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BY WILLIAM S. JONES.
game, &£.
k THE WEEKLY
CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
I. Published every Wednesday,
HT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM
IN ADVANCE.
TO CLUBS or INDIVIDUALS eeuding us Ten
Dollars, SIX copies of the Paper will be eent for one
dyear, thus furnishing the Paper at the rate of
F SIX CDPIES FOR TEN DOLLARS.
or a free copy to all who may procure us five sub
soribere, and forward us the money.
,i’HB chronicle and sentinel
DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY,
Are also published at this office, and mailed to sub
«cribera at the fellowing rates, viz.:
Daily Papbm, if sent by mail->**s7 per annum.
T»t-W»e«LY Papbm 4*« •»
TBIMS OF ADVERTISING.
Im Wbbkly. —Serenty-five centt-perequare (12
Haas or less) for the first insertion, and Fifty cent
or ear.h -subsequent insertion.
MBBlPWe—BS—■—aewa^t.- .-h ■mwj.'jßMd. < tw ‘ifPweß—
(Education.
COVINGTON PBiIALS SEMINARY
TO£ PIIECEPTORIAL care of th-: above
named IsHitucion, has been conferred upon
the subscriber, by the Trustees, for the year 1851.
A large amount of money has been appropriated
by the ch isens of Covington, and vic nity, for tbe
erection of a Female Collegein this place A com
modious and splendid edifice will be built, and all
the apmraenUi tastily and conv-nientiy fitted out.
h is confidendy expected that tse exercises of the
CoHegiete Jonrse will coujinenee in January, 1852,
under an able and tficient fatuity.
The exercises of the Seminary will cemmeace on
the Th rteenth of JANUARY, l w sl. Competent
Assistants will be procured in the various depart
ments.
Tbe special object of this School is to instruct
young Indies in the rudiments, es well as in tbe
Bore advanced stages of a good education. Follow
ing the caost approved syatetns of instruction, with
nine yeirs* experience in teaching, the subscriber
flatters h'mself be can offer to his pupils aovautages
not surpassed in any School in tbe State.
Particular attention will be paid to Reading.
Spelling, Arithmetic, Geography, Grammar,
History, Competition, Penmanship, dec., as these
constitute the foundation of a thorough and practical
education.
1 The course of Instruction pursued at thia Semina
ry is liberal—embracing every particular necessary
to improve tbe mind, form the manners, enlighten
the understanding and prepare the pupil to move
with ease, respectability and usefulness in any circle
oi society or sphere of action.
Much of the happiness of every family depends on
* proper cultivation of the female mind. To accom
plish this object, and in every respect to meet the
wishes of parents and guardians, in relation to their
yoi.thful charge, no pains or expense will be s, ared.
The Principal will devote himself exclusively to
the instruction and discipline of the School. He
will eon.ider himsrlf invested with a discretionary
pare-til authority; constantly treating tbe S udeots
with mildness and moderation, governing them by
applying the more honorable and generous excite
ments to good conduct; but io cases which manifest
deliberate wickedness and obstinacy of character,
when all advisory measures shall have proved inef
fectual, he will then proceed to inflict such punish
ment as may te deemed necessary to reclaim tbe
pupil and sustain tbe character of tbe School.
Parents and Guar iiaus may be well assured that
their children and wards will be accommodated with
| boa rd on he most reasonable terms, and every at
tention paid to their comfort and convenience.
. Tbe price of Tuition is reasonable, and in accord
ance with the times. The Pupils will be charged
from the time of enuring tbe School until the close
■f the term. AH dues must be paid at the close of
Kcb term.
■ Music, Wax-work. Drawing and Painting, will be
Kugbt t y skillful teachers, at reasonable prices.
■ Te persons at a distance it may be well to say—the
■icali-.y is healthy and desirable ; the society plea
mnt and
■ For further information address the Principal.
|d3l w3m JAMES L. HANDLE, A. B.
I Kenesaw Female Seminary.
|A boarding and day school,
F* for Young ladies—Marietta, Georgia. Rev.
UOMA3 F. Scott. Reetor.
BThe Twelfth *>e-~inn will commence on MONDAY
BIIKUaKY 3,1851.
soot, on application to tbe Rsctor.
wjm
fiotelg.
JFRAIiKij.N HuTbL,
BttOAO STREET, Augusta Ga.,
HSg. *° e •4»®re above the Globe Hotel, on the
mi aide of Broad street.
B RA M SEY, Proprietor.
W LOOK HERE (
WAYNESBORO HOTEL.
HayMtsboro, Georgia.
, iiiat he has
Mhrbecome Proprietor of the nfxwe Estsblishmant,
he is about to make such alteration? and ad-
he is confident wtll enable him to enter
all of his old friend.-t, and such new nes as may
him with a call, in the mo*.t comfortable and I
manner. It is his intention to spare
expense nor pains to render his Hou’# de-
popular; be therefore hopes fora liberal
of public patrosioge.
■aiu-4t Madison McCarty.
BAGLB HOTEL,
SB| MADISONVILLE, TENNESSEE.
■pilK MB'CHIH it take* pleasure
io returning hit* .liai.k> to hi* friends and £qL
public, lor very hb.-ial p'hmv.f here
extend'd to bun. And having recently im
and rum; <• 1 b * bull hngr* n<» hn t . afloH (lie
accocDino ialiuu; (•• alm *t mv number <-l rrav
and p« i winning boarding, he cnnli Irnlly
an increme of public favor and patron ige.
||H Building situated on second blo>*k rouih of the
Square sue hundred and fifty (iret long
regularly laid off and well furnished. He ie
veil prepared to lake the br«t rare of horses, Ac.
large ami secure—careful and attentive eer
pains taken, to render all couth nabie who mny
Mall at the Eagle Hotel. JOSEPH R. RUDD.
Madisonville Auguni 3, I*so. * au3 wit
■sVATCHEB. CLOCKS & JEWELRY.
■ WOODSTOCK & WHITLOCK,
JEWELLICKS, Ac.,
.wo d<*>r» above the U. S. Hotel, and
(be Bank of Augusta, have on hand, (Gwa.
Kid are constantly *oceiving, a fine a»eort
■mem of WATCHES, CLOCKS, JEW-
■ ELRY, Silver and Plated Ware, Fancy Goods,
■ Fob Chain*, Breast Pina, dkc., Ac.
■ is entirely new, and wilt be gold cheap
■ for cash. r
■ UYW. G. Woodstock will giro hie strict at-
■ ten'ion to R EPAIR! NG WATCH ES and CLt >CKS,
■ having aerved a regular apprenticeship in one of the
■ largest on nu factories in London, and from bi* long
■ experience, be feel* assured of giving perfect satis-
■ faction to all who may entrutt their work to him.
■ jallwly
U To Contractors and Builders.
SKALKD PROPOSALS will be received until
th, 20th of February 185'., lor the erection of a
H Brick EDIPICE for the Southern Female Col ege.
■ The plan of the building, and epecifieationa, can be
■ Beau at the Secretary', Office, on and after the 20th
■ el January. By order of the Board,
g J. H. MURRELL.
■ Secretary of the Board ot Tru.loee.
■ Covingtoo, Ga„ Dec, 27, 1860. d3lwlFc2O
S LIVERY STABLES,
K MADISON, GEORGIA.
AQKB HARRALL A HARRIS
I be 8 '«•’« <o announce to
I their friendain Madison and &*!
B . VIZ wr , the travelling Public gene-
B rally, that they have opened the above STAbI.ES,
■ and that they intend to keep aa fine CARRIAGES,
fl BUGGIES and HORSES, aaean be found in any
■ Stables—with careful drivers. Cilixena of Medisotf
B and etrangere visiting Madison, by coming to us will
B always find ready accommodation, to go any where
■/they wieh on reasonable tonne.
U * U ' Uot - l,n **
S SPRING HILL MACHINE SHOP.
| A F»R BUILDING AND REPAIRING
f Ml Aall kinds of COI TON AND WOOL MA-
I makmglarge SCREWS AND
f Bearing, of all kinds— turning iron
s WOOD, *e.,
I AUG, WOOL CARDED AND BATTED,
ata a..ieefrom Augusta,on ths Louisville road,where
the proprietors will ho grateful for allordere—orthey
eaabeleftatC. A. & M. H. WILLIAMS’S, Angus
ts—-er directed!. Richmond Factory P. O
MACK & DUVAL
groceries, groceries.
TUB SI'BSCRIHKRS re now re-
SHIS c*i»ing an extensive assortment of Heavy
MMhMB anti Fancy GROCERIES, which thsy
<jd*r to the Planter*, Merchant* and Fam die*of Geor
gia, on th* most advantageous term*. Their Store
is jast above the principal Hotel*, and they aolicit
*ll purchasers visiting Augusta, to favur them with a
and examin* their stock.
They now offer the flowing Goods far sale low ;
100 bale* Gunny RAGGING,
250 CAM* | inch Kentucky ROPE,
ftOhhi*. St. Croix, Porto Rico and N. O. SUGAR
100 bbte. Stuart’* crushed, ground and yellow Do.
250 bags Java* Rio and Laguira COFFEE
300 Kegs NAILS. Peru brand,
i 20 tons Swede* IRON, asserted six**,
20Q bbia. Canal FLOUR, of the Hiram Smith
and other choice brands,
100 box** -P*rm, Adamantine ana Tallow CAN
DLES,
60.000 SEGA RS, of variotNi qualit ea,
100 box** TOBACCO, of u>if?rent brand*,
3.000 tack* Liverpool SALT, In nne order.
Aad all other article* usually kept tn the largest
Grocery House*.
el-w J. R. 4 W. M. DOW
REUBLN RICH’S PATENT CENTRE
VENT WATEK WHEEL
CAUTION.-. Having t»*cu iniiumed that acer
ui* parson named REED, is vending a Water
Wheel upon which tn* water w conducted by mean*
of a epini sctull. a* upm **Reub*o Rich * Patent
Cectrv V»al,” we hereby aocty and csuUoo th*
W * W>t! . ,u iDMineeo, for
aay *vMoon or infringement upon said patent, both
the maker and party u*mg, and will be thankful tor
tt»«*®aik» referring u* to partie* thu? trsspea*-
GIN drat a cet
F' A K M, wo.
notice.
