Newspaper Page Text
BY WILLIAM S. JONES.
JOB PBMIXG lESTABLISUMEXT
Railroad Bank Buildings, Broad-St• -
JOB PRINTING
EVERY DESCRIPTION, AND
In the Best Style afthe Art,
PLAIN OR FANCY COLORS, NXKCUTKD AT THIS
OFFICB—BMBRACING SUCH AS I
Business Cards* Hand Bills, any size.
Show Cards* Urge. Posters, “ 41
Receipts, Warehouse, Show Bills,
Railroad, Dray, Ac. Books, Pamphlets.
Bill Heads, Blanks of all kinds,
Bank Cheeks, Notes of Hand,
Bonds, Certificates, Labels for Druggists,
Ac., dfcc., 4tc.
Law Blanks always on hand, or executed to order
Ths Proprietor of the Chboniclb and Sts- |
tinelJ assures hrs friends and the public that their
orders for any thing in the Job Printing line will
be executed in the nest manner, and at as low rate?
as at any other establishment.
TO PERSONS AT A DISTANCE.
, »N. B.—Our friends, residing in any part of the
•euotry, requiring Printed Handbills, or any ether
kind of printing, can send their orders by tna4. All
will be promptly and neatly executed, at the lowest
prieM, and forwarded by first opportunity to the des
tiaaiisn indicated. We shall be pleased to receive
its orders of our friends. Address
WM. S. JONES, Augusta, Ga.
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
JUST RECEIVED at ths
AGRICULTURAL WARE
fISSIBMMb HOUSE, Augusta, a lot of Choice
PLOUGHS, consisting of Double Mould Board, Hili
Side, Subsoil, Eagle Self-sharpening, and one and two
Worse Ploughs of all descriptions. Also, Cylindrical
Okums, Corn Shelters, Corn Planters, Straw Cutters
•rain Cradles, Road Scrapers, Manure Porks 1
Trasks, Ac., Ac.
mhlS-w CARMICHAEL A BEAN
SPRING HU4, MACHINE GMGF.
A POR BUILDING AND REPAIRING
kinds of COTTON AND WOOL MA
making larre SCREWS AND
GEARING, ofall kinds—TURNING IRON,
WOOD, Ao.,
ALSO, WOOL CARDED AND BATTED,
six SKjeefrom Augusta, on the Louisville road,where
the proprietors will be grateful for all orders—or they
san bo left at C. A. A M. H. WILLIAMS’S, Augus
ta—or directed to Richmond Factory P. O.
d2O-tf HAO* A DUVAL
HATS, CAPS AND BONNETsT
SPRING AND SUMMER FASHIONS, 185®.
_ E. L. FERRY A CO. would
invite the attention of Merchants to their
extensive assortment of
HATS, CAPS AND BONNETS,
embracing every variety of style adapted to the sea
son, and ia part 000 si sting of
Mens’ and Boys’ Panama HATS;
•• 44 Leghorn and Palm HATS;
*• 11 Rough and Ready Braid HATS,
with every variety of Russia Pur and Heaver Hats,
of the new Spring Fashion.
Abe, Ladies’ Fancy Straw BONNETS;
• 4 Pearl and Chip Do.;
«• fancy and plain Leghorn BONNETS
with a variety of other styles. All of which will be
•fared low, and on reasonable terms. Call at E. L.
Pkibv A Co ’a Store, Augusta, Ga,. near the Man
nion House. fe27-w
TO THOSE WHO NEED THEM.
DR. w * R * BAT "
TLE’S newly invented
% JARDOMINAL SUP<
\ tJFj J PORTER and HERNIAL
x3E/ TRUSS, patented Jan. 22d,
1850. Thia Instrument is
recommended to the atten
ticn <x die Medical Faculty
89 wcl * as all who may be
unfortunate as to require
their use, as combining advantages over every thing
of the kind whieh the ingenuity of man has hereto
fore designed for these purposes. They are so con
structed as to fulfil every purpose that can be re
quired either as a supporter for the relaxed muscles
of the abdomen or for Hernia or rupture, requiring
only a change es pads for either purpose. It is also a
superior riding brace. The Instruments are made of
the best material, and in the most faithful manner.
The Springs are plated throughout with silver to pre
vent rusting out, and iron rusting linen. They are
■ot liable to get out of order, and are believed to be
the most durable and economical, as well as the most
•omfortablo instruments that can be produced.
They can be seen or had at Haviland, Risley &
•e.’s. Jel2-d£wtf W. R. BATTLE.
CjT Ladies* Supporters for sale by Mrs.
KENRIt*, at the Globe Hotel. je2l -ts
LIVERY STABLES,
MADISON, GEORGIA.
HARKALL A HARRIS
beg leave to announce to
*- their friends in Madison and
.wr. w.,— the travelling Public gene- J}*
rally, that they have opened the above STABLES,
and that they intend to keep as fine CARRIAGES,
BUGGIES and HORSES, ascan be found in any
Stables —with careful drivers Citizens of Madiaoi?
and strangers visiting Madison, by coming to us will
always find ready accommodation, to go any where
they wish on reasonable terms.
Madison. lan W 1880 ts
THE CUNNINGHAM MILLS
AOGU3TA, GEO.
form their friends and the public generally, in South
Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia, (with
whom they expect to trade largely in wheat, Ac.,) that
they have about completed these superior Mills, and
shall be ready to buy wheat, as soon as the approach
ing crop is secured and put in order tor market.
We respectfully recommend planters noc to allow
wheat to ripen too ranch before cut, nor then stay in
the field too long before threshed out, and well can
ned, when out, beforo sending to market. They will
find this course much to their interest.
We Write all who may have good wheat to sell,
to offer us their lots, by sample or as may
suit them. e
To those wanting superior Flour we will say,
we shall be able to supply such as we have furnished
the past winter and spring, which shall speak for it
self. Ws shall also make the different grades of
Flour, according to quality of wheat used, Ae.
Having Stores at Greensboro, Dalton and Rome,
Ga , well supplied with most articles wanted by
families, and are prepared to furnish Threshers,
Horse-powers, Mill-stones, Smut Machines, Bolting
Cloths, and all Mill-gearing, Ac. Also, Fairbank’s
Patent Seales, of all kinds; Cook and other Stoves;
Implements and Machinery generally, including the
latest improvements. We invite all in want of any
ouch articles, to call on ua for Information, Ac., and
we shall be happy to furnish all ordered ; warranted
to be as represented, and on the best terms. Wo
shall have a supply of Seed Wheat; Buck Wheat
and Rut* Bags Seed.
JOHN CUNNINGHAM, Greensboro*
S. D. LINTON, Augusto,
C. T. CUNNINGHAM, Dalton.
Add revs S. D. Linton A Co., Augusta; J. Caa
ningham A Co., Greensboro; C. T. Cunningham &
Ov , Dalton, and Cunningham A Linton, Rome,
J* .
RXJBEN RICH’S PATENT CBNTRB
VENT WATER WHEEL.
CAUTION. --Having been informed that a cer
tain person named REED, is vending a Water
Wheel upon which the water is conducted by means
of a spiral scroll, as upon “ Reuben Rich’s Patent
Centre Vent,*’ we hereby notify and caution the
public, that wo will prosecute, in all instances, for
any evasion or infringement upon said patent, both
the maker and party using, and will be thankful for
any information referring us to parties thus treeless
tag. GIN DRAT A CO.
Montgomery, Ala., June 11,1850.
Jetl-tf
MAGNIFICENT ASSORTMENT OF
PIANO FORTES.
THE SUBSCRIBERS have now on hand,
the largest and moot choice collection of PI
ANO FORTES, ever offered for sale iu this city,
which are well worthy the inspection of al) persons
who wish a superior article; all of these having been
personally selected by one cf the firm, from he fol
lowing eminent manufacturers:
BACON A RAVEN, NEW YORK,
DUBOIS A SEABURY, NEW YORK,
A. H. GALE A CO., NEW YORK, and
BALLET, DAVIS A CO., BOSTON.
This Stock comprises a full and well varied as
aortrnent of six, six and a half, six and three quar
tan and seven octave PIANOS, in handsome Rose
wood and Mahogany cases of every style and price,
from the neat, plain and durable six octave to the
elegant centre aAven octave instrument.
The above are all accompanied with a written
guarantee as to their perfect durability, so that there
Mi no risk whatever io the purchasers. The great
satisfaction they have always given for years past, to
gather with the gold and silver medals awarded them
by the various “ Mechanic Institutes” throughout
the country, auflnieetly allset their merit and greet
superiority. Te meetion the diatinguielied musical
aniau who her. aeleoled them in preference for their
performances, would be to entinwrete nearly alt who
bare visited thia country. many of whom hare given
voluntary iMtimtwieto in their favor, whieh apace
dues not allow uMt precoat to publish.
N. B. Piano Fortes tuned and repaired in the bee
■Manar.
N. B.—For eale at the lowest price., lor cant or
ally acceptances, at
GKO. A. OATES A CO.’S
Piano, Book and Music Depot, Broad-sc , between
C. S. and Globe Hotel.. my 3
PIANO FORTES, MUSIC. AC.
CHARLES CATLIN & CO.,
NEAR THE UNITED STATES
HOTEL, Augusta, Ga., are the only
M • W V 3 authorised Agent, for Chickering’a
elobrated
IRON MAMBO PIANO FORTES.
Also, for there made by Nunn’s 4 Clark, and Adam
Vbadard.
The superiority and wide-spread celebrity of these
Instruments render any special reference to them
taacoo—ary. The univcrexl satisfaction that they
tare giren is this market, for more than 15 ream, is
end evidence of their danbilky.
Their work is always large and fell, comprising
eery rariety and style of 6, 6|, 6| and 7 octree
IANOS, which they wiU sell at the tow sot vac
oar rucca, (vary iog from <2OO to <500,) and war
art them wound and perfect in every respect.
Their stock es MUSIC is large, and they receire
eah supplies every week nf all new publications as
»n as they are issued.
AU orders for Pianos, Muwc, Tidies, Guitars,
lutes. Aooordsons, 4e., de., will receire prompt
ad earefo! atteation, and will be warranted te please
erery respect.
MELODEONS.
They also hare a complete assortment of Prince A
X*s MELODEONS. The Key Board is precisely
—me aa the Piano or Organ ; and the tone closely
se ambles that of the Flule-etop of the Organ, and »
aSeieatly loud for email Churches. They vary in
,*ieefonmtsoto«loo.
„ JEWELRY.
CHARLES CATLIN keeps for sale at the same
a large Stock of fine WATCHES, JEWEL
RY and SILVER. WARE, to which be invitee the
am . rise rs the public. mh2B
HATS— FALL STYLE. 1850.
