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BY WILLIAM S. JONES.
THE WEEKLY
CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
!• Published every Wednesday,
at TWO dollars per aitnum
IN ADVANCE.
CLUBS or INDIVIDUALS sending us Ten
ollars, SIX copies of the Paper will be sent for one
year, thus furnishing Ute Paper at the rate of
SIX COPIES FOR. TEN DOLLARS.
or a free copy to all who may procure as /fee sub
ribers, and forward us the money.
THE CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
DULY AND TRI-WEEKLY,
Are also published at thie office, and mailed to'sub
••ribers at the following rates, viz.:
DailtPapkb, if sent by mail* ••-87 per annum.
Papbb 4 “ “
TERMS OP ADVERTISING.
h InWuklt. —Seventy-five cents per square (12
nesorless) for the first insertion, and Fifty cent
tv each subsequent insertion.
fiatcis.
TO THOSE IN SEARCH OP A
PLEASANT summer retreat.
qpWE SUBSCRIBER, late of the Newton
-* Heine. Adena, Georgia, having taken the
Bote* i“ «hlz place fvtnexiy owned and occupied by
Col. Griffis takes this method of informing his friends
and the public generally, that he has sealed perm i*
nsmly (he hopes) in the pleasant village of Gaines
ville, that the house he has purchased has under- .
gone Curaidrrable ref air*. a °d is newly furnished in
*“ neat and com or ab'e style.
Nothing i-i hazarded in sayiag that the houre is in
better cc-odirica every way than it has been for *en
yerspaat.
H feels authorized in assuring the public that I
tho well earued end deservedly high reputation
which Col. Griffin Las given to the house, shall not
suffer ir. hut hands.
W i h a liberal patronage and oar beet exertions,
we hope to make Gainesville just the place.
Travellers to this section of theeuentry can bo ac
eouHncdated with first rate stage travelling either
from Athens (the terminus of the A'fcens branch of
the Ge.wgfa Kaiirona) or from Stone Mountain, three
limes a week, to-wit: On Tuesday’*, Thursday's
and Saturday’s, sod I era authorized to cay that
Messrs. Vaulter A ivy, of A-.huns, (ike present stage
contractors from Athens to this p’lce,) will keep
eonrtantiy on band a number of extra Coaches,
Hacks, &c., which they -will at all roses put on ths
road when required, so that none need fear having
to remain in Aniens longer than incl-nation or pleas
ure nay dictate, end 1 cm informed that arrange*
meoUare bring mr.de at ibe c (< ne Mountain fax the
accomrnodjtiou of al! who may *sah to coine by that
delightful place on their way io thia acct on of the
State. Tlie.e is als.i a pleasant Hack line running
in with these two stage lu.es fiotu this
piece to Dah'ur.egs, an.! Mr. Smith of this place will
give tis test • ffc.it b tar the accoramoda’ion of these
who mo , io pise to the Salj/hur Springs or to
Clarksvhk. L. P. THOMA*.
Gainesville, Hill Co.. Ga.. Mav 23. 1851. w 4
INDIAN SPRING.
THE U!tDERSIGNkDa‘kB eve n
to state to the public general : y, that fijKin
be is yet rhe Propne'or of the INDIAN I—j ? 8
SPRING HOTEL at this p'ace, and is now ; repur
e! to receive company. The virtues of the Indian
Spring waters have been so long k ov.n, and so
general I v tested, that I presume it is not necessary
here to say any thing in their praise.
The Proprietor of thia Hctoi has only to add that
in addition to tbe»e requisites of the Indian Sprint?
as a euuimer residence, that he has, dare the last
season, largely added to the Indian Spring Hotel,
by ex'ending hia Dining Room so as to make it equal
to any thing of the kind southwardly, and he has also
added many fine rooms for families, as well as for
persons without families. He also azures those that
are pleased to call at’his old established Hotel that
the b«st ot every thing that the country affords shall
be provided for their nec jmmodauon, and renews
former pledge, that no Hotel shall surras the Indian
Spring, and no peins spared ’o make nil comtorULle ;
with this tesuraoce he inv tea the calls of the com
inanity generally, my‘22 2m ED W. YARN ;• R.
ROWLAND SPRINGS.
MTHE Subscriber* beg leave to inform
th Jr friends and the public, that they Lave
leaded the above well known place of re
eon, ami that they inb.ad keeping them during the
summer season iu a style superior to any watering
place in the up-country. Th-* House will be oj en
and ready hr the reception of visitors by the first of
JUNE riext. LAMER A USHER.
N. B.—Th-re *»ll be a line of Hacks at thelfapot
at Qartersv-Ue, at all times, to convey Passengers to
the Springs, both from up aad down Trains of Rad
Road. apll-3m L. dr U.
COTOOSA SPRINGS.
aTHIS POPULAR AND foehionable
Watering Place will be opened for the reetp
nsn or visitors ou the l?th day of June.
The Proprietors would inform the public, that
<rinre the lost season, they hove added to their esub
i£Lfu-.ut one hundred spacious and condurtable
rooms vrh other ‘mpruvcHenta, and as it is their
’.o devote ? heir nniled personal attention to
the svvOEnmodation of toapa to
Sura 5e health.
—RIIFI In iii’TrVcrul M the Springs has been
recenily analysed ly thu accomplished Chemist
Prof. A. Means, of the Medical College ot Geor-
B* , whove report of the same, will shortly be given I
to the pnhhe.
Thc'-a Splingo, the mineral properties of which,
are anau’ya. hc<l, axe situated in Walker County,
Georgia, wimin’wo miles of the Cotoo«a Plat
ro&M,onthe Western and Atlantic Railroad, one
hundred and twelve miles from Atlanta, and twenty
five from Chattanooga, ia a moat and salu
brious Mountain chants. The company's Hacks
will always be in wait ng at the Depot on the arri
val of the ears, to convey visitors and iba r baggage
to the Spiings.
BATTEY, HICKMAN & McDONALD.
May 16, 1851.
rr The Courier and Mercury, Cbarl-tton ; Re
publican, Savannah ; Journal and Telegraph, Ma
con i Ei quircr and Times, Cdumbua ; Recorder
and Union, Milledgeville, Ga ; Hanner, Abbeville,
So. Ca.; Journal, Montgomery, Ala.; and Gasette,
Chattanooga, Teno., will each publish ten times
weekly and sends piper to tha Spring* containing
the advertisement marked.
MERLWETMhiR WARM SPRINGS.
MT 21 IS establishment will bo open for
tha reception of visitors, on and after the
first day of June. Visitors will at all
1 a roady conveyance from Greenville, or
Pleasant Hill, and a four horse Post Orach, three
times a week from Columbus to the Spring. Tb
Proprietor will s!so keep Hacks and other convej
encee at *be String conveyance of hie guests,
irril v” •( J. 1. M USTI * N Prm viator.
I K* NKLJN HOTEL.
BROA.L STREET, Augusta Ga.,
Jgntj one square above the Globe Hotel, on the
South side -A Broad stiae..
niO-wly D. li. RAMSEY, Proprietor.
EAGLE HOTEL
MADISONVILLE. TENNESSEE.
THE tUBSCRIBKR takes pleasure
in returning bis thanks to his friends and R’.lfl
the public, tor the very liberal patronage hero
tofore extended to him. And having recently im
proved and extended his buddings so as to afford the
beet accommodations to almost onv number of trav
ellers aud pereona wishing boardinv, he confidently
expects an increase of public favor and iwtronage.
Building situated on second block south of the
Public Square—one hundred and fifty feet kng
rooms regularly hid off aud well furnished. He ie
also well prepared to take the *>eatcareot horses, dre.
Stable large and secure—careful and attentive ser
vants. In short, the greatest attention will be paid,
and pains taken, to render all comfortable who may
call at the Eagle Hotel. JOSEPH R. RUDD.
Madisonville, August 3. 1850. an3-wtf
tfotten ®ins.
XNTBRBBXU4G to CuTTON PXiAyi
TI.RB
SR. PARKHVRST'S Patent Cotton Seed
• CLEANING M ACHING, constructed with
out Saws or Ribs.
Ibe inventor of this Machine now has the plea
sure of answering the numeroar inquiries from Col
ton Pianteis, respecting tbe pt-rlortnances and results
of this Gia. It has beta tully uaiedby cleaning tbe
entire crop of a large planter near Columbia, S. U , (a
aerificate from whom ia appended,) enhancing the va
lue of ibe Cotten one aud a half to two cents per lb.
over that cleaned by any Saw Gin. Tbw ad van rd
price more than pays fare Machine in one year’s
average crop, the cost of it being only >250. It
turns out equally aa much or mere, chan any Saw
Gin ; is more simple and durable, perfectly sale to
the ginner, inasmuch as he cannot cut Limeelf; aud
the great dang rof tim, ny friction, in other Ma
chines, to entirely obviated.
Anancemenu are evtn; leted, to build these Ma
chines in AuvusU, for the State of Georgia; and
Cottoa Planter* desiring them, are respectfully re
quested to a od their order* to the su Ov«- ol
the Gins may be seen in operation at inv ®teira Mt l.
W. H. GOODRICH.
Augusta, April. 1851. apl9
Copy of a certificate from CaL Wade Hampton,
dated at Millwood, Nov. 4, lb3o.
Mr. Paikhurst ht j I ten, Bor come weeks, at my
plentattoo, a dating hts Cottou Gin, originally in
tended for long Colton, to short staple, lie exper:
■tent has been entirely vucceesful. He has one Gin
In operation, which will piepare four balsa, •>f hrre
hundred and fiHy pound* each, per day, ard the
qunlitr of ’he coctou w /a»- Ne.'Ur Eian / Acre erer
tm. Hy thia pn«e«w of el.aairg cotton, the staple
ia • hiM.U lh« mote* anj false ate
alitaoM cot r*ly sen-rartti from the lint, I deem tbit
discoeery of vast imponeooe to the O’UBtry, and I
aanwady hope that Mr. Parkhurst may be tewarded
for it. ap!9 »ly W. Hamftcs.
TO COrrbjFpLANIBR&
TIIK aVBSVKIBFKS would respectfully
latorm the Uettoti Planter, of Georgia and
South Camiiaa, that they ata taauuAelurtug CUT
TON GINS. wbiUi Utey wirraat equal to any nee
made. They claim lor the r Gina aeraral qaalitt.s,
in which they wi J be found to surpass iccet ol' the
highly aniaad improeed Gtea. They will be foeai
genentty to raa pick <aater, ud eleeo ths
•a*l better; alee make aa (oed but aa any elhes
Gina. Tt> ob sha than qualitiee sea Gio, ahould ba
tbea.mof ercry pe<««> oasaf one. We uae a aell
eihny oua, which readera the Gin completely irr
ptve-. and which b prnawnoed by ootupetaut judges
,o be to any water boa need in the Slate,
and of meh ccaKnr-aoo as to be of great durability.
Pur: haaere alb.wed to gin from Bto 10 bales, and
then j.ronn aa if there stmulj bo aar delect, which
we wul immediately remade.
