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SY WILLIAM S. JONES. Struts. , TKB WEEKLY CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL Is Published every Wednesday, AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM IM ADVANCE. TO CtUBS sr INDIVIDUALS sending us Ten Dollars, BIX sopies es tbo Paper will be sent for one year, this furnishing the Paper at the rate of SIX COPIES FOR TEN DOLLARS. •r a free copy te all who may procure us fire sub ( so risers, and forward no the money. ISE CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL BAII«T AND TRI-WEEKLY, Ar« also published at thie office, and mailed to sub seribers at the fallowing rates, viz.; Daily Papbr, if sent by mail*'*.s7 per annum. Tri.Webkly Pafbr 4 “ •« TERMS OF ADVERTISING. In Wbbklt. —Seventy-five cents persquare (12 lines ar less) far the first insertion, and Fifty cent •r eeeh subsequent insertion. ga ——BWM, . . ■■ »JS~!3ig!i_ni._iii COUNTING HOUSE CALENDAR FOR i®>g ? i 5 'xi 2 -7 s - -I B £!i s 1 Bis: ? MONT'S j |f? 1 ’ -m-J" " n *xs |»i» « a « stM S PEBR'V ,1 JST|»'«3O3I. 9| 8 i 5, s: 7 3 3 < S a T s » J a.lWtl w tan IS (10 II It 13 It 15 1« 51S)l7|i!j 19 20 2i;2S; >l7 18.U9.20 21 22 2t MARCH f ,1 " •so;« s s; 7 teisWWl4--| “> •«. s « < 9 lUlllIV.UIUpS:; >7 S oho H IT 13 ItstiTtiwis 90 si'22.i ,n is is'l7 is, is(9s fean’fOT sfe’*iT APRIL.. ..U ;■; 3 3, OOf-R-.j- -•(“ PT rs < f sa-af«-foa «'War-U 1 ' --- f MAT ...riiTp!. /]r s : xov’R.:': '•• ' ’! i r ! * S' ‘ » ». ria- » s r s 3:7 s IlllldnJH 13 I« 17 - 0 10 II 13 l.<;n 15 fans; 1 01 -r.- S 3 at Its it is tsas st as * ■as 30 30131 >93 24 25 23 27,25 29 JUX8...1 I a a < s' s 7 DEC’R.i” 1 I stvi I S 3 9(10 1112 13 11 I 7 8 9 101111713 15 13,17 IS 1* 20:21 ’ll IS 13 17 IS'l3 20 fa »9f 3h.»jtfi3 2! 99 13 21 as:i» 27 <»|3ol I I ( -2S 29130 31 1 January and February, 1852. It 2 3 FEBP.’Y-l 1 2. 3! 1, 5. Si < ' 4! S S r! 9, 9;toj ‘ t 9 10 U. 19113,1 1 ,11.12'13'H IS I6!17 liMlStivlis IB: Si Sis;i»,Mtei.‘®fa|nl faral-n.ss 2B»i9S Wai 97 29 soialili 5 I I i I ~ 1 | COVTWGTOW FEMALE SEMINARY TIIC PRKCEPTORI Al- care of the above named Isstitutien, has beeu conferred upon the subscriber, by the Trustees, for the year 1951. A large amount of roonev has been appropriated by the citisens of Cavinxton, aud vieinity, for the ertciicm of a Female CaUegein this place. A com modious and splendid edifice will be built, and all the apartments tastily and conveniently fined ouL It is eonfidemly expected that the exercises of the Ceilegiate Jourse will commence in January, 1852, under an able and efficient faculty. The sxerciees of me Seminary will ccmmenee on the Th*rteenth of JANUARY, 1851. Competent AMrietaata will be procured in the various depart ments. The spesial object of this School is to instruct young Ijadiee in the rudiments, as well as in the more advanced stagaa of a good education. Follow ing the asost approved systems of instruction, with nine years’ experience in teaching, the subscriber flatters h’mself he can offer to his pupils advantages not surpassed in any School in the State. Particular attention will be paid to Reading, spelling, ArUhmdiCj Geography, Grammar, Bisiory. Competition, Penmanship, &c.,as these constitute the foundation of a thorough and practical education. o The course of Instruction pursued at this Semina ryjs liberal—embracing every particular necessary to improve the mind, form the manners, enlighten the understanding and prepare the pupil to move with ease, respectability and usefulness in any circle es society or ephere of action. Much of the happiness of every family depends on a proper cultivation of the female mind. To accom plish this object, and in every respect to meet the wishes of parents and guardians, in relation to their youthful charge, no pat ns or expense will be spared. Ibe Principal will devote himself exclusively to the instruction and discipline of the School. He will consider hdnselt invested with a discretionary parental authority; constantly treating the Students with mildness and moderation, governing them by applying the more honorable and generous excite ■asLts to good conduct; but in cases which manifest ds/'.Mrats wiaksdness and obstinacy of character, when all advisory measures shaii have proved inef "•“■W&ual, he will (bea proceed to inflict such punish ment as may bo deemed necessary to reclaim the pupil and sustain the character o( the School. Parents and Guar lisas may be well assured that their children and wards will be accommodated with board en Jhe mast reasonable terms, and every at tention paid to their comfort and convenience. Tbo price of Tuition is reasonable, and in accord ance with the tins**. *tW f ba. from the li«s •f onteriog the School until the close •f me term. .All dues mart be paid at ea<-! Ur.o Mueic, Wax-work, Drawing and Painting, will be taught by skillful teachers, at reasonable prices. To persons at a distance it may be well lossy—the locality is healthy and desirable ; the society plea- ■not and cultivated. Far fur her information address the Principal. <l3l w3m JAMES L. RANDL4, A. B. Kenesaw Female Seminary. ABOARDIMO AMD DAY SCHOOL, for Toun,; Indies - Marietta, Georgia. Rev. Tbomas F. Scott, Rector. The Twelfth Session will omniiraßee on MONDAY FEBRUARY 3,1811. Circulars sent on application to the Rectoe. dU wjhn fijotelg. LOOK HERE. WAYNESBORO HOTEL. Waynnbora,- Oeor*la« «THE subscriber begs leave to inform hie friends, and the public generally, that he has again become Proprietor of the above Establishment, and that he is about to make each alterations and ad ditioaeas he is confident will enable him to enter tain all of his old friends, and such new < nes as may favor him with a call, in the most comfortable and satisfactory manner. It ie his intention to spare neither expense ner pains to render hia House de servedly popular; be therefore hopes fora liberal share of public patronage. j«io-4t Madison McCarty. FRANKLIN HOTEL. STREET, Augusta Ga., eno square above the Globe Hotel, on the side of Broad street. ttKLwly D. B. RAMSEY, Proprietor. EAGLE HOTEL. MADISONVILLE, TENNESSEE. THE SUBSCRIBER takes pleasure in returning hia thanks to his friends and she publie, for the very liberal patronaxe here • More extended to bun. And having recently im proved and extenaed hia buildings so aa to afford the beat accesameeations to almost any number of trav el I ere and pecaans wishing boarding, he confidently •specie an tnaroaee of public favor and patronage. Building situated on second block routb of the Pabtie Sqasre -ene hundred and fifty feel long— vawma regularly laid off and well furnished. He is aftoo well prepared to take the best care of borer*, Ac. Stable large sad secure—careful and attentive ser vants. lu short, the greatest attention will bn paid, and poiae taken, to render all comfortable who may call at the Eagle Hotel. JOSEPH R. RUDD. August 3, I*so. au3-wtf To Contractors and Builders. SK ALK* PROPOSALS will be received until lb-20ih of February lssl, for the erection of a Brick EDIFICE for the Southam Female College. Th. plan of th. building, and specification., can be Men at th. Secrutary's Office, on and after the 30th ol January. By order of th. Board. J. 11. MURRELL. Secretary of the Board ol Trustees. <»vingtoa. Dec. 27, 1650. d?l-wiFe20 REUBEN RICH’S PATENT CENTRE - VENT WATER WUKEL. CAUTION.-- Having been informed that a cer tain person named REED, ia vending a Water Wheel upon which the water ie conducted by mean, of a epiml scroll, aa upon “Reuben Rich’s Patent Centro Vent,” we hereby notify and caution the public, that wo will proaecute, in all iusuncee, for say evasion or infringement upon eaid patant, both •» maker aad party using, and will be thankful for any information referring ua to pairiea thus trewase taf. GINDRAT & OS. AM, Ama 11, NOTICE. LOST O* «l»PL*tkD, Twenty. Eight Handrad IMlara, ail in one hundred Dollar Nates. mad. payable to JOHN W. GREEN, <>r bearer, fated e»tu. wino ia September, ISSO. Signed by A. S. OSSSb, (hi. mark ) All pcraeav are haveby teeewaiaad ■ trading far Mid Nate., and the Maker, A. S. Craaa, ia forewarned not to pay Mid N-aa ta ether patnaa axaept mveelf. JOHN W. MREEN. Sal. Hases all m diMand the first day of January mart. afa-wn ). W- «. ~ LIVBKT STABLES; MADISON, GEORGIA. aSTMip BARRALL db HARRIi ri -- b»g leave to announce to as their friend, in Madiaon and JT — XT- the travelling Public gen.- rally, the* they have opened the above STAHI.Rs, aad that they iatead to keep aa fine CARRIAGES, BUGGIES’ aad HORSES, aacue be found ia any StablM whb aaretul driver*. Viutena as Madiaoe and strangers visiting Madiven, by coming to us will always find ready aaramtmeiauan, to go any where they wuh on rMaouabl* term*. ifadwwo. ian. » im • SPRINGHILL MACHINE SHOP.' A ’’•R BVILDHU AND REPAIRING dff faallktede of COTTON AND WOOL MA- Y—making Urge SCREWS ANS GEARING,of all kinds—TURNING IRON, WOOD. *e., AISO, WOOL CARDED AND BaTTKD, eig a iaafrem Augusta,oe ibe Louiavitlereed,where the roprifaora wiil b« grateful for all orders—or they Ml eleftatC. A.* M. H. WILLIAMS’S, Angoe u— r directed to Richmond Factory P. ». liCtdkWAL IlACKAkkL—2oo,*;X>>« MACKEREL XtX of serious stSM, ter Mie Sv j»!8 HAND, WILLIAMS fa CO. VAT, tn sou M rail pwefraear*, for sale by f*tf hand, williams * co. ®l*~—iSjfaliaM totMiTby * Jall-dAw PHILIP A. MOIRS, tag|>a. U k lib H H kl H i i J H HX bl ®ul r 1 fw MISCELLANY. ■ SELECTED TOETEY. r THE HOPE OF THE HEART. bv Loan sracs. 1 “No nobler theme ever engaged the pen of poet. ! It is the soul-elevating idea, ihat no man can consid er himsell entitled to complain of Fate, while, in his adreisity. he still retains tho unwavering love of woman.”— C. A. Poe. Though the day of my destiny’s over, And the star of my fate bath declined, Thy soft hsvrt refused to discover i The faults which so many could find ; Though thy soul with my grief was acquainted, It shrunk not to share it with me, And the love which my spirit bath painted It never had found but in thee. Then, when nature around me is smiling, The last smile which answers to mine, I do not believe it beguiling, Because it reminds me of thine ; And when winds are at war withtbe coean, As the breasts I believed in with me, If ths billows excite an emotion, It is that they bear me from thee. Though tho roclc of my last hope ia shivered, And its fragments are sunk in the wavs, Though I feel that my soul is delivered To pain—it shall not be its slave ; Th«rc is many a pang to pursue tne ; They may crush, but they shall not contemn — They may torture but shell not subvine roe — ’T.-e of thee that I think not .f them. V s Though human, thou didst not deceive me, 2 Though woman, thou didst net forsake, 9 Though loved, thou forborast to grieve me, Though alandered, thou never couldst shake, Though trusted, thou didst net declaim me, Though parted, it was nut to fly. Though watchful, ’twas uot to defame me, Nor mute, that the world might belie. Yet I | Nor the wut'oyha many with one— ‘ If my eocl was not fitted to prize it, ► ’Twas folly not sooner te shun; ( And if dearly that error hath cost me, And more than I once could foresee, I have fori nd that whatever it lost bae, It could not deprive me of thee. j From the wreck of the past, which hath perished, i Thus much I nt least may recall, ’ It hath taught me that which I most cherished Deserved te be dearest of all : In the deaerfea fountain is springing, In the wide waste there still is a tree, 1 And a bird in the solitude singing. Which speaks to my spirit of thee. t From the Loeisville Journal. PRESS ON.