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BY WILLIAM S. JONES.
Bering, &t.
THE WEEKLY
CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
!■ Published every Wednesday,
AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM
IN ADVANCE,
TO CLUBS or INDIVIDUALS siding us Ten
Dollars, SIX copies of the Paper will be eent for one
y«ar, thus famishing the Pap«>rat the rate of
BIX COPIES FOR TEN DOLLARS,
or a free copy to all who may procure ua five aub
sc fibers, and forward ua the money.
fHB CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY,
Ara also published at thia office, and mailed to sub*
soribera at the followiug rates, viz.:
BCBI mail* •••>7 per annum.
Tm-Wmiw Pami 4 u
TERMS OF ADVERTISING.
Im WazKLY.—Seventy-five cents per square (12
ineeor lees) for the first insertion, and Fifty cents
for each subsequentinsertion.
iiligcdiaiieoug.
LAW SCHOOL AT AUGUSTA.
The next course of lectures wiu
commence on MONDAY, the 21 st of OCTO
BER. ’
The object of this School—the first ever establish*
ed south of the Roanoke—has been to aid in introduc
ing a higher standard of professional auainme it, the
necessity for which needs no comment. The system
of instruction is precisely that so long followed, and
so eminently successful, at l>itchueld,
use Jy kL StKS, at thut
celebrated Kbod, and has labored. ; >.»*•, to add
to these notes the views of later writers, and the au
thority of all recent decisions.
A practice in Georgia, of more than a quarter of a
century, has given him a familiar acquaintance with
the peculiar laws and institutions of the South, which
is not likely to be met with in the larger schools of
the Northern States; and when to this is added an
experience of more than a dozen years, as a lecturer,
he trusts he may, without presumption, suggest, that
the facilities he offers to Sout/um Students, for ac
quiring legal knowledge, are not to be surpassed.
The weekly exercises consist of five ) ecturea, an
ExaminatioL, and a Moot Court, in which cases are
argued, on pleadings drawn up on the English plan,
though in the Georgia form.
Students have free access to large and well select
ed Libraries, and find, in Augusta, good society, a
healthy climate, daily communication with every
part of the country, and reasonable prices of living.
The subscriber will be happy to furnish any fur
ther information whenever applied to, personally, or
by letter.
Tbbms. as heretofore—One hundred for
the first year; Sixty Dollars for the second; paya
ble quarterly, in advance. Eleven weeks of Lec
curei are considered a quarter.
WM. TRACY GOULD.
Augusta, Ga. July 31,1850. jy3l-w6
REUBEN RICH'S PATENT CENTRE <
VENT WATER WHEEL.
CAUTION— Having bem informed that acer- 1
tain person named REED, is vending a Water
Wheel upon which the water is conducted by means I
of a spiral scroll, as upon “ Reuben Rich’s Patent ,
Centre Vent,” we hereby notify and caution the
public, that we will prosecute, in all instances, for
any evasion or infringement upon said patent, both
ilm maker and party using, and will be thankful for
any information referring ua to parties thus tres|»sss
ing. GINDR AT dt CO.
Montgomery, Ala., June 11,1850*
Je2l-tf __
LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS.
THE SUBSCRIBER, having for many
years devoted much limo and attention to the i
science of Electricity, especially in reference to the
art of protecting objects from the effect of Lightning; .
and having placed his IMPROVED CONDUC- ,
TORS on many thousands of Buildings in the New
England Cities and Country, with entire suocesa,
sow offera his services in that line of business to the '
citizens of Augiuta and neighboring country.
Al! work entrusted to my care will receive my 1
personal attention, and be warranted to be done in I
the most scientific and thorough manner that has i
been yet devised.
D" All orders by mail or otherwise, left at this of
fice, promptly attended to
jylb-wß* LEWIS GALE. Electrician.
20,000 BUSHELS PRIME SUN
DRIED WHEAT WANTED, 1
POR WHICH $1.50 will be paid for Red, «
and >1.62 for White, in cash, at WINTER’S <
PALACE MILLS. i
Columbus, Ga., June 22, 1850. je26-w!o*
KOTICH TO MASONS AND CAR. !
RENTERS.
SEALKD PROPOSALS will be received a 1
the Office of the Clerk of the Inferior Court o '
Elbert county till the first Monday in September 1
next, for the building of a BRICK COURT HOUSE 1
In Elberton, a plan of wbicb, with epecificationa, I
can be seen on application to the Clerk; and persons r
wishing to undertake the building, by application to t
the Clerk, can b— ftmniidno J with • *•' »b* plan t
and specifications by mail. g
JOSEPH SEWELL, j. t. c., ,
EPPY W. BOND, 1. I. 0.,
THOSASR. ALEXANDER,J. 1. c.,
PRESLEY B. ROBERTS, 1. i. a. *
THOMAS P. WILLIS, J. i. c. 1
May 28, 1960-wue2 ’
9200 REWARD.
LOST in Colombia county, a small POCKET '
BOOK, containing between one hundred and
tM hundred and fifty dollars in Bank Bills, and be
tween four and five thousand in notes, payable to the
nndemigned. Fifty dollar, will be paid to any one
fix' returning the Pocket Book and papers, and no
auertiaos asked about the money.
C. H. SHOCKLEY,
jy2l-w3 While Oak.
910 REWARD.
LOST, on the Rtlt of last month, be
tween McAfee’s Bridge and Lawrence
ville, Gwinnetle County, Ga., a smal
PUEJRr. t'-BOOK, with my name written in it, con
taining about Forty .six Dollars in cash, a Bond for
dtlee to two Lots of Land in Floyd county, Ga., and
letter from my brother to myself. I will give Ten
Dollar: for the Book and contents. Address me at
Jefferson, Jackson county, Ga.
anll-w4 ADOLPHUS J, ORR,
LIVERY STABLES,
MADISON, GEORGIA.
jar trs harkall a Harris
beg leave to announce to
'heir friends in Madison and ÜbM*
VrtZ ~ sM'— the travelling Public gene- JEZt
tally, that they have opened the above STABUbS,
and that they intend to keep as fine CARRIAGES,
BUGGIES and HORSES, ascon be found in any
Stables—with careful drivers. Citizens of Madison,
sad strangers visiting Madison, by coming to us will
always find ready accommodation, logo any where
they wish on reasonable lenns.
Madison, Jan. 29 1850. If
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.
. JUST RECEIVED at th'
AGRICULTURAL WARE
HOUSE, Augusta, a lot of Choice
PLOUGHS consisting of Double MculJ Board, Hill
Bide, Subsoil, Eagle Self-sharpening,and one and two
Borse Ploughs, of all descriptions. Also, Cylindrical
CburM, Corn Shelters, Coen Planters, Straw Cutters,
Gt sin Cradles, Road Scrapers, Manure Forks'
Tracks, Ac., Ac.
mbl9-w CARMICHAEL A BEAN
" SPRINGHILL MACHINE SHOP.
A FOR BUILDING AND REPAIRING
< A«U kind, of COTTON AND WOOL MA
making large SCREWS AND
GEARING,ofaIIkinde—TURNING IRON,
WOOD, Ac.,
ALSO, WOOL CARDED AND BATTBD,
nix Augusta,on the Louisville road,where
the proprietors will be grateful for allordera—orthey
oaa heleftatC. A. A M. H. WILLIAMS'S, Augue
ta—ordlreetadto Richmond Factory P. O.
dSB-lf HACK A DUVAL.
~ TO PHYSICIANS
THE SUBSCRIBERS are P”>-*w4
MY pared to furnish their customers with
••PURE MEDICINAL EXTRACTS, pre--**
pared by a new end scientific process, which will he
found to contain the active principle of the plant from
which it is extracted, ia a very conceatratrd form.
Specimens of these Extracts have been sent to vari
ous parts of the United States, and in every instance
have given entire satMfaction. We have also on
band choice WINES and BRANDIES, for medicinal
use, selected by a competent judge. Also, IM
PROVED MEDICAL SADDLE BAGS, the mosi
convenient end safe article ofjhe kind ever ottered;
also, Roe’s Fracture Apparatus, Trusses of every
deecr.ption, Abdominal Supporters, Body Braces,
Surgical and Dental Inetrumenta, pure Select Pow
dors. Genuine Cod Liver Oil, ia bottles and capsules,
Brown’s Blistering Time, and every new prepare
lion of warranted purity.
D" Stockton’s Incorruptible Teeth, Genuine
Stabbe'a Separating Files, Gold and Tin Foil,
Ac., Ac. D. B. PLUMB A CO.,
Druggirts and Apothecaries,
Between U.S. Hotel and P. O. Corner, Augusta, Ga.
mhl? w
HATS, CAPS AND BONNEIS
srntaa and summer fashion*, 185$.
BE. L. FERRY A CO. would
invite the attention of Merchants to their
axtoneive assortment of
HATS, CAPS AND BONNETS,
embracing every variety of style adapted to the sea
sac, end in pert consist:ng of
Meno' and Boys' Panama HATS;
•< “ Leghorn and Palm HATS;
•• •> Rough and Ready Braid HATS,
with every variety of Russia Pur end Bearer Hate.
of the new Spring Fashion.
Alaa, Ladies’ Fancy Straw BONNETS;
•' Pearl and Chip Do ;
M fancy and plain Leghorn BONNETS
with a variety of other ttylee. All of which will be
oKerad low, and on reasonable terms. Call at E. L.
Pcaxv A Co.’a Store, Augusta, Ga,. near the Man
aion House. __ fe27-w
DISSOLUTION.
THE PARTNERSHIP heretofore exirtmg
between the subscribers, under the firm name
of SxoMAit, Hsjr»v A Co., is this day dissolved by
mataal consent. The first named three will continue
to otter Goods al theil old stands ta Elberton and
under the same name, and ar. atone
authorised to settle the buaweas of the old firm.
GBORGE SLOMAN.
ISAAC HENRY,
SOLOMON MARCUS,
ALEX. A EPHRAIM.
HtyiKW- Jy3o-d6Aw5
BBITAMNIA wars.
CHE OB HAND, Britaaala Covered Ptt.b-
WBm, of aft sixes t Candlertick.; Lamps;
Mugs; Soup Ladles; Castors; l»i»h Cov
.m, «eek Dtmesp Sputuon,; Spwort Cig:r Lamps
1 rart Cotfoe and Tea Biggios, Ac., Ac. For
Craok.ry Store, first door below the
store of Mr. John Bt-nm.
A LATHROP.
= tfgmTCBMIM wm
L MISCELLANEOUS LITE
RATURE.
d ~ ~
JOTTINGS BY THE WAY—No. 6.
n Conetpondenceof the and Sentinel
e Washington. August 8,1850.