Contract, can be made with os be letter, directed
tolh.. pt.ee, <r With M ’.mes Brandy our Trarel
lt*f Agent, w . would assure those wish lag to pur
chara, woo. Mr. Bcmt, f<ll e £ ry
IST-ompf XC U, °*- ’ i: * **
~J Fto-Ptly attend-
'° “ y ’"“’“y M « l ‘l «’■«,
•* we wiu **"»■» "•
ary Utatopoafera aa wa recommend it to do Trr
••■„ . . , J- P- 4 H T. HAMM ACK.
CadwfcedeiUe, Marah 3, 1841. mhl»-wly
WEEKLY
©jronitlc rmb Sentinel.
SELECTED POETRY.
It is pleasant to bear once more the song of the bright
young bird at Danville :
From toe LcuixrilZe Jcurnal.
DEATH FROM HOME.
It was a glorious evening, of a sunny day in spring,
When the flowers begin to blossom, and the birds
are on the wing ;
And the sky was deepest azure, and a cloud upon
its breast
Seemed the child efits affections, which ’(wax pil
lowing to rest.
And the earth lay in her beauty ’neath the smiling
cf the West,
As its lip cf gold-light fondly kisses cn her brow
imprest;
And the breeze was like the breathing o’er the brow
frosi one we love,
And its were as loving as an angel’s from
above.
O’er the bosom es the waters of our Mississippi
stream
Swept a eutely vessel onward, bathed in beauty
like a dream;
Like a swi n it proudly floated, with its grand and
airy grace.
As it saw within the waters its enchanting fairy face.
But within that fairy vessel, on a couch of death
and pain,
Sunk a youth to that deep slumber which can never
wake again ;
Cold the death-dews on his forehead, over which
his dark locks lay,
As they fain would wipe the dampness from that
pure expanse away.
On his cheek the burning.death-roee lighted up its
crimson fires,
Like the glow or summer surest, as the glorious
god retires;
And his lips were softly parted as Che flickering
breath passed Uuough—
God of mercy 1 thus to witness human life its colls
unde!
There was beauty e’er his forehead, there was
genius in his eye,
There was glory folding round him, oh ’twu wretch
ed then to die ;
Zophyra, twine your cooling fingers softly through
his raven hair,
Sunbeam, kiss his brow most sweetly, for there’s
none more dear now there.
Par away from home end mother, far from all his
heart held dear ;
On the toeom of the waters, slowly dying, « dying
here; ’*
Not a heart to mourn his exit, not an eye to weep
for him,
As biz sou! grew dark in slumber, as his sight in
death grew dim.
There were many on the veasel; one alone cf all
the crew,
Watched abova his dying pil’ow, as the evening
darker grew ;
” Bear me, stringer, to my mother ; let me sweetly
at home,
Where around my grave at evening dear ones ofc
may fondly come.”
As hes|>oke, a (ear-drop gathered in bls dark and
glorious eye,
And his lips were stirred with prayer, as his spirit
soogbt iLe sky ;
There, afor from ail who loved him, death hh chilly
pini'M) ihiew,
O’er the heart that fondly bounded, o'er the beautiful
and true.
There was night upon the watars —there were stars
up io the sky—
There wr s moonlight o’er the vessel—strange that
death should be so nigh ;
On a snow-w'.ite couch they laid him, in his beauty
and his death,
Like a flnry hope just faded, like the summer eve’s
hushed breath.
Very lovely were the touches death had left upon
his brow,
Fairer than the lily’s leaflet—beauty kissed the cas
ket now ;
By his side one lonely watcher and one taper lingered
■tiil 9
When the morn dawned oa the vessel, sweetly
streaming o’er the hill.
Oh ! there's half of death departed if it is at kcti e
we die—
Pillewed on seme faithful bosom, watched by one
dear weeping eye ;
Oh! when life’s last lights are fading, when earth’s
stars I cannot see,
If love and tears are round me, ’twill not then be
death to me.
M. J. S.
Mount Pirns ant, near Danville, Ky.
Par the Lryuinilk Journal.
COME HOME I
By Mu. A. L. Rut er Dvroua. r?
Coi-J 11 home I
To the hearte that love thee,
So warm and true,
Th.t r . are gentle and free,
As the evening dew;
Wbo’e thoughts ever wander
To thee, like the course
Os the bright st ream let yonder
That keows but cns source.
II yew
Where deareftes dwell,
Ere the blossoms grow pale
Thou ioveat so well,
Ere the rcnee shall &de
On the fair cheek of love,
And her warm heart be made
As a desolate dove.
Come home I
Ere the spirit-like eyes,
That have watched so long,
Lihe the stars in the skies,
Far txe child of sweet song.
Grow Jim, i>nd thtir lustie
He c! uded in Ivars;
And the bright h- r «s that cluster
Are shrouded Ly tears.
Come home I
Ere the >a»« ns that love thee
iu grow cbill,
A d the brightness above thee
Thy sou- cense .□ thrill;
Or thy grow dark,
Rest of sunlight and stsr,
And, like ifove of the ark,
Pin I no rest when afar.
Gome home I
To the genial spirits
That woo th-s in song —
Whoso great mind inherits
Ail gilts rare and strong;
The chords of their hearts
Respond ‘o thy own,
And their uincn imparts
Mq»:c pure in each 'one.
Come home I
The soul thou art guiding
Upon thy Md wing
Grows ree'dws and chiding,.
L>k«* song birds of spring
That impatiently long
For •uuaroer’a g.iy hours,
To pour fo.ih tbsir *>og,
kid its sunehme and flowerv.
Come heme!
For 10, ia thy absence,
Al! nature looker .d,
It wants but thy ; reaeace,
To render it <bd«
Then oom • to the hearts
That love thee so (rue,
Where thy preaence imparts
Lite and beauty anew I
New Albany, March 29, 1851.
From ths Lotdsoil'e Ja'tmat.
IN MEM JR Y OP MRS. ADEL! NE R. O’BRIEN
—ON VISITU-ie BBS HSUBB A*T*B NBR VKAVM.
She ie not here I A ! «». she is not here !
Yet all still breathe* and speakc of her. Her sweet
And living presence is in everything.
The very breeze, deep-laden wi.h tee soft,
Rich perfume of her own, her tuuih-loved flowers,
Seems murmuriug with a sigh her cherished name.
Through the lone chambers of her darkened bane
I wanner oft and pine to \reet once un ro
Her t.eauteou* focot now mingling with the duet.
The shadow of deep gieom hstti settled round
The ho y heertb wuerejo< wua wont to ring.
The lovely spring-tirau is . an eaith,
K.acuag the thousand wud flowers iuto bloom
And f ry lite; upon th. ro?y >«ie
The wild bird*? aoug floating ; a bright robe
Is o'er ths weeded hiilai; and from the soft,
Green besom of the earth tba young buds burst
As springs the »oui immortal from the tomb
Os darknfm aud of shadow ; but the flowers
Lo”k sad. a bus of t*rrow ms t>dim
Tbetrheiirty’s glow as if th*j m seed her sweel
And gentle miaistry and weg bright tears
Os dew tor their dear sisirr- spirit dead ;
The wild bird’s music seen» a w«ii of grief
Breathed for the loved and lost ; the biassed be am
Has lost its smile aa if it seughtin vain
For her fair angel btvw, eu which to shed
Its answering lustre.
At! fat lon- and drear—
I gaxe apw bar partner’s gricf-bow*d form
And maik the deepeu<ni silver of bis loci a.
And my heart ehecks its selfish sighs.
II at ch'rub-child, ievpoi’iog in the bloom
Oi latency, but yet her very mirth
Beeraas strantely sad as if her spirit fait
That death's stem hand had crushed her parwic stem
And thrown her as a loc-sered bud to fl >at
Upon the dark and siormy waves of time,
A thing of loue and blighted life.
Dear finead,
Friend of my childho-xFe bright and happy years,
Where due.Hs thy vj tru now ? 1 lee! its power
la this calm twilight a’r; Icateh thy tone
in the sw wt cadence us ;h»a evening gale ;
1 see the holy oea uty of thy Lee
Iq the strange b<mn«y of you sunset cloud ;
I heel thy braath upoa my coeeks, aa though
Thy spirit tn its angel-mission o’er
The darken*! earth stooped fraoi its glorious flight
To whisper hope atd comfort to my bruised
And broken spirit. Csb it be? Ah yes,
O’er Uus lone spot thy bright and guardian-wings
Arc bover-tnc and at night thy angel-arms
Enfold again the loved of earth and guard
From oomingills tbeckudrea of thy heart.
It must be so, for cb I know that this
Bleat presence u tbiaa ewa. Tby spirit glides
Areaad b« .1 th. musing, tx»a, asd vr.,
Asd at tha -.trass ■uds'ght. sad I thank
Tbv G«d asd tais. that I am woe al.a:,
Bssroas, Apnl IJtk, 1851. MaTTIF
NOTICB TO COTTON PLANTERS
THE SUBSCRIBER ba.m, bad the aim
fortune to kwe his Cottos Gin Manu&curv,
Tods, 4f., by fire, 'afcra th. oppor-tnity to tn'crta
hi. |>stnws that ail contract, which bar. been t u'ered
into lor Gias, b;. his areata or twif, will b« revmptly
titled. A farther no'itkstioa will be gi-ea when his
arrarremen^shall have been twefected.
mhA G. T. GGLEISBY.
NEW WORKS.
'’SlHbi FisSkls of the Fatal Marriage, by Henry
I C«Vi n an >r «f Valentine Vox.
Tba Mothrt -w, «r tbs Che Isle of Ray, a tai.
b» Edtma Dk Nkrttt Southworth, author* Rrtnbw
I'estrtod Wife, and Ltttell's Uring Aga, No 364.
■ylA GGO. A. GATES * CO.
lIiKCBUANBOBS U-
TERITCRE AND NEWS.
“National Monnment.’’
We have received the first number of a
weekly journal bearing the above tit.e, pub
lished in thia city, under the earction of the
Washington National Monument Society, and
the profits of which aro to be applied in aid of
the Monument erecting in this 10
the memory of Washington. P a ’
peris printed in 4to. form, each number to
contain 16 pages, and is edited by James C.
Pickett, Esq As a favorable specimen of its
contents, we copy from it the following ar
tide N&t. hl«l
Mo.nument-Buildikg —All nations, we hs-
I'eve, sevage and civilized, in all ages, have
been monumeat builders—that is, they have
ail practiced t iecustom of erecting structures,
whether wounds, or cairns, or tumuli, or
tosabs, or pillars, or columns, or pyramids, or
obelisks, orguacas, asin Peru, in commemo
ration of important events, or for the purpose
of consecrating and perpetuating th© fiuie cf
great men, or of those who had exercised, for
th© weal or woof thoir country, great author
ity. At first, the- e structures must base been
rude, insignificant, and perishable. Evon the
memorial erecs d to so great a hero as Hector
was but a very moo'e.t ono—a mere heap of
stones loosely thrown together—according to
Ilonier’sd scriplion of it.
We do not quote Homer, however, for the
pupuse of establishing aa ancient faet, but io
establish an ancient custom, and thus quoted he
is high authority; fornotonly is he an inim
itable painter ol sieges, batiles anti combats,
but also an animated and graphic delineator
of manners and customs. i\s regarte th©
fact of Hector's burial, or ot bis existence
even, we are emong th© doubters. '*T'ioie
double of Troy,” says Byron, and the doubts
are probably well founded. But this wo are
not going to discuss.
