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TH 4 4’l -"lx & || J Rij r St ilrl hl N ! I X I 0< U M t- M 4 t’l Vr t* H Hua < JOI ill W? I M I HPI Fl » M 4, % H. tkw 7 ?e! R,fe Rl I ! Bf , i BY WILLIAM S. JONES. Serins, fee. THE WEEKLY CHRONICLE ANDSENTINEL Is Published every Wednesday, AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM IN ADVANCE. TO CLUBS or INDIVIDUALS sending us Ten Dollars, SIX copies of the Paper will be sent for one year, thus furnishing the Paper at the rate of SIX COPIES FOR TEX DOLLARS. or a free copy to all who may procure us five eub- Mrlbers, and forward us the money. -■HE CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY, Are also published at this office, ano mailed to sub ■eribers at the following rates, viz.: Daily Paper, if sent by mail-••-37 per annum. Tri-Weskly Paper 4 “ “ I TERMS OF ADVERTISING. In Weekly. cents persquere (12 lines or less) for the first insertion, and Fifty cent or etch subsequent insertion. (gdiuation. COVINGTON FEMALE SEMINARY THE PRECEPTORIAL care of the above named Institution, has been conferred upon ibe subscriber, by the Trustees, for the year 1851. A large amount of money has been appropriated by the cvixens of and vicinity, for the erection of a Female CoUegeiu this place. A com modious and splendid edifice will be built, and all the apartments tastily and conveniently fitted out. It is confidently expected that the exercises of the Collegiate Jourse will commence in January, 1852, under an able and efficient faculty. The exercises of the Seminary will commence on the Th rteenth of JANUARY, 1851. Competent Assistants will be procured in the various depart ments. ■ • _ - v . ... The special jrf’joct of thie ScWl'r’-io instruct " > T.'|r” T »» th© rudiments, a* well as in tbe mors advanced stages of a good education. Follow ing the most approved systems of instruction, with nine years’ experience io teaching, the subscriber flatters h*niseif he can offer to his pupils advantages not surpassed io any School in the State. Particular attention will be paid to Reading. Spelling, Arithmetic, Geography, Grammar, History, Composition, Penmanship, Ac., as these constitute the foundation of a thorough and practical education. The course of Instruction pursued at this Semina ry !• liberal —embracing every particular necessary to improve the mind, form the manners, enlighten understanding and prepare tbe pupil to move Jinth ease, respectability and usefulness in any circle •I society or sphere of action. Much of the happiness of every family depend* on * proper cultivation of the female mind. To accom plish tbi* object, and in ev<ry respect to meet the wishes of parents and guardians, in relation to their youthful charge, no pains or expense will be spared. Tbe Principal will devote himself exclusively to tbe instruction and discipline of the School. He will eon-idcr hims If invested with a discretionary parental authority; constantly treating the S.udents with mildness and moderation, governing them by applying \,he more honorable and generous excite ■aenu tj/good conduct; but in cases which manifest wickedness and obstinacy of character, JFBcn all advisory measures sbail have proved inef fectual, he will then proceed to infi'ct such punish ment as may be deemed necessary to reclaim the pupil and sustain the character of the School. Parents and Guar Hans may be well assured that their children and wards will be accommodated with board on he most reasonable terms, and every at tention paid to their comfort and convenience. The price nf Tuition is reasonable, and in accord ance with the time*. The Pupils will be charged from the time of entering tbe School until the close of the term. AH dues must be paid at the close of oaeb term. Music, Wax-work. Drawing and Painting, will be taught i y skillful teachers, at reasonable prices. To persona at a distance it may be well to say —the locality is healthy and desirable ; the society plea sant and cultivated. For further information address the Principal. d3l w3m JAMES L. RANDLE, A. B. Kenesaw Female Seminary. A BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL, for Young Ladles— Marietta, Georgia. Rev. Tbomas F. Scott, Rector. The Twelfth Session will commence on MONDAY FEBRUARY 3, 1851. Gircu’art sent, on application to (ho Rector. HI4 w'S'n hotels. ROWLAND’S SPRINGS MNOT IXTKNDISG to engage again in pubtic buunes at ike Springs, I would lea-e them the present year, or for a term ot yt«.n; or I would sell t'«e Property on a credit to suit purch-isers. For health, c..ut* nit nee, and as a place of fahiunrble report, it has been too well known (or the last 5 yearn, to need a description. Fur terms, &c., application can bo made tr me at Cartersville, Ga. fo2bw4« JOHN S. ROWLAND. WALTON HOUSE, fix J USSR 11. ARNOLD, At Monroe, Halton County Georgia. ' _ fe6 if FRANKLIN HOTEL, BHOAO STREET, A’lguXa. Gi., * ffilfd one square above the Globe Hotel, on the fteudi side of Broad struct, nlO-wly D. B. RAMSEY, Proprietor. EAGLE HOTEL, MADISONVILLE. TENNESSEE. THE SUBSCRIBER takes pleasure ZM in returning hiathanks to hie friendsand the public, lor the very liberal patronage here- •**«*•** tofore extended to him. And liaving recently im proved and extended his buildings 6>. as to afford the beat accommodations to almuet any number of trav el ten and persons wishing boarding, he confidently expects an increase of public favor and patronage. Budding situated on second block south of the Public bquare-onG hundred and fifty foot long— rooms regularly laid oil* and well furnished. He is else well prepared to tnko the berf care of burses, Ac. Stable large and secure—careful and attentive ser vant*. In short, the greatest attention will be paid, and peins taken, to render ail comfortable who may call at the Eagle Hotel. JOSEPH R. RUDD. Madisonville, August 3, I'so. au3-wtl VICTORIA HOTEL, CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA. THE UNDERftIGNED, late of the |H|I Eagle A Pbmnix, Augusta, and Carolina Ho tel, Hamburg, respectfully announces to her friends, and the public generally, that she has leased the elecant and con.u»odious building, known as the VICTORIA HOTEL, where she will be happy to receive all wbo may favor her with their paircnage. The situation of the House renders it desirable to those visiting the city either on business or p'easure. No pains will be spared to render satisfaction to all who may call. An omnibus will always bo ready to receive passengers at the Rail Road or bu-ts. f.>2B w 4 E C. WEST. LIVERY STABLES, MADISON, GEORGIA. HARHALL A HARRIS -vfy- be g leave to announce to their friends in Madison and *3Mh Vre, J jfcr, ■ the travelling Public gene- M* .S” rally,'that they have opened the above STAHI.bS, and that they intend to keep as fine BUGGIFSand HORSES, ascan be found in anw Stables —witncareful drivers Citixens of Madisoir and strangers visiting Madison, by coming to us.wili always find ready accommodation, to go any where ' tfisv wi*h on reasonable term*. Mndison, Jan. 29 1850 I GROCERIES, GROCERIES. ’ THE SUBSCRIBERS are now re- ( ■MB ceivieg an extensive assortment of Heavy . ■MbMian<l Fancy GROCERIES, which they oiler tu ibe Planters, Merchants and Families of Geor gia, on the most advantageous terms. Their Stere is just above the principal Hotels, and they solicit 1 all purchasers visiting Augusta, to favor them with a call and examine their stock. Tnev now offer the (allowing Goods for sale low : 100 bales Gunny BAGGING, 250 coils | inch Kentucky ROPE, BQhhds. St. Croix, Porto Rico anti N.O. SUGAR 100 bbls. Stuart’acrushed, ground and yellow Do. 2511 hiuya Java, Rto and Laguira COFFEE, ,300 xegs NAILS,Peru bread, 20 tone Swedes IRU N, assorted sixes, JOO bbls. Canal FLOUR, of the Hiram Smith HL and ether choice brands, ba 100 boxes Sperm, Adamantine and Tallow CAN -lU.ES, M 0 000 SEG ARS of various qualities, ’iHQ boxes TOBACCO, of different brands, 3,000 sacks Liverpool SALT, In lino order. jh»d all other articles usually kept in the largest Grocery House#. ♦I&J. R. A W. M. DOW NOTICE. TO PERSONS WANTING HIGH PRES SURE STEAM ENGINES, OR MACHINERY OF ANY KIND. TIIK subscriber will furtrieb ENGINES, ot the following diameter of cylinder, *.nd length oi stroke, with a sufficient amount of boilers, at the fol lowing prices. Piameter of Length of Cylinder. Stroke. Power. Price. IS m. 72 in. 70 horse. 35.000 15 ia. 40 io. 45 - 3.500 12 in. 42 in. 25 •• 2 ‘2OO 12 in. 30 in. 20 2.050 10 »u. 36 m. 15 M 1,7(4) Win. 30 in. 12 “ 1,200 | 6 in. 15 in, 5 " TOO ! These Engines will ve finished iu good workman- | like manner. The above prices include Boiler- Force and Luling Pumps, Ac., delivered at Charles, ton or Savanaah. put up u complete running order, and warranted liw 6 months. Address, within 2 months, L. P. GARNER, Aguat, Warrentoa, Ga. Or at any time, \VM. DsHAVEN, Minersville, Pena. jatl-dlwA warn* SPRING HILL MACHINE SHOP. A FOR HVILVING AND REPAIRING A.Ukmds ofCOI DON AND WOOL Mt Glaring,af«tik.o.!,-Ti’KMNG iron, WOOD. *<■., ALSO, WOOL CARDED AND HATTED, »ix i .tatrom Aax<Mla,«i the Lauuvilk road,—her. lae proprietors will be grateful for allonter. —orthey CMbelefUtC. A A M. H. WILLIAMS S. Angus tv—orlireetedlo K.ctiu-.u.?. Factory P. O. 4SL-f HACK * DUVAL BACON. BACON. 20,000 p tH^’ee SH ° lLUER ’ ' SO QU) tbs. K’CJa HAMS, etwee. Just roc ■-.eJaud £« «u sy _ hand williams tea. SUPERIOR SEED CORN YNOH. SALK at JAS T. DOTH WELL’S star. 1? «s 9 ! WSBKLY CIIBOXIi’I.E AND SENTINEL Vcclrji. Per the Chronicle Sentinel. Lines on the D< mill nf a Pious Friend. The weary foui’e al rest— -3 hr* pilgrim’s lx.rec at last; 1 lie status cf .i e to him is husked— H’s sorrows all are past. Why should we enuro for dice — A spirit r b’d in light ; A seraph n?ar the dazzling Throne, Baling in gkry br glic? Methinks I hear thee say— “Fealh :j to me but gain; Not all the gilded toys of eat th Could tempt me back again.’ 1 Farewell, thou siinicd one, Tbou’rt in thy ISavionr’a breast; No threat’ning storms nor angry feed Can interrupt thy rest. Sweet in the tomb thy sleep, ’ Till Christ shall bid thee rise, And glorify thee with His saints, e And take thee to the skies. D. n Augusta, March 4, 1851. TAKE THE WORLD AS IT IS. _ Take the world as it is I there are good and bad in it, And good and bid will to from now to the end ; And they who expect to make saints in a minute, , Are in danger of marring more hearts than they’ll mend, If ye wish to be happy, ne’er seek for the faults, □r you’re sure to find something or other amiss; ’Mid much that debases, and much that exalts, The world’s uat a bad one, if left *3 it is I __ -.id as L • *^ rf ** e be ( Ne’er stir up the hiddeu befowl There’s wisdom in this/uut there’s none in repining O’er things which can rarely be mended, we know! There’s beauty around us, which let us enjoy ; And chide not, unless it may be with a kiss ; Though Earth’s not the Heaven we thought when a boy, There’s something to live for, if taken as it is. Take the world as it is! wi<h its smiles and its sorrow. Its love and its frie.