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g r Ir Fr H B wJP H M II 11 H t I 4 fl /■ li 11 [4 I I O d tel If b
BY WILLIAM S. JONES.
Sxrms,
THE WEEKLY
CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
Is Published every Wednesday,
at two dollars per annum
IN ADVANCE.
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DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY,
Are also published at this office, and mailed to sub
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TERMS OF ADVERTISING.
In Wuilt. —Seventy-five cents per square (12
nes or less) for the first insertion, and Fifty cent
°r etch subsequent insertion.
hotels.
ROWLAND SPRINGS
MTHE Subscriber? beg leave to inforrr
their friends and the public, that they have
leased the above well known place of re
•ort, Mini that they intend keeping them during the
summer season in a style superior to any watering
-place in the up-country. The House will be -; en
and ready for the reception of visitors by the first of
JUNE next. LAN'IFJ & USHER.
N. B ThJrc wUI be a line of Hacks at the Depot
at Carters rille, at all times, to convey Passengers to
the Springs, both from up and down Trains of Rail
Rood. apll-3m L. & U.
EAGLE AND FHCENIX HOTEL.
Auguita, Georgia.
eTHE SUBSCRIBER having leased
theabove named HOTEL for a term of years
respectfully -elicits the patronage of the citizen* of
Augusta, and the travelling community. His best
efforts will 1 e diree’ed towards making the Eagle
and Phenix Hot-I a pleasant home for regular Boar
ders, aud a comfortable resting place for travellers.
mh7-dlmtw?m JOHN RICKMAN.
GRANITE VILLE HOTEL.
THIS ADMIRABLY located HOUSE
having recently undergone extensive repairs
aud improvements, is now open for the accommoda
tion of Hie public. For salub'ity of climate, beauty
and variety ofs- eoery, and a balmy and healthful
this establishment offers attractions un
• ] jailed in (he Southern country, either for the in
valid from the North, or as a summer retreat for the
citizens of the South, to whom the daily Communi
cat on by Rail Road, the fl urishing Manufactory
nearby, and the opportunity for bathing, fishing,
and hunting, must prove gieat advantages.
The proprietor,a native of Charleston, will spare
ni effort to accom nodate those who may favor him
wi t. tneir patronage. Graniteville is in sight of
t er ail Road. An Omnibus will always be in
w. i i at the arrival of the curs, and every atten
ti t wII ba paid to baggage. An accommodation
t. .i i ins to and from Hamburg daily.
.v ALTON HOUSE,
JESSE H. ARNOLD,
* IPalton Count]/ Georgia.
fe6 ts
t.KLIN HOTEL,
t . A- STREET, Augusta, Ga.,
tuifi. nil q ’ .0 1. .’re the Globe Hotel, on the
South side J. -ad stlee,.
n 0-wly D. B. RAMSEY, Proprietor.
EAGLE HOTEL,
MADISONVILLE, TENNESSEE.
rpilE SUBSCRIBER take, pleasure
X in returning bis thanks to bis friends and
the publie, for the very liberal patronage here- -®'—“
tofore extended to him. And basing recently im
proved and extended bis buildings so as to afford the
best accommodations to almost any number of trav
ellers and persons wishing boarding, he confidently
expects an increase of public favor and patronage.
Building situated on second block south of the
Public Square-one hundred and fifty feet long
rooms regularly laid off and well furnished. He is
also well prepared to lake the best care of horses, &c.
Stable large and secure—careful and attentive ser
vants. In short, the greatest attention will be paid,
and pains taken, to render all comfortable who may
call at the Eagle Hotel. JOSEPH R. RUDD.
Madisonville, August 3, 1350. au3 wti
LIVERY STABLES, !
UADISON, GEORGIA. <
HARRALL A. HARRIS
beg leave to announce to
their friends in Madison and
.NSf , .SY I the travelling Public gene- M zl*
rally, that they have opened the above S FABLES,
and that they intend to keep as fine CARRIAGES,
BUGGIES and HOK-SES, ascon be found in any
Stable/-—with carefal drivers Citizens of Mad : »oi?
and strangers visiting Madison, by coming to ’.s will ‘
always find ready accommodation, to go any where '
they wish on reasonable terms. 1
Madison. lan. 29 1950 I
WANTED,
A .JOURNEYMAN CARRIAGE MA- 1
KE.t, one that can do fine work, and who is of
steady habits. None other need apply. <*>«od wa
ges will be given. JAMES L. DYER.
Payet eville, Georgia. mh!B w 4
SURGICAL INSTITUTE
DKS. H. F. A R. CAMPBELL have estab
lished an INFIRMARY in Augusta, for the
treatment of Surgical and ( hronic Diseases. They
respectfully call the aitentiou of the Profession, and
the public to their institution. Necesrary Surgical
operations will be performed by Dr. Hkfry Camp
bell; all other treatment will be rendered by them
jointly.
Pa’ients sent from the country will receive every
necessary attention during their sojourn in our city.
nl2-w'f
SPRINGHILL MACHINE SHOP.
A FOR BUILL (NG AND REPAIRING
< Aall kinds of CO! VON AND WOOL MA
making large SCREWS AND
GEARING, of all kinds—TURNING IRON,
WOOD, Ac.,
ALSO, WOOL CARDED AND BATTED,
six a des from Augusta,on the Louisville road,where
the proprietors will be grateful for allorden —orthey
can beleftatC. A. dr M. H. WILLIAMS'S, Augus
ta —ordirectedto Richmond Pacicry P. O.
d2O-tf HACK A DUVAL
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD.
K 5 RANA WAY from the subscriber, on the
Al morning of the 2m hos March, my Negro Man
•bout 48 years of age, 5 feet 8 or 9
iucDvs high, and weighs about 160 pounds. Ben is
ot a black comp*exion, and has a down-cast look.
He limps a little in walking, causa I by a hurt he
received some years apo He is a blac smith by
trade. He carried off with him a blue Jeans frock
coat and checked inen pants, and a high crowned
fur hat. As he can write, be will no doubt forge
h mself a free pass, as he did so some few years
ago, when he was runaway. I will give the above
reward if he is taken up and delivered to me, 4 mi es
north west of Greensboro, Greene county, or pul in
any safe jail so that 1 can get bun.
JOHN BRANCH.
Greene county, Ga., April 7. apll-wßt
RANAWAY
FROM the subscriber on the night of the
Al 31 instant, mv Negro man NED, about 21 or
years old, black complection, low and
chunky, weighs about 160 or 165 pounds ; there is a
scar on his left cheek and left wrist, and some sears
or sera ches on the back of his neck at the edge of
bis ha r r. I bought saiil Negro in Hamburg, S. C ,
from Hugh <»’Neal A Co. I will give ten doEars
reward for his apprehension so 1 can get him.
ENOCH BELL.
Elberton, Ga. ap9 w I
brought IcT jail'
>S IX CRVWFORDVILLE, Taliafer-
Al ro cuun'y, Ga., a Negro Boy who calls him
-X-l. self SIP, and says he belongs to one Henry
Reau, of Putnam county, Ga. He is about eighteen
years old, and yellow complexion, and has a down
look when spoken te. The owner will come for
ward. prove property, pay expenses and take him
out of jail. W M. Al EXANDER, Jailor.
Crawfordville, April 2. 1851. w 3
S2O REWARD.
Jiff RANAWAY from the subscribers, on the
4a 25th day of December, 1850, a Negro man
named NELSON. Nelson is ab ut 5 feet 10
inches high ; light coo plection ; about 33 years oil ;
speaks slow ano very low. The above reward will
be given lot his delivery to the subscribers, or for
lodging him in any jail so that they may et posses
sion othun. T. H. A E. H. BLOUNT
Waynesboro 1 Burke County. ja!o-w3m
————
BROUGHT TO JAIL, a Negro Boy,
who calls himself SAM, and says he belongs
man by the name of John Thomas, of New
Ortaene. He is of a dark color, and has a scar
above one of bis eyes; he is about six teet high, and
weighs about one hundred and seventy-five pounds,
asd appears to be a very intelligent boy and says he
has been runaway about six months. The owner
wiU please come forward, pay all and take him
away. P. H. CAMPBELL, Jailor.
Median. Morgan co., June 15, 1850. je2o-tf
RANAWAY
<FROM the subscriber, on the morning of
the 17th of May, ray Negro Mau THOMAS,
about 30 years of age, ut a brown complex
ion, speaks quick when spoken to, and rather lispe.
Said m*n »• about 5 feet 8 inches high, well built;
and when he left here bad on a blue striped rack
coat, and * velvet cao. He will doubtless en leaver
to make his way to Virginia, as be was purchased
in that state by John M. Cureton A Co., and raid to
me in tvreeusborv, the 15th of last March. A libe
ral reward will be given for the delivery, or for his
being lodged in jail so that I get him.
O. P. DANIEL.
Greensboro, Ga., May 19, 1850. myl9-tf
GEORGIA. TALIAFERRO COUN
IY To the Clerk of the Inferior Court of
said county : H-nry T. Philips, of said county, tolls
before me aa eecray, taken up upon h s own free
held is said coeatv, in the 17 2nd District. G. M., a
bright bey HoßM*\ with a blaze free, lell hind feet
white, has the spavin, medium size and supposed to
be seven years old. Appraised by W Uliana C.
Wright and WiU (am H. Wdder to be worth thirty
•vedo lars, March 25th, 1851.
a ®- v "joatore this 3d day of
April, 1851. AcocarVb W. Fly nt, J P.
At ne extract from tbe eetrey this April 7,
mt. »F» QCIXEA ONF.AL. Clerk
TiLIARKRRo CODS I'Y, GKO.
-CEEk ~"«k Hill, of ,b« 602.1 Fharw, G M
'*.*•>'* L Fe.ce*
in non for Mid eouaty, an ra'.ray HORSf-'. .bcul • i
orae.eayear.oM, a«>rMl, W tl , a bUre .Umi!
*'* .2" kirt. Appraiaad by MhAi P.rkereon
an i Ifonol A. Wi|. WIBI lo’htrtv five AoPara
M G 'L‘s2r , T r '^ ) ' hat>a ,nd <*«<•! -.nature, this
Ma reh 26*6. ISSI. Micas.h L. Jesss j e
A UM ulna fracs lha Eauar Hook, Marek 27th
JJtl, 'GUINEA O’Ji UAL, Clar
VBIKLT
CHRONICLE AXDSENTINEL
' ■ SELECTED POETfiY.
I
From the Louiivilte Journal.
Mr. Percival. since writing these beautifu' lines,
n has, W*: have reason to believe, hear! the divine
e Jenny in Nashville. We shall see if his Postlindiaa
I will surpass his Antelindian :
ANTEI.INDIAN.—by o. b. pbroivai.
A sense unwakened in my heart is dwelling,
Dormant, yet full oflife and restless longing —
A nameless longing, ail my spirit filling,
t And for an unknown bliss impatient calling.
A bliss unknown 1 and yet, its name aufficeth
To fill my soul with dreams of heavenly rapture ;
> To plume for upward flight the wings of fancy,
Which bear me on thro’ realma cf radiant gloiy,
T.ll, listening at the jear'y gate of Heaven.
My ravished eardiinks in the song of seraphs.
That bliss unknown is Jenny’s voice angelic :
That sense un wakened is the power to feel it.
> Enchantress of all lands I melodious Siren.
Whose voice to Heaven the mortal race entices !
Circe of son g I whose sparkling cup o’erflowtng
I*, an for ms the brutish soul into an angel I
The one desire, my spirit all pervading,
The one with which my longing heart o’erburthens—
My ene resistless passion is to hear thee !