Among the ancients, the Greeks and Ro
mans were, in architecture, sculp ure, and
painting, far ahead of all other nations—notin
antiquity bnt in merit. Leaving out es view
the Chinese and Other Asia ics, of whose mar
vellous architectural creations some rather in
digestible stories h.ore been told, ard coming
west ;o the countries bordering 01 the Medi
terranean, the Egyptians are firs, in order in
th© conrlruc ive arts. They were ths misters
of the Greeks in art, and iu civilization i self;
and yet not many ageshad elapsed bttfeie the
Greeks were greatly in advance of their teach
ers in the vary arte the rudiments of which
they had borrowed from th© country of the
Pharaohs. Before architecture or sculpture
had been attempted by the Greeks, the pyra
mids and the oba'isksh d been standing per
haps in their solitary and useless magnificence
some thousand, of years. But Boon after
their erection Egyptian art s> emu to have ex
han.ted itself, and lieu to have slopped, o>
rather retrograded. To the Egyptian mind, in
the cunatruclive arte, excellem e consisted in
magnitude aud heigh 1 .; and these ba>ng attain
ed. they had reached, they supposed the ns
plus ultra But although the pyramids are
stupendous and sablitne, they have nothing
of the graceful aud the beautiful ! n which
the surviving specimens of Grecian art so
ab tiund; and there is more elegance ecd good
taste, more of rhe quintessence of art, iu a sin
gle Grecian t-nrple or statue than ir. all ihc
pyramids together.
The reason why the Greeks so soon
and so far outstripped the Egypt! ns in
sculpture and arehiteeture are assumed by
the learned and judiouus Winckelmanu
to be race, cliruaie and ins itutions, whicn
were all in favor of the Greeks; but shove al!
those arts were esteemi d, and the artists re
warded in Greece, whilst in Egypt bo:h the
arts and the arti-ts were degraded. To build a
pyramid required no great degree of skill, but
an almost unlimited supply of labor and ma
terial. These stupendous monuments are, we
think, evidences of a numerous and enslaved
population, of an arbitrary and irrespons ble
Government and at lhe same time a most op
pressive one To build a pyramid might cost,
saddidcos,,ihelivesoftwenty or thirty thousand
men, or of more ; out what cared tho tyraal for
that 1 Hie pride or vanity being gratified, the
appalling coat or its gratification gave him no
concern.
Iu very rarest times the French and English
have dore more in the monument buitd ng
lino than any other nation—the Fretteh having
bnih lite most aud lhe finest—and for tins there
has been a reason. The bloody wars in which
they were engaged for more than twenty years,
and which grew on! of the greal revolution,
and the numerous victories they gained over
their enemies, furnished an abundance of sub
jects for monumental archiieo ure which they
have not neglected. The Triumphal Arch at
Parts— Arc da Trimnpke de lElaile — is, for
magnitude ar.d magnificence, the first edifice
of lhe kind that has been built in modern
limes. It is net e column bn; a structure one
hundred aud i*l ; |i. htuiUiigh, wjrhau srab*and
probably, though not the largest or the most
elevated, yet the most e.aborately and superb
ly executed work of the kind ever accomplish
ed. It is a column one hundred and thirty five
feet in heigh', the pedestal and shaft cf which
are coveted with has rel els formed of twelve
hundred pieces of cannon taken from the cue
miesot France, Tncrearetwothonsandi.il.
man figures, a., ire of them 'hree feet in length
which is the breadth ot the scroll that winds
spiral y round the column, and is eight hun
dred acd forty Ejot in length On the lop
stands a bronze statue of Napoleon, twelve
feet in height, in his celebrated military cos
tume —the plain cocked hat aud the grey sur
tout. This column the glory-loving French
would not barter for its weight in gold. The
Restoration disn uuiired Napo'.eon, but Louis
Phiihppe was obliged to have him replaced,
and it is now an article in .he politico-military
creed of the Grande Nation, that be is not to
come down again.
The finest cjlumnsr monument in England
is the onevrected tnhuii irof Nelson, tn Tra
falg ir Squars. Lou ion. It is about two bun
dle.! and twenty feet in height, and stands in
a basin of water, which is net exactly in the
best taste, according to our notions of taste.
The idea is, that as Nelson was an aquatic
hero a pool of fresh water .ound the base of
the monument iesyml olical—a few buckeifuts
of that element being the symbol of the bound
less salt ocean I There have been several
monuments —equestrian statues —erected <0
the Duke of Wellington, but no column, we
believe of any coos durable height.
As the character of Washington is distin
guished above lhat of all other heroes and pa
triots for grandeur and ainipl city, so it is in
tended that lhe tuonumeiil to be erected to his
tnemory in this city shall surpass all others in
those same attributes. It stands on the bank
of 'he Potomac, which is aopropriate, for on
the hank of that beautiful riser a.end, and yet
stands, his modest inanaion. It will be hse
hundred feet in height—more thau d. aide the
height of any other monument of lhe kind;
and in its appearance will be chaste, imposing,
and majestic. It will be built of the best tua
lerial—white marble—and if not injured by
accident or violence, will be in good preserva
tion a thousand years hence.
GeouiurHicui. Edocatio- —Geography i»
a branch of knoef’edge wincb has been admit
ted a, an oiname tai addition to a respectable
eduoation; and i era- not thought a good sign
to be ignorant of the place oo the map on
which China should be looked for or Kam
achatka found. Small, bo-verer, wna the real
knowledge imparted ereu ia thia branch of
science. It is not easy to instruct a child to
read map* or to comprehend the 8c; surface of
a globe; aula very cursory eaaminatton. even
among people of 1,-sera l education, wi'l con
vincingly prove that oidmary geog.-spby is
very imperfectly understood, un i that a w da
Ignorance of physical geography prevail
Regarding Mr. Wyld’a Model of the Earth as
a great s'.eptowar i a general remedy, wo th nk
it worth while after an nspectton of its ai .te
riale and of the processes io opeiatinn. to pnt
our readers in pos-essieu of its character aud
its object.
In looking on an ordinary globe, a limited
portion of the earth’s surface only comes un
der survey at once. It has therefore occur
red to Mr. Wyld to figure the earth's surface on
th a inside, in'setd of the outside, of a sphere
—to give, tn sac.. an inverted globe—enabling
the observer to embrace at one view ths physi
cal features of the world which he :b aot s.
The surface which will be looked on as the ia
side co-sting of the sphere is actually that which
exists on the exterior cr rat of the great globe
itself. This very allowable departure troui
the truth, without misleading any one, admin
of our obtaining a knowledge of the distribu
tion of laud and water over the whole plane;
w inch could no; be in any o her way secured
The great feature, in fact, of this globe as a
medium of summary teaching is that it pre
sents (what nothing on ales-scale can do) the
means of viewing 'he various great physical
phenomena at once and in their relations,
which in all other educational documents nave
to bs studied separately and in detail.
Tue sphere ou which the earth is modelled
and which is now in process of erection, as
eur readers know, io the centre of Leicester
Square—is f-5 feet in diameter. Visitors will
pass into th s huge ball; and by means of a
winding stair erase or gallery will proceed i
round it, viewing every part of the model at a I
distance of four ir at from the eye; cud these ar
rangements are so contrived that they will
no: interfere with the general view of the en
tire sarfsee. The scare u tea tanas to one
-inch horizontal, and one mils to an inch verti
eel. Tais eoabtes the couatruetor to sxhibn
I *ll tbs details of hill sad valley, lake and river,
wi'h facility, and to produce an effective re
praaeuiauoa of the earth; which could not
t be done if the scales for height aud distacoe
were eUko-
fc looking at ibis vast model, the observe.-
» u one-* streek with the distribution of laud
and crater see* the great oceans occu
pyiog nearly 150 000 000 square miles, wh.ie
uie old and tew continents and aH the island*
are eauroa ed a* about 60.‘AX) COO sqave
miles. The immense expanse of waters in
the southern hemisphere i» brought out in
strong contrast with the wide-spread lar.de of
the northern: and ue great chains of moan
uuba. which are remarkable features es the
earth's surface, are shown to be ranged in a
circle around the ocean and the Indian sea.
The water-ebed—or river coarse—of every
kUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, MAY 28 1851.
country is laid down, and the groat areas
drained are exhibited. This is, es course,
eoniractad with the elevations and depressions
of the land; all which are displsyed m rela
five truthfulness, and with remarkable exacti
tude. By no other means thau this, we re
peat, could we at one view obtain a correct
and lively knowledge on these points. A
model in relief speaks t» tho et e in away
which it is impossible for any map or globe
with a flat surface to do.
Beyond the points of physical geography
which wc have mentioned as being necessarily
involved in the idea, there are others of no less
importance and interest to be embraced. The
limits of perpetual snow will be shown.
Mont Blanc, •• the monarch of mountains,”
with his “ diadem of snow,” —the hoary
peaks of the Andeam and Himalayan range—
with tho lower bills, which as they approach
the pole, present their constantly snow bear
ing tops—will alike be faithfully represented.
The great forest ranges will be indicated, and
tiie deserts, with their wastes of sand, exhibit
ed. Many of the geological aspects of the i
globe will be displayed ; not merely in the
farm of the surface, but in the colors of the
rocks. In tact, as perfect a picture of the
surface of our earth as is possible will be pre
sented s' one view in this gigantic model.
This will be no mere holiday show. Men
may take their children to it to instruct them
on the subject of that world on which they
live; and the women of our day may here, il
they choose, learn something more than they
know of that surface of which Mrs. Somet
villa, in her ‘‘ Physical Geography,” has writ
ten so well.
We have already intimated that we regard
this model as the commencement of a new era tn
geographical instruction. This great globe is
made up of some thousands of castings in
plaster from the original modeh iu clay. The
first player oast, which is, of course, iu re
verse, will be retained—nod from it any num
her cf correct mo-els may be had. Noiiuog
could be more inttractive thau sueh sections
of the earth. Those raieed mape, telling the
tale of distance and elevation, would impart
an amount of information in schools winch
could not be given by any other method. In
a few weeks the desert of Leicester Square
will, in fact, be converted into a great geo
graphical school. — London Atheneum.
Improved Prixtixo Press —We barn
from a friend lhat a small model of an im
prov, d printing press has lately been de
posited ii. th examiner’s room at the Paient
Office, by the inventors, Mr. Hathaway, (a
printer,)aad Mr. Sirippel, (a machinist,) of
Norfolk, Va. They have applied for apa
tent.
There are many points in this invention
which claim originality; but its principal
feat ire, and which alone will recommend it
■or general use, consists in the great econo
my ol machinery. The Ntpier, with i's heavy
cy-ii.rler, railway, cogwh©<-l-, etc., the average
cost of which exceeds SI4OO is at hat met
by a rival,‘‘stripped for the race,” with sue
third of th* machinery, simple in construction,
perfect in reirularity of movement, for the mod
est sum of SSOO. The average speed is cue
thousand sheets per hour, two peisous being
requ red to work it. Posses dng a half roiary
movement, it can, however, be worked with
ease by one person, at :he rate of five hundred
sheets per hour.