T*£s ’ST” w 1 " Und M1 >
ra “t 878 ,mi 8U *• ih * **
DtWfol e«O k menu. o< engiMii, Ckwkw, see
Aid s pureauHit by «ddree»in« me >t Cedar Town
****** TSOS. McMICKEN.
rioa nisPKFTics - pills
f «d Alta.'. COMPOUND, SI“
yw«rao«v»eoy j. 31 D. B. PLUMB g CO. '
WBSK.LT
CHHONICLE AND SENTINEL
' ffotirg.
For the Chronicle <f' Sentinel,
LINES
Affectionately addressed to Miss M. Eola Watson,
on the receipt of a Souvenir —a beautiful Parse —
wrought by her hands, and presented to the writer:
Thanks for the beauteous gift, “ Sweet Cob,” thy
tasteful skill hath twined,
And brilliant though its meshes be, as brightly there
enshrine;
Threugh future years will memory dwell, of these
oorbvppy hours,
As tbe fled Summer’s glory lives, in one rich wreath
of flewers.
And as (by lava-lit years glide on, be each glad hour
ea wreathed,
Into a tiseuru sparkling bright, as this thy hand hath
waaved;
Like to that dial flarists frame,* still may tbe laugh
ing hours
Be ma ked by thee, but by the bloom of joy’n fresh
opening flaw era. Ma. O.
• Linawqs formed a dud of flowers, whose succec
openings and closings marked 'he hours.
TO MISS M. E. O.
Sweet Mary, I have mot thOe when
I thought my d»oims ail e’er—
My dreaais of happiness ; I deemed
That I could love no more.
Then on my vi»ion thou did’at dawn,
Like an Ange! from above;
As such, I’ll worship thee sweet girl,
For thou wert made to love.
As children of the East adore
The glorious orb of day,
I’ll worsnip thee, bright one, tho* thou
Sbouldst coldly turn away.
Ab ! could I think that I could gain
From those dark eyes one glance,
Or hear thee breathe one word of love,
It would my soul entrance.
Oh I had I all that earth bolds dear,
Wealth, honor, glery, fame,
I’d barter ail to bear that voice
Consent to bear my name.
Bat if my deep devotion meets
No kind return from thee,
At least give me a place within
“The depihsof memory.”
Columbia County, Jan. 4, 1850. Commo.
SELECTED POETRY.
A CIGAR.
When the weather’a unpleasant and dreary,
And the night unblesi by a star,
Hew sweet to a MDuker, when weary,
la the breath of a fragrant eigar!
What a bairn to the spirit, when lonely,
Togase at the uinoks as it flies I
And bright are the dreams, tbo’ dreams only,
That with each floating circlet arise !
When the caree flesh is heir to perplex us,
And trifles, more ha Tressing far,
Arise in our path and sere rex us,
How soothing a fragrant cigar !
If friends should prove false and leave us,
We can pass off the thing with a joke,
Nor allow their desortien to grieve us
But let tbe wound vanish in smoke.
When riches seem elow io collecting,
And prosperu look gloomy as night,
nought like cigars for directing
Our fancy to visions more bright.
Though life seems unpleasant and wecry,
And its path unbleat by a star,
Yet the smoker will feel, when he’s weary,
That there's bliss in a fragrant eigar.
[ Rostan Post.
We have seldom seen anything equal in rfiz
way te the following sketch sent to the Lewi*-
aille Journal on the close of the year. It io
moat capital:
SKETCHES IN RHYME.—No. 11.
BY JKBBMV JIMGLB, JR.
1 sat. rfght, to watch the old year eat,
And catch the firn taint dawning of the New,
Tbs winds were righiag drearily without;
I heard (be drowsy owl’s“iu whit Ilu bool*'
And in the distar ce, with a startling shout,
’•Co doodle doo!’* the old cock loudly erew 9
Fantastic forms about me seemed to dsoeo —
You’ll think, perhaps, I fell into a (ranee.
Wrinkled and bowed, bedecked with locks of gray ,
The old year, with a halting stop and slow,
Passed by ine in a shadowy din array.
Followed aptoo a >a ae ami spectral show
Os ghostly sbtpes, which had wt.b him their day,
And with him hastened <o the shades below.
Our country shuddered ’neath their chilling blight
And wept for joy to see them turned in flight.
The bony hands, which unrelenting slew,
Still reeked with blood of thou -ends, young and old*
The darts that with marring aim he throw,
Rusty and doll hie quiver did enfold.
The fatal bow, now broken and unstrung,
Upon bio arm with many u trophy hung.
A throng of nameless fears, which late oppressed us.
Sent forth by him to torture and to slay,
Crouched at bio feet, all powerless to molest us—
Crouched nt bis fee', and with him slunk away.
Those fiendish forms, that oftentimes infest us,
Arson and murder, hiding from the day,
With flame and knife to terrify the ni<bt,
Joined the dark ihrcng, aud sought disgraceful flight—
Than all the rest more hideous to behold,
A grizzly phantom fol io we-1 in be rear.
Her bloodshot eye in aimless frenzy roPrd;
Her clench’d flowers clasped a broken spear,
Thai wbil tn brandishing with rage untold.
She thought to fill a nation’* heart with fear.
With such a fiend the devil scorns communion,
And thrinks to hear her baled name, Disunion !
A throng of spectres, frightful to my virion,
Upon her slow, receding strpe evended —
Sly, lurking treason —heartless, vile ambition,
By nily-moufhad hypocrisy befriended.
Soener or later, in the tame perdition,
These and theirqueen shall find their journey enueu’,:
And blind lanatictatn, that srorned to dwell wi’ them.
Shall find heioelf, at last, in the same hell wi’ them-
AH these made up the Old Year’s sombre train,
Which, in the midnight, vanished slow away ;
May they have vanished, ne’er to come again 1
Full long, amid the rest, forms bright and gay
Has followed him ; but they were bid remain
To grace the Tear’s beautiful array.
Lal ere her rival’s pageant is withdrawn,
Shecomes advancing o’er the frosty lawn.
A rosy nymph, with gay and laughing air
And fairy step, she slightly trips along,
Shaking the snow-flakes from her golden hair,
And moving gaily to hope’s mystic song.
The crown of youth bedecks her lemp’ea fair,
And in bar traia a young and joyous throng,
With laughing eyas snd lightsome step, are seen,,
Dancing attendance on their lovely queen.
’Twasjocund health, with loosened tresses fienrrng’.
Graced the first rank and followed close bet/wk
Her lip and cheek like roses bright were glow tag.
Beneath the kisses of the winter wind.
From out her Cornucopia bestowing
Rich gibs to alt, with glances sweet andk<nd,
She won all hearts to lovu and pure devotion.
And swayed them gently as the moon the ocean .
A troop rfaocial joys, around her daneng,
Follow her steps and live upon her smile,
Soft as the snow flakes gaily o'er them glancing;.
Their fondest task is sorrow to beguile.
Pvaceand Contentment, with the train advancing;.
Came down to earth to foil the traitor’s wile.
Sisters divine, to them the task is given
To make on earth below another Heaven.
Thao all the rest more pleasing to behold,
A youthful warrior followed in the rear.
His flaming eye in noble frenzy rolled;
His sinewy arm upheld a pointed apear,
And brandished it aloft with might untold,
That caused Disunion's heart to quake with leaf.
Upon his brow there sat the seal of royalty ;
And angels stooped to bear hi* proud name, Loyalty-
Heroic virtues, beauteous to »y vision,
With willing heart their godlike chief befriended-
Fair Patriotism, from out her home Elysian,
And youthful Valor, all his steps attended—
Looked to his eye, awaited his decision,
And with him sacred Liberty defended.
AII these made up the Ne w Year’s joyous train :
May they have come, forever to remain!
“Cu doodledco!” the old cock louder erew,
And roused me startled from my lethargy.
The candle, in iu socket burning blue,
Shewed, in (he shadow’s dim obscurity,
The finger pointing to the hour of twe.
I was so struck with my revery,
That I reeeived to sketch it for posterity—
I hope they will not judge it with severity I
January 1, 1851.
From the Ixjuiavilla Journal.
WINTER.
He cornea at last,
In a howling blast.
Old W’inter—the stern and gray ;
And Autumn fair,
With her golden hair,
He has rudely chased away.
The flowers so bright
Turn pale in affright,
And meesly prepare for death,,
For weil they know
That their deadly foe
Isold Winter’s icy breath.
The brave old oik
Has felt the stroke,
Aud he rai>ee his orai w bare,
Tethe low’rinF
Asif to defy * * ’
Tie dark surm spirit there.
Fr mb l be. hrest lone
Every bird has fl >wn»
And all is quiet and still,
Sara the murmur lew.
Os the last death throe
That eemes from the treexiag rill.
And list to the wail
Os the c billing g*te»
As it sweeps the old trees among;
Wkeee branches umsq
Like the dy ;ng groan
Os a giant fierce and screeg.
Ho has lahd bio hand
Ou th- beautiful land.
And stiffened, it lieth and low ;
While its features one* bnght
Are now hid from the sight
By its virgin shroud «f anew.
Oh sorrow and pein
He bnageih again
To tlx ha J clad shivering peer,
Who trembte with it ar
When his steps the' bear
Approaching their bumble doo g r
Bardotewa Jan. 4, 1851. ■▲RIOW.
OUR PICTURE GALLERY.
,(> 1 lifeifiiaMaß h ,b
'■ 1 j / J',
THE RBSCUK.
X. ■
From Arthur 1 9 Homs Gazette.
RULINGA WIFE.
A PICTURE FROM REAL LIFE.
BT T. S. ARTHUR.
Half in konr of as cairn reflection aa it was
possible f.r Mre. Lane to make, brought her te
the resolution to leave the house at all hazards.
Where she was to go, was to be an after
thought. The Greatest evil waa to remain;
after escaping that, she would consider the
moans of avoiding what followed. Pu ting
on her bennet and ahawl, and taking her bun
ker, she went down stairs with her child, de
termined, if possible, to get away unobserved,
and after doing eo, to send back by any means
that offered, the only dollar she possessed in
the world, to the landlady. No one met her
on the stairs, and she passed the parlor door
unobserved But, alas! the street door was
found locked, and the key withrawn. After a
‘ew ineffectual attempts to open it, Mrs. Lane
went inta the parlor, and standing there, de
bated for some moments, whether she should
leave the house by passing through the bar
room, or wait fer another opportunity t. get
swa« by the private entrance. White still be
wildered and undetermined, the landlady
came in from the bar-room.
