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IT WILLIAM fl. JONEfI.
terms, fcc,
7*B WfiEILY
CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
I* P«Mlik.4 tT , rz W.dw.sA.y,
AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM
IN ADTANCB.
To CtUM er INDIVIDUALS M.dfnj as Tm
D°dare, SIX copies of the Paper will ba sent for aae
year, thee fiiraitamg tba Paper at the rata of
81 x CtaFlta* roil TBS DOLLARS,
•r a tree espy to all who way protore us flue aub
•cribtn, asd forward ■« the naaey.
AWB cxnoniclb and sentinel
BAIL.T AND TRI-WIIKLT,
Are alae pabliahed at thiaeftea, and mailed tea uh
■enbera at the following ratea, ria.:
Da iitPapi a, if aent by naail-• •-S7 per ainaan.
Tai-Winifcy Papii 4 “ “
TBMMS OP ADVERTISIK«
! * Wmmbt.—•arenty-fire ceati persevere (12
lieea er !•«•) for the fret ineeitiea, and Fifty cent
aaawaw areaoil auhaoquoat inoertion.
& Jar Salt.
PLANTATION AND NEGROES FOR
SALE.
to« in«caie«R win M ii
W» at pe.lie sole, at tba Maiset Moueo ia
Aegean, oe the I,st Tueeday i. Jaaaa- -A.
ry seat, if prarieaaly Ulopow.d of at private aala,
hia PLANTATION, lynj ou Sarto nah Rirer, about I
MvmuatQ miles below Aogwiia, adjoieing lands of |
the McßoaaCe., and ether*, containing fcarttea han- I •
drained twoety-fro amoeof nwamp Land; about I ]
tv* hundred aad twenty-fire seres of which era
. *" .** *' ffR
ef Upland, with !Mpr»ra-
Moats. The Rail Road from the Central Read to
August? will run tbreagh it.
The Tract may be divided iate smaller tracts, Is
sail pur® ha sere, which will be dene if desired.
04-twftwtf ROSKRT I. HARR.SS.
VALUAILB MAU JBTAWI FOR
SALE.
MWITR a view to eeotraet bis beai
aoee, the sabeeriber offers for sole that
■own property on which he sew resides, ■“*-
•ailed BEDFORD, soar miles above Augusta, ea
the Sevaaash River. The tract soamti es atonal
WO acres, and can be enlarged from my other laeda,
and is well improved—the building* eensiatiag of a
large and dwelling, with ample aceem
modations for neg roes, an« every convenience in the
way es ent hoeeee, bares, cteblee, ete. A good chad
fishery is attached to the property, and the place hae
the further advantage es mere then thousand
choice frail trees, of all varieties, selected with great
oars from the boot nonaries is the Union, sf which
about ten thousand wili bo in bearing the next sea
son, and will afford largo supplies for the markets of
Aageata, Savannah and Charleston. Further par
tionlara are doomed naßoeoaeery, ao the property is
wsll known to this eemmanity, and any person in*
tending to purchase weald denbiloM cheese to in
spent it in person. Far terms apply to
n3O twdkwtfJAMES L. COLEMAN.
MOTION
Tas* sabaoriber offers force lee valuable Tract
of LA ND, lying in the ceuotiee of Co Mate a.d
Fayette, on line Creek, ea the read leadine from
Nswnaa to Fayetteville, oenieinieg abort Thirteen
■u ad red Aereo, agreeable to survey. The Land is
of gnod qa alky ; with as gaud water power as is to
be found, eoitC ’lo for a Cotton Factory, Mills, or say
k<d of Machinery that goes by water. Theev omm
>*• « aafteiert, and eo sit sated as to have them at d.f
fereat Shoals. The boot of Springs on said Land.
The paymen's made easy—ene-third down, one
third 12 most he after, and the other 12 months there
after, at the low pnoe of Ten Dollars per Acre, bear*
interest from date
Cali on Mr. Richard T. Penn, living five or six
miles from mid Land, who will show it; or Dabney
F. Jones, known as Uncle Dabney, who will give a
dooenption of the Land, Water Power, &r. He *•
travelling as Temperance Lecturer f r the State.
L Floyd so., (?<. 44-w 3 EDWARD WARE.
I irieROBO for sale.
WILL be cold oa the first Tuesday in January
iext, at Public Balo, in Crawfordville, Telia*
■ formeonnty, 11 Negroes, seme of which are good
■ k'uae servants, all prims field bands. Terms— 12
months credit, with approved aoenrity.
K AIIO-
At the rocidoQCS of the subscriber, on Thursday,
the 26ih December, his eatire reek es Mules, Horses,
Hef«, G*rn, «a . together wiih Houerbo d and Kush-
BS «n Pamitoro. which is of a seperior geality. For tea
made known on the day of sale
M n2B-wui j McMahon.
B FOR SALE
A VALUABLF. COTTON PLANTA-
eoatainiag 900 scree,
B X INOWN AS THE URQUHART PLACE,
Bfin aed ean bo made larger if required. from o her ad-
BB je’eiog lands of mine, and nesr the city of Angusto,
whores road? martot for all pro* use can. al all times,
be had. eC'Q acres, or more, or* good cotton lauds,
and would produce any g.«od year 1,0«»0 lbs. per acre.
For further pertiedaxo apply to
V w 5 JAMES L. COLEMAN.
■ YAuHABLI Ph fop
|3 WILL be sold, on the first Tuesday
H JBB. <Bl,<r y neat, before the Court House
W door in the lawn es Greensboro, Gievna county, the
■ PLANTATION whereon Arthur Foster, lain of said
B county, resided, ceeiaining about Eight Hundred
■ Acree, hell in the woods; wed improved, healthy
H and a moot doairablo C'uuiry Reoidcoeo. The Land
io es the beet quality. Parsone wishing such a
S plantation, will do wed tn examine before the eels,
g Terms made easy. Aino, several likely N Els ROE'*
■ sold at the same time.
I d£*twUw3 N. G. POSTER, Ea r.
FOK 3AXB.
WILL be •old, or Tuesday, the 17th Decem
ber, at the issidsncc of ’hr* Subscriber, in
Colaaabia ••••■»y : hie Stosk, eoesieliug of Herses,
Mules, Uovra aao Mogs, e©i«flg which is a food yoke
of Stoors. Also Hn-wshsld and Kneb#o Purnnsrs,
and a frtoi set of B’aeksmuh Toole tod Plantation
Toolset all hinds oee toed Wagon. and one two
boros Wagon, bstwsea two and tbrno thousand bush
ala of Co:tea Seed a*td one good i fly saw Gia, Ac.
Tara* ths day of sale.
n26-w3* WILLIAM H. CUI. BREATH.
FOR S*LB
▲ DESIRABLE IBTTLI-
MBNT, ooaoiatiag of Throo Hundred
aad Twenty Acres, sovoa aailoa abevs Marietta, near
the place knows as Rif Sbaaty, on which baa Loon
racoaily srssted a fresss Dwelling Hossa, forty-fsar
by sigbtsss Coat, aad Kilohm, twenty-fear by six
tooa foot, all well oacloood Said Dwelling at aads in
tbs coatro of said feed, twenty acres of which is
ready for the pisegb Nenrly the whole of said
lead can be eol'ireted; well watered throughout
with springs sad baaeebos. Ths Slate Rood passes
through said land. ApnUeation eon be o ado to the
oaboeribor, at Grseesbors, to Cel« David Irvin, of
Marietta, or to Goo. W. Groob-m, living near the
prowieoa. JOSIAH DAVIS.
Greensbsro, Ga., Nov. 17. nl7-w2«»
50.000 ACRM BF LAND FOR SALE.
TH! SUBSCRIBERS offer for
wBV aale Fifty Thsussnd Acree of the most "wrw
vol sable CoUoa aad Sugar LANDS ia -L
--tho Southern Stetea, part of which is under cultiva
tion. This Lend in situated in theSSouthwestern
eouaties of Moorgia, ead ia Flerida, location healthy
aad desirable, and will be cold in tracts of fieaa two
hundred and tf.y to six tho use nd asiec Terms to
suit purchasers. For aey in Formation regarding the
•aiao apply to tho aadorotgaod. at either Apalachico
la, Flerida, or Albeev, Georgia.
o 9 win SIMS, CKFIVER dk CO.
NOTICE.
• THE IUIBCRIBER offers
•ale a valuable PLANTATION in Wai-
we ooanty, six mi ee southwest of Monroe, and
•oven ntt'oe nortbwoot of Social Circle, on big flat
Crook ; contai*ing 959 or 1,1 00 acres, with good im
provements, orchards, dkc. On txnuo very low and
aecota mode ting to purchasers. For further im forma
ties enquire of tho cuoecriber.
JOHN SCOTT.
Social Circle, JSxh Sept., 1459. 01-wtf
▼ALUAILi LAND FOR =ALB.
MB THE SVBBCRIBEII offers for
- ■ sale 150 ACRES OF LAND, adjoining 30
and forming a part of tho Village of So
eial Circle. Sixty acres improved with a good two
Story Dwelling, (tn town) new Kitchen and Smoke
House, aad other comfortable buildings. A bargain
will bo sold ia the premises.
V. H. CRAWLEY.
Social Circle, March &, 1850. wtf
hotels.
FR AM KLIN HQ TILL.
BUM AD STREET, Augusta Ga.,
JHE- one oqearo above the Globo Hotel, on tho
South aide of Broad street,
■ 0-w|yp B RAMSEY, Proprietor.
BAQLB HOTEL.
MADISONVILLE. TENNESSEE.
FtTHK SVBSCRIHI.R takes pleasure
JL in returning bis thanks to his fiiendssnd
the public, for tbovory liberal patronage here
toforo extended to him. And having recently im
proved aad extended bio buildings so as to afford tho
bast accumiuodaitons to any number of tnv
ellers and person* wishing boarding, be confidently
expects au increase of public favor and patronage.
Building situated en second block south of the
Public Square - one hundred and fitly test long—
reinu regularly laid off and well furnished. He is
also wed prepared to take the bast care of horses, Jkc.
Stable large and secure—careful and attentive set
van to. In short, the gree-es’. attention will be paid,
and pains taken, tv render al I com fort able who ma v
• call at the Eagle Now!. JOSEPH R. RUDD.
MadrvQovdte. August X I*so. a«3 wt
DISfiOLUIioN.
THE FIRM of Cbawlby * Gaiter is, b>
mutual ooaeeot, dhaelved. The basiseon will
hereafter bo o- adootod by V. U Cbawlbt and
Muum R. Cabtcb. who are au’borisod •.* settle
all dues of the late flrm Wo loader our thank* for
pest favnra, end a«x a sostmaencs of the patronage
of oar aid .rioude, to the new fl- m.
V. H. CBAWI BY,
C. H. CARTER.
d7-dlMw2* Social Circle.
NOTICE
lOIT OR HISPLACBD, Twenty-Eight
d Boadred Do! I a re, all tn cae hundred Dollar
Noto* made payable to JOHN W. GREEN, r
bearer, da.oh some time ia oeptember. ISSO Stgaod
► by A 1 CROSS, iflm K mark ) All persons are
hers' y fore warned et trading for said Notea, aad the
ms’ r, A. S. Crees, is loro warned not to pav said
N to other poison except mvseif.