-aship—its falsehood and truth ; Its schemes that depend on the breath of to-morrow ! Its hopes, which pass by like the dreams of our youth. Yet oh I whilst the light of affection may shine, The heart in itself bath a fountain of bliss! In the wur&t there's soar?’ -ark of a nature Divine, And the wisest and bast take the world as it is. Prom the Nashville Banner. CALL TO SPRING. Season of promise ! puma thy wing! Lose thy pinion, bright hued Spring! Scatter thy treasures once again, Give us flowers and dewy ruin. Bring to the pining sweet relief, Spread thy charm over pain and grief, Round each portal, oh kindly fling Some of thy beauties, cheering Spring 1 Hang a curtain of tender green, And twine a fresh and graceful screen About the simple, homely shed, Shading softly each care-worn head. Visit the prisoner in bis cell, Call to his mind his native dell, Where whistling like the forest birds, He followed blow bis faker’s herds. Speak totho rich of nature’s wealth, B mn’.eoui stores of life and health, Bid them freely dispense like thee, Winning a claim to joy and glee. To playful childhood haste and yield The soft, velvet field, Where chasing shadows as they fleet, They run and Ebout in chorus sweet. to the aged yet« nee more, Thrilling life, as in days of yore, Let thy breath, on tbe sighing air, Gently waive the silvery hafr. Come and expand the swelling bud, Trinklo within the pebbly flood, Open the potals to the bee, Everything is awaiting thee. l.ovely Spring I thou art welcome now, Thy soft, warm kiss ia < n my brow, I nos» with rapture as they pass, Thy gliding steps upon the glass. Though thou weirest a gauzy veil, Like hat which dteks thy sister pale, We kn w ’tis thou so brightly drest, With sweet b<quts upon thy breast. February 26th, 1851. /Eolia. From the LouisvVte Journal, THE WITHERED FIGTREE. BV MU* HABLAN. it stands upon the broad way-side, A lonely, bl'ghted fo.m ; Its leaves were r*.itt: red Grand wide Upon the rushing storm, Yet sprea Is its withcrei* boughs toward heaven As if imploring rain ; And when the coul.ag drops are given, They fail on it in vain. Ttsdrv roots from th* fertile ground No fre«henlo>' moisture drains ; No living stream away Lath found Along its sopleta veins. No verduo clothes its boughs so bare, When all things el.<e are green ; And when the earth widi flower* is lair, No there is seen. A thousand (ones arc gushing free, Freni proves an I fr rests round ; But from that lonely withered tree Thrills no melodious sound. The breeze that rive’s through the groves And d. Iticvwit'i the flowers, Breathing a j >y wheie e e it roves, Finds there no fragrant bowers. The lightning’s com.* hath never feased Along toscadte its n rm ; It perished nut i . the cold blast, Nor bowed bcr.euth the storm. Why bath it i.o enchanting bowers 7 Why no rich moisture drain 7 And wherefore do ths coolii g showers Descend on it in vain 7 Ths Saviour, weary and opprest, Sought fruit beneath it* shade, And when he fouud no kind repast He bade its branches fade. And still it stands the calm and storm, Tree to that mandate given, Bearing upon its blighted form The withering cur*o of Heaven. Oh may our souls take living root, Where life’s pure fountain flows, That we proJuce a righteous fruit From never withering boughs. MISmidMUH S II TERITUiE AND NEWS. Atlantic Waves— Their height, length, ife — Dr. Scoreaby, in two passages acrcss the Aliando, had excellent upp rtnnktes of making •bservattons on the magnitude, veloc ity and phenomena of the waves of the At- Untie. He found that during a severe gale, the mean heigh: of waves, including depress ion as well as altitude, was 30 feet, while some waves rose about 43 feet above the level of the I hollow in which the steamship (the Hibernia) I was at the moment of obiervation. The total < distance from one ofthese great waves passing i through the hollow occupied by the Hibernia t to the crest of the one next adjacent, a. erased ( about 600 foot. i Other observations proved that the waves , traversed a distance ot 71M.J feet in 16. J sec- | onds of time, which is rather more than 32) | English statute miles to’he hour. As to the forms of waves, their inequality, &c.. Dr. Seoresby says : “In respect to form, we have perpetual mo difications and varieties, from the circumstan ces of thu inequality of operation of the pow er by which the waves are formed. Were the wind perfectly uniform in direction and fores, and of sufficient continuance, we ought have in wide and deep seas waves of perfectly regular formation. But no such quality in the wind wrsr exis’s. It is perpe ually changing itsdirec’ion within certain limits, and its force too, both in the same place and in proximate quarters. Innumerable disturbing influen ces are therefore in operation, generating the varieties mors or less observable in natural sea waves ’ Dr. 8. adds, that w: sn the waves were high est. it was difficult to trace the sam> identical ridge for mors than a quarter to a third of a mile. Marriaok Extr*oruisart. —A portion es our citize n were not a little amused by a matrimonial affair that transpired under their notice wnhin our corporate limits a few days ago. A parry of three, a gentleman and two ladies, were seen riding into town, but sudden ly hatted el a point in the a reet hot little re mote from the Public Square The gentle man left the parly, and in a few moments might have been seen wending his way back i again in company of a respected clergyman of this place Upon arriving altbe spot, the iat ! ter was i:.formed as to the nature of the duties that were required of hitui where upon, the ladies dissouoting, one of them was prompt ly united to the hero of her choice, white the other stood by as witness to the compact. Tne parlies remounted forthwith and rode off, apparently much delighted with the perfor mance and with each other. There is some poetry in a maniage iu Nature's forest and by the silver light of the moot), but in the public . street arid at midday is something ‘new under ' the sun !” TEoshingtoa Gazelle The great bet- of St. Paul's, Loudon, weighs 8400—tits great belt of Lincoln. 9,534 pounds. Great Tom. in Christ’s Church, Oxford, the .« largest bell io England, weighs 17,000 potsds. .. The bell m the Palaz Vecchio, at Florence suspended 275 feet from the ground, weighs 17 000 pounds. The great bell of St. Petei's, at Rune, weighs 18 600 pounds. The bell at - Erfuth.2B 200—toe be I at Rouen. 43 000. But large ss are these bolts they shrink con i, siderab’y whrr compared with those of Rue sia. The br’l n the tower of St Ivan, Mos cow, weighs 1;-' OVO pounds; and the fallen great bell, which lies-r the foot of the same tower, weighs 443 *72 pounds ! Its height is over 91 feet and its diameter at the rim is 22 • feet. The metal in it has been calculated to bo worth about §3Ou.OUO. HOE’S MAMMOTH PRINTING PRESS. nr IltewLSJ jb! - ■ - .-'nWrg-aj .y;- Ji - - ~ chost PRINTS 20,G00 IMPRESSIONS AN HOUR. who IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING. From the N. Y Farmer A’ JUectantc. In the year 1435, in a Email, meanly con structed workshop in S rarburg, might have been been a humble unassuming German, bu sily and carefully < ccupied in patiently carving hundreds of mysterious looking little pieces oi some metallic sub-tance, which were prepared and laid aside with all the cure ar.d precaution that would have been observed in preserving the most precious treasure. This individual was John Guttenburg, the invector of move able types for printing, and it is a remarkable, and most intc re§;i tMJac’ th — -7 »i ws,s applied, < Hcly Bible. This was accomphshtfd at Mentz. between the years 1450 and 1455. Os the first printed Bible, eighteen copies are now known to be in exis tence, four of which are printed on vellum. Two of these are in Enghnd, one being in the Grenville collection. One is in the Roys! Li brary of Paris. Os the fourteen remaining copies, ten «ro in England—there being a copy in tho libraries of Oxford, Edinburgh and London, and seven in the collections of differ ent noblemen. This was the first successful attempt, and at that time considered the most astonishing tri umph of inventive genius in its application to the production of printed matter, and the rival and successor of Guttenburg, John Fust er Faust, all are aware, was believed to have formed an affinity with the pr new of darkness, for the wonderful facility uith which he could multiply printed copies by his ait. In 1469, thirty-five years as er this, the tenth printing press in Europe was established at Paris, and in 1471, the first press was estab lished in England. In our own country the first press whs set up in Cambridge, M is fc acini setts, in the year 1638, and as late as 1700 there were but four presses in all the colonies. The great improvements in printing, therefore, have mostly been of recent origin, the old system of hand presses havinj been kept up until comparatively a recent date. Although every age has been in some measure pro gressive, the last ten years has been most re markably characterized as tbe era of aston ishing inventions and startling discoveries, among which, one of the most masterly efforts | of mechanical skill, and human ingenuity, is the great printing press, just constructed for the New York Sun It is 40 feet in length, having eight printing cylinders, er eight places where the sheets arc drawn in tube printed There are likewise eight places where the sheets are discharged. The types are secured upon the outer surface of a large dr rm or cylinder, and as it revolves, the types at each revo ution gve eight impressions. Theshec:*, as fast astley are printed, arc caught by con trivances called ’•flyers,” and laid down even ly one upon the other. The machine is two stories in height, the second story being ap proached by visit rs and workmen by means < of flights of stairs, at each cad, and plat-forms i wi:h railings extended around. — » T»i« sigiit which this huge mi c rune presents Audub >n —”he Pnil id.Jphia Evening Bui letln Ul‘s the following interesting story of Mr Audubon’s first introduction to the world as an ornithologist. It Cirrics with i: a lesson to these wiseacre, generally ibrmiug the merfta through which such introductions an 1 to be procured, and by whom merit is moi' frequently suppressed than advanced, until acknowledged by the r-si of ihu world. T hey are a kind us Ccrb r=. wuognar all avenue* to the advancement <f.. un a- d intblfig nee. until