Until something better : s offered, thie mus;
he considered as lhe best aud cheapest inven
tion of the day for priming purposes, the
want of which has been long experienced hy
ihiusandsof newspaper propristerx through
ou' the country.
Bruce & Co., ofN iw York, some time sicca,
offered a premium ot SSOO for the best and
cheapest inproved printing press; and Messrs.
Hathaway and Strippel, we learu, are con
structing one to seud to that city.that they may
claim lhe reward due to their ingeuuily.
H'ashirtgttm Republic.
Loensts.
As this is the year for the re appearance of
lhat variety of the Locusts known as the
seventeen Jfiar," it has called forth from the
Baltimore .In-’erlcan the following very inter
esting article as io the hi bits of that extraordi
nary insect :
Within a week or so we may expect to see
the locusts appear above ground. Dr. G. B.
Smith, of Baltimore, who has pa'd rnucli at
tention to the Labite and history of this insect,
fixes lhe period of their leaving the ground
attest (be the 20 hos Slay. But few will be
found the first day ; more the second, and so
on. increasing in numbers tin about the 27th
of May after which there is a gradual decrease
until about the sth of June, when no more
wifi leave the earth The following descrip
tion by Dr. Smilh of the first appearance of
the insect aoovs ground, and of its transition
to the winged state, isos miu-rte,and no doubt
accurate, as it is interesting :
•• When they come up from tho earth—al
ways about daylight or a little before—they
immediately c'imb tho first object they meet
mu .
fuin? theiiwth ea Ortnff bytheir olar a, ’ aad
com me nr a working thumtelveßoat of their old
shell, which is done by rap’uring it on the back,
between the shoulders, and drawingthemHolves
oat. As soon ns they get fairly out they seize
bold of the old shell with their claws, raise
ihrinselvea, and begin to expand (heir wings.
Their bodies at this time are exceedingly delb
ca.n, white, and taoist; but a few minutes'
exposure tu the air diies and hardens them, so
that by the time lhe sun is fa rfy ri>cn they are
perfoct, and can fly. The wings before
sloughing, are beautifully folded up, and it is
a beaualul sight to see ttiein anfokied, aud ?n
1 few minutes charged from the most sc ft and
delicate tissue to the firm and rigid wing of the
perfect inaact. if it be a wet or very cloudy
day they to perish is the operation of
sloughing or drying.”
It would be curious to imagine the nature
of that instinct which promp s the insect to th-3
effort to burst the barriers of its outer covering
for the attainment of a ntw state of existence
—still more so to imagine ihe joy and delight
with which it must enter upon its aerial life, so
different from the dull, dark, and half torpid
existence which it passed under ground during
the previous seventeen years. The imagina
tive Greeks typified by (his species of transi
tion the change whi'h taKes place with man,
when tho soul, passing from in earthly exis
tence. eater* upon a spiritual life and realizes
the glorias and splendors of a happy immortali
ty.
The American Colonies—Early History.
—At a recent meeting of the Historical Socie
ty of New Jersey—in Newark —Mr* Bancroft
read a very able and in creating paper on “ The
Early Union of the American Provinces,”
which is thus sketched by the Advertiser:
Mr. Bancroft read a very interesting and often el
oquent historical .-ketch. very appiopriate «.o the time,
<n “The Early Inion of the American Provinces,”
or the st< pa which ted tn their final union under one
fiimly established government. It ia hardly possible
to give even an outline cf this admirab c and
we hope that Mr. Bancroft may be induced to com
ply with the requisition of the Society by furnishing
a copy lor pub icalioa. Mr. B. enumerated nine dif
ferent pro pom lions or efforts for terming a anion be
tween (be colonies ; some proceeding iro.n the colo
mes tbetnrtlves aud -orae from the government at
hoTie; souieofthsia beiig partially or temporarily
earned out, and nurse never acted on The first of
these was the aseocialion cf the f ur Ne w England
colonies —Maatucburetls, New Plymouth, Coo a ecu
cut an ! New Haven, ia 1643. it provi Jed for a rep
resentation "f each colony by two cot crissi oners, thus
shadowing terih the in titution of our present Senate.
Often project were suggested by the Board ut
Trude by William Penn, by Diniel Gove, by Dr.
Franklin, by Lord Halites. bv Grenvi'le, aud by i
the .'lel-gaies to tne Congress cf 1765 The Albany
plan of union drawn up by Dr. Franklin in 1754,
presented many of toe features cf the Federation that
was sutteqaeut > adopted.
All these various schemes and propositions pre
pared the pub.’ic mind i»r the proceedings of 176
wit-n delegates met at New York and laid the fonn
dation of (bet basis of union and co-operation, which
resulted ia lhe finai consummation cf the American
confederacy, aud tbe national power and glory at the
revoiotioo* The principal er dit of the wise and
ter-»caching msisiree adopted by this Congress (of
1765) is due to Christopher Gadsden, if Soutn Caro
lina, a man cf ths cleared views, the firmest pur
pose, and the indomitab e courage and will.—
James Otis, of Massachusetts, who his cooi^mpo*.•-
ries said wore tbe deik of a madman and a fool, was
oho conspicuous in this awembiv, as the assert er <f
the tree principles cf liberty. They rejected all re
couise to the technical language of royal charters, as
a futt’idatoa of the righ s and liberties which they
o’ .lined, and plan'.ed themselves no the true ground—
the laws of u turn, and the inalienable lights us me.:
and Englishmen.
Wild Man . the Woods.—The Memphis
Enquirer of May 9‘b, says:
‘ Dorinsr March last. Mr. Hamilton, of Greene
county, Arkituas, w »iie out burning with en ac
q iaioiancf. observed a drove cf cattle in a state of
apparent aiartn, -videatly pursued by some dreaded
enemv. Halting for trie parnose, U>ey soon discov
ered as »he animate led by them, that they were
iol.cwed Uy an animal bearing the unmistakable
hkenesicf humanity. He was of gigantic stature,
the lode beisg covered wi h hair, and the bead with
long locks f'at teirly enve’oped his neck and shculd
e-s. Tne “wild min,” for so we must call hits,
after Lnkiog at them deliberately for a abort time,
turned and run away w.th great speed, leaping from
twelve fa tour eon feet at a lime. Hte foot prink
measured thirteea inches each.
The singular crca’ure his long been known, tra
ditional y, in Sc. Francis, Greene sal Poinsett
i \rktnsas, sportsmen and hunters Sav ng
I described him so bug as seventeen years since. A
planter, indeed, saw him very recently, but witb
bel 1 bis information lest te should not be credited,
untiltbe account cf Mr. Hamilton and h.s friend
plaoed the exutsEcecf the animal beyond cavil.”
A pstty wm to Inare Memphis is psrenit es
the ersetnre.
PRODFCTKJK OF StLK IM FRASCB. —From
ihe article published in the Paris Moniteur, it
appears that tbe production of rawr bi Ik in
France was in 1820, 1.200,000 kilogrammes ;
in 1830 1 500.000 kilos.; IS4O. 2 000 OOt? kilos,
and 1850. 2 500,000 kilos. The production
far the present year is estiina’.ed by some
a thcritics at 2.000,000 kilos , bat others sup
pose this to be an exaggeration. In 181!.
the produce of the cocoons was 3-998.134
ki os. jd 1820 5 229 896; in 1830 7,678,437 ;
and in 1841, 11549 2-8. Thus tbe increase
has been constant, but it has not kept pace
with the consumption. I; is pronosed that
the Government shall give encouragement to
this branch of industry ;n order to relieve the
country from the necessity of obtaining sup.
plies of silk from abroad.
Iktxrestikq Slavz BTATtsTice.—Al the
Declaration of American Indepennncv in
1776, slavery as t ow recognized in the fiettlh
ern States, existed to a greater or less extent,
in all of the lheu thirteen colonies. The fol
lowing table shows the slave popula'ivn t'lea
existing in each colony :
1 Massachusetts. > 3,50’1
2 It bode Island 4,373
3 Connecticut. 6,000
■1 New Hampshire 029
5 New York -15,000
6 New Jersey 7.G00
7 Pennsylvania ••• 10,000
8 Delaware 9,001)
9 Maryland.-80.000
10Virginia
11 North Carolina.- 75,000
12 South Carolinallo,ooo
13 Georgia •■ 16,900
Total number of slaves in 1776.562,132
Os the thirteeu original members of the ebu
federacy, eeven have abolished slavery, viz
Pennsylvania, Now Jersey, New York, Mas
s.-chusettt, Rhode Island, Naw Hampshire and
Connecticut.
Sines the adop’ien of the Constir'itiot’,.,lß
new States have been admitted into the Uuion,
(of which number 9 are free and 9 slave States)
which makes the Union now composed of
thirty-one members, as follows:
Prcc Statu. Slave Statee.
Sq miles. Sq. miles.
1 Michigan. ... 56 243 .1 Teaa
2 Illinois 55,405 2 Missouri..... 67,380
3 Wisconsin. •• 53,924 3 Virginia- ... 61,352
4 lowa- - 50 914 4 F10rida59,258
5 Pennsylvania. 47 000 5 Georgia...... 58,000
6NewYork--. 45 000 6 Aiksc.ias.... 5’4,193
< Ohio 39 9 4 T Alabama...., f 5722
8 Maine 35,000 8 MisTtssipvi... 47.145
9 1ndiana.33,609 9 Isouisiaua.... 46, .31
10 N. Hampshire 8,030 10 N. Carolina.. <
11 Vermont 8,000 il Tennessee .. • b' 9
12 Massachusetts 7,250 12 Kentucky.•• •
13 New Jersey.. OjSbi ila ». oar i’ioa .. 2t>jnX)
14 Connecticut* • 4,750 14 Maryland-... 11,100
15 Rhode Island- 1,200 15 Delaware.... 2,120
16 California, .200,090 •
T0ta1654,340
Sfkbiblz PRoresiTiott.—A prisoner in
jail lately sent to his creditors the following
proposal, which he believed, wonld be for
their mutual benefit: “I have been thinking
th t M t very bad for me to lie here and put
you to expense. My being so chargoab'e
to you has given me great uneasiness. I
know not what it may cost you in the end;
therefore, whit I would say is this: You let
me out of prison and instead of nine shillings,
von th 11 allow me only seven shillings a week,
and the other two shillings shall go towards
:bo debt.”