— IT J. B. BABBIOK. Tho’ the present be dark and bo promise bestow, The future for thee bath its treasures in stere: The’ the morning be bid in shadow a»d gloom,, The aun may the noon and the evening illume: Tho’ the stars be unseen with the dawn of the night, Ere it wanes they may shine as an emblem of light. The fountains and streams are the source of the sea, The ocean is filled with the drops of the lea : The mountains that rear their broad summits on high, And the hills that fade in the blue of the sky, Were once as the valley—as smooth as the plain, From whence they their height in the distance at tain. Then thou who wouldet shrink in the battle of life, Whose heart is unmanned at its terror and strife, Take courage—take strength—let virtue and truth Be a shield te thy heart in the days es thy youth ; Tbo’ others should yield to the phantom of fear, Lat hope on the folds of thy banner appear. Young man, while existence is lovely and fair, While the spring-time of life is a blessing to share : While the roses of health are manti tag they cheek, And thy heart from its fullness of joy doth speak, Press on in thy duty—the day shall bo thine, When thy fame liken star in the zenith shall ebine. Then on ; press on—’tis thy minsion to fill.; Tbcre’avirture in effort, there’s triumph in will» Let the lignt of thy life for others outshine, That their’s may be Jit in the brightness ot thine : Let thy star as a beacon shine o’er life’s sea, That it an example to others may be. Glasjoio, Ky. } Dec., 1850. HIiCBLIINBOUS U TEIiITIRE AM> SEWS. ’llls Palace of Glnia, Mr. Paxtoo, the designer of the Palace of Glaaa, naw in conrao of erection for the Great Leaden Exhibition for Idol, recently read a paper before tho British Society of Arts, in which he gave the following n-i.-ri ing account: One great feature in the present building is t>av a.i a •estiga el eittier stone, brick or mortar is necessary to be used, but the whole >a coinposed of dry material, ready at once for the introduction of article, for the exhi bition. Bv ito inker combin.a—F-w— --aider the limited period allowed for the erec tion of so stupendous a structure, the attain ment of this all important point has secured what may almost be deemed the most impor I . . u G’L_ _i tent consideration. The absence of mortar, plaster, or any moist material in the construe lion, together with the provision made for the vapor, which will necessarily arise, and aro condensed against the glass, enaoles the exhibi tor at once to place his manufactures in their respective situations, without the probability es articles, even of polished ware, being tar nished by their exposure. It may be impor tant here to sta'e that it is unnecessary to cut down any of 'he large timber trees, provision being mads, by means of a curvilinear roof over the transept ofthe building,for them to stand b.uaath the glass, and by a proper diffusion of air, they will not suffer by the enclosure. (Mr. Paxton here proceeded to describe the drawings of the plans of the buildings, as ex hibited upon the walls of the room, showing the original idea es the building, and the im proved design as it now stands.) The height of the centre aisle is 64 feet, the side aisle 44 fact, and outside aisles, or first story, 24 feet. Tbe transept is 108 feet in height, and has been covered with a semi-circular roof, like that es the great conservatory at Chatsworth, in order to preserve the large elm trees oppo site to Prince's gala. The whole number of caat-iron columns is 3.300. varying from 14 feet 6 inches to 20 feet io length. There are 2,224 cast anti wrought iron girders, with 1 128 intermediate bearers, for supporting the floors of the galleries over the large openings of the aisles. The girders are of wrought iron, and those for the galleries are of cast iron. The fronts of the gnlleriee are also supported by cast iron girders. The dimensions of the building aro 1,851 feet in length, mid 456 feet in bread'h ia the widest part. It covers, altogether, more than 18 acres, and tbe whole is supported oncast iron pillars, waited by bolts and nuis fixed to flanges turned perfectly true, and resting eu concrete foundations. Tho total cubic coo teuu es the building are 33,000.000 feet. The six longitudinal galleries, 24 feet in width, running the whole length of the building, and the four transverse ones, of the same dimen sions, afford 25 per cent. additional exhibiting surface ta that provided on the ground flour This extra apace is suited for the display of light manufactured goods, and will also give a complete view of the whole of the articles ex hibited, together with an extensive view of the interior ol the building, lu order to give the roof a light and graceful appearance, it it built ou the ridge and furrow principle, and glazed with British sheet glass, as previously described. Tbe rafters art eontinasd in un interrupted lines the whole length of the building- The transept portion, although covered by a semi circular reof. is also on the angular principle. All the reof and upright sasties being made by machinery, are put to gether aud glazed with great rapidity for, being fitted and finished before they are brought to the place, little mere ia required en the spat than to place the fini.hed tra’arials m the positions intended for them. The length of sash-bar requisite ia 205 miles. The quantity of glees required ia about 900,000, weighing upwards ot 400 tons. All round tho lower tier of the building, however, will be boarded with fillets planted on the perpendicular lino with the sash-bare above. I have iriod many experiments in order to find oat the most suitable floors for the path ways of liorticnltural structures. B;<>ue ie objectionable on many accounts, but chiefly on account of the moisture and damp which it retains, which renders it uncomfortable, ee pecially to those wearing thin shoes. The difficulty of getting rid of the waste from the watering of plants is also an objection; but perhaps tbe greatest is the amount es dost from sweeping, which always proves detrimen tal to plants. 1 likewise loumi that close boarding tor pathways was open to many of the same objections as atone ; for althoogh damp or Moisture was in part got rid es, yet still there were no meaos es immediately get ting rid <sf tho dost. These various objections led me to the adoption of trelltsed wooden patchweys, with spaces between each board, through which on sweeping, tbe dust at once disappears, and falls into the vacnity be'ow. Whiter the accomplishment of this point was meet important in plant houses. I consider it doubdy so with respect to the Industrial build ing. where there will ba such an accumulation I of various articles of delicate texture and > workmanship. Before -weeping the floors of the great building, the whole wilt bo sprinkled with water from a moveable liaud-engiue. which will be imruedia'ely followed by a . sweeping machine consisting of many brooms. I fixed to an apparatus on light wheels, aud drawn by a abaft. By this means a large per j lion of groued will be pas-ed over in a very i she it space of time. ' The boards for ;be doer will be nine inches e broad, an inch and a half thick, laid hall art r inehapart, on deeper joists, nine inches deep - and three inches thick, placed four foot apart. This meinod es rteonng then poasessM the following advantagi is—it is very economical , dry. elean, pleasant to walk open, admits oi rhe ilevt lall.ag tbrwngh ilw spams : and eves when it requires r» be thoroughly washed, the water at ones disappears betwixt th* open mgs, and tho boards b- eotze almost immedi etoly fit for visitors. The gslleries will b< r laid with elese beanbag. Tbe ventilation • tbe building has beest stoat carefully aenoider , ed A building where so Many individaali will congregate must require a constant ad mission of pure air ; and a most copions sap 9 ply is provided. Four foot round the wbolt of the basement part of the building ia made of louvre boarding, and nt the top of each tiers similar provision of three fret is made, . with power to add an additional quantity tl required ; in tho centre aiale also the air will be plentifully admi’trd. By simple machinery the whole of the ventilation can be regulated with the greatest ease. The advantages ol • this kind of ventilation are several. Louvre • boards are very simple in constrection; they ]. can be opened and closed instantaneously with tho greatest readiness: they nicely distribute the air, and yet admit a large volume of it; and from the manner in which they are placed over each other, they effectually prevent the entrance of wet iu rainy weather. In order to subdue the intense light ia so ' large a building covered with glass, all the south side es the upright pane, and the w • ele of the angled roof, will be covered outside with canvass or calico, so fixed as to al.ow a current of air to pass between the canvassand the roof. It very much assists in cooling the temperature within. Provision will be made to use the Indian plan of ventilation, if the heat is so in'euse as to render it desirable to have letn-eraiure cooler thau out of doors. A house was fitted up last summer at Chats worth, as an sxperiinsntal place to try this mode efvsntilating, when it was found to an swer the purpose admirably. The tempera Hire was reduced iu one hour from 85 to 78 degrees, without any other means being used to increase the draught through the buildiag. This sort ol covering offers tho following ad vantages—the brightness of the light will be tempered and subdued, tho glass will bo pro tecied;from the possibility of injury by huilp -Ute screen being placed on the outside will i, render the biiilding much cooler than if it were placed ii-eide, and through this provision the veotilatioa c«u be regola.e.. el pieaaore. From the aide galleries, rc.nniwg —i t.'LoJo tii>ge rH be grand - view' of;;-'‘wir*- -- ■.—•■vrvwwre below, whitet the transverse galleries in the middle and at the ends will afford ample means for general super vision, and will serve to communicate between the side galleries. Magnifying glasses, work, ing on swivels, placed at short distances, will give additional facility for commanding a more perfect general view of the Exhibition. After I, the Exhibition is over, I would convert the building into a permanent winter garden, and would then make carriage drives and eques trian promenades through it. Pedestrians would have about two un'es es galleries and two miles of walks upon the ground floor, and sufficient room would then be left for plants. The whole intermediate spaces between the walks and drives would be planted with shrubs aud climbers frem temperate climates. In summerthe upright glass might be removed so as to give the appearance of a continaons park and garden. A structure whore the in dustry of all nations is intended to be exhibit ed should, as it is presumed, present to parties , from all nations a building far the exhibition es • their arts and manufactures ; that while it af fords ample accommodation and convenience > for the purpose intended, weald of itself be , the most singular aod peculiar feature of the exhibition ; hew lar this has been accomplish. ed I must leave to tho community to decide. Vaccination. A gentleman of Liberty Bounty has forward ed ua the foliewing, from tbo pen of Dr. Smith, of Baltimore, who is, wenndentand, the agent of the United States for the distribution es vac cine inaiter. We pnblish it for the informa tion of all concerned: SMALL-POX AND VACCINATION. Rulee and Htnte to Physician, and the People. 1. Vaccine matter should always be selected, end eons taken except from perfectly healthy subjects. 2. The longer the pustule centinuee after vacsioa tion the more perfect the protection will be and the better will be the matter to vaccinate others with. 3. Asa general rule. I would take no matter from any subject to vaccinate others with that had not passed at least sis een daye from the litne of vaccina, tioo; I should never take matter from any patient that bad brokea the pustule by scratching or any other means; nor if local inS .mmation had been i caused ty taking cold or otherwise. 