Newspaper Page Text
BY WILLIAM S. JONES.
Bering, &c.
THE WEEKLY
CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
It Published every Wednesday,
; AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM
IN ADVANCE.
TO CLUBS or INDIVIDUALS sending us Ten
Dollars, SIX sopies of the Paper will be sent for one
k * . ytar, thus furnishing the Paf>erat the rate cf
SIX COPIES FOR TEN DOLLARS.
■ * free copy to all who may procure us five sub-
eeribers, and forward us the money.
* TUB CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
k > DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY,
Are also published at this office, and mailed to sub
scribers at the following rates, viz.:
Daily Paybr, if sent by mail-**• $7 per annum.
(Tar-WsBKLY Papbb 4 “ •*
TERMS OF ADVERTISING.
livWxbkly.—Seventy-five cents per square (12
lines or less) for the first insertion, and Fifty cent
> or each subsequent insertion.
JFor 9 ale,
FOR SALE '
A DESIRABLE SETTLE- gjS
MENT, eon-nsting of Three Hundrd 1
and Twenty Acres, seven miles above Murietta, near
tho pht«eknown as Big Shanty’, on which has been
receutiyhYeclcd a frame Dwelling House, forty-four
by eighteen fest, and
....... ■ Said Dwelling stands in
-v ws. ctShtfe es said land, twenty acres cf which is
ready for the plough. Nearly the whole of said
land san be cultivated; well watered throughout
with spring? and branches. The State Road passes
through said land. Application can be made to the
subscriber, at Greensboro, to Col. David Irvin, of
Marietta, or to Geo. W. Gresham, living near the
, prsmiM>. JOSIAH DAVIS.
Greensboro, Ga., Nov. 17. nl7-w2m*
" FOR SALE. —— A
A VALUABLE COTTON PLANTA-
containing 900 acres, and san be made
-A- larger if required, from other adjoining land* of
mine, and near the city of Augusta, where a ready
market for all pro :uee can at all times be bad. 800
aeres or more arc good cottea lands, and would
duce, any good year 1,000 lbs. per acre. For further
particulars apply to
nib twsAws JAMES L. COLEMAN.
) FOR SALE,
ONE OP THE best locations fora Physician
in the middle regies of Georg'ti, in a pleasant
oountry village, with two Churches and an Acade
my, surrounded by a dense and wealthy population,
and an area of twenty or twenty-five tnifes square,
with but one competitor in the practice. The im
provements comprise two acres of ground as neatly,
tastefully, conveniently and comfortably improved as
any person or family could desire, ami within a few
t miles of tho Augusta Rail Road. A bargain may be
had by addressing the Editors, poet paid, and par
tieulars given. 031 -w 3
PLANTATION AND NEGROES FOR
SALE.
THE SUBSCRIBER offers for
ule his PLANTATION, lying on Sa- &&
-L. vannah River, about seventeen miles be- —L.
Jaw Augusta, adjoining lands es Mcßean, Co., and
others, containing fourteen hundred and twenty-five
acres of swamp Land; about two hundred and
twenty-five acres of which are cleared, the balance
finely timbered with oak, ash, beach, cypress hicko
ry an 1 poplar— to which is attached one hundred
i acres of Upland, with Improvements. The Rail
Road from the Central Read U» Augusta will run
through it. Also. Sixteen likely Negroes, Stock, &c.
Ane’her tract of I and about six miles from Au
gusta, on tho Savannah Rood, containing one hon
ored and twenty-five acres, a healthy location, good
Dwellings and cut hoa-es. There is a good Peach
Ok• bard on this placo.
•4-twAwtf ROBERT Y. HARRIS*.
50.000 aCRM OF LAND FOR SALE.
jgfr THE SUBSCRIBERS offer hr
WM sale Kilty Thousand Aer*w of the moat
-A- valuable Cotton and Sugar LAND* in -JL.
the Southern States, part of which is under cultiva
» Hon. Thio Land ia situated in the South-western
r counties of •eorgia, and in Fierids, location heukhy
£ and desirable, and will be said in tracts of from two
i. hundred and fif»y to six thousand acres. Terms to
•■it purshaseri. Por any in'ormation regarding the
same apply te the undersigned, at either Apalachico
la, Florida, or Albaav, Georgia.
o 9 wdm SIMS, CHERYER & CO.
t NOTICE.
«TME SUBSCRIBER offers
sale a valuable PLANTATION in Wai
ton county, six miles southwest of Monroe, and
■even miles northwest of Social Circle, on big flat
Creek ; containing 950 or 1,100 acres, with good im
provements, orchards, dtc. On terms very low and
accommodating io purchasers. For further iniforma-
I lien eaqeire of the subscriber.
, JOHN SCOTT,
i Social Circle, 23th Sept., 1850. ot-wtf
TUB SUBSCRIBER
Bi "•« UOACRBS OP LAND, adjoining SKS
and forming a part of the Village of So
oial Circle. Sixty acrec improved with a good two
•Ury Dwelling, (in town) new Kitchen end Smoke
House, and other comfortable buildings. A bargain
will be sold in the premises.
V. H. CRAWLEY.
Social Circle, Mnrch 5. 1850. wtf
1.100 ACRES BURKE LAND.
FOR SALE, the PLANTATION
■U of R. G. *hriv«|,»ituate in Burke conn
ty, in the neighborhood of Frier’s Pond,
ceataicing 1,100 acres, of which about 400 are clear
ed aad in cultivation ; the remainder Woodland, oak
and hickory, and pine land mixed. The Improve
ments are good, and the plantation iu good repair.
The terms will be liberal. For further particulars,
apply to D. B. H adlky, Augusta, or the undersigned
oa the premises. jal?-wtf R. G. ItlV AL.
Washington <£itn
PENSIONS AND BOUNTY LANDS
OBTAINED for the officers and soldier* of the
Revolutionary war, or their legal representa
tires.
Pensions for life, for the widows of such officers
aad ao.'diere who married previous to 1800.
Bounty Land, for the surviving, or the widows,
or minor children of deceased officers and privates,
who served in the war of 1812, with Great Britain ;
the Mexican war; or in auy of the Indian wars,
since 790.
Terms moderate, where the claim is established,
etAanrisc no charge.
The subscriber is also appointed Agent in the Dis
trie of Columbia for the
BRITISH COMMERCIAL LIFE INSURANCE
COMPANY,
Established in 18*0. and empowered by an art of
Parliament, for the insurance of Lives and the en
dowment of children, in London, New York and
Washington City.
CAPITAL $5,000,000.
Communisations audreased te the subscriber,
Washiug’on. D. C., will receive prompt attention.
M. THOMPSON,
Attorney at Law, and Commissioner es Deeds for
North and South Carolina.
P. S. Refer, if necessary, to the Heads of De{»art.
menu, and Members of C’»n*ire*j generally.
Washington City, Oct , 1850. n ' dtwdrvr l
TO ALL WHOM IP MAY CONOBiiN
AN ACT granting Boun'y Lands to all persons,
or to the widows nr minor children of ail per
sons who performed military service for the United
States in the war of 1812, or any of the Indian wars
since 1790, and te the esmmissioned officers engaged
in the service es the United States, in the late war
with Mexico, Lar recently been pawed by Congress.
The undersigned, having formed on assooialivn
with Attorneys resident at Washington City, poa
eaaies peculiar advantages for prosecuting successful
ly, and with despatch, all claims for Bounty Lands
arising under the act referred to, and offers his Servi
ans to all who may bo entitled to the benefit, of this
aet, in securing, witn the least cost and delay, all
elaims of this character against the General Govern
ment. ROBERT E. WOODING,
n9-w3tu Attorney al Law. Applies, Gee.
PENSIONS AND BOUNTY BANDS
WM. J. NILES, Washington, D. C , at
tends to the securing of Pensions, Bounty
Lands, and Back-pay, for MHilary and Naval Servi
ces in the war of the Resolution, or the last war with
Great Britain, the war with Mexico the Florida
war or any of the Indian wars; and particularly to
Claims for Bounty Lands under the late act of Con
gress.
Also, to the prosecution rs claims and the transac
tion of businers of every description with either of
the Executive Departments, or with Congress.
Having, tor many years, been connected with
Congress, and in daily attendance upon its session?,
his general acquaintance and experience place with
in his reach facilities for securing the interests of
clients, enjoyed by few.
He refers, by special perraiseion, to
Hon. Robbbt Toombs, of Georgia.
Hou. Howbll Cobs, of Georgia,
Speaker House of Representatives,
■on. A. H. Stbpmsns, of Georgia.
Hon. H. A. Haralson, Ifo.
Hon. J. McPhesmn Bkrbikn, Do.
Hon. Wm. C. Dawbox, Do.
And alsa to the Represental.ves in Congress from
the State of Georgia, and to the members, generally,
of the House of Represei taiives for the present aad
several prscedisg Congresses.
Communications, poet paid, will receive
attention, at reasonable terms
Washington City, Oct. 1, 1859. 04-w3m
BOUNTY LAND.
THE UNDERSIGNED notifies all these
who may be interested in the Bounty Land
Act which has reeenily beeocna a Law of Congress,
that ho has connected itimsclf with legal gentlemen
in Washington City, for the purpose es rroeeculinq
elaims against the Government AU soldiers (and
widow’s of such soldiers) who hsve served in ibe
last wsr with Great Britain, iu Florida, or any of the
Indian Wars; also, all cumin.Muoned officers in the
Mexican War, are entitled under the act to Bounty
Lend. Address K. H. POTTLE.
019 Att’y st l aw. Warrenton, Ga.
LAND BOUNTY AGENCY.
TIIK snbsrriber lakes this method <m* informing
all persons interested, that he is prepared with
all Mcsssary papers to obtain Land Bounties for ail
those eetided nnder the late act of Congress to the
••me. with the utmuet dispatch.
Office at Lincolnton, Lincoln co.jnty.
wtf B B MOORE.
STRAYED.
FROM the Sand Hills, on the night of
the lUh inst a large Bay MARE, about
In ids high, the hmd feet white. Any informa
•psedag the Mare will be thankfully receiv
*“» « a liberal reward be paid for her delivery.
W »Bt this office. n 14 w 3
tjs LEATH KRr«ALFSKI>s; ate.
* „ uo h « n 1 forge stock cf Ijeatber.
I« Sb—BOicg. PuretM«.n
wwld do well to uuiw our Sw.k before pwrrhaw.
iagbbbvbMU. afl PURGE, CONLEY A XiO
(I nirtfinro rt WsiMrtlriiiii
C I a a /tOI I fl -J 111 IH i' i H hl /Il ' IkW' w ,il 11 il li J tel U . •
• -x • /.A
IHCmANI
SELECTED POETRY.
Prom the Charleston News.
Lines suggested on seeing a beautiful Picture of
CHRIST WALKING ON THE SEA.
BY MRS. M. A. FUf MAN.
’Tis night—and dark in Galileo—
High—and yet higher swells the sea ;
A bark is out upon the wave,
A little band its dangers brave.