The moment she saw her guest, she com
prehended the purpose in her mind.
•• Where are ye going 7 ” said she in a quick
sharp voice, the blood rising to her coarse,
sensual face.
“ 1 am going to leave your house," replied
Mrs. Lane, in as firm a voice as she could com
mand. As she spoke she drew forth her purse,
end taking out the eolitary dollar it contained,
added, —•• Unfortunately, this is all the money
1 have with me, but I will soad yon the other
lialf dollar.”
But the landlady refused to take th. proffer
ed money, and replied indignantly.
“ A pnrey hew d'ye de, indeed, to come into
a geuieel body’s house, and then expect to got
off without paying your bill. But ye don't
knew Biddy MeGinnes—ye do.’t! If yees
wants (o ge peaceable, pay the dollar and a
kslf. But until thia is done, ye shall not cross
my door stone.”
“ I can’t stay here! What good will it do 7 ”
said Mrs. Lane, wringing her hands. “ it’s all
ilie money I’ve get; and remaining won't in
crease the sum, while it adds te the debt. Bet
ter let me ge now."
“Indadeaod ye’ll not go, thin, me lady;
I 11 tache yees te come into areapect'ble body’s
house without as mucn money in y’r pocketas
’ll pay for the night's lodging. I wonder who
v. are, any how ! Ne better than ye shenld
ho, I’ll warrant! "
While speaking, the Irish woman had drawn
nearer and nearer, and now stood with her
face only a few inches from that of her distress
ed guest, who, bursting into tears, clasped her
hands together, and sobe-d —
“ l-et me go I let me go I If you have the
heart of a woman, let mo go I ”
•• Heart of a woman, indado ! ” returned
Mrs. MeGinnes, indignantly. '• Y’er apurly
night, aud thin tryin’ to go off without paying
' -ir the lodgings and breakfast. Purty do
i.igs!”
•• V, hat’s th. matter here ! ” said a well
dressed man, stepping is from the bar-room,
and closing'he door behind him. "What do
;ou mr.au by talking to the lady in this way,
Mrs MeGinnes? I've be.u listening to you.”
There was an instant change in the Irishwo
men. Her countenance fell, and she re
treated a lew ateps from the object of her
vituperation.
“ What's all this about, I should like to
know," added the nan in a decided way.
•Will you explain. nisdainJ” addressing
Mrs Lane, in a kind voice "But you are
agiwed. Bit down and compose yourself. ’
•• Let her pay me tny money, that's all 1
want,” muttered the landlady.
In a iiioment the man's purse was drawn
Jr.m his pocket. •• What does she owe
y.u J ’’
“ A dollar and a half, bad luck till her ! ”
1 hei.’s your money, yon old termigsnt! ”
And the man banded her ihe amount •• And
now asyeu are paid, and having Homing more
to any to this lady, please to retire aud let her
be liee trom yourpre-ence.”
*• Yees n.edint call me ill names, Misther
Bond;’’ said the woman in a subdued voice,
ae she retired. “It uoesoa't become a jenlil
nan like yea. I didn’t mane any harm I
onlv wanted usy own, and sure, I’ve a right to
that.”
Well, you’ve got your own, though not
in away that does either you or y.ur house
much credit,” returned the man. *' The next
lime you are s. fortunate as to get a lady in
y.ur hotel, I hepe you’ll know belter huw to
treat her.”
Mrs. MeGinnes retired without further re
mark, and the man timed io Mrs. Lane, and
oaid in a kind, respeetful manner,
1 am serry to find you su unhappily situa
ted, and will do anything in my power te
relieve yeu from your present embarrass
ment. Your landlady here is a peifect virago.
How did yau happen to fall into her bauds 1 ”
Encouraged by the kindness of the man’s
address, as well as from the taot th nt he had
rescaed her from a violent wuman Mrs. Lane,
after composing herself, said —
“ I came in irom New York last night, and
being a stranger, asked the cabman to take me
io a good hotel. He brought me here. 1
happeaed to have but twe dollars in my purse,
he charged one for carriage hire.”
“ The extortioner! ”
•• Finding into what a wretched place he had
ought me, 1 wi«bed to leave this morning,
out, have been prevented because I eould not
pay a dollar and a half when I bad only a
dollar. 1 told her to let me go, and I would
send her the balaaee; but elie only met the
proposition by insult.”
•‘ The wretoh! ” exclaimed the mao, indig
osaCy. •' I happened te be paaeing, and hear
ing her load voice, glanced in at the window.
In an inetant I comprehended, to some extent,
th. difficulty ; and knowing her of old, came
iu to see if something were not wrong. Bhe
is a bad woman, and her house is a snare for
the innocent. It is fortunate for you that I
came at the right moment I ”
Mrs. Lane shuddered.
And now, madam.” said the man, " what
can Ido for you t Have you friends in the
city 1
•'lam aa entire stranger here,” replied
Mrs. Lane.
•• Were you going farther T ”
'• Yea,” was answered after some hesita
tion.
•• Where do yonr friends reside I ”
•‘ In Naw York.”
“Ah!”
“This is your childt" was said, after a
pause.
•• Yoe.”
There was something in the man’s manner,
and in the way be looked at her. that now
made Mrs Lane shrink from, as instinctively
as she had at first leaned towards him. Bs
neatb his steady eye her own drooped and
rested for some memen's on the floor.
Is your husband in New York 1 " pursued
the man.
This question caused the heart of Mrs. Lane
to bound wi h a sudden throb. Her husband !
She had deserted him, her natural and lawful
protector, and, already she was encompassed
wrh d.tfitulties and surrounded by dangers.
Whs: would she not at that moment have giv
en to be safely hack in the home she had left.
To the last question she gave a simple affirma
tive.
•• Where do you wish to go, when you leave
here T ” inquired the man, who nad per
ceived a change in her. and understood its
nature.
■• I wish to be taken to a good hotel, where
I can remain a day or two, mril I have time
te communicate with my friends. My being
out of u.oney is owing to an inadvertence. I
wi I leceive a supply immediately on writing
borne ”
The man drew his purse from bis pocket,
and presenting it. said
••This is at your service. Take whatever
yea need.”
Mrs Lane thanked him. but drew back.
■• Only get me into seme sa'e place, until I
can write to my fneuds.” said she. •• and you
would lay both them and me under the deepest
oblixauons. ’
The man arose at this, and stepping into the
bar-room, deeired the bar keeper to send for a
carriage. From a stand near by one was
called. When it camo to the door, he inform
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 5, 1851.
ed Mrs. Laue of the fact, and asked if ehe
were ready to go.
a Where will yon take me ? ” she asked.
“To the United States Hotel,” replied the
man, ” Yoa could net be in a safer or belter
place.”
On bearing this, Mrs. Lane arose without
hesita'ion, and going from the house, entered
the carriage with the man, and was driven
away. Drawing her veil ever her face, she
shrunk into a corner of the vehicle, and re
mained in sad emmuaion with her own
thoughts for many minutes. From this state
of abstraction, tbe stopping of the carriage
aroused her. The driver left his seal and opened
the door, when her companion stepped forth,
saying as he did so—
“ This is the place,” and oflTering at the
same time, his hand.
As Mrs. Lane decended to the street, she
glanced with a look es anxious inquiry around
her. Already a suspicion that all might not be
right, was disturbing her mind. Two years
before she had been in Philadelphia and had
staid several days at the United Staten Hotel
She remembered the appearance of the build
ing and the street, but now she did not recog
nize a single object. All was strange
“Is this the United States Hotel ? ” ehe
asked eagerly.
“ Ob, yea, ma’am,” was the smiling reply.
“ We are at the private enhance.”
Her bewildered mind was momentarily de
ceived by this answer, and she permitted her
self to be led into a house, which she soon dis
covered not to be an hotel. The most dread
ful suspicions instantly seized her. So soon
as she was shewn into a parlor, the man re
tired. A woman came in shortly afterwards,
who from her appearance, seemed to be (he
mistress of the bouse. She spoke kindly to
Mrs. Lane, and asked if she would walk up into
her room.
“ There has been some mistake,” said the
poor wanderer, her lips quivering in spite of
her efforts to assume a firm exterior.
Oh, no, none at all,” quickly replied the
woman, smiling.
“ Yes, yes there is. I am not in the hotel
where I wished to go. Why have I been
brought here ? Where is the man with whom
I came 7 ”
“He basgone away. But will return a<?ain.
In tile meantime do not causpiessly distress
yourself. You are safe frem all harm.”
“ But lam not wht*re I wished to go,” re
plied Mrs. Lana. “ Will you be kind enough
to givo me lhe direction es tbe United State*
Hotel, and 1 will walk there with my child.”
The woman shook her head,
•• 1 c uld not permit you io go until Mr.
Bond returned,” said she. lie brought you
here aud wiii expect io find you when he comes
back.’
“ I will not remain.” And as she sai l this
in a firm voice, Mrs Leno arose, and taking
her little girl in her ams, made an attempt to
move through the doer iutu the passage. Bui
the woman stepped before her quickly, and in
a mild, yet decided way, old her that she could
not leive the house.
4 Why not T ” asked the trembling creature.
“ Mr Bond lihs placed you in my care, and
will expect to find you on his return,” answer
ed the woman.
is Mr. Bond ? What t he .to
euntrnt ry moretnvoMi ”
••Dnl uo\ yeu place yotmelf in hi* caro 7**
inquired the woman. “ I understood him te
say iHmi such was tbe case.”
“ He offered to protect ma from wrong and
immlu*
’• And, having undertaken to do so, he fee s
himself responsible to your friends for your
safe re'urn io their hands. I am responsible
to him.”
“ Deceived ! Deceived ! Deceived ! ” mur
mured Mrs Line, bursting into tears and
sink ng into a chair, while see hugged her child
•ighdy in her arms, and laid its face against her
own. .
The women seemed slightly moved st this
exhibition of distress, and stood looking at iho
quivering frame of tine unhappy fugitive, wi h
a Flight ex propion of regret on her face.