But:—l have Been so many things and have
been in ao much excitement since my last, and
- withal the weather has been ao extremely op
pressive, that I have not been as punctual a
correspondent as Iliad expected and intended
to be. I hope yet, however, to find time and
. inclination to give you several letters, not on
political subjects, but respecting many objects
of interest which this city contains. I will pass
over these lor the present to give an account !
of a lecture delivered at the Smithsonian Lnsli
, tute, last night, by Dr. Charles Page, in expla
’ nation of his new application of Electro Mag
netism as a motive power. I take it up out of
the regular order of events, that my letter may
contain something new.
The Doctor had a model about ten feet long,
and his new power was applied to revolving a
circular saw, such as is nsed for ripping plank.
All who are conversant with the science of
electro-magnetism, know that the passage of a
current of galvanic electrify through a copper
wire, insulated by wrapping it with cotton, and
wound in a spiral, the turnings being repeated
upon themselves, so as to make a holioßMßßa
W of saw c-linger oap übl» of rwawfs -~*u3
itselfand sustaining a rod of iron or s'HHMB
size and weight of the rod, varying with the *
number of revolutions of the wire, and the I
quantity of the currant electricity. If the A
Under is placed vertically, with the rod in it,
and the circuit broken, the rod drop* by its
gravity, and if ita extremity is left just within
the cylinder, closing the circuit brings it back
to its original position, or if raised above it by
a force counteracting gravity, it may be drawn
downwards again by closing the circuit. Two
such rods, balancing each other at the end of a
lever, working in two such cylinders, (or heli
ces) the circuits around which may be alter
nately closed and opened by a simple adjust
ment of conductors and non-cv*Huctors, the
principle of inertia, (as by aflv-wheel nr other
wise,) being introduced, will form a machine,
which gives an alternating motion, similar to
that of the long arm of a stationary steam en- i
gine for pumping, aud may be applied to mov
ing machinery. This was a discovery made
by Dr. P some years since, but there are prac
tical difficulties in its application to a large ma
chine. There is some time needed for the
current to reach ita intensity, and for the rod
to be magnetized fully, and de magnetized,
which must happen at each advance and re
treat of tbe rod. Thia difficulty increases
greatly with the size of the machine. There
are also secondary currents which result at the
moment of opening and closing the circuit,
and these oppose the action of th< primary cur
rent, and in a measure counteract its force.
But a greater difficulty existed in the fact, that
the cylinder was necessarily short, and lhe
longitudinal stroke of tbe rod (or piston, if we
may call it so) was short, and consequently of
little practical service.
Dr. P. claims to have overcome all those dif
ficulties. Some of his methods, that with res
pect to secondary currents, for instance, he
did notexplain, as he intimated for prudential
reasons, but others were perfectly obvious.
For instance he had a number of these cylin
ders, (made of 1700 feet of wire in all,) placed
together end to end, making a cylinder contin
uous in length, but separate in its parts, three
feet long, 1 think he said, in which was worked
a rod four inches diameter. In these numbers
I rely on memory, as the cylinder was inclosed
and I could not judge by the eye. Thesu cy
liuders are put in the circuit one after the other,
and tbe piston is drawn into the first, t’>en into
the second, and so on as the current is made
to traverse each one consecutively, uutii the
rod has passed through tbe whole length of the
cylinder, or at least until the middle of the rod
is at lhe centre of the last cylinder of the series.
The current is withdrawn from each helix as
soon as the rod is drawn into it, and yet before
the rod has lost ita magnetism, the circuit is
passing round lhe next helix and the rod is
drawn onward, without loss of time in raising
the magnetism to its greatest tension. When
it has traversed its entire course, the current is
passed in the opposite direction, through the
helices and the rod returns to its original posi
tion, and thus a reciprocating motion being ob
tained, the further application of the power is
sufficiently uttvloue Tuuae wno are acquaint
ed with electro magnetic machines will be at
no loss to conceive of lhe methods used for
opening, closing aud reversing tne circuits in
the different helices of the cylinder, though I
should find it difficult to dessribe them intelli
gibly without a diagram. A rod moved with
the piston, and parallel to it, external to tbe
cylinders does this work, and the momentum
of a large fly wheel keeps this rod in motion
during the mere instant of time, in which the
circuit is broken, while tbe current is being
thus transferred. In Dr. P’s model the pieteu
ia attached to a erank, which turns the fly
wheel and by a crank causes the circular saw to
revolve.
The machine worked beautifully; Dr. P.
had calculated it at a little more than four horse
power, and said that by experiment he was
convinced that it could be worked at 20 cents
per day per horse power, while lhe very cheap
est stationary engines in Cornwall, England,
cost 12 cents per day for the same power. He
spoke of the superior advantage of such power
over steam in many cases where steam could
not be used, even though it were much cheap
er! and iiis remarks ana illustrations were re
ceived enthusiastically by a large and intelli
gent audience. I hope that Congress will en
able him to pursue these investigations, to
which he has devoted fourteen years of ardu
ous service.
I ought perhaps to mention two other facts
connected with this lecture: Dr. P. to prove
the power ofthe magnetic vortex raised a cy
linder of iron, weighing 160 pounds, through
the space of eight inches, drawing this rod
perpendicularly upwards into the hollow of a
cylinder, such as 1 have described, and drop
mg it at pleasure, merely by closing and open
ing the circuit. He also showed that the de
flagration of tbe conducting metals, which
utltes place at the moment of closing or break
ing the circuit was much less when made at a
distance from the magnet than when near.
Whan the contact was at a distance there wax
a large flame and but little uoise—when uear,
the flame was smaller, the heat concentrated,
and asucoession es sharp explosions was pro
duced somewhat similar to lhe bursting of a
pistol cap.
I hope that this description is sufficiently
clear to do justice to a very happy conception
of science, and a proof of what perseverance
may accomplish.
Uttener perhaps than you wish, if the wea
ther will moderate you m.y hear fro... yours,
&c , Peter Paragraph.
Washington, Aug. 12,1850.
To the Editor of the Chronicle Jr Sentinel :
With your permisstou 1 will depart this tiuis
from the plan I had marked out, and discount
a while on politics. You have, no doubt, learn
ed, by Telegraph, that a meeting of the South
ern Representatives bad been called to see il
they could agree o yon any line of policy to b<
adopted in this criucal juncture of affairs. Bj
■he courtesy of tbe member from your district
I was invited to be present at toe meetings
and availed myself of his kind tuvitation. Th:
first meeting was designed for the interchangt
of views, and wai attended by about 40 mem
bers. Their discussions were harmonious,
and a Committee of one, from each of the
slave States, was appointed, to suggest some
plan of agreement to an adjourned meeting, to
be held on Saturday evening. 10th mat. The
names of the Committee and the Resolutions
they submitted at the ensuing meeting, with
some slight modifications adopted, are append
ed, as published in the Southern press of this
morning s
1. Resolved) That we wiU support no territorial
bill that does not provide that no citizen shall be de
prived of his life, liberty or property, except by the
judgment of his peers, and the laws of the land, and
that the common law, as it existed in the American
Colonies on the 4th July, 1776, and the Constitution
and laws of the United States applicable to our terri
tories, shall be the fundamental law of said territory.
2. Resolved) That in the event that the non-slave
bolding Stales object thus to put the life, liberty and
property of American citizens under American laws,
we will insist upon a division of the country cn the
line of 36 deg. 30 min., with a distinct recognition
and protection of property in slavjes.
3. Resolved) That we will not vote for the admis
sion of Cslifornia, unless the Southern boundary be
restricted to the parallel of 36 deg. 30 min. north lati
tude.
4. Resolved) That we will not agree tn any boun
dary between Texas and New Mexico which pro
poses to cede to New Mexico any portion of territory
south of the parrallel of 36 deg. 3d rain, north lati
tude and west of the Rio Granda, prior to the adjust
ment of the territorial questions.
5. Resolved) That the representative* of the slave
holding States will resist by all usual legislat.ve and
constitutional means, tbe admission of the State of
California and the adjustment of the Texas bounda
ry, until a settlement of the territorial questions.
O. Re it further That tbe powers and
duties cf the Committee ol fifteen be continued uiuii
the further action of the meeting, and that the Chair
man of that Committee, by tbe concurrence of any
three members thereof, may at any time call a mew
ing of tbe representatives of tbe slaveholdiag States.
Il will be seen that the first Resolution pro
poses to open the entire Territory in dispute
to a fair competition to ths South as wall as the
North. Tbe Coumon Law of England, as
modified for tbe oelenioe, is that law seder
which oar Revolutionary Fathers olaitnod the
rights eonlanded for tn the wer of Indepen
dence. Under this law slavery wee introduced
into those colonies whore it was not forbidden
by Royal Charter, or after such charters wore
remodelled or surrendered, which latter was
Itbe case in Georgia. Lord Mansfield, while
deehring in the Somerset ease that slavery
con’d not exist in England by the Common
Law. at the same time said that the case was
( different in the Colonies; and Lord Stowell,
many years afterwards, declared against Lord
M.’e conclusions even in respect to slavery in
England. This law, then, and the Coustitu
• tion and constitutional law, being made the
fundamental law of the Territories, will not
only abrogate the Mexican Emancipation Laws,
if in force there, but will also allow Southern
ers to carry their slaves there; and if any case
of slavery should be submitted to the judg
ment of the Courts, there is no doubt that the
decision will be favorable to the South.
i It is understood that several Northern mem-
I bers, who are pledged against the Wilmot pro
viso, and complicated by their past acta, will
sustain the introduction of this provision into
I the Territorial Bills. If they do not. aud it
I fails, the Representatives agree to fall backup
on the principle of division of the country with
distinct recognition of slavery south of 36° 30’.
This line is fixed upon as the basis, because it
is a historical line ; though I think it is under
stood that any geographical division, which
gives as much valuable country to the South,
I will not be objected to. It is also understood
that the South is to insist upon the settlement
of the Territorial questions, before they agree
either to the admission of California or the
Senate’s Texas Bill, upon which such high
hopes have been based. It will be seen that
the division of Texas lies between her and
the Government entirely, if any land claimed
by her is given to New Mexico, if that Terri
tory is first opened to the South. This boun
dary will no longer be a question of great im
portance to the South.
I have learned from good authority, that all
tjte Georgia delegation agree to this basis of
adjustment. Great credit is duo to your own
immediate Representative for the active oart
which he has taken in this matter, aud the ore
d:t of the scheme is mainly due to bint I think
Abtfut fifty Southern members wcj^joreisiat
meeting, tod about ,»®A
1 ’ ■■ u * 1 'i v o li > a
raßgiber from Delaware, I believe. Those Ulte
! ■Stf least inclined to it are gentlemen of uo
I " ,je * n t * l9 councils of the country,
NSWjtig members, who do not wish to break
fwiA the Administration, and therefore wish a
speedy adjustment of the Texas boundary by
the adoption of the Senate Bill, lest the carry
ing out of Government policy should force
them into the opposition.
I heard Mr. Stephens’s Speech on Friday, in
which he took ground against tho Administra
tion on its Texas policy. It will be out to
morrow morning in the Congressional Globe.