I a drink the notes of that be w itching music,
fill reels each sense in sweet intoxication ;
To feel my spirit upward—upward mounting,
Horne on the waves of melody seraphic,
Till, swooning in that boundless sea of pleasure,
ft sinks again on some entrancing cadence.
Which, falling earthward with a gentle motion,
Low dies away, and leaves the soul in rapture I
This is the by fancy war r ' v painted
Before that area* •r V S -P jpt -kened;
r ' ’ ietb. jjy so. V i*e«uklet iungiug,
Vet knowing not for uat tis vaguely pining—
So pines the cage- cm bird for forest murmurs ;
So pines the win '!•«• for the buoyant ether;
So pines the cIC- tered maid for love’s sweet music ;
So pines the biin i-born for the light of heaven.
Gallatin, 'Jinn., March 2Q. 1851.
ASTON RIDGE SEMINARY FOR
YOUNG LADIES.
2- hours from Philadelphia, via Ch ster.
Rev. B. S. Huntington, a. m., Prin and Chaplain.
ffiTUIE next Sessfcn of this Institution commences
1 on the FIRST WEDNESDAY in MAY.—
T*• ms, from S2VO toSKX) per annum. The Litera
ti and Religious Instruction, the retirement and
usalthfulness of the lo .a'ion, the facilities tor French
conversation in the family, and the limitation of 25
pupils to 5 experienced a id successful teachers, af
ford a combination of advantages, such as tew simi
lar Institutions can present.
‘•Beti te faithful instructions from well qualified
Preceptors, the pupils w II enjoy ths inestimable ad
vantages of a reared, refined ai d affectionate home
in one of the most beautiful positions ia the State.”—
Bishop Potter.
Reference in Augusta —Wra K Kitchen, Esq.,
of whom Circulars ujay be obtained.
Address Rev. B. S Humtinoton, Village Green
P. 0., Del. co., Penn. ap!7-w2m
INTERESTING TO COTTON PLAN
TERS
SR. PARKHURST’S Patent Cotton Seed
• CLEANING MACHING constructed with
out Saws or Ribs.
'I be Inventor of this Machine now has the plea
sure of answering the niiiceroa' inquiries from Cot
ton Planteis, respecting the performances and results
of this Gin. It has been fully tested by cleanin'the
entire crop of a large planter near Columbia, F. C , (a
certificate from whom isappended.) enhancing the va
lue of the Cotten one and a halt to two cents per lb.
over that cleaned by any Saw Gin. This advanced
price more than pays for a Machine in cne year’s
average crop, the cost of it being only $250 It
turns out equally as much or mere, than any S-iw
Gin ; is more simple and durcble, perfectly safe to
the ginner, inasmuch as he cannot cut himself; and
the gnat danger of fire, by friction, in other Ma
chines, is entirely obviated.
Arrangements are completed, to build these Ma
chines in Augusta, for the State of Georgia; and
Cotton Planters desiring them, are respectfully re
quested to send their orders to the subscriber. One of
the Gius may be seen in operation at my c team Mill.
W. H. GOODRICH.
Augusta, April. 1851. ap!9
Copy of a certificate from Col. Wade Han-pton,
dated at Millwood, Nov. 4, 1850.
Mr. Paikburst has been, for soma weeks at iny
plantation, adapting his Cotton Gin, originally in
tended for long Cotton, to short staple The experi
ment has been • utirely successful. He has one Gin
in operation, which will prepare four bales, of three
hundred and fifty pounds each, per day, and the
quality of the cotton L far be’ter than I have ever
seen. By this process of cleaning cotton, the staple
is uniniured, while ail the motes and false seeds are
almost ent rely separated from the lint. I deem this
discovery of vart importance to the country, and I
earnes iy hope that Mr Parkhurst may be rewarded
for it. «p‘9 wlv W. Hampton.
WM H. UNDERWOOD & J. W. H.
UN DI R WOOD,
WILL PRACTICE LAW in (he Counties
of thr> Cher' Lee Circuit, (eacctM
They will both personally attend nil the Courts. J.
W. H. Undkhwood will attend the Courts of Jack
son and Hsb’Tsham countiew of the Western Circuit.
Ho’h will atttend the sessions of the Supreme Court
it Cassville and Gainesville. All business entrusted
tethem will be promptly and faithfully attended to.
Office next door to Hooper dr Mitchell, *• Buena
Vista House,” Rome, Ga., at which place one or
both will always be found, except absent on profes
onal business. ja26-w3ni
SI,OOO REWARD
DR. HUNTER'S celebrated SPECIFIC, for
•he cure of Gonorrhea, >tricturea, Gleet and
Analagous Compla*nts ot the O g«us ot Generation
jJrOt all remedies >et discovered for the above
complaint, ibis is the most certain
j“ It makes a speedy and permanent cure with
out reetr etion tn diet, drink, exposure, cr change of
app'icition to business.
fjr Lis parlcctly harmless. Gallons of it might
be taken without injuring the patient.
g;*/- it is put up in bottles, with lull directions ac
companying it, so that poisons can cure themselves
without resorting to physicians or others for advice.
<’ne boule is generally enough to perform a
cure. Price SI.
lltI It is approved and ricomtnended by the Roy
al College of Phvticians an I Surgeons of London,
and has their certificate enclosed.
It is Fold by appointment in New York by
Robert Ellct dr Son, and in Augusta, Ga., at No.
195, MetciH’s Range, Broad street ap!6
r JUST RECEIVED at the
AG R ICULTURAL WARE-
* Augusta, a lot of Uhuice
PLOUGHS, consisting of Double Mould Board, Hi!
Side, Subsoil, Eagle Self-sharpening, and one and two
Hors Ploughs, ol all descriptions. Also,Cylindrical
Churns, Corn Shetlers,Corn Planters,StrawCutters
Grain Cradles, Road Scrapers, Manure Forks,
«rucks, Ac., Ac.
nhl9-w CARMICHAFI & BEAN.
WATCHES. CLOCKS A JEWELRY.
WOODSTOCK & WHITLOCK,
Silversmiths, jewellers, &c.,
.wo doors above the U. S. Hotel, and
opposite the Bank of Augusta, have on hand,
and are constantly ’•eceiving, a fine araort- ft"* M
ment ot WATCHES, CLOCKS, JEW- QiteJ*
F.LRY, Silver anti Plated Ware, Fancy Goods,
Guard and Fob Chains, Breast Pins, Ac.. Ac.
Their stock is entirely new, and will be sold cheap
for cash.
f*rW. G. Woodstock will give his strict at
tention to RE P AIRIN G W ATU HES and CL( >CKS,
having served a regular apprenticeship in one ot the
largest manufactories in Loudon, and front his long
experience, he feels assured of giving perfect satis
faction to ail who may enirmt their work to him.
jalß-wly
GRANITE! GRANITE!!
J 8. FRKB.HAN wishes to inform the pub-
• lie at large that he fas, lor the three years,
opened a QUARRY, of Granite Stone, that stands
unrivalled i«i the States for durability and color, for
merly occupied by E. Atkinson A Co., within two
and a half miles of Covington, near the Yellow river,
and half a mile from the Georgia Railroad. He has
entered into arrangements with a man
whose practical knowledge from his youth has ren
dered him qualified in all the various branches of
Stone-cutting. All kinds of house work. heulSiones,
Tomb Stones, Monumen s, plain and ornamental
work of every description, will be promptly attend
ed to, by order, on reasonable terms, and rxecuted
with accuracy and dispatch—hoping to merit a part
ot the public patronage.
J. S. FREEMAN,
J. E. DOYLE.
Covington, Ga. ap3-w3m
DISSOLUTION
THE COPARTNERSHIP heretofore ex
isting between Caitsr A Chastain, at Fair
Mount, Gordon county, Ga., is This Day dissolved
by mutual consent. The business of the concern
will hereafter be found in the hands of Wtu. E. Car
ter for settlement and collection.
CARTER & CHASTAIN.
Fair Mount, Gord >nco., April 3, ’sl. np!3 wlm
GROCERIES, GROCERIES.
■ev THE SUBSCRIBERS are now re-
an extensive assortment of Heavy
IHiHL an I Fancy GROCERIES, which they
oiler to the Planters, Merchants and Families of Geor
gia, on the most advantageous terms. Their Store
is just above the principal Hotels, and they solicit
ail purchasers visiting Augusta, to favor them with a
call and examine their stuck.
Tney now offer lb<‘ following Goods for sale low :
100 bales Gunny BAGGING.
250 coils i inch Kentucky ROPE,
50bhds. >c. Croix, Porto Rieoand N. O. SUGAR
• 100 bbls. Stuart’s crushed, ground and yellow Do.
250 bags ?ava, Rio and l.agnira COFFEE,
300 kegs NAILS, Peru brand,
• 20 tons Swedes 1 RUN, assorted sizes,
[ 200 bbls. Canal FLOUR, of the Hiram Smith
and other choice brands,
100 boxes Sperm, Adamantine and Tallow CAN
» DL.ES,
50,000 SEGA RS, of various qualit es,
* ItX) boxes TOBACCO, of different brands,
3.000 sacks Liverpool SALT, In fine order.
And ail other articles usually kept ia the largeal
Grocery Houses.
•1-w J. R. A W. M. DOW
1 SPLENDID ASSORTMENT OF GRO
‘ CERIEs.
THE UNDERSIGNED are now receiving
their stock ot GROCERIES, embracing every
k article tn choir tine (liq»>or« excepted) which they
’ offer for rale oo aceommodat’nf terms Now is store,
and receiving by each successive arrival of steamers:
50 bbU. Hiram Sm th superfine FLOUR,
, 25 Extra Do.,
25 “ Stuan's Clarified SUGAR,
§0 «» Crushed Do.,
10 hhds. C-boise N. Orleans Do.,
JO •* tair do. Du-.
50 bbls. N. Oriesns MOI ASSES,
10 bhds. Cuba Dx.
5 ** Stuart's Sugarboose SA RUP,
Black, Green and Imperial TEAS,
Java and Rio COFFEE,
i 500 ceih» prime Keetnekv Rc’PE.
150 baiss Gunny HAGGI ' G.
i 250 hampers real l. wh POTATOES.
I RUSSELL A WHITEHEAD.
H. P. RvsesLL,
Cmaakm mh23-IwA w 3l
IMIBCELI.ANEOIJB II-
L TEltlTl’RE ISD SEWS.
. From the Cotumbut Timtt.
• Common School Education.
We surrender a large part of our space to
day, I® the communication of the Rev. Mr
s, Scott, and the correspondence of the Judges
e of the Supreme Court of Georgia, on the
u deeply interesting subject at the head of this
arucu. Mr. Sect, recently settled in our
city with a pastoral charge, lias devoted much
of h:s thoughts and time to the effort of
awakening the public mind of Georgia, to the
sadly neglected < uty of educating ’he children
of the Stale In the whole of human
effort, we know of no field more worthy of
» the ambition of a good man, who desir< s to
be useful to his country, tnan ti nt of striving
to provide for a general aud efficient sys’etn
of common school education, li is pleasing
to obeerve that his efforts have already stimu
lated enquiry into the deficiencies of the law
j and the wants of the people in this connection
[ and that the men high in station in the State,
i have promptly come forward to approve and
applaud the enterprise, and to tender (heir
hearty co-operation in the great and patriotic
work We hope the letters of the Supreme
Court Judges will be carefully read by our
readeis, end generally circulated by our
brethren of the Press. Here is a good work,
in which all may unite ; and where, barving
the hatchet of political differences, the cham
pions of adverse party creeds, may lock their
shields, in the noble enterprise of ddfu-ing the
blessings of education throughout our com*
non country.
