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»bame, that in a country of boasted Republican prin
ciples, the man should be found, (nay, not one man
only, butaparty; a party big enough to nominate a Go
vernor.) to maintain that they were bound not even
to strive to maintain their principles; that after one
defeat they could n*H renew issues. In a Constitu
tional Government, it is true that the decisions of the
majority can <niy be overthrown in appointed ways.
Until an ther election the decisions must stand.
But was it ever before disputed in this Government;
has tyranny ever dared to raise her front so high as
to deny that the minority may try the chances of
another election? To what purpose is the ballot
box consecrated, if not to this? If minorities have
no such rights, what hope have they but in banish
ment?
And yet this shameful, preposterous heresy lies at
the bottom of their whole unbaptized platform. Un
der this pitiful pretext they hide, when asked why
they condemn the Compromise, yet do not resist it.
Under this they hide when submitting to ** outrage.”
“ Make the issue again like men. Say to Georgia,
your decision was wrong. Correct it, not bv revo
lution, but by the ballot box. We, your faithful sen
tinels, cail on you to reverse it speedily. Repudiate
the Compromise, that fraud upon your rights thvt
blot on your honor—that outrage. Send men to t.te
Congress of “the Assailed States.” There yet is time.
The Democratic paity have been often beat. <■
did not therefore abandon it. bung aloft the
same flag, and fought for the same principles. But
the rights and honor of the South were not pr:nci
plea worth contending for twice. 1 ney did not eur
vi ve one defeat. No. Tne base crew make haste to
submit. They get under indecent covers rather than
not submit. They hide in this very cess pool of
despotic doctrine, rather than again raise the same
issue with the pecple of Georgia.
Ye who proclaim yoursslves the leaders of Stoic
Rights men!—y< who are so loud as to the sove
reignty of the people!—are ye leaders in Israel, and
have not learned this? Do you not know that to
renew at the ballot box the issues you have lost 'R
no treason, but tha undoubted right of the minority,
the highest duty end meet distinguished glory (be
oauee of its evident disinterestedness) of the citizen?
Ye basest of submissionists; who will not even
resist by ballot! Do you publish to the world this
cred aud still hold up your brethren as submission
men? If you ar? the best stuff in Georgia, its yon
would have men believe, how low, haw vile, how
abject must she have become.
x And yet for such a reason, for such a reason only,
do Gov. McDonald and his adherents swallow
their brave werds. They have got no new light;
the Compromise is still an outrage; the Southern
Congress is not yet in session ; it is not too late to ap
* peal from the verdict rendered by the people last
year. But no. They make baste, and delay not
to submit They do not want to try that issue over
again, even if Georgia remain “ degraded.”
Gov. McDomald then proceeds to say that u it is
to consider it (the right of secession and re
sistance) as set down by our people as a political
axiom, to be acted on,” &c.
IfJ sir, your Convention spoke truth when it said
that ths Southern States “ have been deprived, by
high hand, of all their interests in the territories
acquired from Mexico; have been degraded from
their condition of equality in the Union ; have been
farced to surrender territory unquestionably and le
giti.nately their own, to the use and enjoyment of
the hireling “States,” then it is not sufficient for
those believing such things true, to lay down axioms
for the future, .’rodigiouaiy bothered are ye all for
axioms. If the outrages you allege to have been
committed do not justify their application to practice,
then you may safely be trusted with axioms as trucu
lent as your own words. But is it true that you will
let Georgia, your own State, your fatherland, lie
low in dust and “ degradation,” with only one strug
gle for her elevation? Is she fallen so low that she
cannot, by dint of argument, by the power of tbs
press, by the most strenuous effort of her sons, be
arouped even to feel an iniuli? Then, in God’s
name, let us abandon her. Let us go to a land we
are not ashamed of. Let us disown and repudia'e
her. But if she have a spark cf honor unextinguitsh
ed, let us try to kiud eitto a blaze. At least, whi's
her sister States have not met in Council, let us try
io keep honor alive, in the hope she may catch the
flnne from them.
But we must defer to another time any further
•omment upon Gov. MoDonald’s brisk'y retreating
latter.
We have seen where he was— where be is —which
way his track once pointed—which way they now
point.
is he sincere is backing out? Does he really
mean to leave his own State “degraded?” We
have no use for a man who, believing her so, is wil
ling to leave her so.
But on the o'her hand. Is he honest? With the
retraction on his lips, would be still prefer disunion
to the Compromise? Is the issue he means, differ
ent from tha issue he speaks ?