the dour I* opened by a present of the golden cake, or by the influence of more po • tent Distlers. Ti i is bin an instance ofhiiti dreds winch may be adduced to show ths g rod j wni or intelligence of such competent judges, • whose oiJy is fluence is to destroy or condemn ; to temporary transportation, native genius or I talent. “Audubon states that he was forty-five years old before ho w • aware of being more than an i ordinary nun. lie then fell in at Philadelphia, with Charles Bonaparte who said to him ‘ Do you know Mr. Audnh n, that yon are a | very great man I ’ To which ha replied that , he did not, and a»ked what he ment 1 ' I con- ' sider you the greatest ornithologist in the world,’ was lhe answer. Bonaparte ihen took him in h.a carriage to the Lyceum of Natural ; ili«tory, and fusmTlly in ro> need him in a mo t complimentary speech. He was subsequently j proposed as a member of that body, and re jected. lie asked Charles B maporte next day what it meant. He replied, ‘Oh you : know too much for them—they are r.fraid c>f . you,and want to break you down You must j take your drawings tn Europe. Following this advice, Audubon w-ls receiv i ed with the greatest kindness, sr.d was enter taiued by the noble and learned with every at- • tention. He was Iso made a member of the i Royal Societies of London and Edinburgh. He says, when he returned to America, the Philadelphia Society, which had formerly • efu sed to admit him as a member, immediately forwarded him a diploma, with a highly com plimentary letter. The diflicukies he had to contend with were very great, and of va rious kind*; but. to use his own words, *• I up my mind to meet them.” He told me that to publish his groat work cost him one hundred and thirty thousand dollar*, which he earned as he went along. In England he was constantly applied to to write short articles for the periodicals. Frequently, after painting all day, he weu’d sit down at nigh, and write a page or two, for which next day he would receive eight or ten guineas I once asked him how he acquired his facility of composition. Ho said he sup posed it came from keeping a regular journal, which he had done from the age of seventeen vears, putting down all the occurrences of tho day, with whatever observat ons he thought proper. It was thus he thought a man should educate himself. Look at tacts and truths tor yourself, he would say, meditate and reasan (hence. Recent Astkonomv.—ln Professor Loo mis’s work on this subject, the people will . . . .: I* J find a great amount of interesting knowledge. One etetion of this his ory treats of the motion ; of the sun and fixed stars in the great celes tial sphere. Though we speak of the sun as the centre of the planets and comets or the solar system, analogy would lead to the prob able motion of the sun and his attendant bod ies around its common centre. .Astronomers have, for a considerable time, more than ex pected this to be tho fact. The fixed stars retain ' tho same relative po sition from age to age but so minute and accurate have the obtervatious become by rea son ol the improved instruments of astrono- i mica! research, that a “relative motion in a larger number” of the stars has been ceitain. t This motion isle be accounted for to a great i extent by the real motion of itie centre ol* the solar system- It has been noticed ihatthestars in one part of the heavens are slowly ap preaching each other, while on ths opposite part, tho stars are recediag I rom each other. This must result from the real moti >n of the centre of our system, from the former and to wards the latter. As early as 1783, Herschel! computed the point towards which our sun is now moving, to be in the constellation of Hercules. O bers have eome to tne same re sult. The mean of various results place this point iu right ascension about 256° and in dec filiation 35° Later computations render it probable that the motion ot the sun is in a huge curve, tn which its ve ociiy may be 17 000 miles an hour. So minnio and extensive have been the ob servations on the fixed stars. that astronomers have aimed at computed results which tran cend inconceivably ail the anticipations of for mer times Newton himself would be amazed at the present scale of astronomy- Prof. .Ma rler, of the Dorpal Observatory, has even calculated the proc able Centre of the uu verse around which our system is revolving Thisce Ire •mus'. be found tn the cirennLer ei.ee of a great c.-de whose pole is teat point towards which the sun s mov: g ’ Tins is very obv ous on a moiuent s con- .1 r>- uon, and that point has adv been mention ed. Tne pole just not.eed ism the vicinity el me Pleiades, or sevcu a*nrs, a most re ma lia ble and beautiful chis er ; and MaJler propos es Alcymo . m that cluster, the most prominent of the Pleiades as the centre through wts?ch our suu is revolving, and calls it the centra', sun of megrest system. Tnis ia partially corroborated by ttie tact that the most palpable and greater of the rea motions of rhe tixed stars, sre found in a • great circle descried abont the Pleiades as a pole " the very place where such most oc cur. TheastotiswiiiS wonders are now to come_ For Prof. Hadler computes the distance vs Alcyone to be “thirty four mil'iun? cf times lhai of the SUU (from the earth,) requiring 537 years lords light te come to us a* tae rate of ■&O.MO miles a second, or -twelve miluoos of mi.es per minute. ’ It thia be so “the period ic ume of liie sun. (and of our syetetn) about i Alcyone.w es'.ima.ed at e.gnteen millions of > sesus > ' For enlargement of human conceptions, this > is magnificent enough. Should it not ail prove to be an approximation to the truth, me iJi «»j>traiun, o uijes proper u«.-tc» ipuuij Tiro sheets flying in and out with lig.inini rapidity, the buzz of wheels, the clink c fj. springs, the lumping of arm*, and the move e ment of hundreds ot'other parts, give it tb< 1 . .appearance of instinctive life. In case of ac g cident, it is but the work of a mitiuie to *e< the machine in motion, printing with but one j or more cylinders. In front of the machine ij there is a counting apparatus, affixed, so ar g ranged a.sto register, in plain figures before j the eye, every impression taken, adding up the j. same as fast as printed. The number of i, sheets printed, from one copy tn J o*! instantly W(|l J at any l t I U«w*/ifay or night, by looking at the register. s In the construction of this press, there are 8 employed no less than six thousand bolls and screw?, one thousand two hundred wheels, two hundred and two wooden rollers, four hun dred pullies, four hundred tape guides, besides , an amazing amount of cogged wheels, arms, . braces, and other connections There are r I also required to give motion to the various , parts of the machine no less than five hundred I yards of belting. The number of men em ployed in working this machine is as follows: ore foreman, three assistant foremen, eight t feeders, two boys, two engineers—in all six teen persons. By the aid ot these individuals, the inventor says, Hie machine performs in one hour an amount of labor, to accomplish which, by the old mode, would have required the employment of six thousand men. Such is this wonderful machine, alike won derlul in its operations, and in its effects cal culated to exert an almost superhuman influ ence over the mind, for which we are indebted to our ingenious and estimable fellow citizen, Richard M. Hoc, Esq., to whom more than perhaps any other individual, the world is in debted for the facilities of speedy interchange of thought and the transmission of knowledge through tbe press. With the venerab'e sage who taught us to control in its destructive course, the lightning at our will, —the distin guished ariist, by whose discoveries we are pn ibled to employ the sunbeam as a pencil of ligb’, and the cloud at a shadow, —or those whose late dheoveriea have cnnahled us to compel at our bidding the fierce electric mes senger, with speed of Lght to do our will, — I we honor the inventor of this mighty engine, I capable r fimpres«ing with “breathing thought,” ' 2d,OUU sheets of mammoth dimensions per hour. And as the last gift of the genius of me inventor to the public, we had this most noble and beautiful production of modern art, capable of complete y revolutionising the world. Improvements like thij have accomplished far more than was even claimed for all the fabled genii of eastern legends, and the world with *uch productions for intelligence and skill can never again retrogade into darkness and error. The first printed edition of the bible cost five years of nnremitting toil in I the printing alone, now, one minute is sufficient to furnish acutnplete copy of the Sacred Word. Such are the improvement* of thu Nineteenth • . * Century ! world will see in it the heavings and aspirations of the a%:ronoin:cal spirit. The revolution of (he plane s round (he stin. c.-.paci.i’ly of i\ep tuno at t! u distance of 3009 millions of miles in 161 years, involves a stretch of thought that makes (he brain whirl; butthatthe sun car ries with him all the planets and c«me.u urotind anothnr centre at a dmtance ami time utterly in conceivable, who cun stand that ! Cotton Spindles In Great Britain. Manchester. Jin. 31. 1951.—0ur trade re- I port of the Ist uit. contained a table of the ex poriitof textile tabnes in the past year com- ' pared wit and wo have how tho plea | ware of adding s -me further statistics which. I boar upon the cott .n trad.?. ■ Thojuj of our(>i'»n<ta wbo hive received onr trade report for some, years nW, are perhaps aware that wo hare—in the absence of nl| re ! cert statistical records on the t«ubj* ct—endea ; vored to arrive at the extent ofthe cotton man ufacturing power of thia country by cbllec'ing i ; the number of s- indies direct from the trade. [ |We publish the result vs these returns at dis- ' ; fert nt limos, end in our trade report of the Lt jof April, IM6, we estimated the number of ' spindles in Great Britain nt 17,500 0(P) for ' 1845 We have great pleasure in being able I to give to day, the first Government return on i this important subject, and (o add, that our | ; estimate for 1845 ha< been fully bornv out by J j the funner. The number of sp ndies, sine.* ’ added, being quite accounted for by the yearly I l increase which has taku:i place in the ruauu- I ; factoring power up th the present time. The rapid increase in spinning will be ap- ! ' parent from the following: In 1929 tho number of mule spindles used in the Colton m inufaeture of England was estimated by our i’riotd Mr. John Kenne ly, at---- 7,000,000 11 1832, according to Mr. Bains nod others. 