. ;Bp
er » a and sectarian jealous.os, as
in some other countries, obstruct the way.
We may provide for the improvement of the
moral, social and physical condition of the
people, through their intelligence; without
encountering the struggles of religious bodies
for supremacy in education, which in Europe
have retarded seeula* education, ever since
the reformation. In England, vast revenues
have been raised and expended on education,
nd yet through the strifes and jealousies of
(he Establishment, the Romish Church and
Dis entirig denominations, struggling for con
trol. an English writer confesses that next to
nothing has been done One half of the
whole adult population of the whole Uni ed
Kingdom, cannot read or write One half of
the famale adult population and one third of
the adult male population of England and
Wales, cannot, according to official returns,
sign their names to a marriage certificate
Our own statistics, though showing results
not so despairing as these, do exhibit an
amount of deficiency in the ruditnen's of
knowledge, as discreditable to our country as
it is dangerous to the permanency of Repub
lican Institutions. If there is ever excu-e or
wisdom in departing from the rulo which
warns against ” governing too much,” it is
in the direction of duty on the part of a gov
ernment —especially a free Government—of
providing for the education of its people.
There is profound truth and philosophy in the
following extract:
* It is often said that knowledge is power ; but
the lull meaning of the term is but little weigh
ed Knowledge is vir’ue; knowledge is
wealth; knowledge is freedom ; knowledge is
happiness What is it that produces the hab
its of intemperance and gr jes vices in which
large masses indulge but the want of that
moral and intellectual cultivation which leaves
man a mere animal, with ut the taste or the
capacity for higher enjoyments than animal
indulgences, and without any true perception
of the connexion of his own intere-u with the
interest of his fellow beings ? What is the
primary caiine of poverty but ignorance of
those illimitable resources of nature which are
always open to the skillful, the industrious,
and the enterprising, or if not open, closed
only through errors of ignorant legislation?
What has always led to the triumphs of abso
lutism, but the subserviency of the multitude
to the designs of ambition—that blindness to
the tendency of passing events through which
nations become willing, at he bidding of a
popular leader, or a military chieftain, to forge
tools for their own subjugation F hisid e to
attempt to build up liberty if we h ve to con
fide it to th -se who h ive not been taught to
prize it, and by whom we know its institutions,
however perfect, will neither be respected nor
preserved.
The only true lever by which the condition
o! the masses can effectually be raised, is edu
cation—and we feline it ns the early training
of the moral and miellecu J faculties of hose
pursiii's which are best fined to promote the
individual at d common welfare
Keritw Jun
This is addressed by a Brition to the Brit
iah r T’k- .........• » .i.
American people, whose institution-* have
no oilier solid bases than popular intelligence
and virtue.
The movement in this State is now just
l egun. We rejoice mat it is made. It is one,
that we have often wondered, has not engaged
the earnest attention of some patriotic heart
in the Legislature of our S ale; and Hr seve
ral years, we have been revolving in our own
mind, by what means our humble efforts con Id
e u*ed to invite public attention to it. The
immedii e object is to assemble a conven
tion of en'ightened citizens, at Marietta, on the
4th of July, to deliberate on, devise ar.d re
commend t»» the next Le;;ndaiore aom good
and efficient plan for its adoption We hope
every county will be represented in »hat con
vention ; and that the penpie, in their October
elections will make known their wishes to
tneir Legislative candidates; and that they
may go ins ructed to avend early anil effec
ivrly to the great duty of providing common
school education for the children ol Georgia
Common School Eilneallou.
Mr. Editok:—l have received a Liter from
each of the Judges of the Supreme Court of
the State, respecting our proposed Common
School Convention. These I hand you for
publication, believing they will exert an im
‘ portant influence in calling public attention
more earnestly to his great question.
It is gratifying, indeed, t> find the wi?e an 4
good of eur State so entirely agreed on this
subject. And lam glad to see the proposition
' boldly advanced, as in one of the subjoined
letters, that education, to the extent contem
plated by common schoo «, ta of every
citizen of the Stale. Tnis is the true ground;
and I trust the people will see that this right be
secured.
But as I suppo e, (he main diflicnlty lies in
adopting some practicable plan of carrying on
the work of popular education There are
' some intrinsic difficulties, which nothing but
mature wisdom and patient perseverance can
overcome. But the work is possible, and
those who rightly estimate its importance must
, come to it with a devotion which no difficulties
can deer Such a spirit will be rewarded wnh
’ success in the end.
New as a right beginning is half the battle.
• I propose that the friends cf this cause meet in
• convention for the purpose of comparing, de
‘ I be'i’ing discussing and adopting such a sys-
• tern as may be saiely recommended to the
State, and adop’ei by the Legislature. Let
every county be wisely represented.
April 16, *ISSI. Thos. F. Scott.
Grkknvillk, 10:h April, 1651.
, Dkar Sir : I have ihe pleasure to acknowl
-1 edge the receipt of your letter < f die sth tnst.,
inviting me to attend a convention of dele-
’ gates, lor the purpose of deliberating upon the
subject of common school education in this
Stale, to he held at Marietta, on ihe Sth July
next. I regret that my official engagements
I will prevent me from meeting with you on an
occasion of such vital interest to the people ol
1 Georgia. Whie thousands have been ex
pended by the State for the purpose of educa-
I ling the poor and destitute of her oitizena;
t yet. it is ’o be feared, that lor the want oi some
practicable system for i.e disbursement and ap
plication, very hide good, comparatively speak
ing, has resulted from the expenditure. What
untold benefits will result to the people of our
State from a well devised system ot common
school education ? Whoever shall accomplish
r so desirable an object, will b« justly regarded,
j as one of the greatest benefactors of his State,
n Compared with this great and paramount ne
ce*Bity, the political struggles of the day which
seem teeng-ige so much of the time and at
tention of our fellow-cuizens, are quite insigni
“ ficant.
Ail are agreed, that the xreat natural internal
resources of ibe State ought to be developed,
’ with as little delay as possible. To do this.
? science, skill and capital are indisp usable
• How is capital to be invited to be employed
• in the development of the resources us the
i t S ate ?
a By having the men with the necessary edu
cation. skih aad enterprise, to manage and di-
• reel it. The sons of the wealthier classes of
society may have the necessary intelligence,
but they will lack the great stimulant to enter-
• prise, ste*h neceesity 1: is the praciical me
et attic in all the various branches of the me
chanic arts, which the great interests of the
State so much demand, not merely prvfeesunel
a men. Among what ch?s ot our population
then are we to look for the men to elevate our
'• Siate, to that high an I proud post'ion which
her ua’ural advantagesso eiaiuently entitle her
to occupy ?
What class of children is to be the great
nurserv from which the State is to derive ner
6 most efficient agents m promoting her prosper
ity ? It is undoubtedly that class who, born
- wi hout fortune and family mil jence are com
l- pelted to rely upon iher own individual re
sources and energy to ob’.aiu a livelihood and
ig position in society, whaee facu les arequick
y ened. who-e energy and enterprise are stimu-
I lated by that necessity alone which will prompt
meh co laborious and vigorous action in all the
t: various pursuits of life
Born with at leastequal natural ability, how
important this class should receive the b 4 ns fits
of a common school education, not only for
their own temporal and spiritual welfare, but
for the welfare of the Sure? But how shall
this great object be accomplished, is still the
inquirv ? I w ill venture to Biggest that a gen
era! traveling superintendent sbouid be ap
pointed by me State, upon whom the whole
responsibility devolve of disbursing the
funds appr ipnated b*' the State, and require
him to report annually U ibe Governor a de
tailed etatement of bis operations, accompa
med by Ute accessary voucher* 1 * ■»
dxe boiiDeee es tbe superintendent to visa per
YUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, APRIL 30. IHSI.
sornilly each district in every county in (hi
■ Sta’e and employ teachers, where (hero ar<
no schools convenient. lam aware that ii
of the counties much difficulty exists
owing to the sparseness of tho population
- Perhaps this difficulty could be obviated tt
some ex ent by introducing the itinerating sys
te;n. Lst the teacher remain in one neighbor
f.ood say three months, and then remove to an
other, so as to afford all the primary element!
of an education. The great object is to gait:
d the end with fs liberal a hand as circum
“ stances wi I permit, and time will eneablc
3 i: to take root and produce tho desired
r fruit. I have thus, my dear sir, hurried*
t ly given to you my very imperfect
views i:i relation to this all important q .esiion
f; in ac-ordance with your request as chairman
of ihe committee appoin e«1 to call the con
J- vention upon the subject of co » mon school
education, and the only regret which I feel ia
J that 1 have n-tl been able ? o '>fl>ryoti something
’ more practical, in furtherance of the very
‘ honorable and meritorious cau*e in which you
’ and vour associates are engaged
1 beg you to accept iho assurance of my
regird and friendship, while 1 remain most
respectfully, your ob’t. aerv’t.
• Hiram Warner.
. Rev. Thoa. F. Scott, Columbus.
Athens, April 10th, 185!
' Dear Sir:— Your favor is duly received in
viting me to attend a Convention of Dele
gates to be held at Marietta the ensuing sum
mer, for the purpose of deliberating upon the
interests of common school education in
Georgia.
The enterprise meets my unqualified appro
bation—and should my health and official en
gagements permit, it will afford tne great
pleasure to unite th tj-fa. friends of th
. o!e cihfge— tn oeviaing some practicable sys
tem for the diffusion of education among the
entire population of onr State.
The value of popular education cannot be
over-rated. It is the life-blood of Republican
Government—the corner stone of our nation
al fabric. The purity and perpetuity of our
civil and religious institutions depend uoon it
Our patriot and Christian sires regarded it as
vital to the public prosperity; aud one of
their ear iest dehb raiive acts was to make
HUitable provisions “to foster seminaries of
learning.”
Give all the people aright education and
the rains may descend—the fl >ods come, and
the winds blow—but the Temple of our libar
y will stand firm and unshaken. I say right
ediica’io 1, for 1 hold tha" all education is ra li
cally defective, which fails to enthone coh
scieoue an! enlist the moral saase on the side
of outy. Mental cultivation may serve to
soften and refine the manners, regulate the so
cial intercourse and elevate man from a
savage to a highly civilised condition. But
the records of the living and the dead concur
in pronouncing that it is insufficient to extin
gii sh or control the elements <»f evil in his
fallen and depraved nature —E hication to
make man whit he should be, must minister
to his immortally. Twenty thousand per
sous were employed at one time in France in
proclaiming tnatchris iauity and republicans n
could no co-exisL The result proved as the
experiment will do, as olien as it is repealed,
that they cannot live and prosper apart. God
has joined them together. Let not vain man
undertake to divorce them.
It was the benevolent desire of George the
Third of England—that every child in the
kingdom should have a bible, and be taught to
read it. What American citizen should be
reared with a lower grade of instruction than
this ? And yet, the late census discloses the
fearful fact, that ia this highly favored country
there are hundreds of thousands ©f voters
who are unable to read.
Let every friend of freedom then gird him
self to the task of educating more extensive'y
and more perfectly, the whole penpie of the
State And be not weary in well doing, until
the mighty work is done. Let the rich and
ibe poor be brought together in the same
schonfo, and grow up with the feeling, tha r
they are /<ff/ow-citizen« of ihe same common-
Wealth—joint heirs of the same heavenly hope
and precious promises. N • wonder the poor
school plan has proved a failure. No svsietn
of education should ho t<derated, which in
fringes upon the sell-respect of any class of
ii e community. E/ery child should be en
titled to ciaim educa’ioti 39 a birth-r ght, and
not as ao alms. And ihe S a’e a kind nor
sing mother is b >imd to bes ow it upon all,
wno sustain the filial relation—ol whatever
creed or condition. I am, very respectfully,
your obedient servant,
Jos. Henrv Lumpkin.