4. The patient should be examined on the fourth day after vaccina'ion. If there be anydoabtas to its haring taken effect, he should be vaccinated in the other arm. Tne patient should be exemined also on the eighth or einth day. If there be no fever, or other constitutional ayinploma, such aesorene«s of rhe axillary glands, &e., he should be vaccinated in the <i'her arm He should be seen again oh the sixteenth ■ day. If the pustule shall hare become dry, and crust perfect it should then betaken off, if it can be'; if not, another examination on the 17th or 18tk day will bo necessary. 6. If the pustule dries np, forming a scab before the 15th day, I should consider it imperfect, end vac cinate the patient again. Because in many cases the vaccine disease is a mere local affection ; and whea it iseo, it can, of course, afford no pr.-lection against small -[ox. This local character is readily seen in lha absence of fever on the eighth or ninth day, ab sence of soreness io the axillary glands, and tn the short duration of the pustule. ,®.' jMiwacfaptfeo ie alt cases in such cases I never depend upon the appeal atnro Ut tits l - - ' soul-, nui -rhe mrautrv nf the patient us to the soreness ol the arm, ftb,', nor upon any other testimony ttian that of Hie physician who vaccinated the patient the first lime, Ifthisbenot saUefaclary, according to the above rules, 1 re-vaccinate. I have never seen a person that I knew had been perfectly vaccinated, take either vaccination a ee cond tiuie, er varioloid or small pox The ecar is not to bi depended upon. It can only inform uo that vaccination hud been attempted. The pustuie may have been scratched, or opeued in some other way; a common sore may have left the acar. Non-medical people are net good judges aa to the perfection of vaccination. 1 have, in numerous instance?, produced the perfect vaccine disease in peiaons that showed good ecars, and who said they had been well vaccinated, that their arias were very sore, &c. i was vaccinated in the fall of 1818; I have re peatedly, even an hundred times, vaccinated myself since. Last fail, (1845,) particularly, 1 vaccinated my self 10 times; ba*.it did not, in any oue instance, take effect. When the small-pox waj so prevalent in the years 1822, 1523, and 1824, I was constantly amongst it, often having an hundred or more patients at a time among the ;>oor. 1 never had the slightest symptom of the disease. I believe the present prevalence of emall-pox to be owing to inattention (o patients after the insertion ofthe virus. The common price for vaccination (31) is a mere nominal affair; it does not pay a physician lor even three, to say nothing of four visits. Hence it is often tbe case tnat the physician insert* the mat ter in the arm, and never sees the patient afterwards. Tho mere fact of the operation satisfies the patient and bis friends. It may not hava taken effect at ail ; it may have taken, but some accident has destroyed its effect upon the constitution. And hence this great preventive of one of the most terrible scour ?ee of tbe world, is brought into disrepute.— do not believe that the preventive effects of per fect vaccination ever “wear out.” My own expe rience is upwards of twenty-seven years. From 1819 to 1822, inclusive, 1 vaccinated upwards of 33,000 persons. 1 have seen great numbers of them since, time and again, but have never found one that bad taxon varioloid or small-pox. But I have always been particular in the selection of mat terto vaccinate with. 1 prefer that which has been on thoarm full fifteen, and from that up to seven teen, eighteen, or even twenty days ; and that from full grown persons, when posoible ; robust and healthy patients always—rejecting that from all uttoers. I never take matter from doubtful sources. I feel very certain that, if these hints could bo taken and acted upon by all our physicians and the people, the stnall-pox w uld be completely extirpi ted in a month. 1 offer them with much diffidence, and certainly with due deference to the faculty. Gideon B. Smith, M. D. Th© Lawrence County execution* We mentioned, a few days since* that a man named Hicks had been hung in Lawrence coun ty, for the murder of one Allen, and that he died protesting his entire innocence to th last. The evidence on which he was convicted, was entirely circumstantial, and went to prove that Allen was shot iu the back of the head* tbe ball passing out under the eye. Hicks was there fore hung for shooting Allen. His last state ment to the two clergymen attending him tho night before the execution was, that he, his wife and Allen, were travelling together with a team and camping out by night; that while he was away from the tamp on tbe morning of Alien’s death, he heard his wife scream, and « on running back found Allen apparently life less. He had been drinking, and went up to Mrs. Hicks wilh the evident design of hugging and insulting her. She told him several times to go away, and when he persisted, she struck him upon the head with thi waggon hammer, which she had in her baud pounding coffee, and from this blow alone, wi hout any further violence, his death was occasioned- Notwitb»tanding his protestations of entire 1 innocence, Hicks, as we have said, was hung 1 for shooting Allen in the head wilh a ride, and 1 that too upon circutnsianiial testimony entire ly valueless, unless that mode of death had been considered as proved- Aud now comes the ’ strange after development! Tbe denials of 1 Hicks had made such an impression, that it was thought necessary to examine the murder ed body, in order to do away with auy idea of 1 Hicks’ innocence, by showing that Allen was { indeed killed by a ride ball I Accordingly, 1 Ibrse days after the execution, a committee of 1 respects ale citiaans disinterred Allen’s remains. ’ The remit ot their investigations prove beyond ’ a reasonable doubt, that Allen was never shot* 1 His skull, upon examination, appeared to have » been forced in by a blow npan the back of the ’ head, immediately where it joined the neck. • Pieces of the bone were hanging to tbe orifice * in the skull, which were driven m from the 1 effects of the blow. The bone running below the loft eye was slight’y fractured, but the sock -1 eta of the eyes, and the bones in the face bore no marks ot a bullet having touched them. In alt probability the story Hicks told was ’ true, and he is another vicuin to circumstantial testimony We pity the jury that tried him.— 11 NaUhex Courier. i, j Tklegraph— Important Discovery —Mr. r- A. Bager, of the O'Reilly Telegraph Office in y this city, has recently made an important dis ccvery, by wh ch a heavy i;em of expense fs will be removed by the companies that may n adopt bis system. Heretofore* some four or p fiv#» large batteries have been used in the t. O Redly office in this city, for working the e several lines. Mr Stager's discovery has en- I. ablad him to dispense wi.h all but one, and that >f one with the new arrangement, is capable ■ of werkiag five or six different linee. and yel i. tbe strength is no* exhausted any mere than >1 i- weald be in a single line, under tbe old system, i- We consider this a* a mast important diacov ie ary for telegraph companies, and one foi »f which Mr- Stager should be liberally rewar r-1 dod by every company in the country, bui AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDW MORNING, JANUARY 15, 1851. Is i more paricalsrly by the »ue with which he is J csanucted.— Cincinnati Commercial. 3- —— ■ ■ . .ww..— !e Ag®ent ®f Popocatepetl. * Our readers aro aware that the stupendous : mon Blain known as the Popocatepetl is within if j from the city of Mexio. The ascenc j of it was effected in May last by Edward v . Thornton, Ew,., attached to the British Loga -j | tieu in Moxieo, in company with some of hie -i friends The party passed their first night at tho "Rancho of Hamatas” at the height of 12,- 682 English fest above the level of tho ocean. > On tho fallowing morning they started at 7 o'clock, and in five hours and three-quarters, _ they reached the lower lip of the crater. Here ' is a email Rar.cho for the convenience of those collecting sulphur from the volcano. ‘ From our feet, (says Mr. Thornton.) : straight down to tho limits of vegetation was I one Sheet of snow, without a rock or a stone Io break its unity ; then vast woods, then towns ' \ and villages dotted ever the cultivated lands, 3 i but all seen exceeding clear, even with the ! naked eye—a peculiarity which I have never i observed in any country so much as in tlie high ’ ' table land of Mexico; the eye could even dis ’ ' tinguisli tho different green of the sugar plan tations in the “Tierra Caliente,” far away.” 1 The height of the mountain appears to have been ascertained very satinfactorily—the ba rometrical measurements of Mr. Thornton 1 agreeing almost exactly with those of Mr. Glennie “My next care was to set up my barometer. 1 One of the thermometers I found broken, how I cannot imagine, for I bad packed them very carefully, ana bad never let them out of my own hands; however, I considered myself vary fortunate tha* I had brought up two of them. The height of the little house I have mentioned above, and which the Director en titled the “Raaelio del Espejo,” is, according to my barometer, English feet, or 5,- # . 231.2 metres. Ia the yes.. ls»d Ikq ir.-3ui;a;iri. wse by air. William Glennie and his b.e ftisr, ea the North side, and a barometrical obsarratiau was taken by the former on the highest peak, which is on the west side of the crater. The height calculated by him was 17,- 898 English feet, and we conjectured that that peak was aboutsoo feel higher than the lower lip of the crater, and the Rancho del Espejo about one hundred feet below the latterfso that in fact my observation is a confirmation of that Htken by Mr. W. Glennie. Wo did not go tu this paint, because, on account of the broken nature of tho mountain, it would have cost about fonr hours’ mere hard labor to have get to it, which we did not think worth while fer so small an elevation. ’ Tho crater of this mountain must be one of the most terrific objects when the volcano is active. Imagine an oval pit nearly two-thirds of a mile across, with almost perpendicular walls, and an average depth of a quarter of a mile 1 It resembles, more nearly probably than any other crater on the surface ol the globe, those tremendeus cavities on the sur face of the msou, as revealed by the telescope. “Great as was the impression which the first view of tho erater made, upon me, it is im powibla for me to give any adequate descrip tien of it. The ascent to it from Rancho del Espejo Was so rapid that we came upon it of a sadden, the anew reaching to the very brink, it required a tolerably good head net to baa little bewildered st so suddenly coming upon the edge of perpendicular depth of 1 t-00 feet which is certainly no exaggeration of that of tha crater, even from the lower lip ; from the highest peak it must be 1,500 feet. The form is rather more oval than circular, and the dis tance across, frem east to west, about 3,000 feet; the sides are nearly perpendicular all round ; on the northeast side, however, thereto a stoop deoosnt to a small terrace, upon which a whinney bas been fixed, on the very edge es tha crater, for the purpose of letting down and drawing up the men employed in get'tng sulphur from below, and of raising the sul phnr; tho ropo of this whinney is 250 mea sorod varas, perpendicular depth, or 687 feet. The surface of the bottom of the crater is sprinkled with from 40 to 50 jets, from which smoke is constantly issuing, some more, some Issa, iu some of them large stones are boiling one over another, like