Then he is not fit to be trusted even by those who
agree with him in sentiment; we care not which
horn of the dtlemma his adherents take, whether he
honestly intends to leave Georgia in a state of degra
dation, or whether he is afraid to make a manly,
honest issue. One b:rn or the other they must
take. B**»***.
Washington, June 23, 1851.
Col Hardkk's Expedition. —The Western
Texan of the 12th insL, gives us, in the follow
ing extract, the first account we have had of
the movements of the expedition of Col. Har
dee, which had left San Aotonio to chastise the
refractory Indians :
Some six weeks sinco, Messrs. Koi ins and
Stem, Indian Agents, app'ied to the Executive
of the State for n military force to be sent into
the Indian country, to airoat those Indiana who
h'led two Germans at Cra'g’s trading house,
I fall, and stole the small girl from Aransas
U about the same time. The Indians, in
their treaty with Agent Rollins, in December
last, had agreed to deliver up these offenders,
or in the event that they could not do so, then
to 'point them out to such military force as
might be sent to arrest them It was with the
view of carrying out the latter clause of the
said article in the treaty that application was
made to the Executive.
Gov. Bell immediately made the necessary
requisition upon Geu. Harney, who sent Col.
Hardee, with two hundred dragoons, in com
pany with the agents, into the Indian country.
After arriving at the German settlements on
the Llano, the agents sent runners out for the
Indians supposed to be in that vicinity, who, in
about six days, succeeded in bringing into camp
the Lipans end the Camanche chief, Catumsie
The Camanche chief. Little tVolf, was also
notified, but he was on the east Ade of the Col
orado river, and was prevented from attending,
as is supposed, on account of a sudden and
very great rise in that river.
The party under Buffalo Hump, being on
the Brazos. w:is not notified, and there was no
attempt made to do so, as it was understood
that their chief had just died and the band was
in confusion. Catumsie and Lipans were the
only Indians present, who signed the treaty.
The agents made them a talk, explaining the
object of tbo expedition. The Indians replie I
at once, that they had kept the treaty, and
were still willing to do so, but they were ready
to go along and point out the offenders if they
could be found, and give all the assistance in
their power. For this purpose Carawah, the
second in command to Catumsie, was selec ed
to accompany Col Hardee, who started in
company with Agent Siem, on the 29th May,
for the Upper Brazos, intending to make ex
aminations among the Indians upon the Clear
Fork of that stream, and down to Fort Gra
ham.
Agent Rollins left thu command on the
Llano, and visited the Lipan encampment,
further up that stream, where he obtained 13
Mexican children, prisoners among those In
d aiis. On the third day after leaving the Ger
man settlements, and while on the North Fork
of Crady’s Creek, the command of Col II ir
dee was again visited by Catumsie, who came
in to say that he had, since visiting the camp
on the Llano, succeeded in getting the white
boy Hart, s'olen from Refugio. Col H. sent
Capt. Steel back to the Camanche camp, who
obtained the boy and brought him to San An
tonio ; he stared for his home yesterday moru-
Ou a subsequent dqy Agent Rollins saw the
chief Catumsie. and obtained four Mexican
boys, making in all seventeen, recovered from
the Lipans, and Csmancliee There prisoners
together with eight Camanchees under Catuui
vie. and six Lipans, under Cbipote, were
brought into San Antonio by the agent ou
Tuesday
The agent states that the Indians he saw are
certainly anxious to remain friendly, and will
not engage in a difficulty with the whites if
they can avoid it He believes from all the in
formation that could be obtained, that those
who made the treaty have observed it, if not
positively, more ful y than con'd have I een an
tieipated from a wild and half starved peopk
The Indiana whocauie in are behaving with
<>««’ propriety, and are delighted with the
changes in Bau Antonio since they last saw it.
Mr. Rollins saw many *ther Mexicans among
the India us. men and wom,n, lut those who
were grown invariably refused to leave the In
dians, stating that they could go home at anv
time if they desired it, but that they preferred
horses to ride, and idleness among ihe Indians,
to work and servitude at home. Many of the
children refused to coma, and the agent was
compelled to hire a guard for several nights to
prevent them Iren. trending.