It produced quaking and trembling among the
Northern Whigs, who feared they were about
to lose the South entirely, ard induced a vote
in the Senate on Pearce’s Boundary Bill, which
was wholly unexpected.
If the South is united we can get what we
demand. I have room in this sheet to say no
more, except that I have suffered a little in my
letters from tho tricks of your types. Your
compositor must bo greatly troubled about
these National questions, for he has turned my
“ old shoe of a boat” into “an old slave of a
boat.” This is but an instance of the errors
which goes to mar the fame and fortune of your
Peter Paragraph
Washington, Aug. 10,1850.
Sir:—As yon pass from the Steamboat
landing to Pennsylvania Avenue, you see in
the centre of a spacious reserve, called the
Mall, on your left a massive building in process
of erection. It is built of a red sand-stone ob
tained a few miles above the city, and is known
as the Smithsonian Institute. By the polite
ness of Prof. C. C. Jewett, assistant Secretary
and acting Librarian, I was admitted to its halls,
as far as finished, and learned its history, its
objects, and its progress. The building itself
will, I think, be the most’attractlve, in external
appearance, iu the city. The material is beau
tiful, and the building is to be in extreme
length 447 feet, and 132 feet in extreme breadth.
Its highest tower (of which there are nine)
will rise to 145 feet. It is built in the later
Norman or Lombard style, and consists of a
centre and two wings, these being united by
ranges. The centre will contain a library 134
by 50 feet, divided into alcoves and crossed by
galleries, and also a hall for philosophical ap
paratus. Above these will be a Museurn 200
by 50 feet, divided into three broad aisles.
The eastern wing oontains the handsomest
and best arranged lecture room 1 have over
seen. It will comfortably seat 1,060 persons.
Tbe range connecting this wing with the cen
tre building is divided in laboratories, appara
tus rooms, offices, work shops, dkc. The ap
paratus already collected, though there is not
much of it, contains some pieces of superior
workmanship and great utility.
As you enter the west wing at lhe end door
you will see in the vestibule a Nicaraguan Idol,
with negro features, lately sent home by Mr
Squier, destined to be one of the “household
gods ol ,Ua Mawoum. Passing an you enter
the Gallery of Art, al present used as a Library.
Tnere is a tolerable collection of books, prints
and maps, considering the age of the Institu
tion ; and among other things a Chinese map
of the world, which makes China, India and
Tartary constitute almost the entire terraque
ous globe, leaving a few small island: to the
other portions of the race. Beyond this gal
lery is a reading room, and the temporary
office of lhe assistant Secretary. Passing be
yond this, you enter the range designed also
for a Gallery or as part of the Library, I forget
which. The interior decoration and work
manship of the building ia beautiful. The co
lored glass windows, the recesses, alcoves,
lhe vaulted ceiling, and grained arches of ela
borate workmanship remind one irresistibly
so tbe middle ages. Taken altogether, I think
that in appearance it will be really the most
attractive public building in lhe City. lam
only sorry to learn, from the amiable Libra
rian, that lhe ground-plan is not as suitable for
lhe objects designed, as others which might
have been adopted. I should add that to in
crease the facilities for obtaining books for the
Library here, it is ordered by law that books
shall not be copy-righted until a certificate is
obtained of the deposit of a copy of the book
in this Institution. Thus they gel a copy of
every work on which a cepy-right is truly
obtained. Many books have the assertion of a
copy-right in the title which the law would
not protect against other publishers, for no
right has been bought.
The following history of this Institution may
be acceptable to your readers:
Tbs Institution derives its name and endowment
from James Smithson, Esq.,of England.
Mr. Stnilbson was a son of the first Duke of
Northumberland. He was educated at Oxford,
where lie dieiinguisbed himsell by his scientific
attainmente. In 1787, the year after making hi:
Master’s degree, he wan elected a Fellow of the
Royal Society. To the “Philosophical Transactions”
be contributed, et different times, eight valuable pa
pers. He was an associate of most of tbe eminent
men of science of the last generation in England,
and was much respected for bis proficiency in the
department of chemistry, aa well as for bis amiable
and unassuming manners. He had no fixed resi
dence, and formed no family ties. The last years
of his life were spent mostly on lhe continent, and
he died at Genoa, June 27th, 1829.
From the property which be received by hie
mother, and the ample annuity allowed him by hie
father, his frugality enabled him to accumulate a
fortune, which, al the time of his death, amounted to
about 120,009 pounds sterling.
By his will he directed that the income of this
property (after deducting some small annuities)
should be paid to hie nephew, Henry James Hunger
lord, during bis life, and that the property itself
should descend to his children, if he had any, auao
lutely and forever.
“in case of lhe death of my arid nephew without
leaving a child, or children, or of the death of the
child cr children he may have had, under tbe age
of 21 years, or intestate, I then bequeath lhe whole
of my property, (subject to the annuity of 100 pounds
to John Fitall, and for the security and payment of
which, I mean stock to remain in this country,) to the
United Stales of America, to found at Washing
ton, under the name of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion, an establishment for the increase and di fu
sion of knowledge among men.”
Such ate the a ords of lhe wul, and the only words
of Smithson which have come to ua relating to this
remarkable bequest.
Ofthe reasons which led him to make thia dispo
sal of his fortune, we know nothing except by in
ference. He wee never in America, had no friends
or acquaintances here, and ia supposed to have had
no particular fondness for republican institutions ; no
sentence among bis papers, no books in his library,
no recollection of his associates shows chat hs had
made oar country an object of specie! thought and
study. It was, we may suppose, to perpetuate his
name as the Irioud end patron of science and learn
ing that he made thia bequert; and it is tbe highest
compliment that he eould pay to our country to se
lect it so the Trustee of bis noble purposes, and to
abstain from trammelling the legacy by any condi
tion, restriction, reservation, or direction.
Young Hungerford died at Pisa, on the sth of
June, 1835, without issue. The event thus occur
red in which the claim ofthe United States attached.
The particulars of lhe bequest were communicated
to onr government, and both Houses of Congress
passed a bill, which was approved the Ist of July,
1836, authorizing the Pr-sidsnt to appoint an agent
to prosecute, in tbe Court of Chancery of England,
the right of the United States to tbe bequest ; and
pledging the faith of lhe United States to the applica
tion ol the fund to the purpose designated b; the
donor.
Tbe Hon. Richard Rush of Philadelphia, wss by
the President appointed the agent of the United
States. He proceeded to England, instituted a suit
in lhe Court of Chancery, recovered the fund and
paid it into the Treasury of the United btates, in
sovereigns, during tte month of September, 1838.
Tbe amount of the fund at this time was $515,-
169. It was not till eight years after thia period,
10th August, 1846, that the act establishing tbe
Smithsonian Institution was finally passed.
This r.cr areatea an establishment to be called the
Smithsonian Institution, composed of the President
and Vice President of the United States, the Secre
taries of State, of the Treasury, of War, and of the
Nary, the Postmaster General. Attorney General,
and Mayor of Washington, with such others as they
may elect Honorary Members, it devolves the
immediate government of the Institution upon a
Board of Regents, of fiiteen members, namely, the
Vice Presideuc of the United States, the Chief Jus*
uceof the Supreme Court, and the Mayor of the
♦tty of Waahingtoo. ax-oJleta, three members of the
beoatc, to bo apyomiod by the PreeMeet thereof
three mashers «f Um Howes to be appointed by the
Speaker, and aU persona to be ohsein frees the ctlk
zeaa at lagre by _wint rveoluuoa of the Senate and
House, lew of whom shall be members of the Nation
al Inorrtute, and the ocher four inhabitant* of States,
and no two from the same State.
The ace established a permanent loan of the ori
ginal fund (*515,169) to the United Stales at su per
cent, interest ; appropriated the aecstnalated interest,
then amouiinns to *242,129 <x se moahss might
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 21, 1850.
*—.—
is I be needed, together with so much of tho accruing
|, income as might be unxepended in any year, for th<
( j ' erection of a building ; provided for the establish
n I ment of a Library, Museum, Chemical Laboratory
H . &0., and left most of the details of organization to thr
I Board of Regents.
j As tbe result of the conscientious labors of thr
’ Board of Regents a plan of organization has beer
■» adopted which seems to give universal satisfaction.
'■ and promise the widest usefulness.
o The cost of the building is limited (with furniture
grading the grounds, <4c.,) to $250,000. This will
e be taken mostly from the income of the original and
building funds, so as to save 3150,000 of the building
fund, which, when added to the original fund, will
make $675 000, yielding nearly s4o,(ooper annum.
II This income, with all sums received from other
sources, is to be permanently and equally divided
J between two great methods of increasing and diifu
-1 ring knowledge—the first by publications, resoarch
* es, and lectures—the second by collections in litera
l lure, science, and art.
. The firat volume of a series entitled “Smithsonian
t Contributions to Knowledge,” in 4to, has been is
. sued. It is proposed to publish a serieaof a more
I popular character, and in Bvo. form, entitled “Smith
sonian Reports,” and to print, for still wider circula-
1 tion, a monthly “Bulletin.” Researches in various
departments of science have been instituted, or aided
1 , Iy the Institution ; and several courses of free lec
’ ■ tures have been delivered.
1 The benefit likely to be derived from this
1 Institution is immense. Mett ofliterary research
will, in a few years, find a Library here to
which they will have free accesa, and when
desirable books are not already here, they will
be purchased, if obtainable, at their suggestion.
Experimenters in science will be aided to car
ry out their investigations in different parts of
the country, under the sole condition that, if
. successful, they acknowlege the patronage of
the Institution, and give ft the right of publish
ing it as one of its results, the pecuniary advan
■asa. if any, going to the individual.
Valuable works tn art, sgjgnce and literature,
not .jjjt-iy to be uUft stimrlsujierwise, will ba
at iit
butten wl “ J” ry lnstiiuh.- ; >
ti,» ’r.sutltp'Afc
bedient servant,
Peter Paraobahh.
A Woman of a Thousand.—A correspond
dent efthe New York Commercial instances a
remarkable display of genuine patriotism by
the wife of a gentleman who at one time kept
a restaurant in the city:
“ If you would like to see a sight ‘worth see-
ing,’ go antake your lunch at ‘Gosling’s Amer
ican and French Restaurant,’ 17 Nassau street.
You will find there behind the lunch table,
waiting on the guests with modest dignity and
cheerful as-idily, a fine looking rosy-cheeked
black haired female, a specimen of perfect
health »..d cheerfulness, and younger in ap
pearance than the vast majority of women at
forty. This is the wife of lhe host—the mo
ther of 24 children—the eldest of whom is 32,
and the youngest two years old, 13 of whom
with 10 grand children are still living: she
rises every morning at five and does the mar
keting for this great establishment; and dur
ing several of the busieets hours of the day,
sees that lhe guests are properly waited on and
attended to. She confesses to 48 years, but
without the confession she would not be deem
ed guilty of forty. Had she lived in the days
of ancient Rome, she would have received
tbe honors of the Republic, and certainly it
cannot be misplaced to bestow this brief notice
on one, who has contributed so many citizens
to her country, aud whose conduct in her
daily walk in life, and modest demeanor, and
cheerful efforts to aid the partner of her lot,
present so useful an example for imitation.”