Tax Lost Tbavxllxr—Among the nu-
Kter.uis victims, distinguished travellers, whose
lives have been sacrificed to the perils of
.Africa n disco very, the world has almost forgot
ten that of the unfortunate Jacques Campeg
r.on, who, under the auspices of the Dake tie
Choisecl. left Senegt.l in 1758 to explore the
country to the north and east <-f Senegambia,
penetrating as far ax the wooded desert of
Simbcuia, where he was heard from in 1760,
and -hen disappeared, never, it was supposed,
to be heard from again. After ninety years
ot mystery and oblivion, however, the veil has
been removed, and tho secret of his fate has
been disclosed by M. de Gayss, a Hungarian
explorer in Africa, from whom a letter has
been received by the Imperial Society'of
Vienna, disclosing the discoveries Wi.iehseem
to place the fact beyond question, besides
giv.ng a very interesting aspec- .41 de Gaysa
writes from the country of the Kommenis,
a semi-civilized tribe, who have some relgieus
nations “ possessing a certain analogy with
the Christian tradition, a regular language, ao
alphabet, aud a mode of writing,” all or most
of which they appear, from their own ac
count, to have derived from a stranger, a
European, who died among them in 1775,
and whoso memory was revered as that of a
rage, or good genius. That this stranger was
Jacques Compaeuon was proved by a number
cf circlin’nances, not the least conclusive
of wliicn was several personal relics, regarded
by the people as rac ed, one being a quadrant
with his name engraved upon it in full. It
would seem from such accounts and traditions
as M.de Gayra wa able to gather, that Com
pagnon was detained by tin Kommeais, and,
being reconciled at last to his captivity, devo
ted himself to instructing them in trie useful
ar:s Dis tomb, consisting es 11 a little stope
monument of a conical fonn, covered with an
incriptiou in i.iereglypbical characters,” was
pointed out io the Hungarian visitor in one es
thoir principal villages
Newark Nkedlks.—The only needle man
ufactory in tilth coun'ry, we believe we have
before s ated, is that established by Sir- Henry
Essex, No. 48 Qinrry st , in this city, who was
formerly a workman for Hemming <& Son, at
Iteddiuh, England, and subsequently of lhe
firm cf Ha< ke'.t & Essex. Manchester, upon
rhe divsoiutioyi of which firm ho came to thia J
fi3*aD&aaPl p nuJ£CY* “. 11 c-
tj> . _ 5 Aw --—-4a —h.
The manner of making the needles is
interesting, and requires a much gresra,
amount and variety of work to perfect them
than one would suppose from a hasty glance
at these tiny articles, some sixteen different
precesses being necessary lor their completion.
The wire ol which they are made ie imported
from England, a-r none es the requisite quality
is made iu this country, and tho duty paid upon
it is 30 per cent., while that upen the needles
made abroad is but2o per < ent. —thus showing
s discrimination on the part of our Tariff in
favor ol the foreign manufacturer, which is
not lhe only instance of au unjust discriuiina
tiou of lhe kind.
The wire is cut into lengths sufficient for two
needle-nach, and after rubbing them straight
they are pointed upon a stone al lhe rate of
103 per minute. They are then stamped, with
impressions preparatory for the eyes, which
are pincned by a press at the rate of fifty iper
minute, and then strung npon wires and placed
in another machine to be filed and fashioned
into the form of needles. The hardening is
now done by a hot furnace, and they are after
wards tempered, straightened and gathered
into bunches of about 50.0(10 each, which are
saturated with oil aud emery, tied in a cloth
and placed iu a trough with a heavy plank uro
viog backward and forward ever them; so
that after some 9 days chafing in this manner,
they are relieved of imperfections and rendered
someth enough lor lhe final pehshing. They
are then arranged with the .toads all iu the same
direc.ion, and the temper taken out of the eyes
and made blue, to render them soft enough for
drilling, which is dene by a small instrument
upon each side of the eye, to prevent them
from cut mg the thread, and this is dons by
boys with great rapidity.
The last process is to count them into par
cels of 25 each, which are neatly put up mto
papers for the market. As il ie the only ss:ab
lishment of the kind in the United States, Mr.
E. finds great d.dica'iy in procuring able work
men, and there are some delects in h-s estab
lishment which long practice will remedy. IVe
are tc Id lhat some 39 stores in this city sell his
needles.— Newark Adv.
“A Snake as was a Snake — A gentleman
from tbe lower part of this county informs us
that be killed a Rattle Snake in tbe upper
edge of Pike county, near Orion, on the first
day of March last, eight feet in length, and
measuring 13£ inches round. It was quite a
pleasant day and his snakeship had emerged
iroin tris deu;o bs*k in the sun. He was of
ihu dark species, aud had double fangs. He
was an old inhabitant, and doubtle-s knew
much of the early history of Pike.—
ry Journal
German Universities.—Returns obtained
from all he German Universities, with tbe ex
ception of three, show that the number of sen
dents at present »s 11,945; of whom 3 973
study law, 2 539 theology. 2,357 philosophy
and philology, 2,146 meJicine : the others,
political economy, etc The Unive’siiy of
Hahe has the greatest number stn eats ia
theology, Hctdeiberg of law, Wmburg of
medicine, Jena in philosophy. T‘e greatest
number of foreign students are at Heidfeberg,
GmUingen, Jena. WnrzbuvK, and L dp*t». At
Berlin there are 2,107 UiHenia, st GreifawaWe
en y 189. Daring the last half year the num
her es students have incraased more or less in
all the Universities.
The Nesbit Iron Works —The Colom
b a ata»es that il has been informed
bv » genilemAti who has lately visited this es
tablish ment. now conduced by “the Swedieh
Iron Manufacturing Company, * that the busi
ness u going on ujoat tae’genc illy and pro ß .
p*rour y under the able tnsnagaujeni of Mr.
Himmer*ko!d. Iron working te carried on
in a great variety of (orme, md the company
find a ready demand for their manufactures,
which give much satis f action whenever tested.
The Cnariotte and 8. C. Ra Iroad Company,
for some time, have been using lor laying
their track, iron cha rs from these works, with
much satisfaction and success.
Burning of a British Indiamax.—The
ship Buckinghamshire, one of die largest In
diameo, was totally destroyed by fire while on
her voyage home from Calcutta to London.
She left Calcutta on the l»t March with a
cargo of India produce and about 200 peo
ple. consisting of troops, passengers and
crew. On her four’.h day out, and when off
Cant< .'bury Point,she was discovered to be on
fire. Every possible exertion was made to
extinguish the flames, but however without
success. She w-s subseqaetly run eshore,
and all hands, with the exception of au who
were drowned, were proviAaatiaUy saved.
She continued burning for three before
she rank. No property was saved from bnr,
and the total loss is estimated at $l2O 000.
Yellow Fever at Rto Jan bi bo,— Cap:.
Thomas, of the British brig Vivid, arrived at
New York in fifty-eight days from Rio Janeiro,
repora that when he !eft» the yellow fever was
very prevalent among the shipping at that
port. He and all the crew were sick with the
fever during the passage, and two of the men
had died. Tae remainder recovered previous
to tne arrival of the vessel.
The number of passengers of first class
carried by the Albany and Schenectady Riii
road, from the Ist to the ](kh May, vas 11 745,
being an increase cf 1 152 over the correspond
ing period of last year, whilst, the emigrant
passengers and freight show a still larger
increase
Frcm t&9 Aeur BulltUn.
The Relation of Railroads to Property.
The subjoined letter famishes a statement of
facts incontrovertible, and coscludve of the
advantage of railroads in affecting evary ele
ment of property. The writer, (and that his
statements may r?ccivo the credit that is due
to them, we have no hesitation in giving his
name, as he is a public man, and laboring in
his vocation when treating of rail;pads,) occu
pies a position affording him superior advanta
ges for collating statistical information; aud
we know of no one who has used those advan
tages to a better purpose, than our correspon
dent John A. Haven, Esq., editor of the Amsri
can RailiMy Tunes-
The conseqcenees of the agency of rail
roads in advancing the value of property in
Massachusetts, in giving impulse to all indus
trial pursuits, increas : ng population, and add
ing to the Sim total of human comfort and
happiness, are f'lr’ibly put by our co.-respoa
dent. But these tndirisi of increasing weatth
and general prosperity, are not pvcuLar to
Massachusetts; they are the inevitable conse
quences of superior energy and enterprise, in
dependent of any particular locajjty, soil or
climate. Railroads will always accomplish
their peculiar destiny, wherever they may be ;
they have a work to do, and wherever there is
enterprise enough to construct them, they are
sure to produce beneficial results The ven
ture is to be made, and it invariably succeeds:
tne experiment when fairly tried, never fails,
whether in densely populated New England,
or.traversir.g rhe pine barrens of lower Caro
lina or Georgia, or dragging their (notjslow
length along in the swamps audio v lauds
of Mississippi and Louisiana, their . -Lenons
ere still the same ; they are the channel j or
arteries through which courses the eieinemsof
nourishment, health and life, for the greet po
li-ical, moral and social system.
Railways are sources of profit directly, as
wail a, indirectly or incidentally. For a long
time the opir-iou prevailed very genera’ly, that
investments iu railroads would not yield a re
monerat ng return to capitalists, whatever
might be their incidental advantages to com
munities at large. There were good reasons
for the prevalence of this opinion in the early
history of railroads, for it so happened, that by
the adoption of au injidicbns policy, either
connecting them with the operations of banks,
or building them with borrowed monev, or by
mbmanagemeut, prodigality or bad faith, onr
first railroads were comparative failures—they
returned little er no interest on the outlay ;
and thrown in the money market as ‘‘fancy
stocks,” of mere nominal value, they served
the purpose of losing money for their projec
tors, and bringing the system into had repute.
But this state of things did no: continue long:
time and experience furnished a corrective. A
“total divorce” was effected bet ween Railroads
and Banks, a wise economy end coiupet nt
management were substituted for heedless ex
travagance, and inexperienced and injudicious
administration, and favorable results forthwith
ensued, and a h.it.daorne remuneration com
pensated stockholders for their early sacrifices.
We could, would time and space permit, for
we have tho mi enal at hand, give an expose
of the fiscal condition ot the several impor
tant railroads in the Union, which would go to
show lhat they give a very handsome remuner
ating return to their stockholders, on the capi
tal invested. We will only instance a very
few byway of illustration.
Beginning with lhe Bta‘e of Massachusetts,
the improvements in wnich fir»t suggested
these remarks wo find that she lias already
built 1142 miles of railroad, which were con
structed atsn average co»tofs47 0110 per mile,
(our Sotrhern roads average $15,009 par mile)
making a total of expenditures on railroads of
$52 000,000, and yet upon these roads, so ex
pensively built, ands” crowded in a circum
scribed apace the not income to the stockhoi
ders averages over 6J per cent—a very fair in
come in sober, staid economical New England.
Some of tho roads in Massachusetts d-clarad
the last year dividends as high as nine per
cent, and leaving besides large referred in
comes. The Ohio roads yield a profit of 104
percent, and annual'y improving. In Penn
sylvania, the returns of a number ol the road,
show a net profit of 9to 12 percent. Io New
York, taking their main line of road as a crite
rion, we find that the road between Albany and
Buffalo pavs an average dividend of twehe
and two tenths per cent. It may he said, that
the . oads at the South are not as profitable as
those of the North, but thia is a mistake. In
Georgia al'the roads have been most profita
ble; the success has been most complete. In
Georgia there are completed, end in process
of construction, nine hundred and sixty miles
es rai'roads —those completed yield about ten
per cent.ou their orig'nal cost.