JOAN W BRFFN.
K atd Notes all oe demand the Aral day of Janoarv
QM-wM j. W. «.
*1 ut r CVbkks
W«. a TCTT,
Jb ~IS I I h I I Jilt »
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■t BL Bvl B/b la Isl R BL il fi B z -SZ/y 85 / 81BL BL BIIHz 3
_______________ t MWBL- - _____
WSBILI
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
SELECTED PQETBY.
Tboaonexad besatKal and touabing lines, which
wo find io a Kentucky ptper, are said to bo from the
pen of a Lady, and were written on the ocoaaion of
an illumination for one of ear Mexican ri etori os ;
VICTORY.
▼ietery I Victory I Ob! if ye who shout
The glorioae paaa know how heavily
It ft lie th on my soul—the funeral knoll
Os love, and hope, and j »y. Oh ! unto mo
The alioat of trienph io the voioe of death,
The shuddering voice of that moot fearful death
Which someth to the weaiy mangled wretch
V|M>n the trampled and ensanguined field,
Where mim have torn each other iimb from limb,
Like savage beasu of prey—where, pierced with
wounds,
Or maimed, and mangled by the murderous shat,
They ho who lately were so fall of life,
Os pitriouam, and high heroic pride.
And brilHent of glorious Viotobt,
f . That horrid power, whose favor must be won
By hesatombw of victims, aaerifi .ed
la ona preiEi«cuousdaughter. It is strange
That Chrutiau mon will worship with eve* rites
So terrible an idol, and peal forth
Their hymns of wbtlo tboir dearest friends,
Their sun* and broifcefe, Hn amongst the dead
Who perished as her viotims.
Oh what vain
Aad idle mockeries are her laurel crowns,
llsr sceptres, and her marble monuments,
To woman’s desolate and bleeding heart 1
Oh I not for ail the wealth of thio breed earth
Would one fend wife resign her pligh ed love I
Aye 1 she woo Id gpurs t* infe r > l <n.”'FWt
That proffered L.> -.urtTo efr.
For that sue .r» . .-•-
Os patriot virt»?i. hew t do»b
; The burn.ng hsvrt ofWan fromUmewn hemo,
With aH its holy aed dependant loves,
Togo a weapon in tbs hand of power
And dcsais'e-ths far eff quiet homes
Os gentle women and their helpless babes.
Oh w«fls»a ! It is aaid that thou art weak
And tender-beansu —yot ’tin ever thine
To drain the dregs of every bitter cup
That is poursJ oat fertnau, and ts endare
The weight of all his sorrow, and to boar
The cruel coaroquooees of his faults,
Hia errors, and his crimes. Man never feels
A pang 'hat is not felt with interest
By s«me fend wemtn’s heart,
While he endures
The soldier’s hardship, she in her lone heme
l» agonizing fer him. If he falls.
Be it ia glory’s arms, nr in the ranks
Os the uohon rod, undiatieguiehed mars,
Her heart is broken. Glory’s voice to her
Is bitter Kfockory, and she feels no joy
In Vmteries which have left her nought on earth
Bat wo, and want, and toil.
Oh Victory 1
Bought over with man’s blood, cud woman’s ream,
And childhood's erphanare. I have no heart
Tojoy.nthy gnm smiles, or to rejoiee
Above thy slaughtered v.etimo.
Pa.
SONGS OP L.FE.
BYCMABLBS MACKAY.
A traveller through a dus y road
Strewn I acorns on the lea,
And one touk root and sprouted up,
And grew into a tree
Love sought its shade at evening time,
To brea’he its early vows,
And age was pleased, in beats of neon,
To b-isk beneath iis boughs :
The t'orenousa lured its dangling twigs,
The birds sweet music Lure,
ltste<;d a glory in its place,
A blearing evermore!
A little apring had lest i'e way,
Amid the grass and fern,
A pae«mg oirat ger scooped a well.
Where weary men might turn ;
He wall’d it in, an-1 hung with sere
A ladle at the brink—
He thought net of the deed he did,
But judged that toil might drink.
■e passed again !—and le! the well,
■ / summers never dried,
Had cooled ten thnesan i narched tongues,
And saved a life bes de !
A dreamer drop’d a random thought;
’Twas old, and yet was naw—
A simple fancy of the brain,
But strong in being true ;
It shone upon a genial mind,
And Io! its light became
A lamp of life, n beacon ray,
A tnouilery lame.
The thought wee small—its issue great,
A watch fire on the hill,
It sheda us radiance fai adown,
And cheers the valley still!
A nameless man, amid a crowd
That thronged the daily mart,
Let fall a word of Hope and Love,
Unstudie 1, from the heart;
A whisper on the tumult thrown—
A traesitory breath
It raised a brother from the dust,
—„ U f(j 'bdnftt-nnT!
O thoiieht at random cast!
Ye were bm little at the first,
But mighty at the last 1
THEY SAY THAT THOU ART POOR.
Th.y ... .1... thou art peer, Louise ;
And so I know th u art ;
But what ie wealth to noble minds,
Or rirbes to the heart?
W ith all the wealth o! India’s urines
Can one great deed be bought ?
Or can a king dens’s ransom bring
One pure and holy thought 7
No, vain your boeeied treasure,
The’ earth to gold is given,
G»id cassei stretch to measure
The/ore bestowed by heaven !
They soy tba? thou art poor, Louise ;
And »> I know th u art ;
But why should lack oi sordid pelf
Thrust thse and >re a|-art ?
The pearU that sparkle uu the lawn
Our jewels bright shall be ;
Tho pu <1 that lio'o the early dawn
Shall fill oar treasury I
Ask ye the proudest tn aioe
AV bcm gold give* rule o'er earth,
Doth not our broad Dontinioa
Oalbeggar all he's wuith?
We'll rove be«ide tho bro»k at eve,
N' bee birdn their song
Os gentle truth and guileless l«va
T.» wuodo and winds pre : oeg ;
And (real the tnormag’s jeweled eop
Such healthful draughts we’ll have
Ah never met (bo levered lipa
Os furtone'o gilded olave.
Coul i Lvdian < 'renaue, dearest,
As wide a king cm see
An the fair realm thou hearest
Beiougs to thee and ma 1
1 know that thou art poor, Leuiee ;
And eo indeed am 1 ;
But not the hoards of ocean's saves
Our poverty conld bay ;
For wealth beyond the miser’s thought
Wo both alike control—
The treasure of a prcoloae love,
The riches of the soul I
Then at ibis haur divine, love,
To holy echoes given ;
Let thy trao vows and tniae, love,
Be registered in Heaven !
THE FLIGHT ©F TIME.
ar AI.XXAMDBX SMABT.
Why flies (he time so foal ?
Daye, mam*ho, and years glide by,
And eack looks shorter than lb- last,
And swifter to fly;
On viewless wing s ill rushing ob,
To join the flight of ages gone,
Their silent course they ply.
It seemed, when we were yousg,
Time lingered on the way.
Fair hoj-e, like any syreo, sung
Tue live-loue suaan«er day
Oh ! sweetly sang o ; pr mised b!i«s,
Too bright for such a world as this —
Tea beautiful to stay.
And then tho winter night,
So livolv and so tong,
Whan r»*uuJ the fireside, biasing bright,
Went merriment and noeg;
Long were the hours—for we wars then
Impatient to bo happy men,
And join the busy throng.
Hope’s radiance in the heart,
In youth supremely blest,
Can transitory joys impart.
The brightest and the best,
The ills ol life come all too soon ;
And whv should eleudsebscure the meon
That warms the youthful breast 1
Wbsn life's young dream is e’er,
Aud fancy's fires decay.
And hope's illu”i ms eharm no more,
Nor 'hide the lingering day ;
Then Time sweeps ou with wirged speed.
Or. like thief, with noiseless tread,
S-.eale all our year- away.
Fled like a dream’s tho past,
T.ie jnyoao banquet o’er.
Our long ug looks we backward cast.
Aad ibinh on dava of yore.
Brood o’er each scans in jey or woe,
Till wo grew old —before we know
That we are young no more.
TO AU WHOM If MAY CONCfJRM
A X ACT granting Bounty LanHs to all persons,
JTL or te the widows er miner children of all per
•co# who performed military service for the United
States *• the war es 1812. or any of the Indian wars
a nee 1790, and te (he commutaicoed oftcers engaged
in the serve© of the Un ted States, in the late war
with Mexico, hat recently been pawed by Cosmes.
The hiring termed en a enoe ratios
with Attorneys resident at Wa«hiu<-.ca City, peo
>os©cs peculiar advant <ges ter reaeeuoag suceeoafnl
iy. apd w h drspa eh, art cle tns far Bounty I ends
ans'.ng under the act referred te. and clem hisaervi
ces to ail who Mir be entitled to the benea: ot thia
act, in securing. wita the least seat and delay, all
claims et this character agtisat the tSenerai Govern
ment. ROBERT E WOODING,
n? w3m Attorney at Law. Appling, Gee.
BOUNTY LAND.
'PHI VNBBRAieNKD not des all those
I whs may he interested tn the Bounty Land
Act wfcioh has roe*nt!y seccrnr a Law of Congress,
that he has oeaoected huseeif with Isgal gentlemen
in Washington City, far the purpose of prowcut’.ug
claims against the Goveromont All seld’oew (and
widows anoh seldtsoe who hay© nerved m the
lane woj with Great Britain, in Fieridt. er any of the
lod»e W»rs; aba, all oemoaieeioood oßaam is eno
Mem sen War. are enstlod under the see fa Bounty
Lend. Aedr«eo B. B. POTTLB.
eiS Aw’y st Law, Warrestee,
MrecmiNßoui ii
, TEKITVKE 1H NEWS.
Mk. Wibstk* at Jbhnt Li»d’» C.kcbrt.
’ —Extract of a l.tt.r from a lady in New Y.rk
to her fri.nd iu Savannah.
“You will b. aurpria.d to h.ar that I have
' been twice to hear Jenuy Lind aincs I last
wrote you. To tell you lb. truth, I cannot
keep away from her concerto.
“1 was at Tripier Hall en Tueaday night,
when Daniel Webster created aucha aeneation
The Hall was literally packed—and a magnifi
cent eight it wae 1 think Mr. Webster must
have felt proud «t each demonstrations of uui
varoal bo usage and delight, ae th. whole mass
seemed t. fsrl and expressed. It was at the
•lose of the first part .f the performance that
seme one eried out, “Daniel Webster!'’ In
nin ly every one rose and such a cheerieg
and dapping of hands you never heard. Im
mediately followed three cheers for Webster,
and three more ter the Union. Such heartfelt,
cheer,eg lam sere never was heard. It weuld
have doneyeu good have been present.
Mr Webster acknowledged the eengratula
lion by rising from bis seat, bowing, and wa
ving bis handkerchief repeatedly for the Unien.