The boist’rous winds around them roar—
For life each struggles with his oar ;
And eager every nerve they strain,
If haply they the land may gain.
Bat sudden and unwonted sight,
Their stricken souls fill with affright.
They fear not now the angry gale,
What was it made their spirits quail 7
Arrayed in white, with flowing hair,
It seems a phantom of the air,
As, all alone upon the deep,
It walks, where stormy billows sweep !
Onward, with still advancing tread,
It moves, and fills their minds with dread ;
Home o'er the waters, lo 1 it nears
The scene where rise such mingled fears !
Darkness upon the water lies—
Flack clouds obscure the midnight skies ;
All, all is dark, save that one form,
Which radiant seems, e'en in the storm I
More near the vision now is seen
A being of majestic mien ;
Pirai is biiclcp, end cabn his eyy,
Whero billows roll tumultuous by I
Hark I what sweet sounds salute the ear,
Like music, these lone men to cheer !
'TisChrist, whe coming to their aid,
Cries, “It is Z, be not afraid J”
All hail 1 Thou glorious Son of God 1
Thou who hast unharmed the waters trod !
Whom e’en the waves the Lord did greet,
And huaibly knelt te kiss thy feet !
♦ • • e ♦ •
Thus, while on Life’s still chanceful sea,
When storms arise we cannot flee,
May all be by that voice allayed.
Which says, “ ’ Tis I, be not afraid /”
And should all sad and cheerless rise
Dark clouds to veil Hope’s brighter skies,
May Faifb discern amid the Horm.
A Saviour’s voice—a Saviour's form !
THE GOOD OLD PLOW.
From the Genesee Farmer.
A few evenings since we accepted an invita
tion from the Hutchinsons, and attended one
of their Concerts. We were so well pleased
with one of the songs, that we solicited a copy
of the words. It contains truthful sentiment
beautifully expressed : it was enough to make
any one in love with the “Good old Plow,” to
hear it sung by the farmer’s boys of the “Old
Granite State.”
Let (hem aing who may of the battle fray,
And the deads that have long since parsed;
Let them ebant in praise of the tar whose days,
Are spent on the ocean vast.
1 would render to these all the worship you please,
I would honor them even now ;
But I’d give far more from my heart’s full store
To the cause of the Good Old Plow.
Let them Inud tha nates that in music floa f ,
Through tha bright and glittering hall;
While die amorous twirl ofthe hair’s bright curl,
Round (he shoulder of beauty falls;
But dearer to me is the tong from the tree,
And the rich and blossoming bough,
O, those are the sweets which the rustic greets
As ha follows the Good Old Plow.
Ful ! many there be that we daily see,
With a selfish and hollow pride,
Who the plowman’s lot, in his huiuble cot,
With a scornful look deride;
But I'd rather take, ave, a hearty shake,
From his hand than to wealth I’d bow;
For the honest grasp of his hand’s rough clasp,
Has stood by the Good Old Plow.
All honor be then to tlieso gray old men,
When at last they arc bowed with toil,
Their warfare then o’er, they battle no rnnre.
For they’ve conquered the stubborn soil;
And the chaplet each wears, is his silver hairs ;
And ne’er shall the victor’s brow,
With a laurel crown to the grave endown
Like the sons of the Good Old Plow.
MISGILLOTOIJB II-
TERATIIRE AND MEWS.
English Railways,
. ‘s, »a<y inte/esnog account of I
rorotgavu. 'uf Xta bositßi iW.
or, the most complete, and in
•tractive we bate wen, hnd we ddnbt not in
the main is very accurate :
Northampton. England, Oct. 25.. 1850.—1
will give you a chapter on railways in England,
without expecting ail I write will be new to
you. I shall not stop io say you doubtless
know this, or probably understand that ; but
give some of the main features of (hat gigan
tic system of inland travel which ba* com
pletely revolutionized the conveyances, and
in many reaperts the trade of England The
greater wealth and more dense population, no
less than the larger amount of level and les*
mountainous country, have given England
many more railways than Wales, Scotland
and Ireland Not a county in England but
that has Ha railways, and in some of them they
ftcetn to intersect each other almost as ire
quently as cotnmou roads in other countries.
In ridiug along a railway I have often heard
the engines and seen trains pacing near me
on other lines, as we look across farms in
America and see carriages passing on different
roads. The most of the English railway* ore
built one width of track ; 4 feet 10 inches from
the centre of one rail to the centre of another.
But ono or two roads—one die Great West
ern. that runs from London through Bath and
Bristol—hare what is termed the “broad
gunge." a width of a little over 7 feet; tho ex
act width Ido not know. In England. Wab’.s.
Scotland and Ireland there are 5582| miles »>f
railway new in operation. Os this 4545 4
miles are iu England and Wales, 649| in Scot
land, and 387$ in Ireland. Besides nit these
that are finished, there are over 6000 miles
more, for which acts of parliament have been
obtained, but not more than about 1500 miles
ol these arc iu progress of bui'ding The
railways now built cost a litre ever £2OO 000 -
000, or over one thousand million of dollars !
'The average cost of each mile of railway, in
eluding the floating stock, stations, &c., (tech
nically calledp/asLJ is £33.000, (a little over
9150 000) The gross receipts of these rail
ways in 1849 were £ 11,806,(XU); giving a net
profit of £6 729,420, leaving the working ex
pensas £5,076 580, or about 43 per eent. of
receipts Tho average profit on the entire
outlay is a fraction less (han 34 per cent. A
little belter average profit certainly than
tiie dividend as given by Mr. Pips in his diary,
to the emotion of ye stockholder ” 2 pence
ha'penny in the pound! Some railways do
ivt bring that prefit ; but like the one in North
Carolina, from Raleigh to Petersburg!!, Ya., it
brings the proprietors tn debt.
The railways in operation aro owned by
fifty-four different companies, three in En
gland, three in Wales, ten in Scotland and
eight in Ireland Tho companies running
the longest lines are (he London and North
western 5184 miles. Midland 491. Eastern
Counties 322, York, Newcastle and Berwick
290£. York and North Midland 260, Great
Western 2574, Lancashire and Yorkshire
253|. London and Southwestern 242, South
Eastern 2344, and the Great Northern 219.
A few more static lies and we will leave the fig
ures. The longest distance you can go by rail
ways extend, though they are talked of to In
verueM. through Banff, Elgin and Forres.
You take kthe London and Northwester Rail
way at London and go to Birmingham 1124
miles, to Manchester 1974 (from London.) to
Liverpool2loL Carlisle 3004* Glasgow 402-4.
Edinburgh From London to Holyhead, in the
island 3984- Dundee 4454. Aberdeen 537 mots
Anglesea. northwest of Wales, nearest the
coast of Ireland. (34 hour? steaming across to
Dublin.) it is 263 miles. All the distances I
mention arj from Lorxion. West to Bristol
(Great Western Railway,) it is 1184 miles, to
Plymouth 246} ; southwest to Portsmouth —
London and Souihwoster—94 miles ; south
to Brighton—Brighton and South Coast—so 4
miles; southeast to Dover—South Eastern
—B9 miles; northeast to Norwich—Eastern
Counties line —126, to Yarmouth 146 miles.
On the Great Northern line just opened,
north from Londou to Peterborough 76 miles,
Boston 107, Lincoln (in Lincolnshire, faired
for poachers, and Colonel Sibthorp !) 138
miles. Hull 1734. York 210. and farther north
than York, though net on the Great North
ernline, to Newcasde-npon-Tyne, 293. and to
Berwich-upon-Tweed 309| miks. The num
ber of persons employed on the railways iu
operation is 54.0<M). and on the unopened
hues 104,000. In Wales there are no rail
ways except the one in the north, from Ches
ter to Holyhead, and in the south from Chep
stow to Swansea <7F miles.) and one from
Cardiff to Merthyr and Aberdare. The isle
of Wight. Isle of Man. and Jersey and
Guernsey arc without railways, but steamers
run to all of them.
Tlie above figures will give you some idea
of the extent and cost oflh« railways in Great
Britain, with the d t rec:ion. location and length
of some of rhe principal lines. To travel ou.
I prefer, on unny accounts. American rail
ways, but I believe less accident* uke place
nere. The speed also r* ra'.her higher here
than the average speed oa American lines, but
not as much higher as is generally supposed.
Hero (bey run what arw termed “express
trains " once or twice a day. and those run
from 35 to 50. and someutn es 60 miles an hour,
and »lop only at the largest cities. They
charge mucn higher (15 to 30 per cent, high
er) than on rhe ordinary trams, so if a man’s
husiness or pleasure requ ires him to go at a
high rate of speed, he must pav for it. The
average st»eed of mail Iran s may be se; dov, ■
at about 25 miles an hour. Ido not think ii
greater; and then all trains are si owe 1
suit
The slowest train is the ‘ parliamentarj
train,” running onco a day. VVii< nan act <>
parliament b granted for chartering a railway
I there is a! wavs a stipulation that there “ ehal
beatrain at least once a day, at some conve
nient hour, thatshall carry passengers covered ir
carriages at a rate of speed not les? than twelve
miles an hour, and ala charge not exceeding a
penny (two cents) a mile.” These pariia
mentary trains ga very slow; and though
. there are Ist and 2d class’carriages in the train,
bu* few persons go in them if they can go ala
different hour and train as well. The passen
gers hy parliamentary trains are usually the
poorer cla-s, whose money is more an object
than the time occupied in travelling. English
people, in travelling, as at home, must he ex
clusive, so there can be no other wny but to
ent the carriages up into little pens each room
holding from six to eight pearoiis. Our long,
light, elegant railway ca riages would not suit
the English at ail, as they are too public.
The parliamentary carriages here are usu
ally termed third class, though there are other
trains that have third class carriages at about
the same rates, usually a little higher; but the
carriages are most generally open to the wea
ther—a mere sheep pen, some four feet high,
with seats or forms in it. The first class car
riages have every comfort—seats cushioned al)
over, three persons on a seat, with a sort of
halt partition between each person to lean the
head against; two seats in each room of a
carriage facing one another, so that half ride
backwards, and three of these rooms in a rail
way carriage, doors opening to the side, and
and no end doors. The trains usually stop
just before arriving at the end of the line, and
the “guards”—equivalent to our railway
“conductors”—go along and collect the tick
els in each carriage, an operation that could
be performed while the train was travelling,
if the guard could go the whole length of the
us v.'ith ?■ ?. r _■>.
At the smaller or “way stations,” they don’t
use our ugly French-English term 4 depet;”
neither do they speak of “cars” or ‘railroads”
—there are gates where the passengers walk
out and give their tickets up to the person in
attendance, instead of having them collected
by stopping as they do at the end of the line
/\ greater efficiency and safety of the English
railways consists in there always being a double
track and in there being rarely any level
crossirgs, so that in the cities or the country
the common road* pass either under or over
the railroads. That of course makes the ex
pense of construction much greater, but there
is far less danger of accidents and less deten
tion. Trains in passing along a line always
go on the left hand track. They use n ' rars
but those of cast iron, of the T, H, or U pat
tern The 2d class carriages, which I did mot
describe, have three rooms like the Ist class,
but a hard board seat without a cushion, four
persons on a scar, the back of which is the
partition. Seinetimes the partitions are cut
down to the shoulders, letting two rooms into
one. The 3d class (“parliamentary’*) carria
ges are much like the 2d class, qui.e as com
fortable, but larger,containing fifteen or twenty
persons in a room, and (he company nearly
as ‘‘select” and ‘ respectable” as the 2d class.