9,000,000 “ 1H45, our estimate 17,500,000 “ 1850, according to a Government re- turn just published 20,977,017 The following table shows at a glance, the I i quantity of cotton taken by the trade annually i for the last twenty years; we hava reduced ' (ho deliveries into trade annually for the last, twenty years; we have reduced the deliveries 1 into yarn at the present average weekly pro- i duction per spindle, and hive taken No- 4O’» . mule yarn (a much higher .\o. than the pre sent average prod jetion) as our standard of calculation, in otder to show that tho present | spinning power is fully adequate, to reduce tho largest annual supply of cotton we have as , yet received, into fine numbers of yarns, if re- j : qaired:— fable showing the Annual Deliveries of Colton of | The Trade of Great Britain, and the number to : Spindle* required to render such quantities into No. 40’s Mule Twist. Deliveries. Spindles. 1 Years. 1 ba. of Cotton. required. ! I 1531262 709,000 8,0’3 075 I lgi2 276 900,0608.5k0,u00 1933 2?7,000,000 8,8 J 0,769 ’ 1834303,400(00 9,335 384! 1835318,100 000 9 787.69-2 ! 1 18J6 347.400,660 10,fib9 230 I 1837365,700 Out)11 252,307 I 1839416,700.00012,821,537 , 1839381,700,00012,744.hi4 I i 1940453&00 00014,130.000 I IBlt 438,100.109 13.4-0 OW) 1842433,100.000 13 387.69-’ I 18435 7,K’000015,932.307 i i l-4»544,000,(4)016,738.460 I 1845606 600 00018.664.614 | 1846614 300,00918,901.537 1847441 409 00013,561.53? 1849576.600.U0 J 17.741,537 , 1-41 629 9W,00019.38i.5i7 f 1850584,200 0.017,'.<75,384 ( Uu I'oy 4’ Co'a Circular, j Fine Arms.—Au official communication ‘ from the s?ecret-iry of War, laid before the Senate on Tuesday, exnibiw the number of nftes and pistols belonging to the ; Uuiied Slates armories, arsenals, and ordnance depots, together with an estimate of the num I bbt which the material now ou hand would complete. The statement shows th) whole number as follow# : W hold number of tuuskeU lit for service es every • ’ No über unserviceable . Whole Mtabercf rifles of every kind6l,B9! Number of unserviceable9,l66 I Whole number of pistols of every Jeecrip- , tijQ 25.371 Number unserviceablel,9ls The estimate is that the materials on hand w :' -serve to complete 26 300 muskets and 4 - ! 200 rdics. i I A Rkmarkailk Iscidbxt.—The Warren ton (Va ) Whig mvs that in the upper part 1 of that county, several days since, a wife gave birth to two children—making six in • lose ih :n three years. She his been married hut seven years, and has ten children—live of wh.ch cannot wnk. • [ - » Printing Prkss.—Mr. Georre Brttce. of New York offers a pre mum of 000 to (he first inventor who shail construct and submit I a press which will throw of 500 large i mperial s-her s hour, aud can be • • ■■ t _ _ . built and sold for SSOO Bed Bug?.—There is a long article in the Va’iivy Farmer, by which it is Established ba voad quasai a ibit sweet oil occasionally rub bed over bedsteads, chairboards. &e, will etVectuihy prevent the appearance of bed b is? We ibruk it unnecessary t » publish the evidiuce of the efficiency of this cheap and agreeable preventive o.' the nu;.«itfjce in ques tion. Toe reader will take our word ; (hat is conclusive. Census es Setui Carolina.— In onr colainns this tneriuug. will be found an official state ment of d»e Censes of this Sla e. furnished by < Col. Coady. tae U S. District Marshal It will be seen mat the population of Charleston has increased four thousand two hundred and thirty two. since ’h? Census of I*4o. Tae in crease of population of the State far the last - tea years, compared with mat of the prevou i ten vears shows an increase of over 46.000. , . CMariMtn Cnntr. AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH 12. 1851. chose to turn bis jekes against the old man, who was waiting while h’* neighbor, Michiei, was preparing something for his old Mary, u. After many silly observations upon bi* long >g white beard, he offered a wager of twelve of louis d’or. that none of the ladies wou'd kiss e- the old fellow. Tho lUwsian Prince’s hearing ie these words, made a sign t« her attendant c- who brought her a salver. The Princess put 2t twelve louis d’or on it, and had it carried to e the Marquis, who, of coarse, could not de e cline to add twelve others Then the fair r Russian went up to the old peasant and said, e “Permit me, venerable fitbor, to salute you e after the fashion of my c nntry.” Saying tbit, ‘f bhe embraced him, au * Im«b » k;as. Sb* i • J friren presented him with the gold which was f on the salver, with the words; “Take this as a remembrance of me, and as a proof that the e Russian girls think it their duty to honor old J age.— SlaUFs Little Princeu. j j -i Naw Orleans and New York Steamships s ' —The new ocean steamers “Union” and i, i “Winfield Scott,” intended to form a regular 3 line between New York and New Orleans, * I ate nearly ready for sea. The former is 1500 1 tons burthen—she m?.de a trial trip on Satur . I day, which is represented os having been very : sati-factory. The W. S. is now receiving* I t her machinery. Her dimensions are. 230 feet - on?, on deck. 35 feet beam, 22 feet hold, and f 2,150 tons, carpenter’s measurement. Thu i ate. r state rooms aro fitted with a patent pen i datum berth, which atsea always remains in a | horizontal position, but can, at the option of 1 the occupier, be detached from the pendulum and allowed to move with the ship This is . said to be the greatest improvement yet intro duced in o a steamer or sailing vessel. 1— The Slave Trade.—We regret to see that I j this ahominab e trafic is still actively carried i ion between the Coast of Africa and Cuba. A t recent arrival from Cvrdenas reports that a cargo 0f420 African slaves was landed a short < lime since from a schooner a few miles from that port, and a correspondent of the N. Y. » Express, writing from Mayaguez, P. R.» under j date of the 21st ult states that a brig from the I coast of Africa, with 212 miserable beings, ] huddled together like so many swine in her hoM, touched there on the 7ih, and the same evening sailed fcr the north coast of Cuba, f where she no doubt discharged her cargo.— j Baltimore American A prospectus nag been issued in Germany, ’ . for the establishment of a line of steamers be i tween Rotterdam and the United Slates. The proposed capital is fixed of 1.200,000 guilders, 1 divided into 120 shares. The Company is stvledfie - R erdam American Steam Navi- t gaiiun Company.” — ( During the month of February nearly ten t thousand immigrants arrived at the port of 1 New York, much the largest portion of whom were from Ireland. ( Cheap Postage Bill.—The Cheap Post- 1 age bill has become a law. Except in regard to t e hr e coin ,g 5, it dues not go into operatio i until the Ist July next. It reduces ‘ the average rate of postage b -th upon letters and newspapers, nearly one half. Toe follow ing ache-Hl* vhnws the ra’e ■ou newspapers | under tho new aw, compared with the old. NKWSPAPiiaB PB« QU A RTE tl. j-eini- Hi- mure than Mile*. weekly, weekly, weekly. Tri-wekly. i Under6o(new bu1)...5 ci». 10 15 25 t Present ratel2 24 bti 49 « Over 50 —under JOO. .10 20 30 50 Present ralel3 36 51 10S I Over 300, under 1000.15 35 45 75 t Present ratelS 3»5 54 109 Over 1000, under 2000.20 40 60 100 Present ralelß 36 54 HIS I Over 2000, under 4000.25 IX) 75 125 e Present ra1e.......18 36 51 108 . Over 400030 60 90 250 Present ratelß 36 54 K 6 All weekly papers free within tho county 1 whero they are published. Papers of loss than ’ li ounce, halt these rates, and pnpers not over j 300 «quare inches, o.nefou&h The rates on monthly and eenri-monihly { newspapers the same, in proportion (o the number of Rhee's issued, a* on weekly papers. The new rale on letters not exceeding half an ounce, is three cents prepaid, or five cents « ■ if not prepaid, for all distances unler three ; thousand miles. Over three thousand miies, t double those rates. 1 ; The sections authorising the coinage of a < ' three cent piece, is retained. I The Southekn Pkes< ’ —Speaking of this < i journal, the Baiiiraoro Clipper says: * “In short, we look upon the Southern , Press as a fire brant! thrown into (he South to ( : devastate her fair treltfa. and tu kinnio strife j j and bloodshed.” We beg the Clipper not to , ibe the least uneasy as to the effect of the ( i course of the Southern Press upon the vvel « | fare and happiness of (he South. It is true j I that the Southern Press ha I its origin in the ; desire* of certain incendiaries who w.shed to , ■ kindle the 11 ame of civil commolion but, as unfortunately for them as luckily for the conn , try, the editor whom they placed in charge of it has only succeeded in making mimself ano , bis cause supremely ridiculous If we have ' I a paper among our exchanges which more 1 than any other abounds with bold assertions and lame and impotent conclusions, it is this 1 I Southern Press. So far freni kindling the 1 flame ot civil war, there is not fire enough in 1 j the Southern Press to light a cigar.” United States Mint.—The Pniladelphia American of Tuesday says: The total coin age during (be month of February al the i Philadelphia Mint, was $5,115,353. against $2 705,193.40 in January,showing an increase of $2,410,164.60, or near 90 percent. Bv the middle es the present month it isconfi ; den ly expected that all deposited, upon tho ! ascertainment of their value, will be paid promptly, even should they reach to six or seven millions a month. Cotton,—Our Telegraphic dispatch shows another tumble of prices in the Liverpool market. A panic has struck cotton, and ‘no mistake.’ That it is a panic and nothing els*, we fully believe. Tne werld at peace, money and credit easy, manufacturing prosperous, and the raw mantorial *c«rce, there is not a solitary sound reason says the Columbus Times, for the decline of 3 or 4 cents within ‘ the past six weeks No one we believe, ex : eept Mr. Gwathruey estimates the cr >p over ' 2,200 090 bales, lie sticks to his extravagaa ' figures. And be he a (rueor false prophet, he haw the ruin of hundreds of families to an swer for. When the world gets over its fright, when the English have dipped pretty deeply j into the maiket, and reason and facts resume ! '.her legitimate sway over the minds of men. prices wid halt in their downward tendency >.nd reac'. They may go still lower before this happens; for when confidence is lost (here is no telling to what fizure it will drop. But | the pendulum must swing hack with the same j force and momentum with which it swings i forward. Meantime, planters who are not ’ obhged to sell, had better no; increase the pan ic by forcing their crops on the market. The Cotto* Crop.