the hubbies of boiling water, bsiog sometimes of a bright yellow color, whieh remains for a moment and disap pears ; the smoke omitied has a most nauseous smell of sulphur. Ail this is accompanied with a eoustant rumbling noise, like a heavy surf breaking ever a reeky there. The director astned us there was a stream in the bottom so strong that it burnt it Olea in the clothes of the workmen ; he said it lest itself in the bosom of the mountain. Large masses of stone aro be ing constantly detached from the aides of the crater, which go thundering down to the bot tom, to tho great risk of the workmen, one of whom had been killed ions days before by a stone falling upon his head. This was the dan ger whieh priiscinally deterred us from de scending iuto the'erater, which we could see very w»ll from above. From conversations I here bad with Mr. Frederick Glennie, who went np in 1826,1 should say the volcaue haa become much less active; for he telle me that beeidea the constant rambling noise which I hare tmuWtnr ' wr tne aides of the mountain. We saw nothing of this sort.” Vegetable Kntrlment In Rain, Gaseous as well as vegetable and mineral matters are brought by rain from the atmos phere. Nitrogen and hydrogen, in the form of ammonia and carbonic acid, (tho two last forming tho most essential elements in the feed of plants.) are brought down by the rain. “The nitrogen of putrefied animals," says Liebig, “is contained in the atmosphere as ammonia in the state of gas, which is capable of entering into combination with carbonic acid, and of forming a volatile salt. Ammonia in its gaseous form, as well as all its volatile compounds, is of extreme solubility in water. Ammonia, therefore, cannot remain long in the atmosphere, as every shower of rein must es feet its condensation, and convey it to the sur face of the earth. Hence, also, rain water must at all times contain ammonia, though not always in equal quantity. It must contain more in Summer than in Spring and Winter, because the intervals of time between the showers are in Summer greater; and when several wet days occur; the rain of the first most contain more of it than that of the second. The rain of a thunderstorm after a long pro tracted drought, ought, for this reason, to con tain the greatest quantity conveyed to the earth at one time ” As regards the quantity of ammonia thus brought town by therein, —as 1132 cubic feet of air. saturated with aqueous vapor at fifty nine degrees Fahrenheit, should yield one pound of rain water, if tho pound contain only one fourth of a grain of ammonia,—a piece of ground of 26 910 square feet—43,s6o square feet being in an acre—must receive an nually upwards ofßolbs. of ammonia, or 65Ibs. es nitrogen, which is much more nitrogen than is contained, in the form es vegetable albu men and gluten, io 2650 lbs. of wood 2500 lbs. of hay, er 300 cwt. of beetroot, which are the yearly produce of such a piece of ground but it is Issa than the straw, roots, and grain of corn, which might grow on the same surface, would contain. Snow water yields ammonia as well as rain water, and the suow which is next to the groin.d. and which fell first yields more than what lies above it. The ammonia contained in snow aud rain water possesses a smell es perspiration and putrefying matter, a faet which leaves no doubt es its origin ; for “the ammonia received from the atmosphere by rain and other causes is as constantly replaced by putrefaction of animal and vegetable mat tors. A certain portion of tha’ which falls with the rain evaporates again with the water ; but another portion is, we suppose, taken up by the roots of plants, and entering into new combinations in the different organs aud of assimilation, produces by the action es these and of certain ether conditions, albumen, gluten, The chemical characters of am monia render it capable of entering into such combinations and of undergoing numerous transformations.'* A late London letter says: —A sale of O’Connell's lurnitnre, under the sheriff’s au thority, haa taken place at Derrynane Abbey, and its results afford an instructive lesson on the mutability of human fame. In his lifetime, O'Connoll'a house was open to all men; “open house” was emphatically the order ofthe day whan he visited his “mountain home.” The furniture has now beea sold for the bene fit of those creditors who contributed to his hospitality. The entire list of his household goods brought but £364 .' Tne furniture of his own chamber, including hie “state bed'” sold for about fourteen dollars. Direct Importation, rjtHE undersigned has commenced the lutpartisg .1 and Wholesale DRY GOLDS BUSINESS, at No. 135 Meeting street, where he will oj-eo, by ’ about the fifteenth of January next, a large and very complete Stock of FOREIGN GOODS, selected by himself in the markets of England and France, and imported direct to thia Port. He particularly invites attention to hie Stock of SILK AND FANCY GOODS, 1 as being one of the most extensive ever offered in this Market—comprising an assortment of Plain an I Figured Bieck, Fancy-colored, Foulard, I Glace, and Chene Sll-K ; i BAREGES, GRENADINES, ALBORINES; ’ French and Scotch GINGHAMS, Ac., of the la- - test and newest styles; , A very full stuck of new style BONNET RIB BONS; , GLOVES, of every description ; A large variety of SHAWLS, adapted to the Spring and Summer trade; HOSIERY—SiIk and Cotton —in great variety; A I a rue stock cf Silk. Mohair, Chtoo and Thread EDGINGS and LACES. F.eeossing facilities for purchasing on the most fa vorable terms. be confidently invitee a comparison with any Market in the United States. 8 He will have, in addition, a full supply of Ameri v can Manufactured Goode. r A call from his friend*, and dealers generally, is, e respectfully soheited J AMES B BETTS, e Charieetcn, S, C,, Nov., 1850, 528-w 3m - the pectoral elixir p T KT THOSE who have Coughs, Colds, Asth ,, aJ ma. Pleurisy, Paia in the Side, Liver Com. plain:, Bvonehitia. or any other disease of the Chaw II see “THE PECTORAL ELIXIR," and they will *• find relief in a few d.wes. It is a certain and pleaa r* ant remedy for all Pmmonary Aifacuoiw. For Creof 'f in cui.drea it is a certain remedy. Ne femily ebeuts r- ba without it. For ante >y 11 j*4-tw&w WM. B. TUTT. POLIfBAL, i AUSTRIA AND THOTNITED STATES. 1 A Tux following is th#’correspondence be -1 tween Mr. Wobswr, Kactetary of Stale, and i Mr. llulsemann, Cltargtßi;AfEurs«f Austria, in relation to the coarse purmed by our Gov ernment during the recent Hungarian struggle for liberty, by sending a confidential agent to that country, dec. It was transmitted to the Seoate en the 30th ult. in reply to a resolution of that body calling on the President for in formation upon th« subje« : DsrsRTMMi or Sam:. WashihgtoK. t>ecember 30, 1850. To the President of the United State. ;— qq in Secretary es State, to whom has been referred the resolution of the 8ou? : e of the 26ih in stant, requesting the President “to commu > nicate to the Senate, if rotkncoaapatible with the public interest, copies of any correspon dence, if any has taken place, between the Department ot State and the Austrian Charge d’Affaires, respecting the appointment or pro ceedings of the ag-nt sent out to examine and report upon the cosditln and prospects es tho Hungarian people, during their recent strug gle for independent,” has the honor to lay Before the Presidents »opy of the correspon dence called for by the resolutien. Respectfully tn brattled, Dis:ni.VVAXaT£ii. Chevalier J. G. Hul&mann to Secretary of State [Translation ] thnsn eiN LnaATion, VVashinstosi SK’-^aber 3o,lßso. The undersigned, )Gfc*bJAffairns of his Majesty the EmrcToeJßßßßifa'.as t> oae jn •a.. — 5: 11.< tonka roa : «”>a.i.u.;Ratisn i to the Secretary of St.’s?. As soon as the linpot -J Qi>vnrr.w>n’ became aware of the feet had been dispatched t» Visath wrh orders to watch for a farorabla urnmew to rvcotfn.ze the I Hungarian Republic, and to jpociuMe a treaty i of commerce witn tha sa-w. bn undersigned I was directed to addrej but I pressing representation* te pc Cabinet ol t Washington again t mat p,aciding, which is t co much at variance with mod principles of international la-v, so scrupuloulr adhered to by Austria atali times aud utiler all circum stances, toward 'tie United 3it es. In fact, howfis it possible i<> rt.:ouc le such a mission with the principle of non mleveotion, so for mally announced by the Uniiei States as the basis of American policy, and which had just been sanctioned with so much solemnity by the President in his inaugual address es March 5, 1849 I Was it in eturn for the friendship and confidence wh-js Austria bad never ceased to manifest towards them, that the United Stales became so iimatient for the downfall of the Austrian slonachy.and even sought to accelerate that event b> the utterance of tneir withes to that effect I Those who did not hesitate to assume the rdponsibility of sending Mr. Dadley Mann on neb an errand, should, independent es comderatious of propriety, have berna in mind Sat they were exposing their etnitsary to be traled as a spy. It is to be regretted that the Ameioan Govern ment wait not belter informed ajto the actual resources of Austria, and her hatortcal perse verance in defending her jut rights. A knowledge of those resources voald have led to the conclusion that a coalst for a few months’ duration could neither five exhausted the energies of that Power, nsrturned aside its purpose to put down the;insurrection. Austria has straggled against the bench revolu tion for twenty five years; thecourage and perseverance which she exhibiteiin that mem orable contest have been appreta.ed by the whole world. To the urgent the under sigeed, Mr. Claytou answered tWt Mr. Mann’s mission had no o'her object in view than to obtain reliable information ateto the true state of affairs in Hungary, iby person al observation ; this explanation en hardiy bo admitted, fer it says very little asp the causa of the anxiety which was fell to the chances of the revolutionists. Uifortunately, the language in which Mr. Manti’instructions were drawo, gives us a very eorf.ct idea of their scope. This language was ffensive to the Imperial Cabinet, for it datgnates the Austrian Government as aa iroj rule, and represents the rebel chief Kossuthas an illus trious tnan ; while improper expt-ssions are introduced in regard to Rassia, ;e intimate and faithful oily ol Austria. Notfithstanding these hostile dem uistratioss, th; Imperial Cabinet has deemed it proper tdpreaerve a conciliatory deportment, making aople allow ance for the ignorance of the Cabinet es Washington on the subject pfHmgaiian af fairs, and its disposition to give credence to the mendacious rumors whichare propagated by the American press, Thafextremoly pain ful incident, therefore, might live been pasted over, without nay written evince being left, on our part, iq tho of the United of la«t March, the instritnUonwHli witch Mr. Mann had been furnished oaQto octffiiori of hie mission to Vienna. The publicly which hi-s beengivon to that docunsnt he placed the Imperial Government utiJ.fr liuiecessity of entering a formal protest, diroiighta official representative, against the prbceedigs of the American Government, lest tint Gvermnent should construe our silence into aprobation, or toleration oven, of the princtp'esMiich ap pear to have guided its action and,he means it has adopted. In view of all these circumstanci, the un dersigned has been instructed to dettre that the Imperial Government totally disapfovee, and will always couiinuo to disapproi of those proceedings, so offensive to the las of pro priety ; and that it protests agaidoll inter ference in the internal affairs oflts Govern ment Having thus fulfilled hi* d.y, the un dersigned considers it a fortunate rcuinstance that he lias it i* his power to asour the Secre tary es State that the Imperial Grerntnent is disposed to cultivate relations of findship and good understanding with the Uled States, relations which may have been ioraentarily weakened, but which could ti again be seriously disturbed without plAcinjh* cardinal interest* of the two countries n<hpirdy. The instructions for commu nication to Mr. Clayton reacn ; W ish ug tou at the time of Gen. Tayloril e >iti In compliance with the r q nations i propriety, the undersigned deeiue i it !