Af:er Mrs. Line had grown calm, lhe woman
said to her:
*• fa your husband living 7 ”
“ He is,” was answered, in a steady voire.
“ Where does he res.de 7” continued the
woman.
" In New York,” replied Mrs. Lane.
“ Wl.al is his name 7 ”
Mrs Lvno reflec ed hurriedly, for some mo
wems, and t on gave a correct answer, add i«g
a* the Mma ime. that tor any attempted wrong,
there would come a speedy end severe re ri
bation. The uoxt inquiry of ‘he woman was
as to her husband’s occupation, which was also
answered corn cily.
44 And new,” added Mrs. Lane, with assum
ed firmness, “you had better let me retire from
this place immediately, and thus avoidtronble,
which, otherwire, yen would be certain to
have. My husband isa merchant of iufiaence.
and a man who will not stop at half measures
in seeking to redress a wrong. This mar,
whoever be may be, who has so basely deceiv
ed me, will find, ere long, that he has done an
act which will net go unpunished, and that se
verely. As for m>«elf, be warn’d in time, and
let me go frem this place.”
Again Mrs. Lane sought to pass from lhe
room, but was preren’ed. The woman was
neither harsh, rude nor insulting in her man
ner; but firmly reiused to let her leave the
house, saying—
“lam responsible for your safe keeping
and cannot, therefore, let you go.”
She then urged her to go up sliirs and lay
off her things, but Mrs. Lane refused, in the
most positive mam.er, to leave the parlor.
“ You will be more comfortable in the cham
ber we have prepared for you,” said lhe wo
man coldly. ‘ But you must do as you like.
If you want any thing, you can ring for it.”
And saying this, she turned from the room,
and locked the door through which she retired.
The instant she was gone, Mrs. Lune sprung
towards one of the front windows, threw it up
and attempted to draw the bolt which fastened
the shutter. But, her effort was net success
ful. The bolt remained immoveable. On a
closer inspection, she found that it was locked.
The back window was open, but a glance in’o
the yard satisfied her th»t it would be useless
to attempt escape in that way. Hope!a*s]in
mind, and paralyzed in body, she again sunk
down inactive. Little Mary, who had been
left standing on the floor during this effort te
escape, now came up to where she had thrown
herselt upon a sofa, and laying her little face
open her breast, looked tearfully at her and
said in a low, sorrowful voice—
“ Wo«’t papa come T I want my papa—nay
dear papa!*’
Not a word could the mother reply to her
unhappy child, who, in her folly, she had so
wronged. Oh. what would she not have given
at that moment, to have seen the face of her
husband!
Five or six hours had passed. In a small
sitting room, near the parlor ia which Mr»
Lane was siiH a prisoner, s end the mao named
Bond, and (he woman who had received her
•• Mrs. Laus did you say -he called her-elf?”
1 sa d the man. with a sudden change of man*
ner —‘and from New York V 1
•• Yea ”
“ 1) d you irquireher husband’s business?”
•• She said h° was a merchant of standing ;
: and threatened both you and ina wi'h the seve
rest consequences, if she were not instantly
released ”
•‘Can it be possible!” remarked the man.
and he stood in a musing attitude for some
tune. “I’m a iittle afraid this auur is not go
ing to (urn o H q ii‘e so pleaesn iy as 1 at hrs;
supposed. I think 1 know her husband.”
“You do !”
•Yes. have had several business trans
actions together, it he is the individual I sup
pose him to be.”
“Th’.H you had better get her off of your
I hands as quickly as possible; ani lbw will be
no hard matter. On y open the cage door,
and the bird will fly.”
“ Con fan nd that Irish buzzy! She and
her J »bn Murphy have scared up a nice bjt oi
adventure for me.”
• Bo’.h you aad they ought to have known
better than to expect anyih ng but trouble
from a woman wi.h a baby. As it is the bes
thing for you is to get her off of your band?
‘ forthwith ”
“1 dva’r like to give up after progressing so
far. It isn't Uiy disposition.”
“A wise man foresees evil, and gets out ot its
way.”
• • True; and my better couroe is to step
aside*. 1 suppose. But. what stta we do wiui
her ? ”
“ Op«n the cage door, as I eai ,and let fear
escape.”
*• Where will she go ? ”
“ Have you any concern on that head T ’’
“ Some. Moreover. I don’t just compre
| bend inc meaning of ner visit here, alone, al
■ight, «nd without money. 1 wonder u, alter
all, there i.n’t a lover in the ease, who haa fail
ed to meet her."
“ Moat likely.” returned the woman.
“In that event, why may not I take his
place 1 ’’
'* It will require her cement. Better have
nothing more to de with her, and thus keep
out of tbe way .f trouble.”
“ Her husband, ifehe bo the wife of the man
I think the is,” said Bond, “ will hardly »i»P
at halfway seeasares in an affair lik. this.”
So ranch the more reason for keeping out
of his way.”
“ Perhaps so. And yet, I like adventure,
especially when spiced with a little danger.
Upon second thought. I’ll let her remain here
until to-m.rrew,”
“ Just as you like. But. I’ve been enable
to get her up stairs; and she can’t stay in lhe
parlor ail night.”
“No She must go to the chamber you
have prepared for her.”
“How will we get her there 1"
“Use every effort you can to induce her to
comply with your wishes in this respect. I
will come in after night fall asd if you have
not been successful, will remove her by
force.”
With this understanding, the paitnerstn evil
separated.
Soon after parting with Mr. Edmondson,
who had informed Mr. Lane that his wife was
no longer at his house, and when the latter
had begun to feel exceedingly anxioui, he met
a gentleman who said to him,
“When do you expect Mrs. Lane back 1”
It was with difficulty shat the deserted hus
band could refrain from the exhibition of un
due surprise at such an unexpected question,
“I was over the river yesterday afternoon
with a friend who was on his way to Philadel
phia, added lhe man, “and saw yonr lady in
the cars.”
“Good morning,” said Mr. Lane, as he look
ed at his watch, and then turned away with a
hurried manner.
It was half-past eleven o'clock. At twelve a
line started for the South. Laue was on board
the steamboat when it left thodock. Six hours
and a half of most intense anxiety were pass
ed ere the unhappy man reached Philadelphia.
Ou arriving, he took a carriage and visited all
Use principal hotels, but not a word could he
bear of his wife. He then bethought him to
make some inquiries of tbe hackman whom
he had employed.
*• Were you at tha wharf last night, when
the New York line came in 1” he asked, as
he s'ood with his hand on tbe carriage door,
after leaving one of tbe hotels, again disap
pointed in his search.
“ 1 was,” replied the hackman.
“Did yon got any passengers 1”
“ No, sir.”
“ Did you see anything of a lady with a
child 7”
The hackman thought for a little while, and
then replied—
“ Yes I did. There was a lady and a child,
nearly the last on the boat. John Murphy
drovo them away ”
“ Where can I find John Murphy I” eager
ly inquired Mr. Lane.
. the stand!*
“ Drive me there, if you pletlse.” And he
sprung into tbe carriage. f
Li a few >nileuses they wares at a
stand; and Mr. Lane heard the driver oatl
out, aa he reigned up his horsirtfc
•‘Hallo! there. John Murphy; here’s a
gentleman who wants to s e yon."
The person addressed came up as Mr. Laue
descended from the carriage.
“I understand,” said Lane, “that you re
c i ed a lady and child in your carriage, l«s’
i niglit, fiem lhe New York line. Where did
| you V'-ke them T”
“ Who s-.id that I did 1” boldly inquired lhe
man addressed.
“ I said so !” as firmly replied the driver
who had given lhe information to Mr. Lane.
•Wh»t interest have you in denying ill”
Murphy eviuced some surprise at this, and
looked a little dashed, but repealed his denial.
A now fear instantly seized Mr. Lane. His
wife might have been entrapped into some
den of infamy, through luoaus of the driver
she had employed to convey her tea hotel.
The thought afiected him like an electric
shock.
• You are certain of what yon say I'' asked
Mr. Lane, turning to the hackman he had em
ploy ed.
“ Certam,” was answered positively.
“ Is there a police officer near at hand I”
was the next inquiry. This was intended as
no threat; and Murphy understeed its mean
>■<
The eyes of Mr. Lane were fixed on his
face, and be sew iu it a guilty change. No re
ply being made to lhe question about a police
officer, Mr. Lane said, addressing the accused
hackman—
“ If you wish to ercape t-oable, take me in
stantly to the house where I can find the lady
you look from the boat last night. She is my
wife, and I will go through fire and water to
find her ; and let him who stands in my way
take the consequences.”
Murphy now drew Mr. Lane aside, and said
a few words to him hurriedly.
“ Can 1 depend uponwhat you say 1" eager
ly asked the latter.
“ Yes, upon honor!” replied the hackman.
“ You must go with me,” said Lane.
“ I cannot leave the stand.”
“I will call a policeman and compel you to
go with me, if you don’taccempany me peece
ably. As I live. I will not part from you until
I find her! Take your ehoice—go quietly, or
under compulsion.”
There was a fierce energy in the excited
man that completely subdued lhe Irish hack
man, who, after a further, though feeble re
monstrance, got into lhe carriage with Mr.
Laue, and was driveu.off. The coarse taken
was eut 1 ■ street. Some distance beyond
Washington Square, the carriage stopped be
fore a house, in which Mr. Lane was informed
that he would find the woman whom Murphy
had taken from the boat the night before. He
stepped out quickly, and, as he sprung across
the pavement, Murphy, who was out of the
carriage almost as soon as he was, glided
around the corner of a “treat, and was beyond
recall. A quick jerk of the bell was answered
by a female aervaut, who held lhe door only
par.ly open, while Lane addressed her.
“ Wasn't there a woman and child bronght
here last night t” said ho, in an agitated man
ner.
•‘No, sir,” replied the girl; and, as she
spoke, she made an attempt to clow the door,
seeing which, Mr. Lane thrust a part of his
body in. and prevented the movement.
“ Are you certain T” he asked.