—The New Orleans flee of the let iasi., in its report of the market, makes the following remarks: *’ ‘•Many hollers have, however, withdrawn i their stocks altogether, feeling confident that at ' a later period, prices will materially recover ! from (heir present position. “Thus far, tha long crop men have gained a decided victory, achieved to be sure at the -acrifi ie of truth and veracity, bat when did a Cotton operator ever take’such trifles into jODsideratioD. The mischief has been acconj plished, ano will be remedied joet in time to iind-hat we have parted with <he bulk of the crop to our Transada die Brethren at remu nerating prices—to themselves.** Mortality ov Shipboard.—Since Satur day iheship Shannon, from Liverpool, has ar rived, With 350 »:etrage passengers. Forty diedontho voyage, nearly thiry were sent to ’he quarantine hospi-al. Tnis is a iaree proportion. Ibe Princeton, from Liverpool, arrived with 441 passengers; the Guy Man- enng. C with 771 ; and (he haac Wright with 460. Tnese ships, although carrying -uch a large number of passengers, had bat utile sickness • during their voyages. The America arrived th:s morning with 493, and reports to n deaths on the passage. The Isaac VV riga. htxJ not a MDiiecase of sickness. Captain Furber de serves praise for his striciuess and guod ajaa* 5 agement. Each morning the steerage was tteorvuguiy cleansed, and not a drop ot water was given out until the mate reported that i every thing was in good order. N. 1. Com* 1 Adrertk>er. ) Judicial Npaachmest. — in? lion. V. E. Howard, of Texas, has presented to the House $ of Representatives a petition from Wm. Alex ander, a citizen and member of the bar of the State of Texas, charging the Hon. John C. 8 Watrous, District Judge of the United States • for the said State, with various cffences and k misdemeanors, and asking Congress to insti -1 ! ute an invesdsatioii, and prosecu'.e the said » Watrous by im esch-nent. The charges pre -1 ferred against Judje ’’ atroux are, that he his. I contrary to law, been ensaeed >n tr.e sa e. por- II chase aud transfer of frauduient land ctr dt • l ’ cates to a large amount; that he has. since his “ appointment, engaged in the practice or law. ‘ dtC. Honor old Aoe.~ The old man am the Princess — There were once as sembled, in Doctor Michael Schup pack’s laboratory, a greamany distin guished persons, some to conauli h’m, u’ld pome out o f curiosity: among them were many French ladies and gentleman, a Russian prince, with his daughter, whoso sin gular I ‘ inly attracted genoral at tention. A young French Marquis ath’tnp-ed for the amusement of the ladies, to display hi s w j[ on the mi roculeu.B doctor; but the latter, though not acquaintedwiih the French hiugb ige, answer cd so cleverly that the Marquis had not the lau.'.’h on his hide- D »ring the converxa ion, there entered Hiiold | easitu. rnnanly dressed, wi h a snow-white beard, a neighbor of Schuppuch*ti. The doctor directly turned away from his great company, to his old neighbor, and hearing thu bis wde was •!!, set about preparing the medicine for her, wiihuut paying much attention te b’s more exalted guests, whose business he did not think so pressing. Tho Marquis was now deprived of one sutj••clofhis wit, and therefore CONGRESS. J- =7: ———. r—- - - 'it PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESS Corretpandctice vs Ike Haltimurc American. I, n IN SENATE March 1. •- Mr. Peasce wove > and after debate, tho ■- bill abolishing what is known tie constructive !s mileage, was taken up and after some remarks 0 by Messrs. Pearce and Clay in its favor, itwas '■ passed. > Mr. Badger then moved that the bill making 11 the approiia'ions for rivers and harbors be I taken up and all other business be postponed II Mr. Hunter earnest'y hoped the civil and '> diplomatic bill would be taken up and finish- > ed. > The motion was debated for some time, ! when Mr. Turney moved the motion to take ’ up the bill, be laid on the table. Lost, yeas > j 23 ; nays 30. f j Tho debata was than continued, and finally r ! the bill was taken up—yoas 31, nays 25. 1 ! Mr. Davis, of Massachusetts explained the > I bill Mr Clemens moved an amendment. A long debate ensued, not upon the amend ment bur on iha hill. mem nut on ma onl. At 4 o’clock the Sena e took a recess til! 6 Evening Session.— At six o’clock the Senate re-assetobh’d. The Chair, by consent, laid several execu tive communications before th® Senate. Mr. Foote obtained leave to present a reso lution calling f»r the correspondence between the United States and Turkey, relative to Kossuth and his companions. Laid over. The Army Bill was referred. The joint resolution for the relief of Thos. Ritchie was read a first time, and Mr. Turney objected to the second reading. Laid over. The resolution making land warrants i ap/gnabhi was about io be put on its passage, -when Mr. Walker objected. Mr. Clemens moved to lay the river and har bor bill on the table. Lost —18 yeas, 30 nays. The river and harbor bill was then resumed, and the debate continued, interrupted occa sionally bv points of order, &c , till eight o’- clock, when Mr. Clemens’ amendment was adopted. Mr. Hamlin then moved to strike out the appropriation of $50,000 each for the Illinois and Tennessee rivers. Tne debate was resum ed till nine o’clock, when Mr. Downs moved the bill be laid on the table. Lost—23 yeas, 34 t uays. The debate was continued till eleven o’clock, when the amendment was rejected. After further debate other amendmauts were reject ed. Another motion to lay the bill on the table was rejected, and motions to adjourn, made at br>ef intervals, w.*re also rejected, the nega live vote averaging3o. Mr. Mangum, at half-past eleven, moved to lay the bill on the table for a few minutes, to enable him to lay a resolution on the table sus pending the rule which prevents a bill from being read twice in one day. The motion was agreed to; th * resolution laid on the tab'e. and then he moved to fthe up the bill again. After debate, the bill was again taken up. Sev eral motions to adjourn wero made and lost. At twelve o’clock, Mr. Cass >aid the Sab bath had arrived, and he moved the Senate ad journ ; and then, amidst much confusion, the Senate adjourned till Monday at 11 o’clock yeas 29, nays 25. HOUSE. Evening Session Friday, Feb. 28 —The roil having been called, as usual, and one hundred and forty members answering to their names, the bill was called up appropriating ten millions of acres of land to be act apart for the benefit of ’he insane. It was then moved to lay the bill on the table, which was negatived—yeas 63, nays 100. The yeas and nays w ire then ordered, and resulted in a vote of yea* 84, nays 91 A motion was then ma.de that tho House re solve itself into a committee of the whole, tor the purpose of raking up the private calendar Yeas 62, nays 109. The Home resolved itself into a committee of the whole on >he stale of the Uoion, and took up the navy bill. Mr. Meade, of Virginia, entered at length into a consideration of the question of steam ers to te employed in carrying mails in time of peace, and to be converted into vessels of war. shout i hostilities arise between tho Uni ted Statesand t* foreign notion; to which plan he gives a cord’nl support. He then investi gated the scheme proposed by Mr. Thompson, to bail 1 steamers by means of stock issued by government, of which he highly approved ; and gave it as his opinion, that the plan con templated would bj more advantageous to the government than that which has been adapted with refercnceio the lines already in existence Saturday. March 1 —After my telegraphic re 1 port was eent otf last evening, Mr. Julian again submitted his resolution, relative io the charges made against the Secretary of State, and call ing for a committee of inqii y ; he moved that the rule* be suspended in order that the senpo of the House might be taken; and called for the ayes and nays. It being then 10 o’clock. : further action wua .jmsp'Aßde ing, when the ayes and nays wWd taken, and but3s voted for the proposed Inquiry and 119 against it. The Hou«e then resolved itself into a com tn’ttee of the whole on the State of the Union. • Mr. Vcrahle, of North Csroliua, alluded to the depressed financial condition of the country with a public debt of eighty million*, and the circumstance of being compelled to resort to a loan to meet the interest of that debt; and con tended that tho profligate expenditures which Congres? is sanctioning, will entail a debt upon the people of this country which will call down upon the present public men of the nation universal execration. Ho then went into the history of the encouragement of mail-steamers as such, an i it being decided that Congress could n t establish mail lines beyond the terri tory of tha United States, the cry was raised in favor of building our steamers to boused as such in cases of hostili'.y ; and concluded by ..U ... j , . .... , , cutnmenling on tun absurdity of calling vessels war-tenners, which do notcarryagun and may never be required to act &8 such. Mr. McMullin, of Virginia, expressed his dissent from the views that were entertained by his colleague Mr. Meade. The hour having arrived at which the de bate must close under the rule of the House, an amendment was moved to strike out tho first appropriation, and was lost- The committee then proceeded with other appropriations, miking lit'le alterations Among he chu a es was one granting to Prof. Erpv, $lO 000 for his ventilator, which was strack out. There were a number of other amendments proposed which the chairman declared could 1 not be put, as they had not the sanction of law. The hour for taking a recess having arrived, tho committee adjourned till six o'clock. Evening Smion — The committee resumed the consideration of the Navy bill, at 6 o’clock, after which a discussion commenced on the appropriation tor a dry dock at tian Francis co, which lasted till Bs. when Mr Bajly mov ed t? e committee rice, for the purpose of ob- 1 mining a suspense a of the five minutes’ rale which was adopted, and the committee pro ceeded wi:h the bill. Various amendments were proposed, and finally a vote was carried to appropriate $150,- 000 (or the building of a floating dock at tian Francit-co.instend of the dry dock as original ly intended. The application for additional aid to the Collins I Fie, embodied iu an amendment to that ♦•ffset, was ruled out of order by the Chairman, as was the amendment providing for the establishment of the Ebony line. The committee having got through with the bill the Chairman reported it to the House, and it was agreed to, as amended. A motion failed that was here made by Mr. Bayly, to go in o committee of the whole on the aiato of the Union. Mr. Putter, from the Post Office committee, then made a report on the ainandraenis pro posed by the Senate, and recommended that they be agreed to as mod fied, and which it was understood would be acceptable to the