J had a fine view of his nobl. ferns, he being
in the first gallery .r circle. Jenny sang Lor
very best; and. at his -••quest, added her
mon mail, song to her programme. Site gave
her last concert in this city, (or the present, en
Fndav night, and I think sarpnird herself
Hcr'il.tna sweet House’ br.ngbt tears iu
many eyes. IndoMi, 1 never wish to bear any
•no else sing i, ptefernsig the impression she
has left i. re ms ia, raja.r Usau au.th.r’s. 4xm
.MlighW •.■hntrn lianeh. i« j.ntx :» Charge-.
tbij-*-wkeAi patr fexraikedOM wii.- . ?t»«* »
I ,»F.t
Lakk Supkkior.—Sixty years age there
were but two vassals es any kind on thio Ib
had Sea. and net more than one er two white
fnokihes beiwcee the Spirit 8t« Mario and La
Pointe; a diet a nee of 4<JO Miles. Now there
are three large prepeliors. six er eight sail
vessels, soar tight-: euses, and several thousand
inhabitaahi scattered al eng the east. The eli
ma a is healthful and invigorating ; the water
pure and transparent: the fish abnudaut and
Qjosl dclicions; the soil praduess the finest
pwtatces and other vegetables in the world,
and copper, iron, and other valuable minerals
are found iu iDexhaoaiible quantities
A ship canal of less than cue naile in length,
at a cost of net ever half a million of doliara,
would connect this rich and sx ensivo mineral
Lake region with all the commercial porta es
the world.
Co/fen tn Auareguo.—A person in Nicara
gua writes that oomor may be cultivated there
to any extent, though the want of energy in
the inhabitants has reduced the prediction to
a very small quantity. In a single year as
much as fifty ttevasaad bales, el three hun
dred pounds each, of elean and excellent qual
ity, have been exported.
Grid.— T‘ e amount of California
geld received at ihe Philadelphia Mint hss
averaged for the lest eleven anouihe two and a
half millions of dollars per msn’h. as will
bo seen by tbe following stacenaont from the
Treasurer:
Gold dust deposited in November 84,400 000
Coiaage during tiie »*me period 4,104,010
Aggregate receipts of Caliiurnia gold dust
horn Ja >. Ist to Nov. St, inclusive-* • 27 350 000
From ether suuroM •• 17.00,00
Total receipts—eleven m0nth5153,550,0i.0
The I.VTXRSAL CoMEKRCX OF TOK COUX
try—The aggregate value of the Lake trade,
as apuoars by returns made at the Bureau of
Topographical Engineer, amounts to the
enormous suiu es 269. or mere by
S4O 000 000 than the whois foreign export
trade of ti.e country! The aggregate tonnage
is 203 041 tons, of which 33 904 is foregn.
The non value of the commerce o r the Wes
tero rivers is $256.233 810. the value of vessels
$18,661,500. Tie groat value of the internal
ceißiueree of the United States, which is al
most double that of the nett valae, is $793,
654 774
Safatg of Railroad Trans/.—Dr. Lardner
has produced a volume of 430 pages on the
whole subjrct of sieam travel, and given a ta
ble uhowiwg, from a very large induction of
facts, that in every mile travelled, the loss es
life has been uuly as 1 to 14 661 477—equal to
going round the world nearly 600 times ; and
the reception es any injury whatever only as
! to 7,320,738, or about 300 times round th*
world. From the chapter on the cscaes of ae
cideuts, it appears that of accidents beyond
cuotrol of passengers, 56 per cent, arise froua
the collision of trains; 32 per eent from de*
foots in wheels, axles, er rails; 5 per <;«nt
*jr?'‘fKe*'rea<l; per' cent, from cattle ou the
line, and 1 per cent, from the bursting of the
engine boiler. Os accidents produced by im
prudence of passengers, 28 per cent occur
from improper place of posture; 24 per cent,
from leaving a train in motion ; 16 per eev*.
boom entorin? a ’rain tn motion; 13 percent,
from jumping off; 12 per cent, froua crossing
the Ira x incautiously; 6 per cent from getting
out «m the wrung side, and 1 per e*ei from
handing articles toio a train in motiou. Os
those accidents, 67 par cent, are fatal. It will
be porcaived mat trains running out of the
usual time are less safti than regular trains;
and that a safety depends much
on his being always in his place and in due
time.
StoppiwoTruss rt Elkctricity.—Messrs
H Frt euiHQ and J Pitieraon, at the Cummer
eial Exciiange, Cortland-si., have invented a
means of stepping Rmlroad Tr&ioe by Eire
tricity. so as to dispense eo’irely wiih ihe -er
vicee of Brakssmeu and thus enable the Er
gineer to stop die crai* himself b* a ujuliom es
the band, aud thus obviate the delay, irregu
larity and imsunderstaiiding tr»w encountered
or hazarded, e« weti as the disagreeable and
dangerous leotioi now ouceuri cred in the
precess of ‘breaking up* a train, part of ihe
ears being held mere tightly than others. The
plan cun euiplates ‘.be arrangement of a Gal
vanic Batten on th* Locomotive, under the
0)0 and band of the Engineer, with a rod run
iiieg lhenco to each wheel in the tram, con
nected with the (Efferent cleg* or brokers and
t« be connected with the ba tery by a touch,
to as to apply siujiibanuouriy aud instantly
any desirable amount of pr«HSure to every
clog. It is computed that a train may be stop
ped in halt the time new required, and with
far lose jarring, jerking or wrenching of the
cars. Scientific men who have examined the
plan have certified that it is entirely feasible.
Those interested in Ri Ireads are invited to
examine it. —N. Y. Tribune
Protestawt Church m the Eternal Ci
tt —The Roma curreepondeut of ihe Loudon
Athensßitrn says, that tho Americans lihta just
obia.nwd pertuisaiou to build a Prales*ant
Church—;he first over permitted in the E er
na! City. Their architect* are now at work—
and in a short tiiae the edifice will rear its head
near tho ancient temb as Augustus, and in
the very Via de Pen ilici ’ We think th s is
oblv tit for tat Pio Nino i< making bin Arch
Bisbe p an d B shnps in the United States and
in England; and as one £«md turn deserves
another, a Protectant Church is built bv the
Yankees, un J er the very nose of ihe Pope,
and ou the very road ded ca ed to the Pope
If Bishop Hughes is sa i>fi> d with this, let us
not get angry over his very questionable opin
ion. that Proiestantisru is dying of aripid cun
sump ion, wbi e Popery is travelling like a
v.ry Peg. su* over the word.—.V. Y Erprea.
The “ accurskd thirst n>R Gold."—A
remarkable caso illustrative of the desire to ac
canulate wealth, hasjust become public in
Illinois, in the person of Jacob Strawn, of
Jacksonville, a very extensive land holder aud
cattle dealer, aud probably the wealthiest citi
zen of the State of Illinois. lie is the owner
of some forty thousand acres of land in tho
State, and bis agricultural and other business
transactions have been of an extent
ding wi hoh lauded possessions. For ysars
he his been by far the most extensive cattle
dealer iu that, or any of the Western States,
and bis, by couiiuued an I the must unremit
ted exertions, accumulated a princely fortune
Mr. Strawn has been even more extensively
knows fur h.s eccentriciies of character than
for hiegrea wealth. For days aud night* ia
succession, he hi* been khown to pursue his
business witheot'UHermissioD. lie cho*e his
wife as he would a wrm. or a lot of ci’tie, by
mere inspection of hbc person, selecting her
frem among her aietere, who were called to
ihe door at his request, a;d ma-ried her with
out any more of ceremony than was necessary
to complete a money transaction aud conform
(• the laws of the stats. Every thing with him
was a matter of money and business, pursuing
these at the sacrifice es everything elso ; ;n
--1 dred. attaching ne vilue to anything which
could not be tnes-ered by a pecuniary s.aa
dard.
The 3t. Louis Union es the 16<h instant,
states hat Strawn was brought down the Illi
nois river the day before a ruantac, in
charge of some es his friends, wfi* were try
ing to convev him to the Lunatic Asylum at
Columbus, Ohio. His insanity was brought
on by the terrible task to which every energy
of mind aud body bad been sabjecled for
years iu the pursuit of wealth.
In order te induce him to travel in the direc- 1
tian of Columbus without violence, it had
been necessary, says the St- Louis paper, to
deceive uim by the premise of great reward*
! for acc«mpao)iug nis protectors. Even in
this, hts ail-abeorbit>g passiau was predumi
» uant Bonds to a large amount, with large
k pena'lit's in caso nf breach es contract, were
| regularly executed, to secure hiua the coropea
' sattun agreed upon. Ever, be ore leavit-g the
boat, aud wrh the appearaGcn of a correct
! regard to business, he had ihe agreement read
re-read it himself*—aud called Un aitontinn
•f the by-etander» to see that every thing was
correctly aud explicitly understood.
*• And ceauauM ihe nrmt above qtto
-4 ted, •’ te ••h* value of woalih ! Lite, health.
Y groat energy everything devated to the utmost
J stretaa ta secare immeasa possessions and
I te anjay Bathing.
AUGUSTA, GA., MORNING, DECEMBER 18, 1850.
Imfoktast Discoviry.— l.ardrmltrcd fluid
1 if Hixiug with Rutin.— Professor Olmstead es
New Haven, has lately made the impatient dis
covery, that, by adding one pound of powdered
resin to three poundr of lard, well stirred to
gether the masses become semi fluid at 72 3 F.,
and on being melted, which it does at 90°,
notwithstanding if melted alone the resin re.
qu res 300° and tho lard 97° of heat, the cam.
peund t< ill remain transparent and limped a.
i that temperature. As it enols, a pelin'e begin
I to form on tho surface at 87°; and at 76 it re
mains a densu setni fluid
The discovery es the above named fact will
be of great importance to thsse who nee lard
lamps, as the lard is rendered more fluid by tba
rosin, and tbs power of illunsinati.n increased
two-fifths; yet after two hours burning, it loses
its brilliance on aeceuntef tho wicks becoming
elogged. This will not be an important objec
tion in families, while in point of economy the
gain will bo considerable; for lard io worth
three or font times as much as rosin.
To machinists, the discovery is very impor
tant. as it enables them to make use of lard in
stead es oil, which is not only a saving m cost,
but whatis of far ruoro importance, the addi
tion of the rosin completely neutralizes the
quality es acidity in the lard, which corrodes
metals, particularly brass aud copner, to such a
degree it is unfit to appl? to anything net ir.
s» ns taut ase. Professor Olmstead says, a thin
coating of the compound laid upon a grain or
sheotireiistevewitliabrush.es thin as pussi
elo, will keep it free from ruM all suifimor, al
though stored in a damp place,.
Te soap makers, the discovery is also im
portant Ifeue pound .1 the compound is ad .
dads, two pounds of common Windsor soap
the quality « greatly improved and the tend
ency that soap has to grow raeeid, whoa iu usa.