“ 1 am,” was positively answered ; while
the girl strove to shut the door by forcing it
against Air. Lane. At (bis moment something
like a smothered cry from within reached his
ears, when, throwing open the door with a
sudden application of strength that prostrated
the girl, he stepped over her body and en
to red the vestibule. Just then there arose a
wild cry for help! He knew the voice! It
came from one of the parlors, into which he
rushed. There he saw his wife, struggling in
! the arms of a woman and a man, wh le his
’ frightened child stood near, white and speech*
I less with terror. As he entered, Amanda saw
j him
‘ Oh, my husband!” she exclaimed. In a ■
moment the was released, and the man and
a oman fled fr »m the room, but net oefore the
■ face of the former was fully recognized by Mr.
Lane.
Li tie Mary had already sprung to her father,
! and was quivering and panting on his breast.
“Uh! >ake me away quickiy quickly,
cried Mrs. Lane, staggering towards ner hue
□and, and failing into bit arms.
Without waning for explanations, Mr. Lane
I we:;t from the house with b * w d® child,
i and placing hsm in the carriage at the door, !
1 wts driven to a hotel.
Tiie reader doubtless understands the scene (
I «e have i-js: described. Tne man namt-d ’
i Bond was in the act of carrying out hia threat I
] io remove Mis. Lane to a chamber by force,
wneunerbusbann appeared.
Os ali that passed between me severely
tried husband and wife, after their meeting, it
behoove, us not to write The circumstance,
we biv. detailed were exceedingly painful to
the parties most isterested ; but their effect,
like the surgeon’s knii., •» salutary. Mr
L.ne afterwa’ds regarded his wife from aa
entirely <ni«r.i po"“ <>' ’ ISW: * o,i ‘»“
ner aver, afferent woman from what he had
a- n-.i oeiiesed ii.r to be. He s.w in h.r a
• reogdi of character and a cl.aro.se ot tnieh
eet loi wbicn he nad ne»er given n.r creoit ;
and ireui looking down upon bar an a child or
j m mfer.or, eauie to feel towards her a* an
I indignation at lie treatment .he had r.-
ceived iu Philadelphia was ex r uro. I’he
man named Bond lie knew very well, and he
at first determined to call him to account per
sonally. But, ax this would load t<> a nrorlify
ing notoriety and exposure of the whole as
fair, he was reluctantly induced to keep fcilence.
Bond has never eroded his way aince. It
iui*ht not be well fol biin to da so.
flume yenrs have passed. No are who
meets Mr. and Mrs. Lane, at homo or abroad,
would dream that.at one limo, they were driv
en asunder by a strong repulsion, few uro
more deeply attached, or happier in their do
mestic rdat one. But neither tretpaseeH on
ih» odioi's tights; nor iruerleres with to
other’s prerogative Mutual deference, conn
deuce, respect, and love, uni ea them with a
bond that cannot again bo broken.
u - irr«■xs-.-rmratKYrtKnorDwa-.
£i-
TEMTIBE ISB NEWS.
The Last Half Century.
The following article from the Naw York
Ceufier S( Enquirer, nke ching the progress of
the last half century, will be read with interest
and profit.
VVeteok occasion, a few days since, to
«peak in general terms of the changes which
marked the half-ceiv ury just closed; Out, r.s
we glan 'e at the different por’ions of the earth,
we find those changes it finitely diversified
boih in extent and importance. The almost
universal law has been that of progress; but
while there are which have mads an
advance never beforSjparalleled in the history es
the word, there -ire others whose forward
movement ‘mebeen\uo rnoal! us to be Rcarcely
In no country has the advance been so great
as in onr own. In the year 1800, the popnla
ion of tbe United States was 5,300.000; it is
now 23,500,000 The number of States then
composing the Union was 16; it is now 31
Our ternterv was then 1 ,OU€,OOO square miles ;
it is now 3,200.000 Ail of our present domain
west of the Mississippi then belonged to France
and Spain, and was an unbroken wilderne s.
Florida was owned by Spam, and Georgia
was the only S’.ato on the Golf of Mexico.
West of New York there were no States but
Kentucky and Tennessee and these had spent
most of their feeble energies in bloody strife
with a savage foe Illinois, Indiana, Onio,
Michigan and the Western half of onr own
Stale, were yet but hunting grounds,where In
dians roamed unmolested. The entire popula
tion ©four Stale then was less than that of our
city and its suburbs now. The population of
our city then was but four fifths as great as the
present population of St. Louis. Philadel
phia was not three quarters as populous as
Brooklyn is now. Boston and Baltimore,
both then not very far from 200 years old, had
each less than the present population of Mil
waukie, or of San Francisco, the one of which
cities is now scarcely ten, and lhe other scarce
ly three years of age. In every branch of in
dustry our country has made an advance cor
responding to that in its population. Agricul
ture has more than kept pace with the increas
ed enlargement ofour bounds of civ.fixation ;
and we now not only supply the wants ©f our
own teeming millions, but have an immense
surplus to ship to foreign lands. In 1800 the
total value of all kinds of manufacturers and
products,of industry in the United Stales hard
ly exceeded a hundred millions of dollars; in
1850 the value, as to be shown by the census
now taking, will probably be full six hundred
millions. In 1800 the domestic exnorts amoun
led to $31,840,000 ; in 1850 to $136,946,912
The exportation of cotton alone had increased
from $5 000,000 annually to 65 or 70 millions.
Our inland lake trade hat increased from an
amounttoo insignificant to be estimated, to the
enormous value of $200,000,000 annually.
Our foreign marine is now hardly inferior in
extent or value to that of Great Britain, and
we are now gaining faster than ever on our
gigantic rival. Fitly years ago scarcely one
ofour presentfour thousand miles of canal ex
is-ed, and no one of our present eight thou
sand miles of railroad, or one of our present
sixteen thousand miles of telegraph was either
known or dreamed of. In short, under the
invigorating influence of free institutions, we
have groat and strong, with a rapidity
which makes tame the wildest hopes of lhe
founders of our Government.
The Brush Provinces in North America
have within the iast helf century, remarkably
increased in population. The two Canadas,
in 1800, had about 150 000 inhabitants ; they
now contain a million and a half. There is
hardly another instance on record of so rapid
an augmentation of population from births
alone as that of he French habitants of Lower
Canada within the last fifty years. Yet there
has been, in the provinces, nothing like a cor
responding increase in wealth and prosperity.
Ignorance and superstition continue to over
spread a large por ion of lire country, and
at very Jew i ugn t» aloir» is snything Irk* Yan
kee enterprise and thrift to bo found. Within
the la-t t*wyeasrr, the improvement of the te-
Tiorsiwieia. tli» organization of public in
struction, and wiser and more liberal legisla
tionin general have given a certain impulse to
the dormant energies of the Provinces ; but
it has become most clearly evident that the
real and permanent interests of the Canadas
require a complete dissolution of their present
connection with Great Britain. It is as certain
as any future change can be, that this event
will sooner or later occur within the present
half cenuiry.
Mexico has ceased to be a Spanish vice-roy
ally ; but though it has increased in popula
tion since 181)0 from Gve to seven millions, it
has ma le no advance tn wealth or civilization
within the lasi sis y years. It has lost near one
hall of its territory : its excellent agricultural,
commercial and manufacturing advantages
have been almost totally neglected; the produce
of the mutes has declined ; the spirit and char
acter ol the people have been depressed ; and
though the so-ms of a republic have been gain
ed and retained, it has only been to show the
world that the evils es no government are far
more calamitous than the evils of inis govern
ment.
Most of the South American republics too
have acquired the name, only to exchange a
foreign for a more degrading domestic joke.
The little energy they once had, has been nearly
all wasted in civil war, and. amid the domestic
dangers which constantly beset them, they are
dented alt that secunty’and repose, witnout
wbteh their strength can never be recruited,
or their condition tn any way psrmanen ly im
proved. Brazil, the only empire in America,
has greatly advanced in uiatarid prosperity
within the last fifty years. Its population has
nearly doubled, (owing however, tn part, to
the vast number of imported Africans); its
agriculture and commerce have vastly in
creased ; its mines are more extensively and
systematically worked. But though the Bra
ztllians have very considerably advanced in
wealth, they have made but little improve
ment in knowledge or moral character. Edu
cation is at a lamentably low ebb, and the cele
brated Portuguese work “The Art of Stealing”
still remains the principal standard work of
the kingdom. Cuba has, since 1800, wonder
fully increased in population and resources
It contained then about 300.000, inhabitants;
now, over 1,300,000. The production of cof
fee, sugar, tooacco, has augmented with aston
ishing rapidity- In 1800 there were but 80
coffee plantations on the Island ; in 1837 the
exports of coffee amounted to 53,330 175
pounds. The exports of sugar in 1800 amount
ed to 40.000,000 pounds ; tn 1837, to over
226 000.000. In 1800 tobacco was hardly cul
tivated tn Cuba: in 1845 the exports of tobac
co were, 6.674,863 pounds. Tins remarkable
increase’of population and staple exports is
mainly owing to the breaking up of tbe old
colonial monopoly, the opening of the ports to
foreigners, and the establishment of a liberal
commercial system. The civil administration
of the island has been ranch ameliorated with
in the last fifty years, but ail tbe intellectual
and moral interests of society are still lamenta
bly neglected. Hayti, formerly the most pros
perous of the West India Islands, proclaimed
itself independent of France tn 18U0, and since
then it has yearly been approaching the lowest
depth of wretchedness and degradation. Its
agricul.ure and commerce have become cem
pletely ruined, and its present state of morals
may be inferred from a statement published in
the official part of alate number of the Moni-
Uur Haytun, that tn the 16 principal towns of
tne islands the whole number of cnild-en born
during the first three months of 1850. was
1 863. of wnorn 1.700 were born out of wed
lock, ar.d only 163 were legi ituate, Jamaica,
too, has fallen from a a gh state of prosperity,
and owing to a variety of causes, the principal
of which, we believe, was the emancipation of
lhe b acks, is threatened with irretrievable
bankruptcy and ruin.
Great Britain, within the last 50 years, has
made an advance in greatness ano power only
surpas-ed by lhe progress ot our own coun
try. Her augmentation of industry, and her
accumulation of capital, may nest be judged
I by what she was able to do by trie anLua,‘ m_
! vestments of her savings for a period of 25
years. In 1840, the whole of lire shipping
oeioogiug to tie United K ngdour was 2.648.