Senate. The amendments having been read, Mr. Pot er explained very fully the opera’ion of the amendments, which make the postage on newspapers published monthly and semi weekly one-fourth and one half of that on weekly papers ; and regulate the postage on new?papers and periodicals according to dis tance, commencing on the latter at one cent per ounce □ rider 500 miles, and hung the rates on lefers at three cents when prepaid, and five cents when not prepaid. The amended bill in fact became the Sen ate's and as such Mr Joi.es, of Tennessee, called f*r the reading of the entire document, although it was nearly 12 o’clock 1 can scarce ly be irve the object was tv defeat the measure ofch-np post but fit were, a diametrically opposite result was produced by the delay, and the bill ukimately passed almost unanimously, and as it w«ra oy acclamation. It was then moved to adjourn; tellers were appointed, and, a: haif-pnst twelve at night, the Hoose having encroached upon Sunday, an adjournment was carried amid much confa sion ; the first Sabbat! of March having been ushered in as that in nth is represented as oc curring in the n atural world— • like a lion ” the roar of which mignt well be compared to the uproar in the House. IN SENATE March 3. Mr. Bright moved to fake up Mr. Mmgnm’s resolution suspending the rule which forbids a bill being read twice on one day. Mi. Clay moved to lay the motion ontho ta ble, which was agreed iu—jets 28, nays 18. Mr. Clay moved to lake up the river and harbor bill. He appeiled to the minority not to defeat another bills by delaying this; there was a ciear majority in favor of passing this bill. .Mr. Hunter replied, urging the priority of the appropriation bihs He justified the oppo nents of the hili in resisting it. Mr. Foote opoosedhasty legislation, and said the responsibility of defeating the appropria tion bills would res’, on the head of the admin- I istration After further oebate, the bill was taken up , —yeas3o, nays 24. Amendments for the 'tr. provement of the Il linois, T n'essee and Pensacola river., were ? i moved, debated and rejected. I Various other amendments were proposed | and rejected. Mr. Hunter, at two o'clock, moved to lay the bill ou the cable. Lost. Yeas 23, nays 30. Mr Foote said that if no positive assurance was given that the President would convene the Seriate for executive business, he would move to postpone this bill. The motion was rejected—yeas 23. nays 32. Mr. Bradbury moved an amendment restrict , ing the expenditures of these appropriations , till there was a surplus in tho -reasury. Deba i ted and rejected Mr. Cass renewed the amendment with a modification that the money hereby appropri ated shall only be taken from such sum us may remain in the treasury, after deducting there from money already, or which may be, appro priated to pay the expenses ol tho govern ment. A long debate ensued, in which Messrs. Ewing and Css, had some sparring, and then dm amendment was rejected—yeas 29, nays Mr. Foote then moved the Trill be postponed till 6 o'clock. Lost—yea, 23. nays 32. Mr. Butler moved the Senate take a recess till 6 o’clock. The chair decided the motion to be out of i order write the bill was pending. Mr. Butler appealed; and the decision of I the chair was sustained. j Mr. Yulee offered an amendment providing 0 that the appropriations made by the bill should not bo carried into execution till the public debt was paid. Lost —ayes 19. noea 31. 1 Mr. Foote renewed the amendment in a mo dified form. Lost. Adjourned. ' HOUSE. Mr. Bayley mo zed that the rules of the Houso be suspended to enable the committee of ways and means and other committees to report at any time during the remainder of the session. Hethen moved that the House ' resolve itself into a committee of the whole on the state of the Union. ’ The House having resolved itself into com mittee, the Post office appropriation bill was taken up, and all debate being precluded by a vote of the House, the amendments of the Senate were disposed es agreeably te the re commendations of the committee of ways and meaus. The committee then rose and the bill was re ported and parsed. The house again went into committee on the state of the Union, when the light house bill came up for consideration, during which Mr. Evans, of Maryland, spoke at length on the subject, condemning as we understood him, the present system. It would be impossible, however, to give even a brief summary of his views, owing to the noise in the hall, over which his piercing voice could only occasion* ally be heard. Mr. Stanley, of North Carolina moved that tho committee rise, in order that a reso lution might be passed preventing further da bate. The committee rose, a vote to that effect was passed, and the bill, as amended, having been agreed to, the House resumed, and it was finally passed. The Resolutions were read, requiring the Secretary of War to make Reports to the next Congress relative to the state of tho fortifica t’ons generally. The bill providing compensation to mem bers of beth Houses of Congress was then taken up, and the amendments proposed by the Senate were agreed to. An act to limit the liabilities of ship-owners was then reported. Mr. McLane briefly ex plained the object of the Bill. A moition was made to lay it upon the table, which was neg atived after the yeas and nays were taken, and ihe Bill was eventnallypassed. An act relative to lands in California was then read and passed, after an ineffectual at tempt to obtain the yeas and nays. The joint resolution authorising the Presi den of the United States to place a ship of war at the disposal at Kossuth and other Hun garian insurgents was taken up, and a motion was made to suspend the rules that the eened of the House might be t iken on its passage. Tho ayes and nays were ordered and the result was 127, affirmative, 42 negative. The previous question being carried, the main question was put. A motion was made and negatived to lay tho joint resolution on the table, and it was finally passed. It was then moved to suspend the rules, for the purpose of taking into consideration a bill, having for its object the appropriation of certain public lands for the maintenance of in digent insane persons. Upon the motion to suspend the rules, the yes and nays were taken. JOB —68. There not being two-thirds of the House voting in the affirmative, the motion was negatived. It was then moved to suspend tho rules, to enable the ilotise to lake into consideration the joint resolution creating the office of Lieu teu.ini-Gefleral. Upon which the ayes and nays were demanded; and the result was 112 voting iii the affirmative, and 75 in the nega tive. A great deal of confusion was caused before the House adjourned, some of the members voting under tho impression that the joint re ’ solution did not contemplate.a. brevet rank; nut having paid attention when it was real. There not being two thirds in favor of en»> pending the rules, the motion was negatived and the House adjourned,, mtber after its usual time, to meet for the last time at six o’clock. IN SENATE March!. After closing my letter of yesterday, the de bate on proposed amendin' uts to the river and harbor bill was prolonged till four o’clock this morning. At twelve, various questions of privilege were raised us io the hour when tho session constitutionally expired. After debate the Senate adopted a resolution declaring the Fession did not terminate till 12 o’clock to day. At four o’c’ock the River and Harbor Bi'l was postponed till 8 o’clock this morning. The Civil and Diplomatic, tho Army and Appropri ation Bills were taken up in rapid succession, and were all passed and received the signature of tho President before twelve to day. The 1 ” - - - - —J ~ joint resolution making land warrants assigna ble passed tho Senate with amendments The joint resolution for the relief of .Mr. Ritchie was called up, but was laid on the table for want of time. The light house bill was pass ed. The usual resolution of thanks to the Presi dent, pro tern., of the Senate, was offered and adopted, and he returned thanks in a most feel ing manner. He then pronounced the Senate adjourned sine, die. As era short interval, the Senate ra assem bled, Messrs Cass, Bright, Bayard, Rusk. Dodge, of Wisconsin, Mason, Pratt and Jeff. Davis —Senators elect—appeared and were qualified. The usual resoultions,fixing the hour ofmevt ing, for appointment of committees, and to in form the President that a quorum was present were adopted. The Senate then adjourned. HOUSE. Very little busines of public interest was transacted last night in the House, which remained in session till half past seven o’clock this morning, when it took a recess till nine During tile evening and Bight, quite a number of bills of minor importance was got rid of by a refusal to suspend the rules. The ayes and nays were repeatedly taken, and the roll was called two or three times, the absent members being subsequently hunted up by the Sergeant-at-arms. The following is a brief summary of other proceedings : Ihe House refused to suspend the rules, to allow two bills ‘com the Senate to be consider ed, making grants of land to certain Railroad Companies. Pay was voted to those members who were absent during the early part of the session. A bill from the Seriate was passed, for founding an asylum for the relief of disabled and indigent soldiers. The House refused to suspend the rules to take up the Senate’s Bill, known as the French Spoliation Bill—ayes 104, nays 75. Thanks were unanimously voted to the Hon. Howell Cobb for his impartial conduct and dignified demeanor while presiding as Speak er of the House cf Representatives. Ex'ra compensation wasvoted to clerks and others employed by the House A personal explanation was made by Mr. Otis, of Maine, relative to the charge brought against Mr. Webster, with which his name was connected The statement was a written one and was read by the elerk, but did not enter into the merits of the char e, having reference ! l to a conversation with Mr. Greely, Collec tor of Bos on. A message was received from the Senate, intorming the House of the agreement of that body to the Cheap Postage Bill, as amended by the House. Toe last hour of the 3d of March (12 o'clock) having arrived a motion was cr.sde by Mr. Stephens, of Georgia, that the House adjourn sins dis. Mr Thompson, of Miss., rose to a question of order, and contended that the House stand adjourned at that hour under authority of law. The Speaker having overruled the point of order and the question being taken upon Mr. Stephens’s motion to adjourn by aves and nays, 21 voted in the affirmative and 167 in the negative A motion was afterwards made to take a re cess for seven hours, which was negatived— ayes 