But we are wastin© time upon this branch of
the subject. The advantages accruing imme
diately to the stockholders, in '.he way of divi
dends from their investments in railroads, era
of secondary considers ion. Were the© net
to return a dollar of interest to those who boiit
i them, no one would be lhe loser. They would
still be inappreciable blessings to coiirtnuniti-sa
coquuercialauu
r, i k —’ - ” ’ i
for Lmu>u and its vicinity, in the la-
Prea.e cf population, and the general advaiWe
ment of business and value of every species
of property. We might, by wiy of illustration,
trace the progress of lhe great State of New
York to 'be enviable eminence she hse attain
ed, and demonstrate incontestably, that her in
ternal improve neoi’i, have been the graat
agents iu accompliahitig such stuperdous re
sults, as to hi ve excited the admiration and as
tonishment of the civilized world, at h»r rapid
-trides to wealth and unparalleled prosperity.
But the review is oo comprehensive, and frem
its very comprehensivenbss, > sinful to the
mental vision. What New York now ia—the
measures and degree of her prosperity, are
matienalmost 100 expansive for cenleropln
tion ; what she ie to be, the glorious destiny
that awaits her. are themes for speculative im
agery and a lively fancy, rather than for cold
ari.hematical calculation. Railroads are the
instruments that have effected thsse mighty re
sults They have levelled mountal ns and filled
up va'leys, turned desert wastes into fertile
fields, converted miserable hamlets into n ir i
ving villages, and again promoted .ullages
into wealthy and prosperous cities. Biray
thousand square miles of superficial < i ass
ure of earth, is checkered with railroads
as with a net work, and the inhabitants
of the Empire State, living five hundred
miles apart, are brought in the proximity of
twenty four hours travel. Cotlid the wand of
Prospero accomplish greater achievements
than ha. the iron horse of the railway track I
But New York is some distance off, and
perchance some of oar readers, who do not
apprehended so distinctively the relations of
cause and effect, may be at a loss to recognize
the agency of railroads in prcducing such as
tonisbing results. Let ns then come nearer
home, aud see if like causes do not produce
like effects.
Georgia and So-t'.h Carolina are convenient
example*. Have we any readers who were
ever driven by necessity (fcr no one weald
make the essay from choice), to traverse in an
open stage coach, the belt of desolate pine
barren, intervening between the “up country’’
and Charleston and Savannah I We have 100
touch of the amour pal rut to dwell upon the
scene. S'tffiee it to say, we have a vivid re
collection of all the moral, sec-al and physical
obstructions, in the way of high fare, bad ac
commodations, and hornple roads that the
unfortunate traveler had to contend wirh in his
three days’journey, from the Capital of Geor
gia to her seaport. Bot how dtfferentthe pros
pect that row meets his eye, as he is whirled
through the «ame region, at the rate of twenty
miles an hour. Cultivated fields, snug, com
fortable dwellings, flourishing villages, and a
thrifty population, skirt the entire line of rail
road, which unites the seaboard with the
mountains of Georgia Then, again,have we
any readers who e er bad the good fortune to
visit Charleston or Savannah some twenty
years ago. when then, as now. a liberal wel
come and a refined hospitality were the presi
ding genii of every domicil, and the “holy
name of stranger’’ a password to every hearth
stone: both of these so designated cities were
then, in fact, ordinary and unpreteod.ng
towns. If any one among ns Lave visited those
•ame cities wuhin the ia-,1 three or five years,
he could not but have been struck with the
strong contrast presented by their external ap
pearance. But a few years ago, these two
emulous cities, now contending for the appal
lauon of ‘ Queen City of the South,” were
apparently sank in a hopeless lethargy ; to use
the language of those times, as expressive of
their degeneracy, “grass was growing in their
streets.” But in the course of time a new
and vivifying spirit possessed them—they
shook off the demon of sloth, awoke from
thei* igmt'.le slumbers, and created for them
selves a new existence. They built railroads
(and to evince their faith and earnestness, they
built twoof the longest raids in the country),
they opened a c-’minuuicat on with the un
known and undeveloped portions of the State,
and by creating new avenues of trade and in
tercourse, they brought a people, with all their
resources, ard with whom they had before
been strangers, in close and intimate commu
nion with them; the natural oqnel was, that
these two towns have become
Urge, populous and nourishing cities where
agriculture, commerce and manufactures have
not only taken deep rcot, but have attained a
healthful and mature growb, already yielding
a rich and plenteous harvest. We might fol
low up these roads, and point out the numer
ous towns and villages, which owe their birth
and existence So the great arteries and con
duits—railroads. which not only created them,
but furaisb them with continued daily sansa
ance. But we have not the time to travel so
far. We must content ourselves with the
glowing but truthful account given by our
correspondent of the improvement of Yankee
land.
“The advance in valuation, bus-new and
population, which tie State of Mawschcsetts
has made since the introduction of the railway,
is tne strongest argument that can bs used as
to its efficiency in developing business. In
faet, without the railway, thia State wou d, ere
this, have fallen off very materially in every
essentia! element of prosperity. A few well
estanlisbed facts will not be out of place at
this moment, for the consideration of the
friends—and enemies, if there are such—of
construction, in the Sta e of Louisiana. In
1840 the total valuation of assaebiuet.s was
about S3OO 000,000;—in 1850, in one short
decadent amounted to 000.000, showing
/V\ * J
1 the extraordinary gam of three hundred mil
lions of dollars; end tl.is result has mostly been
produced by he opening of our Great West
ern Railway to the Hudson river, at Albany,
in 1842. Since that .-vent, the real estate valua
tion of the city of Boston has advanced more
than lhe cost of all the Massachusetts railways
—say in round numbers $52 000,000. The
gain in persons! estate, has likwise been in
full asia-ge a ratio. In addition to this, real
estate, within fifteen or twenty miles of Bos
ton, has advanced iu value from one hundred
to one thousand percent., since the introduc
tion of the railway; and in some cases the ad
vance has beeu even larger. The business of
thia oity has increased so enormously that a
good portion of its limits are now covered with
warehouses, stores and shops, and from mo
tives of economy as well as health, a very large
number of our business men and their fami
lies now reside in tbe adjacent towns, our se
ven great lines of railway and branches, giv
ing tuem every reasonable facility of going be
tween their homes and places of business at
every hoar of the day, and at a very few mi
nutes travel. Thus, practically, we now mea
sure distance by time, rather than by miles.
Whenever our railways have come in comne
tion with the steamboats for passenger traffic,
tbe former has invariably beaten off tba latter,
and the traveller has, on the whole, been the
gainer in Ume, certainty of transit, in less ex
pease and vastly more comfort. During the
past year, we have partially opened several
lines of railway through the Northern coon
try, to Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence
river, and ahhonvh but one of these lines has
reached the Western trade on that river, we
are drawing au immense traffic from it When
these lines are in full operation, their business
—local and through—developed aud consolida
ted, we shall show a still greater increase than
we can at this moment. Another project
which showaour full fsi‘h ir •! e .aiiwav. is A
of. the construction of a liue from Beaton,
through the Northern section of the State, to
Troy, N. Ys for the purpose of tapping the
trade ot the Erie canal, at that place. This
line will enable us to eave over twenty miles
in distance and forty per cent, in grads, over
those of our Western rood. To do this, the
Hoosac mounlain w,l! be tunnelled some four
and one half miles, through solid miea slate
rock, at an expense ofeonie two or 'hree million
of dollars. When this line is constructed, Boston
will be some miles nearer Sa-atoga Springs than
is New York. From Saratoga to Sacker s
Harbor, on Lake Ontario, a line is already
chartered, and when constructed, it will enable
Beaton to reach tho trade of the West by a
con'inuous railway track of about 320 miles in
length, with very high grades, and flour can
be transported over the entire I'ne at an actual
cost of only about twenty-six cents per barrel.
These facts are important only, as they show
what Boston has gained by one railway line
to the Wes’, of the grades a:.d distance of the
Western railway, and what she will inallpro
babili y gain when her shorter and cheaper
lines are in operation. These facts will apply
everywhere. Well located and economical
managed railways, are tne best inveatmeui
tba' can be found iu New England or elsewhere,
and this is me reason why our capitalists, with
their superabundant means, are now construc
ting railways in so many of lhe States of the
Union. A liberal and euhg toned railway poli
cy canuot but oe uighlv conducive to the social,
political and business advancement of every
aecion of our common country. It wih tend
very much to sos ee down and erase a good
share of those political aud sectional ssperines.
which have unfortunately existed for the past
few years, and it will lead men of all classes and
parties better to understand tbeir true interest,
rights and duties, considered with reference
to a proper loyalty to the Constitution of our
common country; whiohis the true test of au
intelligent patriotism.”
Most Important Ihtxmtion. —Nsro SroiegZe
Tree for Carriagee.— According to the Phila
delphia North American, a citizen of Noiftilk,
Va., Mr. James Adam, has recently invented a
safety spring awingle-tree, so arranged that
both traces can be slipped off at the will of the
driver, and the horse released mstantaneously
from lhe vehicle. The danger of a runaway
scrape is said to be thus entirely obviated—au
announcement which will doubtless be a wel
come one to those who dislike an unexpected
race, in which they are unwilling actors, espe
cially the more inexperienced, who aro unable ;
to see any fuu in such kiud of adventures.
We have seen the time whan wa would bare
giren four times the price of the buggy in
which we were riding—yes, forty—-could we
have disengaged a horse running away at a
rate of speed not at all comporting with onr
ideas of either comfort or safely.
ExTRAORDiHAnr Telegraphic Despatch.
—The Europa reached her wharf this morning
©•ranh 131 •’-•radway, sr-metimebeAcire
■«tnu. <o the office being open
The Pittsburg office got to work about 8 A.
M.,and the despatch commenced going to
New Orleans at 10 minutes pist 8, and was
received and put up in the Merchants’ Ex
change before 9 o'clock A. AL, aud the ac
knowledgement of its receipt reached the O'-
Reilly Telegraph office in New York at quar
ter past 11—thus having traveled from New
York to New Orleans and back in three hours
and five minutes. The news was only rewrit
ten three times in its transmission. The dis
Unce between New York and New Orleans,
following the track of lhe telegraph wires, is
about 2 000 miles, and may somewhat exceed
that distance
ior Sale.
PORTABLE STEAMSAWMILL
FOR SALE,
FOR. SALsJE, a portable Steam SAW MILL,
warranted to cut 3,000 feet in 12 hours. Ap>
plv at this oifice. apl6
FOR SALE?
AT MY MILL, 1500 bushels CORN, in the
ear. or ground with the Cob. If ground with
the Cob, 66 lbs. answers to the bushel, and meas
ures 1 bushet 3 pecks, and decidedly more heakhy
for Stock than Corn unground.
myß JAS. L. COLEMAN.
DESIRABLE COUNTRY RESI
DENCE FOR SALE.
MTIIFs well KNOWN RESI
DENCE of the late Charles Cunningham,
on the Turknett Spring Koad, within two
miles oi the city of Augusta. The Lot contains 25
Acres of Land, enclosed by asube’antial fence. The
House is new and commodious, having all the most
approved conveniences. All the Out-buildings are
neat, substantial, and in good o-der. The furniture
can he w»th the bouse, if desired.
Parsons wishing to purchase, will please apply to
either of the Subscribers, who are, by terms of the
will, authorised to dispose oi the property at private
sale. Terms made easv.
JOHN BONES,
WM. J. EVE,
OWEN P. P!fZ c !MONS,
myß-tf Qualified Eieco’oni,
NEGROES. NEGROES. NEGROES.