Beautiful Extract.
VVe clip the following beautiful and eloquent
extract from a discourse on the character and
death of Gen. Taylor, which was delivered
iu the Presbyterian Church in Columbus, Miss.,
by the Rev. S. R. Frierson :
“And thia bring: me in conclusion to add, but with
unaffected diffidence and reserve, one word Io refer
ence to the present posture of our national affairs.
Blatnu ua not if that word be “Union.” Preserve
the Union. Preserve ‘.he Union, peaceably and
honorably with honor o yourselves—if you can;
but honorably and forcibly if you must. Rather
than dissolve the Union of these States, draw your
swords, defend your rights—and among those rights
forget not to reckon the right and duty of binding
this Union in lhe bonds of an everlasting covenant,
well ordered and sure. Forgive us if we utter our
feelings 100 enthusiastically. You have taught us
to revere the federal union of these States—you have
taught us its blessings—you have told us what a des
tiny it is to exert upon the nations of tne earth—what
an influence upon the best interests of men. And
you have not told us the half. We see that to Amer
ica has been commiltled the oracles of freedom, that
within her precincts repose the ark of political re
demption—that the tree of liberty grows upon her
soil, and within that tree is hid the charter of human
rights. We see that Religion is deeply involved in
lhe issue, that the glorious cause of protestant prin
ciples, a State without a king, is closely associated
with the preservation and prosperity of this Union—
that the United States of America is, perchance, to
be tbe centra ol lhe religious world—a bright scene
whose “ healing rays" are to carry light and truth
to tho utmost ends of heaihentsm, aye, and perad
venture to send back to the old continental world,
that Promethean fire of freedom which was stolen
away when the Puritans of England and the Hugue
nots of France came to her savage shores.
Such is tne mission of America. Standing mid
way betwixt Europe on lhe one hand, and Asia on
tbe other, she must, in time, control tho commerce of
both. Through her hands the products of the one
must pass to the other. With her Pacific, as now
her Atlantic coast, shooting out its Asiatic line of
Steamers —with each coast connected to tbe other by
successive links of railroad, she must become the
highway of kings—the pathway of nations, their
beet example of prosperity; the Fore-runner of their
progress, the Expounder of their political faith, the
Redeemer of their liberties, tbe Preserver of their
rights, their brightest and most faultless model of
freedom and self governtn nt; provided only she be
true to herself, and preserve her national integrity.
Let us then reflect upon the destiny and duties of
this nation; let us attempt to ascertain what great
purpose the god if nations intends to subserve by its
existence ; and let us do nothing without consulting
Hie majesty, obtaining His approbation and invoking
His aid. For it is written in the sacred book of ottr
nations—that happy is that people whose God is the
hard.
Indian Story.—Dr. Bigsby, in hie “Shoe
aud Canoe, or Pictures of Travel in the Can
adas." relates the following story, which was
told him while engaged in a survey of the Lake
of the Woods:
While we were purchasing bilberries, I noticed a
sulky old Indian sitting apart on a somewhat high
rock, with his arms round his legs and his head on
his knees.
I asked “the little Englishman" who that wo
stricken man was, when he gave me the following
statement:
Some years ago this Indian bad strangled his luna
tic son—his only son and favorite child.
The youth, eighteen years old, for a year or more,
had refused to bunt, became abstracted, melancholy,
and at times frenzied.
When his paroxysms were coming on, he wsold
train hie family to protect a particular sister from his
unwilling violence, as he hail an irresistible propen
sity to kill and devour her; and, ia fact, be made
several attempts upon her life.
After a time bis lunacy, for such it was, changed
Its object, and he declared that be must murder and
eat the first Indian he could master io tbe woods or
elsewhere.
He now daily begged hie father te put him to death,
and so end his miseries.
Tlte surrounding Indians look alarm at this.
The father, as is usual in great emergencies, call
ed a council. It sal several times, and after much
deliberation, ordered the lunatic to be strangled by
his own father, the giber of his life.
The father obeyed. The youth, after listening to
a long speech, and assenting aloud to every separate
observation, bared his neck to the cord, and soon
ceased to breathe. Hie body was burnt last he
should rise again.
The parent never looked up more.
A Runaway Locomotive.—A catastrophe,
which it is fearful to contemplate, was recent
ly averted in London by the aid of the tele
graph A collision had occurred to an empty
railroad train at Gravesend, and the driver
having leaped from his engine, the latter start
ed alone full speed for Loudon. Notice was
immediately given by telegraph to London and
other stations; and, white the line was kept
clear, an engine and other arrangements were
prepared as a buttress to receive the runaway.
The superintendent ofthe railway also started
down the line on an engine, and on passing the
runaway he reversed his engine and had it
transferred at the next eroesing to the op line,
so as to be in the chase, aud on overtaking the
other he ran into it at full speed, and the dri
ver ofthe engine took possession of the fugi
tive, and all danger was at an end. Twelve
stations were passed in safety, It passed
Woolwich at fifteen miles an hour, and
was within a couple of miles of London whsn
it was arrested.
Ths Horse.— l will state a few things that I
have learned, and they may be of benefit to
your readers. A horse that is driven on bard
roads is liable to get stiff in tbe joints. In
1833. I had an animal which, after driving
three or fuur days, got quite lame. An old
Baltimore teamster told me to wash the mare's
lege in a tolerably salt brine, which was done
accordingly three times a day, for the balance
of lhe journey. The stiffness disappeared in
a few days, and I drove tbe mare 1400 miles
afterwards, and there was no more trouble on
that account. What pleased me most was, the
more bad a very poor foot Io hold a shoe
wheu I started; it was very brittle and hard, it
would break out when a nail was put in; but
it grew together at every shoeing. A black
smith in New England remarked to me that
her fool had a singular appearance ; where he
pared it it was soft aud lough. I account for
it in this way; salt will extract moisture from
the atmosphere, which keeps tho fool moist
all the time; aud salt has nearly tho same ef
fect that grease has ou a fool or piece of timber.
Tne d ippings from salt on a floor, if contin
ued long, caunotbe got off; the wood becomes
moist and tough, and so with a horse's foot.
After washing the lege turn up the horse's foot,
clean the bottom, pour the hollow full of brine,
and hold for a few miunte: to soak tho botlem-
Tbe practice of rasping the spot all ever to
toughen it is abominable.— Farmer aad Gar
dener.
Fouancn Fboit.—Aa eH Jew being in
an ent of thn way alae-heMo, treated biaeelf
te acme haw and egg*, but jaat aa ho was
about te raise the forbidden morsel to his
mouth, a dap es thunder startled him. He
dropoed the fork, saying: Mein Got I all die
fuss chust because old Meshes is eating a little
bit es baeoo.”
More than two hundred hands are said
to be digging gold iu the mi nee of Brown Co ,
Indiana
5 Georgia Deaf and Dumb Asylum.
0 To his Excellency. George. IT. Toutns.
The “ Commissioners for the Georgia Asj
j lum for the Deaf and Dumb," beg lease to pn
sent the subjoined Report of the operations o
; the institution under their control, during th.
i past year commencing July 1511849 : and a
, this is the firs' report which has gone out to th.
public, they would also beg leave to report, it
. the same connection, a brief account of the la
1 bors of those who were engaged promoting
1 the interest of the Deaf and Dumb previous t<
j the present year.
So long as the year 1834, Mr. Weld, princi
i pal of the American Asylum at Hartford, Con.
I visited Georgia for the purpose of awakening
an interest in the public mind in favor of thr
Deaf and Dumb. He brought witif bint a clast
of deaf mute pupils, and gave an exhibition ol
their advancement before tho Legi»lature
i which was then in session. He wasao fortu
nate as to secure an annual appropriation
from the S’ate treasury of #3,000 for the edu
cation of the Deaf and Dumb, and 'aho the
Blind. This appropriation was aftehvards in
creased to $4,500. According to thqlgtW ma
king this appropriation, all indigent deaf mutes
who were resident within the limitaLof the
Sta te. and between the ages of terr and thirty,
could enjoy the privilege of remaining at lhe
American Asylum for the term of ft>ur years
Compared with the number who could of
right avail themselves of this benefaction, very
few did so. Nor indeed was it Contemplated
by Mr. Weld that a large number from this
Stale would become pupils under bis care.
The ultimate end to which he looked was the
establishment of an Institution within the, lim
it» of the State, or at some southern r
wher*. the climate was better adapted io lhe
constitution of southern pupils.
The law making the above provision atso.ca>-
pjtvjered the executive of the St, toan.-.irt
Jesse H? Ala tn pbdhU J Th
I of this State are indebted much ,to the
I enewy and efficient action of the last bamed
| gaWstman, forhisagency in procuring the Io-
I canon and endownae nt of an institution for
{ llis&instruction. With the heart of a pbiian
>4M9istand Christian, he was promptetrto ac
tion In endeavors to ameliorate the condition
of those who would not avail themselves of the
provisions of the law because ofthe distance to
the American Asylum. As a preparatory
step, he procured an amendment to the origi
nal statute, whereby Beneficiaries could be ed
ucated within lhe State, as well as at the Amer
ican Asylum. After the passage of this a
menduient he opened a correspondence with
tbe Trustees of several institutions of learning ;
and among them was the Board of Trustees of
lhe Hearn School. This school is located near
the vdlage of Cave Spring, Floyd County,
An arrangement was effectel between Mr.
Cambpell and the Board of Trustees of this
School, to the effect that a department should
be openeu for tbe reception of deaf mute pu
pils. The preliminary arrangements having
been completed, Mr. O. P. Fannin, the Asso
ciate Teacher in tbe Hearn School, was depu
tized to bring the State Beneficiaries from the
American Asylum, and enter them aspupils in
tbe deaf mute department ofthe Hearn School
He returned from the American Asylum with
four pupils. The Department was placed un
der his immediate supervision, and was open
ed on the 15th of May, 1846. This period, to
which the friends ofthe Deaf and Dumb can
now look with pleasiug recollections, was
fraught with a degree of interest far beyond
that which was conjectured at the time. The
novelty ofthe enterprise, and the entire want
ufaknowledge ofthe mute character on lhe
part of all concerned, seemed to connect tbe
undertaking with the idea of a speedy aban
donment. Not so, however, has the result
proven. With devout thankfulness and hu
mility would we acknowledge the guidance of
an overruling Providence in this hour ofneed.
The pupils were boarded at private houses ;
and that, too, ata distance from the rooms pro
vided for their school exercises. The success
at the efforts of instruction for the year and a
half which succee Jed the opening of the De
partment. was not such as we could have de
sired ; but considering the many disadvantages
under which the Department labored, it was
such as would contend itself to the favorable
judgment ofevery friend ofthe deaf and dumb.