Not an eighth part of the travel is iu the Ist
class carriages, nor half of it in the 2d, but
nearly one gross half of all the passengers trav
el in the 3d class carriages
When I first came to this country I travel
led altogether in the firs! class, but I soon learn
ed it was not only very expensive, but that
very few of the most respectable business er
professional gentlemen or ladies travelled hy
that class. A portion of the “nobility” and
“gentry ” travel by the first class carriages,
but the most of the respectability ”by the
second and third. To give you an idea of
fa e«, I will state the different rates between Liv
erpool and London —201 miles. First class
••express” X 2 ss, (almost $11); first class
••mail train” £2 Is ; and the first class ordinary
trains £1 17?. Second class, “mail” £1 Ils
9d; second class ordinary trams £1 7« ; and
the third class, (“parliamentary” J6s 9d, bo
iug just a penny a mile. The above are a fair
average of prices by the English railways ac
cording to distance. Lately the different rail
ways have been in the habit ofgiving what they
call excursions.” They send an “ excursion
train” from London to Bristol (118£ miles)
nearly every Sunday, with fares there and
back from sto 9 shillings sterling; but ordi
nary travellers, who have luggage, are not
allowed to go by the excursion tram, and must
pay two or three lunes as much. A few days
ftgo I went from here (Northampton) to Lon
don, (67 miles) and back, staying two days in
London, and all for 5 shillings, in first carriage-
The second class passengers paid 3" 9d. There
were forty to fifty carriages and near two thou
sand persons, drawn by three engines, Some
notice is taken of the different persons who
travel by different c'asses of carriages, and fun
ny meetings and encounters often occur.
Earl Grosvenor, eldest sou and heir to the es
tate and title of the Marquiss of WestmiuH.er,
who is noted as being one of the meanest as
wen as one of the richest uublem«n ia |ing
alwajs travels, I am told, by third c!ac|4»rriage,
n ,*me .vs abf> * 1
sot yAwv The Marquiss of Duuru, tha eldest
von of jhe‘ iron duke,”got into a third clase
carriage on a rail way at York, and gen
tlemen travelling by first class carriages played
a joke on him. they went to the third class
cariages and picked out two of the roughest
and dirtiest looking laboring men they could
find, and hired them lo go and squeeze them
selves down on each side of him.
He did not seem the least annoyed, but en
tered into conversation v' ilh two soldiers near
him, and by professing lo have once been in
the service, and in their regiment, “the glo
rious 93d,” he got familiar with them, and
paid for tickets and got them to go and get in
to the first class carriages with his quondam
friends who treated him to the laborers’ com
pany, and thus turned (bo joke upon them.
Last year there were 64,060,000 passengers
by railway, who travelled an aggregate of
over 845 000.000 of miles, or nine times the
distance from the ear’.h to the sun! Os that
number of passengers only five person? were
killed—not a very great number, certainly,
considering the amount of travel. There
were over one hundred times as many travel
lers as there were twenty years ago during
the days of stage coaching. 8o much for the
railways of Great Britain. I may probably re
fer to the subject in a future paper. I remain,
sir, yours most truly, Communipaw.
HI arc li of the Mounted Riflemen to Ore
gon.
The Republic is indebted to the courtesy of
the Quartermaster General of the United
States Arinv.Gen. Jasup, ter the p'ivilege es
perusing “A Report.” in lhe form of a Jour
nal, of the March of the Mounted Riflemen
Oregon, from May 10m to October 5 th,
18’49. by Major O. Cross. Quartermaster Uni
ted' States Army. It is a document of rare
interest arid value-
On the 25th of April. 1849 Major Cross
was instructed by the Quartermaster Gene
ral to proceed to St Louis and report to Col.
Mackay foriervice with the Oregon expedi
tion He on that day departed tram Wash
ington. and ar rived at St. Louis on the 8 h of
May. when du cholera precipitated his de
parture on Ilia lOlb, the troops having depart
ed before his arrival, lie arrived at Fart
Leavenworth el i the 19lh. when be learned
that the troops were ten days in advance of
him. On the 20 tb he departed for Fort Kear
ny, with a small re»e>rl, and soon encountered
cold and rainy weather. We will let the Ma
jor describe his itutuspioiotis starting :
It had been tbres telling to rain ail the morn
ing. and continued cold. The sky was be
coming overcast by heavy clouds that worn
rising rapidly in the st uthwest, and it began to
rain very hard before r eaching the base ol the
hill over which our road led ; here we began
to realize the labor and trouble wmeh wore tn
store for us. The evening was ono of the
most unpleasant that I ever experienced.
The rain poured down in torrents, as if the
clouds had been rent a sunder by the heavy
thunder, which seemed to increase as the vivid
lightning flashed incessantl y around us. '1 ho
whole sky was at moments wrapped in one
dark canopy, while at others it presented one
glare of lightning. Having reached the base
of the hill, we foiled it necessary, from the
weak condition of our mules, to attach twelve
of them to cue wagon to pull u p about twelve
hundred pomids ; and. with the’ assistance of
all hands at the wheels, we su seceded, after
two hours’ work, in reaching th* top ®f *he
hilt in the midst of the storm, anil continued
our march, which brought us to a s mail stream,
about lour miles from the garrison- alter sun
down, where we made our encampixient for
the night.
It continued to rain very hard, and as wood
was scarce, and we had no means o f kindling
a tire, the party placed themselves under cover !
as soon as possible, without having eaten any- i
thing since morning. As for myself, 1 was I
completely overcome by fatigue, and much
harrassed by the gloomy prospects before me
Everv stitch of clothes I had on was thorough
ly drenched, and in this condition I was taken
with a fever, which lasted several hours ; but
during the night it passed off. and in the morn
ing I was much gratified to find myself skfo to
resume my j >urney.
My outfit was as indifferent a one as ever
left lor any station, much less the Rocky Moun
tains. The mules were poor, unbroken, and
by no means calculated tor such a march as I
we had to perform The drivers were not j
only stupid, but totally ignorant of their duty. ■
as they had never been employ ed in this cap i- ■
citv before, and seemed to have no other oh- i
ject in view than to reach the gold region wnn •
the least possible expense or tiouble to them- i
selves ; they were, however, the best among
those left at’Leavenworth by the regiment, aad
I had no alternative but to take them.
After farther describing his difficulties, he
adds :
This was the beginning of a long and hazar
dous journey, filled with difficulty and labor.
* We were soon to find ourselves on a desert
I waste, catoff from aH resources except tnese
we might bars with us.
WATFARXRS.
I May S3.—We commenced making pre para-
. '.ions at half-past 3 o’clock this morning and
| started as soon as it was light enough to see
the road. It was a cold, misty morning, and
the thermometer was as low as 43° st sunrise,
making a difference of 22- during tbs eight.
'1 be country begin to rise. and. with the ex
caption of lire distant wood on the borders of
several small streams and the valley of the
Missouri, nothing could be seen but a aigb
rolling prairie.
VUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY ifOttNlNG. NOVEMBER 27, 1850.
’ We had been travelling for the last three
I day? on a trail made partly by the Oregon ex
pedition, but had not proceeded very far, this
I . morning, before a new scene broke suddenly
' i upon cur view. Wo here came into a road
i as large as any public, highway in the United
3 States, leading from St. Joseph’s and Weston.
1 ! Large trains were coming in, from all points
■ ! on the Missouri river, on trails intersecting
1 j this great highway, which was to lead them,
• after endless toil and much suffering, to the
1 gold region. Al! these trails followed ridges
• which placed the wagons, frequently, in such
' positions that they seemed to ba crossing the
L prairie in every direction ; and, as their whhe
1 covers were well trimmed, they looked at a
• distance not unlike vessels on the wide ocean.
steering for different parts of the globe. For
1 the first time, we passed one or two wagons
• to-day that bud broken down, and also several
person? returning, who had already lost their
cattle, which they were ready, of course, to
attribute to the Indians, and not to their own
neglect. The truth was. they had become dis
couraged, and were willing to make any ex
cuse to return rather than to continue the
journey.
In this day’s march I overtook Capt. Gran
ger, of the Rifle Regiment, whom I passed,
and about 6 o’clock in the evening made my
encampment on the prairie, where I found a
small stream, which was entirely dos’itute of
wood, there being but three solitary trees to
be seen. The day was very fine, and the dis
lance travelled was about twenty-five miles.
At this encampment our horses found an abun
dance of gras? The evening was very pleas
ant, and the thermometer, at 6 o’clock P. M
stood at 62 deg. I learned, to-dav, that the
command was not over seventy miles in ad
vance of me.
culty.
A Ct-:- ... 7.
appearance along tW route, aW the n-Uruher'
who had died with
that the emigrants were suffering greatly
from its effects. They were truly to be pitied,
as no aid in any way could be afforded them ;
on the contrary, they were often compelled to
travel when it was almost death to them to be
moved.
26th. —It was cold and rainy this morning.
From the great exposure which the parly had
been subjected to, a teamster was taken with
the pleurisy, whi’e one of he escort wan seiz
ed with the cholera. Having no medical aid
along, our situation was certainly a very un
pleasant one. We, however, administered to
them *m h medicine as we had with us, and
rendered all the assistance in our power ; but,
being compelled to continue our march, it was
impossible to make them the least comfortable
It would be useless to attempt to enumerate
the deaths thrt occurred among the emigrants.
The graves along the road too plainly told us
that the cholera was prevailing to an alarming
extent. At this point we were one hundred
and thirty eight miles from Fort Leavenworth
and one hu> dred and seventy two miles from
Fort Kearny, entirely cut oif from all assis
tance, or the least possible means of getting
any relief It was out of the question to lie
by ; for, being in (ho rear, we were compelled
to move rapidly on to overtake the command
It was a serious subject to think of, and I knew
of no danger that 1 w ould not sooner 1 e expos
ed to than again tnffer the uneasiness of mind
which I experienced at this lime; for we had
notonlyfull proof of the prevalence of this
dreadful scourge along the road, but were ac
tually carrying it with us in our wagons.
Jenny Lind visiting the Blind.
We take pleasure in publishing, the following
deeply interesting account of Jenny Lind's vis
it to the New York asylum for the Blind, in
which it will be seen that her benevolent fee!
ingsare manifested on every proper occasion.
It will be remembered that at the entertain
ment given to her by the Mayor of New York,
sho declined ‘o sing for the gratification of the
company. What she Jid in the presence of a
large group ofthe poor blind inmates of the
Asylum, the reader may gather from the an
nexed account.