JUST ARRIVED, SEVENTY-SIX young,
likely NEGROES, which, added to our former
stock, will make one hundred and fourteen we have
now on the Market. By calling at our Depot at
Hamburg, S. C., purchasers can be suited, and ■ boae
wishing to purchase are requested to examine our
Stock before purchasing elsewhere.
o44wAwf JENNINGS A ROBERTSON
FOR BALE,
MTHE SUBSCRIBER offers for
rale bis FAMILY RESIDENCE in the
Town of Marietta. It is located in a de
eirame part oi town, is well improved contains
ebout two acres. The dwelling has a: ns rooms and
one basement all well finished. Poeseeslon can be
had the first of July.
For terms, apply to Col. David DobL», Wm. P.
Young) or John F. Arnold in the aoraoce of
Aul ap3o w NELSON M. BENTON.
Valuable Plantation for- ale,
ill S subreribar cUars for .ale her
PLANTATION, lying direct!, on the
-X- line of Hail Hoad, about *9 mile* from -X.
ihe city of Montgomery, Alabama. The tract o.
Land contain* about 960 acres, 400 of wb cb is open
and, and is one oi the beet sandy lan 1 cotton pian
ist!-ns io Alabama. For farther particulars, address
the st bsciiber, Fort Decatur, Mic-r. county, Ala.
mylS-wlO rLIZ.A BIRCH.
BANK AtiKNT, at Madison, Morgan county,
Ga.—Notes, Accounts. Collection*, and any
other business, in Morgan and the adjoining counties,
promptly attended to. Remittances in Checks cn
Augusta er Ne.v York, and Banking and Monied
mat'ers, carefully attended to. Always at bia poet,
he wilt do u's best to serve his patrons. (Pay the
pvstcreon letters addressed to me.)
•.•Office on Main-st., opposite Pharr & Snelling.
fe7-dAw3m*
FARMERS. LOOK TO YOUR
HORBEB.
ISAAC COLLIER, tbs well known slock
X raiser of Barren county, Kentucky, bay invented
a medicine which be oilers Co wager 15>0 will cure
anyc'useof l.ameucse. Spavin, Big Head, Big daw,
Strains and Strains, Splint,, ft iud Galla, Ringbone,
Tbrtisb, Poll Evil, OU Sores or Saddle Gails in
Horses.
Read tbe following Certificate:
Thestib cribere have used Isaac Collier’s Remedy
for Diseased Horses fcr the last 4 years, sot! are so
much pleased with it as a remedy fcr Hotse«, as
well as other kinds of stock, lbs' they take pleasure
in reeemiaendiog it to the public, believing that all
who give it a tnal will be perfectly satisfied of its
merits. Lewis R. Lams, Barren co., Ky.
Ram'l. D. Pair-vs “ “ “
Busy A. MeiAOM, Adair " “
W. T. Juhsso.v, Greene “ “
A. D. McEuaor, Allen “ “
Stxphbs Coss. a, Hart " '•
This medicine is for sale in Augusta by
PHILIP A. MOISE,
Dialer in Drags and Medicines.
Price—(l per bottle, or sis boules for *5.
my'Zl -w
SPRING HILL MACHINE SHOP,
jfe FOR BUILDING AND REPAIRING
X'Xall kinds of COT CON AND WOOL MA-
Y—making large SCREWS AND
GEARING, of all kinds—TURNING IRON,
WOOD, &c..
ALSO WOOL CARDED AND BATTED,
slxojesfrem Augusta,on the Louisville road, where
the oroprietors will be grateful for all orders—orthey
e-n be left at C. A. & M. H. WILLIAMS’S, Augun
ciT—or directed to Richmond Factory P. O.
420.tf BACK & DUVAL.
VOL.LXV—NEW SERIES VOL.XV-NO- 22*
Mvlascmoly Accidiyt.- Wo regret to
state that on Monday evening last, while
Col. Moughon of Baldwin, was riding in the
street, with Col. Joseph Bond, the horse took
i fright, ran away, and dashed the buggy first
against a rock, then egaiaet a tree, throwing
oat both gentlemen. Col. Bond was not hurt,
but Col. Moughon it is feared is very seriously,
if not mortally injured.
As we go to press we learn that his case is
extremely critical, and that in consequence of
his age and infirmities, it will be almost impos
eibio for him to recover. He is a very atnia
bl. and h ghly respected gentleman, and his
lees would be most deeply end universally re
gretted. — Jour. it Mw 2Q«A.
From lAs N. Y. Commercial Adoertimr.
Tito Methodist Caw Sult.
Tbib very important case was opened in
the United States Circuit Court, in New York,
on Monday last, and as it is a case of great
interest to a large portion of the public, we
subjoin the following report of the opening
from the Commercial Adwrtitcr:
The United States Circuit Court room was
thronged at an early hour this morning with
persons desirous of hearing the argument in
the controversy between the Methodist Epis
copal Church and the Methodist Episcopa'
Church, South. Among them we noticed
several clergymen of various denominations
and the gallery was oocupied by a number of
'adies. Judges Nelson and Betts took their
seats on the bench at ten o’clock, and the
counsel for the parties soon made their appear
ance at the bar. Southern clergy present,
Bev. Drs. Early, Pierce, Smith; Northern
clergy present, Rev. Drs. Scott, Durbin,
Peck, Kennedy.
TtMMi'M of 'hr '■miso is Henry K. Baseom
and others vs. George Cane and others, and
the complaint is filed in equity for the purpose
of enforcing a diviriuu of the finds of the
Methodist Book Concern. The Hon. Rever
dy Johnson, of Baltimore, and Daniel D.
Lord, Esq., of this city, appeared for the com
plainant, Mr. Webster, who is also engaged on
the same side, being absent For the defen
dants, appeared the Hon. Rufus Choate, o
Massachusetts, and George Wood, Esq., of
th.e city. Hon. Thomas Ewing was also pre
sent, he being counsel for defendants in a
similar suit against the branch Methodist Book
Concern of Cincinnati.
Daniel Lord opened the case with a brief de
tail of the general facts and circumstances of
tho ca:e. The subject of this controversy is
whatiedenouiinated "iheßook Concern”in the
city of New York, the funds of which amount
to $750,000. In the early history of the
Methodist oenomiua ion, the press was resort
ed to by Mr. Wesley, for the purpose of dis
geminating a religious literature.
The nucleus of th** establishment in this
country was in I hila.ialphia, whence it was
soon after removed io Naw York. It became
ultimately a concern of great magnitude.
In 1833, their building was burned down, but
was soon rebuilt, and the Concern gradually
increased in its operations until it reached its
present large extent. The profits of the fund
were devoted to making up a provision for
superannuated preachers, the widows and or
phans of deceased ministers, &c.
The affairs of this denomination are govern
ed by what are called annual conferences and
a general conference. In 1784 there was but
one annual conference, but afterwards and for
a long period of ime there were seven. The
conferences consisted of a’l the preachers wh
‘ travelled” a particular circuit. In 1844
there we.a 32 or 33 auoui.i confe-encts. 1 lie
general system of the Malbodist clergy, is to
itinerate from one church to another Many
of these were unable to pay tbeit ministers, and
the conferences provided for them as far as
they could. When the conferences were too
poor to provide for them, a deficiency of course
occurred, and it was to supply this deficiencv,
iu part, that lhe surplus funds of the Book
Concern were appropriated. In 1808 the pow
er of the General Conference became so abso
lute, that the more conservative members of
the denomination begin to fear that it would
be dangerous, as it might even alter the doc
trines of the church, and a change was then
made in its organization, providing that it
should be composed of delegates instead of all
the preachers, and a number of restrictions
were imposed.
Among other things they were restricted
from divirtinglho surplus funds of the Book
Concern to any other purpose than the sup
port of superannuated preachers, &o.
A great question will arise in this ease as to
the a .feet of this restrictive rule. It grew out
of the subject of slavery. The Methodist de
nomination at an early period took high
ground on temperance and slavery. They
excluded from membership any one who
bought and sold human beings, for the pur
pose of enslaving them, and these provisions
were found to be so impracticable that thov
were rescinded at the next General Confer
toco and the matter was left to the legislation
ejf states ip
abolition be nan very seriously to disturb lhe
Maihodisi Church.
The bishops and the conservative clergy
endeavored to soothe the agitation. But iu
1844 the matter became critical and decisive,
and a state of things then occurred which ne
cessarily led tea separation of tbisohurch into
two parts. A mini-iter named Harding had
been complained of as pos«e sing slaves, and
the Baltimore Conference suspended him.
although it was impossible for nun to manu
mit them under the laws of Maryland. He
appealed to the General Conference, and that
body confirmed the suspension. Another
difficulty occurred in lhe case of Bishop An
drew iu Georgia, who had two slaves, both
of whom it was impossible for him to manu
mit. The abolition spirit was up, however,
and it was determined to attack him.
Without trying him, they passed a resolu
tion that he should suspend his episcopal func
tions until he manumitted hie slaves.
These things convinced the Southern mem
berg of the chu’cb that it was unprofitable for
them to go on in connexion with their North
ern brethren They presented a document to
lhe General Conference of 1844, protesting
against the action taken in the eases of B shop
Andrews and the Rev. Mr. Harding, and de
claring that if it was persisted in, the Metho
dist Society in the South, would be extinct.
Sixteen Southern Conferences elected dele
gates to a Conference of the Methodist Church
South, held at Louisville, in 1845, and they
resolved to organize themselves into a church
independent of the North. They appointed
commissioners to meet commissioners of the
Church North, and ar'ango a plan of separa
tion. But the Northern body bad, in the mean
time been overtaken by constitutional scruples
and refused to recognize the action of the
Louisville Conference, notwithstanding it had
been held at their own suggestion.
The Louisville Conference adopted lhe
whole creed and discipline of the Methodist
Church as it had existed m this country since
1784, and did not change a single doctrine.
The Southern claimants to their share of the
profits of lhe Book Concern are therefore just
as orthodox as they ever were, and just as
much entitled to their prop onion tn the
fund which has been accumulated by the joint
exertions of their fathers and husn-uds.
Mr. Lord then read the complaint. After
which Mr Johnson (a-on of 'ha Hon Rev
erdy Johnson, we believe) read a portion of
the answer, an 1 Mr 1. L i anchor concluded
the reading of the same The reading of lhe
application was dispensed with.
Mr Lord here stated that Bishop Bascom
having died since the bringing of the suit, he
had ot lained a consent from the defendants to
substitute the name of the Rev. William A.
Smith, as one of the plaintiffs, and an order
of the Court making sachiubaUtu'ioa wm ac
cordingly made.
Mr Lord commenced his argument bv sta
ting that Emory’s History, the Book nf Dis
cipline, the printed journals of th Conference
prior to 1848, and other documents were to be
introduced B.a ev'deuce, by agreement between
the parties.
He then read extracts from the Book of Dis
cipline of IS4I, page 193; Dr. Emory's His
tory, under the year 1800; the Articles of
Religion; the Six Restrictive Articles; Wes
ley’s'Letter to Dr. Cocke, Mr. Francis Asbury
and tbe brethren in North America, &.C , and
had not finished reading the authori ie* upon
which his argument is to be founded when we
left.