><• to defer the task until the new Adiummrairt had been completely organized ; a delay >»ch be now rejoice* at, as it has given niu» ill nrportuni ty of ascertaining tr.rn the new IMdent him self, on the occasion of tne rece|On of the diplomatic co.p«, that tha fan<laen'.al policy of tho United Sisi.s a > ’requeinibroclaimed. would guide tne relsnix s cf i| American Government wth -hen her Fowls. Even if the Government es the L’. red Fates were t» think it proper to tike an in-pect part in the political movemanl* of Eurof,-American policy would be expoiod to acts and to certain inconvemenc.es, fiiich could not fail to affect the commerce ai the indue try ofthe twohemispheres. Alliuntnes are obliged, at some period or otherjio struggle against internal difficulties; aT forms of government are exposed to suchnssgreeable episodes ; the United States havghad some experience in this very recently. Civil war is a possible occurrence every wherpand the en couragement which is given to SI spirit of insurrection and of disorder mid frequently bits back upon those whe seek laid in its development, in spite of justk and wise polity. The undersigned avails himselff this occa sion to renew to the of State the assurance of his considera tion. lauxMxx.x. To tbe Hon. Daniel Webster, j«r«lary of Slate of the Uuilui State*. Secretary of State to Mr. Haw™ DxraaTMSMT otcrkTk, ? WkSHisoToir, December I,lßao. ) The undersigned, Secretary 4 Stat* of the United States, bad ths honor Xceive, some time ago, the note of Mfv.l’oAaiahn, Charge d'Affaires of bis Majesty thbr'S peror of Aus tria, ol the 30th September, fhuses, not ari sing from any want of pereefel regard for Mr. Huleemaun, or of propeitispect for his Government, have delayed aninswer nntil the present moment. Having sufiitted Mr. Hul semann’s letter to tbe Presided, the undersign ed is now directed by him to Etorn the follow ’ ing reply. The objects of Mr. Hulsemfen's note are, first, to protost, by order of if Government, against the steps taken by thejite President of r the United Slates to ascertainfbe progress and probable result ofthe revohsitjiuary movement in Hungary ; and secondly to complain of , some expressions in the instructions ofthe late Secretary of Stat* to Mr. j. Dudley Mann, a confidential agent of the In ted State*, a* communicated by Presided Taylor to the Senate on tbe 28:b of MaretgasL The principal ground of protest ie founded on tho idea, er in the *lleg<on. that tbe Gov ernment of the United States, by the mission > of Mr. Mann, and bis instructions, has inter fered in the domestic affairi of Austria, in a • manner unjust aud disreepsetful toward that Power. The President's Message was a com . munication made by him tothe Senate, trans muting a correspondence bet ween the execu . tive Government aud a csnfidestial agent of his own. This would seen to be itself a do mestic transaction, a mere instaACe of inter s course between the President and ibe Senate, in the manner which is nsnal and indispensable ; in communications between the different branches of the Government: It was not ad dressed to either Austria or Hungary ; nor ■ was it made any public manifesto, to ’which any foreign State was eal ed on to reply- I« _ was an account of its transactions cotnmnni eated by the Executive Government to tbe Senate, al the request of that body ; made public, indeed, but made public only because such is the common and usual course of pro ceeding; and it may be regarded a* some what strange, therefore, that the Austrian Cab iaet did not perceive that, by the .instructions £ given to Mr. Hukamann, it was itself inter- J f-nng with the domestic concerns of a foreign State, tbe very thing which ietbe ground ol ip its complaints against the United States. Id Tin* Department has, on former oceasiens, 1 informed tbe Ministersof Foreign Powers, tha » a communication freui the Preeident to House of Congress is regarded ss a domeslif ootatuuoieation, of which, ordinarily, no for eign State has cognizsnee ; and in more re ' cotit iustanoas, the grout iticonvettienceof ma king such communications subjects of diplo tnatiC correspondence and discussi* it has been fully shown, if it had been tlto pleasure of hit Majesty the Emperor of Austria during the struggles ia Hungary, to have admonished the provisional Government or the people of that country against involving thenMolves in disas ter, by following the evil and dangerous exam ple of the United States of America iu ma king efforts for the establishment of indepen dent Governments, such an adtaonition from that sovereign to his Hungarian subjects would not have originated here a diplomatic correspondence The President might per haps on this groaud, have declined to direct auy particular reply to Mr. Hulsoinann’e note, but, out of propar respect for the Austrian Government, it has been thought batter to an swer that ante at length ; and the more espe cially us the occasion is not unfavorable for the expression of the general sentiments of the Government of tbe United States upon tbe topics which that note discusses. A leading subject iu Mr. Hulsemann’s note is that of tho correspondence between Mr. Hulseinann and the predecessor of the under signed, in which Mr. Clayton, by direction of the President, informed Mr. Huisemanu ‘ that Mr. Mann’s mission had no other object in view than to obtain reliable information as to the true state of affairs in Hungary, by per sonal observation.” Mr. Hulsemann remarks tnat “this explanation can hardly bo admitted, for it says very little as to the causa of-the anxiety whieh was felt to ascertain the chances of the revolutionists.” As this, however, is the only purpose which can with any appear ance of truth be attributed to the agency ; as nothing whatever is alleged by Mr. Huise tnaotrte have keen pitber done or said by the ti .in ebjec? -ha un<fersigned'eon?efi<.9 L -.MMr. gR-rfAß’«_aX planntion ought te be deamed not onlyed missiele, but tjuite satisfactory. Mr. Hulse mann states, in the conrse of his note, that his instractions to address his present com mußication to Mr. Clayton reached Washing ton about the time of the lamented death of the late President, and thatbe delayed from a sense of propriety the execution of his task until the naw Administration should be fully f organized: “a delay which he new rejoices > at, as it has given him the opportunity of as eertaining from the uew President himself, on , the occasion of the reception of the diplomatic , corps, that the fundamental policy of the . United States, se frequently proclaimed, would i guide the relations of the American Govern ( ment with ether Powers.” Mr. Hulsemann - also observes that it is in his power te assure f tho undersigned “that the Imperial Govern- I ment is disposed to cultivate relations of I friendship and good understanding with the > United States.” The President receives this i assurance of the disposition es the Imperial i Government with great satisfaction, aud, in i consideration of the friendly relations of the , two Governments thus mutually recognized, P and of the peculiar nature of the incidents by which their good understanding is supposed by Mr. Hulaemaun to have been, for a mo ment, diatnibeii or endangered, the President regrets that Air. Huiseinaun did not feel him self at liberty wholly to forbear from the exe cution of instrnctiona which wore of course transmitted from Vienna without any fore sight of the state of things under which they weald reach Washington. If Mr. Hulsemann saw, m tho address of the President to the di plomatic corps, satisfactory pledges of tbe sen timents and the pelicy of this Government, in regard to neutral rights and neutral duties, it might, perhaps, have been better net to briug on a discsssion of past transactions But the undersigned readily admits that this wasaquestion fit only for the consideration i and deaieion of Mr. Hulsemann himself; and ' although the Presidon: does not see that .my I good purpose can be answered by reopening the inquiry into tbe propriety of the steps taken i by President Taylor, to ascertaiu the probable t issue of the late civil war in Hungary, justice ’ to his memory requires the uiidersignec 1 brief- I ly to re-state the nistsry of these steps, aad to shew their consistency with the neutral < policy which has invariably guided the Gov I eminent of tho United States in its foreign : relations, as well as with tho established aud t well-settled principles of national intercourse, < aud the doctrines of public law. < The undersigned will first ob«orve that the i President is persuaded His Majesty the Empe- < ror of Austria does not think that the Govern ' ment of the United Stats* ought to view, with i unesneern, the extraordinary events which t have occurred, uot only in his dominion*, but < in many other parts of Europe, since February, 1 1848. Tho Government and People of the I United States, like other intelligent Govern- t meuts and cemmuaities, lake a lively interest t in tho movements and the events of this r— t markable age, in whatever part of the world they may be exhibited. But the in'ereot taken by the United States in these events, has not proceeded from any disposition to depart front jh^^tmrralil^jtoward^tareijn i the Union It has heon the necessary effect of the unexampled character of the events themselves, which could not fail to arrest the attention of the contemporary world ; as they will doubtless fill a memorable page in history. But the undersigned goes further, and freely admits that in propor ion as these extraordi nary events appeared to hive their origin i n those great ideas i f responsible a d popular governments, on which tha American consti tutions themselves are wholly founded, they could net but command tho warm sympathy of tho people of this country. Well known circumstances in their history, indeed their whole history, have made them the representatives of purely popular princi ples of Government. In this light they now stand before the world. They could not, if they would, conceal their character, their con dition, or their destiny. They could not, if they so desired, shut out from the view of mankind the causes which have placed them, in so short a national career, in the station which they now hold among the civilized States of tbe world. They could not, if they desired it. suppress either the thoughts or the hopes which arise in men’s minds, in other countries, from contemplating their successful example of free government. That very intelligent and distinguished personage, the Emperor Joseph rhe Secund, was among the first to discern this necessary consequence of the American Revolution en the sentiments and opinions of the people of Europe. In a letter to his Minister in the Netherlands in 1787, he observes that “it is remarkable that Franco, by the assistance which she afforded to the Americans, gave birth to reflections on freedom.” This fact, which the sagacity of that monarch perceived at so early a day, is now known and admitted by intelligent pow ers all over the world. True, indeed, it is, that the prevalence on the other continent of sentiments favorable to Republican liberty, is the result of the reaction of America upon Europe ; and the source