In the mean time the services of Mr J. B. Ed
wards, as an Assistant Teacher, were secured.
Mr. Edwards is quite an intelligent deaf mute,
formerly a Beneficiary of the State, and edu
cated at the American Asylum. The number
of pupils also increased from four to near or
quitea dozen. Thus the Department stood at
the year 1847.
As the second step toward: the establishment
of an Asylum for the Deafand Dumb in the
State, a bill passed the Legislature convened
in the winter of 1847, locating and endowing
lhe “Georgia Asylum loca ing it near the
village of Cave Spring, and endowing it by
continuing the annual appropriation for
School purposes, with an additional special
appropriation for building purposes. At the
sn.rrt time a Beard of feve oammissioners was
created under whose supervisory cbntiol lhe
institution was placed. The Board consisted
of Dr. Geo. D I’hilins, Dr. L. B. Mercer, Dr.
I. N. Culbertson, £f. J. Johnson, Esq , and O.
P. Fannin. This Board was duly organized
by lhe election of Dr. I. N. Culbertson, Pres
ident, aud S. Johnson, Esq , Sec'ry and Treat
Dr. B. B. Mercer having declined to serve as
Commissioner, Rev. Jas. Davis was appointed
to fill the vacancy iu the Board.
As the first step towards the dispatch of its
business lhe Board elected Mr. O. P. Fannin,
a Georgian by birth and education, the Princi
pal Instructor, and Mr. J. B. Edwards his As
sistant. The next thing which engaged the
attention ofthe Board was the selection of a
suitable site for the erection of proper Buil
dings for the Asylum. This they did in the
purchase of a lot of eight acres, pleasantly lo
cated in the immediate vicinity of Cave Spring ;
for which the sum of near $3 J per acre was
paid to the Trustees of the Hearn School.
The lot is finely watered by a large limestone
spring ; having also its western boundary
within thirty feet of a bold liotpid stream,
known as Little Cedar Creek. The entire
grounds belonging to the Asylum lie within a
cove of tbe mountains, commanding a fine view
ofthe fertile lands and picturesque scenery of
Van’s Valley. A plan for a commodious buil
ding was projected, and the building contrac
ted for, which, in the opinion of the Board ol
Commissioners was well adapted to the wants
of the inmates of the Institution. The build
ing was built of brick two stories high, and
fronting the west: being 75 feet long and 40
feet wide, having a passage running through
the middle from west to east; tho lower story,
divided into eohool rooms and rooms for the
accomodation of the Steward and his family;
the second story, divided into two large rooms
by a cross wail, one of whioh to be appropria
ted to sleeping apartments for the girls, and
the other to sleeping apartments for the boys.
Before, however, these necessary buildings
could be completed, the Board was compel
led to make arrangements for the accommo
dation of the pupils who had formerly been
taught in the deaf mute department of tbe
Hearn School. Some unoccupied buildings
belonging to the Hearn School were rented,
in which they were instructed dnring tbe time
the Asylum buildings were being completed.
It wss in these rented rooms that the pupils
were taught for one year aud a half still labor
ing under the disadvantage of boarding at a
distance from their School rooms. In the
meantime lhe main Asylum building was ver
ging towards a completion, aud in the spring
of tbe year 1848 the contractors announced to
the Board that the building would be ready for
useonthe latofjuly. Accordingly,the Board
proceeded io the selection ofa gentleman and
lady who should fill tho rssponsible stations of
Steward and Matron of the Asylum. Mr.
John M. Carrol, a gentleman whose energy of
character well qualified him for the discharge
of its duties, was chosen Steward : and his la
dy, Mrs. Sarah Carroll, whose urbanity and
gentleness were finely adapted to her station,
was chosen Matron * • • • On the first
day of Joly 1849, the Institution commenced
it first legitimate operation,* * * The
pupils have made fair iu the acquisi
tion of knowledge daring the year.* * * •
Tne method of Distraction employed in this
Institution is purely inductive. The natural
signs are used as the medium of communica
tion between the teacher and the pupil, espec
ially in the earlier stages of instruction. How
ever, after the pupils have acquired a com
mand of written language sufficient to commu
nicate his thoughts toother* by its use, it is
used in preference to their native sign lan
guage. This is done for a very obvious reason.
One of tbe prime objects in educating he deaf
mute is to develops his tnind and thereby facil
itate his intercourse with mankind. Thia in
tercourse must be carried on mainly through
the ordinary channel—written language. Then
in obedience to the trite but true maxim,
“Practice makes perfect,” the pupil is requir
ed to nee written language during bis course
of instruction, in such a manner as to render
it of practical utility to him when be com
pletee his course and mingles with tbe world.
Very little effort has been made to teach
“labial reading,” during tbe year. One reason
for this course is tbe loot, that every pupil now
in the Asylum, with a solitary exception, is
congenitally deaf, and of course has no knowl
edge of sound.
Another reason is, the Board has yet to learn
that any practical good ean accrue from at
tempts to teach those congenitally deaf, the art
of “labial readingt” and that any great practi
cal good can arise from attempts to teach the
same to these who are accidentally deaf. The
B-'ard have noticed with regret the extensive
circulation of a communication of a foreign
correspondent to the “Christian Review," de
tailing a visit to the Berlin Institution for tbe
Deafand Dumb.
The Board do not regret the extensive cir
culation of the communication on account of
the facts which it contains, bat on account of
the unjust reflections which it oasts upon the
Institutions es the United States. The Board
are decidedly es the opinion that * fact, which
furnishes the key to the whole matter, should
have boon mentionod by the writer. In their
opinion the writer should have stated in the
same communication, that only those who sen
articulate words distinctly are admitted into
the Berlin Institution. • • • The religious
instruction and moral training of our pupils
form an important feature in their education.
The seboo Ijexercises are opened and closed
with prayer, ‘ n «*»• !»»<“»<• of signs
Catechetical lessons are given weekly. In
r.dditiou to this, the pupils assemble in lhe
forenoon and afternoon of every Sabbath.
’ when a short discourse from some portion of
11 the Bible, is delivered in the language of signs.
The Board have considered it beat to estab
lish shops in connection with the Asylum, in
1 which all lhe male pupil* are required to labor
during a portion of the day. As yet only a
boot and shoe shop has been opened. Other
mechanical trades are contemplated, and so
soon as the necessary arrangements can be
made, will be gone into. The shops are un
der the immediate control of the Steward.
The Board were of opinion, at lhe commence
ment of the operations of the Institution,
(and at present they see no reason for chang
ing that opinion) that it would be impolitic to
receive into tbe Institution pupils who were
in indirent circumstances at home, and allow
them to remain for several y ers at the ex
pense of the State, and at the end of the
allotted time to go forth into the world with
out any means of earning a livelihood. In
other words, they were unwilling to permit
pupils committed to their care for a term of
years, at the expiration of the lime to
become drones in society, with feelings of
pride and vanity, so peculiar to the mute
character, fostered to an excesaive degree.
On the contrary, the Board were of opinion,
that it was their duty to instruct them not only
morally and intellectually, but also mechani
cally ; not only to prepare them for a felici
tious interchange of thought and opinion with
their fellow beings, but also to free them from
the necessity of becoming a tax upon the kind
ness of friends, by providing them with a
unuwledse of trade by which they could tnain
lain themselves after they had gone from
-tfiejAsylum. Those who are educated by their
frtj&ds, are al-o required to work in the shops,
,diiees.use lhe Board cannot create distinction*
§Myng the pupils. During the lime the rtaie
fa'Sg'k' nre enffkged in the shops, the female
in domestic work. All i>,eve
( "in lll nia'Te 8 Upm.— 'iwaSTXa t
priktion lor lhe completion of the
bui|dining, for the erection of necessary out
biddings, and for the enclosure of the lot
The Board have contracted for the erection
of an Ell on the north east side of the main
building. The ell is to be 55 feet long and 27
feet wide, two stories high. The Board have
also contracted for the enclosure of the lot
with a neat paling. Both of these contract*
are in the hands of efficient men, and will be
completed soon. The Board are of opinion
that the completion of these contracts will add
much to the beauty of the lot, and conduce
much to the comfort of the pupils. The
Board have agreed to pay the sum of $2,100
for the erection of the ell ; and have also
agreed to pay for each panel of paling
which may be necessary t > a complete enclo
sure of the lot.
For an account of the financial concern*
of the Institution, both in the receipt and ex
penditure, the Board would refer you to the
ReportoftheTreasurer [ Weomit ths report.]
It has been the policy of the Beard to keep
the Institution clear of deb'. They have nev
er contracted for tbe execution of work when
they were not sure of a prompt payment on
the execution of the same. They would re
mark, however, that this policy has prevented
their making a: judicious arrangements as they
could have done by contracting debts, without
the certainty of liquidating them. It is known
to your Excellency, that there have been two
special appropriations for building purposes.
The first was insufficient for a proper outfit;
but the exigencies of the case forbade a delay
until the next session of the Legislature. The
Board proceeded to erect the main building
according to the means at their disposal.
With no assurance of legislative aid, they
could not, with propriety, contract for lhe '
erection of such buildings as would have been
done if the fund for building purposes hsd been i
given at one and the same time. Notwith- i
standing this, the Board hope and believe, I
that the improvements which have been made i
and are new making, will be well adapted to t
promote the comfort of the pupils, and he I
completed at very reasonable rates. t
In taking a summary view of the year just t
past, we see much for encouragement in the <
labors in which we are engaged. With thank- t
.illness to the Giver of all good for lhe bless- i
‘ugs of the past, and an humble trust for the t
future, we will spare no exertion to make the i
Georgia Asylum what it was designed to bo, a <
blessing to the Deaf and Dumb. <
Respectfully submitted, j
I. N. Culbertson, Pres't. s
3. J. Johnson, Sec’y. i
Georgia Asylum, June 29. 1850. '
Electro-Magnet ism.
Professor Page, in the Lectures which he is
now delivering before the Smithsonian Institu
tion states that there is no longer any doubt of
the application of this power as a substitute
for steam. He exhibited the most imposing
experiments ever witnessed in this branch of
science. An immense bar of iron, weighing
one hundred and sixty pounds, was made to
spring up by magnetic action, and to move
rapidly up and down, dancing tike , raattrar 4w
the air, without any visible support. The
force operating upon this bar he stated to aver
age three hundred pounds through ton inches
ol its motion. He said he could raise this bar
one hundred feet as readily as through ten
inches, and he expected no difficulty iu doing
lhe same with a bar weighing one ton, or a
hundred tons. He could make a nile-driver,
or a forge hammer, with great simplicity, and
conld make an engine with a stroke of six,
twelve, twenty, or any number of feet.
The most beautifnl experiment we ever
witnessed was the loud sound and brilliant
flash from the galvanic spark, when produced
near a certain point in a great magnet; Each
snap was as loud as a pistol; and when he pro
duced the same spark ata little distance from
this point, it made no noise at all. This re
cent discovery he stated to have a practical
bearing upon the construction of an electro
magnetic engine. Truly, a great power is
here ; and where is the limit to it ?