43, nays 113. Eventually a morion pre vailed io take a recess from half past seven till nine o’clock, which accordingly took place. Conclusion of tic Session. — Tue House hav ing assembled at nine o’clock, proceeded to business chiefly of a private aud routine nature. An unsuccessful effort was made to bring up the joint resolutions establishing the rank of Lieut General intne Array; but rhe House refused to suspend me rules. The vote was 83 to 53. Mr. Bayly, Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means, reported in favor of the amendments proposed by the Senate to the Civd and Diplomatic Bill, which he staled as having for ihe most part been rendered im perative r y bills that had been pasted by Con gress subsequent to its passage through the House. The reading of the amendments was called for, but this was overruled tiy toe House; and a motion failed for the yeas and nays. .Mr. McLane, of Maryland, moved to bus pend the rules, to suable him to i-troduce a. I bill, giving the assent of Congress to the enact ment of laws by the several States, laying VOL.LXV—NEW SERIES VOL.XV-NO- lb tonnage duties in the ports of said States ft-.i he improvement of their harbors and rivers. This measure was rendered necessary, by tho failure of the Senate so to amend tno Har horand River Bill as to secure a majority there. All the Democrat" with ene or two exceplions, rallied to Mr. McLane’s support, and several of tho most liberal Whigs. The vote on suspending the rules was 91 ayes and 90 nays; consequently there was not a majori ty of two-thirds, which was indispensable to tike up the bill out of order. Ths Demo crats will now rally in united force to support this system, Mr. Baker, of New York, moved for a sus pension of tho rules, to enable him to submit a Bill, authorizing the appointment of a Special Mail Agent in Calitorma and for other purpo ses. and which he stated tho Postmaster Gene ral deemed absolutely necessary for the effi ciency of the public service. The ayes and nays were ordered on a mo tion to lay the Bill on the table, the taking of which was interrupted. Mr. Bayly, who moved that the amendments of the Senate to I the Naval Appropriation Bill be agreed to, which being read, received the assent of the House rather than the Bill should be lost alto gether, it being by this lime eleven o’clock; and in this as well as other bills similar situated. r a clause having been inserted by the Senate. I which had previously been rejected by the j Houss. The ayes and nays were then taken on the - motion to lay the Bill of Mr. Bokee on the ta ble, and 51 voted in the affirmative and 84 in the negative. i The usual Resolution was then passed, no tifying the President that the House had fin ished its public business, and was about to ad journ. The main q ties’i on * was then pat, and the ayes and nays being taken, it was carried in the affirmative, ayes 103—55. 3he ayes and nays wore here demoded, nd while the Clerk was calling the roll, thr x oarof noon arrived, and the curtain dropped on tha Thirty-first Congress of the United States. At this moment the Committee returned from waiting on the President, and stated that His Excellency had no further communications to make to Congress. The Speaker then rase and addressed tho House with much feeling. The members, he said, had occupied a position of much respon sibility, during an important epoch in the bis tory of the country, and while diversity of opin ion must necessarily exist as to various mess urea that had beau passed, yet he trusted events would demonstrate the wisdom of their acts. He returned his thanks tor tha manner in which ha Houhid noticed his conduct as its Spea ker. When he assumed that office, he did so, he said, with a determination faithfully to dis charge its duties; and he felt conscious of never having done an act of intentional injus tice to any member of that body. It now only remained for him to perform the last act of his official duty, by declaring that Congress now stands adjourned sine die. This address was received with acclamation, and when the Speaker descended to the floor of the Hall, a number of the members crowded around him and bade him farewell. Mr. Allen’s Assault on Mr. Webster. When the bill to provide for carrying inte execution in further part the twelfth article of the treaty wi-.h Mexico concluded at Gasda lupe Hidalgo was under discussion in the House of Representatives, o.j Tuesday night, Mr. Allen, taking the floor, went on to charge Mr. Webster, Secretary es Slate, with en tering office only after receiving $50,000 from brokers and bankers of State street, Bjslon, and Wall street, New York. He was of the impression that there were gentlemen in the House who were personally cognizant of the fact. [Voices —Name’hem I name them .’1 He held that in former times the country would have risen indignantly against any such con duct as the reception of such sum?, by gen tlemen in the position of Mr. Webster, frtm parlies who were notorious speculators in the public funds. He called on the whig party to refuse to palliate this conduct on the part of the Secretary of State, and in that manner to vin dicate its own integrity. He also warned the cemocracy of the House of the danger of standing by the impu'ation of any such trans action. Mr. Ashtnun replied with great severity, but we omit hie remarks, as he made a more direct answer to the charge the next day. Mr. Hilliard said that an unpropitious mo merit was selected to make the attack, while debating a matter of public policy. He should not attempt a defence of Mr. Webster, but he asked every gentleman to agree with him that public reputation was public property, and that ti.e fame of a great man is not to be thrown idly away. He then spoke of the em inent merits of Mr. Webster as a statesman, patriot, and mao, and said that he was strong er in the affections of the people than before the shafts of venom were directed at him. Wedhksday, Feb. 26—The House hav ing the same bill under consideration io com mittee,. Mr. Alien, of Massac’nisetU, asked the I consent of the House to indulge him in a few remarks. Great confusion ensued. Mr. A. was en titled to speak three or four minutes before the time for closing the debate expired. Mr. Allen then alluded to what he said last night as to Mr. Webster having, as a condition for taki ig the office of Secretary of State, de manded the sum of fifty thousand dollars from business men in Wall street, Ne w York, and State street, Boston. And how, he asked, had this statement been met ! Not at all. He did not distinctly hear the enunciation of his colleague (Mr. Ashmun,) and he could not speak in the broken accents of that gentleman But notwithstanding a member of this House on hie responsibility, slated a grave fact, one gentleman, and then another rose last night, and endeavored to divert the attention of the House, and to excite prejudice against tne speaker. The chairman informed the gentleman that . 1 . * - .a. 1— *Sn -in. M •r. *4 1....! thetimo to which the debate was limited had expired. [Cries of *Go on.”J The gentle man could proceed only by unanimous con sent. (Repetition of cries “Goon” “go on.”) Mr. Asbmuti, I suppose that I cau speak five minutes ou an amendment. Mr. Bayly. lam oniitled to the floor. Mr Ashtnun. Will the gentleman allow me it moment, in order to make a statement which I was not ready to make last night? M r. Carter rose to a question of order, amid the confusion. Members had gathered in the area, and private conversation was loudly in dulged. Several gentlemen addressed the chairman, who refuses to recognise any one until order was restored. He then rapped and resorted to a request that gentlemen would resume their seats. Mr. Carter rose to a question of order—that Mr. Bayly had no right to yield tho floor to Mr. A-iimun. Mr. Bayly. I never pretended that I had. Mr. Cspier. I don’t say that. Mr. Baytv. I was quite aware of it. I yielded to the gontleman, (Mr. Ashmuu,) sup posing tha‘ there was no objection. Mr. Burt. I wi.h to make a suggestion. I understand Jbat the gent.eman from Virginia does not desire to occupy ttie floor for more than fifteen mmotes. 1 propose, by unani mous consent, that twenty minutes of the honr be given to each of the gentlemen from Mas sachusetts. It was agreed to, and Mr. Allen was invited to ‘ go on.” . Mr. Alien was not heard with distinctness when he commenced his resosrksl, but in a short time became more audible. There was much anxiety manifested all over the hail He repeated that there was no demal of the statement winch be made yesterday. /Joes my colleague deny it ? If he does, I will meet the denial; and I wnl here say 'hn: if he denies the facts, that I am ready to meet the issue < whenever and whatever presented ; and all 1 ask is that the Secretary of S'ste, or any friend of his, to give me an opportunity to .sail for evidence as to the facts; and I pledge my self, notwithstanding any uenia! 1.0 made, that if the opportunity bo given,! will substantiate what I have asserted. Mr. Webster, when he was offered the Post of Secretary of State, wrote to certain per sons to ask what they would do for him. On consultation it was agreed to raise $25 000 in Boston, and a like sum in New York ; and I am informed that $25,000 was raised in the last named city, but fell short in Boston, the amount being sl9 600. Gentlemen there had been bled freely on other occasions, and it was difficult to bring them up to the giving point No matter if this was a free gift. Every man knows that commercial men have an object in making presents As a man of independence, Mr Webster ought to have had nothing to do withit; that he would suspect the object of the gifts, and those who made them. But when gifts are made al his own request, I ask wheth er an influence is not brougnt to bear on the officer which is dangerous to public justice and public interests, and more especially dangerous when pecuniary means of large amount are placed in charge of that officer. Mr. A. then replied to the remarks of Mr. Ashmtin of a personal character ; and spoke further m covdarnnauau of Mr. Webster. Mr. Ashmunsaid, I should do injustice to trie good sense of the House if I consumed the twenty minutes allowed to me. It does not need remarks from me to answer my colleague. The sense of shame and indignation iu every fees manifested list nigh: is a more effective re sponse than any words of mine. There was no honorable man but who would cry out ■‘shame! shame!” The gentleman charged last night, and repeated u io day, that Mr. Webster required, as a condition precedent fi r him to accept the office of Secretary of State, that he should receive from certain persons io Wall street and State street $50,006, and that I the contract was entered into and that it was j fu.filled in New York audnearly fulfilled in Bos- on. It was a charge of corruption, an! that ] Mr. Webster entered iu o office by promising j to fiver certain persons by his official influence. Now, I have nothing more to say than this. In the length and breadth, in aggregate and de tail, I tin authorized to ray that it is as os qcALtruD falsehood. I am authorized to say, on the authority of Mr. Web-ler, and 1 do say, it is an falsehood. Mr Allen took issue. , Mr. Ashman. Toe challenge has been ac cepted. Now let the defamer of the Secretary , of State carry out his charge. That is al. 1 | T thi.hnguage ThMe C “ n be mi,talle ak ®«‘ ' sat® -•SMSssssraai t, Mr. Web.ter whHe S) ’ ‘ e I man’, hospitality, whHe at tho f * bat .