and centre of this reaction has doubtless been, and bow is, in these Uni ed Slates. The position thus be longing to the United States is a fact as insepa rable from their history, their constitutional organisation, and their character, as the oppo site position of the Powers composing the European alliance is from the history and con stitutional organization of the Governments of those Powers. The sovereigns who form that alliance have not unfreqnently foil it their right to interfe e t with the political movements of foreign States; and have, in their manifestoes and declara- 1 lions, denounced the popular ideas of th" age, s in terms so comprehensive as of necessity to < include the United States, and their forms of I government. It is well known that eno of ] the leading principles announced by the allied I sovereigns after the rostotation es the Bour- ■ bene, is, that all popular or constitutional rights t are holden no otherwise than as grants sad in- t dulgonces from crowned heads. "Useful and t necessary changes in legislation and adminio- i tra'ion,” says the Laybacb Circular of May, t 1341, "ought only to emanate from the free I will and intelliseat conviction es those whom ; Cod has rendered rtspoosiblo for power; all I that deviates from thia line necessarily leads to i disorder, commotions, and evils far more in- i sufferable than those which they pre’end to i remedy.” And his late Austrian Majesty, i Francis, 1., is reported to have declared in an i address to the Hungarian Diet, in 1820, that I "the whole world had become foolish, and, I leaving their ancient laws, was in search of i imaginary constitutions.” These declarations i amount to nothing less than a denial of tho lawfulness of the origin of the Government of the United States, since it is certain that that i Government was established in consequence < of a change which did not proceed from thrones I or the permission of crowned heads. Bat the Government es the United States beard these i • denuncia ioas of its fundamental principles without remonstrance, or the disturbance of ; its equanimity. This was thirty years ago. Toe power es this Republic, at the present moment, is spread over a region, one ol the richest and most fertile ou the globe, and es an extent in comparison with which the posses sions of the Hoose of Hapsburg are but as a patch on tho oarh's snrfsoe. Its population, already twenty-five millions, will exceed that of the Austrian Empire within the period during which it may be hoped that M. 11 ulse manu may yet remain in the honorable dis charge of his duties to his Government. Its navigation and commerce are hardly exceeded ■ by the oldest and most commercial nations; its maritime means ami its maritime power may be seen by Austria herself, in al! seas where she has porta, as w ell as it may be seen, a! o, i in ail quarters ot the globe. Life, liberty, i property, and all person-,i rights are amply se cured to all citizen*, and protected by just and r stable laws; and credit, public and private. is i as well established as io auy Government of t Continental Europe. And the country, in all its interests and concerns, panakes mostlarge ly in all the improvements and progress which > distinguish the ago. Certainly the United > States may be pardoned, even by those who profess adherence to the principles of absolute Governments, if they entertain an ardent affec- 1 tien for those popular forms of political or- * sanitation which have so rapidly advanced Uietrowo prosperity nod happiness, and ena- _ bled them in so short a period to bring their ,f country and the hemisphere to which it be- 1 longs, io the notice and respectful regard, not to say tho admiration, of the civilized world. Nevertheless, the United States have abstain ed, at all times, from acts of interference with January ic I the political change* of Europe. They cannot, r- however, fail to cherish always a lively interest e- in the fortunes of nations struggling fer insti a- tutious like their own. But this sympathy, se j 1 far from being necessarily a hostile feeling to n ward any of the patties to these great national is struggles, is quite consistent with amicable e , rslatiuna with them all. The Hungarian peo e I pie are three or four tiiaes a* numerous as the it inhabitants of these United States were when t- the American revolution broke out. They i- possess, in a distinct language and in other i- respects, important elements of a separate na i- tionality, which the Auglo S ixon race in this n country did not possess; and if the United s State* wish success to countries contending e tor popular constitutions and national inde> - pendence, it is only because they regard such t constitutions and such national independence, , net as imaginary, bat aa real blessings. They ) claim no right, however, to take part in the - struggles of foreign Powers tn order to pro . tnote those ends. It is only in defence of his I own Government, and its principles and char- > actor, that the undersigned has now expressed > himself on this subject. But when the United States behold the people of foreign countries, without a iy such interference, spontaneoiislr moving toward the adoption of institutions like their own, it surely cannot be expected of them to remain wholly indifferent specta tors. In regard to the recent very important oc currences in the Austrian Empire, the under signed freely admits the difficulty which exists in this country, and is alluded to by Mr. Hul semann, of ehtaiuiug accurate information. But this difficulty is by no means te be ascribed to what Mr. Hulsemann calls—with little jastice, as it seems to tbe undersigned—“the mendacious rumors propagated by tho Ameri can press.” For information on this subject, and others of tho same kind, the American press is, of necessity, almost wholly depen dant upon that es Europe ; and if “mendacious rumors ’ respecting Austrian and Hungarian have been any where propagated, that propagation of falsehoods has been most pro lific on the European confinent, and in coun tries immediately bordering on the Austrian empire. But, wherever these errors may have originated, they certainly justified tho late President in seeking true information through aathentic channels. His attention was first particularly draws to the slate es thing* in Hungary, by the correspondence of Air. Stiles, Charge d’Affaires es the Uuited Stales at Vienna. Ie the Autumn of 1848 an applica tion was made to this gentleman, on behalf of Mr. Kossuth, formerly Mi nister es Finance for I the Kingdom of Hungary by Imperial ap pointment, but at the lima tho application was made Chief of the Revolutionary Government. The object of this application was to obtain the good offices es Mr. Stiles with the Imperial Goverment, with a view to the suspension of hostilities. This application became the subject of a conference between Prince Schwarzenberg, the Imperial Minister for Foreign Affairs, and Mr. Stiles. The Prince commended the cou sidorstenoss and propriety with which Mr. Stiles had acted; and, so far from disapproving hia interference, advised him, in case he re ceived a further communication from tho Re volutionary Government in Hengsry, to have an interview with Prince Windisgratz, who was charged by the Emperor with tha proceed ings detenninad en in relation to that kingdom. A week after those occurrences, Mr. Stiles re ceived, through a secret channel, a communi cation signed by L. Kossuth, President of the Committee of Defence, and countersigned by Francis Pulsky, Secretary of State. On the receipt es this communication, Air. Stiles had an interview with Prince VVmdisgraiz, “ who received him with the utmost kindness, and thanked him for his efforts toward reconciling the existing difficulties.” Such were the in cidents which first drew the attention of tho Government of the United States particularly to the affairs of Hungary, aud the conductor Air. Stilus, though acting without instructions in a matter of much delicacy, having been viewed with satisfaction by the Imperial Go vernment, was approved by that es the United States. In the course of the yesr 1848, and in the early part of 1849. a considerable camber of Hungarians came to the United States. Among them were individuals representing themselves tn beia the confidence of the Revolutionary Government, and by these persons the Presi dent wsa strongly urged to recognize the ex istence of that Government In these appli cation*, and in tha manner tn which they were viewed by the President, there was nothing nnusual; still less was there anythin! unau thorized by the law of nations It is the right of every independent State to enter into friend ly relations with every other independent State. Os course questions es prudence na turally arise iu reference to new Stater, brought by successful revolutions into the family of na tions; but it is not to be required of neutral i Powers that they shouldawait the recognition of t tha new Government by the parent State. No t principle of public law has been more freqnent » ly acted upon within the last thirty years by the ; limits of the colonial dominions of Spain on i this continent; and in Europe the same thing has been done by Belgium and Greece. The ’ existence, of all these Governments was recog nized by some of the leading Powers of Eu- ' rope, as well as by the United States, before i was acknowledged by the Slates from which I (hey had separated themselves. If. therefore, r the United States had gone so far as formally ■ to ackoowledge the independence of Hungary, although, as the result has proved, it would have beun a precipitate step, and one from which no benefit would have resulted to either , party, it would not, nevertheless, have been an t act against the law’ of nations, provided they took no part in her esntest with Austria. But ' the United S’ates did no such thing. Not only f did they not yield to Hungary any actual coun- - to nance or succor; not only did they not shew f their ships of war in the Adriatic with any f menacing or hostile aspect, but they stndious , ly abstained from everything which had not t been done in other cases in times past, and I contented themselves with institu ing an inqut ' ry into the truth and realily of alleged political " occurrences. Mr. Hulsemann incorrectly r stales, unintentionally certainly, the nature of I the mission of this agent, when he says that “ a United States agent had been dispatched to i Vienna with orders to watch for a favorable moment to recognize the Hungarian republic, P and to conclude a treaty of commerce with the t same.” This, indeed, would have been a law i fnl object, but Mr. Mann’s errand was, in the i first instance, purely one of inquiry. He i had no power to act, unless he had first come I to the conviction that a firm and stable Hun i garian Government existed. f “The principal object the President has in t view,” according to his instructions, “is to oh . tain minute and reliable information in regard to Hungary in connection with the affaire of r adjoining countries, the probable issue of the < present revolutionary movements, and the i chances we may have of forming commercial i arrangements with that Power favorable to t the United States.” Again, in tho same pa ■ per, it is said: “The object of the President • is to obtain information in regird to Hungary 1 and her resources and prospects, with a view - to an early recognition of her independence > and the formation of commercial relations • with her.” It was only in the event that the > new Government should appear, in the opin ion of the agent, tn be firm and stable, that tho » President proposed to recommend its recogni- tion Mr. Hu'semann, in qualifying these steps of President Taylor with the epithet of "hostile,” seems to take for