He then exhibibited his engine of between
four and five horse power, operated by a bat
lery contained within a space of three cubic
feet. It looked very unlike a magnetic ma
chine. It was a reciprocating engine of two
feet stroke, and the whole engine and battery
weighed aboutone ton. When the power was
thrown on by the motion of a lever, the engine
started off magnificently, making one hundred
and fourteen strokes per minute ; though when
it drove a circular saw ten inches in diameter,
sawing up boards an inch and a quarter thick
into laths, the engine made about eighty strokes
per minute. There was great anxiety on the
part of the spectators to obtain specimens of
these laths, to preserve as trophies of this great
mechanical triumph.
The force operating upon his magnetic cyl
inder throughout the whole motion oftwo feet,
was stated to be six hundred pounds when the
engine was moving very slowly, but he had
not been able to ascertain what the force was
when the engine was running at a working
speed, though it was considerably less, Tbe
most important and interesting point, however,
is lhe expense ofthe power. Prof. Page sta
ted that he bad reduced the eost so far, that it
was less than steam under many and most con
ditions, though not so low as the cheapest
steam engines. With all the imperfections of
the eng ne, the consumption of three pounds
of zinc per day would prodace one horse pow
er. Tbe larger his engines, (contrary to what
has been known before) tne greater the econ
omy. Prof. Page was himself surprised at the
result. There were yet practical difficulties
to be overcome; the battery had yet to be im
proved; aud it remained yet to try the experi
ment ou a grander scale, to make a power of
one hundred horse, or more.
Truly the age ia fraught with wonders; and
we can now look forward with certainty to the
time when coal wi Ibe put to better use than
to burn, scald, and destroy.— Nat. Intelligencer.
Electro Magnetic Power.—We copied
yesterday from tbe National Intelligencer an
account of a very interesting and important
experiment in Electro Magnetic power, made
last week at Washington, by Prof. Page. Our
Washington correspondent also furnished a
very interesting account of the same. The
Intelligencer has the following paragraph res
pecting additional experiments made on Satur
day evening. The discoveries of Prof. Page
give every promise of immense practical im
portance, at the same time that they shed new
lustre upon the gsnius of our countrymen.
Ths third and last lecture of Prof. Page, at the
Sralclieonian Institute on Saturday evening, was nu
merously attended, and highly satisfactory. We
want no further proof of the availability of the Elec
tro-magnetic power for mechanical purposes. We
were not prepared for such a demonstration of power,
and we are not alone in our surprise and delight.
Men of science, skilful mechanics, and all seemed
as'oniebed at lhe rapid progression made in so short
a time.
We noticed Senator Benton present, and evidently
manifesting a lively interest in the developments of
Prof. Page. Tbe experiments were brilliant, rich,
and conclusive; and if Prof. Page should not ad
vance one step further, the country will be thankful
to Col. Benton for bis agency io bringing us up to
bis realization of such extraordinary capabilities of
galvanic power. But, in our own humble judgment,
it cannot stop here; and we trust that every facility
will be given to Prof. Pate to carry out bis experi
menu upon a scale as grand as that suggested by Mr.
Benton before tbe Senate.
It seems to us that lhe most direct way of legis
lating upon tbe safety of steamboats is to lest tbe
value of ibis highly promising motive power, and V
offer every reasonable encouragement for this and
any other motive power free from danger.
Eleotro-Magnetle Power.
The following are the remarks of Mr. Bea
ton In the U- 3. Senate, recently in reference
to the great invention of Prof. Page, now at
tracting anivereal attention:
Mr. B*bwb addressed th* Chair ahd said I
Th* tßurning business having been cut »ff far
aaveral days by the early takio* np of the
spacial order, he had bean prevented from ma
king a communication to tbe Senate on a sub
ject which belonged to that class of business,
and was important to be made, and was only
for information, and might answer as well in
the published debates, where those could read
it who pleased ; be would now consider it as
made, and would draw up what he had to ray,
and deliver it to the reporters, to be engrafted
i en the address to the Chair—on the words,
a “Mr. President.” Mr. Benton then sat down,
and wrote out for the reporters, as follows:
f Mr. President: The Senate will recollect
hat at the last session of Congress I presented
t memorial from Dr. Charles G. Page, setting
i forth “that he had discovered a mode ofapply
r ing electro-magnetic power to the purposes of
i navigation and locomotion, and as a general
r substitute for the dangerous agency of steam,"
i and that an appropriation of twenty thousand
i dollars had been made to enable him to test
his discovery by practical experiments. These
, experiments have been made, and Dr. Page
. deems il his duty to communicate these results
to Congress and tho country, and to do it in a
manner more satisfactory than by a mere writ
i ten repo-t to Congress. For this purpose he
i proposed to exhibit the resulis of hie experi
ments, and illustrate them by remarks and ex
planation; and, as the most suitable place, and
i at a time most convenient to tbe members of
Congress, officers of tne Government, and the
citizens, will exhibit bis experiments at the
Smithsonian Institute, in this city, to-morrow
' evening, Saturday, commencing at a quarter
before six o’clock.
The nratical question which has occupied
Dr. Page ia the question of cost —moneyed
cost—of producing thi* power. Its capacity
and applicability had been previously establish
ed—its capacity unlimited—its applicability
convenient and safe. But the great question
of cost remained, and that has been deemed
too great to admit of its use in the business
operations of th i country. In Europe the cost
has been held to be fifty times greater than tbe
cost of producing steam. Dr. Page, in a writ
ten communication, now in my hands, says
that he produces this power at a leas cost
than steam power can be produced. His words
ore: j”
“With the same size of battery, and much
less q|pet,-1 am enabled now to exert a force of
tix bßudred pounds where, little more than a
~ I obtained a force of only fifty
pouue.s. With a consumption of-
u- ..;._ap as the cheapest engine in the world,
and much cheaper than steam under some con
ditie as.”
Supposing Dr. Page to be right in this state
uWttf of the present cost of producing the
electro-magnetic power, the hitherto insupera
ble objection to its use aa a propelling pow
er is entirely obviated, and the cost actually
converted into a consideration in its favor. It
is nuw cheaper, and must become more so
when the demand for zinc shall occasion
that to be brought into market w hich is now
thrown away, as a refuse of lead ore, in the
vast lead tniues of Missouri and the Upper
Mississippi. Dr. Page now gives eight cents a
pound for the zine which he uses ; when a
demand is created for it, it may be furnished
for much less, and a: the same time open a
market for an article now thrown away.
3o much for comparative cost —the electro
magnetic power becoming an economy—a
moneyed economy—in its production. But
how many economics will follow from its use 7
Dr. Page enumerates them, putting at their
head, and justly, the economy of human life,
now so deplorably wasted by tbe dangers inci
dent to the use of steam. All danger from ex
plosion, and the main cause of danger from
conflagration, will be ayoided—a consumma
tion devoutly to be wished by every human
being. Other economies are thus stated. In
navigation—saving room iu the vessel, the en
gine aud battery requiring but little space, and
the fuel very compact compared to coal—do
ing away chimneys, smoke-stacks, and their
cumbrous fixtures—instantaneous communica
bility of the full power, so important in chang
ing course and avoiding collision—capacity to
run a blockade, making no noise and showing
no light, except at pleasure—simplicity in the
construction of vessels —diminution of insur
ance from absence of danger from explosions
and conflagrations, and less danger from colli
sions. Iu land carriage—no stoppages to take '
io wood or water, and saving the expense of '
all structures and attendance for such purpo- 1
see, one charge of the battery being sufficient
for twenty-four hours, or more—no danger to 1
cars or property from fires—diminution of in
surance from absence of danger from fire — '
comfort to passengers in freedom from smoke,
sparks, and ashes—safe entrance into towns 1
and cities from the absence of all the annoy- c
ances and dangers which result from the use I
of steam. Such are some of the economies ‘
claimed by Dr. Page, of which, one alone, that e
of human life, would give an immeasurable
preponderance to this power over that of ’
steam, if the cost of iu production should be
made near equal, much more if it should be i
made cheaper than steam, as Dr. Page avers '
it can be. All these points will be illustrated
to-morrow evening, when Dr. Page will run a '
circular saw. driven by an electro-magnetic '
battery of five horse power, and will exempli
fy in practical experiment all the advantages
and capabilities which he has claimed for this 1
new power
Mr. President, I take some pride in making I
this communication to the Senate I took the
risk of moving in the matter atthe last session,
and procuring the appropriation of S2O 000 to
cnahie Psge to go on with his esporirneiits.
I took the riaß—the rial: of it>«~rlir>oulo WhUR -
attends great projects ending iu failure. The
projector and his backers receive pitiless ridi
cule under such circumstances.
As a backer of Dr. Page, I have taken the 1
risk of this ridicule, and mean to take it still I
deeper. I mean 'o move another appropria
tion for Dr. Page—one that will enable him to 1
make an experiment on a scale commensurate 1
to the grandeur of the enterprise, the stake
which the human race has in its success, and 1
the wealth and power of the United States, to
whom iu first advantages and entire glory is to 1
redound, if successful. I shall move an appro- 5
priation to work a ship of war or a merchant
vessel by this new power, and deem the deci '
sion of the question worth all the money to be
expended, and all the risk of lhe ridicule to be •
incurred. If successful, it will be an advance
upon the use of steam power equal to the ad ■
vance of that power over sails, oars and
wheels. '
t
German Marriages.—Marriage in Germa- '
ny is preceded by the following forms and cer- I
emonies, and it is by no means an easy affair ‘
after all:
Ist, proposal; 2d, betrothal; 3d, a pu'ilio family
dinner or supper of announcement; 4ib, the tesii- '
monials required by government—being 1, a cenifi- !
cate of vaccination ; 2d, a week-day school ticket, in
proof of regular attendance there; 3d, a certificate
of attendance on a religious toaeher; 4th, certificate
of confirmation; Sth, a conduct certificate; 6th, a c
service book ; 7tb, a wander back (this refers tothn I
compulsory travels of tbe handicraft men;) Bth, an s
apprentice ticket; 9th, a statement as to propriety, f
which, if not considered to le satisfactory, destroys
the whole; 10, a permission from the parents; I lib, ;
a residence permission ticket; 12th, a certificate aa j
to tbo doe performance of militia duties; 13tb, an ,
eias-inaiion ticket; 14th, a ticket of business or oc- ;
cupation at tile time. The higher classes have even
more difficulties than these. Thus—a Bavarian offi
cer cannot marry until he has deposited enough to '
provide £4O per annum for the maintenance of hie ‘
future family.' I
Tkx Eastern Blofz of the Sierra Neve
da. —The fact that gold is found all along tbe
western border* of this chain of mountains,
is strong evidence that the eastern ride posses
ses the same rich deposits We have often
made inquiries of people who came over tbe
plains, concerning this region, but have been
unable to gain any information that would
srove beyond a doubt the existence of gold.