593 tons; in 1845 it was 3,557,35 i tons. In
1b29 she had cotton lactones capable of work
ing up 151,000,000 pounds of co,ion wool; in
j 1-45 she work-d up more than 70J.000.000
pounds. I i 1829. »r.e bad eoolen factories
capable of working up 7,691,000 parcels of
wool; and in 1845, she Worked up 59 493,000
pounds of foreign woo:, icoepeudeui ot the
home grow to. The declared value ot ivritish
exports iu 1520 wax £35,568,00V. and the offi
cial va ue of her imports £31484000; in
1845, her exports had risen to £sb
and her imports to £75 ,441,5u5. An classes,
too, have participated in tuts advance or pros
per.ty, as cas been conclusively proved irom
undeaiabie data Wealth has become less
unequally distributed, and the c-iinlurts of life
nave become ac.essible lu a much larger snare
of the population. England has increased it.
inhabitants from nine to seventeen millions,
Scotland from a million and a ball to three
millions, and Ireland from four millions and a
naif to eight millions But Ireland, notwith
standing her enormous increase of population,
has b..eii a lamentable exception to Hie general
prosperity, and she is doubtless, at ti.’s day,
worse off in alt the physical wauls ofiife. th msue
was in die year I=VU.—the epoch of her U oio :
with Great Britain. Wi.oin the last hi y year
England has vusiiy enlarged her colonial
dependencies. She has jollied to ner ducaia-
OUS Guiana, tne Cape of Goad Hope, Van
Dieman’s Land, Western Australia, and ha«
added immensely to the area of Iror Indian
Empire- nn that she now hold* sway over one
hundred and fifty millions iu that quarter of
he globe. She is doing more than all other
nutronn combined in extending the b ossings of
civilization and Christianity over the world.
France, notwithstanding her high position in
iiterattire, and her unequalled iotelleelual ac
tivity, and notwithstanding all of her martial
Hchiovetoeuis—which have scarcely a parallel
<»n the page of history—has been for lhe last
fifty years declining in her moral character and
physical resources. Her population in 1800
was 27,000.0(10; it is n »w 36.000,000, a slower
rate of increase than that of any other coun
try in Europe. Within the last thirty years
the population of Hassiia has increased twice,
and (hat of Prussia more than three times as
rapidly as that of France. It is a remarkable
fact, that the annual number of births in France
v-'ss as great when the population was 24 000,-
000. as it is now when it is 36.000 (ICO. From
1789 to 1816. io spite of tbo wars of the Re
public and the Empire, tbe population of
France increased about four million; from
1816 to 1848, a period of uninterrupted peace,
it increased only five and a half millions. The
race of Frenchmen is so fast declining that out
of one hundred young men annually eouscrib*
ed for military service, fifty are rejected be
cause they do not come up to tho military stan
dard of five feet, or have tco feeble consritn
tian* I© endure military j-ervice. The number
of i|legi .mute births in 1800 was 41.635; iu
1831 it was 74 727 ; and during the last yeir jt
pro fifthly was not much under 100,000 The
rnannfactories of France have greatly in
creased since 1800, but they have proved the
great centres of moral deprivation. In Eng
land tho manufacturing are no more
ibau inu egri 'iJinrai di-,trie*«;
1 to 5 in the manufacturing towns, and only 1
to 15 in the country. Agriculture in France
has greatly improved since 1800. in conse
quence of the abolition of the eld feudal tenures
at tbe first revolution, and it has a greater pro
portion of its soil under cultivation than any
other country in Europe. Still the revolntiou
ary law in relation to inheritance ha* brought
about such an extreme subdivision of landed
property, that nearly half of the land at the
present time is loaded with heavy incumbran
ces, and the great bulk of the agricultural po
pulation are in miserable poverty. The com
merce of France, considering the development
of the agricultural activity, has iucreessd very
little since 1800, and for the fast few years ha-r
been actually declining. The etfecuve of the
commercial service of France previous to lhe
wars of the Revolution was 500 000 tons. In
1844 it was only 604,000, and it has grown
much less since- The annual deficit it. tiro aa
tional treasury has long been annually increas
ing, so that in the year 1848, iu spite of lhe
additional forty-five centimes tax, levied by or
der of the Provisional Government, the amount
by which the expenditures exceeded the reve
nues was over $72,000,000. The navy has
increased but little in its total effective since
1800, and the army, notwithstanding the op
pressive system es conscription, has found ut
difficult to supply its rank and file, and has long
been obliged to depend upon England and
Germany for its horses. Taking these, and
very many other similar facts, we have no space
to enumerate, into consideration, it is difficult
to resist the sad conclusion that France, within
the last fifty years, has been rather retrograding
than advancir g in physical resources and in
moral character.
Belgium, fifty years ago, wa« a part of
France ; it is now in form, a limited monar
chy, but in fact, a Republic, in which tho Peo
ple is the actual sovereign. The French revo
lution of 1791, swept away its feudal system,
and its own revolution of 1830, gave it free
institutions, which have produced a social im
provement and a rapid progress in every in
dustrial pursuit, seldom witnessed in the old
world. Its population has increased to five
miiliens, theagh its territory is only about one
eighth of that of Great Britain.
Holland has, on the whole, mado an ad
vance during the half century, in spite of all
the vicissitudes she has experienced ; and al
though she cm never regain the national iu
fluence and consideration-she enjoyed in her
Republican days, still, she is now, probably,
the most industrious, and certainly the most
opulent of European nations.
The extinction of the antiquated and impo
tent Gurmar.ic Constiiution in 1791 relieved
Germany of an incubus, which had long par
a'yzed all hor energies, Tne benefits of this
deliverance, however, did not begin to show
themselves in lhe smaller Slates, till after the
definite re-organization of the political ele
ments by the Confederation of 1815. That
Confederation was not favorable to the minor
powers, and yet, under it, almost all of them
bfcve grown materially in power, in popula
tion at d resources. But German} 7 can never
attain the political rank it is justly entitled to.
or that social prosperity nature has placed
within its reach, until some practicable scheme
of Germanic unity, rinl! make the laud a wa
h»7», instead of7fa being, as it is now, a mera
geographical expression Recent avents
however, indicate anything but such a consutn
mation.
Prussia has made sn extraordinary advano
since 1800. Her population then wusS.OOU,-
OUO ;it is now over 16,000 GOO- Her agricul
ture then, was iu the lowest state of depres
sion ; but the old feudal restrictions were sum
marily swept nwav by the famous land act of
1811, —an act w ich violently conflicts with
all cur ideas of the vested rights of’ properly,
and»ince that time, Prussia© tillage has b«en
steadilv improving wit i wonderful rapidity.
The Kiugdvm of late years also especially
in its Rhenish provinces has greatly disiin
gaished uselfby its manufacturing enterprise ;
and its eommerce, c®- sidering i’s want of sea
ports, ha* grown to be very considerable. In
mili ary strength, Prussia is one of the mo*’
powerful 8 ates un the Continent, and through
the opera'ion of the landuekr R-stem, the pen
pie have become wore deeply imbued
with a martial spirit than any other in Europe.
This monarchy poesies the mnst per
fect system of education in the world ; and
though tiro plan was firn devised by Frederick
the Great, it has gained almost all its
practical efficiency during the last halfcen-
ury,
The progrees es Austria during the last half
century has been comparative y slow. Ihe ii
liberal polity of the government, the variety
es the populstien, and the jealousies and con
dieting interests of the various provinces, have
continued to operate very unfavorable upon
the development of the physical resources of
the country. The cystem of education, how
ever has become varly enlarged, and almost
every one is how able to read and write. Still,
though elementary instruction is now almost
universal, the studies which qualify men for
the duties and re-poas«bilities of citiz«Mship,
such as the prirciples of polities, public law,
political economy, &e , are.ca re fully discard
ed from the scheme of public education, and
the Anatrians are at tbit day about as incapa
ble ofsuif government as tnoy were fifty years
ago. The Roman Catholic priesthood have
gained a large inereace of power by the sur
render made to the Pope last year by the pres
ent Emperor ©fthe Royal prerogatives wrung
from the the Papacy by Joseph 11. The Kion
archy now is almost iueitrxably involved in
debt; and even did other circumstances favor
the progress and aggrandizement of the ern
p.<re, this, with its consequent loss of credit,
would form au obstacle that could scarcely be
surmounted,
Greece has shaken off a little of the lethargy
which formerly locked up ail its energies un
der Turkish despotism, but as far as practical
results are concerned, that act has thus far
been to very little purpose. The Constitution
of 1343 has proved itself nnsuited to the char
acter and wants of the people. It is true that
the country has in form exchanged a {responsi
ble for an irresponsible government; but in
faet chicanery has only taken the place of dic
tation, and corruption of force. In the present
state ofthings there is no public virtue, and
what is still worse, no belief in its existence.—
The Kingdom has made scarcely any advance,
either physically or morally. It commenced
its existence with a debt of $12,000,000, and
has since qaadrupled its liabilities. The resour
ces of the country remain undeveloped. The
only tillage attempted is of the rudest descrip
tion; manufactures are merely known; but
three practicable roads exist in the country;
and the fore gn commerce is extremely limited.
The on*y positive public improvement has
been in the system of public education, which
is now modelled after the Prussian plan, and
promises to do something toward elevating the
character of the people.
The kingdom of Naples has increasedcon
siderably in population since 1800. and the
total abaiitton of the feudal system in 1806, by
Josepn Benaparte, produced a beneficial
change in the constitution of property ana so
ciety. Agriculture baa made marked progress
within the lasi forty years, but commerce no -
withstanding the vxiraordinary merest tile cd
vantagea of the country, has expanded itself |
hut very little, and nwnufac ures are still al I
most unknown. Education and all the moral j
ritere-*tsof the kingdom con.mue to be as i
much neglected as ever, and Jesuits yet have '
alm is:supreme control over he minds of
youth. The civil rule has been but very littie
ameliorated, as is best shown by the fact t;.at
it takes 90 0 0 bayonets io upho.d ;t.
The dominions, since the -estora ion
of ecclesiastical domination in J’.ls, Lave
yearly been in sinkit g iow.,r and lower tu •
wre ctiedness and d jgradaiicn
Tuscany has improved somewhat in rs
agriculture and manufacturing branches tu
India try, and i* civil admiu.s.r ition, h >cg »
slid purely monarchical, has still pracLCni*
been much ameliorated. Education is s.iH a,-
aost exclusively in '.lie hanos of the eccle-ia
ucs, but is much better conducted than form
erly . But Tuscany still has little other cl.rna
upon the respect of the world then uer pre
«nt love of art and her a-icierit republican re
sown.