granted that the inquiry could, intheexpecta'ion of the President, have but one result, and tbatfavorable to Hungary. If this was so, it would not change the case. But the American Government sought for nothing but truth; it deyired to learn the facts through a reliable chanftol It so happened in the chances and vicissitudes of human affairs that the result was adverse to the Hungarian revolution. The American agent—as was stated m his instructions to be not unlikely— found the condition of Hungarian affairs less prosperous than it had been, or had been be lieved to be. He did not enter II ungary ,nor hold any direct communication with her revolution ary leaders. He reported against the recog nition of her independence, because he found that she bad been unable to set up a firm and stable government. He carefully lorbore, as his instructions required, to give publicity to his mission, aid the undersigned supposes that tho Austrian Government first learned its existence from the communications of the President to the Senate. Mr. Hutsemann will observe from this state • maul that Mr. Mana's mission was woolly nn objectionable, and vrictly within the rule oi the law of nations, amt the duty of the United States as a neutral Power. He will accord ingly feel how little foundation there is for his remark, that “ those who did not hesitate to assume the responsibility of sending Mr. Dud ley Mann on such,and errand shou'd, indepen dent of considerations of propriety, have borne in mind that they were exposng their emissary to be treated as a spy.” A spy is a person sent by one belligerent to gain secret information of the forces aad defences of the ether, to be used for hostile purposes. Ac cording to practice, he may use deception, under the penalty of being lawfully hanged if detected. To give|ihis odious name ami charac ter to a confidential agent of a neutral Power, bearing the commission of his country, and sent for a purpose fully warranted by the law of nations, is not only to abuse language, but also to confound all just ideas and to an nouce the widest and most extravagant notions, such as certainly were notto have been expected in a e rave diplomatic paper; and the Pre«ident directs the undersigned to say to Mr. Hul-e --manii that the American Government would regard such an imputation upon it by the Cabioeluf Austria, as that it employs spies, and that in a quarrel none of its own, as dis tinetly offensive, if it did not presume, as it is willing to presume, that the word used in the original German was not of equivalent mean ing with “ spy ” in ths English language, or that in some other way the etabloyment of such an opprobrious term may be explained. Had the Imperial Government of Austria sub jected Mr. Mann to the treatment of a spy, it would have plac«d ilaelf w-thout the pale es civilized nations ; and the Cabinet of Vienna may be assured that if it had carried, er at tempted to carry, any such lawless purpose into effect, in the case of an authorized agent of this Government, the spirit of the people of thia country would have demanded VOL;LXV-NEW SERIES VOL.XV--NO 3. 1.1 immediate hostilities to be waged by the n* it most exertion of power of the Republic, mill i tary and naval. » Air. Hulsemann proceeds to remark thai - “ this extremly painful iucident, therefore, I might have been passed over, without any b written evidence being left en our part in the • archieves of the Uuited States, had not Gen t eral Taylor theught proper to revive ihe i whole subject, by communicating to tbe Seu ' ate, in his message of tha 18ih [2Bthl of last • March, the instructions with which Mr. Alann had been furnished on the occasion of his i mission to Vienna. The publicity which ha* been given to that document has placed tbe Imperial Government under the necessity of entering a formal protest, through its official representative, against the proceedings of the American Government, lest that Government should construe our silence into approbation, or toleration even, of tbe principles which ap pear to have guided its action and the means it has adopted.” The undersigned reasserts to Air. Hulse rnsnn, and to the cabinet of Vienna, and in the presence of rhe word, that the steps ta ken by President Taylor, now protested against by the Austrian Government, were warranted by tbo law of nations and agreeable ‘o the usage* of civilized States. With res pect to the communication of Mr. Mann’s in structions to the Senate, and the language in which they are coached, it has already been said, and Mr. Hulsemann must feel the jnstiee of tho remark, that these are domestic affaire in reference te which tbe Government es the United States cannot admit the slightest res ponsibility to the Government of hia Imperial Majesty. No State deserving the appellation of independent, can permit t e language in which it may instruct its own officers in the discharge of their duties to itself to be called in question under any pretext by a foreign Power. But, even it wore not so, Mr. Hulse .mannis in error in stating that the Austrian Government is called an “Iron Rale” in Air. Mann's instructions. The phrase is net found in the paper, and in respect to the honorary epithet bestowed in Mr. Mann’sinstrnctions on the late thief of the Revelntionary Govern ment of Hungary, Afr. Huslemann will bear in naiad that tbe Government of the United States cannot justly be expected, in a confiden tial communication to its own agent, to with hold from an individual an epithet of dietiac tion of which a great part of the world,thinks him worthy, merely en the ground that his ewn Government regards bim as a rebel, At en early stage of the American revolution, while Washington was considered by the English Gavernment asp rebel chief, he was regard ed on the continent of Europe as aa illustri ous hero. But the undersigned will lake the liberty of bringing the Cabinet of Vienna into the presence of its ewn predecessors, and of citing for it* consideration the conduct of the Imperial Government itself. In the year 1777 ( the war of the American Revolution was ra ging all over the United States. England was presecuting that war with a mast resolute de terminatien, and by the exertien of all her mili tary means te the fullest extent. Germany was at that time at peace with England ; and yat an agent of that Congress, which was looked upon by England in no other light than that of a body in open rebellion, was uot only received with great respect by tbe Ambassador of the Empress Queen at Paris, aud by the Aiiniaterof the Grand Duke of Tuscany, who afterwards mounted the imperial throne, but ro*idod iu V ienna for a considerable time ; not indeed, officially acknowledged, bat treated with courtesy and respect; and ths Emperor suffered himself te be pe;anaded by that agent to exert himselfto prevent the German Powers from furnishing troops to England to enable herte sapproas the rebellion in America. Neither Air. Hulsemann, nor the cabinet of Vi enna,it is presumed, will unJertake to say that anything said or done by thia Government in regard to the recent war between Austria and Hungary is rot borne out, by this example of the Imperial Court. It is believed that tha Em peror Joseph the Second habitually spoke in terms of respect and admiration of the charac ter of VVaahingt-n, a* he is known to have done of that of Franklin, and he deemed it no infraction of neutrality to inform himself of tha progress of the revolutiunary straggle in America, nor to express his deep sense of the meritsand the talents of those illustrious men who were then leading their country to inde pendence and renown. The undersigned m y add, that in 1781 the courts of Russia and Austria proposed a diplomatic Congress of the belligerent Pevvors, to which the Commis sinners of tha United Stales should bo admit ted. Mr. Hnlsemaan fiiiaks that ia Air. Mann’s ietrnrtions improper expressions are introdu ced in regard to Russia; but the undersigned has no reason te suppose that Russia herselfis of that opinion. Tne only observation made in those instructions abaut Russia is that she “hae chosen to assume aa attitude of interfer- enee, and her immense preparations for inva ding and reducing the Hungarians to the rule of Austria—from which they desire to be re leased—gave so serious a character to the eon unnecessarily susceptible in looking upon language like this as a “hostile demonstration.” If we remember that it was addressed by the Government to its own agent, and has receiv ed publicity only through a communication from one Department of tbe American Gov ernment to another, the language quoted must be deemed moderate and inoffensive. The comity of Nations would hardly forbid its being addressed to the two Imperial Powers them selves- It is scarcely necessary for the under signed to say. that the relations of the United States with Russia have always been of the most friendly kind, and hare never been deem ed byeith-r party to require any compromieeof their peculiar views upon subjects of domestic or foreign polity, er the true origin of Gov ernments. At any rate, the faet that Austria, in her contest with Hungary, had an intimate and faithful ally tn Russia, eannot alter the real nature of tbe question between Austria and Hungary, nor in any way affect the neutral rights and duties of the Government of the United Statea or the justifiable sympathies of the American people. It is, indeed, easy to conceive that favor toward struggling Hungary would not be diminished, but increased, when it was seen that the arm of Austria was strengthened and upheld by a Power whose assistance threatened to be, and which in the end proved to be, overwhelmingly destructive of all her hopes. Towards the conclusion of bis note, Mr. Hulsemaun remarks that “ if the Government of the United States were to think it proper to take an indirect part in tho political movements of Europe, American policy would be exposed to acta of retaliation- and to certain inconve niences which would not fail to affect the com roerce and industry of the two hemispheres.” As to this possible fortune, this hypothetical retaliation, the Government and people ol the United Stales are quite willing to take their chances and abide their destiny. Taking nei ther a direct nor an indirect part in the domes tic or intestine movements es Europe, they have no fear of events of tho nature alluded to by Mr- Hulsemann. It would bo idle now to discuss with Mr. Hnlsemann those octa of retaliation which he imagines may possibly take place at some indefinite time hereafter Those questions will be discussed when they arise, and Mr. Huisemann and the Cabinet at Vienna may rest assured that, in the mean time, while performing with strict and exact fidelity all their neutral duties, nothing will de- ter either the Government or the people of the United States from exercising, at their own discretion, the rights belonging to them as an independent nation, and of forming and ex pressing their own opinions, freely and at all times, upon the great political events which may transpire among the civi'ized nations of the earth. Their own institutions stand upon the broadest principles es civil liberty; and believing those principles and the fundamental laws in which they are embodied, to be emi nently favorable to the prosperity es Slates— to be. in fact, the -inly principle* es govern ment which meet the demand* of the present enlightened age—the President has perceived with great satisfaction that, in the Constitution recently introduced into the Austrian empire, many of those great principles are recognized and applied, aud he cherishes a sincere wish that they may produce the same happy effects throughout his Austrian .Majesty's extensive dominions that they have derm in the Uniied States. The undersigned baa tbe houor to repeat to Air. Hulsemann the assurance of bis high con sideration. Dasizl Wxzstzk. Here is a paragraph (says tbe Nashville Ban ner) which it ia more than probable the presses that desire to keep up agitation in regard to the Fugitive Slave Law will never find room for. Tney prefer items from Abolition prints, which encourage the ide* that the law will not be enforced i “Mr. A. N. Edmond* returned home day before yesterday from Illinois, bringing with himtwofu gi ime slaves, the property or D. M. I-eaiherman, Esq. of this ci y. They were arrested io Union comity and committed to jail, and under the laws of ibe State of liiinoi- hid been sold for jail fees. Mr. Edmond* npon preaeotieg the necessary papers, had no further difficulty, and took quiet possession of them.”