Rev. Taos. F. Scott
Macon, Geo , April 7, 1851.
D r arSi-:— Your letter of tho 7ih hh
was received tea'.erday The prooosed con
ypß’ion to re held at Manet tain July next, to
dHVISe 101118 pfttcnunu t- nj0.K..,, ... »,
school educa'iou for the S ate, meets my hearty
approval. Every sensible man
greatly need a goad svsiem of common
schools. Aside from re d piety, it is about the
only thing our people do 111 fact need. We
abound 111 all the eletnonts of a great and hap
py commonwealth. Our advancing intellec
lual aud physical wealth ho got to be almost
a proverb among our confederates. But our
Statesmen and Pnilanthropists ought to reflect,
that beyond a given point, our resources can
not be developed without common education,
by which I mean the education of all the peo
pie. They must he instructed, e'.se in a few
years we sh ill have a taiued the maximum
p intof commercial, social and mono ary im
provement. Education in th** masses is the
he-t guarantee of wise and safe government,
of wholesome laws, of order, right and jus
tice. his the greatest of al- the preventives
of crime and ihe most economicil dsf nee
against it. It has been truly said that “educa
tion is the chief defence of nations.” Th s is
philosophically and experimentally tru°.
The best way for tho Stale to reduce taxation,
to increase tho taxable property of a 8 ate
aud to buildup the mechanic arts, and to in
troduce the fine arts, will be to educate the
people. And if it be, as it clearly is. one of
the trusts of Government to make nwn in
dividually happy, I should like to know how
the trust can be better executed than by ena
bling every man and woman in the State 10
read and write, and thereby, to think. No
man is a worse farmer, m» cnanic, tradesman
or day laborer, because he has the rest ur :e«
of reading and reflection, but better on that
account and far happier. Now all these pro
positions are themes tor elaboration. 1 hav
not tune, al hough I have inclination for the
work, my otfic al duties tasking me to the ut
most. It is well known that all the provision
ihe Stale now make* for common education,
amounts to just nothing at all. Education
has made rapid advances ir Georgia within the
last twelve years. V* ry little thanka however
10 the Slate for it, except iu so far as she has
su-tained the University. The business ol
common education with peculiar reais less
obligations, devolves upon tte State. That
is her chief educational fi-ld. I cannot be
lieve that the State is indiff rent to this great
subject. The difficulties with the ure
are, I apprehend, two. First, the unwilling
ness oi members to tax their constituents »o
rase the necessary funds. Second, the pre
paration and presentation of" a satisfactory
pian; a plan that affords a good promise ot
working well. You. my dear sir, are moving
in the nghi direction to obvi i e these difficul
ties. By stirring the question judic ously
among the people; by discussions, conven
tions and general and f oca! organizations you
will in a few years, bring tbe people th-m
selves to move in the matter and to demand
common schools, as a popular right. When
they dJ that, the Legislature will no longer
hesitate to vole iho necessary means, and thus
. the fir*t obsiacle is removed. A suitable plan.
adapted as is mu-t be to our free institutions—
to our mixed and in some localities sparse pop
ula’ion and at the same time adjusted to the
prospective greatness of Georgia, is, I confess,
' a desideratum of exceeding great difficulty
Yet wh<» so capable of devising such apian,
as intelligent, educated citizens, convened
J from time to time, to consult about and delibe
rate upon it
‘ Although difficult, it is far from being im
practicable Only let a few of the right sort of
’ meu lay hold »fit in earnes., and the thing is
done. If you by the convention you pro
pose, can present to the Legit attire such a
1 system, you remove the second difficilty. 1c
is an object worthy the ambition of the great
est among us. and certainly commends itself
. to ihe earnest support of the best. I know
not that I will be able to meet with the friends
us this enterprise at their convention in July
I will be there if possible
It shall have, however, my humble support
and co-operation, it is a vast interest for our
J great and much loved State, and every county
in it, outfit al once to appoint delegates to that
• convention. Respectfully your friend.
E A. Nisbet.
1 Rev T. F. Scott. Colnmbua. Ga.
Latest from Rio De Janerio.—The brig
Eleanor a» Bai im -re on Saturday sailed from
• de Jenerto on the 4 h March. The sieamsnip:
- Independence and Sea Bird, from New York
I and Monumental city, from Bal imore. had
1 arrived a: Rio on their way to the Pacific
r The follow iug letter from our corrrsponden
1 furnis.ies ihe latest markets
r Riu de J iNURo, March 4 1851. —Coffee
Suppl.es of Coffee have been very liberal, bu
I the demand has Deen equal to tne supply, anc
r no slock of any account has been suffered t€
- accumu ate The receipts from iba country
n will no doubt con mue good ?or several month:
• yet, but there mu s’ be a gradual diminution a:
we approach the close of the season. Price:
‘I have been well sustained, no withstanding les:
• encoaragmg advices from Europe; and wt
- look for no decl.ne, but rather an advancing
't market, unless tne consuming marked shad a
e sum* a more favorable aspect. Local influ
; ence? favor an advancing ; market any otne
r j tendency must be imported f r o n w thotr. Wi
a I quote superiors 3|500 a 336(H); mixed 10l
r 3J450 a 35300; good first 3|3dU a 354u0.
it I
II I Washington. Aprii 20. .Varvu Ccurt-Mar
e tial.— The Naval Court Martial recenlv a«sem
1 bl ad *ere for ihe trial of Lieu:. Fabias Stanley
i- for chaUeng ng his superior officer, has lougi
ea singular verdict On the first count, “tha
e Stanley fals iy sta’ed na had coalienged Caps
e Johns o"—guilty ; second count “8 an<ej
3 actaaHy challenged Capt Johnson 7 ’—-guilty
a- I'ne Secretary oi thr Navy perceiving tne Insc
a. of the finding, haa rem&ndea bac
r- dit LpuiL
From the
Mr. Gliddon’a
3> This discourse —which, itUVovehy of facts
n ’ and logical method of the most
[0 ! curious of those hitherto deliwad—professed
g . to elucidate the civilization bleated by the
r . ■ ante Abrahamic sculptures of Egypt : an
B . | empire exhumed by Lep«»u* w’m B. C. 2200
tg to B. C. 3500. By eßta.bl»sninf-ih to positive ex
n istence of this civilization, ukhictive reason
may attain a glimpse of th® to the
1 0 pyiamids, when Egyptian hunaitfiity was, so to
j spe -k, at its primary school- -Ag
l_ Creative Providence ha*J ybbcealed from
, t each individual man alike hi4«»yig*n and his
11 end. When we arrive at njw&ood we can
n only trace back our own e»V r l- by the help of
! memory, ro a certain per Os* of childhood.
( j Every personal event thatoecujrod before that
, time, must be accepted on Dk<d,_from the re
, presentations of others* A J Rations are but
y aggregations of individuate, Jt follows that
j their origines must to tho ever re
main unknown. All that th J < can
f hope for is to reach, by inveatiga
t lion*’, some earlier period of humanity you’.h
ful history than we moderns have yet attained.
What memory is to the individual man, history
is to mankind in general* At what age, then,
of humanity do the Egyptian* —the oldest mon
umental people —precent thqnseives on the
. painted sculptures in the toiabs opened by
Lepsius, dated as far back; a$ ;i ' ? '3s,h century
. B C.f
, The plates of the great Prussian work
{ (which were produced) themselves answer
this question At the very i-l’est period of
which we possess any records, 'he Egyptian is
already a civilised man Th® P-tbfs exhibited
t were as coov ncing as theY^-JBij^atounding
; Mr. <’ ‘s xs .r ' 58^^"'
ed to establish chai (teoelopnuint \u Egyptian as
. in all other nationalities, is the nniverxal law.
Th? following are a few items ol this discourse,
} which occupied nearly two hours in delivery.
‘ We speak always of the pyramidal sculptures,
ranging backwards from the 22d to the 35th
century B C*:)
The portraits in these tombs of the earliest
( pyramids (numbers of which were shown) are
p Caucasian in if not in lineage.
, There is nothing negro about them. L may
be doubted, indeed, if the Egyptians knew of
the existence of negro races, which are not
I now, and never were, nearer to Egypt than rhe
l 15 h degree of north latitude, before the 12th
dynasty, when King O< rtasen, about 2300
: years B C . conquered Upper Nubia. After
this fixed point, specimens of Nigritian popu
lations, exclusively as foreigners, captives, and
slaves, abound n Pharaonic sculptures.
In the p ramidal period the Egyptians had
already domesticated such animals as are capa
ble of domestication, a- d as then existed with
in their zoological region—such as cait'e, goats,
sheep, d igs, asses, geese, &c. Th st y had not
the barn door fowl, but they tamed the ibis.
Mr. G id.ion pointed to several mummies of
these birds which he had in a case— millions of
which exist in ®omt! of the tombs. The ibis is
no longer met within Egypt; it has receded
into Upper Nubia. In lieu of fowls, unknown
probably in Africa before the Persians B. C.
525 the Egyptians domesticated vast numbers
of geese and ducks.
in all Pharaonic ages, auddown to the Mo
hammedan invasion, A D 641, he peoole of
Egypt cultivated (he lotus, the papyrus
the persea—plant® now no ! n nger m t with in
the lower provinces of the Nile They had no
horses before the days of Abraham, and no
camels at any time until the Persian conquest,
B. C 525 None of the«e animals are io be
found among the primordial sculptures. Their
use was derived from Arabia and Mesopotamia,
where they seem to have been common at very
early ages.
The horse was introduced from Asia, cer
tainly between the 12ffi and 18th dynasties—
probably by the Ilyksos invaders; to repel
whose cavalry the Egyptians invented the cha
riot—a vehicle not met wi h in the antecedent
pyramidal rciilptures, though abounding on
those of the 18<h and cf every later dynasty
subsequent to B C 1800.
The first archoological appearance nf the
camel in Africa is on the monuments of Merr'e,
of a date n »t earlier than (he 21 century B C
This Asia ic animal—necessari'y familiar to
.Abraham—is referred o. however, in hiero
glyphical records,(according to the highest au
ihority, Mr. Birch,)as existing in Arabia as ear
ly ai the 15lh century B C. The Persians, in
th6th century B C., doubtless brought it
with them to Egypt; but this invaluable ‘ship
of the desert” was not disseminated over ihe
northern and eastern parts of the African con
tinent until the Mohammedan conquests —that
is, later ihtnA. D 641. Here the lecturer
digressed upon camels and dromedaries, with
critical e'ueidations—producing the beautiful
plates of Prisxe, Botta, Flandin, and Layard,
to show ihe existence now of the same species
. and vappttes of the Arabian tingle bumped
t „,,j eanael. and oF »h« two-hutrped
have been scattered from Tirnbuctoo to China
at our modern age.
M r. G>iddon pointed out upon the sculptures
of the old empire, back to 5300 years ago, the
hyena the wolf, ihe j ickal, the fox, and dogs
of almost every breed known in our day— the
greyhound, the bloodhound, the house dog,
Ac —arguing from the fact of such monumen
tal existence the unalterable perpetuation of
spec es—" primordial organic type-”—quoting
the triumphant refutation made by Dr. Murton,
president ot the Academy of Science® at Phila
delphia, of the fallacious z iologica. theories of
Dr. B-chman, o f Charleston, South Carolina.
Piiilological development in human speech
came next in order. The parallelisms among
different na ions, and the philosophical results,
were at once extraordinary and copious; but
we must be content with a mere digest.