From the New York Post cf Wednesday.
The distinguished songstress yesterday paid
a visit of mere (han ordinary interest to the
Asylum for the Blind on Thirty-fourth street.
Ad no: ice of her intended visit had been care
fully kept from the inmate** of the institution,
none ofwhGin, net even the Superintendent,
Mr. Chamberlain, being aware of her pur
pose till she was presented to him by Mr. John
Jay, who with his family and one or two
friends, attended her. This secrecy had been
observed less Miss Lind’s desire to give the
pupils a substantial pleasure should be frus
trated by a crowd of visiters, whom the
knowledge of her purpose would attract tu the
place, and who had other opportunities of
hearing her sing to better advantage
The party arrived at the asylum about half
past twelve, and upon her expressing a wil
lingness to sing to the pupils a few ofhersongs
Air. Chamberlain d.rec cd the bell lo be rung.
In afojutfive minntes the party was azked into
hled, al! igrsm ant as yu { oft the
unusual summcns. There Were tfl/otA
hundred and thirty of those unfortunate*
whose eyes
“ Bereft of light, their seeing had forgot,”
and whn strove in vain to giatify th» i*uansA
curiority und«» which their restlessness and
intent expression, showed they were labor
ing.
When Mr. Chamberlain announced to them
tho generous compliment which Miss Lind
was about paying them, there was a general
expression of surprise and delight. Her fame
had obviously preceded her into this abode of
darkness, and every one of its stricken inmates
seemed to appreciate the privilege that was in
store for them,and the wide distinction of her
to whom they owed it.
After laying aside her hat and glo.es, Mirs
Lind then proceeded to the piano, and com
menced one .Cher moot choice melodies, the
name of which doos not occur to us. At first
all the .motions among the pupils seemed to
be swallowed op in surprise, from which they
did not recover even in the second piece
They seemed to be painfully intent upon every
note that fell from her lips betrayisg in the
play of their features and changes of c'lor,
their susceptibility to the variable effects of the
music.
The third piece she sang was the song of
the Birdling. By this time the pupils began to
realize what had happened, and to understand
that the famous Jenny Lind had come and was
actually singing to them. They now gave
themselves up wholly to the pleasure of the
music,and when they listened to the vocal feats
which have made the bird song so popular,
they seemed worried that lhey had no way o
adequatelyexpressingtlieirdelight Theycou i
not exchange with each other looks ol adm r
ration, and they had never learned bow ethe
audiences are accustomed “to wreak their feel
ings upon expression” in the concert room-
It was curious to watch the smile of pleasure
creep over their faces, and give place betimes
to a stern or s«d expression, according to their
relative susceptibilities, ail strongly contrasted
with the comparatively passive features of
those who have al! their senses perfect to
share the labor of observation and the pleas
ure of enjoyment. When Miss Lind arose
from the piano the pupils no longer attempted
to restrain their expressions of delight, but
spoke to each other about her singing with
as much enthusiasm as if they had just awa
kened to the pleasure of a new tense.
We then were invited to walk through the
institution, and it was gratify ing to perceive
that, though our visit had not been anticipated,
the most perfect neatness and order aeeuied to
pervade the establishment. The pupils throng
ed about Miss Lind wherever sire moved, and
were perfectly happy when she took them, us
she did a great many by the hand and address
ed them All who were presented to her tes
tified in their quaint and attless ways, tbedeep
eet sensibility and gratitude for her attention.
One little girl, of about sixteen, <o whom our
eyes had been attracted during the singing, by
her absorbed and delightful expression of coun
tenance. and a particularly small pair of bands,
which she held quietly in her lap, urged her
way modestly through the crowd of her com
panions, and said, jokingly, that she wanted tfi
sn-e Jenny Lind Miss Lindtook hold of her
delicate little hand and said, “Poor thing, I
wish you could see the sky.” “Oh ! ’ said the
girl, promptly, ’I shall see that in heaven, and
1 shall see you there, too.” “But.” said Miss
Lind, “you may have a much higher place
there than 1.” The ready response, though
confused and rather inarticulate, of the li tie
girl, imported that none but angels would oc
cupy higher seats in heaven than Miss Liud.
To another pupil who approached, she sail,
placing her hands upon her shoulders, •• Are
: you en'.'rely bund I” “Yes.” was the reply.
I • Cannoty’OU se * at a " f —cannot you see me I’
“No.” sail/ the girl t “ but hearing is the
greater bießxTDg now.
' In reply to *>»« inquiries about musical cul
ture in lli'e ins’itution. Mr. Cnaoiber'ain in
formed ns that v .-scai and instrumental music
w-re taught quite extensively. The piano
and the organ, and a variety of wind ios'.ru
nrents, we're used by the pupils of one or
both sexes, a fine band b"-d been organixed,
and a number of graduau's were employed as
orgaoistsinciiarci.es. lie then invited two
of the young ladies to perfo*fDi ou the piano
and tn sin.i. No young was ever
more delighted al receiving a Q invitation to
s>ogin the presence of royalty.- than were
ibo!>e poor things at the opportuiXijy ot per
forating before Jenny Lind, and H hut just
to them to say, that iiie»r execution »*as very
creditable. The pleasure which her v?eit had
conferred open the school was so grea‘l that
Mi?j Lind intimated a disposition to visit them
again if she could p. find the time. €t«e
left about 2 o’clock, having given in ibe cou<**>
tl a sincle hour, to loose a.ricken t»offerer»‘
a/Mr, Chamberlain very graceiußy remarked
to them at the close of the ringing, “a graud
eation, the like of which they hau never en
joyed before and iu all probability would
never enjoy again."
We have seen Miss Lind on many occasions,
when she was receiving the rapturous ap
r’aase of ti>oasand«, but we never aaw her ap
pear to such advantage as when she stood tne
cynosure of ibis throng ofbiind children upon
whom she was dispensing with infinite grace,
her tenderness and sympathy.
The wars'eimer *’Lioenader.” built for the
Venez ielean government, was launched at
Philadelphia on Saturday. The launch took
I p iace just six weeks after the kell was laid. .
A Genuine Yantkce.
A son of tho “land of ly habits,” who
is fond of a little quiet humor, sent us the
i following graphic sketch genuine, una
i dulterated yankee :
Definition of a YANKEKy—-As the Yan
i keen are creating no little in the
i commercial, political and ihiwtary world, we
hope our definition of a real genuine male
Yankee may not be con»ider*»y miss
A real genuine Yankee is icfh of animation,
shocked by moderation, giiidetf by determina
tion, and supported by education.
He has veneration by toleration,
with a love of emulation;
and when reduced to a f aggravation,
can assume the must profound dissimulation
lor the purpose of retaliation,:.ulway« combin
ed, il possible, with Hpectilatinjji.
A » u d live Yankee, just caught, wiil be found
not deficient in the following qualities:—
He is self denying, self-reljimg, always try
ing and into everything pryinM .
He is a lover of piety, propriety, notoriety
and the temperance society.
He is a dragging, gagging, fragging, striv
ing. thriving, swopping, jostling, bustling,
wrestling, musical, quizzical astronemieal,
poetical, philosophical and conical sort of a
character, whose manifest deli’iy is to spread
civilization to he remotest corner of the earth,
with an eye always on the Hole out for the
main chance.
A Touching Scene — Triump\ o f Patriot
ism over Pr judice.— A friend. Adi described to
us a most interesting scene wbrjlh was witness
ed a few days ago in the streesfot Lexington.
An old Democrat, who had ’ itn through life
a tuoal decided and of Mr.
Clay, who had permitted t- r-T.-judico U*
make him believe (feat r r >? - .L'?cki?tn I
last session of
(he first time since his return home, uponjhe
side-walk. As they approached other,
the old Democrat seized Mr. CLiy’shard!; and,
holding it with a firm grasp for; nearly ten
minutes, told him, iu a voice shaken by feeling,
and with streaming eyes, how grateful he was
to himf>rhis patriotic efforts in the recent
crisis. The venerable statesman was scarcely
less moved than the other. His eyes too were
suffused with tears, while he declared his untuk
fulness that he had been permitted to aid in the
adjustment of the dangerous controversy.
Henry Chy bus bad many triumphs; but we
do not believe that any of them ever sent a
thrill of richer gratification to his heart than
this tearful homage to his truth and patriotism,
extorted from one who had for long years dis
trusted and denounced him.— Frankfort (Ky.)
Commonwealth.
A New York letter in the Washington Republic
says : Mr. William W. Stary, only son of the late
Judge Story, a gentleman of rare accomplishments,
abandoned ths pro'ession of th® law s me ibreo or
four years since, and went to Italy to perfect himself
in the art of sculpture, for which he evinced un'’om
mon ta'entrf. A saort time before the death of his
father he executed a bast of (bat distinguished jurist,
in marble, a opy of which has been ordered tor the
Inner I’ernrle, London. Mr Story bus recently re
turned from Rome, and has brought with him some
remarkably fine models which he made while there;
one of them, a girl writing with her finger in (he
sand the word love, is a work of great beauty and
tenderness of expraaoion. Mr. Story is at present
on a visit to his friends in Boston, bu- will return n
Rome with hia family, in th® spring, to join his coun
trymen, Rowers, Greenough, Crawford, Mosier, and
others of le.-s note, who find it more congenial to their
tastes, as welt us more profitable in~a pecuniar*/
view, to prosecute their art in a ciiy which has noth
ing but remnants of antiquity to boast of, thin to re
side in iieir native country, where the only objects
of art are thos® that they cieate themselves.
Price of Labor in Sardinia.— A letter from
Turin, Sardinia, to tho Newark Advertiser,
mvr the average price of land there is about
$266 per acre, and that it is generally owned
by nobles. The letter adds :
A field-laborer, who understands his busi
ness thoroughly, receives the sum of 100
francs, (sl9) per year, and, if he behaves him-
self, a present of two shirts and a pair of panta
loons from his master. A farm woman gets
for one year’s slavery, 30 francs (.$6) and a
coarse dress or two. Aman who boards bim
self, takes services for a year at SJJ7O. A wo
man for S4O! You ask how they live—“po
tenta,” is tho answer—lndian meal; baked
between hot stones, and cabbases for extra
feasts. Upon the railway aad public roads, a
smart, first rate man can earn 30 cents per
day in summer, and 25 in winter, boarding
himself-—the average is below this. A woman
‘navvy,” and (here are thousands of them who
pick, dig, spade, wheel and dump, receives 14
cents, and an active boy 12. A horse, cart and
man, can bo had for 85 cents per day, where
larga forces are required. The excavation on
the railway are, in part, mane by lusty women.,
who carry away the dirt in baskets upon their
haads.’ ‘
k?ng br**ed : ; :■ r rn r x
with iKree <4' passing the
throntba efrzjftr thirt the sods
may be well mixed wi'inTna flour ; to one quart
of water add a (ablespooitful of muriatic acid in
fox3jujrv>ur •*»«4Lintothe flour,
and uhx the v<ho;c Ju*r enougnTa
gredients wholly incorporated together.
the hand in cold water, and mould into shape ;
slip it at once intu the oven, and during the
cooking of any meal with five minutes* labor,
you can have ex ellent bread. Tne soda and
acids cons'itute the elemeHts of common salt,
and they not only raise the bread by combina
ii»n, but salt it in tho Try the experi
ment. ladies — Western Advocate.