—-Wcwip.hu Eagle, 19tA ult. Reports of tat Cosvextion. —We have upou eur table a small oamphlet of 23 pa ges, issued from the ("ederal Unutn Office, purporting to be a Report of the debates and proceeding* of the late Georgia Convention, compiled by A- E. Marshall, E-q It is badly primed, upon inferior paper, and is full of the most gross inaccuracies ol both style and fact. Tbe speeches of some members are omitted, while those ot others are so meagre as to be disreputable, both to the Convention and io the State. Whole passagesand argument* are in one or two cases, entirely left out, and even the yea*and nays, upon the most important issues before the Convention, are not given ; white matter irrelevant in its character, and whieh was not acted upon by the Convention, is em bodied in the proceeding*. We are pleased to learn, that some es the speakers who have been thus grossly misreported, havealrsady ta ken the initiatory etepsto have the proceeding* aed debate* bronght before the public in a proper and antaentie shape. The pamphlet ia question, eoaia.n* internal evidence es either i the incapacity of tbe reporter, or the misehisy i ou* design of the pnbiisber. I It ia true, that tin Editor of the Uauen throws . IhZn k “. D^ lbl lty ol the WMk Mr- Mar rnr«r? Ut h<> r* J” 7 car,fal •« o»d»r» the . kil? • ° f r' h * r, f OM - The •■lire pew- it phlet w ■ perfeet catchpenny concern, and >, whether se intended er uot, ie a rslectioa at y on the intelligence es the Sute, end a dissraoe e to the mechanical taste es the Tvnerranhiael i- fraternity.— Jour. ft Hui. ' r * r * Posr-Orriox Statistics roc res stream t iNDiira Dao 31, 1850.—California letters re , ceived, 123,912; foreign lettere received, 340,- t 402; California letters eent, 127 048; foreign , letters eent, 353 454; total, 954 816. To this add the daily average of domestio oorreepon f dence, of eay 55,000 lettere, end the amount of I letters received and eent by transient vessels, i and it will give 6,037,000 letters that have aee t sed through thio office in the last qearter. The number of foreign newspapers for the quarter is as follows: Received 169,283, ana sent 326,068, amounting to 495,301. The amount of letters advertised in the quarter, was 37,942, one-third of which has been called for and de livered to the rightful owners —IV. Y. Pott. •i _ . i ai CONGRESS. .... —■ - ■ PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESS, Correspondent of tiU H«zrsm~ers Amtrittn. r _ a »N THE HOUSE Jas. 4. L I he senate was not in session to-day.l Mr. Hamilton, from Maryland, proseated the memorial of William Price and other eiti zsns of Cumberland, Md., asking for the ee tablishment es a fine of Mail Steampebips, t» ran from the ports es Baltimore and Norfolk, to some port ia England, in eemmuaieatiea by railread with the eity of London, whisk was referred to the Committee on Naval As- The House resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole, on motion of Mr. Petter es Ohio, for the purpose of taking up the Cheap Postage Bdl; Mr. Burt of South Carolina, in the Chair. Mr. Featherston, of Mississippi, called the attention of the Committee to an amendment which he proposed, and which had reference chiefly to periodicals and newspapers, fixing the postage on the former at half a cent for every ounce in weight, and newspapers half a cent each when either be sirculated beyond the State in which publiahed. Mr. Perry, from Maine, was ia favor of a reduced rate of postage within a distance es two thousand miles, and of ten seats beyond that distance, file recapitulated the argu ments that had been used on a former day, drawn from a similar result in England, which want to prove, that a reduced rate es postage would lead to an increase of the revenues es the department. Mr. Watkins, from Tennessee, was oppos ed to the abolition of the franking privilege, ano in favor of the introduction of a reduced rate of postage. Mr. dweotaer, from Ohio, expressed him self with bis usual warmth against the bill and the proposed amendments. Those whom he represented, bo said, had no objection to the present rate es postage, and he could not ac count far the favor with which thp contempla ted measure was viewed by his colleegnes. He considered the proposal as one which if carried into effect, would destroy tbe revettno of the department, and the result would be to saddle the General Government with the ex pense thus iacurred. The gentlemen who were in favor of the change at present advo cated, had. be contended, an ulterior objeet in view,—they were the frisnda ofa high tariff, and would increase the expense of eendUoting the Government, to such an extent, aa to re- - quire a corresponding tariff to defray it. Ho concluded by expressing himself in fever ofa uuiforsi rale of five cents en letters and the newspapers should have a free local circula tion, and farther, that the postage should bo uniform throughout the Union—from Maine to California and Oregon- Mr. Root of Ohio, was in faror es making all mailable matter pay postage, and of abol ishing the franking privilege, which ho said had become a great abuse, and had evidently increased the public printing—the two noting reciprocally upon each other. He advocated cheap postage on letters and newspapers ; and also that it should be prepaid. Mr. Cobb from Alabama gave notice, that he should on a future day move an amendment applicable to that part of the Union which he represented. The Committee then rose without coming tea decision; and the House adjourned till Monday next. IN SENATE Jan. 6th. Mr. Rhett of 3, C. appeared and was quail Bed. A largo number of petitions and memorials were presented. A message was received from the H“use, announcing the passage by that body ofa large 5 nesuber of private bills ; which were taken up and referred to appropriate committees. Tha Senate , Mr. Mangum addressed the Senate in da > fence of the removal by General Taylor of 3 General Lane from tho post of Governor es Oregon, on the ground that Gen. Lane had im , peached the personal honor and integrity es General Taylor growing out of the statements . concerning the 21 Indiana Regiment, in the official report of the battle of Buena Vista. He examined the point in great detail and closed his speech a little after throe o’deek, when the Senate adjourned. HOUSE. Mr. Holmes, of South Carolina, moved that the rules of tbe House be suspended te - enable him to introduce tbe following resolu tion That it be referred to tbs Committee on Military Affairs to report a bill conferring the rank es Lieutenant General on Major General Scott for hie services during the lato war with Mexico. Tho ayes and nays beins ordered, the mo tion was carried by a majority of one, there be ing 79 in its favor and 78 against it. Mr. Julian, of Indiana, asked (or leave te present a memorial from the Soeiety of Friends in Indiana, praying for the repeal of tbe fu gitive elave law. Objections having boon made, he moved to suspend the rules to enable him to submit his instructions, and te intro duce a bill repealing the law, which was ne gatived by a majority of 119 to 68. After further business the House adjourned k till to-morrow. IN SENATE Jas.7. Mr. Feleh from the Committee on Pablie Lande reported back the joint resolution of the House which declares that the Bounty Land given by the set of last session to soldiers aad others, shall be assignable before location, with a recommendation that it do not pass. Mr. Yulee introducede bill granting land ta , Florida to aid in the construction of a rail • road from the Atlantic to tho Golf of Mexico. Mr. Bradbury’s resolution concerning re movals from office wes again taken up. Mr. Ewing addressed tbe Senate indolence I of tho removal of Colonel Weller and Gon ■ oral Lane. The canoe for tho removal es Ce r lonel Weller was stated to be among ethers, his intemperate habits unfitting him for tho discharge of his duties; aad his being a de faulter in the State of Ohio. t Mr- Cass and Mr. Bradbury replied, i Mr. Downs alluded to some removals in t New Orleans. After which tho Senate ad . adjourned. nntTsr HOUSE. Immediately after the reading of the journal this morning, Mr. Julian, of Indiana, moved for leave to amend the entry made therein, relative io the aaemeri-il from a society es Friend* ia Indiana, which was the sabjevt of discussion yesterday, by the adding ward* "and to refer the earns to a committee, with inatruo tion* to prepare a bill in conformity with lira prayer us the memorial,” Some discussion ensued, but tbe motion of Mr. Julian te amend the journal* wee ulti mately negatived without a uivision. Mr. Potter, of Obi , made an ineffectual at tempt te get the House into a eommitlee of tbe who a on the state of the Union, for tbe per peee es taking up the cheap peerage bill, which under tbe two hours' rale tuai wae adapted on Saturday, must be decided tho next time it coins* tip fer discussion. Mr. Slana of Pen., chairman es the com mittee on elec'ions, moved a privilege ques tion, and the House took up the Now Hamp shire contested election. After four speeches, the hour for adjourn ment having arrived, the House adjourned till to-morrow. IN 8 ENATE Jan. 8. Mr. Pratt presented tbe memorial of ever one thousand merchant* and ether* of Balti more praying tbe eatablishment es a fine of mail steamer* to ply between Baltimore, vis Norfolk, and some port in England. Referred to the committeeon post office* aed peat roads. The Chnir laid before tbe Senate a cent tnunicauen from the War Department, with a statement of the contracts and purchase* of tbi»t department fur 1850. A large number of petitions and memorials , were presented, and a number of bill* intro duced. Mr Underwood moved te take up'he joint resolution from th* House, authorizing th* as signment of warrnts under the the reeeut law of Congress. After debate, tbe motion wae to be renewed to-merrow. The Senate then took up the bill to provide for tbe settlement of private laud claims in Cal ifornia and Mr. Gwin addr»*»ed tbe Seriate over two hours in defence of hi* bill. Mr. Benton commenced a reply, but gave i way to ibe mu ten te adjourn. And the Senate then adjourned. HOUSE. Mr. Badey, from Va., chairman es the eom , mittee, reported bills of appropriation for the support of the Military Academy, navy end , other pensions, and the currant and incidental , expenses of the Indian and Post Office De , partments, and moved that it be made the , -p octal order to lake them up to-morrow, and i that they be printed. Mr Phelps, of Missouri, and Mr. Matteses, I of Now York, moved that the amendeeeffiM , which they proposed to the eheap postag* bill . oenrinted far tho use of the House. , Several bills were read a first and second , lima, and referred to appropriate committees. , Among others was on* authorising rarant* of f land in thu State of Maine in *d er the St. . Lawrenee and Atlantic Railroad. Mr. Staunton, of Kentucky, moved th£ ae a this is the aaaiversary es tho belt** es gpjF