After alluding to tho manner in which our
own language had increa-ed in words, and il
iustraftng in a method scientific because sim
ple and natural, our Anglo Saxon linguistic
developments from the days of A’fired to those
of N< Webster. Mr G. applied the st me
principle to the hnHiiages of ihe Nile, which
furni-h the philologist wnh lexicons for about
4000 years at all epochs. The Cop’ic Egyp
tnn, in the sth century after Christ, had an
alphabet of 31 letters—24 Greek and 7 De
motic. The Demotic or popular writing was
invpnted about B. C. 7UO The Egyptians,
1000 v ears before this die—i. e , before ibe
18'.hdynasty, ihe age of Moses—had only the
Hit ratio (or priestly ) writing and hieroglyph
ics. The Hieratic, which is the current hand
writing of Egyptian papync literature, came
into use before the 12ib dynas y, B. C. 2200;
but the hieroglyphic system was already in
( perfection in lbe*3d dynasty, B C 3500. At
that day however, the unsophisticated Egyp
’ tian had but 15 vocal art cuiations. expressed
by 12 consonants and 3 vowels; from which
it appear® that in 4000 ysars from the 3d dv
, nasty,down to afer the Christian era, the
l Egpy t ans hid developed their language from
, 15 ariiculations to 31 phonetic sounds, each
t progressive epoch being faithfully stamped
upon the monuments. From a monosyllabic
, tongueof perhaps 500 linguistical roots, ihe
' old Egyptian speech was enlarged, dynasty by
dynas y, with increasing civilization, until,
j after the Christian era, tho Coptic becomes
polysyllabic, betraying proofs all along of its
monosyllabic origin Air G. connected these
f facta with the traditionary relici of Greek,
, Ph®nician, Hebrew, and other Semitic na*
’ ions, all of whom trace their alphabet to but
15 or 16 primitive letters.
Mr. G then traced upon a black board the
, hieroglyphic signa for ihe jeribe’s palet e and
the papyrus scroll as found upon the menu
the 3d and 4 h dynurie®, exp aming
j that pen, ink, paper, and books were therefore
r familiar to the Egyptians 1500 years prior to
s Abraham by showing these symbols on L?p
sms’s plates At the time, referring to
the table of alphaoe-s published in his Hand
book, he maintained that there is extant no
purely alphabetical writing, divested of inter
mixed symboheal, figurativeMgn®. prior to the
Bth century B. C. ‘lt is (he said) to Egyyt
that we owe the blessings that have followed
in th® train of A. B. C, D.”
_ Numerals and decimal notation were hen
taken up. The lecturer explained how 3500
years B C. the Egy piians possessed already
cyphers for units uns, huidred-, thousands.
f myriads, handreds of thousands, millions &c.,
mdefini ely. The builderl of the pyramids
a also had a practical knowledge of fracti mi;
[t so uat Mr. G. seems justified in ridiculing
? the common opinion that wo are indebted to
lj- either Greeks, Hindoos, or Arabs for the dis
v co very of decimal numeration He showed
3 the e number* from zero so millions on Lep
r sius’s pla’.es—drawing .heffl also on h:s black
board for the gratification ot his auditorv.
rt Having disposed of the three Rs, (“reading,
r riling, and nibmetic,”) hs next took up the
v ancient divisions of time The Egyptians poa
ses»ed notations for time from fractional sigr.e
below the 6Uth part oi a minute lo hours ot GO
minutes ; and tha’ they had po«?e-»ed these
subdivisions is evident fro® the earliest mono
men a’ chronicles—tha’ is to say, 3500 years
g B. C. Their existence may be traced no' only
n through the entire pyram dica! period, (1500
>g years, ending 2200 B- C. ) but downward,
throughout every Pharaonic epocl), to u e days
d of th** Roman Emperors DaCius and Pescen*
e, nius Niger, who reigned n the 3J century of
3 « the Christian era. and are bo last royal names
-ecorded in hieroglypbics. These primeval
Egyptians diviied the day into 12 boors ot
it darkness an! 12 nf light, and had besides an
I{ j e:. u uuctia‘dav of 24 boors. A decade was 10
o days, ( heir week.) Uol’.ke th» more recent
v Hebrews, the Egyptians never had a -acred /th
is day. Three weeks of W days ma'e tneir
43 ! month of 30 days. Four months (120 days)
1 made ibeir reason, and three seas_«ns their
i \?ar 0f360 days—in accordance with Nilotic
re phenomena an I climatology —pre«orved by
g tne Egyptian Fellahs to this day. The hiern
s- giypbicai signs tor these divisions exist to this
j. nour un the stones of the pyramids ol the 3i
Br dynasty at Daamor—fixed by Leprnua in me
e 35 h century B C. They had vanoua kinds of
year-: a moon year of 354 days; a solar year
oi 360 days, with the epag mena. or 5 day s’ m
terca ation—ca ed in hieroglyph cs “ the 5 days
r- over the year'■—making the civil yttar of 365
n- days. They had, moreover, a fixed sidereal
iv yea r —regulated by the heliacal rising of Sinus,
id or Ute Dog-S ar—of 365 j days, by which they
at obtained a °f tb ree years of 365
•t. days, an i one year o! 365 days, corresponding
•y to our Btssexu eor leap year*
y- We moderns suppose “ Leap year
have been invented b« Juliw C®*ar, 46 B. C. ;
ck al.hougn history teite us d>®- be obtained it
from Egypuaa priest wio coaid
Havu ?h wn H on hi* country'* uncirn; tCilip
Hire?, da ing 3400 years before After men
tinning many different cycles of various com
binations of these year J , Mr. G. closed hi* lec
ture with die remark, that the Groat So;hic
leriodof 14G0 years 365| days was introduced
into the Egvptinn calender between the years
3282 and 3285 B. C., in tho reign of Num
dhoopho. builder of the great pyram’d. 5144
years ago, some 13 centuries before Abraham
came io Egy pt.
This is a very meager account of the extraor
dinary facts that ■• ere disinterred by the Prus
sian mission in 1842 condensed into this lee
Hire. They were all published in Lepsius’e
works; but through Mr. Glddon alone is it
that our public has come to know anything
o: them. To write the history of primitive
nations, and to leave out these wonderful rev
elations, seems to us, as Mr. Gliddon remark
ed, very much like acting the play of Hamlet,
“ the part of Hamlet being left out by panic
ular request.”
Birth Place of Washington,
A few days sin n e wo clipped from one of
our exchanges the statement, which originally
appeared in the Boston Transcript, cl timing
England as the birth place of Washington
with a view to contradict it, but by some
means it got into the hands of the composit' r,
and was published without the intended cor
rection. That such a story should gain such
general circulation through the press of the
country, is remarkable, and shows how many
paragraphs are reproduced through the news
paper press without a moment's reflection
their contents. In this instance, how
ever we do not regret it, as it has prompted
the Richmond Times tn the preparation of the
following very interesting sketch of the na
tivity and family of the “Father of his Coun
try,” which should be raad and treasured by
every man, woman and child in the land:
*' The following extraordinary statement is
rapidly travelling the round of newspapers in
'he United States, and was copied (inadver
tently, we must presume) in the Richmond
Whig: ”
Was Washington born in Englandl-THc
Bosion Transcript j übliehe* an extract from a letter
dated fsleworth, Middlesex, England, February 25tb,
1851, written by a Mr. Gso. Field, and addressed
to Geo. Harvey, Etq,, Winthrop House, Boston
Mr. Field has in his possession an original portrait
ol Washington's mother, which he wishes to pre
sent to our Government. Mr. Field is seventy-five
years old, and a gentleman in every way to be re
tted on. He raises the question of Washington’s
native land by the following paragraph :
“ It happened when I was a boy, that being in
the neighborhood of Cookh.tin, ’with an
uncle of mine, be pointed out a pretty country cot
tage in which the parents of Gen. Washington re
sided, and from which they removed to America.
Our road led to a green or common, where there
resided a Mrs. Ann Merer, whose maiden name
was, I believe, Taylor, who there showed me the
portrait of Mrs. Washington, and other rcliques of
the family, given to her when they quitted the place
for America, to whiih country tier aunt and mother,
she told me, “U-ok their son (Geo. Washington) in
her arms.’ I believe 1 use her own expression.”
Mr. Field subsequently purchased this portrait,
and says he has shown it to numberless persons,
and that he was induced to address a letter to Judge
Washington, at Mount Vernon in ofluring to
restore the pi lure, but did not receive an answer*
Nothing has occurred, within our recollec
tion, which reflects less credit upon the man
ner of conducing public journals in this
country than the general publication of this
worse than ridiculous story. We are equally
surprised and mortified to find that it has even
gamed admission to the columns of a promi
rient po itical paper issued in the city which
bears the name of the man whose fame is the
most valuab e posseiston of the nanon.
No historical fact is batter established or
more capable of proof, than that George
Washington was born in Westmoreland
county, Virginia, on the 22d of February,
1732 (new style.) and it is astonishing that
American journiiiats should be so wanting in
patriotic pride, as to circulate an idle annua
lained assertion that he was a naive of Eng
land. Every American, and especially every
Virginian might be expected to rept-l the
statement indignantly, as an ofTeuce to his in
telligence. But inasmuch as a question is
said to be raised by this English story, as to
Washington’s native land, it maybe well to
set it 'o rest.
in Sparks’invaluable work 3 the Life and
Wnitngs of W’a hington, a full account is
given of General Washington’s family, with a
continuous unbroken genedogy, from the be
ginning of the siiteenth century. Amongst
other inter sting materials, the appendix to the
l-t vjlume contains a paper drawn up ny
lien. Wavhit g'on himself, during his Presi
dency. at the request of Sir Isaac Heard, then
G ter K ug-et-Anns in London, whose curit
oxity httd let! him to iuve»»igateFtho pedigree of
Geo. Washington’* reply is Gated, “Philadel
phia. 2d May, 1792.” and. in it, wi.h charac
tertstic republican frankness, be tells the Gar
ter King : “This is a subject to which. I con
fess, I have paid very tittle a tention My time
has been so much occupied in the busy and
active scenes of life, from an early period of
it. that but a small portion could have been
dev'ted to researches of this nature, even if
my inclination should have prompted to the
inquiry.” The letter of Gen. Washington
covers i a paper containing full particulars
re-pecting that branch of the Washington
family which emigrated to Virginia It is
sufii tent for our present purpose, to quote
from this document the following extracts:
“In the year IG';7, or thereabout*, and dining
the usurpation of Oliver Cromwell, John and Law
rence Washington, brothers, emigrated from the
North of England,* and settled at Bridge’s Creek,
jn die Poiotuac river, in the county of Westtnore
land Bui from whom they descended the subscri
ber is possessed of no document to ascertain.
“ Jam Washington was employed as general
against the Indians m Maryland, and, a< a reward
for his services, was made a Colonel, and the pariah
wherein lie lived was called after him. He married
Anne Pope, and lelt issue two sons, Lawrence and
John, and one daughter, Anne, who married Majoj
Francis Wright. The time of bis death the sub
scriber is not able to ascertain ; but it appears that
tic was interred in a vault that b'd been erected at
Bridge’s Creek.
“Lawrence Washington, bis eldest son, married
Mildred W roer, daughtercf Col. Augustine War
ner, ol Gloucester county, by whom fie had two
sons, John sn 1 A igusiine. and one daughter, named
Mildred. He died in 1 b 97, and was interred in the
family vault at Bridge's Creek.
♦ • • “ Augustine, son of Lawrence
and Mildred Washington, married June Eutier the
daughter of Caleb Boiler of Westmoreland, April
20 h 1715. by whom be had three sone, Butler
(who died young,) Lawrence anl Augu&tine, an 1
one daughter, Jane, who died when a child. Jane,
wife of Augustine, died N vember 24th, 1728, and
was buried in the fa niiy vault, at Bridge’s Qieek.