Ma*?® s** our Pall n
Style HATS, for ISSO. Just received a few Jg
J I--—L - ■ - - .1 .. HUE 111 IL-- -1 - • - - " ' ~ .
/T fl Mil gj
4JB dfl llljsk H kI 4 11 4 H 10/ fl ij| M ! il Mil M
® 14 iH Mx IKa 1 O O I H i H • I i i I J H Ikllk/ a / O 1 fl Hil iff /SI
WUhI w rwrf
THE WEEKLY
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
SELECTED POETRY.
Prom the Arthur*t Home Gazette.
THE EARL Y W A LK.
BY MRS. MARY ARTHUB.
We have come from the wild-wood, mother,
With flowers and fruit for you ;
They are lovely and bright with their own pure I'ght,
And sparkling with early dew —
Oh ! our walk was so gay—so glad, mother.
Away from the dusty town,
By the meadow way—where the waters phy,
And the sun shines softly down.
It was scarcely light when we rose, mother,
At first from our little bed—
And the sun rose higher, with his glance of fire,
As our morning prayers we said—
And I think the prayers we prayed, mother,
Drew gladness along our way.
Our hearts were so lull of the beautiful,
So loving, and free, and gay.
At first we eame to the wood, mother,
It all was green, and still,
For a shadow fell along the dell,
From the overhanging hill;
But the birds were.all awake, mother,
And bnsy as birds could be,
As they flew in the bush, from bush to bush,
Or into some towering tree.
Then the sunshine flashed o’er the bill, mother,
And glimmered alongthe vale.
And there came a glow, and a music flow,
Where before were shadows pale;
It seemed as if all things waited,
To catch his living ray,
Ere they poured their IP of joy and stag,
Out forth to the opening day.
And amidst the music, mother,
We gathered onr basket full
Os the flowers fair and the berries rare,
That grow by the streamlet cool.
And now we have reached our home, mother,
They are yours for a single kiss—
For our mother’s love the charm shall prove
Os even a walk like this.
YOU WILL FORGET MB.
Forget thee I when the valley stream
Forgets its pebbled path ;
The flower that droops above the wave
Each pleasing hue it hath ;
When morn forgets the eastern sky,
Or noon her glorious god,
Or eve the soft delicious dew,
That cools her fragrant sod.
If hearts are held as blessings be,
Thy memory shall pass from mo.
Forget thee I ’twas a thought unkind,
It breathed not friendship’s strain,
But rather told of fickleness,
Os vow and promise vain.
Recall it 1 for a future hour—
God speed it bright and near!
Shall prove to tbee bow false it was,
And I, how all sincere.
For only when I silent be,
Thy memory shall pass from me.
MISCELLANEOUS LITE
RATURE.
For the Chronicle and Sentinel.
A Ramble Westward,
Mr. Editor:—The following “sketches by
the way,” are respectfully submitted for a place
in the columns of your valuable paper, when
ever you may find it convenient to insert them
without excluding more interesting matter.
Willing to employ a few days yet left of our
summer vacation in an agreeable ramble to the
westward of our lovely ‘‘village in the woods,”
I determined to take the great Fair of the
Southern Central Association at Atlanta, in
my route. Here an immense multitude of
visitors from the extremes of the Slate, with
many from the surrounding sister States, had
assembled to witness the most beautiful, diver
sified, and extensive collection of specimens in
the various departments of Agriculture, Manu
factures, Mechanics and the Fine Arts, which
Southern genius and industry have ever, per
haps, concentrated at any one spot. Although
the preparatory arrangements made for the
occasion, were, probably, under the circum
stances, as ample and appropriate a, could
have been anticipated, yet they failed to afford
the requisite facilities, for a full and satisfactory
display of the rich contributions which were
sent in from all quarters, for the disposition of
the several committees. The main building,
though of respectable proportions, proved in
entheient,e<mitortaoiy io accommodate the un
expected masses which thronged it—while the
want of light, together with an imperfect ven
tilation, subtracted largely from the pleasure
of inspection. Os these matters, however,we
are far from complaining. The generous citi
xeusof Atlanta did mueh, —very much to pre
pare for this fir*t annual exhibition in their
midst, and to accommodate the wants of the
multitude; but, neither they, nor the mana
gers, I apprehend, looked for the overflow
with which they were visited.
These remarks, then, are deferentially made,
and in view of future improvements. And
here, en fan ant, may I be allowed, as the re
sult of some observation and reflection, most
respectfully and unobtrusively to suggest to
those on whom may devolve the duties of pre
paratien for the next annual meeting, whether
it might not very much promote the interests
of the Fair, and the convenience of visitors,
and also prevent much confusion, and eften
tedious search, to divide lhe long counters on
either side, into 6 orß compartments, each con
nected with a separate Mali, within which a
certain class of articles, only, shall be deposited
for show ; —every stall to be number'd by large
figures painted on wood or paste-board, and
suspended over it, so aa to be seen throughout
the room—thus, 1. 3. 3,4, &.c. Then to intro
duce a long counter, passing longitudinally
through lhe centre of the build'ng, furnished
in the simplest way, partly, or throughout its
entire length—aa a shou>-case, within which,
under a suitable classification, shall be inclosed
thejieerand more delicate articles, left in depo
sit: thus allowing free examination, but pre
venting the poestbility of intrusion or injury.
And, lastly, on the day previous to the public
exhibition, when lhe classification has been
completed, and lhe stal's numbered, to have a
few hundred hand bille struck, announcing at
least in general terms, the description of arti
cles to be found within each stall, aa numbered.
These, when circulated, would enable visitors
to proceed at once to that portion of the enclo
sure, which contained the articles of most in
terest to them. A similar arrangement, would,
I cannot but believe, be made happily available
in the department of livestock, mechanical im
provements, dec. These views, however dif
fidently submitted, and to which the writer is
by no means wedded, may at least, it is hoped,
invite attention to tome more systematic ar
rangements for lhe future. But to pursue
this digression no farther. The excessive beat
and the unwieldy masses of human beiags who
thronged the streets and thoroughfares of thia
young city, as wall as the buildings and ground
appropriated to the exhibition, interfered ma
terially with tha comforts of the physical tnau,
to which a milder temperature, and a less nu
merous throng would have largely contributed.
This inconvenience, however, was more than
compensated by tbe wide-epread zeal and gen
erous enterprise which lhe occasion inspired,
and by the triumphant manifestation which it
furnished of the taste, skill, and industrial acti
vity which now so signally characterize the
vigorous population of our noble State. Let
but this progressive spirit pervade all classes
of our people, until the public mind, thorough
ly aroused from tbe Rip Van Winkle slumbers
of more than half a century, finds and claims
iu liberties and exeru its powers—discovers
the vast phys*cal, mental, and moral resources
at iu control, and plies every energy fortheir
successful developement—and who shall dare
to limit the glorious destiny of lhe great “ Em
pire State” of tne South, or compass the wealth,
prosperity, and intellectual elevation of her
high-minded people. Already is her lofty port
and noble bearing the subject of universal ad
miration. Her mind and her capital, are stir
ring tbe elements of greatness into action all
around her. It is no spasmodic twitch—no
fitful or capricious impulse, but a steady and
uniform outlay of native strength, unuxed be
fore, end deetined to be traced in illustrious
consequences for ages to come. Let not lhe
pragmatical economist abroad, nor the scepti
cal bigot at home, then, mistake “ the signs es
lhe limes.'' These visible demonstrations are
not the transient results of a superficial agita
tion. which ripples but the mere surface of so
cietv. The masses of her great deep are in
motion—a ground swell heaves her world of
watere. and every craft upon her bosom must
feel the preesure of her tide. Agriculture and
Commerce —the Aru and Sciences—Educa
tion and Morals —headed by ihe triumphs of
the Church of God. ere all moving in progress
ive harmony to signalize the character of the
age. and give reliable guarantee of the coming
greatness of our expanding Slate. Even now,
as a recent visit to the North and Ea-t his en
bled the writerto testify, the praises of Georgia.
are upon evary tongue. Her high moral po
sition, her political integrity, and her recent un
paralleled improvements, have excited theaUen
non of distant States, nod it is nothing less than
a proud sausfaciion, when abroad, to had from
this distinguished Southern commonwealth.
But we look ferward to a brighter en, reserv
ed for sur favored posterity, when pick-axe and
powder—those irresistible van-guards es engi
neering enterpriee—shall again and again,
boldly undermine the grauite and limestone
barriers of her boary hiHs upon the North and
West. When, in addition to h-r freighting fa
cilitraa, furnished by her noble rivers, bar flank
roads and rsUroads shall pierce her nomareus
plains and fruitful valleys, and bear off to her
centre and her seaboard, whole tone of garner
ed grams and grasses, droves of stout mules.
{ sleek porkers and fat cattle, and Irom her dis
; emboweled mountains, those exhaustless sup
! mineral wealth, which shall meet the
wants of her entire agricultural and manufac
turing population. While in liberal exchange,
from the genial latitudes of her middle and
southern regions, the products of her cotton
fields, her rice and sugar plantations, her orange
and her lemon groves, shall flow westward in
luxurious tide, to bless the grateful and labo
rious inhabitants of her mountain boundaries.
Indeed, Georgia, in the range of her climate,
the diversity of her soil, the quantity and value
of her agricultural products, the amount of her
subterranean wealth, and the variety and effi
cacy ol her mineral waters, taken in the aggre
gate, with her’active and intelligent population,
her free institutions and the mild genius of her
government, is, in our honest conviction, un
surpassed, if not unequalled by any similar ex
tent of continuous territory on the face of the
globe.
But more directly to our purpose. During
the stay of the multitude at Atlanta, they were
addressed, as I was informed, (not having been
able to reach there in time to hear them) by
Judge Jones, of Paulding, Maj. Cooper, of
Cass, and W. Poe, Esq., of Macon, in warm
and impressive speeches (not, however, en
tirely harmonizing in their views) upon the
agricultural and commercial interests of the
State, and her prospective destiny. Nor did
the politician fail to find, under the inviting
auspices of an evening hour, a fit opoortunity
to harangue an assembled group in the adja
cent moon-lit forest, upon the exciting themes
which, for the last nine months, have rocked
this great Republic with the throes of an earth
quake. Ob the last evening of the Fair anoth
er meeting was called upon the same spot, for
the purpose of cinvassing the claims of plank
roads, upon the confidence of the citizens of
Atlanta and the surrounding counties, and was
addressed (Dr. MeWhnrter. *?f Ajsiwta, in »-j?