•r kept meuu. i.i lints entire!* prevsotsl A
s»«V; -.g-wstam, .rf-ati eggeltedlt quality,
> na ’ 4 S’’ T?***
r.;.. *■»<;?.•; l a edp, aiA» ’iibxLi‘/.‘
r h^r.its’woighi of (fie compound, and svdkiwff'
or any other agreeable flavor
The sumo compound applied to b jots and
shoes ran .ora ttesm nearly impervioos to wa
tor, and if applied to the solas, trill not soil
the floor Thu uppers will bo soft and pliable
an ! not prevented from receiving a blacking
polish.
For oiling carriages, the mixture of Irrd end
rosin will be valuable ; and when wanted fer
heavy wheels, a proper consistency insy be
given to it by add'ng wheat flour, or, if graat
iy preferred, black lead.
No d >ubt tho soap paste above described
would boa goad lubrication for carriage
wheels. Wo hope this discovery will increase
»he ea«BUßSptitM* of lard, and thereby give an
improved market to the farmer, and thus en
able hun to turn land »nto lard, and lard into
‘igiit, and in the meantime enlighted bis mind
sad improve his condition.— Am. Ag.
Causes which Contribute to give Various Tom
ptraturts Io Countries in the same Latitude
It is well kfiorvn that the uxtiens on the west
eoavt of Europe enjoy a milder climate than
any others in the world, io the same latitude.
Edinburgh is about fifteen degrees farther
north than New York, yet the same severity
of cold is never experienced thwre iu midwin
ter. There are wnat are loruiod Isotherm il
lines on Some maps, which are traced ihroegh
places of ihe tnuiie mean annuri temporal me.
Tn#so wero first laid down by the great Hum
boldt, eight lines of which are traced through
the northern hemisphere, five of theca being
chiefiy confined to opposite shoreo of the
Atlantic, and three of thorn extendiue round
two thirds of the earth’s surface. Two sta
tion* of equal latitudes, the one in Europe
and the other in North America, give a mean
teaipor.imre of 4 1 10 degrees to the former
above the latter. To accjuht for this, all
writers on the subject attribute the elevated
temperature of Europe over America to the
influence of the Gulf Stream, which breaks
upon the coasts of Ireland, Scotland, and
Norway
Mr. R. Adie has lately publi«hed an article
in the Edinburgh Pailosopineal Journal, iu
which be attributes the elevated temperature
of the West of Europe to the influence of hot
breezes from the desert of Sahara, in Africa,
and gives good reasons why the Gulf Stream
is not ihe cause, as has been supposed heieic
forc The Gnlf Stream, after a course of
about four thoiieand geographical miles, pass
es along the coast of the United States for
800milts,’o the Barilo of New Found and,
where it begins to cross to the shores of Nor
way Now, if the Gulf 8 ream, with its high
er temperature than the other waters of the
Atlantic, was the cause of the higher tempe
rature of the countries in north western Eu
rope, the shores of which it washed, why is it
that the atmosphere of the place? on the Ameri
can cn&st, contiguous to the Binks of New
Fuundlaud, are not much eleva ed in tempera*
tare, if any, while on the eoust of
where the Gulf S rtuuss. ■ ■ ■ ■ ».»♦« s Influ
ence, the Temperature i» very
great. Mr. Adie s ms. • ..... •• »<-
source of beat to acco’ ''
UU. pr J
“At a distance varying from 1 600 to 3.000
geographical raiies, aecmdirrg-tb TtWlines, in
tbe great desert, there is a magazine of heat,
the greatest on the face of the globe sud com
posed of heated air capable of travel ing with
ten limes the velocity of ocean currents The
air o’ this de*ert M generally i.ofrn
and this may be stippo«<ht to milita'e against
the ground assn wed. by its thus akin? away
the air from the north west of Europe where
the temperature is eleval-d ; but the contin
ued stream of air in the region of the trade
winds ail round the world, from ur»rth-ea«t,
must have a counterbalancing south westwind
somewhere, aud for this reason th«* south
west winds of tho temperate zone restore the
equilibrium, which the perpetual north east
trade wind* would disturb ’ Mr Adie, there
fore, lays it down that the south west winds
which are so general on Ihe north-west coast of
Europe, are die return currents of ir carried
towards the equator by a north-east wind, and
the influence ot this heated air should reach
Europe by a eemth-west wind He doesnot,
hnwever, deny that the Gulf Stream exerts an
influence in e'evaiing ihe temperature es
Bn aia and Norway, but he places the current
of hot air from Sahara as tbe first distant
source i;f hear, and the Gulf Stream as the
avceud, which are the causes that give to the
north-west coast of Europe a temp rature
whose mean elevation is above all oilier coun
tries hi ihe saiau northern latitudes. In <um
me*. Britain and Norway have lower temps
raturos than the countries iu No th America*
on ibesame hues, bni in winter the tempera
ture is mush higher — Scientific American.
Nicaragua-—A’sto Route Discuttrtd.—Advi
vices from Ban Juan, dated November 2, in
form the N. Y- dun that the engineers em
ployed in miking the surveys for the proposed
ship canal have met with the most eminent
success and the practicability of cous ructing
the canalne longer admits of any doubt. A
route has beau surveyed from Nicaragua Lake
four miles north of the city, which has an ele
vation of onlv sixty-feet, and a gradual descent
te ihn Pacific The engineers pronounce the
route to be in every way desirable, the dis
tance being but twelve milas to 'be Pac.fic.
The steamers Orus and directors are new
ea the Sau Juan river.
Tai Racks of Maw. Dr. Charles Picker
ing, an English author of a book entitled as
auuve. describe* s/ersa distinct races of men
founded on what be deems essential d finrewevs
lit; thus enumsrates them and the population
of each race:
Wmte-.-. 350 000,000
M0ng01ian............300 0 0 000
MaGvanl2o 000 000
Te1mgan,.....60 t'UO,Ot 0
Neg io 55.UW‘,0U0
Ethiopian ..8,000 000
Abyssiniau —3 000 000
Pau pun. 3 OUO.OOO
Australiansoo 000
Hottentot ...uUOOOO
T0ta1,—900,000,000
Dr. Pickering argues that the human races
radia ed from lour centres —1 Emm Thibet,
in Asia ; 2. from Abyssinia, iu Africa ; 3 and
4 from North and South America.
Allkbid Outrage or the Auericax Flag.
—Capt. John W. Disney, late master of bri*
Volusia, of Baltimore, who came passe 11 rer in
the brig Bost n at Holmes' Hole, from Bahia,
complains strongly of an outrage committed
upon him and hi» owners, by the commander
of an Englieh steamer on the African Coast, iu
the seizure and cond innanon es bis vessel, i
when on a lawful voyage He writes full and
clear particulars of bis voyage, which are not
of special interest to the general reader, but
will undoubtedly beattendei to by the proper
authorities. — Boston Doily .4er
At a late meeting of the Directors o r the
Selma aud Tennessee River Railroad,Uie ro*.d
was located through Jacksonville, Benton
County, on cond uen that that County and
Randolph, would make an additional subscrip
non of SIOO 000 We are pleaded to learn
from the Jacksonville Republican, that $65 •
IKK) of this amount has already been subscrib
ed. and that the remainder will be certainly
raided in a short time. The completion of this
er pt»met Read to the Tennessee River, is now
placed beyond a doubt.
h is the purpose of ike contractors, we nn-
Qerstand, to bare the rars rum in* over the first
27 miles as early as the first of July.— AtluutA
Steam Ship Louisiawa.—A new steam
ship ot ibis name, to run between New York
and New Orleans, asd advertised to touch at
j ibis port, got under way at the former city, al
; about the eaae true the Southerner left but
was soon lost»ignt of. She was expected cere
*»n Wedne'-diy inurmng. but we New York
Hs.*/d of Monday, states lha* she rsturned la
port on account of some disarrangement in
her machinery —Ck Cour.
The Great Tbr.wel. —The great tunnel on
ihe Ba run *re and Ohio railroad, in Preston
county, (Va.) w ssid tube progressing with
gieat rspidi y. The contractors wnrk three
hundred hands during twelve hours of me day,
aud havi already penetrated aboat 2. 100 feet,
•r ibore than half the distance. Operations
are carried ea at five ditFer«nt points, and the
whole wvrk is expected to becump-e ed by the
Ist e F sax June. Turn stupendous undertaking
Bas taosee the village es GreigviMe te spring np
t ;b itsvieiaity, whish already beasts es eighty
I be*s»>. twe cknrehes, two scheeti. seven stores,
and 1 pest o£ce.
' —■.®S ,ICAL b-
Reper* «< MHmSfetery •* **• Interior.
DnOEBKir or t» litrxrtion, ?
Hlaeunusa 2,1850. f
Btn :-+OIiSHHS'W ,Sh hev. been devolv
ed bv l.tw iii of the lot .-
rier, are s's important
t-baraersA <•>• Department
n-'nid JMMBw IO t 0 moat ofiho interests
of til l of a domestic nature,
fesy « variety of subjects,
k-att the widely dis
similar, rir>4 some degree of a legis
kixiro aud ao of au executive
eiMsraa'.eri.-
Te this Doptfjs®fes entrusted the general
vapervisien of all matters
ceKr.ee tad. wiiiitMMß[|sblic Domain, Indian
Afiairs, Public Buildings,
use Ceases, ihA-IS^Rtiary, and the expen
ditures es rfco jfIIMMB
it is the in charge of it to
see to the laiiMKKßHi’tratieu of tho lews
rsafieg to tM|£h|r>.t!»i es the public
imiTi«o. andtd sash regulations as
m«y bs full effect (o the lag-
M-U.-VS will. A*f;inflfdilion to these funs
: sbs es au exeo&dflßE Icgialaiivo character,
■s :<H|i rad ma jadteial eapaci-
v. and ;« da appeal which may
sreo’lit adjudication from
ivy of ths Many
1 diese from the Pension,
1 -*d r.»( fadi<pj||Rfl^f'* B rMi . impor-
: .r<« in .I po ■sitM®s«stir .cf view, and involve
axsatin -•studa, .sad'
.-.s ofslKriiMta. q’lcs-
rrOKS Sf ptUTA.*. *z. . ■
Two been u-i a.Sjppc te dofice with pecision
the boundaries or tho oxtont of
Ito powers. In the outset, thia was probably
the meat judicious eeurse, as experience is
aenoralljr the best guide in the adjustment of
raoi UMtiers Ent it wonld seem to be pro
par now ibat there should be mere definite
legislation prescribing the datias aud powers
of the Depar.meet. «i that theie may bo no
consist with other Departments, and little er
socking left to in a more discretien of the ia
camboat.