* enl I e " d hold a dagger fn hi. Lnd he - aaffitied with malignity, which hu a edontto day. And Mr. A eta'ed that j - Mr. Allen were delegate, to t|, e Philaielohit t convention in 1848, and that they both voted for Mr. Webeter a. a candidate for the Preai. • dency; hut when the convention refu.ed to i nominate Mr. Webster, Mr. Allen acciued the I Whig party of treachery. Mr. Allen said that he wa. allowed to reply ■ to a personal attack of hia colleague. Ho had • confiued his remark, to that attaok. But an other allack bad just been made, and ho asked the justice to respond. Mr. Hilliard wished to reply to so mack of Mr. A'len’s remarks aa related to him There wn much confusion—above which the voice of Mr Jones wa. heard, .eying: -It is tho duty of the Chairman, if ho cannot enforce order, to call m the Bergeant at-Arm.. [Call, to order, and taoghter.] The Chairman exerted himself to restore or der. Air. Bayly who had given way for tho ox planations of Messrs. Ashmun and Allea naw resumed the floor. Mr. McLane, of Mary land, asked him to yield, that they might take action on what hadju.t occurred. -Mr Bayly. My friend does aot think that I would acquiesce. Mr. McLane. Yon ought not to otjoeL Ihe Charman. Dees not the gentleman from Virginia give way 1 i Mr. Bayly. Ido not, end .hall not. The confusion having died away to some ex tent— Mr. Bayly addressed the committee in r.la iinn to the bill before them, and was followed by ether gentlemen, who spoke ■ atil the re cess was taken, at half-past three o’clock. During the evening session, Mr. Levia de fended Mr. Webster in an earnest manner tr»m the attacks which had been mads on that gentleman, pronouncing the accusation of Mr. A'len this morning a false one. Posterity will remember Mr. Webster, ami erect te him a monument, not like that on Banker Hill, which he has rendered immortal by his elo qu.ricß. That will moulder and deeay. rime’s finger will wear away the surface and base, an t it will fall and not a fragment remain te mark ihe spot where it stood; but it shall be a monument more noble in stracturs and admirable in ire proportions. The monument will he erected in the hearts of the American people to the noble, lof.y, seif sacrificing spirit which induced him in the hour of common o.tiger to »tep forward sad sacrifice every thing in defence of his native land. Mr. Giddings follbwed in one of hi. charac teristic harangues. He accused Mr. Levia es bidding for offiee From what had been acid by the gentleman from Pennsylvania, tha army, he argued, was to cut the throats of the people, and to put down freemen of tho North. He then denounced the Fugitive Slave lew, spoke of it being odious to nine tenths of the northern people He would say unhesitatingly, that ne freemen are bound te assist in the execution of the law. It was a matter which lies between themselves, their conscience, end their God, and he extended to the freemen of Massachusetts his thanks. Mr. Mason asked whether he approved of the Boston mob. Mr. Giddings did not know what the gentle man meant by a mob, but he would say this, if he had been a colored man .in Boston, as he is a white man, and a Southerner had eome to seizs his broth er, sister, or any relative, hi. life blood should have flowed before he would have remained nassivo. He then noticed the remarks of Mr. Clay in the Sedate, spoke a kind word lor George Thompson, and referred to the remarks of Mr. Houston to day in defence of Mr Web ster. A scene followed between Mr. G. and Hous ton of D , which was properly ended by Mr. Marshall, who said G ’« subject was to start an agitation, and, on his motion, the Committee rose. ~~ POLITICAL. Judge Bester's Letter. Wa published a few days since tne admira ble letters of Mesars. Clay and Conn to the Union Committee of Macou, and we now add ths fcflowing from Judge Baxtir, which should be read by every voter, who has the capacity to comprehend and the indapendeace to fortu and act upon an opinion l Letter from Ell H. Baxter. Esq. Sparta, Ga. Feb 10th, 1851. Gentlemen .* Your lavor of the 7th in.t, giv ing me an invitation to join you, either person ally, crb., ...y ..ouHsele, in the oi Wadlineton's birt i day, I hare received. I regret that I cannot participate personally with you but believing as I do, that the Federal Union is necessary to the protection of Sooth er u rights, and libir’.y itsolf, I cannot refrain Irom giving you the expression of my decided approbation of the great object you have in view —the formation of a Union party, ce-ex tensive with ths Republic. For the first time since the formation of our Government disunion has been openly avow ed and sdvoca ed. A neighboring State, the land of Sumter and Marion—a State that partici pated in the struggle that gave us indepen dence—a State that has been always pr impt in her contributions of money and blood when called for bv the Government—is united almost to a man for disunion. In our own State, Alabama and Mississippi, we have heard shouts for disunion. Respectable newspapers have recommended it. The North is not free from the disaffection, and the South has been filled with publica ions designed to alienate ths pea pie from the Government, and preps • them for disunion If this is all true, it is high time 4'or 'he friends of die Union to rally to ns rev erie. If this is true, old party lines should be abacdoeed, and every man who cherishes an a tach . ent for the Union should enlist under its bauuor. It is an issue involving the exis tence of the Government; and what will our Whig or Democratic principles avail us when ths Government lies m ruins and the people are thrown into fierce and contending fac tions ? And for what aro we called upon to dissolve the Government ? T|ie late action of Con gress, in the admission pf Califirnta as a State and the organisation of the Territories, con* stitute the leading reasons with the advocates for disunion. Ide not entirely approve of all this action, yet, such was the excited and exas perated stale of the public mind. North and South, that 1 consented to acquiesce for the sake of peace and harmony. The admission of California, which was the most objectiona ble portion of that acuon, was, With few ex ceptions admrted to be constitutional; and the Territorial Governments were precisely each as were claimed by the great mass of Southern men. If the admission of Califor nia was constitutional, as obnoxious as it ia, it would have been unwise end suicidal in tne slave States to resist it. Tne principal object in having a written eonstitnUon is to give pro tection to minorities in times of high political tnd psrry excitement. The slave Slates mnat rely upon that conatitu’.'mn for pro<eetioa to their slave property. As one, therefore, of a minority, aud a Southern roan, I am disposed to acquiesce in all constitutional legislation up on this delicate question, if, as a minority, will not abide constitutional action, how can we expect the majority the free soil States, to do it? So long as our constitutional rights are respected by the majority, the insti tution is safe. It is frequently suggested that o the free soil States will ultimately acquire suffi cieot power, by the admiedon of new States, to take from ea this protection. To do this they must have two-thirds of both branches of lionttrese, and three fou'tlis ol the Slates must become free soil. Long before that can be the ease the laws pf population will have placed a perpetual quietus upon tbs question. But are the dangers, present or prospective, to the ins nation of slavery, such as to justify the extraotdinary remedy proposed, the disso lution of the Union At no period, in my opinion, has tho institution been upon a safer basis. The acquisition of Texas has given the slaveholder nearly all the Territory in the Uni ted States that can be profitably cultivated by slaves. The ordinance assented to by Virginia, at an early period in our disrory, insisted upon and partially carried out when Missouri was admitted and urged by Vie free-soilers in the late action of Congress in organizing the Ter ritories, wtis yielded up, and the constitutional rights of the South directly acknowledged. Nor can 1 concede what is claimed by many intelligent Southern men—that the slave States derive no ad vantage from territory that ia made free soil. AK territorial acquisition gives in crease and prolonged value to slave property. If the slaveholder cannot emigrate with hie slaves to California, the citizen who is not a slaveholder may, and room is made for tho slave. It » truth that cannot be disguised ;It ia out of the power of the statesman to pre vent I'; ail those portions of the slave States suitable for the culture of rice, sugar and cot ton, must became, comparatively, a vast slave plantation. A given space of territory can but sustain profitably a certain popelation. When it accumulates to that point, the slave or the citizen who is not a slaveholder must give way. Tne slaveholder having the balance of power, be makes it to the merest of the non slavsholder to sell and emigrate to the free-soii States, and thus a collision, which would be fatal to the slaveholder, ia avoided. Does it not then become us, as an intelligent people, to anticipate that period, when so large a pro i portion of our population will be slaves, and - inquire if we shall not then want the Federal t Government to give us safety and security I : Pardon me for briefly adverting to an argu- ment used by a citizen of no ordinary distino i ticn, who has been prominent as the advocite -of absolute, unconditional and perpetual dis union. He insists that the Union ought to be dissolved, oscause it has been exteuded over 1 such an rxtent of territory that it cannot be successfully administered ler the happiness of I the people. Alexander Hamilton was accused of entertaining anti republican sentiments, but no Amezican citizen has ever expressed an opinion ao offensive to the friends of republi-