Chair) by Mr W , a gentleman from a neigh
boring village, in some practical remarks, ur
ging the construction of one or more, between
specified points. Several of these roads are
now in contemplation and some of them wi;|
certainly be built. Unexpectedly chartered,
and committed to the task, the writer’s wind
mill ran for an hour and contributed at least a
few rough puncheons, as an earnest of his wish
es to aid in the completion of the projected
work; and were his ability equal to his zeal,
before another summer solstice should blaze
upon the soil,tbe thunder ofa thousand wheels,
rolling over these Farmers' Railways, and la
den with the products of mountain and valley,
should wake up the echos of the surrounding
forests as they poured ih*ir riah commercial
tributes into the lap of this Maiden City of the
Hills.
On Friday morning the 16th inst., leaving
the hospitable habitation of my friend Mr.
Norcross, and his kind and amiable family, and
willing to escape from the heat, dust and ex
citement of the town, I sought a berth in the
train of cars bound for the West Here, again,
crowding hundreds filled seats and aisles, and
gave but little promise of comfortable travel
Fortunately an old and valued female friend
on board. Mrs. W. * • * soon descried
me, and with her usual fruitfulness of expedi
ants, had me instantly provided for. And who
that has the soul and the sympathies of a man,
has not often had his noble sensibilities stirred
within him by the prompt and active benevo
lence of woman enlisted in his behalf, when his
comforts have been periled, or his peace inva
ded?
Soon the shrill whistle of our panting loco
motive as he stood, restive upon bis iron path
way, announced his purpose to perforin his
daily feat, and climb the heights of the Alatoo
nas, with his living load of flesh and blood. —
Another scream, and away we bound.
And now, safely ensconced upon a portable pack
age, by the side of my venerable friend, 1 rode plea
santly and cherilyon towards the terminus of the
great Western and Atlantic Road, until the timely
intervention of ooe or two stations relieved the ple
thora of our train, and a racant cushion afforded mo
more comfortable quarters. The cars rolled on.
The crowd, as mood or inclination ted them, laughed,
or talked, or ate, or smoked,or slept. The stoppage
at each depot furnished the usual amount of tramp
ing, squeezing and chattering, until about 12 miles
beyond the flourishing village of Marietta, we found
ourselves swinging aloft over a sweeping curve which
wound through the greatest gorge of the hills upon
our route, and anon driving with unabated speed
through the rent crest of a talcnee mountain, whose
fragmentary summitsand sloping strata looked down
from the height of an hundred feet, at if stooping in
reluctant homage to the flaming usurper whose thun
dering train rolled below. A novel piwcr, which
Jlrsf, since creation’s birth-mom, had invaded th-se
lolly dominions, and leveled their rocky ramparts
with the plain. On still, upo t burning wheel we
sped by station and town, forest and larm, until rising
full in front, one of Nature’s granite battlements is
seen stretching its mountain height quite across our
path as if frowning defiance to the power which
sought to disrupt its stony frame-work, and to unite
by an iron chain, the rich valleys of the Mississippi
with the sunny rice fields of the Atlantic coast. Vein
obstruction! Already had human genius triumphed,
and the pick and the crow-bar bored through the
flinty mass. Onward and onward, then, through its
tunnelled heart, with slow 3—t steady pace ffoSts eur
living multitude. Darkness —profound,palpaule on
aauts ua 10. cm, ,tt * auuioai ><ugeni
tbe feeble light of retiring day. Silence reigns in
these subterranean deeps, only broken by the sup
pressed groantnge ol the manure wheels, as they
turn restless upon their iron beds; or by an ocea
sional exclamation of an astonished and epell-bcund
passenger. But now, darkness begins to fade apace.
The yawning breach in the relenting mountain,
seems to open wider ahead, as wc approach, to give
us exit; when suddenly, disgorged from its cavern
ous depths, like Jonah from the jaws ol his living
tomb, our emancipated train again bathes in tbe full
light of Heaven, and our dilated pupils hastily con
tract to endure its glare.
Under increased speed wo are soon far away, be
yond the boundaries of our own beloved State, and
the majestic summit of the far-famed Lookout, with
the broad valley of the 7'ennessee, now begin to open
upon our view, as our smoking engine, Blacking its
pace for the last time, and at the end of its route,
rolls into the suburbs of Chattanooga.
Dinner Parly at Windsor Palace.
Al , an officer of great intelligence,
and associated in a work of much interem con
nected with the aneient Scripture history of
India, arrived a short time since in this coun
try, and his arrival together with some obser
vations on the work in which he was engaged
appeared in the London papers. A few days
after he was surprised to receive at his hotel
through the Lord Chamberlain, an invitation,
or perhaps we should rathercall it a command,
to dine at the palace at Windsor—an honor
which surprised him, as he wus only just ar
rived from India, and had never been present
ed at court. He determined ofcourse to com
ply ; and aa the invitation intimated he was to
come in court dress, he proceeded to his tai
lor, who fitted him out in the usual adorn
ment. Atthe castle he presented himself on
the appointed day, and was received by the
tall magnificent footmen iuscarlet livuriee, one
or two of whom stood on each landing, and
silent as mutes, but more gorgeous, pointed
their fingers in the direction he was to take ;
following up the grand staircase, the course
this line of brilliant finger posts pointed out,
he entered one ante room, where he was re
ceived by a high officer, and mutely directed to
another, and at length found himself in one
where some gentlemen similarly attirad as
himself were waiting in a group.
He had little trouble, so soon as he compos
ed his senses, after the unusual scene through
which he had passed in perceiving that they,
like himself, were invited to dinner ; and he
presently recognised one of them, an eminent
historian, with whom be had been acquainted.
Here they remained conversing for a lew min
utes, when suddenly lhe folding doors at one
end of the room were thrown open and, pre
ceded by the Grand Chamberlain with his rod
of office, her Majesty, leaning on Prince Al
bert. appeared, and without pausing to take
any notice of her guests, passed quite through
the room in which they were, and out through
corresponding doors, which led to the dining
or banquetting room, on the other side ; the
company among whom was M , falling
in the rear, and silently following. They took
their seats. Prince Albert next her Majesty,
and tha other guests down the table, which was
not large, as the party was a limited one.
There was no general conversation —lhe
guests spoke in subdued tones to each other.
Her Majesty spoke to none, and the Prince on
ly let fall a few words to some one near him.
until at length tbe few words gradually grew
fjwsr ; this, however, was not so awkward as
a silent dinner party might seem under other
circumstances, as the magnificent band of the
Cold-stream Guards, in an adjoining apart
ment. were making the finest airs, and good
music is at any time better than indifferent
conversation. Nevertheless it was a chilling
scene, and as soup-fish and flesh were handed
round by tbe ‘tail fellows' in crimson, some no
doubt thought they would prefer, as a general
rule less grandeur and more cordiality. Din
ner concluded. Her Majesty remained a short
time, then arose, and again preceded by the
officers of state returned to the drawing room,
aa 1 suppose we may call it, never having
spoken all the time to her company. The
Prince's mood, however, became more hearty
as soon as Her Majesty had left, and he led
in a general and lively conversation on antiqua
rian subjects, in which he displsyed large read
ing and great intelligence.
While they were thus pleasantly and intel
lectually engaged, it was announced that her
Majesty expected their presence to coffee, and
they proceded to tne drawing room, where
the Queen with her ladies in waiting, was.
Here matters again relapsed into lhe same
splendid state silence as in the early part of
the dinner. Coffee was handed round, and
each guest mutely sipped bis cup, regarding
Majesty, if one migbtso speak, from a distance.
While M ■ was wondering when lhe sig
nal to depart would be given, tbe Grard
Chamberlain advanced, and informed him that
Her Majesty had given orders that he should
be presented : he therefore came forward to
where Her Majesty was sealed in tbe same
room, and with as mucn form as though he had
not met her at dinner, he knelt and touched
with his lips lhe hand that was offered, and this
ceremony gone through, again retired, fully
expecting that this was an end of a stately but
somewhat stupid day.
But it was not so, for a quarter of an hour
subsequently he was informed that Her Majes
ty, who retired to a kind of alcove or recess,
abont as deep aa an embayed window, wished
to converse with him ; be accordingly present
ed himself before his Sovereign, who. no lon
ger in formal state, immediately entered with
vivacity and intelligence into conversation on
lhe particular and in'ereating. and. in many
respects, learned subjects in which ne had been
engaged, showing in all her inquiries and ob
servations a well stored, clear, and cultivated
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 11, 1850.
; mind. When Her Majesty had conversed for
some time, and sufficiently informed herself,
■ she rose, and M retired, and soon after he
and the other guests departed. This to us,
appears strange: but if Her Majesty had not
the prerogative of speaking and being spoken
to only when she wished, the multitude of her
company and receptions would be laborious
and wearisome. What a blessing it would be
if we had the same happy privilege at times in
private life, if it were only that we should not
be obliged to listen to bores and stupid people.
—Bristol Times.
Explosion of a Laboratory at Rends
burg.
The Hamburg journals and the correspon
dence of London papers, contain accounts of
a terrible explosion which occured at Rends
i burg on the 7th instant. The laboratory in
which amunition, shells, shrapnels, Ac. are
prepared for the Schleswig Holstein army,
blew up, destroyed the whole building, shat
tered the surrounding houses, and caused the
loss of many lives. The laboratory is situated
on the island, in the centre of Rendsburg,
formed by the two branches of the Eyder, the
island itself being a kind of fortress within the
main fortifications. The ammunition is always
removed, as it is prepared, to the more distant
magazines, which are ofcourse fire and shell
proof; and at the time of the accident there
was no greater quantity of explosive matter
in the building than the men were engaged
on for the day, otherwise the catastrophe
would have been frightful. Auout noon on
the 7th instant, a terrific report Was heard, that
shook the walls of the houses, broke all the
glass in the windows throughout the part of
the town in the vicinity of the building, and
shattered the tiling and slates of the roofs.
For s me minutes all was consternation, and
many imagined that a of the
town ha? begun, and that a Danish shell must
have fallen into their dwellings. Every one
rushed from the upper rooms to the ground
floor, or into the streets It was soon ascer
tained, however that the laboratory on tha Ey
der Island had exploded, and that some of the
houses nearest to it had been partially destroy
ed or set on fire. A rocket blown down upjn
the stabling of the City of Hamburg Inn; set it
in flames, but by the prompt assistance of the
military, who were instantly called underarms
they were extinguished without doing much
damage. There must have been, comparative
ly, but a small quantity of powder in the place,
or the houses on the parade could scarcely
have escaped destruction ; it was principally
shells and shrapnells in their completed state
that exploded. The building in which the
Danish prisoners are quartered is close to the
laboratory, and the inmates and their guards
rushed into the street at the first alarm ; some
of them were wounded by falling splinters.