Extraordinary Human Curiosities.—Mr.
S. B. Knox arrived at the Tremont House
with two Kaana chi'dren ,a boy and girl, of an
almost extinctrace ofCentral America. They
are the moat outre looking objects ever brought
to this country. The boy is 32 inches in height,
find weighs 16 pounds, and, in the opinion of
Or. Gilman Watts, of New York, is about 10
years of age. The girl is 28 inches in height
weighs fourteen pounds, and is supposed to
be about 6 years of age. Their heads,arc not
larger than a new born infant’s and they may
be almost said to be destitute of foreheads,
while (heir noses are finely developed, straight
and long, and project at a well defined angle.
Their eyes are full dark, and lustrous. Their
heads a<e covered with strong dark hair, which
descends forward nearly to the eyebrows
The face is very sharp, the upper lip projec
ting, and the chin reaching in a corresponding
degree Notwithstanding the almost entire
absence of forehead, there is not in the profile
view the least resemblance to the Setnmil
tribe ; they are said to bel.-ng to the surviving
remnant of an aueient order or priesthood call
ed Kaunas, which, by constant intermarriage
wiihiu lheir own caste, has dwindled down to
a few individuals diminutive in statue and imbe
cile in intellect. Their heads and frees resem
ble cxac-ly the figures on lite bas reliefs on the
tompie ruins described iu Stephens’ Central
America. They are orphans, and, at the close
of av.-ar between two of tire Aztec tribes, fell
into the hands of a traveller named Hammond
They a e lively, playful and affectionate, but
all attempts to teach them a word of English
have thus far proved unsuccessful; but they
occasionally utter a few gibberish sounds.—
Bsston Pott.
A Siberian Wister.—The traveller in Si
heria. during the winter, is so enveloped in
furs that he can scarcely move; and under the
thick fur hood, which is fastened to the bear
skin cellar and covers the whole face, one can
only draw in, as it were by stealth, a little es
ihi external air, which is so keen that it causes
a very peculiar and painful feeling to the
throat and lungs. The distance from one halt
ing plaee to another takes about ten hours,
during which time the traveller must always
continue on horseback, as the cumbrous dress
makes it insupportable to wade through the
snow. 'Hie poor horsessuffer at least a« much
as their riders, for besides the general effect of
the cold, they are tormented by ice forming in
their nostril* and stepping their breathing.
WEen they inTfrit-rtr this try a snort
and a convulsive shaking of the head, the
drivers relieve tbem by taking out the pieces of
ice, to save them from being suffocated.
When the icy ground is not covered by snow,
thier hoof* often burst from the effec s of the
cold. The caravan is always surrounded by a
thick vapor; it is not only living bodies which
produce this effect, but even the snow smokes.
These evaporations are instantly changed into
millions of needle* of ice, which fill the air,
and cause a constant slight noise, resembling
the sound of torn satin or thick silk. Even the
reindeer seeks tlie forest to protect himself
from the intensity of the cold. In the tundras,
where there is so shelter to be found, the
whole herd crowd together as close as possible
to gam a little warmth from each other, and
may be seen standing in this way quite motion
less. Only the dark bird of the winter, the
raven, stilldeleaves the icy air with along line
of thin vapor, mxtking the track of his solitary
flight. The intfaence of the cold extends
even to inanimate nature.
Tile thickest minks of trees are rent .asun
der, with a loud tound, which, in these deserts
falls on the ear Ifce a signal shot at sea ; large
masses of rock are torn from their ancient
sitee; the ground in the tundras and in the
rocky valleys cneks, forming wide yawning
fissures from whch the waters, which were be
neath tl.e f urlaer rise, giving off a cloud of va,
par. and becomeimmediately changed into ice.
The effect of tbs degree of cold extends even
bey ond the eazh. The beauty of the deep
polar rar, so ofen «nd so justly praised, disap
pears in the delse atmosphere which the in
tensity of cold (reduces. Tne s ars still glisten
tn the' firmamelt. but lheir brilliancy is dim
med. — Travd.3 in tie xVortA.
A Isle Sau Ixaneisco paper has the follow
ing paragraph;
A few days since an American opened a
hole at the h td of Jackass Gulch, near the
Stanislaus, and after digging some eight or
u . He iVet. fount imbedded in the slate a small
coin, perfectly black. After rubbing it some
time l.e discoveed it to baa copper coin abeu:
the size of au Jnglish shilling. On one side is
ttie tepresei'Kion es the sun, and on the eth
er an Indian with bow and arrow in band
sbeotina at a>ird iu a tree. Tiie da*e of the
coin is so mtcii worn you cau only discern
1 inre* The coin was purchased
by Mr. = Btili sad »ent W Dr- Radcliff.
Anniversary* Ad<lrei*s South Carolina
Institute.
At an early hour last evening, say® the
Courier of Tuesday, tha spacious interior of
the Theatre presented a most brilliant spec
tacle. From the pit to the third tier, and in
every nook an 1 corner of the stage, the pas
sage ways and staircases, was congregated an
array of beauty, fashion and intelligence, equal
to any previous assemblage which we have
witnessed within the walls of th is edifice. Ou
being introduced to tho audience, Judge Lump
kin was received with enthusiastic applauso— i
and while making his introductory remarks, j
the breathless silence which pervaded the as
semblage, betokened the deep interest mani I
fested both in the orator and his subject.
observed that he had never coveted the gift of'
eloquence so much as on the present occasion,
standing ns he did in the place whero the con- j
summate masters of tho art had long been ac
customed to achieve the most signal triumphs
ever won in the exercise of this nob'e faculty
—addressing an audience, which for genius, i
taste and refinement, would compare advan- ,
tagsously wnh any in the Union. Neverthe
less, at the call of the Association, whose An
niversary they had met to commemorate, he
.j v., to W X UIV, in,
appeared before them with an ardent desire
to contribute his co-operation in the cause for
which the Association had been organized—a
cause upon which the prosperity and glory
of our State depends. He next spoke of the
imposing exhibition we are about to witnes?,
in the approaching Fair of the Institute—of
the triumph of mind over animate and inani
mate matter —the era of progress wbieh lias
beguH-lo dawn upon us. Knowledge is no
»<i up in cloii’ers. The press,
tndinous labors—diti'us
' co among the peo
/■ • > incu>-..-y
aimpetus which wilt
ev^tuariymSK^W"a vireaLny, productive and
independent nation. Agriculture and me
chanic arts are fast tending to that spirit of
affiliation which will serve to render their in
terests one, and their mutual advancement in
separable. With great copiousness of dotatl
the orator dwelt for nearly two hours, with
out the rapt attention of his auditors for a
moment abating, on the inexhaustible resour
ces of the South, fur not on’y producing the
materials necessary to enable her people to
live within themselves, but for working up her
raw material into elegant and useful fabrics.
He forcibly illustrated the bearing of the in
terests of Agriculture, the Mechanic Arts, ami
Education, upon each other—and earnestly
urged the necessity cf a reform in oar system
of education, by making them more decidedly
practical, and regulated with strict regatd tu
the business of life, (be development of indus
try, and the cultivation of that condition of
self-dependence, which is the only safe-guard
of our political and social equality. One sug
gestion especially struck us as exceedingly
well timed and feasible, viz : that at tho ap
proaching World’s Convention—the State of
South Carolina should send as one of her
chief contributions, a specimen of the cotton
plant, as an emblem of that great element of
power, the mighty lever which exerts so vast
an influence over the trade of civilized
world, and makes intercourse with us the de
sire of all nations.
We would not pretend in (he circumscribed
limits of a notice like this, to do any thing like
justice to such a production as that of which
we speak, which so long euchainod the un
wavering attention of a promiscuous congro
gation of all ages, sexes and conditioas. Nur
can we attempt to portray on paper, the gia
lilicatiou which it afforded us, and all who
were present, to listen to the high-to»ed and
manly sentiments, the judicious aud season
able counsels, the convincing arid logical argu
ments, iho startling ami inconteshblo facts,
which il developed, and the just and unavoid
able conclusion* which it forced upon every
reflecting mind. The address will be publish
ed in pamphlet form by the Institute, and will,
wo trust be read, studied and its precepts
carried out by every one who desires the pros
perity of the Sltte and the SLuiih.
The Fair at the Military Hall will be opened
to day, and continue open during the week.
I rom the Charleston Courier of Wednesday.
The Fair of the So. Ca. Institute.
First Day.—This elegant exhibition was
first opened to the public yesterday morniug.
The variety and beauty of the specimens, ta.-te
and system ofthe arrangements of the Hall,
and me zeal and energy displayed iu the man
agement, reflect the highest credit upon the
Iristituto, its officers and managers and contri
butors. Among so vast a of material, all
demanding and meriting a due share of the at
tention of visitors, and the prompt notice of
the press, it is difficult to decide where to be
gm to inspect and record, and oar good friends
must excuse us, if, in the haste of preparing
details, or the want of sufficient space to give
each and all at once a-i prominent a place in
the picture as we could desire, arty important
'..fences ahould e«-
The most'conspicuous object which arrests
the attention ofthe spectator on onterihg the
premises, is tfia Steam girtMr.'
McLeiah. for the purpose of propelling various
kinds of machinery iu the apartment® on the
first fluor of the building; also an improved
Ric« Thresher from J M Eason A Brother ;
cleani lwisl,n ’ rn ; " '"”= hi,ie f ?, r
<,r 4w. t inv ( .meiK?; l 2' c ‘ ed o w, , 1 ? oa,ro11 ;
New York. Ona of these ioitnA r - k “ u^ r ' ’ ,
for upland cotton, is in successful operau^Vk
the plantation of Col. Wade Hampton, and a
sample of cotton from the latter is on exhibi
tion at the Fair, from that geniieman’s place.
As we enter the Hall, we encounter a novel
and beautifully constructed Filing Machine,
patented by the inventor, Mr. J. P. firown, of
Columbus, Ga.; a Cotton Gin, by E. T. Tay
lor & Co., of the same place, Next comes a
large Counting House Desk, with drawers,
divisions, and all necessary appurtenances—
the wood brought from Orangeburgh district,
and the work done as woll as it could b » done
in the North, by J. P. Alley, at May’s Cabi
net Ware room, Queen-street ; a model of a
Geometrical Stair Case and a Self-Elevating
Ladder, by R. S. R. Chrietzburg. another of
our own mechanics; a Portable Case of Den
tist’s Instruments, made by G. Heinz, of Co
lumba, which for ehgance of workinwsh p
and delicacy of polish, Sheffield and Burming
ham, at the World’s Convention, would find
it hard to beat; a Miniature Steam Engine,
constructed during a viei’. to the North, the
past summer, by an ingenious young towns
man, R C. Gilchrist; a first attempt at Litho
graphing* giving evidence of a remarkable
turn for the art. by F A. Beecher; sample* of
Iron and Nails, from the Swedish Manufac
turing Company, Cherokee Ford. Union Dis
trict; Broom* and Brushes, inamifaetnrod
from Broom corn, at the factory of Henry S.