Flax Cottos is Eaeiaso —The editor of
the N. Y. Tribune, in a letter from London,
after referring to the discovery of Mr. Claus
sen, by which the flax fibre can be so dissolved
tbroogh chemical agents, that it loses its
coarseness and hardness, and becomes as soft
and fine as the best cotton, gives Mr. Claus
sen's estimates of the probable coat of the new
mateiial:
“He says the flax straw, or the ripe, dry
plant as it comes from the field, with the seed
taken off, may be grown even in England for
$lO per ton, but he will concede its cost for
the present to be sls per ton, delivered, as it
io necessary that liberal'inducements -hall be
given for its extens-ve cultivation. Six tons
of the straw or flax in tbe bundle will yield
one ton of dreaaeu and clean fibre, the cost of
dressing which by this method, so as to make
it flax cofon. is $35 per ton. (Our superior
western machinery ought considerably to re
duce this.) The total eost of the flax cotton,
therefore, will be $125 per ton. or six cents
rar pound, while flax, as it comes from the
eld, is worth sls per ton ; should this cume
don to $lO per ton. the cost of the fibre, will
be reduced to SOS per ton, or less than five
cents per pound. At that rate. • good field
hands’ must be rather slow of sale tor cotton
planting at $11)00 each, or even $700.'
Mr. Claussen’s process, it is said, requires
but three hours for its completion It takes
the flax as it comes from ths field, only some
what drier, and with the seed beaten off. and
renders k thoroughly fit for breaking. The
plant is allowed tor-pen bsfore it is harvested,
•» that du- seed is all saved, while the tedious
»«<• and injury to the fibre, no’ to speak of
the nnwhoiesomeness of tbe old-fashioned
ro. ng processes, a-e entirely obviated— i
?■** '* desirable in the fabrics con- <
LI?.. ' ,t : ple •" “ Ue 10 "00l i
?ow Ar.l dled red biu «- »«'• '
low, Ac. are eabunte to show bow readilv ■
and eatistactonly the flax co. toa takes anv coin !
that tnsy b. desired Bas.des these !„ k.J t .
flannels, feltings, and almost sverv vanetv .
plain textures. fabricated wholly' cr ia go-.
Srt f. om flax as prepared for spinning I
r. Claussen's patent, proving the adaptaUoi
of this fibre to alm. st every use now ssbserve
by either cotton or wool. Tbe mixtures o ,
eotton and flax, flax-cotton and wool, are ex
eoilent and serviceable fabrics
~T Swcicwrut —The Cologne
“ from Constantinople,
jsted the Ickh akiiuo: r
“ The new French Ambassador. M. de :
fck , ? l ’| ,h "xA k 1 sud: *‘>« of the t
Saltan, at which he deusered tus l 6 nere of I
eredenco. and presented me person. attached a
to the embassy. He is particularly charged '
by the Republic to urge the rights of the Catho
lic Christians over the Holy Sepulchre against
the Greek Christians, and to this effect he pre
sented to His Highness two autograph le’ters,
couched in tha most energetic terms, from the
President and from the Pope. M de Titow,
the Russian Ambassador, has delivered to the
Ottoman Porte a memoran ium, which very
much resembles a formal protest, in which he
adds the following reasons to those which have
been already advanced in favor of the rights
of Russia over the Sepulchres ;
“1. About fifty years since a quarrel broke
outbe'weea the Greeks and Armenians on the
subject of the Holy Sep Ichre. A commis
sion. formed of three ulemas, two Greek, and
two Armenian bishops, terminated the quarrel,
by deciding that it belonged to the Greeks.
There were then at Constantinople a French
ambassador, Catholic bishop?, and a legate of
tho Pope ; but no objection was raised by
them. 2. Some years since, after the burning
ol the temple, the Greeks and Russians made
collections for its reconstruction. It was
done, and no Catholic power protested or pre
tended that ?he Greeks had built on ground
that did not belong to them. 3. France pre
tends that the Holy Sepulchre was taken from
the Turks by the Crusaders and incorporated
by treaties wi h Catholic Christianity. The
Holy Sepulchre had, however, belonged to the
Greeks before the Turks and Moors had
session of it. M. de Lavalette is also charged
to treat on he subject of Abdel Kader
Massacre at Florence. —Letters from
Florence of May 29th give us the details of
an unfortunate occurrence which took place
on that day in the Church of Santa Croce.
Yon are aw are that on the same day in the
year 1848 the Tuscan auxiliaries of the Pied
montese army, who formed -he extreme right
of the line, and who were completely isolated
at Montanara and Curtatone, were defeated,
or rather cut to pieces, by Field Marshal
Radetsky, who came out from Mantua with
an overwhelming force, and then commenced
the series of manoeuvres by which he ultimate
ly succeeded in compelling Charles Albert to
retreat on Milan. The Tuscan contingents
fought with great valor, and, had the numbers
engaged been equal, the Austrians would
probably have had the woist of the affair, but
the Imperial General a’lacked with heavy
masses, and the Italians, after a noble resis
tance, fled to Bresica.