Two horses in a waggon standing on the Par
ade fe l to the ground, after plunging violently
when the explosion took place, and were
found dead. General Wiliisen immediately
took every measure to remove the alarm of
the in* abitants. The whole garrison was
under arms in five minutes after the accident
and the fire engines, which have recently been
put in good order, and exercised, were in
readiness. The following is an extract from
the descj iption of the scene after the explosion
of the laboratory, by an eyewitness: “An
immense dark grey cloud appeared to be rest
iug on the centre ofthe city, and, as if poured
from it, dust, tiles, and fragments of wood
were falling in tne streets. The people ap
peared at their duors as stunned ; the women
were crying and wringing their hands ; horses
had become wild with fright, and were rushing
to and fro. • • • On the way to the
place of rendezvous I hnard that the artillery
laboratory iiad been blown up; I also met
everywhere signs of the accident; people pas
singalong with bleeding faces, struck by some
projectile, and, though more rarely, dead or
wounded borne along. Roofs and walls were
shattered, and the windows destroyed. * * *
Where the laboratory had stood was now a
heap of ruins, from which masses of smoke
and flame were rising. The ground was
strewn with fragments of bombs, grenades,
cannon, and musket balls; the water in the
moat had on it a thick covering of dust. But
the moat frightful part of the spectacle was the
bodies of the dead and wounded which were
being collected and carried away ; some of
them had been blown to a considerable dis
tance. I have seen the dead and wounded of
a field of battle, but it was nothing to this.
Shordy after the explosion General Wiliisen
issued a proclamation, stating that the damage
to the military stores was quite unimportant,
and that only a few lives were lost, and calling
upon the inhabitants at once to repair to their
bouses. General Wiliisen has, however, since
issued a proclamation, announcing that the
loss of life is greater than had been supposed
at first. It is believed that the total number
killed is about 85 persons; and among these
are a number of boys from the non-commis
sioned officers’s school, who were employed
in the works of die laboratory. In a notifica
tion from tfrvfl ntAhnricres of Rendsburg, it
is Rtatad that thia dreadful accident was caused
by some splinters ot iron auiv«> B
with which shrapnels were being foiled giving
out sparks in the process of pounding, and it
is added that nine workmen engaged in this op.
eration, and who were in the building where
the explosion cook place, have not been injur
ed.
A Bit of Romance. —The N. Y. Morning
Star has the following bit of local romance :
In the II packet ship, from , came
out the other day, say two weeks ago, a very
beautiful woman, about thirty years old, hav
ing a fine curljheaded boy about five years
of age with her, and b Jng accompanied by a
young moustached man, of elegant dress and
easy manners, who appeared to be of some
tender relationship to the beautiful and inte
resting stranger. They stopped three or four
days at the Astor I louse, from which they re
moved to an exqu.site villa in Hoboken. This
was most luxuriously furnished, and money
seemed no impediment to the gratification of
the cultivated tas'es of the parties. They
strolled of evenings along the banks of the
noble Hudson, and deeply impassioned dia
logues were the accustomed accompaniments
of their recreation.
On board the Canada, during her fine and
rapid passage, might be seen a tall inan, of
grave demeanor and noble proportions. He
was eminently aristocratic in look and bearing.
He spoke but little during the passage.
Something pressed heavily at his heart, and he
could not enjoy the voyage or society of any
kind. He stopped at the Astor, made inquir
ies after a certain lady, child and gentleman,
traced them to Hoboken, and discovered his
own brother, the seducer of his beautiful wife
and the destroyer of his peace forever He re
turned to Europe with his darling boy, leaving
the guilty pair to pursue their course of sin
and shame as best they might. These parties
may be met daily in the Fdysian Fields, seek
ing to drown remorse in the enjoyment (?) of
each other’s society. The cries of the lady
after her adored child are sometimes extremely
frantic. She wishes she had never been born.
America.—Frazer’s London Magazine, in a
late review of Sir Charles Lyell’s book upon
America —in which review a very different
tone prevails from what formerly marked the
comment es British periodicals upon the Uni
ted States—thus speaks of the probable future
of this country:
We are not at all suprised at what in thia
country is most foolishly called the conceit and
vanity of the Americana. What people in the
world have so fine, so magnificent a country ?
besides that, they have some reasons to be
proud of themselves. We have given the chief
features of their eastern and inland territory,
if the reader has any imagination for ideas of
this kind, let him pictnre to himself what will
be the aspect of things when the tide of popu
lation has crossed the long range of the Rocky
Mountains, and occupying the valley of the
Western coast, has built other Bostous and
New Yorks in Oregon in California. This
tide of population is now advancing along the
line of more than a thousand miles, at lhe rate
of eighteen miles a year ; and each year as the
population becomes larger, the number of new
settlers is increased, and the rale of advance is
accelerated.
This vast crowd of ever onwand-preasing
settlersis not formed of the same materials as
the inhabitants of an European province—that
is, there are not at its head a few intelligent but
delicately brought up men of capital, while all
the rest are ignorant laborers; but handle the
ase and ride, and "calculate.” If ever these
magnificent dreams of the American people are
realized —and all that is wanted for their reali
zation is that things should go on as they have
been going on for lhe last two centuries—there
will be seated on that vast continent a popula
tion greater than that of all Europe, all speak
ing the same language—all active minded, in
telligent and well off. They will stand, as it
were in the centre of the world, between the two
great oceans, with Europe on the one hand and
Asia on the other. With such a future before
him we must pardon the Yankee if we 6nd a
little dash of self-complacency m his compo
sition ; and bear with lhe surprise and annoy
ance which he expresses at finding that we
know so little of himself or of his country.—
Our humble opinion is that we ought to know
better.
Great as is the influence which America has
already had upon Europe, we conceive that
this is a mere imitation of the influence which
it is destined to have upon the world.
Casson Balls a rd Locomotives.—Accord
ing to the experiments of Dr. Hutton, it ap
peared that lhe lime of flight of a cannon ball
having a range of 6 700 feet is one quarter of
a minute. The velocity was, therefore, 26,800
fee. per minute, which is equal to five miles
per minute, or 300 miles per hour. It follows,
therefore,thata railway train, moving atsoven
ty five mi es an hour, not an uncommon speed
for express trains to attain, would have a velo
city only one-fourth that of aeannon ball. The
momentum of sueh a mass moving at sach a
speed is difficult to conceive. It would amount
to the force of a number of cannon balls equal
to one-fourth of its own weight.
As laoit Brig.—We yesterday visited the
iron brig Josephine. Capl. Charles Worbatu,
of 278 tons register which was built iu Liver
pool, and wbose bull is entirely constructed of
iron, about one-third of an inch thick. The
sheets of iron are laid over each other, and ri
vited inside on a atrip or bar of iron, so that
the outside has the apnearanee of being one
piece. She h-s three separate holds, divided
by sheets of ireb. ao that if one part nf her
should come thjlired, the vessel would still
be safe. ’The compasses of the vessel are pro
tected by magaats, so arranged as to produce
a magnetic cut out, which prevents the attrac
tion of the nee !e by the iron. She ia in every
respect a bear.Uful craft, and as she now sails
under Yankee colors, we have no doubt iin
proyemenla will be made on her.—AT. O. Pic
Gold .md Silvir Glass.—A new method
of manufacturing ornamental glass has lately
been discovered, which presents the brilliant
appearance of highly polished gold and silver.
This mode of “ silvering ” glass is a uew in
vention, which is now being carried on by a
company in London. The various articles
are blown of two separate thicknesses of glass
throughout, and the silver is deposited upou
the two interior surfaces of the double hollow
glass vessel Tne silver ia deposited from a
solution of that metal by the reducing agency
of saccharine solutions ; in short, the process
is entirely a chemical one. The double hol
low vessels are hermeticallv scaled, and thus
the silver depos'i.s is protected from wear and
from atmospheric influences. The brilliant
silver deposit being seen through the colored
glass, communicates to that spbitauce, in a
curiosly illusive manner, the appearance of
being entirely L -'med of gold or silver itself
When the glass scut, the brilliancy of the sil
ver is heighiened ; and, on the other hand,
when the g:ass is ground, the effect of frosted
silver ia produced.
By staining, and the employment of vari
ously colored gl- sees, '.he effect is modified in
a variety of G thus, with certain yellow
glasses, the efl'e ' ot gold is produced ; with
deep green and übv glass, colored metallic
luster, equal in ■ Bfci t 0 the plumage of birds,
are obtained. wMoh otaea
, can be l>l-<r-n r ■Ft«rr‘Y“wiib facility, the ex
tent to which thuybaautiful invention can be
carried ie perfectly! unlimited. The new pro
cess eatends to Sower vases, chimney orna
ments, and, in fact, every article usually made
of giass. For ornaments, it presents all the
lustrous brilliancy of highly polished gold and
silver, at a great reduction in cost; and for
imitation jewelry and illuminations, it will far
surpass any thing known. In fact, the inven
t'on is at present quite in its infancy, and pro
mises soon to fill the houses of the middle
classes, usually destiuteof brilliant ornaments,
with cheap articles, presenting all the striking
appearances of costly plate, <fcc. The Ladin"
Iftwsfaver lately gave several engravings of
vases, &c., made on this new principle.
Coal Trade of Great Britain. — There are
upwards of 3,000 coal mines in Great Britain,
which employ nearly 250,000 men, women,
and boys, underground and above, termed
hewers, putters, trappers, overlookers, dkc.
The capital invested in working stock, tram
ways, s'aithes, and harbours, altogether, ex
ceeds £30.000,000 in value ; and the “get of
coal.” as it is technically termed, amounts to
34,000,000 tons annually ; the estimated value,
of which at the “pita’s mouth," is £IO.OOO 000.
Os this enormous quantity of coal one-third is
raised in the Northumberland and Durham dis
tricts, from whence the Chief exports of the
kingdom are made by the rivers Tyne, Wear,
and Teas, both foreign and coastwise. The
chief points of home consumption are in the
ironworks of Staffordshire, South Wales, and
the West of Scotland ; which with the lesser
works of North Wales, Yorkshire, Shropshire
and Derbyshire, consume nearly one third of
the whole. The residue is consumed in smal
ler manufactures generally, such as those of
cotton and woolen, the salt works, Ac., and by
the population of large towns for domestic
purposes.