Sardinia has greatly enlarged its population,
i-s territory, aud its wealui since IsllU, and Ho
dor -be liberal constitution. oi 1047 isadva e ng
oosl rapid y iu every e'emeut of national great
ness
Spain and Portugal, though tb-ir dynast e.
and form, of government haver en coanaed,
till continue a di-gracn w toe. se.tre- and a
reproach to Europe. Ad k.ii'l- «l int-i trv
ro<n«n parayaed, and the character o: h
~eop eis anout a. iow as ever. ist the I *
auis.tiorr has been aboi shed, the influence o
ue clergy has decreased, the vast ecch «n; C■-
domains have been confiscated, ana many ui
VGL.LXV—NEW SERIES VOL.XV--NO 6.
the civil mid mic.ial abuses that foraiuriy .xis'ed
hive been swept sway. The last half century
has actually advanced these two kingdoms
scarcely at all, but it has beuefiited them not a
little by taking away many of tbs most serious
obstacles to iheir future progress.
Switzerland has experienced many vicissi
tudes within the lastso years, bnt it has on ths
whole materially progressed Its population
has increased, and all its branches of industry
have become more prosperous. It is to ba
hoped that rhe very liberal constitution of 1848
will give an additional stimulus to el! the bettor
aspirations of the Republic.
Toe creation of a new dynaaty, and a course
of solid, equitable, and -enlightened public
policy, have greatly improved die condition hi
Sweden within the las; twenty or thirty yeara
Prior to 1810, there was a progressive dimi
nution of thb population; but since 1820, it
has increased about a million. Education has
become widely diffused, and all kinds of in
dustry are prosperous.
Russia, tuongii still remaining the complete
autocracy it was fifty years ago, baa vastly in
creased in power and resources. Its papula
tiun has advanced from thirty to sixty millions.
Its commerce, notwithstanding its prohibitive
system, has greatly extended itself; its manu
factories are uow numbered by thousands,
where, twenty years ago, they were counted
by scores; and its mining industry has become
fir more extensive and prosperous. On ac
count es the continuance of the system of
serfdom, agriculture however, has made no
corresponding advance. The advance of
Russia is connnod entirely to its physical inte
rests. Ignorance and superstition prevail as
much as ever among the mass of the popula
tion.
Tut key has diminished in population within
the A. ■ ly V”',, r
c<>r/tn"?;f*\i'.c boa uron luiiKuig mor .' A
into decrepitude, it is true trial the infamous
prtatorian cohort, the Janituities. has been
exterminated—that the lasi and present Sultans
have great y addod to the military and naval
fore', have encouraged industry and introdu
ced many valuable reforms into the civil ad
ministration, and have done very much towards
breaking down the thick barriers of religious
hate that formerly separated Turkey from all
Christian na.iens, but still the vitals of the
Empire are fatally cankered, and the day of its
final dissolution is not distant. In all proba
bility the present half century will expuuge it
as completely from the map of Europe, as the
last expunged Poland.
All the northern and western parts of Asia
have remained essentially unchanged since
1800.
The internal condition of China still contin
ues what it has been for centuries, but the re
cent throwing epon of the five ports to the
shipping of all nations is an innovation in the
foreign policy of the empire that promises in
the end to work the moat momentous results.
Though the British empire in India was
fou.ded in 1750, still in consequence of the
expiration of the charter of the East India
Company—of the influx of British capital and
population—of the vast extension, by negolia
tion and by arms of the British jurisdiction—
of the establishment of the English system
of jurisprudence, of a free and able press, and
of a well organized plan of native education—
and of the general abandonment of the Hin
doos of many of their most cruel ceremonies
and grossest superstitions, the last half century
has told more upon the future destinies of
India than the previous three thousand years.
Australia within fifty years has grown from
an unexplored wild, inhabited by the most
degraded of the human races, to bo the home
of over 40,000 Englishmen, and the seat of an
empire whose future greatness cannot be cal
culated.
Africa has undergone but little change.
Egypt, though less oppressed, is still as rtagya
ded as ever; and far more than ever is reali
zing the Biblical curse that she should bo the
“highway of nations.” Algiers has come in o
French possession, but as a colony it is hardly
worthy of the name. Notwithstanding the im
mense efforts of the Home Government to
encourage immigration, the colonists now
number only about 65.000, and they have to
be protected by 80 or 00,000 soldiers. On
the Western coast of Africa, the colony of
Sierra Leone, which was founded in 1787, and
Liberia, founded in 1821, have done some
thing and promise to da vastly more towards
diiaihishing the foreign slave trade, and intro
ducing civilization and Cjitialianly into this
benighted continent. Tne L’ape of Good
Hope, ceded to the English Sn 1815 has be
ceme one of the most thriving god important
of lhe British colonies, and the degraded Caf
frsa and Hottentots, who formerly occupied
the country, are fast becoming extinct. Tha
white popu arion now numbers over 200,000,
and is rapidly increasing. This colony is as
suredly the embryo of a powerful nation.
Most of the islands making up what is called
Polynesia, have changed but little during lhe
half century, but a lew—sueh as the Sandwich
Islands, the Society, and the Friendly Islands —
which iittje been pacticubirly brought into
contact with commerce and civilization, have
d wimUftfi iwwhF pupuTUllOil, nTTHr’lTflgl-’'
nal inhabitants, although multitudes have been
christianized, will probubly, by the end of an
other half century, have ceased io exist.
The preceding glance at the relative move
ment of the different countries and portions of
the world during the last fifty years, is sugges
tive of many reflection* and inferences, bnt
we hive already trespassed too far upon lhe
patience of our readers.
Dead-Letter Office.—The following in
teresting notice of the operations of thia branch
of lhe General Post Office is copied from
lhe Washington Republic :
The Dead-Letter Office. — On the firat floor
of the northeast corner of the Pout Office De
partment in this city are four rooms, occupied
by thirteen skillful and industrious clerks.
These rooms stand two and two on ecch side
of a passage way, in which well filled mail
bags, of a goodly size, are pile 1 ceilingward.
Wo often see a clever wagon load of them there
and a man busy carrying them into one of the
rooms; but the pile appears to grow no le<*s.
Whether the faithful porter is condemned to the
fate of iSisyphmi, and made to do forever in
the removal of a burden that as constantly re
gains its place, is a subject worthy the inquiry
of the curious Moved bv a desire for the ac
quisition cf useful knowledge, we entered the
extreme corner room the other day, and were
not a h tie surprised to find as iofiy a pile of
s*ufled mail bags on the inside as on the out
side of the partition. Mr. Hoover was very
hard at work in endeavoring to reduce its alti
tude, untying the strings and tumbling the con
tents into a great large trough. We asked
him what the sucks contained and were in
formed that it was dead letters. A silent h be
ing the nearest approximation to a dead letter
ter which we had any knowledge, we resolved
on still further prosecuting our investigations,
and soon ascertained that any sealed package
for which a Postmaster cannot find the proper
c'aimant, within three months from the time of
advertising it, is called a dead letter, and that
the aggregate of all such from the post
offices of the United States cons'.itulcs the ex
haustless heaps that had so perplexed us. The
trough sometimes gets heaping full, and then
Mr. Hoover assists Mr. Shedd. And what
does Mr. Shedd 1 His duty is to separate
the dead letters and their winding sheets, the
post bills that are wrapped around them from
the quarterly returns that accompany them,
from nineteen thousand one hundred and fifty
six post-masters, and then pa»s the letters in
basketsfull to Mr. Reed. What does Mr.
Reed with them ? He ascertains that lhe num
ber of the letters and their rates correspond
with the marks in the post bills accompanying
them, and thus detects any errors made by the
postmasters. He also separates the letters
originally mailed in certain foreign countries
with which we have reciprocal postal arrange
ments from all others. The former are set
aside, while the latter are passed to Messrs.
Hamilton, Horne and Ross, in an adjoining
room, by whom they are opened
Mr. Shehey has a desk in the first room, and
guided by lhe post bills, keeps accurate,
accounts between the Post Office De
partment, and the postmasters who send up
the dead lexers.
Mr. Schwarlzman also has a desk here, and
performs a variety of important duties In
the first place, the letters originally mailed
from the post offices of certain European
countries, viz: England, Ireland, Scotland,
and the city cf Bremen, are by him returned
to the central post offices of those countries
respectively, from which letters are in like
rnanuer by him received. Refused letters sent
by our postmuteri wi'hout awaiting the pro
cess of advertising, &c., are taken cognizance
cf by him j'-o and accredited to them in their
accounts. When poetmasiters omit to send up
their quarterly returns, it h bis duty to address
them circulars of inqurrv ; and other corres
pondence of a miscellaneous character is
committed to him.
lut.? the opening room, in which Messrs.
Haioilton, Horne, and Ross operate, the Jet ers
are ail bruukiit- The* gentlemen open them
wi n dex erity ; and uch ;.s have no en
clostweetheyd/up io the floor nnread, while
goch any description of proprr y
• re, w,-.h thnir con'enU, registered, and then
uftf jided, and conveyed to rhe third room.
l’s*ie emp:y k-'iern are by the messenger or
poriercraui ned into uncka.and conveyed t • the
cehar, and at too end of e »ery quarter taken to
stxre suitable p ur»d burned
Captain O'Bnen, in the third room,to which
the ici'. rs wi n enclOFnrea are conveyed, and
Meesrs. -4: kxh and K'ng, in the fourth room,
are cocc-tau-iy engsg din eflorts to find the
person ior wuom wiich letters are intended, or
bv whom t.iey have been u.ailed The failure
e? the otj-. -r direcuon to accoinp’isb the form
er renders an examination of the inside ne
cessary. s’iiie ten hs of snch le ter* are thu*
sem to their intended de»tma ion.
or restored to their writers When tne rem t
ance is less than oi<e dollar no trouble is taken
wr.h it- t
The systematic meani used by these officers
to ascertain tna proper o.voefsof eflecw co
intotr.t’ir pu»» ssion. and respond :o inq«ii
rie-* for ieitera is asaiosi incredible to one un
acquainted with th3 opera’ions of their offi :e
I'm y r -ve printed forms tis inquiry respecting
er=ou-- ; cifeuidM to post masters whose omitt
!<)[•. to send up de id fe ters has been d* tected
svith reproof lor tbe sane, and dsiections as
odie i mode of procedure ; ci culars to
pos'.misteri enclosing ieti .rs cf v?. ue, with
directions, formol receipts to be taken
and returned to the Department, &i.; cucu a
|»r. in response to applications for totters not
received at the dead letter office ; and many
others adapted to a'most every case that can
arise .