My prsrfe««ssor, m htiannnal report, called
yCMr eitCKtien to ika iuconjrnity in the law iu
ieforasee to the de.i,nation of iha Department,
lathetitleaf the Mt it ia atylad a "Home
Departnent,” b«u th, beiy of the law prorides
that it ahsll ha called ‘’The Department of the
lowrior.” The late iocatubout, under whose
auspice, the Department waa organized, felt
bttaea.l b,und by the mandatory terms of the
law to adept the Utter designation iu ail hia
etfieial acts, but it ia obriously proper that
Ceagress ehes'd by supplemental legialation
rsa»e,e tha ambiguity and uncertainty on thia
aahjoct
My prsdaoeeser also recommended, for rea
sos. very clear y and forcibly anted by him in
his repert. to which I respectfully refer, the
creation es the eSee of Solicitor of the De
partment es the luiorier.to be filled by a law
y«r eempotent to investigate and decide many
of the important qnes’iena of law and fact
arising upon ths CM'nerous appeals which are
Taken freaa the bureaux. My brief experience
is. the adramutratien es the Department ena
k eame ta appreciate the wisdom of that roc
cm.-u-:nda>ien, and to arge its speedy adoption
Sy Cengreaa 1 n ail cases, however, the ac
lien oi the Solicitor eiiouid he subject to the
revision es the head of the Department, for
nothings hsuld be douele diminish in the slight
est degree hi, ctHcial responsibility.
As the reports of the heads of the several bu
r-ax will give full inform .non in regard to
lb«ir condition aud wauls respectively, tied as
I have not been lang enough in office to make
Kivsed Utaroughly cquaiu.ed with all the
detail* of their organization and functions, 1 do
net deem it either necessary or proper, at this
time to givo more than a general review of
thoir operations with such explanations and
suggestions as the public interests seem to re
ire.
As preliminary to this review, I respectfully
sabmit, iu tabular form, a summary of the
estimates fei each branch of the public service
within tha jurisdiction of thia office. In a dis.
tincl eoiuinn and opposite to each item is a
ctainiaeistef the oatimate of the present fiscal
year lor similar services. This comparison
seems le bo proper, as it will exhibit to the
representatives of Uro people at a .ingle glance
a view of the whole suojfect, and al the same
time sfierd me tint opportunity of presenting
by a suceiact comimmlary on each item such
explanation as I desire to oil's r.
DEPAK r.MEX F O? THE INTERIOR.
Ahdrrrtodts far th. imtl r-r-,
t ’.I. »rn :.iata-/or Vic (iacai
>**‘o • t. j'ic .
t iOijSsiSw&v -»
Deaaniswat'tgjiee’c ' fr2,S4T M
i *a« sersSaW - SB?i'S’i bU 079,034 21
I.Sian affair*. 2,al 1 472 6U11,019 <39 17
Feestnn affice. 2,024,726 31| 1,d79 256 78
G«wss. 1.116, 00 lO
Wailed States courts. 692,747 00, 557,537 00
Pabli, baildiugs. 491 176 0 i 456.975 00
PU. Penitentrary. T 1
Xetarn b«aad. survey. lUV.UOB 00l '““■-SY
Exeeav ever laat wniiuatev. 63
T efi l fact which r.rikcß the mind upon
ai ibie recapituh&oa is, that die esti
-1-15. e ter the next fiscal -y«rr exceeds that for
A. $ 1,725.670.63.
n u! 2u-ir iiHiis of tha puhlia treasury will
eaiuraliy iuq.ure how does this happen ? The
q«i -ftuoM uciuihdj a exu lid aiiiwer. and I shall
proceed ’» giro one which I hope will be no
loss Bariefeciory than free from all attempt at
or dis/uiae.
Department Proper.
Under thia head the eßtinsate fer the next year
fal-j below that for the pres nt sl4/4)7.68
This reaal.s from the fact that there is no defi
<?ian«T es a previous year to be provided for
Last year ther- was a defimney of $34 737.68
to be mat. Now there aro unexpended ba
laucca on band which, in addition io the suui
catiiHited, will supply the waste of the Depart
lueut.
Land Ser nice.
The eetimatee nnder thie head exceed those
o 4 last year $137 118 29 This ia caused by
the increase of expenee consequent on ihe pas
aa»e of the act offifilh September, 1850, grant
ing beauty 'and; by the contemplated exten
sion of the lanJ systetn over the newly acquired
territory; and by the deficiencies ia the erti
otatea ol the tart fiscal year.
Indian Afairs.
Here there is au exceas ever the estimates of
last year of $1 423,033 49. A reference to the
rtper: es the CotnißiHsioQen of I tdian Affaire
wr.l show that whilst many of the items em
braced ia the foruser estimate have been re*
deiced or omitted in the present, the aggregate
of the present estimate has been increased by
making prevision for deficiencies, which was
not done tn the estimate of last year, and by
embraeuig large sums necessary to carry into
effect n«w treaty snpulatione, and to extend
oar Indian relations iu;o now Territories ; in
pursuance of recent acU of Congress. Sotue
idea may be formed es ihe magHiliich of th»*se
latter ileus* when it is remembered that our In
dian population has been almost doubled by
our raeeet acquisitions of territory from Mexi
co.
Pension
In his item there is also an apparent excess
o's ir 'ng magnitude. It exceeds the es’jnp-te
of last year $1,113,459 53. But a little exami
nation will show that it is to a great extent
merely apparent, and far as it ia real, it
results from causes over which the Executive
©fleers could exercise no control, and which
aie entirely ct>»M*tenl with die true interests
of rhe country. These p;2k-ions nre su cepti
bl© of ready demonstr-Li<»£*** I will proceed m
a lew words to show.
The estimate of last year fell short of the ac
tual expenditures of the bu «au, including the
deficiencies of ihe preceding year, $924,688.45.
This deficiency was supplied bv the appropri
ation of $560,000 in the “deficiency bill” of
last session of Congress, and by $364,688.45,
which sum is embrace.! in the present es imate
Adding these sums to the ejtimate of last year,
aud the aggregate is $2 403.045.23 Then de
duct from the estimite of next year $354,688,-
45 which amount is a*ked for to supply the
deficiency of the present year, and which is not
prsperly chargeable to the next, and the true
amount of the estimated expendnuri of the
Pension Bureau for the » ns«mg is ascer
tained to be $2,260 37 86, or $143 907 37
le-»s than the actual expenditure of the current
year, iocladmg the deficiency of $360.b00 for
1550.
This mode of stating the account, however,
although it exhibits a true comparison es the
preyeol estimates with the adu<d expenditures
of the current year, does not present a fair
view of the amounts legitimately chargeable to
Pensiuo Bureau fur the two years respectively,
because ;i embraces amsag the expenditures of
the year ending June 30,1851. $560,000, which
was a deficiency in the year 1330 Discarding
that sum from the calculation, ihe result is as
follows:
Estimate for year ending 30th Jane,
1351. -91,479,256 73
Add deficissey embraced in present
•stitnais 364,638 45
Aggregate ch*nfe*b!e tu year ending
sUta June, 1851 1,843,945 23
Eriaiata lor year eadiog 30»h June,
1552. 2 624,726 31
Deduct estimate for d- firiency oiyear
ending 39th June, 1851 364,688 45
Aggrees e chargeable to year ending
30th June 1552;• 2,260.037 86
Excess of present estimate over
expenditures of rear ending 3O'-h of
June, 1551 ....' 416.092 63
This excess embraces the anticipated increase
of expenditure occasioned by tne extension ©f
:na oe lie fix of the Pension laws, and by the
udmiu;s*rxiion of the bounty land law, so far
as it devolves on the Pension oince.
In the last estimate th© ameunt sub
arittad as tho prebabl© expense of this
whale service was $1,116,000. This sam
having bsen appropriated for that ebjest by
±e actef 30th September, 1850, (chapter 90,
page 172,) no further sum is deemed necessary
now.
UniM Statu Cturlt.
Tho eatimeto for this service exceeds
that of last year $35,210, iu consequence
•f the anticipated increase of business in
the courts corresponding with the in
crease of tho population and business es the
’ country. The estimates of the current year
and tho year preceding were found te bo in
sufficient, aud Congress was compelled at its
lasi session to make a specific appropriation of
$50,000 t. supply tho deficiencies for this ser
vice during those years, Taking this sum into
the account, the estimate for the coming year
is EH ,790 less than the expenditure of tho
last.
Public Huildingt, Pauftr Lunatict. Africul
turul SMittin, and tht PtniUntiary.
In these several items there are no material
variations between the present and past esti
mates, and it is net deemed ueeessary to en
ter into any detailed explanation of them, as
the reports es the various officers charged with
their management will supply satisfactory
statements in regard to them.
The fast item in the estimate for the ensuing
year ia
Mtaiatn Baundary Sumy
The last estimates embraced nothing en this
account though appropriations wore made by
C.Bgress during its last sessiou for that object
amounting to $185,0u0, The sura whjeh it is
supposed will be necessary during the next
fiseal -ear is SIOO,OOO.
I have thus presented a brief statement es
the wants es tbe Department, and a compari
s.n betwoeu the oresssat r«>i,.-"mm. aadk-lto-e
akiuai CXpeaJiiurea »£.&*• p:*qr . *!< <year. lu
aching th«M *»ttm/!tes, -f Wtryctati «je
haasAfc- .'.C. ■ • ■ »<■' •.
of one year with tnusV
of another, and to throw the financial arrange
ments of Government into inextricable con
fusion. Nothing should bo asked from Con
gress which the public interests do not require.
But when an appropriation is ascertains*! to
be necessary, the demand should bo fairly
made, and the responsibility of granting cr
withholding it loft w th the representatives of
the people. If my instructions have been
complied with, at 1 have every reason to be
lieve they have been, 1 hope there will be no
necessity in future for estimating for deficien
cies, unless some contingency should occur
which could not have been readdy for-seen.
Having submitted these general views, I will
proceed now to present, in a condensed form,
a few remarks in regard to the operations of
each bureau separately.
Pension Office.
The whole number of persons now on
the pension rolls of the United States is It.-
758.
But many of these are probably dead. The
whole number who have drawn pensions du
ring tue first and second quarters of the pres
ent calendar year is 13,079.
Many, however, do not draw their pensions
until (be close of rho year, and therefore the
last statement dees no'shew the whole »a sa
ber living. The number of deaths reported
within the last year is 846.
Revolutionary Petitions-
The whole number es persons pensieusd
under the act of March 18. 1818, in 20,4-85.
Os these there how remain on the rell» but
1.523
Under the act of 15th May, 1828. there were
added to the list of revolutionary pensioners
Os these there now remain but 162.
Under the act of 7th June, 1832. there were
added to the roils of revolutionary pensioners
32 788.
At thia time there remain of these on the
roils 5,247.
Ar d of th s last number there were bit
2,408 who have applied for their pensions
during the first half of the present calendar
▼ear.
FFsctaos of Revolutionary Soldier s and others.
Under the act ©f July 4. 1836. pensioeiny
certain widows and orphans therein des
cribed, the number who have been pensioned
is 4.084.
Os these there remain on the rolls but 1 118.
Under the act of 7'h July, 1838, giving pen
sions to the widows of revolutionary officers
and soldiers who were married prior to 1794,
the number of persons who have been peu-
Hi&nsd is 110 02.
During the first two quarters of this year
payment has been made under this law to
201
The act of 1838 was limited origaally to
five years, but was extended for one year by
act of 3d March, 1843; on rhe 17th June.
1844. it was extended for four year-* lunger;
.I lB4B, the
benefits of the hw wore cominned d llrtnp
widowhood. There are wn the
tart
-
4th March* 1848. dating
widowhood, to widows balKters, soldiers,
german. marine*, who were married prior
to January, 1800. Under this law the number
pensioned is 686.