A Larol House.— The World’* Exhibition. —
Some idea may be formed of the extent of the
building for the reception of specimens of the
arts and manufactures of different nations, in
Hyde Park, London, by the fact that it is to
cover eighteen acres of ground! The edifice
will be 110 feet high, and coat £150,000. It
will require 1,200,000 feet of glass, 24 miles of
gutter, 218 miles of sash bar, and 4000 tons of
iron. The construction will employ 2000 men.
Gas Discovery.—ltjs stated that Mr. Sojq.
mon Sutter, a respectable mechanic of Alle
gheny City, Pa„ has discovered a method of
decomposing watar by mechanical means, and
without the use of a galvanic battery, at a
merely nominal expense. He made this dis
covery by mere accident in the pursuit of his
business as a blacksmith, and was first made
ware ofthe fact by the hydrogen evolved from
the water axplodmg, though fortunately with
out doing much damage.
A Sailing Church — The Thames Church
Mission Society have a vessel called the Swan,
the employment of which is to sail from one
ship crowded locality to another on the busy
river. The ship is a large cutter of about 140
tons burthen, and on her bow is inscribed the
words 'Thames Churcharid this truly no
abie vessel ia in truth a erasing church for sail
ors. The object is to supply the different
•ootirns ol r.olliar shi<>&. which a**-
to lie'Ei'r many dayslFl"® Reaches, with a pas
tor and a t>l»c- Tho
views could not go wtchurch, and according
ly the church has gone to the colliers. The
Thames chaplain is the Rev. W. Holderness,
and his parsonage ia the cabin of me Swan.
The Rev. gentleman has a roving commission,
and never before had rover so peaceable a
commission.— European time*.
A Chutese Cemetery.—A traveller, recent
ly from China, thus describes a Chinese cetne
trey which he visited :
" On the Western side of the city of Kea
king-foo, I was greatly struck with the ap
pearance of a cemetery not very far from
the walls. Its large extent gave me a good
idea of the numerous and dense population
of the town. It had evidently existed for
ages : as many of the tomb stones were crum
bling to pieces, and mingling with the coffins
and ashes of the dead. But this ‘ place of
skulls* was not a barren waste, like those grave
yards which we see in large towns at home
Here the dead were interred amidst groves of
the weeping willow, mulberry trees, and seve
ral species of the juniper, cypress and pine.
Wild rose and creepers of various kinds were
scrambling over the tombs, and the whole
place presented a hallowed and pleasing as
pect."
The fine of 2,000.000 florins imposed enthe
Hungarian Jews has at length been formally
remitted, and they have pledged themselves
to deposit in the hands of Government 1,000,-
000 florins tn support Jewish schools. This
voluntary tax is to be paid within two years.
It is not the intention of Government to pro
ceed to the sale of eny estates confiscated in
II ungary, but to farm them for a period ot two
or three years. There can be so doubt but
shat they will eventually be restored to their
lormer proprietors. Eienna Letter, Aug 11.
HUMOROUS.
Meeting each othbrHalf Wat —ASG go
ing bt. —A medical student of Berlin lately
fell deeply in love with the daughter of the
lady at whose house he lodged; his passion
was warmly returned, and the lovers swore
eternal fidelity and entered into a promise to
marry. But there was an insurmountable
barrier to their union, in the fact of the lady
being a Protestant Christian, and the gentle
man a Jew, and both professed themselves no
lees attached to their faith than to each other.
Business called the youth to Breslau; and
when he had been there a few days he received
a letter from his mistress couched in the follow
ing terms :
"My Dear Friend—The difficulties which
have so long stood in the way of our marriage
have at length been put an end to, and by the
intervention of your good angel, as you have
so often called your faithful Minna, who yes
terday became a Jewess.”
Scarcely had this letter been despatched
when its writer received one from her lover,
dated Breslan, and to lhe following effect;
"Mv Dear Minna—The obstacle which pre
sented itself to ourat-^stf, In The unfortunate
difference in our religious faiths, no longer
exists, and 1 shall hasten to complete our mutu
al felicity. I yesterday became a Christian."
The sew patent Mouse Trap.—The Au
gust number of the Journal of the Franklin
Institute contains the specification of a patent
ed mouse trap. The improved mode of body
snatching is as follows: —A savoury piece of
toasted cheese is suspended on a hook. Enter
rat. A small mirror is so adjusted that the rat
sees his shadow in the glass (ju.t as Richard
did.) and not recognising himself at first sight,
thinks that some other rat is aiming for the
cheese. He rushes in to head off his rival. The
board be treads on is a deceiver. It is support
ed by a weak spring, (probably a patent truss)
which yields under his weight, and precipitates
him into a lower story of the trap, when the
floor flies up to resume its place. Another rat
comes along—sees the reflection of his prede
cessor, as well as his own, and thinks two rats
are fighting for lhe cheese. In he goes—down
he goes, and so oM, lories yuories.
We were amused yesterday by an anecdote
related of an exiled Hungarian, who, with a
very limited knowledge of our language, en
deavored to read the title page cf one of Dick
ens’s novels. After the word "Boz,” follow
ed “ Dickens" in a parenthesis, which he
thought must be the pronunciation of the word
before it. “ B-o-z, Dickens ; B-o-z, Dickens, ’’
be repeated in utter astonish men*.. Oh. I
vill give it all up. It iah no use for to try. and
learn von such language as vill make B-o-z
spell Dickens.”—SpringCM Republican.
As Honest Debtor.—Mr. W. T. Bush,
eomb-maker, of Northboro’, seven years ago
failed, and was obliged to settle with his credi
tors for 25 cents on a dollar, promising, if ever
able, to pay the balance.
Yesterday he sent to each creditor the ba
lance of his dues, with the interest due for the
whole seven years. Mr. Bush has been during
that time doing a fair business, though he met
with somewhat of a loss by fire about two
years since.—Boston TrawUer.
Some queer chap says that grain is treated
like infanta —when lhe head becomes heavy, it
is cradled ; and generally it is well thraehed to
make it fit for use.
«• Papa, what is a humbug 1”
Parent—(with a deep drawn sigh.) "It is
my dear, when your mamma pretends to be
very fond of me, and puts no buttons on my
shirt.”
POLITICAL
CIVIL. AND DIPLOMATIC APPRO
PRIATIONS.
REMARKS Ob’ IMR. BAYLY.
or VIRGINIA.
In the House of Representatives, Aug, 20.
In closing the debate on the Civil and Diplo
matic bill vindicating the Committee of
Ways and Means from the charge of report
ing extravagant appropriations,
Mr. Bayly said :
Mr. Speaker: I propose to call the pre
vious qHeaiiou when I conclude. But before
I dothat, I respetfully ask the attention of tl e
House for a few moments. Constant com
plaint has been made in this House and else
where, of the large amount of appropriations
reported by the committee of Ways and
Means, and an attempt has been made to cast
odium uoon us in consequence. The bill up
on which we are now about to vote, has been
complained of especially as exiravagant; and
the attempt has been made to hold the Com
mittee of Ways and Means responsible for it.
On one or two occasions I have pointed out in
general terms, the injustice of these complaints.
But as they are still continued, and as I know
there are some here who mean to vote against
the bill, upon the alleged ground ofthe extrav
agance of the appropriations contained in it,
I desire to go into mere detail than I have
heretofore done, and to show to th. House and
the country precisely where the increase has
taken place, and what has made it necessary.
For this purpose I shall take, as the basis of
comparison, the civil and diplomatic appropri
ation bill approved on the 10th of August,
rd4O,-making nnprory±»*«-.wft»r-»h-> yagtr vm#
ing the Sinh of June, 1847. I take that bill
because it was one passed the first session of
a Congress under a new Administration, and
in that respect it is analgous to this, and be
cause the Committee of Ways and Means was
then presided over by General McKay, a gen
tleman noted for his economy. That act ap
propriated $4,151,866. The bill cf this year
as reported by myself, proposed to appropri
ate $9,709,732 Since then I have stricken
from the bill the item of $3,360,000 for the
instalment and interest of our debt to Mexico
But as most of the complaints were made of
the amount of the bill before that was done, I
prefer to leave it in for the purpose of the
comparison 1 propose to draw. Since the
session of Congress of 1845 -’46, many new
objects of appropriations have been created by
law, which the Committee of Ways and
Means had no right to disregard, and which 1
beg to add, thia House even, which is but one
branch of Congress, cannot, with propriety,
disregard. If the laws be wrong, we can re
peal them. But until that is dine, in my humble
opinion, this House cannot refuse the appro
priations made indispensably by them. Those
objects are, in part, as follows : For salaries
and commissions of registers of land offices
and receivers of public moneys, $l2B 070.
For expenses of depositing public moneys by
receiversof public money, 17,715. For inci
dental expenses of several land offices, 25,050.
Tlie.e appropriations it became necessary to
make in consequeneeof the act of3d of March,
1849. Prior to that act, all of these expense
were paid out of the proceeds of the lands sold
before they came into the Treasury. But that
law requires that the gross receipts shall be
brought into the Treasury, and the expense
be appropriated. These are new objects of
appropriations, but not of expenditure. For
salaries of assistant treasurers, $11,500 Ad
ditional salaries of the treasurers of the Mints
at Philadelphia and New Orleans, 2,500. For
salaries of ten clerks to assistant treasurers,
$9 000. For salary of chief e'erk to asssistant
treasurer of New York, $1,500. For con
tingent expenses under the act providing for
the safe keeping and transfer of the public
revenue, $16,500. For compensation of spe
cial agents to examine the books and accounts
of depositories of public moneys, $5,000. All
of the.-e appropriations were made necessary
by the sub treasury law, as it is familiarly call
ed, that passed at the same time the civil and
diplomatic bill of '45 and ’46 did, and which
did not contain them. For salary of examin
ers of drugs, (an office lately created by law,)
$7,000. Then there is an appropriation in
this bill ofsllo,ooo for the erection of the Pa
tent office building, which was directed by a
law of the last Congress ; and also $150,000
for running ths boundary line between the
United States and Mexico, required by our
treaty with that Republic. In addition to this,
the bill contains an appropriation of $1,116.-
000 for defraying the expense of taking the
census, which occurs but once in ten years.
But the principal item is the oue for the pay
■neut of the instalments to Mexico, and which
amounts to $3,360,000. The bill, however, of
1845-'46contained an appropriation of $320,-
000 for the payment of Mexican indemnity,
which, to make the comparison fair, ought to
040,000. This bill appropriates for tho com
pletion and furnishing of the marine hospitals
ou tho western waters, the erection of which
have been directed by lawsof Congress passed
since 1846. $284,308. To all this must be ad
ded $44,570, the appropriation lor the oilice
of Commissioner of Customs, and $201,097
for the Department of the interior, both of
which were created by an act of Congress.