Tew, near Mount Pleasant, Christ Chnreh
Parish.
Pacing on from these, a variety of samples
of needlework, embroidery and millinery, at
test that the delicate fingers of Eve’s industrious
daughters, have been busy in lending their co
operation in this tasteful, and by no means,
unimportant branch of the arts. We ar* dis
posed to find fault v. Ph Home of our friends
who hurry over this department of this exhi
bi’ion, as too trivial for more than a ha«ty
glance, and who would confine their paneyge
rics altogether to tho Cotton Bales and Bun
dles of Hay. There are few things, alas! toe
few, that our young ladies generally can or
will do, in the way of industrial pursuits, ex
cept in the lighter departments of labor, mo«t
suited to their sex, and in these, they should be
encouraged by every possible token of appro
val. We have, however, several instances to
notice, of achievements by this class of con
tributors to the exhibition, which, in patient
and laborious perseverance, ta*te and ingenui
ty, will stand in favorable competition with
any thing emanating from the lordly sex.—
Among these are conspicuous a representation
nJ Washington delivering his b'arewell Address.
(cheneille work) put up in one of Bird’s
gorgeously ornamented gilt frames, so much
admired by all who have seen them, executed
by Mrs. Roberts, of this city ; a Quilt, by Mrs
G. W. Walker, composed of 16.317 pieces,
and ornamented with 441 stars ; and a variety
of samples of embroidery, bv Miss A. Solomon
But the centre of attraction, just at present*
is that exquisite little gem of a Carriage, in
mmature, complete—Charleston make m eve
ry particular, materials all prepared here, (and
ready to be raffled after the clos-e of the Fair :
i» ought to be sent to th* World’s Conven
tion first) by its owner and builder, Mr. John
Ariman, whose skill and industry, and that of
hia father before him. have given a high repu
tation for good workmanship to every thing
coming from the old stand, in Archdale-street,
in the estimation of his numerous patrons.
We shall have more to say about this Carriage
hereafter. Meanwhile, let none of our friends
who visit the Fair, forget to walk over to the
farther end of the If all and feast their eyes for
an hour or two on this bijou of a curiosity, if
they can mike their way through the groups
of little boys and girls, who all seem eager
to take a ride in it on the spot. The Hall is
open until after 9 o’clock in the evening, and
brilliantly illuminated with gas.
From the Charleston Courier.
The Fair of the So* Ca. Institute*
We continue our notices of such articles as
have come especially under our observation,
devoting as much space to them as other pres
sing matter* will admit.
Model if a H‘U»e with Furniture—in Shell
IVotk. — A task of many months of labor and
pains taking—by Mrs- Beecher of this ci:y
Design for a Diploma fur the institute. —
Chastely executed with the pen—by Robert
C. G.lcbriet-
Portraits of Washington and Calhoun.— by
R S. Begg-, of Augusta, 17 years of age.
exhibiting e remarkable degree of proficiency
m so youthful a devotee of tnis tasteful art.
Piano Stool Covers— pretty little pieces of
ne*. work, by Misses “ E. J. B.” aud “J. S.”
two industrious little ladies, only seven year?
of age—for which they deserve a Diploma
from the Society, and an extra holiday from
their teacher.
Specimens of fine Cassiineres. from the Rock
island Factory, North Carolina—the quality
of which is as good as any gentleman Deed de
sire to wear for Sundays, and too good for
every day business purposes. Let our young
connoisseurs in dress, make “ Rock Islands ”
the fashion this winter, and the clothing Em
poriums will contend for Agencies of the Old
Nerth State Factory. Talk no more of “ Rip
' Van Wiekle slumbers,” when our neighbor is
>su far ahead of us, in at least one important
item of domestic consumption.
A Fanning Mathine for the Ladies, invented
by , by means of which all the evils of close
confined air may be obviated, and fainting fits
easily cured, without hartshorn or cologne.
Wo saw it in operation on rather a wintry day
and can testify to its cooiling efficacy. In cou
uection with (he above we may mention,
Epping's preparations of Sarsapaiilla, sor t
eoohng the blood ; together w th an endless ,
1 variety of Perfumery and Toilet mysteries, I
; into the ramifications of which v/e have not ■
dived deeply ; and also the
Soda Fount and New Fashioned Syrups, from
Clark &Co’s. estab'i hment, in Market street. 1
Behind the fount may be found at all hours of
the day, and ready to welcome all who honor
him with a visit either of ceremony, friendship ■
or business, the Superintendent of thiedepart
ment, Mr. It. S. Purse, the gentleman whose
taste in ornamental decoration aad scenic ar
rangement is so well known to the many who
have brought it into requisition on public occa
sions. In order not to ba too far behind the
age, “mine host” of the “fount” has added
to his catalogue of Syrups, a new article enti
tled “the Jenny Lind,' 1 which is all the rage,
and which, whatever may be its ingredients,
(for we are net in the secret) has certainly a
very agreeable flavor.
B. Johnson’s Improved Bayonet Jointed Re
volving Buggy Umbrella, the only one in the
City, 263 King st. The staff es this Umbrella
is made to take apart, by means of a Bayonet
joint, and at the same plaee, the Umbrella can,
by means of a screw, be turned to any point
of the wind required, or placed in a perpen
dicular position. It has also a brass plate at*
t&ehed to the slide, by which/neins tho entire
sire<<= el th? wir* h iaren | • •
‘ nsra Finn it ■'or!ierr/fe''w«M ai. Itl
can also bo fastened to the bottom of the buggy,
by means es a serow and plate, which may be
removed at pleasure. The advantages es such
an improvement upon the ordinary Buggy
Umbrella, must bo evident t«» all who will in
speat it carefully, aad Mr. Johnson will, wo
know, take pleasure in explaining the princi
ples npon which it is constructed.
In enueieraiing new inventions and models
es machinery, we hope to procure the neces
sary data for a more minute description of such
of them as appear te be particularly novel and
sarions in their construction.
An erroneous impression prevails, that there
io a dsfieiency in the present exhibition, com
pared with that of last year. Wo are request
ed, by the Chairman es the Committee, to say
that tho Catalogues, which are ready for dis
tribution, show, on tho contrary, a detided im
provement this year, both in tho qaaiity and
quantity es the articles.
From the Charleston Courier of yesterday.
Charleston Mechanics.—Belew we insert
the copy of a letter addressed te Messrs. Cam
eron, MeDermid Mustard, by a nsmber of
the moebaniflis of Charleston. Our readers
ean readily understand the feeling that prompt
ed such a proffer as is expressed in (ho coih
municatien. It is ©nr pride to say that the
“ A!erchant Prinees ” es Charleston, who have,
iu this case, behaved nobly, by the tender of
their have been glorioovly emulated
by the “ Mechanic Princes.” The labor es
the hard working meebanie io an oblation that
will fall kindly ®n the beans of tho indnstriess
and thankful recipients of their kind and phi
lanthropic brethren.
Cmablkstom, Nov. 19, 1850.
To Messrs. Cameron, MeDermid and Mus
tard: Gsn/.;—Sincerely sympathising in tha ca
lamity whiah has befallen you by the conflagration
of last *voning, and desirous es seeing yeur useful
establishment again in active operation. Wo claim
the privilege, at your bands, of erecting your Work
shops while you are (levering your time to the prepa
ralien of your Tools and Machinery.
Our arrangomeota are all made to censmenee forth
wi(4i, and we assure you no pains shall be spared to
have them in readiness to receive your Took and
Machinery, sesoon as they caa be received from the
North.
We bog, in conclneion, to add, that while, with
the whole community, we deplore your lo»e, wo feel
a painful satirfaation in having an opportunity of thus
testifying tho appreciation you are hold in by your
follow Meehanies es tho city. Respectfully and
truly yours,
David Lopez, James Cortis,
Lewis Rebb, Win. Jones,
H. D. Walker, D. Curtis,
Wm T. Lee, C. Errickson,
E. Welling, Geo. Thompson &. Son.
A. Elfo, J. A. Saunders,
W, fl. Houston, Geo. W. Black,
Dr. Wayne, Edward Fogartie.
Industrial Exhibition of 1850—Circular*
Rooms or the National Institute, ?
Washington, Nov. 7, 1850. J
Tho Executive Committee appointed by the
Central Authority of the United State® on the
London Industrial Exhibition, respectfully
present the folluwiag sammary of information
on the mest important matters requiring the
alfeniioQ of State Committcos, and of those
.... v . • . .
1. Vmmittens appointed by tho Governors
of tha several States are recognised as the
proper judges for selecting articles suitable to
be suet to the Exhibition from tho United
States.
2. Articles intended for exhibition will be
examined by the Committee of the Stalo or
Territory of which they are the products.
3. The Stato Committees will furnish du
plicate certificates of ail articles examined and
by them to the Executive Committee
Guireerty^iSJ o * w h° w >n give the sanction re-
4. Articles apphh£ o r n ‘ n >’ sionß >' 3
prescribed will be forwardea*tc/ x Wl ,,, . er tt “ove
of charge, from tho port of New YoTk, ft?’ c
national vessel placed by the Navy Depart- j
ment at the disposal of the Central Committee
for that purpose; and at the close of the Ex
hibition they will he returned in the same con
veyance to the same place, unless otherwise
disposed of.
5 The Treasury Department will affbid, as
far as practicable, through ths Revenue Cut
ter Service, facilities for forwarding objects
from the different Atlantic ports to New York.
6. Shoo'd the vessel designated to convoy
the goods to London not be in readiness to
receive them on their arrival at New York,
they will be stored at the Navy Yard, and
afterwards put ok board, froo of expanse to
the owners.
7. All goods intended to be forwarded te
the Exhibition by tho Government vessel
from Now York should be delivered at that
place duly marked, and with suitable invoices
containing tho corresponding marks. In addi
tion to other marks, there should bo inscribed
en eaeh package the words •‘London Exhibi
tion.”
8. No article will be received at the Navy
Yard after the tenth day of January, 1851, as
the vessel will tail soon after that period.
9. All expenses in Lnndan, for cartage, cu
pecking, arranging for exhibition, and remov
ing el packing cases must be paid by the own
er? es the goods er their agents.
10. State Committees ire desired to inform
the Executive Committee, on or before the Ist
of December next, what amount of ground and
wall seaea they can creditably fill with the pro
doate of tbeir respective States. States from
which no information en thia point shall at that
time bo forwarded, will be presumed to require
bo part of the space allotted to the United
States, and it will be distributed to tho ether
States aceording to their several requirements.
11. Detailed statements relative to the Ex
hibition, and to the several classes of objects
appropriate thereto, have boon furnished to
the several State Committees and will be sup
plied to those who may require more particu
lar information, upon application t® the Execn
»ive Committee
12. All communications shou'd be addressed
to the Secretary of the Executive Committee.