“ Augustins then marred Mary Ball, March the
6th, 1730, by whom tie had issue Georgs [the writ
er, j born Pet ruary 11’h, (od style.) 1732; Betty,
born June 20U>, 1733 ; Samuel, born November
16rti, 1734 ; John Augustine, born January 13th,
1735; <'tiarles, May Ist, 1733; mid Mildred, June
21st, 1739. who thed October 28th, 1710 Augus
tine departed ibis life, Apr I 12th, 1743, aged 40
years, and was interred at Bridge’s (’reek, in ths
vault of hie ancestors
“ George, eldest son of Augustine Washington, by
(hesecond marriage, was born in Westmoreland
County, ana married January 6;h, 1759, Martha
(Just s widow of Daniel Park Gattis, aud a daugh
ter cf J ohn Dandridge, both of New Kent county ;
has no issue.”
From this statement, prepared by General
Washington himself, it appears that he was
born “in Westmoreland county.” tn 1732. that
he was great grands on of J bn Washington,
who emigrated to Virginia and settled at
Bridge’s Creek, in Westmoreland, aboir xepdn
ly five years before that tune, and mat his fa
ther, grand father and great-grand-la'.her all
resided in Westmoreland and were all buried
in the family vault at Bridge's Creek Os
course, the statement of this Mr. Field, of
Middlesex, England, that he, when a boy, saw
an old woman, who had seen Gen Washing
ton’s parents when they lived at a pretty cot
tage in Berkshire, is without a shadow of foun
dation.
Whilst upon this topic, it may be well to
give a connected account of the Washington
family, in England, from the earliest period of
bvh'ch there is any record concerning it, down
to John Washington, the great-grandfather of
Gen Washington. Mr Sparks investigated
the subject with great care, daring a visit to
England, and expresses confidently the opin
ion that the faintly descended from a gentle
man. whose original name was William ui
Htrtburn, but who assumed the name of Wash
ington (or Wess',ng’on, as it was then written)
from a manor so called in Durham county, ot
which he was proprietor. Thu manor wa
h«id in me male line for some 130 years, until
about the ye«r MOO. when it went into o her
hands. Henry Washington, a member of the
family, gained dis’inetion in 1646 by his
galiant defence of the city of Worcester
against the Parliament forces, and Mr Sparks
thinks it ceraiii that he was the nephew
of John and Liwrence Washington, who erm
gra ed to America. The following extract
from the historian s memoir of the Washing
ton family, presents a continuous genealogy,
in the direct line, from the first person certain
ly known to be an ancestor of Geu. Washing
ton :
“Toe ancestors of Gen Washington are traced
in a direct line to Whitfield and W arton in the coun
ty of Lancaster. • • B-ksr gives a pedigree of
the family tn Lm aster county lor three generations.
At what time the emigration of some ot the mem
bers U the South took place is uncertain. Theear-
I best notice we hive on the subject is in 1532, when
i I awrence Washington son ot John V'asaington, of
Wartoa, was Mayor of Northampton. H s mother
was a daughter or Ro‘»er KUton, of W arton. and
sister to Sir Thoma-* K Ison, aiderman of London.
/■Yom M£s (Lite Uie genealogy is unbroken. Up n
the surre der of the monasteries in 1533, the manor
, of Sulgrave, near Norths i p’rnn, which belonged to
the Priory of St. An irew, wi- given up to the cro*n;
i and the next year this manor and other lands in the
v;cinity, were granted to Lawrence "ash'Hgloa.
“The death of this Lawrence Washington, ac
cording to Baker, occurred on the 19 h of Feoruary.
' 1584. Tne manor of Salgrave descended to his
' eldest sen, Pcoert. ?t was long h-id in the family,
and tbeace der.ved rhe name of H 'askingbon’s .Ma
t nor. The first Lawrence Washiug:oa us Sulgrave
hid eleven children, Car sons aud seven daughters.
> His eldest son, Ro ert, was twice married, and had
- sixteen children, ten sone and six daughters, l.aw-
• .Vj‘« {by A/ - . Spa-ks.)— Tais trail ion prooa-
* bly oro-e trxn the circum-vance that Juba
• tun owned an estate at Sauth Cave, iu tbe East Ki
t ding of ue comity of York, waere no resided be
i er, M euae to Aaorica.
Fence, the eldest son of Robert Washington, had
fourteen children, seven sons and seven daughters.
The eldest son wa.-i Sir William Washington, of
Packington who married the half sister of George
Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, as stated above, and
wa-the father (as is supposed) of Sir Henry Wash
ington, the defender of Worcester. The second and
fourth of these sons were John and Lawrence Wash
ington, who emig ated to Virginia about the year
1657. They were great-grandsons of the first Law
rence Washington of Sulgrave; and John was the
great grandlather of General Washington. These
particulars may be seen more at large in Baker’s
pedigree of the family inserted hereafter.”
From this narrative it appears that General
Washington’s ancestors, before 1532, had their
I -rnily seat in Lancaster county, and from that
year until the emigration to Virginia, in North
amptonshire. John, his great-grandfather,
however, is known to hare lived in the county
of York before he left England. Baker's pedi
gree, referred to in the above extract, gives a
very complete genealogy, from which we col
lect the names of the male ancestors in lhe di
rect line, as follows:
John Washington, of Whitfield, co. Lane.
Rouert “ ” Wartcn, “
John u •* “ “
Lawrence 11 *• Northampton, (grantee of Sul-
grave, 1533-9.)
Robert “ “ Sulgrave, Northampton.
Lawrence “ *• “ “
John “ South Cave, York, (emigrated
to America.
I awrence “ “ Bridge’s Creek, Va.
Augustine” “ Washington Parish, Westmore-
land.
George lt lt Mount Vernon.
It will be observed that no member of tho
family, in the direct line, resided in Berkshire.
Professor Page’s Expirimuntal Trip.—
Owing to the announcement that on Saturday,
Professor Page’s Electro Magnetic Locomo
tive would have a preliminary trial on the Rail
road, a large number of persons including
many of scientific attainments, were in atten
dance, near the station-house, manifesting a I
marked interest in the success of the experi
ment. A report that an accident had occurred
excited apprehensions to lhe minds of many
that there was to be either a postponement or
a failure. However, this state of feeling was
somewhat relieved by the appearance of Pro
fessor Page himself on the platform of his car,
who informed the spectators that two of the
cells in the middle of the battery which he was
about to employ had exploded—an occurrence
he said, which had not r efore taken place in the
course of his two years' experiments ; but that
in order that the company which had assem
bled might not be disappointed, the locomotive
would nevertheless shortly move. Like the
sun which at that moment emerged from a
dark rain cloud, this brief announcement
brightened the countenances of all who heard
it, and, much to their satisfaction, in the cour e
of five minutes the car came forth from its
shed, moved steadily, and wended its way on
the rails for several hundred yards; then paus
ed and backed to another track, and again
moved forward in the direction of Baltim tre
We had no means of ascertaining its speed,
but should judge that it was at the rate of about
five or six miles per hour, wnich, for an expe
rimental trip, with a crippled battery, wasdoiug
remarkably well, we think Indeed, we have
hardly a d -übt, from what Professor Page has
already accomplished, that he will ere long at
tain the successful application of electro mag
netic power to vessels and railway trains now
propelled by steam.
It was a novel spectacle to witness a car
smoothly aud quietly emerging from its place
of shelter, wi h none of its machinery visible,
and travelling over the rails without the usual
accompaniments of the puffing steam, the
glowing furnace, the dense volume of black
smeke, and lhe clashing of heavy enginery,
and only occasionally emitting a bright flish
under the car—the miniature lightning of this
wonuerful invention.
Having gone out some distance on the road,
the locomotive then returned as noiselessly as
it went, when it was safely housed.
Whatever doubts may be entertained as to
Professor Page’s ultimate success, it should be
re men. bered that.his present efforts have al
ready compassed much more than those ex
pended iu the first experiments with steam as
a motive power, durin? an equal period of
time.— Washington Republic.
The Hillotypk Discovert in Dacuer
reut¥PES -Tne last number of the Daguerruau
Journal primed in New Yarlc, contains another
communication from Mr. Hill, relative to bis
discovery of producing a variety of tints ol
colors in the same plate. The editor iu pre
facing (he letter says the views of land cape
by this process are unequalled : the flower
garden with ail its variety of blooming flowers
can ba inioria'ed with a degree es oxactce-s
aud brilliancy which bo imag na ion can cam
prebend. It will prcbibly be six mo*ith befoie
the discovery is ready fur the public. Mr. Hill,
io order to show that he can produce more,
ita* VkflaitV; t *oßV v th
lebouiing mao, with a sunburnt face, very red
cheeks and lips, blue eyes, auburn hair, the
cravat red and b’ue; all the ab >ve colors arc
developed with truthfulness A collection of
• mall paints, red yellow, blue, and combi
nslioue of these forming seven shades of red.
as many of yellow, three of b'ue. five of xreen.
three tints of purple, making in all twenty
eight hoes, all of which he has on his plate to
the veiy tint, except the chroma yellow, a
color which he has the most ditlic ilty with, but
which he thinks he can overcame. Tne discovery
it itehoeld turn out as stated, is a very interest
ing and important one. We are assured, by a
gentleman of this ci y, who has seen the spe
cimens, that the discovery .e genuine and that
the colors taken have the same force and bril
liancy as is exhibited in nature. Ha say* noth
ing can exceed ths beauty and perfection ol
these colored impressions.
Earthquake at Macri And Rhodes.—Ac
counts from Malta announce a succession of
esrthquakts whicn have been felt as well at
Malta, a town of Naiolia, in Asiatic Turkey,
ns at Samsoon. a seaport in the Biack Sea,
within the same province, and at the Island of*
Rhodas, situate at lhe entrance of lhe Gulf of
Macri, attended at the first mentioned place
and its immediate vicinity with great destruc
lien of life end property The first shock was
felt on the 28th of February, borween five and
hal -past five P. M when at Rhodes; lhe up
per part of the casde, which is at the entrance
es the town, fell with an awful crash, over
whelming the offices of the Austrian Loyd’s
Steam Navigation Company, whilst lhe Tower
of Arrays Kilo, which commands lhe entrance
of th j harbor, and several O’her pans of the
fortifications sustained great injury, as did
likewise mitjy dwelling-houses, eomie of which
were shaken to their foundations ob lhe rock ;
others cracked throughout. The oscillations
were from west to east blighter shocks suc
ceeded almost daily up to the 7ih of March
At Macri, on the mrn land, and immetiate
neighborhood, tbe consequences have been
most disastrous and heartrending The whole
of the houses, dwellings, and steres lately erec
ted in lhe town have been levelled to the
ground; fissures have I een formed in tbe
streets, from which bituminous vapors exude
continually almost suffocating the inhabitants;
many springs have dried up, whilst in arid lo
ca'tties new ones have gushed out, changing
the whole features of the earth’s surface.
The town of which contained sis
teen hundred houses, has not one left standing
anl no leas than six hundred human bei* g«
are reckoned to be under lhe ruins, which
number would have been awfully augmented
had the shock been a f ter nightfall, when the
inhab tants retire to their homes after the ia-
Ibors of the day.
Tne village of Chiorge ha* nearly met with
the same fate, the uppur part ot a huge moun
tain having fa'h n into and blocked up the
. small port of Ekengtk, overwhelming all the
dwellings round about i s base. Ano her vil
lage, more inland, his be n buried from the
fal’, in opposite directions, of tw t hills, be
tween which it was situated.