Mr. Sweetser said, that inasmuch as the gen
tleman from Virginia had announced his in
tention to move the previous question at the
conclusion of his ramarks, he desired permis
sion first to call hie attention to one point
The gentleman had spoken of the expense of
>he Department of the Interior as being a new
and additional charge upon the Government,
to be appropriated for over and above the ap
propriations of the session of ’45-’46, to which
he had referred He would ask the gentleman
if that departrnen' was not in fact formed by
the transfer of certaiu bureaus, for which ap
propriations had always heretofore been made?
It would doubtless be recollected, that when
that department was proposed to he created,
it was stated, by authority, that there would be
very little additional expense incurred ; in fact,
no other expense than the salary of the Sec
retary and that of his chief clerk.
Mr Bayly. We had up and discussed that
whole matter when the deficiency bill was be
fore tho House. It is true it was said that
before the law was passed, the creation of the
Department of the Interior would entail but a
small additional charge upon the Treasury
But it has turned out differently, as I predicted
at the time it would. It is true, as the gentle
man states, that the law establishing the De
partment of the Interior provided for the
transfer from the other departments of the
force engaged upon it with the business trans
ferred. But does not the gentleman recollect,
that when the deficiency bill was before this
House, it sanctioned, against my wishes the
employment of other force in the office of the
Secretary of the In'erior beyond that transfer
ed to it ? But the sum of $201,000 is made up
in part, and in the large t part, of ap
propriations for the bureaus transferred
from other departments to that of the
Interior; and but for that transfer the increase
of appropriations for the other departments,
which even now exists, as I shall directly show,
would be much larger than they are. But for
thia the Committee of Ways and Means are
not responsible. I have resisted, in almost
every instance, those laws which have made
this increase of expenditure necessary. These
appropriations to new objects amounted to
$5.169810.
I turn now to the old objects of appropria
tion, to show where the increase has taken
S lace, and that the Committee of Ways and
leans are not responsible for it. They are
as follows;
There is an increase in the appropriation
for Congress over that made in 1845-’46 of
$16,568 This has been made necessary, in
part, in consequence of the admission of two
new States arid the organization of two ad
ditional Territories. Since 1846 lowa and
Wisconsin have been admitted into the Union
with four Senators and four Members. It is
true they then had two Delegates, but since
then we have organized two other Territories,
Mioesota and Oregon, whose Delegates are
further off and receive more mileage than
those of lowa and Wisconsin did. In the ap
propriation for the Law Library there is an
increase of SI,OOO. This increase was made
upon the application of the Supreme Court
The former appropriation was found to be in
sufficient to supply the library with necessary
books. In the State department the increase
is $14,645. In the Treasury $20,241. In
the War $40,710. This item consists princi
pally of the appropriation for toe rent of a
fireproof building which bas been erected for
the accommodation of the public offices since
1845-’6. In the Navy Department, the in
crease is $4,955 Now, in reference to these
last four items, the same remarks apply The
increase is owing, in part, to increase in the
number of clerks authorized by Congress ;
but principally to the increase in their contin
gentexpensea. Over these the committee can
exercise no control; the amount of them de
pends upon the economy observed in the
departments. Charged, as the Committee of
Ways and Means is. with the most responsi
ble and laborious duties, it is impossible we can
scrutinixe minutely the manner in which their
contingent funds are expended. The House
was aware of this, and hence we have a stand
ing Committee upon Public Expenditures,
whose duty it is “to examine into the state
of the several public departments, and partic
ularly into the laws making appropriations of
money, and report whether the moneys have
been distributed conformably with such laws
&c. And we also have separate committees
upon tbe expenditures in each of the depart
ments Now, sir, it was tbe duty of these
committees to examine into this subject, and
ascertain if there had been any unnecessary
and improper increases of expenditure. Bu:
I am fr e to confess that I do not believe that
these committees could accomplish much in
this respect; for the expenditures in those de
partments at last depends upon the beads of
them. Proper economy in them can only be
enforced by them. The duty in this regard is
properly an administrative one; and the com
mittees of Congress can do but litle in respect
to it. Let the responsibility, therefore, rest
where it belongs.
For the Mints, there is an increaseof ap
propriation to the amount of $52,277. The
greatly augmented amount of business done
at them, making necessary the employment of
additional labor and the erection of new ma
chinery consequent upon the influx of Califor
nia gold, is the cause of it.
The appropriations for our Tetrilories this
year are $17,250 larger than in '46. But they
are made indispensable by existing laws, which
ware made unavoidable by our distance from
them, and the condition of things existing in
them. The appropriations for the Judiciary
are $126,337 larger than they were in 1846.
Over these appropriations the Committee of
Ways and Means had no control. Nearly
every item in them is fixed by law. They
consist, to a large extent, of salaries of judges
and other officers fixed by law, and allowances
also fixed by law. The Committee of Ways
and Means could not disregard these laws ;
nor was it our duty to revise and remodel
them. Charged as that committee is with all
the multifarious and ramified moneyed opera
tions of this great nation we have no time to
bes.ow upon anything else. My investiga
tions have satisfied me that there is no depart
tnent of the Government in which greater and
more beneficial reforms could be introduced
than in the judicial. Andi felt it my duty to
call the attention of the Committee on the
Judiciary to it; and the House will recollect
that I did so some lime since on this floor.
And 1 was happy on that occasion to find, that
what I said was concurred in by my colleague
of the Ways and Means from Ohio, [Mr. Vin
ton.] The appropriation for the survey of
the publics lands this year is $156,502 more
than it was in 1846. This appropriation was
pressed upon us by the Administration, by
whom it was represented as demanded by a
regard for tha pulic interest, and also by a
number of gentlemen from the Western
Slates. Besides, whole Territories have been
brought under our laws since 1846, If we
bad reduced it, every one knows we would not
be sustained by thia House; on the contrary,
as large as the appropriation proposed was,
this House has increased it by amendments.
;.'uih tbe amount bi* appropriatioa ’on
this bead is a matter of very little real conse
quence- All of our lands, sooner or later,
must be surveyed, and it is merely a matter of
time when it shall be done.
In the expense of our intercourse with fo
reign nations there has been an increase of
$66,600. This has grown principally out of
the greater number and higher grade of minis
ters, and the frequent changes in them. But
the Committee of Ways and Means are sot re
sponsible for this. There is an increase of
appropriation of $16,000 to defray expenses
incident to our loans, made necessary by eur
increase of debt. There is an increase of
appropriation for the erection of custom-houses,
even before the adoption of the amendments
offered in the Committee ofthe Whole, efsl9s,-
000. But none of these were for new objects.
All of them had been provided for by laws of
former Congresses, and our appropriations
are to complete what has already been begun.
For the Coast Survey there is an increase of
appropriation 0f5105,000 ; and we were urged
very earnestly to augment even this, and it was
owing to our exertions it was not done. I
suggested on this floor how nearly the whole
ot this appropriation could be saved, viz:
by the employment of the army and navy, to
whom it properly belongs, to make the survey.
But it is the duty of the Committee on Military
and Naval Affairs to organize the system, and
not of Ways and Means. The increase of
appropriations for light-houses, erected since
1846, is $125,041. The increase of appro
priation for books ordered by Congress, $2,-
885.
From these items of increased expenditure
are to be deducted a decrease of appropriation
for surveyors general and their clerks ofsl6 -
540 And also the sum of $167,070 for the
Host Office Department, which was contained
in the civil and diplomatic appropriation bill
of 1846, and which we transferred to the post
office bill. Deduct these two sums, and the
increase, under the different heads I have
mentioned, is $787,405. Now 1 have already
shown, as I have gone along, all of these addi
tional appropriations were required by laws of
Congress, which the Committee of Ways and
Means could not disregard, and against nearly
every ene of which that has been passed since
I have been in Congress, 1 not only voted, but
actively opposed ; and so did tbe majority of
the Committee of Ways and Means. And I
have urged upon the proper committees, and
on the House, to modify and reform most of
the others. And yet, we are complained ofby
some who have voted for many of these laws,
for our appropriations required by them.
Gentlemen seem to misunderstand the duties
ofthe Committee of Ways and Means. They
seem to regard us as charged with the whole
duty of legislation. God knows, our duties
are onerous and responsible euougb, but they
do not extend that far. The title of our com
mittee precisely defines its duties. It is the
Committee of Ways and Means. Our duty is
to provide the ways and means of carrying
into effect laws. We can originate
no hills except appropriation bills and bills
to raise money, or bills relating to these
objects. Laws of a different character from
these must originate with other committees.
m" .le'k ere, apprir-t
prianonsto the amount of $522,005 There
have been stricken from it appropriations
amounting to $30,332; of which $12,2)7 was
stricken from it on my motion. Amount ad
ded beyond the amount stricken out $491,-
673. And there was added, of the $522,005,
$198,241 upon motions originating with the
Committee of Ways and Means, which were
required by existing laws; and the balance
was added by the House in opposition to us,
and, to a large extent, by the votes of those
who are complaining of our extravagance
To recapitulate. The bill, as reported by
us, amounted to $9,709 733. To this, add the
sums in the amendments recommended by the
Committee on Wavs and Means, after deduct
ing those made on their motion, (viz, 186,034,)
and it makes our bill, as we would have had
it, amount to $9 895,766. The act of 1846
appropriated $4,151,871. Difference $5,744,-
79a. But new objects of appropriation pro
vided for in our bill amount to $5,169,810;
and the increase toroid objects, made necessa
ry by law, and over which, as I have shown,
we had no control, amount to $787,405. Ex
cluding these, and our bill is below tbe act of
1846, $210,420, which, I am sure, would cover
all the items put in the act of 1846 against tbe
wishes of the Committee of Ways and Means
of that year; for it is known that General
McKay had great influence with that Congress,
and that it was very hard to get an appropria
tion inserted in one of his bills against his op
position. There has been added to this bill
beyond the reductions made, by the Commit
tee of the Whole against the wishes of the
Committee of Ways and Means, $292,432.
But we have a Whig Administration, and no
majority here to sustain us; aud I do not en
joy the confidence of the House to the extent
General McKay did. It is true, in this esti
mate I have made no allowance for amend
ments to be put on in the Senate; but we have
put nearly everything which ought to be in it,
and 1 do not anticipate many amendments in
that body. Besides, I have been speaking of
the bill as it comes from the Committee of the
Whole, without making any deductions for
amendments made by that committee which
the House may reject; and I cannot but hope
that many of them will be rejected by the
House If this shall be the case, there will be
a large margin for amendments in the Senate.
I have thus shown, Mr. Speaker, that those
complaints which have been so industriously
made ol the Committee of Ways and Means,
have been made by those who were utterly ig
norant of tbe facts.