1 will thus bo seen that the beneficiaries
under the laws designed to provide for the
soldier* of the revolution aud the widows of
those who were dead, are rapidly passing
awy.
But, on the other hand, thenumb.rof pen- .
" tinder ths note for the rnlief of invalids
and the «•>* t ;, ose w j JU jied iu thn ser- ,
viceol tins has been eoitsider-
nbly angmeuted during tho pirn , aar , menu- i
sequence of the war with Maxieo.
The number of invalid pensioners is now
4.712, being an increase during the y«j
627.
Il'idows of Soldiers engaged in the Mexican
H'ars
Under the act of 21st July. 1848, and the
supplementary act of 221 February, 1849.
and the joint resolution of lha 28tb Septem
ber, 1850, allowing pensions to the widows
and orphans of soldier*, who were killed in
the Mexican war, or died from disease con
tracted in the service, the number pensioned is
1,456.
Amount Expended.
The whole amount expended far pensions
during die past year is oauunaled by the Com
missioner at $1 4UU 000.
There has been paid since Ist November
1849, on account of revolutionary service of
Virginia State troops and navy, SBB 060 30;
and as commutation or half pay and interest,
$138,543 44.
Land Warrants—Revolutionary Service.
The whole uumoer of land warrants issoed
to ciHMnaissiouwd ufficurs of the continental
array is : : : ; : : 2 926
To u.»u coinnissioaed officers sad privates 9,762
Laud is still due tolliefliasrs and le 1,992
Don-commissioned officers and privates.
War of 1812.
Whole number of warraHta issued to per
sons entitled under various acts of Congress
for services in the war ®f 1812, is : : 28.978
Mexican War-
The number of claims presented for ser-
vices in the Mexiean war is : : 91,3"3 00
And for scrip cr money, in lieu of land : 3,332 00
Miking an aggregate of : : ; $94 705 00
The General Bounty Land Law of September
Tbe number of claims already presented
under this comprehensive law up to the sth of
November, 1850. was 9.4 1, and the nnmber
is increasing rapidly—scarcely a mail arriving
which does not swell the list.
Th® whole number of persons, who, if liv
ing, would be entitled to the benefit of that
law, would exceed half a mil ion.
The Commissioner supposes from the b®st
data within his reach, that one half are dead,
leaving no person entitled to claim under
them. If this estimate be correct —and I
imagine it will be found to approximate a®
curacy—the whole number of claimants will
be about two hundred and fifty thousand.
It will thus be seen that tbe act of 28th Sep
tember, 1850, is by far the most important
bounty land law that has ever been passed,
whether we consider the number of b® nefiei
aries under its provisions, or the extent of the
domain eranted.
Deeply impressed with the responsibility in
cident to the administration of a trust of such
magnitude, I have sought to make the neces
sary a'rangememts to insure its prompt and
efficient execution Forms have been pre
pared. wi;h ample instructions to guide appli
cants in presenting ibeir claims, and aesa*an
ces given that every proper facility will be
afforded for th® establishment of jnst demands
under tbe law.
Plates have been ordered to be engraved
for printing the warrants, and every precaution
has been adopted to against fraud and
forgery. These plates will soon be comp! j
ted. and there need tnen be no de’ay io com
mencing the issue of warrants. 1 regret to
t-ay, however, that the law contains no provis
no for the emplovmeut and compensation of
the clerical force nace»dary for iu own execu
! tioa.
Under the terms of the law, a* I have been
constrained to construe them, the warrants are
not assignable. Tne holders of them cannot,
therefore, make them available until they have
been located and paten ed. Thss process will
necessarily require a Consideraole time, and it
is therefore peculiarly proper, in order to en
sure the enjoyment of the bounty by those fur
whom i. was intended, that no unnecessary
deUy should be encountered. To avoid this
evil, the Commissioner recommends that pro
vision be made for th® employment es two
efficient clerks. v-ub a salary of $1,700 each,
competentto investigate the claims of appii
This recommends: on (except iu re
gard to the amount of sal ry, which is un
necessarily large) meets my cordial approval,
and the only doubt I have is whether two will
be sufficient. To guard against all contiafen
cieo, I would respectfully urge the propriety
of authorizing this Department, in too event
ihet two clars* she -id prove msuffieieut to
keep pace with the business, to employ one or
mor® in addition, and such temporary assis
tants as may be required ?rom time to time.
Unless tn® Departmaa; nos the means of ad
jodioaung th® claim* as fast as they are preseui
ed.aad es iseaisg the warrants when they are
allowed, disaauefaction and suspicions ®f
favenusm will iaeviubly arise.
'I Should Congress concur in these views of
the subject, I shall .steam it no loss a privilege
i than a duty to nee that their beneficent policy
i I is carried out with all practicable dispatch aud
•cone my.
Public Land*.
The report of tbe Commissioner of tbe Ge
neral Land Office exhibits same very interest
ing facts. Tne surveys of the public lands
have be n pressed forward with commendable
. activity, and, having been completed in several
States, the archives connected with them have
been delivered to th. State authorities as re
quired by law:
Acres.
The sales es public lands in the yesr
1849, amount to : ; ; 1,32 J,902 77
Area located in that year in satisfaction
of Mexican war bonn y land warrants 3,405,520 00
Stats eeleetiens under the act of 4th
September, 1841 : : : 259,806 60
Improvements of rivers, tkc., : 135,246 21
Choctaw certificates, • ; : 63,935 33
Total acres thus disposed of 5,184,410 81
During tho three quarters of 1850
there have been sold, : ■ 869,082 32
Located by Mexican bounty land war-
ranto during tho Ist and 2d, and put
of the 3d quarters, : : 1,620,120 60
State selections under tbe act sf 1841, 379,405 58
Übectaw certificatoe, : : : 46,360 52
Aggregate thus disposed of in the Ist,
2d, aud part of the 3d quartern of
1850, 2,815,366 42
It is shown by tho Cemtaiseießer’s report
that tho public lands have boons rich source of
revenue to the Government, averaging about
one and quarter millions of per '
tpr Usenet fifty ever
g - cnJexgeinsop* I gratifying ;«
<Cdy eoßsdiao’-r
anticipated of Slate selections, under the grant
of 4th Sep ember, 1841, and fer various inter
nal improvements under ether laws. Measures
have been adopted to give effect to the munifi
cent donation of“swamp lauds” to certain
States of the Union by the act of Congress of
the 28lh September, 1850.
The Commissioner recommonds an exten
sion of tho actef 3d August 1846, in order to
remove stispeusieiis which arise and accumu
late in the administration of that office under
general laws. Ho also suggests a slight modi
fication of the pre-emption provisions es the
ter of 4th September. 1841, sad the delegation
es authority to the General Land office to sell
abandoned military sites, or such tracts as had
appropriated to public use, and after
wards relinquished.
These recemmendations, if carried out by
early legislation, will be preductive of bene
ficial results.
Amongst the first and most prominent sub
jects claiming the attention of Congress, is the
necessity es making provision by law sere
speedy and comp ete extension of the land
machinery ever enr possessions on the Pacific.
At present there ie no mode by whisk a good
title can be obtained to any part of the publie
demain in that great extent of territory.
Nothing contributes mere te retard the im
provement of a country than uncertainty in
relation to the title to its soil. Great incon
venienee has already been experienced from
this cause in California.
Grants are alleged to have been made for
large tracts of land in that State by authority
of the Spanish cr Mexican Governments.
Many *f these are of very questionable validi
ty, but uulil they shall have been examined
and settled by a tribunal es competent jurisdic
tion, they will continue to throw a cloud over
the title to valuable bodies of land, and seri
ously affect the settlement and prosperity of
the country. To remedy this evil it would
seetr to be proper to make provision by law
for the appointment of a commission to in
vestigate all claims of this character, with a
view to their final adjudication. But the ex
tent of the powers with which it should be in
vested is a subject worthy of the serious con
sideration of Congress The Commissioner
of the General Land Office has discus cd rhe
question fully, and his report contains much
valuable information in regard to it.
Mineral Lands.
The proper disposal of these lands is a sub
ject of such intrinsic difficulty, and one on
which a great diversity of opinion exists among
judicious men.
Three different modes of disposing of them
have been suggested, each of which has some
advantages, and all of which are liable to seri
ous objections. The reports from the De
partment of the Interior which accompanied
the last annual message of the President to
Congress, recommended that the mineral land?
should be divided by actual survey into small
parcels, and leased out for terms of years, re
s-trviug to the Government, byway of rent, a
per centage on the products. Many persons,
whove opiuions are entitled to respecLhxv*-
urged the grant es liceu ey tq
wiTTT'Js luAi-.siuery, as may
prescribe. O hers, of equal judgment aud ex
perience, insist that tbe only way to avoid dif
ficulty. and make the mineral lands available.
b to lay them off into smail traote, and soil them
oat at auction.
The arguments in favor of leasing them are
certainly entitled to great respect. But a care
ful examination ofihe subject, and a reference
to enr own experience of the operation of th at
systetM in regard to ihe mineral lands in other
parts efthe Union, have induced mo to doubt
wbother (be evils inseparable from it would
uol more lhau counterbalance ita advantages
It would create a system of feuds which would
soon become odious to the people. The rela
tion of landlord and tenant being established
between the Government and tbe oceupants of
(he mines, the jealousy and irritation which
relation too often eugei dors, would soon
arise. The lessees would regard the Govern
ment as an exacting and oppressive landlord,
and a strong feeling opposed to tbe payment
of rants wuii'd spring up. The officers en
trusted with the aupervision of the mines and
the collection of the public dues, woa d be*
ceuie objects of hatred and disgust, and the
miners, of leaking to (be Government
as their guardian and protector from wrong,
would be driven by the force of circumstances
into an altitude of hostility to it, as tbe soarca
efall the evils which oppressed them. At
tempts to fores the payment of rents by legal
prncoM, woukl prove abortive, because the
whole community would have an imerest ad
verse to their collection. Collisions between
the teuants and the officers of the law would
OHSue, the feelings us the people would bo
alienated and the whole country iuvoivsd in
tarinoil and confusion.
No of a mere pecuniary char
acter should induce the Government to adopt
a policy which would tend to consequences
like ihes®. The system of licenses is obnox
ious to similar objections, varying only iu de
gree. lam therefor® of lb® opinion that tke
mineral lauds should be divided into small
tracts, and sold iu fe® simple to the highest bid
der at public auction. The extent es th® lets
should depend on th® apparent richness of th®
mines; but they should be small enough to
afford persons in moderate circumstances an
opportunity of becoming bidders, and thaw en
large the field of competition as far as possible.
If these lands are leased, it will be necessary
for th® Government to maintain a large num
ber of officers in California at high salaries,
whose responsibility must, from the circum
stances of the case, be almost nominal. But
by selling the lands, ail connexion between the
miners and 'he Government will be severed,
permanent interests will be acquired in the
country, and a new stimulus given to ibe en
terprise of ®ur citizens.
Indian Affairs.