The »urv ivo r s at Macri, alarmed by the re
peated shocks, which were still occuriing for
five days after, though of a much siighier na
lure, had fled for safety on board small craf.s
and fi-hing-boa a, carrying with them what
property they could from time to time dig
1 out from benea h the rums of the storehouses,
1 most of which has been removed to tiimi,
I Rhode*, and other islands.
' At Samsoon a smart shock wa* felt on lhe
25th of February, but it caused nadamage. Oar
reader? will remerr her that (he fam- us colossus
1 of Rhodes, which in its day was reckoned one
of the seven wonders of the world, was thrown
> down by an eirhqTake 234 years before Christ
and fifty years aner its »*.r»*r*ion, being of the
enormous weight of 713 600 lbs To some
■ such event is rio doub'a-.s > attributable the ex
tensive magn fluent rums of many cities wmen
exis: tn Lvcia and ;he Valley of the Xinthus,
1 of which Macri is lhe port and from whence
the British Museum imported the iu'eresiifig
• works of art whicn adorn i s saloons, discover
’ ed or more properly speak ng, recovered by
Mr Feliowes, some leu years ago.
1 Since the foregoing was inivpe we have
■ s.enfetters fr>m Trebizond, another city of
• Asiatic Turkey, tne ancient Trapesns, down
■ to the shol M sch. which make mention of
■ 'wo smart shocks of eirtnqnaka having t.een
experienced thereat. 8 ove pipes got detached
i from the walls of lhe house*, doors flaw open
aud many old tenements threatened to fa I
f about the ears of tne inmates, but no accidents
• of consequ snee resuhel. Earthquakes are of
very rare occurrence at th.a seaport. —
’ English Paper.
r A Rare Snuff Box —Toe Alla California
j has the following description of an article re
cetjly manafact .red at San Francisco, lobe
?. exhibited at tne World’s Fair:
r A Cuioji y Bor th Seeing.— Dec of the m st
0 perfect specimens of mechanical ingenuity we
; have ever seen, wai shown to us yesterday at
e tbe s ore of Messrs. Woodworth Morris,
and we doubt very much if in the wno e cata
logue of productions intended for the coming
exnibi ion, at the World’s Fair, in Leaduu,
, there will be anything so exquisitely beautiful.
It t? a *nuff-box, made ol solid gold, se: with
largrt pearls, and covered with the richest en
e amehug, containing a diminat.ve Canary-bird
i. aboa. tbe sme of a bea, which aops out from
d the lid oi the box on touching a spring. After
2. fluttering ns wings and clearing its throat, the
i ule creature favors you with a song, the notes
of wnich are wirbled for h so clearly and na
j. turally, that yon nan scarcely allow yourself to
believe that you are not Usteomg tea real living
bird.
VUL.LXV—NEW SERIES VOL.XV--NO. 18.
THE INN-KEEPER’S WIFE:
A STORY OF THE REVOLUTION.
BY J* B COBB.
In Prince Edward county, Virginia, within a
short distance of the Court House, and a few
miles only from Hampden Sy ney College,
stands a venerable edifice, known to this day as
Moore’s old Ordinary, or, in Virginia parlance,
Or'nary. Anterior to the War of ihe Revolu
tion, and during the whole of that eventful
straggle, it had been a favored resort of Ihe
travellers, and of the soldiers passing to or
from tho scene of ac'ion.
Dunn/the war, (he proprietor of this an
cient establishment was Major Joseph Moore,
an Englishman by birth, but known through
out the struggle for independence, as an un
wavering and active Whig, though holding no
office in the army, or under Congress. In
times of dismay and general misgiving, when
the Old Dominion was crowded with hostile
trojps, and the wearied, half-famished troops of
Greene and Lafayette were everywheredriven
before their victorious arms, this old gentle
man took heart of grace by greeting daily with
his morning cup a miserably painted picture of
General Washington, which adorned his par
lor man?el, and encouraged his desponding
neighbors by examples of daring and ceaseless
activity in serving the good causa. He had
provoked, to an irreparable extent, the ven
geance of the British and Hessian officers, not
o-’ly by adroitly eludin' their most cautious
searches, but by his zeal in forwarding provi
sions of food and clothing to the suffering
troops of his adopted country. From the be
ginning, he had calculated the price of his ad
hsH Oti to the colonial auihorities, and bravely
resolved to meet tha of his patriotic de
cision by the sacrifice of all he owned, if such
became necessary. Whilst his pursuer® were
in the neighborhood, he was often forced to
take to the woods with his negroes and stock,
where he would live for days and weeks in a
large cave, the existence of which was known
to none but staunch friends.
When it is told that, during these ever-recur
ring absences, the young wife of this deter
mined Whig resolutely kept by her troubled
board, steadily discharging her duties as mistress
and landlady, it will easily be conjectured that
she could have been none but an extraordinary
woman, such as, in those days, stamped an un
dying influence on their neglected and under
rated sex The writer of inis sketch recall® at
this period with peculiar pleasure, not unmix
ed with some pride many a tale of the heroic
fortitude and Spartan courage which distin
guished his venerable ancestress, and charmed
many an hour of his youthful days. She
was emphatically a woman of ths Revolution.
Unlike her husband, whn was originally a
ship builder, she was well-born, and inherited
an ample fortune. Io the earlier years of mar
riage she had to endure tne reflection, not a
l.tde mortifying to her pride, of being thought
wedded to a man rather beneath her station
and pretensions. But, after the war
out, and lauda.ions were showered on her hus
band for his indomitable exertions, both by his
neighbors and by officers of the army, who had
experienced the benefit of nis aid, all po npouv
clamor was silenced, and his station was c«>n
sidered suited to any family. Pope’s famous
couplet was never more strikingly illustrated
than by his history:—
“Honor and worth from no condition rise;
Act well your part; there all the honor lies.”
The year 1781 was prolific in important
events tor American Independence, and Vir
ginia was all anxiety. On one aid’ she was
held in terror by the aughiy and ruthless Hes
sians under Sir Henry Clinton, expecting
hourly invation and devastaion; whilst on
the other, the fierce veterans of Cornwallis
and the “invincible legion” of Tarleton, threat
ened to crush all withm their reach. Greene’s
army, that heroic column which had sough
through all obstacles, and suffered and
bled in utter despair of all relief; which
had defied the discipline of British regulars
the pangs of famine, the fury of the element-,
the piti ess severi'y of tbe seasons, naked and
half armed, and had triumphed over al!; this
army, holly pursued by Cornwallis, was in
the neighborhood. In the very sight, and un
dsr the guns of their incensed enemy, they
had crossed the Dm, and the whole country
rang with shouts of exultation at tbe brilliant
feat. The sturdy Whig population of the sur
rounding counties poured out en masse, to re
lieve their wants in loud, clothing, and accou
trements. The expiring spark of patriotism
was rekindled, aud < he torch of freedom and of
the revolution burned with new vigor.
As may be supposed, these circumstances
and their results, so well calculated to counter
vail the recent repression, which was vainly
thought the prelude to universal dismay and
submission, greatly exaspera.ed the British
leaders, and they wreaked vengeance in ways
utterly repugnant to all rules of civilized war
fare, and degrading to humanity. Houses
spoiled, and provisions and property destroyed
without discrimination and wnhotv mercy.
Parties were sent to scour the country, who
scrupled not to murder or imprison the men,
and to insult the women it was a time for
the daughters of America to summon all their
fortitude; lor husbands, father® and brothers,
unprepared to provide for or protect them un
der ihe rapid assaults and sudden ousels of
the Bru sh cavalry, were forced, without choice
or remedy, to leave them to what meagre
coartesy and forbearance their sex or their
situation could extract from their fierce inva
ders. Nor did woman’s fortitude and courage
fail or flinch in these appalling e nergencies
..... —. rr -- n -
Now it happened that, on a cold night in the
year above-named, whilst our family at the
Ordinary were quietly seated around the cheer
ful fireside, engaged doubtless in recounting
the stirring news developed at each day’a close,
a negro who had been on the lookout entered,
breatlfe?’and trembling, wi'h the unwelcome
and ever terrifying announcement that “the
red coats under Tarleton, were in the neigh
borhood, and might ride up at any moment.”
All was instantly alarm and confusion The
wife refused sleep in such suspense, and
bracing herself against the depressing effects
of unnecessary fear, actively abetted her hus
band in his preparations for flight. In a short
time all was ready and filed with melancholy
presages, the husband and wife bade a silent
adieu, each resolved to encounter with firmness
their respective duties end difficulties. Not a
living thing which could lay claim to the name
of property was left on the premises, if we ex
' cept an old negro and his wife who volunteer
ed to remain with their mistress. But the pro
visions which had been stored away for the
American troops and for the accommodation
I of such travellers as might venture abroad in
these limes of gloom and terror, were left ex
posed; und the spacious cellar was filled with
1 barrels of peach brandy distilled at home, and
carefully reserved for the same purposes. To<
save a portion of these was now the most anx
-1 ions object with Mrs. Moore—to save all was
1 eit be*’.* nut of the question.
In view of her slender resources, she in
stantly resolved to eave the crit s and gran
-1 aries to fare as they might, acid directed her
whole thoughts and means to the preser a’ion
of her stores in the cellar. Sne at once ca'cu
lated th'it the whole iroop would be breakfas
ted at her expense, *md this she resolved to
offer with cheerfulness. Unprovided with
means of transportation, it could harlly be
supposed that cavalry would or could car y
away more than would answer temporarily.
1 being so far 100 from the mam body of the
1 army. To pievent the destruction of what
1 was left was therefore, the important ques
-1 tion. She was sure that 'ha liquor could not
escape, and in daily expectation that Colonel
Washington would be pa-sing (who was at
-1 temptt: gto check the rapa-ny of the enemy.)
Mie vm most anxious to preserve fu 1 racons
! for his weary and patriotic hand.
Leaving her children to the care of the faith
fulnegreas, she desended, candle in hand, ac
compau.ei Ky her servant, to the cellar be
nea-h. Within ths was an apa tment back
divided by a thick wall, and to which no lignt
was admitted Here was always stored the
brandy, wh ch, >bus secured, wa< left to mel
low and to purify. Her excellent Reuse at
1 once suggested -hat this secluded Mrenghold,
[ together with the pleasant and Captivating
fffluvia which exuded from its every crack
- or crevice, would be most sure to attract, and
> probably distract the attention of the rob
bers who were shortly expected. Applying
5 th 1 key to the iron faced door, which looked
as thou j*h it might resist the strongest efforts
• if stormod. she directed the astonished servant
5 tn roll out a number of the choice barrels
1 There she s’rewed in d:ff-rent par s of the
1 op*m room, inking core to conceal them parti
; adv by cureless!/ [blowing over them pieces of
5 hoops and staves, or rn Idewed straw, m such
manner as to crei e the impression that th-y
1 were no hing more than heaps of useles< rub
bish. After the s.me fashion she also adroitly
! di-guised several : arrels of pork and Hour,
’ to guard against contingencies. This, so Mm
pie in every particular. was a remarkable in
' 3 ance of self possession m a matron not much
exceeding the asfe of twenty fi»e, and so peril
‘ ou<ly situa ed. Having done all she could do,
1 and again locking the door, she put the key
1 in he ba-ket and re en ered her chamber.
Her children were quietly bleeping on their
1 pallet, and anxious, bu resolved, she ’ay
down undressed by their side, not to sleep,
‘ but to await the even: as became a wife, a
• mother, and a woman of America.
CHAPTER 11.