Having vindicated the committee over which
I have tbe honor to preside, I will not detain
the House longer.
Tax West akd rm Urios. —At the dinner
of the Alumni of Yale College, on the occasion
of the recent commencement celebration at
that institution, among other distinguuhed
guests then and there present was Mr. Bates,
of Missouri—the eminent gentleman who de
clined not long since the Department of the
Interior proffered to him by President Fil
more. In acknowledgment of a toast com
plimentary to the West, Mr. Batesrdelivered a
speech which was received with much ap
plause. We note one passage from the
abstract given of it in the New York Tri
bune :
"He said that out of the Mississippi eight
millions of people drink. It runs through the
whole country, and the people living on it
would defend tbe Union of the States with
hearts and arms. No war nor policy can di
vide it. We want no little rag-flag with a yel
low spot on it. Nature speaks loudest in her
grandest works, and the giant West speaks
loudest for the Union. The children of pa
rents, from Connecticut and Georgia on the
Mississippi mingle together, and before they
know what politics mean, they know what the
firesides of their fathers’ fathers were [Ap
plause.] The North and South seem to have
forgotten that the West has an interest in the
Union. By-and bye, when the North and
South threaten to fight, ’he West will,as is some
times done with pugnacious boys—hold them
far enough apart to prevent striking, but face
to face till they grin each other into good hu
mor.” [Laughter and applause.]
The young giant across the mountains is
likely to have a great deal to do in the way ot
controlling sectional animosities and giving
practical lessons touching the reality of this
Union, its national identity, its inevitable co
herence as one body, its mighty power and its
great and glorious destiny. The West will do
its part in this business as a matter of instinct.
In the valley of the Mississippi the phrase ditu
mon in unintelligible —senseless as the jargon
ol a lunatic.
When the next generation shall look back
upon the doings and savings of this present
day, and contemplate the scene of our present
dissensions and the causes thereof, a proper
respect for the wisdom and patr otistn of their
predecessors may probably temper their sense
of the ridiculous and soften its expression in
to a smile. We may hope to escape thus
easily by virtne of filial charity, and so hoping
we may venture to declare the belief that tbe
Union will lastnntil then— Balt. Amer.
f rom the Journal If Mesienger.
Was the late Mass Meeting In Maeon a
Disunion Meeting J
As we anticipated, the advocates of the late
Mass Meeting have become alarmed, and are
endeavoring to deceive the people. They de
clare that it was not a disunion mealing, and
accuse us of misrepresenting the facts. Have
these writers no consciences—no shame—no
sense of decency ! Under most circumstan
ces, men may be excused for differences of
opinion ; but for perversions of jacu and of
VOL.LXTV—NEW SERIES VOL.XIV—NO 37.
word* tpoken, there can be no excuse. We
are not in the habit of speaking without the
recerd.
1. We have endeavored to impress the pub
lic mind with the fact that the late mass meet
ing was an assemblage of disunionists.
2. We have alleged that the resolutions
adopted by the meeting, redolent, as they are,
with disunion, did not fully represent the sen
timents of the orators.
3. We have asserted that one of the epeak
ers, for alluding in terms of respect to the
stars and stripes, and for disapproving of the
disunion sentiments of Mr. Rhett, was check
ed by the cry of disunion, and quailed under it.
These allegations we have made, and we
stand ready to prove them in any courtof justice,
or before any board of honorable gentlemen.
We affirm that every orator who spoke da
ring the meeting, except one, or perhaps two,
openly proclaimed in favor of a forcible retit
lance to the general government. Mr. Rhett,
acting nnder instructions of the committee,
was perhaps the most moderate of them all.
War “ to the knife and to the hilt ” was the
common ery, and it was uniformly responded
to with cheers and shoata by tbe crowd. If
it is necessary, we can procure five hundred
affidavits to prove the correctness of this state
ment We rely, however, upon the evidence
ol those who participated rn the proceedings,
Here it is:
1. Mr. Hardeman, one of the Secretaries
of the meeting, and whose very name is ay
nonymous with all that is honorable, high toned
aad patriotic, in a letter centained in another
column of this paper, says :
“ When I consented to act as Secretary for
the Convention, I little dreamed that a disu
aion of our Government was the purpose for
which it was convened ; but the sentiments
of the Oralers and tbe deafening cry of a por
tion es the audience for disunion and seces
on, opened my eyes, and I saw plainly tbe
sole aim of the speakers was to incite the pto
pie of Georgia to dismember this glorious con
federacy. I cannot, and pray I never shall,
endorse such sentiments as these.”
2. Col. Tift, editor of the Albany Patriot,
and one of tha orators, in his paper of tbe 20th
uh., says:
“ The resolutions which were adapted, do
not set forth fully the views and sentiments
urged by tbe speakers, and we therefore sup
ply tbe omission. * *
“ The speakers, with one or two exceptions,
were in favor of an immediate dissolution of
the Union, should California be admitted with
her present boundaries."
Col. Tift, in the article in question, takes
beld ground against the sentiments put forth
by the Conventien.
3. The correspondent of tbe Charleston
Mercury of the 20ih ult, well known as one of
the orators at the meeting, says :
“ Mr. Stiles was next introduced to the
meeting—and after depicting our wrongs in
an easy and fluent style some time,startled the
andieuce by saying be could not altogether go
with the sentiments of Mr. Rhett, sentiments
that he uttered that morning to the meeting.
At this juncture, for it was an exciting one,
a young man arose to his feet in the crowd
that were seated on tbe aide benches, and
loudly cried Disunion—a gentleman from
Chatham a veteran in the cause of liberty, im
mediately caught the words. The crowd
rose to their feet, and the waving of hats and
handkerchifs, and criet of Ditunion, I thought
ueuld new eeaee. After the pause Mr. Stiles,
like a true man, who loves his country first,
then said (and it won him golden applause.)
“ If that is your sentiment, I am a Southerner
—I am your countryman —and your cause is
mine—l am with you—l am with Georgia.'
Ho received now deafening applause and ap
parently was about to retire when voices called
out go on, go on, when he satisfactorily ex
plained his expression to the crowd.”
4. The correspondent of the Columbia,
South Carolina Telegraph, of the 30th, also an
Orator and prominent South Carolinian, gives
quite a glowing account of the disunion spirit
manifested in the meeting. He says :
Mr. Yancey “ declared that tbe time had
come for revolution —that, in the language
of the immortal George M. Troup, “ The
argument wae exhautted, and we must stand to
our arms ! ”
The writer adds : When I heard this lan
guage, my spirit leaped high ia gladness. To
hear Alabama thus speak, intoxicated me with
joy, and her gallant del'gate, I felt, wae at
once embalmed in the great heart of the
South.”
Again referring to the speech of Mr. Stiles,
and the incident connected therewith, the same
writer, after stating Mr. 8. had made a beauti
ful oration about om ZtSpq'Aiea with the
North, &.C. adds:
“ After this fine speaker had gone thus far,
and carried with him the whole vast multitude,
he suddenly halted and declared, he wat no dit
unionist Whereupon there was raised one
universal about for disunion; this shout was
echoed and re-echoed in deafeaing-peals till
-a
atesCtntef are linked with ths South, and if you
say disunion, lam with you forster.”
The writer concludes his account oi the af
fair, thus:—“l believe that he. Mr. Stiles,
was taught a good lesson of truth,* when his
fellow citizens rebuked him in set laudation of
this Union.”
We have now proven our three proposi
tions. viz: Ist, That the resolutions do not
fully represent tbe sentiments ofthe orators;
and 3rd, That the only orator who seemed to
oppose the general sentiment of the meeting
was interrupted by the cry of disunion, and
forced to quail before it. Can any just, honest,
sensible man, after such an array of testimony,
doubt the real purposes of those who composed
the meeting in question. We have no doubt
that the leaderswill endeavor to deny the facts
in the counties, and to deceive the people into
the belief that the Nashville platform and dis
union are not one and the same thing. Let
no one be deceived. Treason is stalking a
broad, under the guise of Southern Rights.
Disunion is covered up under the thin veil of
Temporary SesessioD. People of Georgia,
you who love her rights and institutions —you
who would perpetuate slavery and its benefits;
we implore you to stand firmly by the Union,
and put no mtn in power who will not pledge
himself to sustain that Union against the trea
son which now plots its overthrow— Journal If
Messenger.
Letter from Judge Warner.
We find in the Athens Banner the follow
ing letter from Judge WAMiR,on the absorb
ing question of the day. His position as one
of the jad gee of the Supreme Courtof Geor
gia, and a leader of the democratic pafcty of
the State, to which he has been long and ar
dently attached, will command for his opinions
the calm and dispassionate consideration of a
large class of readers, and especially of those
with whom he has been so long politically as
sociated :
Grkksvillz, August 28th, 1850.
Gentlemen On my return from Decatur,
I received your letter of the 10th inat., reques
ting my opinion in regard to the following
proposition—“whether if the state of Califor
nia as at present organized, shall be admitted
into the Union, and the remaining territory ac
qui ed from Mexico, placed under territorial
governments, withont restriction on the sub
ject of slarery, would such a state of facts pre
sent a proper occasion for measures of resis
tance revolutionary or otherwise, on the part
of the alaveholding states.
Being fully aware, that my individual opin
ion in relation to this question, can have but
little weight with any one in this period of ex
citement, yet, I do not feel entirely at liberty to
withhold it, when respectfully requested by
any portion of my fellow-citizens.
The great question, which I have have al
ways understood to have been involved in
the controversy between the slaveholdiog, and
the non-slaveholding s’ates, was whether the
territory, lately acquired by treaty from Mexi
co, should be organized with, or without, the
Wilmot Proviso; the non-slaveholding states
insisting upon the right under the constitution,
to exclude slavery from that territory, by con
gressional legislation, the slaveholding states
insisting that congress And no power under the
Constitution to legislate tn any manner wham
er upon the subject of slavery, in that territory.