Mr- Byington, in the third room, is occupied
chiefly in keeping an account of al) letters and
vsluablea other than money received, and of
all forwarded to their destined places ; and by
reference to his kooks any important fact «•■-
nocted with this branch efthe asrviee can be at
all time, clearly ascertained.
Mr. Wallace has committed to him the duty
of registering and sending fetters originating
in the executive etliccs to those offioes res
pectively ; of returning to the House es Rep
resentatives during >is session all free letters
emanating from the Capitol; and of receiving
all applications for lost or missing letters,
searching for the same, and answering inqui
ries. These duties at times involve a reference
to the bureau of depredations, conducted by
Major Trott, of which we shall hereafter have
occasion to speak.
This whole division of the post office de
partment is, in connection with other itnp.r •
tant duties, under the supervision and control
of J. Marion, E-q , Third Assistant Postmaster
General, and nil the officers wo have named
ooerate under his special direction. It is to
him that communicaiions in relation to tbe
dead letter office are addressed.
The dead letters containing no remittances
are never read ; and those containing en
closures are looked into only so far as is neces
sity to obtain a clue to their proper owner
ship.
The whole number of dead letters returned
to the Department we can only vaguely esti
mate. Thus, in one quarter, the bulk of
opened letters eqnn led about 6,000 bushels,
crei'nn.evlj each bushel Is supposed contain
l. 'VBK./ ’ffr u-itnber rr-wrne 'ts tftete-
.o wfl in each year.
Unclaimed moneys, loss the discount, are
handed over to tne general treasury, suhjnot
to the demands of the rightful owners; but
we believe for the half-year, ending June 30th,
1850. 'he amount of these was not more than
about $1,700.
Draiie, deeds, and other papers of value,
and also jewelry, mementoes, &e., are pre
served in the dead letter office. These are
eften recovered by their owners with much
delight. In one instance, not a great white
since, a gentleman, for want of certain deeu
menta believed to have been lost from the
mail, found himself in the power of an on
scrupulous person, in a matter in which pro
perty to tho amount of ten thousand dollars
(all the gentleman was worth) was involved.
As a possible means of obtaining the papers,
be applied to the dead-letter office, and in
about three minutes they were produced !
The package had been improedrly addressed.
Dead letters are usually unpaid letters)
The custom of prepayment has become vastly
more general since the reduction of postage to
five and ten cents. In the fourth quarter of
1850 tbe number of dead letters received
from Cincinnati, not prepaid, was 8 700 ; the
number prepaid, 1,300. In the third quarter
of 1850 the prepaid letters from the Boston
post office numbered 1,612; of tetters not
prepaid, 9,401. These instances are taken at
random.
We have necessarily abridged our narrative
of the operations of the dead-letter office; yet
we doubt not we have supplied facta both
novel and interesting to the public.
Postage Stamps and Stamped Envelopes.— A
correspondent informs us that since the intro
duction of cheap postage in England the Post
Offices there have kept for sale both stamps and
stanhope envelopes, butthat while the former
have been universally adopted, tha latter have
hardly been used at all, and are not likely to
be more in request hereafter. The stamps he
says, are very much used in transmitting small
enaas, which could not ba sent through lhe
Post iu coin, owing te its bulk. Hundreds of
pounds weekly are carried in this form by the
mails of the United : Kingdom. The British *
Post Office allows one per cent, byway of
commission to the venders es stamps.—:V. K.
Trihune.
The authors of Jane Eyre, Wuthering
Heights, and Agues Gray stand confessed. A
new edition of the two last es these stories,
(says the New York Express,) has just appear
ed in London, with a biographies! sketch of
tbeir authors, and an avowal of the author
ship of Jane Eyre. It seems the three works
were lhe productions of three sisters, daugh
ters of a country clergyman, among the hills
bordering Yorkshire and Lancaster. Shut eat
from congenial society and other pursuits,
they devoted thoir leisure hours te literary
composition. To eenceal their names and
sex, thev took the names of Cnrrer. Ellis, and
Acton Bell. “Withering Heights” was tho
production of Ellis, or Emily : “Agnes Gray"
was produced by Acton, or Attne, tho young
est sister; and “Jane Eyre" was written by
Cnrrer, the eldest sister. The two younger
sisters died, one in December, 1848, and the
other iu Wayffiljffi. leaving Cnrrer onto »li«a-
- vrr, twantrCnff Jane n.yre, from “Cnrrer I”
A New Article or Southehs Manueac
tbre —Tho Knoxville P.ebeian »ays : We
were shown last week, at the residence of
Hon. Judge Alexander, a novelty in the way
ofSeathere Manufacture—a large fashionable
Piano, which, for eyle and finish will favora
bly compare with tbe finest Northern make.
It was manufactured by Fred. Benecke, es
Wartbug. Morgan county, a skillful, enter
prising German piano manufacturer, who wo
learn has established a Maflafactory at that
place, and designs carrying on the hnisinsae
extensively. We see no reason why tais naw
enterprise should not succeed So far as we
are informed, it is the only manufactory of the
kina South of Cincinnati. The piano shown
us as a specimen, has been tested by several
of enr best pianists, and lias been pronounced
by all eoual if not superior to any es the
northern manufactured. There is nous of lhe
banjo butch-work peculiar to some es the
Yankoe articles. The Wartburg Pianos mast
soon be introduced into tho Parlors of our
fashionable ladies, and come into general use.
The manufacturer not only designs supplying
onr southern market with his Pianos, but de
signs shipping a lot to New York city, and
thus compete with northern manufacturers at
their him dears. This is the way to intimidate
the Norik'. Success to the manufacturer-
Masueac rentse Caeital kt Museoaau.—
From he comms returns of Muscogee we find
lust the amount of oapital invested there in
manufactures is $841,5:7 —acid that invested
in tne manufacture of Cotton and Wool is
$493,000. The population of tho county is
18,623—that of tho city 5,942. So good an
example es enterprize should have its influ
ence upon other counties and cities of lhe
Cotamouwealih. There is th# elernen' of true
indnpendeueo in it which is tangible.—Gsergiu
Citiaea.
The Boston Batb and Wash House Com
pany are about putting into practice their be
nevolent in’ennon of establishing free baths in
thatcity for the use of the poor.
Cotton vs. Lumber. —We learn that many
of tbe lumbermen on the Altamaha, are direct
ing their attention to the cultivation of cotton
this year. We think they are unwise, but
events must prove it. In various sections of
thia State planters are running in debt for
negroes at tho most extravagant prices. The
consequence will be, we suppose, as the whole
world is rushing into eotton, that a large crop
will be produced, prices will come down, the
raising of provisions will be neglected and
therefore they must be paid for, and eno who,
having four working hands, buys four more on
a credit, may see himself compelled in a year
or two to sacrifice all to pay the purchase
money of lhe last. The people of Georgia
ought not to make this mistake. The recol
lectiun of misfortunes is still recent with them.
—Savannah Republican.
Steam os rtsa Pacific.—af. W. Potter, U.
3. Consul at Valparaiso, has addresied a letter
to the Baltimore Pa riot, calling the attention
of American capitalists te the expediency of
the immediate establishment of a line of steam
ers on Ute Pacific coast —with San Franciseo
end Valparaiso for the termini of the route —
touching at the intermediate pens of Callao
(in Peru,) Giiaqnil, (in Ecuador,) and Panama,
(in New Grenada,) to connect with another
hne between San Francisco, Canton and Ja
pan, byway of lhe Sandwich Islands. Hois
•clearly of opinion that, bad our people a
just conception ol the impetus and fast grow
ing importance given to the trace of the Pacif
ic sioea lhe discovery of gold in California we
should have aline of American steamers along
this coast, and across the ocean, in less than
twelve mouth•-” An English steam naviga
tion company has had tho monopoly of tne
coast tor the last ten years, but their charter
n< v recently expired, the Government that
iran ed H, plr. Pokier remark*, ‘ are now un«
TyihiD”' to renew it. cherishing the hope that
m. coULtrymers wul give tta fierce opposiuon
'.y cpeoiug the coa»t to free trad* and a fair
coDfipcl^^io:i• ,, Yiti* hue of En_i>s i mail
steuuiC'H, running from Vulparais ? to Pinama,
i.- ;a lhe receipt Irum the Government of
irt i B i i o, of $lO »/-iOO imnuaUy.
Girard Hoplwau—loh ° ne
;iin j et egtabji.’h <»en‘S lliul we love to see
’priojiug up around about, and in our midst.
has taken the iead in iho mamifac
tunog aad inechamcai in create, and dow here
ornes our ucigiibunog ciry, not a btone'a
truW ctT, toeui/ipt.e With us in honorable in
u-ry. Give us your hand, irieud Robbins,
tod be assured that we will cheer >ou on in
,©ur noble enterprise. We beve before
our lines and your rapes, and if they can be
xcened any where in the north, some man is
• -Icouie to “a shocking bad hat.” If your
A’v.'J is doubted, we cuir only refer to the ad
>erusetneui oi Mr. Rubbius, and lhe doub.er
da ruler huiieeif to the ropewalk iu Girard,
opposite lhe iactones on ibis aide.— Cclumbut
Enquirer,
RECOGSITiair OF THE LiBEKIAS REPUBLIC.—
<’ne Aauonai liitei.igeucer that a uolega-
<un from the Axne. .can Colon.Zdtion Society
• ailed upon the tion Daiati Webs er, and
g d bitu to tbe R public of Libe
a. ->L. Webster adore »ed the delegation at
m 3 h in favor of their proposition, and
< lorreo die tuiumiLiee to President t libnoie,
/(jo also spoke encouragingly of lhe propo 4
iucn.