There mountains lie across the emigrants’
way, but by the time their overland trains
reach them, their provisions are nearly exhaus
ted, their team* worn down, and the tuost cu
rious and observing have not the means or
time to spare, to pursue any scientific investi
gations. All we have been able to learn, is,
that the country on the other side is similar to
that on this. The rising of the mountains is
gradual, but uneven and irregular; the geo
logical appearance of the earth resembles tbe
gold region of California; tbe quartz rock
abounds and deep and winding ravines inter
vene between the uneven heights. Two of
the principal streams beyond the mountains are
the Truckee River and Carson's Creek. They
are said to be as large as the American Fork,
and run east till they lose themselves in the
great desert. Reports have been circulated
in this country that the Mormons have found
gold in streams that empty into the Truckee
river, but we are not aware of their being
well founded. Californians have enough to
do in searching for the hidden treasures ot their
own eideof the mountains, and can well afford
to leave tbe other alone till the people of
seretsend ua more definite accounts of their
‘‘prospecting." — Sacramento Trans., Juns 291
We observe by our San Francisco files that
tbe establishment of a regular line of steam
ships between that port and China, via the
Sandwich Islands, is already spoken of, and
we should not be surprised if the next step to
wards civilization and refinement in the Paci
sic were the commencement of a regular line
of steamers betwe- n the chief city of Califor
nia and the Eastern world. This surplus pop
ulation of China would then find an outlet into
our possessions in the Pacific in almost as
great a ratio as that of Europe has long found
into the Atlantic States.
The success of the various lines of steam
ships which connect ’he Atlantic ports with
California has been unprecedented, and has
not failed to attract the attention of capitalists
in Europe, and the proprietors ofthe line of
steamers known as lhe British Royal steam
ship Company, running between England and
Mexico, the West India Islands. &c., have
accepted tenders for the immediate construc
tion of five magnificent Atlantic steamships
for performing the through voyages from
Boutbampton to tbe Isthmus of Panama.
The new vessels are to be named the Oronoco,
Magdelena, Demarara, Amazon and Panama,
of a tonnage of 2250 ton* each and 750 horse
power.
With easy modes of transit across the Isth
mus of Panama, wbieh will soon be be accom
plisbed by either canal or railroad, a* the plea
sure of tbe traveller may dictate, the trip either
from Eorope or the Atlaaiie States te Califor
nia will be perfarmed with eaae end comfort
in a shorter space of time than was formerly
occupied in making the passage from America
to Liverpool.
Dr. Judson, the missionary, ia not likely to
Ilive long, it is said. He has left his station for
the Isle of Bourbon for hi* health His wife,
,* Fanny Forrester," did not accompany him.
VOL.LXTV—NEW SERIES VOL.XIV—NO. 34.
CONGRESSIONAL.
I - ■
PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESS.
Correspondence of the Baltimore American.
In Senate •/ August 10.
On motion of Mr. Dickinson, the Senate
took up the House bills making appropriations
for Revolutionary Pensions and for Navy Pen
sions. Both were passed without opposition.
Mr. Soule called up the bill fur the estab
lishment of a line of mail steamers from New
Orleans to Vera Cruz. He said it was impor
tant that the bill should be pasaed immediately,
as he had just lean ed that the British steamers
from Mobile to Vera Cruz had discontinued
carrying our mails.
After some debate, tho matter was postponed,
and oa motion of Mr Douglas, the bill for the
admission of California was taken up.
Mr Yulee having still the floor, resumed his
speech against the bill.
House.
A message was received from the Senate,
accompanied by the bill for the settlement of
the boundary question with Texas. It now
lies with the business on the Speaker’s table.
The House will probably proceed to its con
si deration on Monday. It would have re
quired the unanimous consent of the House
to proceed to its consideration to-day, but on
Monday a suspension of the rule, which re
quire* a two-third vote only, will acooiupluh
the matter.
The House resolved itself into Committee
of the Whole, and resumed the consideration
of the Civil and Diplomatic Appropriation
Bill.
.Mr Houston, of Del. concluded his speech
in defence of the President’s late Message.
Mr. Moore'hen took the floor. He main
tained that the President was bound by every
sense of duty to lay before Congress and the
country, such a message, after the threat made
Jiy t rf'.LjUAi am. wugin ,i.. rt a. lfc> .
force of arms ofthe Territory conquered from
Mexico iu tbe late war. He said it would be
the duty of the President to maintain, by the
military force of tbe country, authority over
the territory, which Texas had set up a pre
tension to. There was never a more baseless
claim than that by Texas. He would not vote
one dollar to that State as a consideration for
the relinquishment of the Territory in dispute ;
but would be willing to settle the matter by
voting her the money as a consideration for
the custom duties which had been relinquish
ed by the act ot annexation And so tar as
be was concerned, shonld Texas commit one
overt act of aggression against tbe U. States,
all peaceable negotiations should ba a' an end.
Mr. Haralson addressed the House an hour
upon the Slavery question generally, and in
opposition to the views of the President in re
gard to lhe Texas boundary.
Mr. Peaslee offered an amendment to the
bill to provide for tbe payment ofthe claims of
New Hampshire for intererest on advances
made by that State to the United State*. He
addressed the House in favor of the proposi
tion.
Mr. Woodward then spoke an hour to show
the difference between the Clayton Compro
mise Bill and the Omnibus Bill, in regard to
slavery in the Territories, and to show the su
periority of the former over the latter in giv
ing protection to the rights of the South. He
defended the title of Texas to all the territory
claimed by her.
Mr. Carey then moved that the Committee
rise. The Committee rose accordingly.
Mr. Schenck moved the usual resolution to
close debate at 2 o’clock Tuesday on the Civil
and Diplomatic Bill. Pending this question,
The House adjourned till Monday.
Il* Senate AtrovsT 12.
After some unimportant morining business.
The California bill was taken up. Tho
question was on the motion of Mr. Turney to
amend by substituting the proposition offered
to the Omnibus by Mr. Soule.
Mr. Soule spoke in support of the amend
ment.
Mr. Foote replied briefly, and remarked up
on au expression used by the Senator, which
he characterized as seditious, and worthy of a
Danton or Marat. The Senator had de
dared that lhe South would not submit to this
hill, and that if she submitted she would le
debased, and her people only fit to be
slave.
Mr. Soule explained that what he did say
was this i “ Do you suppose." he had asked,
“that the South will submit to all these ag
gressions? If they did. the masters of slaves
wore fit to be slaves themselves.”
Further explanations took place, and the
question was then taken. The amendment
wae rejected—veas 20, nays 30.
Mr. Berrien took the floor. His duty to his
State and to her particular relations to this
subject, rendered it necessary for him to speak
on this suject. He proceeded to state his ob
jections to tho bill at great length.
Mr. Foote commented on some remarks of
the Senator from Georgia unon those who
acted the part of censors upon the sentiments
expressed by the Senator Mr. Foote denied
rirar he had played tha p«rt of censor. He had
freely commented, in a fit manner, upon the
arguments and views of Senators. He had
said nothing in disparagenumt of lhe resolu
tions of the legislature of Georgia, which the
gentleman had so ably defended.
Mr. Cass vindicated bis doctrines, in regard
to the power of the government over territo
ries.
The debate wae continued by Messrs. Ber
rien. Csss, and John Davis-
Mr Jefferson Davis moved to postpone the
bill till to-morrow, at 12 o’clock. Lost: yea
20 nays 31.
Mr. Foote moved to lay tbe bill on tho table.
Lost—yeas 19, nays 32.
The bill was ordered to be engrossed. Yeas
32 to nays 18.
Yeas —Baldwin, Bell, Benton, Bradbury,
Bright, Cass. Chase, Cooper, Davis of Mass.,
D.ckinson. Dodge of Wis.. Dodge of lowa,
Douglass, Ewing, Felch, Hale. Hamlin. Hous
ton, Miller, Norris, Phelps, Seward, Shields,
Bmitti, Spruance, Sturgeon, Underwood,
Upbam, Wales, Walker, Wbitoomb, and Win
throp.
Nays— Atchison. Barnwell. Berrien, Butler,
Clemens Davis of Mis*., Dawson, Duwns,
Fuote, Hunter, King, Morton. Pratt, Rusk,
Sebastian, Soule, Turney and Yulee.
House,
Mr. Harris, ofTenn., asked the unanimous
consent of the House to introduce a resolution
providing for the adjournment of the present
session of Congress on lhe second Monday of
September next. Objected to by several.
Mr. Potter, by unanimous consent, reported
a bill to establish certain mail routes in the
United States, which was read and ordered to
he crimed aud referred te the Committee of the
Whole.
Mr Meade, of Va., asked the unanimous
consent of lhe House to introduce a resolution
expressive of the sense of the House thatthe
Presideat of the U States should avoid any
action which is calculated to result in a collis
ion between the 3 exans and lhe U Slates
troops; and that he should await such legisla
tion as Congress may adopt in reference to th*
territorial claim of the Stale of Texas.
Mr. Carterand others objected to the intro
duction of the resolution.
The House adopted a resolution to elose de
bate on F May next at 12 o’clock in Commit
tee of the Whole on the Civil and Diplomatic
Appropriation Bill.
On motion by Mr. Ashman, the Home re
solved itself into Committee of the Whole,
(Mr. Burt in the Chair,) and resumed the con
sideration of the civil and diplomatic apprepri
ation bill.
Mr. Carey, who was enli’led to the floor,
addressed lhe House upon the subject of lhe
Tariff of 1846; contending that the iron in
terest of the country had been broken down
by it. He presented many statistics, to show
that that interest in Penn'ais in a most languish
ing condition. He denounced lhe conduct of
Mr. Buchanan, aud the democratic party ge
nerally, in regard to the tariff; arguing that
their free trade policy had brought upon the
manufacturing interest of the country, the ruin
of which he complained.
Mr. Giddings addressed the House against
the Texas boundary bill. He said it gave Tex
as 40,000 square mile* more territory than she
wa* entitled to ; that it gave her territory more
than the area of lhe State of Ohio ; and be
tides that, gave her $10,000,000 to keep the
peace. He was told that that bill was to pass,
and by administration vote*. As a whig be
'would never support it. He sustained the
"principles of the President’s recent message.
Mr. Jones, of Tenn., made a speech touch
ing the condition of the finances of the Go
vernment; he showed that the -amount neces
sary to supply the appropriations, exclusive ot
that for the Post Office Department, was not
less than $47,230,000; aud inclusive of that
$52,450,000, which was to be taken from the
pockets of the people. He advocated a sy
tem of retrenchment and economy. Adjourned.
In Senate Auousr 13.
The bill to make donations of public lands
to actual sellers was taken up, and Mr. Walker
spoke at length in its support.
The bill was postponed till to morrow.
The California bill was taken up on it* third
reading-
Mr. Jefferson Davis, who had taken tbe floor
yesterday addressed the Senate at considerable
length. He stated bis objection* to lhe billon
several grounds.