Oar relations with the Indian tribes will do
ossad the prompt and earnest attention of
Congress. The annexation of Texas and the
ree-ea: treaty with Mexico, have, it is estinaa’od,
added about one hundred and twenty four
thousand persons to our Indian population.
Many of the tribes thus brought under our
eontrel ar® fierce in their disposition and pre
daiery in their habits, and it iu feared can only
ba restrained frava oeosmitling ?reat outrages
on the persees and property of the inhabitants
of fceigkbonog territory by the military paw
er es tn® ooantry.
No prevision having been made by law un
til the close of the last session of Congress for
tbe appointment of agents to take charge of
th® numerous tribes in California and New
Maxie®, th® Government had uo means of ob
■.aiQiag much satisfactory information respect
ing lher condition and wants. It is hoped,
however, thia defect will be supplied by the
agent and CGoauaisaicnors who have been re
cently appointed, and who are now oq the r
way io th® of their labors.
Shortly before the close of the last session,
&®d immediately after the passage of the act
<,»'iwruiißg lhe appointment of Indian agent®
far California, uomiaations wer® made and
c?n*.raod by the Senate es three persons well
eaalifiod for the disobarge of their respective
du ;w.
lusirasiion® were prepared by the Depar
meal, and when th® agauts wero ready to set
GKtoa the.r journey, it wm discovered that, b?
oversight, appropriation had been
oinde to pay their Mlaries Their movemen s
were therefore arres.ed for the time; but it
wasdeeeed imperant that alt unnecessary de
lay sa®a:d be avoided, and as provision had
keen made for the appointment and payment
of inree eommiMiGßers to negotiate treaiies
with th® Indians ®f California, it was conclu
ded to appoint tne same perseus commission
ers who had been noHiiu.itcd and eootirmed as
agents- By adeptiog this ouurs® -he commts
t.eaeri were euabied to pr®eeed without delay
;® -he Indi-® territory, where they will acquire
sash kn«wi®dga of tne habits aad character of
the Indians as will quality them to enter efii
camdy eu the thseaarge of their duties as
ageaJi as eoen as to® appropriation shall be
made for their salaries ; when that is dene
their functions as eemoiiisioDars will cease.
A re&dent superintendent and three general
agtsts have been appo-uted for tne Indian
Utbeoef Oregon.
Two special agents have been
the act cf sepu mber, 183$, t® o«-up
eum wiih th® resident agent in Texas in con
euiatiog the Indians ot that State. Under the
tnthor.ty of tn® same act lure® cumnaisaioners
t_oe seen appointed i® aoseaipaHy tbe joint
eoraißiwiea uow engaged m running and ssar
iLcg Lfte benodary oetween the Bmied States
luaa Maxtoe, for lha purpose es ®btaißißg fall
and eorroc; iaforsuuen m regard to tie Indian
tfibe® wno are soauered along our soaUawo®
VOL.LXIV—NEW SER] ESS VOL. XIV—NO 50
ters frontier, aud if possible te establish
frioedly rolatioas with them.
It io greatly te bo regretted that ne authori
ty was eenfiurted by law fer the appoint
ment es resident agents in New Mexico,
where they ate users necessary then in any
•.her part es the territory of the United States.
The Indiansef that country, comprising the
Camanehea, Navnjocs, Utshs, Apaches, and
Ticcariiles, are the meat savage and lawless
within our boundaries. For may years they
have been in the habit of making hostile incur
cions into tho neighboring proviuuos of Mexi
co, and ravaging whole neighborhoods—mur
doring tho men and carrying th a women and
children into captivity. By our recent treaty
with Mexico, the Governmrnt es tho United
Slams has bound iteoll to repress these outra
fas by Indians resident within ear borders.
tis Mseniial, lheiafore, for tho fulfilment es
oar treaty otipalationo with our oistor Repob
lie, as woll as for the protection of ear own
•itixono, that agento should bo sent among
those tribos who oan oxeroise a restraining in
fisense ever thorn Tho necessity fsr this
nteasuro has bsen painfully illustrated by the
eutragea whisk have been eemiaitted open
our citizens travelling to and from Santa Fo
The attack epos Mr. White and his party with
ia a few days’journey of that place has ob
tained a melancholy noteriely, He and his
whole party were brutally murdered, with the
exception of his estimable wife and a daughter
under ten years of age who wore made cap
lives. SubeoquenUy, being pressed by a body
es tacit who were iu pursuit of thorn, the lu
dians murdered Mrs. White, but still retain the
daughter ia horrible captivity. At tjie last
peaoMCAiopgrom-ptHaapumH tdififlUrtu *•»
«a:y,) with full power ts b«. it in ascii a mm»-
»ar mha might thiak ban. Ha has alas bs»u
iaatraated la a.arer iafarantioo ta the Indi
aaa that aa'sss thia child ha delivered up, they
will receive the ehaeuaeaaent by the military
patver es the Geveraeaeat which their savage
cruelty ae richly deaervea.
ffigkuay te tie Pacific.
Ceeaideratieas of freat national interßat
aeeui to require that the meaaa es intereeune
with eur peaaeaaiene ou the Pacific coaat
shsuld bo iiapr.r.d by the eonatrnciien es a
great thsrssgbfare, entirely within ear territo
ry. I rem the valley es the Mississippi te the
Pacific. Whether tbia can be heat aceoaapliah
ad by arailway, a tarnpike, era plaak read,
er by a eenahination of the different tasdse et
iaapreveiaent, caw enly be determined after a
careful .array es the eeuatry aad its reaeuroee
shall have been made. Our only aeeeaa te
tham new iaby a tailaama journey of month.*
duration thrnugh comparatively traekJass
waetee, or by a cireaiteae rayage, attended
with many privatiena and danger*. A high
way, eamiH.neing at setae point in the valley
of the Mississippi, and torminaiiog on the
eoast of the Paeific, with lateral branches,would
net only famishes the means of convenient
iatereeu.nsunisati->n, but would load te the os
tabluhxieut es a chain of eottlemento along ita
Imo, which would link together the widely sep
arated portico, es enr country by on insepa
rable bend of union.
Tee gigantic character of the work, howev
er, ad inoaiahee us of the nasaaaity es adopting
every prscautien in ascertaining the best
Haese, of effecting the object. With that view
care should ba taken to obtain full and areurata
informa ion a. to tee shortest and host routs,
haring dne reference net only te distance b»
tween the termini, but also te the soil, climate,
and adaptation te agricultural purposes es the
intermediate country. If the report should be
laverahle, it would thou be for the wisdom of
Congress Io determine hew far the probable
augiuoeMiion of the value st the publie laud
the incroa.ad facilities in the transportation es
the mail, and the ether advantages already re
ferred te, which may ba reasonably aaticipa
ed from the completion of tea work, assy
justify liberal contributions of laud er money
towards its construction. I iherefare beg leave
most respectfully to call your attention to the
subject, and to suggest lb« propriety of author
izing an immediate examination of the coun
try and such surveys as may be nts.aaary te
determine the practicability and probable cost
of the work.
Agricultural Bureau.
In surveying the various interests of the
country, no one can fail to observe hew little
has been done by Govoruuseut to promote the
cause of agriculture. It ia true, the cultivator
of the soil, in common with tbbl*wH
But sooip.ilii ig ranro sea'm <® be du ® t .h.„
I,much of iH iostry which employs more than
half our population, and, to a g rßat ext * l ’
bustains the other.
The power of tbe General Government
k . j d iiiiii. jimitad, bm
far as it does legitimately extend.
The ordinary means adopted to afford pro
taction to the manufacturing and commercial
inteiesto are comparatively inoperative in re
gard to the agricultural. A tariff can do but
little, directly, to benefit the farmer and tho
p enter. The staple productions of the Souih
are peculiar to that climate, and, therefore, are
in no danger of competition from abroad
These of the North and West, in consequence
of the fertili’y of t e soil, and tho low prices
at which land can be bought, aro produced at
loss eost there (ban in other countries, and
consequently, except under extraordinary con
tingencies, ii&od no protection by imposts on
the breadstaffs of foreign nalions.
But mill, much may be dona by Govern
ment, at a small cost, to promote the inters***
ufagriculture. The scienco is yet :n its in
fancy, and great minds are now directed to The
study and development of its t r ue p iuciples
Experiments are in progress to ascertain tbe
qualities of different sods ; tho comparative
nutritive properties of different animal and
vegetable productions ; ana the utility and
efficiency of various manures in fertilizing
and renewing tho exhausted lands of the old
States.
Eucourugeuaent may be offered to enter
prises like these, and facilities furnished for the
collsctien es seeds, plants, and vegetables foia
ail parts of tho earth, and their distribution
through the country.
Premiums may be offered for tbe best prac
tical treaties on tho d.fferent branches of bus
bandry, which can be published and sent
abroad among the people. By means like
these a spirit of philosophic inquiry may bo
siiojulated, aud a great impulse given to the
interests of agriculture. Much has already
been done in this respect through the agency
of the Patent Office; but the subject is too
important to be left in thisdependaot condition
The last annual report from tbe Department
recominesdsd the establishment of an Agri
cultural Bureau, to afford to this great branch
of American industry the oaeonragoment
which it so well deserves. This is no novel
suggestion, it had tho sanction of Washing
ton, who, in bis last annnal Message, referring
»• the propriety of creating an agricltnral
board, said : “ This species of establishment
contribntos doably to the ioeroase of improve
ment by stimulating to enterprise and experi
usoßt, and by drawing to a eomoion centre the
resnlts, every where, of individual skill and
observation, and spreading them thence over
the whole nation. Expetioneo accordingly
has shown that they are very cheap inurements
of immense national benefit.”
1 therefore renew the recomosendatioß of
my predecessor for the establishment of a sept
rat® bureau, to bo entrusted with the duty of
promoting the agricultural interests of the
country. Tne vast extent and rapid develop
ment of the mineral resources of th® conu ry
a em to require that adequate prevision should
a so be made by law for th® collection and anui
\an of the vaneus mineral sobstaßoes which
have been or way b® discovered, so that thair
properties may bo understood and their value
correctly appreciated.
The purcha«© of a farm in the vieinity of
the national metropolis, to be tilled and man
aiied under the directi®u of the bureau, has
been suggested as an important auxiliary iu
illustrating the best modes of ealturo. If this
idea should be favorably ra oivsd, I would re
spectfully add that Mount Vernon, whose soil
was once tilled by the hands and is row cone®
crated by the dust es the Father of his Coun
try, should properly belong to the aatiou, and
might with great propriety become, under its
auspices, a model farm to illustrate the pro
gress - f that pursuit to was so mutb
devoted.
Ceneuo.
Shortly after the passage of the 3 act of 23d
of May, 1830, for taking ths seventh census,
and tor « : her purposes, a superintendent was
appointed, and the other measures deemed
necessary to secure tbe prompt and faithful
performance of that du y adopted. The re
tarns which are now coming iu daily from all
parts of tbe Union, give gratifying assurances
mat the census will bo completed within the
time limited by law, and in a manner highly
creditable to ail wbow have been engaged in it
loEomsfew instances delays may occur in
consequence of casualties which could wo
have bt-en avoided, and in one «r two ul the
cause remote territories, in the receipt of the
schedules
The amount es valuable statistical informa
tion col’ected and embodied iu these returns
will far exceeed any thing kuowu in our pas.
history ; and it is therefore important that
provision should be made a; an early day for
printing such abstracts as may be deemed el
practical utility, in a style and form worthy of
tae subject and of the country.