True to his accustomed activity, by early
dawn on the day fo.lowing. Tarleton hid bro
ken up his bivouac, and before he sun inount
i ed over the surrounding hills, wa on his march
for the Ordinary. A dense fog covered the
i who e space around, and his approach was
known only from the rumbling echo of hoofs
t as the squidron galloped over the frozen
i ground. Foremost came a corp ra! with bis
t advanced guard, to make known the orders of
his imperious acd fierce commander Early
• as was the hour, Mrs. Moore had prepared her
I plan of action, and, as the officer entered, uu
, masked and unannounced, was sitting tefore
• a huge log fire which b azed in the parlor cor-
J ner, calmly engaged with her knitting as
though peril and insult were not near. On hie
1 entrance, she rose, but offered no salute onn-
• vitation, and the rough soldier awagiierefto
*■ the fire, where, standing with his back to ii-
6 cheerful blaze, a skirt of hie coat hanging fr->«»
• each arm, he thus accosted the matron m the
k* rude and discourteous style sj cotntaun at ma.
> time with the British troops.
I ‘Well madam, wnere is the infernal o.d rebel
who keeps uns house 1 Aaswsr me Quick, for
; I by j ’ 4 111 ,n humor lor daiuty muuihm*
and silly scenes.’ ' •
‘ What mean you, .irf* answered Mrs.
Moore, who by the by, was blessed with a full
I .hare of temper when excited, a. well a, apirit
to maintain it. ‘I am not in the habit of haar-
R ing or replying to such beastly language.’
v - You a.k what I mean,’ .aid lhe corporal.
"I will toll you that 1 mean your hu.band. or
8 whatever you are to the rebellious traitor,
'• whoso name hang, on yonder sign. If we ean
■ lai hands on him, I'll try and raise his head by
I the aide of his name, and ask of you no further
8 aid than the loan of a strong bed-co rd.’ And,
r pointing to the beam on 'he s'gn post, he made
a significant motion wt’h hie band about his
- neclt, which left no doubt as to tbe allusion.
< Chia insult, so stinging and so unprr voked,
- drew an involuntary tear to the eye of tbe
- helpless woman, but, wisely subduing any ap
’ pearance of the kind in such company, she
1 turned her back on lhe ruffian, and walked iu
-1 to her chamber.
’ At this moment, the full, mellow sound of a
f awakened the echoes of hill and dale, and
> tha whole troop appeared io sight at tbe bead
-of tbe latte. Tne rising sun had dispelled in
1 part the thick mist of the morning, and from a
f window of her room the lady could cateh
tlimpaea of their shining armor as they rapidly
’ advanced. Presen ly they galloped full into
9 the yard,and the corporal walked out to moat
1 them.
A towering, atal wart officer, clad in the sp’en
[ did form of a British dragoon, diamounted
9 from his charger, and, after exchanging a word
with the corporal, advanced towards the door
' way, making the oaken floor of the long galle
' ry in front ring with the clang of his irou-hael
ed cavalry boots. The huge roan ateed, tha
' ton* brown hair, and the frightful marks of
smeli-pnx whicb disfigured hie otherwise come*
1 ly face, told at once who this officer was, and
* agreeably to the plan she bad formed, Mrs.
> Moore, having a little girl by the hand, and an
infant boy in her arms, met him promptly at
1 the hall door.
1 * Colonel Tarleton, I presume,' she said, with
a graceful curtseey.
‘At your service, madam,’ was the prompt
reply of that celebrated officer. And, as he
! touched the rim ol his dragoon cap, he re.pon*
1 ded to the offer of the lady by seating himself
1 with somewhat of lite same lamdiarity which had
distinguished his sub-officer before the parlor
' fire.
Fierce and unrelenting, though always
’ roughly courteous, tbe British commander was
nevertheless struck with the calm dignity, tho
stately manner, and somewhat aristocratic de*
ineanor of bis landlady, and could not recon
-1 cile her appearance with tho generally received
' notions of an inn keeper’s wife.
“Pon honor, madam,’ said he, ‘I must say
‘ you have there two likely, nice little folks,’
' and. offering his hand to the little girl, who
readily took it, he at the same time slightly ca
-1 .eased the boy in the mother’s arms. With
1 staring eye and trembling lip, ths inlant pertly
1 struck the hand which he extended, aud hid its
nead in the folds of the mother's shawl.
■ On, ho,’ laughed Tarleton, * route of the
old leaven, I see. The nd is too strong for
1 his little 6'ita eyes, I suppose; hey, madam 1'
' winking knowingly at the mother. ‘By the
way, madam, does the father of thia fiery little
9 rebel si wavs leave you to do the honors of his
1 tavern 1 His faith is tolerably strong consider
ing yourage and comeliness. Come, my good
madam, tell me, have you locked him in lhe
closet, hid him iu the cuddy, or stuffed him un
it der the bed ? He has served his mob Congress,
aud his rebel leaders well enough to receive
a some attention at my hands ’
* I sui happy to say. sir,' returned the lady,
l ‘that my husband is beyond your reach, and I
i decline for him lhe attentions you speak of.
» As to whether I have placed him where you
. suggest, I presume you will soon find when
a you commence your usual round of forcing
locks, tearing open beds, and burning houses.'
I * For George, madam, a proper answer
i from a rebel’s wife to an officer in his majesty's
service!' said Tarleton, with a mixture of ha
( mor and mock severity es tone. ‘And what
I if I should do you all you have stid, how can
a these daring and obstinate rebels complain
i who put his majesty to such trouble 1 Make
yourself easy, my good hostess, but I have
, now no time to parley or play at cross-questions
l with a spirited dame. Work is before me,
t and work is always first with those under my
. older*.'
At thin instant the corporal again entered,
and lifting his cap, aporoached to where his
i officer and lhe tadv were sitting. At lhe sight
f of tier insulter Mrs Moire could not repress
a slight exclamation She etaried oack, whilst
s the fire of injured feeling and outraged delica-
- cy burns d : ner lustrous eyes, and suffused
r with a deep crimson hue the cheeks just now
1 psllid almost from the reflection in whose
li dread presence she stood All these were not
s unobserved by the quick glance of Tarleton,
who, hey ond doubt, had toll his chivalry awak-
■ ened bj| lhe manner and spir.t of the woman
d 9 Pray,"what is the matter, madam T he ask
r. ed. ‘ And what causes you such feeling at
o the sight of my officer?’
t, Unabashed and nerved by the full flow of
r resentment which lurks in woman’s bosom
r when smarting beneath the ranking of insult
i, and outrage, Mrs. Moore recounted with feol-
- mit emphasis, lhe gross language and lhe of
f ftinsive allusion wh ch had aroused and ambit
a tered her feelings as a wife and a mother. As
a she proceeded, lhe rigid frown which contraot
r ed the brow of Tarleton, and the fury which
sparkled from his fierce glance told that wo
a man had found a protector, and sent a cold
shudder to the heart of .he brutal offender.
When asked if he admitted the fact, the
trooper could not articulate, so firmly had fear t ..
and conscious guilt clencued hie teeth; and
when, in the rage of passion, and with the full
sway of a B itish commanding officer, Tarle
ton strode forward and struck him, the soldier
cowered and shrank beneath the blow like a
slave. Tms was not all. Tarleton csusea him
to unclasp his wwordbelt, and then, breaking
the weapon before his face, ordered him to the
rear under arrest.
These facts, being substantially true, serve
to relieve in some measure the udium which is
generally heaped on the name and memory of
this distinguished though cruel Briton. Oa
this occasion he certainly behaved as a gallant
and high-souled officer, jealous of the reputa
tion of his service, though his harsh and sum
mary cnaa.isetnent of the offender in the pre
sence es a lady, a scene so unsuited to female
softness and delicacy, showed in a strong view
that impulsive and tierce disposition so charac
teristic of the man.
This being done, Tarleton resumed hia na
tural humor, and proceeded with his inquiries,
i as though nothing of an unusual character bad
happened. And indeed, such scenes in the
, British army, which in the French or Ameri*
i can service would have aroused a hurricane of
resentment among the junior officers and pri
. vales, were by no means uncommon, and ao
i count in part for the ruffian dispositions of the
soldiery when unchecked by rigid discipline.
“Now, ma'am,” said Tarleton, “since it
. seems 1 shall not now have the pleasure of con
r ducting your husband as a prisoner of war to
i mv commanding officer, I must trouble you to
. breakfast my squad with a portion es those
daimy supplies which doubtless your good
, man has left to be distributed to the rebel army,
, who know so much belter how to run than
5 how to fight.”
f “Do they indeed!” said the matron, era
boldene I to satire, perhaps, by the conscious*
» ness of being in a gentleman’s power, and not
, in that of a rrffian, as he had be or represented.
•* Duubiless we poor Americans have been
J duped by false rumors; but a few weeks since
I we had news that his majesty*• troops fully
. equalled them in the first, whilst our poor sol-
> diers proved tueir knowledge of the last quite
, co tho satidfacu oa ut Cornwaiiis and hu* offi
cers. ”
*‘Ah,yoii allude to that ridiculous, helter
skelter affair a’ your Cowpeos,” answered
Tarleion, no way confused. “ Well, madam,
I did my pari, as you doubtless hea-d, uud his
lordship nope« soon to get this mob enclosed
in p nSßOtnoibing more substantial than where
we I-mil bad them.”
• Report mys,’ retorted the lady, now cruel
in turn, ‘that we have an officer in the Ame
rican ranks who does not much dread close
quarters id battle, even ’hough he finds himself
lace to face with a very redoubted adversary.*
‘ Zounds, madam, you tempt me to anger by
sncn a ridiculous tirade/ an wered be, some
what moved though not out of humor. *lf
ever I can get sight of this namesake of your
ohl rebel chief. 1 will leave on him a mark by
which he can beast to some effect of an en
counter.’
•In that case/ again said the lady, archly
f smiling, ‘ you and trn, from what we hear, will
! be then faily at quite, for It w said he has al
ready balanced ilia s( ore.’
foe Utter part of this conversation is given
on te»nmuny not considered a.logether reiia*
O:e iu our courts ol judicature, if the
report, which has since received the baneuon
ol h story, be true, that Tarieluu had lost his
fingers in a baud to baud figm with Colonel
VVaaiiing on, it is fairly presumable that the
rumor then rife. Ou thia occasion, be was
gloved and booted, as already remarked, and
me wound, it ever inti cted, was do; us course
visible.
CHAPTXU nt.
The troop dismounted and arranged to cook
and eat their breaKlast m the open yard, Tarle
ton and a few of n s higher officers only par
taking the.r meai in the nail under the in vita*
non and superintendence of their inexplicable
hostess. VVtii at engaged tn discussing, with
great apparent pleasure, the substantial repast
i spread out before mem, it la sai that Tarletoa,
with a species of blunt politeness pec a lar to
i nnn, asked “if be could get a cup ol tea ”
• A cup of tea!” answered Mrs. Moore.
i “Colonel Tarieion surely forgets mat he io
< breakfasting with me wife of an Atnericaa pa-
I triot. la these times, too, w« nsve uo means
of trsnsporimg huner me ,n ?“
r
■ arucle jou wi.n «e h.ve bad in thoononiry
> P" goi)d hu(nor<J(l MUjr>
vouu- Olfice« a. >»hl® i.ugned, oulngbt, de-
’ ' | e ’f.e presence of ibeir commander, whose
’ cru.ie and severe notions of ioyal.y and disci
, pane wer.e utide!stood to be generally averse
.o me least la* i y as regarded the course of his
or me acuuu es hts goveriimeat.
A.ter gravely rebuking them on this occa»iou,
ne rep ted to me lady of the house in hu usual
tune, half earnest, half humorous,
I “Well, my dear madam,” said he, “I only
r wiati tkoee savages kad maintauiod their die-