Why, be asked, were northern men urging
the admission of California ? It was not to
promote their manufactures, for California
would be for free trade. It was not to preserve
political power, because the North had a ma
jority already. Tbe only purpose, was there
fore, to commit an aggression upon tbe South
If there was now danger tu the Union, it was
because the North had acted unjustly to iht
South ; and thi* was the healing measure that
was proposed. The remonsiranaoa of tbe
Soatb were met with indifference or content.
Thi* was a eonttitutioual Union—and ibose
who attempted to overthrow the constitution,
ware tbe real dienniatueto. Wa stand an th*
verge ofon ect that will form an era in our his
tory At a moment of unparalleled sxciterneat
we ere about to do an aet that will overthrow
tbe balance of power. Tbe consequence;
could be foreseen.
For hi* own part, he felt obliged :o resist lhe
measure as one pregnant withcooeequence»
lata! to the Union. He was instructed by the
Legislature of his Slate to oppose this bill, and
he oouiidered ita* tantamount to the Wilmot
I Proviso, Hud in a lorm mute u W j 6 t.i uu «j I >,
, He gave his solemn warning against the con
. summation of thia act He used no menace,
' but he warned the majority not to look to the’
, South as a field where victoriea were to be
; won without coat.
Mr. Clemens gave a summary of hia objec
tions to the bill—the informality of the pre
j cedence, &.c. Whatever his State should do
‘he would do. He would obey her commands.
1 States were not subjects of the action of the
government This government could not, if
it tried, subdue one State ; but they would
have the whole fourteen against them, be
fore long.
Mr. Houston vindicated his vote in support
of the bill
Mr. Barnwell replied to some portion of
Mr. Houston's remarks, and vindtoated the
Nashville Convention.
After some further conversation the bill
was passed—yeas 34 nays 18, as follows :
Yeas—Messrs. Baldwin, B-11, Benton,
Bradbury. Bright, Cass. Chase, Cooper, Davis,
of Mass., Dickinson Dodge, of Win . Dodge,
of lowa, Douglas, Ewing, Fetch, Greene,
Hale, Hamlin. Houston Jones Miller, Norris,
Phelps, Sewird. Shields, Smith, Spruance,
Sturgeon. Underwood, Upham,WWat,i t,
Walker, Winthrop, Whitcomb— 34.
Nays Messrs Atchison Barnwell, Ber
rien, Butler, Clemens. Davis, of Miss., Daw
son, Foote, Hooter, King. Morton Pratt,
ftusa, Sebastian. Soule, Turney, Yulee—lß.
Mr. Butler, from a portion of the minority,
tsked leave to offer a protest to-morrow, to be
entered on the journals.
Mr Douglas moved co take up the bill to
establish the territory of New Mexico It
was read a second lime and postponed tit) to
morrow.
Some remarks were made by Mr. Foote, Mr.
Butler and others, on the order of proceeding.
VI r. Foote said the bill could be passed in two
hours. There was not likely to be any more
debate.
Mr. Butler said he had intended to urge the •
fugitive slave bill.
abe bill respgcuug New Mexico was taken
up, and postponed till to-morrow.
The Senate then adjourned.
House.
The House became Involved in a dis
cussion on a proposed amendment to one of
the rules of its proceedings, in the course of
the sitting, when finally it went into Commit
tee of the Whole and took up the Civil and
Diplomatic Bill.
Mr. Seddon occupied the floor in an argu
ment against the principles of the President's
Message relative to the Texas boundary. After
he had concluded,
Mr Ashman obtained the floor, but yielded
it to a motion that the Committee rise. The
Committee rose accordingly, and the House
a; naif past three o'clock adjourned.
In SenateAaoosT 14.
Mr. Hunter presented a protest against the
admission of California as a State and moved
that it be received and entered on the journal.
The paper was read.
Mr. John Davis, Mr Foote, and Mr. Bald
win, opposed the motion.
Mr. Benton said the names of the signers of
the paper had not been read, and it was a mere
abstraction.
The names were read as follows— Messrs.
Atchison, Barnwell, Butler, Davis, of Miss.,
Hunter, Mason, Morton, Soule. Turney and
Yulee.
Mr. Winthrop admitted the right of petition,
but not of protest. He admitted that the South
had cause for irritation at the admission of
California.
Mr. Berrien gave as a reason for not sign
ing the paper, that his legislature had taken a
stand ou the subject, and it was not necessary
that he should interpose an opinion.
Messrs. Shields, Hunter, and Jefferson Da
vis supported the motion.
Mr. Downs opposed the motion and gave
some views against the arguments of the pro
test.
Mr. Pratt wa* proceeding to comment on th*
protest, when Mr. Hunter and Mr. Butler da
ted that he had misconceived it Mr. Pratt
said he would move to postp. ne the subject, in
order to afford time to examine the paper.
The motion was postponed.
The Seuate took np the bill to establish a
territorial government.
Mr. Douglas moved a provision fixing the
boundaries, with a provision also that the pro
visions of the act shall be suspended till the
disputed boundary bill shall be settled.
Mr Benton offered an amendment striking
out the clause suspending the act, and confin
ing its operation to that part of New Mexico
that was settled when the cession took place.
A debate followed, in which Mr. Benton,
Mr. Chase. Mr. Bradbury, and other* took
part.
The debate was continued by Mr. Douglass,
Mr. Winthrop, and others, when Mr.Bemon'e
amendment was rejected. Yeas 8, nays 31,
Tbe amendment offered by Mr. Douglas
was then agreed to.
Mr. Foote offered an amendment providing
that any Sate created out of the territory be
1 admitted with or without slavery, as the peo
ple may choose. Agreed to w
lows:
Yeas—Messrs. Baldwin, Bradbury. Bright
Chase, Cooper. Davis, of Mass., Dodge, of
Wis,, Felch, Hale, Hamlin, Miller, Norris,
Phelps, Shields, Smith, Upham, Walker, Whit
comb, Winthrop—2o
Nays—-Messrs Atchison, Badger, Bell, Ben
ton Berrien, Case, Davis of Miss., Dawson,
Dodge, of lowa, Downes, Foote, Houston,
Hunter. Jones, King, Mangum, Mason, Mor
ton, Pratt, Rusk, debas ian, Soule, Sturgeon,
Underwood, Wales.—2s.
The Bill was reported and amendments
concurred in.
The Bill was ordered to be engrossed for •
third reading, without a division.
After a short Executive session the Senate
adjourned.
House.
The House passed by a vote of 113 to
47, the amendment reported yesterday bv the
Committee on Rules, to restrict debate in Com
mittee of the Whole under trie five minute rule.
Mr Ashman moved that tbe House proceed
to the business on the Speaker’s table; where
now lie the bills passed by the Senate to ad
just the Texas boundary question, to admit
Calif.rnia as a State into the Union, and to
establish a territorial government for the Ter
ritory of Utah. The House refused, by a vote
of 8(1 in the affirmative to 102 in the negative,
to go lo tbe business on the Speaker’s table
The House then received itself into Com
mittee of the Whole, (Mr. Burt, in the Chair,)
and resumed the consiceration of the civil and
tile diplomatic bill
Mr. Ashmun. who was entitled to the floor,
addressed the House in defence of the opin
ion* of the President in hi* recent message in
regard to the Texas boundary controversy.
He was followed by Mr, Toombs, of Geor
gia, in opposition to the views of the Presi
dent.
Mr. Stevens, of Pa., obtained the floor, and
contended that und r the Treaty with Mexico
the Preaid nt waa compelled to protect the
people of New Mexico against the aggressions
of Texas.
Mr. Duer then obtained the floor but yield
ed io a motion that the committee rise. The
committee rose when the House adjourned.
I u be A boost 18.
bln the Senate to-day, after considerable de
ate. the question if the reception of the Pro
test of ten Senators against tbe passage of the
California bill was laid upon the table by th*
following vote:
Yeasr— Messrs. Badger, Benton, Bradbury,
Bright, Chase, Cooper, Davis of Maas , Dodge
of Wis„ Downs, Greene. Hamlin, Houston,
Miller, Norris, Phelps, Pratt, Smith, Under
wood, Upham, Wales, Walker and Winthrop,
—22.
Nays—Messrs. Atchison, Barnwell Berrien,
Butler, Cass, Davi* of Miss., Dawson, Dickin
son, Dodge of lowa, Huuter, Mason, Morton,
Rusk, Sebastian, Shields, Soule, Sturgeon,
Turney and Yulee—l9.
The bill to establish a Territorial Govern*
ment in the Territory of New Mexico was
pa-sed by tbe following vote:
Yeas—Messrs. Atchison, Badger, Benton,
Berrien, Bradbury. Bright, Cass, Cooper,
Dawson, Dodge of lowa, Douglass, Down*.
Felch, Houston, Hunter, King, Mangum Ma
son, Norns, Pratt, Rusk, Sebastian. Shields,
Sturgeon, Underwood, Wales and Whitcomb,
—27.
Nays—Messrs. Chase, Davis of Massachu
setts, Dodge of Wis., Greene, Hamlin, Miller,
Phelps, Upham. Walker and Winthrop—lo.
Tbe fugitive slave bill was made the special
order for Monday next at 12 o’clock, until
which day the Senate adjourned, for necessary
relaxation after their late arduous session.
House.
Mr. Bowie presented the memorial of Ed
ward Stabler and Olbera, of Montgomery coun
ty, Md., praying an appropriation of $25 000
for the erection of a plank road through the
District of Columbia to the Montgomery lino.
On motion by Mr. Bayly the rules were sue*
pended and the House resolved itself into
Committee of the Whole, (Mr. Burt io the
chair) and resumed the consideration of the
Civil and Diplomatic Appropriation Bill.
Mr Duer, who was eutitled to the floor, ad
dressed the House an hour, in support of the
views of the President in regard to the Texas
boundary question. He argued that the Con
stitution, which made it the duty of the Presi
dent to see the federal laws faithfully executed,
also gave him full power over the Army and
Navy to enable him to execute them * here
there was obstruction or resistance to the laws.
It was true that the IftOalitutioa gave him
no right, although the law ot 17V6 did. to call
upon the militia of die (suites to aid the Fede
ral Executive to enforce the law. The right,
by the Constitution, to call out the mibtia,
however, was vested with Congress—and Con
gress, in virtue of that right, had passed the law
of 1726. The treatv with Texas being a law
such as it was the duty of the President to see
enforced, benee his right te oall w hie aid the
military power te enforce khat law. Ho eX
pressed himself in favor es the Texas bill. He
was willing, in accordance with the recom
mendation of the President, to vote for a settle
fount of this question. He was willing to vote
$ 10.000.V00 lor the put pose, although it might
oe characterized with an imputation ol pur
chasing a peace.
Mr McLaue, of Md., followed in a speech
of considerable leogth, in which he reviewed
the late message of ths President. He alluded