Feter Force, Chairman.
Joa. C. G. Kennedy, Secretary of Executive
Committee.
A Family Cast Away, on Lake Superior
—Seven Days without Provision. — We are in
debted to Geo. Witherell, Eeq., of this city,
just returned frem a summer residence at Ea
gle Harbor, Lake Superior, for tbe following
sac’s :
Mr. Griswold, wife and small child, with a
bey about seventeen, the son of Mr. Haver
straw. set out a few weeks since in a skiff
from Eagle Harbor, to reach Eagle river, some
ten miles distant up the coast. Witherell was
engaged in building a Government light-house
on the point projecting out into the harbor
from the main laud, and saw the company as
they rounded the point on their perilous voy
age. It was then blowing quite strongly off
land, and fears were entertained that a shift of
the wind would beach them on a bold and bad
shore.
Determined to have plenty of leeway, the
little craft was observed to put out some dis
tance into the lake, and was soon lost sight of.
It never reached its destination. Days and
weeks passed, nothing was heard from the
adventurers. The coast between the two
points was daily traversed, and pieces of the
wreck supposed to be fonnd but no tidings of
the sufferers. At length all hope was given
up, and th-ir friends mourned them a? dead.
But the sequel proved otherwise. After three
weeks absence this little crew were all found
safe at the Sault. They had been picked np
’wo »”e»-ks before by a coasting schooner on
the Canada shore, whither they had been sev
en days drifting. The distance across the lake
at that point must be from 250 to 300 miles,
(tappears that the boat got too far from shore,
and the w ind increasing, drove them into the
lake. Night coming ou, and the wind not aba
ting, the boat was put in charge of a lad, who
was a bait-breed and well acquainted with the
!uke. He got up a sort of sail and put before
the wind for the Cau*da shore.
Seven days and nights they spent on this
lonely sea without seeing & vessel, without
shelter and without food. The wind changed
several limes and kept them for days out of
sight of land. When found, they had entirely
surrendered themselves up to their fate How
they lived so long under such exposure and
witaoot food, is a most unparalleled mystery.
Their discovery was a mere accident by the
schooner which, solitary and alone, happened
te be coasting along the Canada shore.
Altogether, this is ana of the most remarka
ble incidents that has ever occurred on these
lakes, listed as they are for adventures, ship
wrecks rad escapes.— Cleet. Plaindsaler.
ViM .LXIV--NEW SERIES VOL.XIV—NO 48.
From tne Savannah Republican.
Geology.
Cambridge, (Mass.) Nor. 8, 1850.
Messrs Editors :— Pref. Agassiz has recent
ly delivered a course of lectures on the “ char
acter and personality of the Creator as reveal
ed in the organic world,” the proceeds of
which will be expended in the establishment
of a cabinet of Natural History for the High
School of this city. A® his subject is one of
'general interest, and his views are new and
■ extremely interesting, a brief outline of them
will not be inappropriate to the columns of
vour paper. His subject was introduced by a
brief allusion to the services science had ren
dered to religion. To Geology are we in
debted for the only material proof we have,
that any thing had — that science has
revealed to us the fact, that there was a time
when no living being existed upon our globe ;
and that numerous races of animals and plants
have baea created at sucesslvo and distinct
periods; thus overthrowing the atheistical
doctrine that things have existed as they are
from all eternity ; and showing moreover
that the operations of nature have not contin
ued simply from the action of the laws im
pressed upon matter at its creation, but there
are now recognised, at least twelve distinct
periods in which the creative power has inter
fered. Aad yet geology has been, and still is,
regarded by many as an enemy to religion.
Natural history has gone one step further : it
has proved the existence of an independent,
thinking Being, who planusd the world, and
with infinite power, wisdom, and goodness ex
ecuted his plan.
Every ewe is familiar with the Cea Ur shins
and Starfishes found all along our Atlantic
shores; one is a rounded, globular body, the
other flattened and etarehaped with five rays
like fingers: indeed se dissimilar is their ap
pearance, that at first sight no point of resem
blance is observed, excepting a central mouth
underneath. Notwithstanding this great dif
ference ih form, how Ji’dr, it will be found, on
close examination, that not only the same parte
but the lime details of structure may be traced
in each. Both consist of five rays, there is a
central month beneath in each ; both have five
eyes and five ovarian openings ; there is in
each two sones of openings in every ray for tho
passage es tentacles ; and we could proceed
in this manner and point out a complete hom
ology. The difference between the two arises
from the fact that in the Sea Urchins the five
rajs are bent upwards so as almost to meet
above, and their sides are joined together :
moreover, that which corresponds to the whole
back es the star-fi'h is contracted into a small
body, which occupies the space between the
ends of the rays above. Here then in the
midst of such diflorences of form we see the
same identical plan. Now there aro fifteen
hundred species of these two classes living and
fossil, yet in all tho same plan invariably exists.
The individuals es these animals at present
upon the surface of the glebe are innumera
ble ; on the Atlantic shores of the United
States alone, aoeerding to a very moderate
computation, they are 25,000,000 in number,
and still in every specimen there is that same
üßvarj'iag plan. Can this bs the rosnlt es
more chance ? Do net such extensive coin
cidences prove beyond a doubt the existence of
a Being independent of the world itself, who
conceived that plan and created these animals
according to it, introducing endless variety, but
always within the limits of hia plan ?
Again, notwithstanding the great diversity
observable among an iusa la, all that are knewn
(excepting seine infusoria not yet carefully
studied) can be referred to four types, viz :
Vertebrates, Articulates, Mollusks, and Radi*
a'es, in each of which some one idea, prevails.
Among the Vertebrates, for instance, the pre*
dominating idea is the existence of an internal
skeleton forming two cavities, situated one
above another, the first for the lodgement of
the nervous centres, the latter of the circula
tory, the respiratory and the digestive organs.
Id all the diversified forms of fishes, reptiles,
brds and mammalia, we find this character in
variably present. In Articulates the distin
guishing character is a division of the whole
body into similar rings articulated together and
more or lees moveable upon each other ; and
we find this to be the case among all worms,
crustaceans, and insects. Mollusks have soft
bodies, with biltateral symmetry, and that is al
ways the case, in all the classes of clams,
snails, and cuttlefishes. Among Radiates, the
prevailing idea is that of divergence of parts
from a common centre, and this is observable
in every coral, jellyfish and starfish in the
whole world. New let us think for a moment
of the immense number in existence, of the
endless variety everywhere exhibited ; and is
it possible to conceive of anch nnifornaity ex
isting amidst so much diversity, on any other
supposition than that of the existence of a
thinking Creator who planned these four types
and made all animals according to them ?
And who but an omniscient and omnipotent
Being could produce such infinite variety With
in the limits of only four such simple plans ?
M oreover, among all the animals which have
existed from the earliest geological times, and
whose remains are imbedded in the earth, these
same four types, aud these alone, are found.
We have Vertebrates aud Articulates Mol
imika und»dl ihe-he* ■WS -of AW-J
mal life upon our globe to the present
And what does this show, but that the same
plans which we now see in tho creation, were
conceived prior to the existence of organized
beings upon our planet; and that as such
races of animals disappeared, their snccessora
were created according to the same plans as
they bad been by the same independent Being
who has presided over the whole during all
periods. But not only has the taino creative
power presided at all periods, but at all pla
ces on the surface of the earth ; the same
four types are feund in North and South Amer
ica, in Europe, Africa, Asia, New Holland,
and all the Islands of the oceans. We may
anirnala'*tfl. arl^er 8t Not only are fossil
types as those notf jo Ute same
markable correspondence'het’woerHftett ftrffls
end that of the young ofoxisiing species during
ditfarent stages of development. One illustra
tion will suffice. The tails of the older fossil
fishes are not symmetrical, the upper lobe being
longest, and the backbone extends into it in
stead es occupying the centre, as in most re
cent fishes. Mow, in the latter, the young at
one period of their growth, presents the same
□ nsymmotrical arrangement es the tail as the
fossil speejes. We thus observe in the de
velopment of individual life, and of the argan
ia life of our planet, considered as a whale,
there, is a most beautiful correspoudencs ; and
lie who planned the one must have originated
tat ether. Yours, A. B
Am Extsaorbikary «ase of Homicide—A
few days since a friend informed us of a moat
remarkable homicide which occurred some six
or eight months since in the country of Rhea,
but es which we had not heard before. Many
years age a deaf mute boy was boand by inden
tures es anprenticeahip tea farmer es that
county. Ao the bey grew up, ie consequence
of occasional dereliction, the hrsq te whom he
was b> und found it necessary to chastise him-
This enraged the bey so much that be at one
time loft hie master’s service, but soon return
ed again, promising by intelligible signs, strict
er obedience and greater fidelity in attending
to husiiieFs. Time passed on, and every feel
ing of resentment on trie part es tho deaf mete,
scorned to have expired. Ho was informed in
the mean lime, that his servitude would not
continue during his life, butthat, upon his ar
riving at the age ®f twenty-ene years, he would
be at i ibsrty to do as he pleas id.
Shortly after he arrived at full age, he con
cealed himself by a wayside over which ho
knew the old man, to whom he had been
bound, would pans about nightfall, and with an
axe he awaited his former master’s approach,
and ibis, too. at but a short distance from his
boose. The old man at length came up, and
was hoard by some of his family to cry out
“murder. ’ They ran to his rescue, and as
they approached the place where he lay, they
saw bis murderer making his escape through
afield. The skull of the murdered man was
much shattered, so that he died instantly. The
deaf mute concealed himself under some hay
iu a bam left and wag there apprehended,
whereupon he readily confesed that he had
taken the old mas’s life in the manner above
described. He was indicted for murder, and
it may be, from what we understand, that he
was tried by the Circuit Court for Rhea coun
ty, which had its session last week.
The facts make a most atrocious and inhu
man killiug. but whether a deaf mute, wholly
uneducated, who knows nothing of the penalties
of the law. has never in his life either been in
or heard of a courthouse, who can know noth
ing of a future state of rewards and punish*
xnente, is capable of the commission of crime,
with that deliberate and intelligent intent of the
mind which would subject him to punishment,
is a question which wo presume the Courts of
the state will settle correctly, no matter what
may be the opinion of those who are unlearn
ed in “black letter” mysteries.—Knoxville,
(Ten) Register.
The Memphis Eagle notices two pregnant
facts: Mr Jones of that vicinity died, freeing
his slaves 80 ; bis brother selected a place for
them in Illinois ; the negroes were unwilling
to go ; they were at Memphis, their passage
paid, the boat ready to leave ; “at this juncture,
the npgroes gathered around Mr Jones and
pl»,ad long and earnestly for permission to re
main/' finally he consented, warning them that
if they went, they were free, if they staid they
were slaver; they protested that this was exactly
what they desired ; he no sooner consented
“than the rejoiced darkies broke out into cheers
turned their teams homewards and trooped
out of Memphis as jolly a crowd as ever was
seen they had “grand rejoicings on their
arrival at their home, aud are now at work as
busy and cheerful as bees.” We have always
believed that there is no laboring class in *he
world as happv, contented aud comfortable as
the negroes of the Sou h
Tbe other fact cited by the Eagle exemplifies
the double distilled hypocrisy of the abolbioni-ts.