UxiTßt Statxs Circuit—Court sxcosd day.
Befo'e Judge, Nelson and Betts. Henry B.
Bascom and others vs. George Lane and oth
ers.
This important case was resumed at ten
o'clock this morning Mr. Lord continued
reading ex rac-s from the Book of Proofs st
pag-m 64, 68, 74.74,75, and also f-om tbe De
bates of tbe General Conference of 1814
nags- 22 23 and 24. He also read the- laws
of Maryland prohibiting tbe manumission of
• lives within that state, end refeired to the
written opinions of Jiidge Key and the Hon.
Mr Merrick, on the case of the Rev. Franci
A. Harding, wh ch were presented to tbe
Ba! itaore Conference which suspended that
minister.
The Rev. Dr. Smith, at the request of Mr.
Lord, read the pro'este of tbe minority of the
General Conference against the action of the
majority io relation to B shop /xndrew.
Mr Lord then read a letter from the late
Bishop Baacomb, the author of the protest, ex
olainiog some portions of that document
which had beeu misconstrued.
Mr Wood for the defendants asked that
they might here be permitted to read the re
ply to tbe pretest, and the counsel for the
completjanta making no objection, it was with
the assent of the Court read by the Rev. Dr.
Peek.
The points upon which tbe complainants
rely are as follows :
1. Tbe capital arising from the profits of the
Book Concern was the result of the com
mon tabors and services of all the members oi
all the conferences. I was not ■ coaritable
fund merely from dona ions. It was a fund
of earnings, to make up the dificwncy of com
pensation for service rendered, and to pro
vide for those who earned, it when they be
came incapable of labor ; and for those who
were dependent on them.
2. It was distributed by the annual confer
ence but belonged in actual rigbt to tbe
beneficiaries, and, as such, was and is protec
ted by the sixth restrictive rule.
3 The title of the beneficiaries at the time
immediately before the separation of the
church into two parts was perfect, and it can
not be defeated or forfeited without a clear
proof of break of condition by the beneficia
ries.
4. Even if a breach of condition by tbe an
nual conferences by whom the fund was to ba
distributed could forfeit, there has been no for
feiture; because, lhe General Conference of
1844 hpd the power to consent to an amicable
division of the conferences on grave causes
touching the general efficiency of he Church.
5. The general Conference of 1844 did in
fact and on a proper ground consent te such
division to take effect immediately, in the
choice of tbe Southern Conferences, anl with
out any condition.
6 The General Conference of the Church
South was duiy and properly organized aej
cording to the plan of separation, and is in
every respect as properly a General confer
ence within its limits as the General Confer
ence of the Church North.
7. The beneficia>ies of lhe fund in question,
therefore, who belonged to the Southern con
ferences, did not by the new organization lose
any rights, nor were they disqualified in any
manner from claiming their share of the fund ;
and such claim is appropriately made, through
the General Conference South, which suc
ceeds to the place of the prior General Confe
rence of the whole church.
8. An acceunt should, therefore, be ordered
of the proportions of tbs profits of tbe Book
Concern, according to tbe numbers in the
minutes of 1844. and at lhe same ratio of the
profits since. Also, the capital of the fund
should be decreed to be divided in the same
way, and paid over to tbe commissioners Sauth
u new trustees, or to proper trustees to be
appointed by the Court. The profits of the
past are to bi whj’e: to dietrit, ;'ion accord
ing to the directions of the genera! Conference
Sooih, whether the fuod remain with tbe pre
sent trusses or be paid over to lhe new trus
tees.
There is such a mass of documentary evi
dence te be read in this case that it will proba
bly occupy the greater pan of the week. Na
speeches have yet been made by the counsel
on either side, except lhe opening address by
Mr. Lord, and as there is no jury, there will
be very little room for eloquence. The Court
room, however, continues to be crowded with
spectators.
Third Dav.—Before Judges Nelson and
Betts—Hanry B Bascom and others vs.
George Laue and others.
At tbe opening of tbe Court this morning,
Mr. Choate referred to the passage in the
Books of Proof which he should read from
for the defence, and the argument for com
plainants was then commenced by Mr. Lord.
He said—
There is a starting point in this controversy
on which we are a’l agreed, and that is that im
mediately prior te the separation, all the super
annuated and wo-n out preachers, their wid
ows, orphans, &c., wore entitled to partici
pate in the prutl aof this Book Concern. It
may be said that tbe distribution of these pro
fits was under the control of the General Con
ference ; but without an utter abandonment of
its primary duty, we contend it had nothing to
do with them, except to see that they pa-aed
over to the annual conferences, to be by them
distributed according to tha intent and purpose
of the original establishment ol this fund.
There wane di-oraction in this subject irt ha
conferences I'heir duiy was simply to ascer
tain what psr-i.ina within their limits came uu
dur the cia-s of beneficiaries. In this Court it
is unnecessary for us to ascertain whether the
estate of these beueflc.anos is a legal or an
equitable one in ths profile of lhe Book Con
cern.
I’ney certain'y had a right to tbe profits, and
the agents were merely their trustees to see
them properly accounted for, and paid over.
Why have they not those rights still f Are
they not Methodises T Have they abandoned
one jot of doctrine or discipline 1 Are they
not in communion with the Methodist Church?
The defendants say in their answer that lhe
plaintiffs have all forfeited their rights in conse
quence of secession.
If the Court order a distribution of the
profits.it does not fo'low that the fund must
be divided. I cansiill boemp'oyedio carrying
on this Book Concern, and the p.ofits may be
divided pro rata. There need bs no technical
difficulty on this point.
The relief asked can be afforded withnot dis
turbing tbe fund in any manner whatever, if
the Court should find any difficulty in that
respect. Mr. Lord here cited Field vs. Field,
9 Wendell. 400; Miller vs Gable, 2 Denio 518;
10Paige645; Davis and Jenkins, 3 Vesey A
Beames 152 ; Attorney Gen-ral and Pearson,
3 Merivale 352 ; 7 Simons23o ;10 Eng. Ch.
R-jp. 61; Leslie vs. Burly,2 Ruesell 114; 3
Eng. Chan. Rep 46: Attorney General and
Shore, 7 Simons 290, note; Milliken and
Mitchell 3 Mime & Craigg 77.
There is in the very nature of the subject a
light to guide us in all this matter. We find
f. om Emory’s History that this fund originated
with UM> oreaeliere. Kvew eesaehev was an
agent in tho'distribution of this literature.
They solected the books, and they sold them,
and it was through their labors alone that this
Book Concern reached its present magnitude.
Have not these men then something more
than a mere right to alms at the hands of this
Concern ? Nothing seems to bo clearer than
'.hat after providing a religious literature,
the very design of the institu ion was to es
tablish n fund for the support of distressed
nrsachers and their families. That was the
stimuluus which encouraged them in their
labors for years.
They looked forward with confidence to a
provision for their support in old age, out of
lhe funds accumulated by their joint labors,
Spending the best portion of their lives on a
poor pittance of 200 a year, thia fund was
their only hope for themselves in old age and
their families after death. No mere techinelo
objectioncan be permitted in any court of equi'y
to forfeit the rights of such beneficiaries. My
learned friends will have to make their doe
trines of forfeiture as clear as noon day bo'
fore thia Court will consent to deprive the be
reaved, the distressed and tbe fatherless, of the
provision which has been ao hardly earned.
This fund has been created by tbe labors of
the worn out and superannuated preachers,
who now claim their proportion in its profits.
It isacommon propery of earnings aud can
only be called a charily by technicality of
law.
If the forfeiture is to be according to the
doctrine of our opponents, not only the
preachers who participated in the Conference,
but the widows and orphans who had no share
in the action of the Conference, are to be de
prived of iheir support for offences in whieh
they have no posubie share Thia is so man
ifestly nnjust that it is absolutely revol-iug and
repugnant to every sense of right. It is as
severe a« the laws of Draco, except that in
stead bf dealing in blood it deals iu starvation.
Sarno.- fur a moment that some fore-gn
power should conquer a portion of the terri
tory in whieh this Methodist Church io now
existing, and prohibit iu form es worship from
being observed by any of its inhabitants.
Should tbe Methodist clergymen, who hap
pened to reside there With their families, be
at once cut off from all participation in these
profits? springing from a fund which had
been created in pert by their labors 1
Tbe defendants are carrying on an Indian
war. They spare neither man, woman nor
child. All must be scalped. I absolve them
in my heart from any desire to do injustice,
but they are driven on by the multitude behind
them.
1 now propose to examine the grounds of
forfeiture wbich these defendants set up. One
is, that even if tbe General Conference did
grant power for thia separation they had no
power to do so. In tbe next place they say
that tbe power was only granted on the con
tingency of iu passing the annual confer
ences.
Or. the power of the general conferences to
aj’.horiz-. a separation of the Church, I re
mark iu -he fit.i pl <ce that there is no sort of
pretence of any cevi lien in doctrine, prec
,tce, morals, ri.es ceremonies or u-eges. In
every o.uer case u* a similar character, there
has been u vuax.ee “f doctrine. Tne only
change here has been from a unity to a duality
us tbe governing power. And it tbis separa
tion is to make a forfei'nre of tbe fund, why
then it has been forfeited by the North as well
as tbe South, and nobody can claim it except
some old superannuated preacher who was
unable tu be present and take pan in the Gen
eral Conference of 1844.
1 submittbat 'be Conference bad power to
divide itself. If it were not for tbe great facil
ities of travel which have been discovered, I
suppose that no mau would Lave disputed tbe
right of the General Conference to say ihat
there should hereafter, be two General Con
ferences, one Easier the Alleghany mountains
and another West. The mere difficulty of
travel would have been considered a sufficient
cause for a separation by every rational mind.
He ci ed Emory’s Hts ory ot tbe Discipline
to sbow rbe power of the General Conference
even to change the whole discipline, and read
voluminous extracts from tbe Book of Proofs
No. J, showing tbe manner in wbich the se
paration was effected between the Methodist
Churches of the United States and England,
and between those of Canada and u.e United
8 a es. The General Conference voted 104
to 53 that a separation of the Canadian Metho
dists was constitutional and expedient.
It is true that vote was afterward reconsi
dered, but it was on tbe ground of inexpedi
ency, and there is no reason to suppose that
the 104 members, who voted far the resoletteu
of separation originally, bad changed their
deliberate views st to its constitutionality.
Tners was no difficulty as to tbe separation of
bodies, but tbe whole trouble grew out of the
separation of fande. And I most confess that
tn the course of my examinaiion of this case
I have been surprised that a tody which ha*
in its discipline manifested such devotion to
honorable poverty, should always bare so
much difficulty when there i» «»y money to
be divided. ..
When we left, Mr. Lord had been speaking
nearly three hour., and “«/“<*
that there had belter b» an intermt.sion of ten
or fifteen mtnotes. but he declared that ho WM
not tired, and thanking K e Court for it* cour
tesy, proceeded with the argument.
The audience was not quite so uumerou*
to day as at the earlier stages of the case.
Among those present we noticed Judge Btorrs
of tbe Supreme Court of Connoeucut, end
th* Rev. Dr. Spring of this city.