Tbe report of the superin.undent will show
that additional legislation may be necessary l*>
do full justice to the marshes of some ei the
usore remote and sparsely populated sections
of th® country
Mtxican Boundary Surv e y.
My predecessor reported to the Presidon:,
on the 18th es May last, in answer io a ca;
from th® donate for infurxnation relative to the
progress es this survey, that the initial pom
ua the Pacific, and the point es junction ei the
Gila with the Colorado liver, oaf deter
mined and fixed ; ibal the iutarveuiug ini ’ «<
buaudary bad been run and marked, aod tem
pvrary aaoritirueiits elected thereon, for ad«
lance of about thirty miles; ana that die op-*-
rau®ns of the joint ccaacniMon had oeen
penaed abeat the Ist ®f f'ebaruary last by av
adjournment t® the Ist Monday ia
Blumo. Tbe temporary monuments adudea to
are now baing replaced by permanent Ones,
and tbs joint commission ( htten the part of
the United 3tales having been reorganised
prior to my taking charge es tbs Department)
have doubileas assembled at El Paso, accord
ing to the terma es their adjournment, for
tfeofiirpose es running and marking the line
thence westward to ths river Gila.
It is the determination of the Department
that this work shall be pressed forward to com
pletion with the utmost despatch, so that, if
possible, the expectations of Congress, as in
dicated in the appropriatien act of sth May last
may bo realized.
Puilie Building*.
My predecessor, in his report which aecom
pauied the aneual message of the late Presi
dent to Congress, took occasion to invito at
tention to tbs condition es the pablie build
inga, and te show the tendency es the Capitol,
Patent Office, and the Treasury Building to
dilapidation, from the perishable nature of the
material es which they are constructed. Per
sonal observation has satisfied me that his fears
on ihstsebjeet are wellfouaded. Experience
has demonstrated that the sandstone es which
they us built, when left (.prelected from the
Mtiou es the atmosphere, rapidly disiate
grates.
The only temporary preventive which has
yet been diMarerad aad applied, is a strong
coating es paint, which, by alesing the peree
of the stone, prevents the absorption es wa
ter. This expedient bee beta faaod to be
a tooted with penial encoeini in the preserva
tion of the Capitol and President's houso. I
would . respectfully recommand, ‘.borofere, '
that an appropriation be made of an anaoaat
... = ... ..... s ... ?
are to be of white marble, and the ends are
new pretested by being joined to the wings,
leaving enly the front aad rear exposed te
decay, and u net merely disialagratioa but
actaal dilapidation hat already commenced, I
would roeomuoad that the oatira exterior fac
ing es the freat be removed, and its pises sup
plied by a veaeeriug es white marble of the
same quality as that used in the construction
of the wings. The whole building would
then preseut a uniform ■ippearaued, and be
rendered comparatively iudestruetible by at
mospheric agevey. Practical workman have
expressed the opinion that it can bo done at a
small cost when compared with ita benefieial
results, and without ia any degree endanger
ing the security and nubility of the walls.
But should any doubt bo OntorUiaed on the
subject, scientific engineers might bo eonsul
tod, and means taken U ascertain the actual
east in time for legislative aetien before the
close of the approaching semion of Congress.
If the result should be favorable, it would
then be time te inquire bow tar the earns sys
tem should bo pursued ia reference to the
Treasury Building. The extent of the colon
nade in front es that building, however, given
reason to doubt whether the same system ean
bo readily adapted ia regard te it. The only
expedient that is left, therefore, for the pre
servation of that massive structure, ie by a
eualing of paint.
In this connexion, I beg leave te urge the
propriety of completing, with as little delay
as practicable, both wings of the Patent OSes.
Umil this be done the large sums already ex
psndsd will be es no practical use, and the
edifice will presents mutilated appearance.
But there are ether considerations of the
most urgent character which call for their
comp etion. At present the various offices
attached to the Department of the Interior
are scattered through six different buildings
widely separated from cash ether, four of
which ara owned by private individuals.
Tnreo of these ere not only uasuited in their
interior arrangements for tie purpose for
which hey are used, but are of combustible
material, and contiguous te private dwellings.
The officers are therefore subjected to great
iucouvsuicnee in comiuunicaliug with the
head of the Depa-tmeut, and the public
archive, are inconstant danger from fire.
The rent new paid for rooms affording this
impcrleut and uiseeure accomodation exceeds
per annum. But the rooms in the
War Department occupied by the Indian
Bureau are needed fer the purposes es that
Department, and those in the Treasury build
ing eccnpiad by lbs General Land office are
required by the Secretary of the Treasury,
and notice to that efi'aot has been given to this
Department .. anew
I ''judeai ~ieCttHi a> ~'Tir*‘tn* War and
Treasury buildings, the amouat of lha annual
rent to he paid will be more than doubled, and
ihe most valuable archives of tba Govern
ment, comprising the muniments of title to
many millions of acres of what wee once the
public dwinaiu* will be placed iu nepSMiiuuu es
jrnetipeoeuniy.
<
bo U|.j). vpriato<S to the accuussnedatioe of the
Dopa-ti. ..f the Interior e«.d -ha different
office th tret© «tto»Qfcd. They tWU« be
under one reef The cecumeuiea
jeu batWHou the head es the Department and
the different bureaux will be greatly fieiiitated,
4ud the records of G jTerument eafely lodged
:q a fire-preef building. Tnece are adranta
which will be cheaply bought by the expen
diture of the sum necessary te complete those
wings.
Introduction of Watar into ths City.
The vast enlargerueuU of our territorial
limits, and ths rapid gruw h of the country in
wealth xnd population bare been attended
with a corresponding increase of the public
uusiwas* and ol the nuiuber es persons ein
ployed perform it. A large proportion of
me popuiation of the city of Washington is
diracily or indirectly connected with me affaire
m.' Gorernment. The representatives of tbe
people and the States from all sections of the
Union, annually usemblo bare to perform
their nigh functions, aad are detained during
the greater part of each alternate year. Many
of tbftui tons from salubrious regions where
the disease* incident to more southern climates
are unknown. It would see mi, then, to be a
duty of the Governcueat, es the most impera
tive charaeier, to adopt all Bseomary precau
tions to guard againn every thing whicn tends
to endanger the health of those servants of the
people and their fawiilieo.
'J'ts accomplish this purpose, and at the same
timu io eontribate io me comfort of the whois
population and to affe/d an effectual aafegnard
to ail the public offices against fire, I respect
fully recomcueud ue ieireduction into the
national metropolis of a copiuns supply of
pure water, te bo thrown, in the first plaeo,
into a r servoir on some elevated point in ns
vicinity, and thence distributed through the
public buildings and densely populated part of
the city.
The improvement of the publit greonds, by
enclosing and planting them with trees and
surubbery, and providing promenades and
leiint&ius, is a subject of kiedred character,
tending to the seme resalts, aad only so co nd
in importance to the supply of water. 1
therefore commoad it also to your favorable
consideration.
1 have the boner to bo, sir, very respootfolly,
your obedient servant,
Anxx. H. 11. Btoart, Secretory.
To the President of th* United States.
Fuoititk Slavc Law in Vkkmont.—The
Legislature of Vermwni, at its lata session,
passed a law with special reference to give
those “ inhabitants ” of that Suite arrested as
fugitive slave?, tbe beuefi; of the Habeas
pus, and of every pus.iblo legal defence. It
devolves upon the Circuit Judges efibo sever*
al Judicial Cmris, the power of issaing this
writ, haratofore vested in ihe Judges of the
Supreme Court, and makes it the duy of the
Buie s Attorney, in the several counties, te
apply to either class of Judges er Courts, in
c.i.e ths arrest of any lubibitant as a fugitive
slave eccu a, when the Judge or Court ap
plied te shall issue the writ ta Ha»o*s Gorpus, .
rot tiro able to the Supreme pr ''ouaty Court, ..vi
when in session, or to any Judge of •tciter
Court during vacation.
If under ibis writ, issaod during Üb« vaca
tion by aay Judge, the person arreetod Im
pruoned ae a fugitive be not di*ehargod, ho io
enudedtoan appeal to tne next term of the
County Court, by furnishing proper bail.
I he Court to which an appeal is made, or to
willed the writ was originally made returaaoie,
is directed, upon the application of either par*
ty interested, to allow a trial by jury of all the
facts at isiue between (he parties. The law
makes it the special duty of the Slate’s Attor
neys in tbe several counties to use every law
ful up ans to procure the acquit.al «i every
person arrested ■ nd claimed wahm their dis
.rices as a fugitive slave, and instructs ail judi
cial and executive officers win? shall know er
1 have reason to believe that such an arrest is
iuieucied, to give Jinmediate uo ico thereof to
he Attorney »n their county, that ne may ctme
>y taxe thu measures that devolve upon him
f-r set-wring the lights of the arrested party.—
1 intfidd (Maio.) Ktpublican.
Ou diK me New ifork Journal ot Com
merce cominenis as follows: As w« uuder-
M» a. dfhe ease, ibis law of the Legislature of
Ve. wout is direcJy contrary to tne deeisioa of
Supreme Court es «be United Stales, and
•«» t ff cr a nubifieation of the Act of Ceagr«»««
While ether Stales, whi< hhdve pss»ed uneou-
Miau.ioual laws ou die subject, are aboat to re
peal tnetti, Vermum seems disposed te cohi
itoace rbe race anew. Seetivu aixiu of ‘he
m'.v of Co jgr«?sauiaorizes the Judge or Coia
missioudr lu the ease in a a hid in ary
manoer, and alO provide- that “Uje cert finale
• ju inis and tue fifat section wenlioued, soaii be
1 conclusive us me right of die person or per
sons in whose favor grained, to remove such
' fugitive to tbe State or Tern ory from wtich
’ ue oecapetf. and shah prevent alt molssuuiuu of
peiiofi or persons, by wap uatted
s ut t y Court, Judge, MugisiruU, or oUitrpar
s>h w ujmiivccef 1 The l--:giM<aiure oi Ver
o‘,ui, it would seem, c aiUM me rigid to «ro
ntitLo-i Uic execution **f the law at every step
wf its progress: to take me prveew out of dm
n-ncs of me inbauai* appoin t by ike United
- ' at-s ,-ou brio* k SuitoCeUfis, aliow-
;g iue privnege oi appeal, and so rendering
n*execauon of‘h** law aext te impossible.
■ o ail -rucit proceedings the penalties spcei
a jo eeetios seb eotu apply *ua we trust tney
<H; be enforced ‘ at every aizard. *
Ut-ca, Dec. dm, XoOG.—f be wea’.her list
eveniega»d to-day has boen ike coldest st the
> ; caaai navigation at this point is snspen
i ded and there having been considerable of a
> fall of snow, the sieigamg is quite good.