Assuming that to have been the original
ground of controversy between the respective
states of the Union, will the admission of Cali
fornia under the circumstances mentioned in
your letter, violate the principles, for which
the southern States have contended under the
constitution T
If the state of facts which you present, are
equivalent to the enactment of the Wilmot
Proviso, then, the Southern states ought, in
my judgment, to resist the admission of Cali
fornia by al the means in their power, revolu
tionary or otherwise, for lhe reasons, that the
usarjsation of power by Congress, to restrict
slavery in the acquired territory, would be a
palpable violation of the constitution. But if
the state of sac s which you present, are not
equivalent to the enactment of lhe Wilmot
Proviso, and no principle of the constitution
is violated by the admission of California, then
a resort to measures of resistance, revolution
ary, or otherwise, would, in my judgment, be
entirely inexpedient, and improper, on the
part of the slaveholding states. Before a resort
is had to such extreme measures, the first in
quiry to be made is, do lhe evils of the gov
ernment under which we live, outweigh its
benefits. In other words will the admission
of California, inflict such an injury upon the
constitutional rights of the people of the
el veholding States, as to justify revolution on
their part, against the government of their
country 1 According to the state of facts
which you present, the territory of Utah is or
ganized, without the Wilmot Proviso, and the
teerritory of New Mexico is also organ
ized, without the Wilmot Proviso. So far
then, the principle for which the southern
states have contended is maintained, the terri
tories of Utah, and New Mexico are organized
by Congress, without any restriction as to sla
very. The people of California (which con
stitutes the only remaining portion of the ter
ritory acquired from Mexico) have assembled
in Convention, framed a constitution, and by
their own act, have excluded slavery, and
now ask to be admitted into the Union as a
State.
It is true, her proceedings have been irregu
lar, and she was doubtless induced to form a
state government by lhe improper interference
of the agents of the late administration, but
auch interference, was a grog* abuse of official
power, on the part of the administration, for
which they should be justly held responsible.
Congress too. had failed to furnish California
with a territorial government, and such failure,
let it be remembered, was not exclusively the
fault of the representatives of the non slave
holding States. According to my judgment
the limits of California are too large, and as a
matter of policy, I would have restricted her
boundary to 36d. 30m. But notwithstanding
all these objections, Congress unquestionably
has the power, to admit new states into the
Union. The 3d section of the 4th article of
ths constitution declares, “new states may be
admitted by the Congress into the Union;”
But it is said, that the admission of California
upon her present application by Congress, is
equivalent to the enactment of the Wilmot
Proviso, and therefore, should be resisted by
revolution, or secession on the part of the slave
holding States. In my judgement, there is a
marked and wide difference, upon the score
of principle, as it regards the exclusion of
slavery from the territory of California, by the
people of that territory, and the exclusion of
slavery therefrom, by a legislative enactment
of Congress. In the one case, the people of
the territory act for themselves in regard to
the question of slavery, independent of Congress,
in the other Congress usurps an authority to
act, in regard to the question of slavery, in vi
olation of the constitution, and independent of
the wishes of the people of the territory—the
one, is the act of the people themselves upon
the question of slavery—the other, is the act
of Congress upon the question of slavery—the
one is constitutional, the other is unconslitrfion
al. It should bo recollected r,Le, “
a-e two sides to this'-y Inch .<eMBB
to be considered in
pie.
Had California adapted slavery wy -KJ??* 1
constitution, and had her
Union been resisted by the representatives of
the non-slavebolding states, on the ground,
that to vote for her admission with slavery in
her constitution, would be to vote for thees
tablishment of slavery; what would have been
the legitimate answer to such an objection, on
the part of the slaveholdiug States 7 The an
swer would have been, that the people of Cali
nornia had regulated the question of slavery
for themselves, and that Congress lord no
right to interfere in that matter, having no ju
risdiction whatever over the subject, and that to
vote for the admission of a state into the Union
the people of which had established slavery by
their constitution, would not be establishing
slavery in such state, by Congress. Nor do
the representatives from the slaveholding
states by voting to admit a state, the constitu
tion of which excludes slavery, vote to abol
ish slavery, any more than the nsn-slaveholding
states would to establish it.
It is the people of the territory forming the
state constitution, who establish, or abolish
slavery according to their pleasure, and not
Congress by admitting such state into the
Union. The Constitution then, confers the
power on Congress to admit new States into
the Union, and irregularities on the part of
the state making the application do notdestroy
that power so expressly conferred on Con
gress by the Constitution. The constitutional
right of Congress to admit California is one
question ; the policy of admitting her on her
ptesent application, is another, and a different
question ; the one is a question of power, the
other is a question of expediency. In regard to
the question of slavery, I etan-t on the demo
cratic platform ofnon-internention by Congress,
and in my judgment, it is the only safe, and
constitutional ground, the South can occupy. I
am willing to abide by the Missouri compromise
line in the settlement of thia question (not be
cause it was originally right, or constitutional,
but because the question has once been settled
on that basis) with non-intervention by Con
gress, south of it So far as my individual
rights are concerned, I protest against any ac
tion of Congress, either to establish, or recog
nize slavery in any manner whatever, South of
36d. 30m.
If Congress have the right, and jurisdiction,
to establish, or, recognize slavery South of that
line, the same right and jurisdiction exist, to
abolish it. Ido not desire Congresses to usurp
ajurisdiction upon the question of slavery for
my benefit, when that jurisdiction inay, and in
all probability would be, wielded for my des
truction.
Better by far, that California should be ad
mitted into the Union, with slavery excluded
by the action of her own people, than this great
constitutional principle of non-intervention by
Congress, should be sacrificed for a suoposed
temporary benefit. If Utah and New Mexico
shall be organized without any restriction as
to slavery by Congress, and California admit
ted as a state with a constitution adopted by
- people of that territory, excluding slavery,
it is difficult for me to perceive,
pie of the c ° n *U£2J,i!o^ , “ , nrnp«r occasion foi
which ... inuonary, or ofh-
measures
-WrtdffifrL.}"r tM ßedy of uuMifioa ■
dress ofour tariff gmvtncea. neither do ;
tend to be driven off the SitWbcrMie'platform
now, and to seek redreass for our present
wrongs, by resorting to a remedy which, to
say the least of it, bears a very strong resem
blance, to the nullification doctrines promulga
ted by the leading politicians of a sister state, in
1832-3; and which were attempted, to be
successfully maintained, in this state. If the
admission of California under the circumstan
ces which you state, shall be used merely as a
pretext lor a dissolution of the Union, by those
who desire such an event, it is unquestionably
their privilege to make it available, to accom
plish that object, ■/ Msy can But what practi
cal benefit are the people of Georgia to de
rive from a dissolution, in the event California
shall be admitted as a State! Is the right to
carry slaves into that state, a sufficient com
pensation for a dissolution ol the Union, when
the people of California, not Congress, have
excluded them by their Constitution! How
will the dissolution of the Union secure that
right! If the soil and climate of California is
adapted to slave labor, and it shall be ascer
tained to be for the interest of the people .of
that State to employ slaves, then, they can al
ter their constitution, and admit slavery; but
if the soil, and climate of California be not a
dapted to slave labor, and slaves cannot be
profitably employed there, it would seem to he
unnecessary to dissolve the Union, because
Congress has admitted her as a State, with a
constitution adopted by her own people, exclu
ding slavery. The view which I take of this
subject is, to let the people of California regu
late this question of slavery for themselves,
without any legislative interference by Con
gress ; and so long as we have such able advo
cates, in the nou-slavehoiding States, for the
great constitutional principle of non-interven
tion, as Cass, Dickinson, and others, I do not
despair of the Republic.
Be pleased gentlemen, to accept the assu
rance of my regard, and esteem, while I re
main,
Very Repsectfully, Your ob’t serv’t,
Hiram Warsxr.
Messrs. Holsey, Chase, and Hull, Athens.
GRENVILLE’S ALMANAC FOR
1881,
WILL BE PUBLISHED during the pre
sent month, and will contain the uttual statis
tical tables, revised to the latest dales. Il will also
be illustrated by a Map of Georgia and Alabama,
containing each county and county town in the Stales,
together with other new matter.
The retail price ie fixed at <3.50 per gross, with the
customary discount to the trade.
JOSEPH A. CARRIE & CO.,
au2o Publis ere.
LOQK HERE
NEW STORE AND NEW FURNIJ
TORE.
J. SILCOX
/ft HAS REMOVED his
Uh stock of FURN ITURE,
Ijl CHAIRS, MATRASSES,
cjfcc , next door to Dr. Turpin’s, immediately opposite
his former stand, where he intends keeping a gene
-al assortment of Furniture, Chairs, Matrasses,
(fcc., of his own manufacture. Also, a good esfiort
ment of Northern manufacture, which he will war
rant, and at such prices as to make it an inducement
to those about purchasing, to give him a cal! at hie
NEW FURNITURE STAND. oJ2-d&w
Fine Watches Clocks, Jewelry
AND SIL VEH GOODS,
-p THOMAS W. FREEMAN,
athin old stand, neai 1 v opposite the Bruns- JpK
KA wick Bank, respectfully informs his cus-S&£»
tumorsand the public that he has on hand a fine as
sortment of GOLI) and SILVER WATCH I-S, ol the
most approved makers, with a choice and fashionable
STOCK OF JEWELRY,
all of which he will sell at very low prices for cash.
T. W. F. solicitsa comparison by purchasers of the
quality anti prices of his Goods, with any other house
either here or elsewhere.
WATCHES and CLOCKS carefully repaired, and
warranted. Mr. Wjt, G. Woodstock continues to
give his utmost attention to this part of the business.
N. B.— New Goods received weekly
n27-d<fcw
CLOCKS, WATCHES, JEWELRY
&c., &c.. &c.
GOLD AND SILVER
Watches, of ah kinds.
KA Jewelry, and various rich fancy Goods.
Fancy Hardware and Cutlery.
Gold, Silver and Steel Spectacles.
Silver Ware, Plated Goods of all kinds.
Guns, Sporting Apparatus, Pistols.
Sotar Lamps, Girandoles, in gold and silver.
Table Cutlery, of Rodgers and others.
China Ware, Cut Glass Ware, of latest style.
Clocks, Parlor and Office Clocks, and a largo
stock of cheap Clocks (or country trade.
Andirons, Fenders, Shovels and Tongs.
Watch Materials and tools of all kinds for W atch*
makers. For sale at fair prices by
CLARK, RACKETT & CO.,
Dealers in Fancy and Military Goods.
Repairing of Clocks and Watches by good
Workmen. r
N. B. Whenever it may be inconvenient lor per
sons residing at a distance to visit the city, any thing
in the above line will be nirnisbed promptly upon re
ceipt of an order and on the u.wal time. nj *
FAIRBANK'S PATENT
Platform and Counter Scales.
WARRANTS D— •
Adapte to every required ope
i* E ration of Weighing —as Rail
| Road Scales, for Trains or sin-
■ gle cars; Warehouse Scales,
J Dormant and Portable; Heavy
, Portable Scales on wnoeis, for
Foundries, Rolling Mdls, «e.
— w STOKE SCALES, of ail
sites • COUNTER SCALES, &c„ 4c., for “>« b X
mhl W. & 3. NELSON, Agents.