A negro tailor in Memphis was trying to buy
himself; he went to Ohio to solicit aid from
the abolitionists ; he returned without being
able to get the first red cent from those “d* ar
friends of the slave he has a profound con
tempt for them ; says they are “mighty n>t-in
white folk*;*’ declare* ha can raise roor*« mo
ney in Memphis than in ah Ohio ; and is * or
iug away in the belief that abofition'.-ta .t u
considarable when it ain't g’wine tu «ost n.»*-
iog.”
M Allison Coi.i-kuiatk Institctb. —The ex
ereisee of ihe first annual Examination ami
Commencement, at this Institution, says the
“ Visitor," have just closed. The young la.
dies acquitted themselves well. Professor
Brantly, es Franklin Cellose, delivered the
Cemtnencement Salmon on the lOtbinst, from
Proverbs 3, 17. It was a pleasant and insttuc
tive discourse. The Examination commenced
on the 11th, and continued until Thursday,
theldth. A great many persons were in at
tendance, and wo believe universal satisfac
tion was felt and manifested by all. T|»
Commencement Exorcises, on Thursday, weW*
particularly interesting The young" ladies
belonging to the graduating class were two in
number: Miss Mary Jane Dagg, of Penfield,
and Miss Laurana 11. Davis, of Greensboro’,
but they evinced during tl eir examination, a
high degree of mental cultivation, and were
examples well worthy the imita ion of those
who in future years, may graduate in this in
stitution. Their compositions wore especially
excellent. *'The Vicissitudes es Life,” were
strikingly portrayed by the pen of Miss Davis,
and the “ Parting Thoughts’\«f Miss Dagg,
were such as should fill the mind of every
young lady, who to use the language of the
day, “is finishing her
uy girls imagine that “knowledge -JjEhJided
by the narrow line that marks TJfflJoiool
room ” —when they receive from the bands of
their President a diploma and close their text
books, all is learned all if accomplished.
Henceforth there is nothing for them to do,
but to flatter like the butterflies es a summer’s
morning, in fashionable society, and follow
unrestrainedly, the dictates of their now un
controlled wills. The truth is, the young la
dy who is graduating, has only laid the'foun
dation of the superstructure on which she is af
terwards, every day of her life, to build. She
has been to school, not simply to acquire facts,
but habits — to train the mind le find pleasure
in intellectual effort, and shassuut leave
school room v.,i<. mtw-tamg ..of ;f;e spii•: that
studies. bg all UtgMiit tdu. etsrtd' " I
has affirmed that “ all knowledge is but
mombranee if this is true,’ the memory ‘
must be uneoasingly trained, net only through
the period assigned for the school-girl’s educa
tion, but until the end of life. If it is not, a
mass of facts may have been aeeumluated at
school which shall disappear, one by one, until
the woman, while reviewing her schoel-day
knowledge, may say, with Shakespeare—
" 1 remember a dream, but nothing distiaatly—
A quarrel, but nothing wherefore.”
Thoyonng ladies who were gradnaWi at
the Institute, seemed impressed with iJcWdea,
viz : that their education is just begun— that
they were sent to school to aequire intellectual
habits, and that Ihe acquisition es facts and
principles is never to end.
The exercises of the day ware interspersed
with music and closed with an address from
R. M. Johnson, Esq , es Sparta
The Cincinnati Commercial has a letter
from Celumbns, Ohio, ans.uneing the disco
very of the model of the firtt eteumbtat net
built. It was built by Jobn Fitch, and was
fennd in the garret of a house recently eeen
piod by Col. James Kilboarne. a brother-in
law of Fiteh, near Columbus. The model is
abont two feet long, and sot upon wheels.
The boiler is about a feet long, and eight
inches in diameter, with a fine through it, not
quite ia the centre, into whieh tho fire appears
to have been placed. The cylinder stands
perpendicular, and the frame-work that sup
ports it is not nalilro that now used by some of
the low pressure boats on Lake Erie. There
is a paddle-wheel on each side, and, in fact,
everything appears to bo complete, with the
exception of a condenser and a force-pump.
The boiler is even supplied with a safety-valve,
though part of it has been broken off*.
The N. Y. Herald, in replying tegfoe ridi
cule cast upon Americans by the EnglSli press
for our extravagance about Jenny Lind, cays—
" The people of this conntry have more mo
ney than taelancholy—more boas than bowels
—mere fun than fashion— more brains than
beer —more soul than selfishness—mere impul
ses to be enlivened than interests to be consul
ted—mere freedom for excitements than ex
eitemonts for freedom—more downright, hear
ty, nuconsidorad, fro lissome, ge-aheadativo
ness, than ever could bo generated among a
people, the mass of whom are forced to live
on small wages, and to find their own tea and
sugar.”
The Boston Transcript has another dream
verified. Mr Colton, dry goods dealer in
Washington street, dreamed on Saturday nlghtj
al his residence, that somebody had broken in
to the store aud was stoahng silk cravats His
anxious visions caused him to catch hold of by
partner who awoke and persuaded him to go
to sleep, when the dream recurred. Oo Buu
day morning they found they had be*i robbed
of SIOOO worth of cravats, and other goods as
reported in Monday’s paper.
Messrs R. Hoo & Co., in N. Y., have a
private telegraphic cemmunieation between z .
their counting room and thfir eslabliswteM
s«m« two mii«» 4i’tant fit
ihecny, winch the propdKn an® iir .■
nsn f.r irainmitiing and r«r.iyia( iptetfigvne..'*"
Mormomism.—Mr. Mackay, tho Mrmon
agent sent out from the Salt Lake settlement
to England, some time ago, for the purpose of
encouraging emigration to that regioß, has
met with extraordinary success. He states
that the Mormons have an emigration fund of
three and a half tons of California gold. Du
ring the lasi ten years the emigration of Mor
mons to tho United States is estimated by Mr.
Maekay at 14,000, and he thinks at the close
es the present year it will amount to 25,000.
A large portion es those are farmers and me
chanies of good siamJFugiw own country.
They are principal!? from the counties'
ths southsru part of Scotland. Mr. Mackay
further states that the growth of Mahoinedan
ism, rapid aa it was, is not to be compared with
the size and growth of Mormonism This,
we are inclined to believe, is a slight mistake.
Coi.TivATieN of Tba im Brazil.—Our last
advises from Brazil informed us that tho pro
duction of tea in that empire is rapidly in
creasing, and besoming an important article of
growth. It is thought that in a few yeaw, tea
will be produced in Brazil as easily and as
largely as coffee, and that that country wifi
furnish the world with its two favoringver
ages. The cultivation of tea is the
attention of planters throughout the empire,
many es whem are dividing their plantations—
one part te bo devoted to the production of tea
sad the other to eeffaa.—N. Y. Herald.
A California School —The first public
school in San Francises already nn tubers 159
pupils, frnns 4 to 16 years of ago. Os thio
whole number only two were born ia Califor
nia, the remainder date their birth places as
fellows—Scotland 4, England 5, Ireland 5,
Germany 1, Chili 20, Fore 1, Australia 20,
New Zealand 15, Sandwich Islands 3- -making
76 born in foreign countries. Seventv two
arc of American parentage, 12 Scotch, 21 Eng
lish, 1» Irish, 4 French, 5 Gorman, 4 Chilian,
1 Spanish, 1 Italian, and 1 Peruvian.
Interesting Marriage.— Yesterday morning
a very interesting ceremony was performed,
where neither the officiating clergyman, nor
any of the parties interested ottered a syllable.
It took place at the Deaf and Dumb Asylum;
the brido, groom, bridesmaid and groomsman
being all d<»af mutes* and the ceremony bgog
conducted entirely with the fingers.
to the marriage, Mr. Poet, the President, made,
a silent address to the pupils, whinh,
entirely incomprehensible to
ed to interest those who understood the lan
guage.—N. Y. Tribune.
PKOSPECTUI
OF
“THE SOUTHERN PATRIOT,”
To be Published at C.
IT IS PROPOSED te issue hr indspenu’ga
Tri-Weekly and Weekly Newspaper, in
town of Greenville, South Carolina, to bcstyledthe
“Southern Patriot,” devoted to Commerce, Ag
riculture, Manufactures, Politics, Lite r aturo, S«i«
ence and the general improvement of the country,
in all her industrial porenus—-defending tho Rights
of the South, the Federal Constitution, and the
integrity of the Union of the States— and opposiag
the anti-republican, rui®ows and corrupting policy
of South Carolina’s continuing in the hazards and
speculation of Banking.
“The Southern Patrict” has originated with,
and belongs to an association of Gentlemen who own
nearly a thousand slaves and are worth several
hundred thousand dollars. This shoul !be regarded
by the community, independent of their honors,
their live® and their characters, as some guarantee
of fidelity to the Suith, and, at least, as an earnest
of tbeir interest in the justice, wisdom and stability
of the Government.
The Proprietors *JffiMßthe impression that the
growing importar.ce^?s®3^ own > * lB heavy mercan
tile and manufacturing business, the undented
Kail Road facilities, and our present Mail an inge
nente, together with the general prosperity, intelli
gence and patriotism of the Dib’rict, must insure the
success of a Tri-Weekly Newspaper, giving to the
| business community the news and telegraphic de-
I spatebes sooner than they can be received through
| the Tri Weekly city papers.
The undersigned have been charged, by the Pro
prietors, with tbj Editorial Department of *• The
Southern Patriot n It is not without reluctance that
they a*-euiuc this grave responsibility; but having
done so, neither time, labor, nor < nergy shall be
wanting, on their part, to make the Paper worhy of
public patronage. Arrangements will be made to
have eorresf ondeuts ia Washington and other cities,
giving intelligence in advcnee of the Pres-; and the
Prices Current and the stale ol the Charleston, Co
lumbia, Hamburg and Greenville Markets will be
regularly and corrcc'ly quoted.
“The Southern Patriot” will be issued on supe
rior paper, neatly and beautifully printed with new
and clear type, at Three Dollars ;«er
Tri-Weekly, payable ia advance, lhe Wcek y
usu. will be a large slreei. eentai.ing nubrtanually
the Mate as the Tri-Weekly, (vr One Delia, end
Fifty Cleets per annum, payable tn advance. This
will be the Cheapest New .paper of If. sue and quan
lit • of nsatier, in South Carolina ; and Is intended to
rsjeh those points of the country wbvsv Mai! faoili
(.os are limited.
Any ay*nt forwarding Ten subrertbers, to either
Pai vr, shall receive a copy gratuitously.
Tue publication of •‘The Southern Patriot” wHI
•umtaeoea ca tbe first day of January »•<?.
B. P. PERRV.
C. J. ELFOKD,
1 n!4-wtJal Editors.