As is the custom in many parts of the Pen
in»ula, this defeat has been since celebrated as
a victory, and a great festival has been*held on
its anniversary a* Florence, in which strong
popular demonstrations have been permitted,
and the feeling of the crowd allowed to ex
haust itself in processions and noise of every
kind. This year, however, the Tuscan Gov
ernment refused to sanction the annual com
memoration and the public resorted to the
only expedient that could be inveated, name
iy, the meeting in the church at a given hour,
and assisting at a funeral mass offered up for
the repose of the souls of the persons who
perished at Curiatone. Handbills secretly
issued, announced the intended meeting, and
as the numbers who crowded to the Santa
Croce were considerable, the Grand Ducal au
thorities thought proper to pl ce a bod} of
armed policemen within the church, whilst the
Austrians posted troops in the vicinity, pre
pared to act in case a tumult took place.
The usual church service proceeded in
good order, but when it was concluded, a
young man placed a chaplet of flowers on the
Curtatone monument, whilst another, said to
be employed by the police, rushed forward
and pulled it down. A conflict took place,
which ended by one of the men stabbing his
opponent, and then the people rushed on the
person who removed the garland, whilst the
poiice came forward to protect him. In this
way a regular battle was raised between the
crowd and the gendarmes, which ended by the
latter firing 12 shots, killing 2 and wounding
8 or 10 of the people.
To make matters worse, the Austrian troops
fearing that a conspiracy had been organized,
.'nd imagining that the populace in the church
had concealed arms about them, closed the
doors, and allowed no one to come out or to
go in- It was only when the police from
within explained the true stale of affairs, that
exit was permitted and the wounded conveyed
to the nearest hospital. The city of Florence
was greatly agitated in consequence of this
unfortunate event, and so strongly marked
was public opinion on the subject, that on the
following day (Ascension Thursday.) when all
the world flock to the Calcine, or Hyde park
of Florence, not a single carriage or promena
der appeared and that annual fete was for the
first time, abandoned — London Timet.
Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and St. Louiw
Railroad. —The several companies engaged
in ihe construction of this great line, reaching
from Philadelphia to St. Lun fa, 974 miles,
across the States of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Li
liana, and Illinois, to Si. Louis, are progress
ing with their •averal links with great energy.
The first section, from Philadelphia to Harris*
burgh, 100 miles, baa been in eucceatful opera
tion for several years; the second section of
255 miles, from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh, is
in operation to Johnstown, and will be com
pleted next seasen; the third section, from
Pittsburgh, 180 miles, west, will be in opera
tion this season, 131 miles to Wooster, and be
completed to Cresline at the crossing of the
Cleaveland and Cincinnati road next year;
the fourth section of 120 miles from Creatine,
west to Union, at the State line crossing the
Sandusky road at Bellefontaine, and the
Miami Crnal at La u ramie, is progressing to
completion with much energy, and will pro
bably ie in operation, in all next year; the
fifth section, from Union to Indianapolis, 63
miles is completed and being run 36 rmles,
and the balance of the section will be com
pleted, in all next season; the sixth section of
70 miles from Indianapolis to Terre Haute is
now being la d with iron, to be completed this
year ; the seventh section from Terre Haute
to HlinoLtown, 16 > miles, hat; been located,
and is to be prosecuted without unnecessary
delay. When this great through line shall be
constructed, the time from St. Louis m Indian
apolis will be about 10 hours, to Pittsburgh 24
hours, tn Philadelphia 34 hours, and to New
York 38 hours.
Additional Treaties with California
Indians —Several day a since we annouced that
Measrs. McKee, Barbour, and Woeencraft,
the United States Indian Commissioners in
Cali'ornia. had concluded a treaty with the
Siyanti, Potojante. Coconoon, Apangasso,
Apaiache, and A waifache tribes of Indians, on
the Maripoosa river. We now have the grati
fication to state that despatches have recently
been received at the Indian bureau, from these
commissioners, sta’ing that they have conclu
ded, on the Frenao r ver, a treaty with sixteen
additional tribes, namely —The How-ec!.*es r
Chook-chan ces, Chow-chill ies, Po-ho-neecti
es, Nook-choos, Pitcaches, Cassoea, Toom
nas, Tal-iin-ches, Pos ke sat, Wa-cha-hete,
I-tewch-ces, Cho-e nun-nees, Cho-k -menas,
No to-no-tos, We mae-ches.
These are mountain Indians. Twenty-one
tribes have been treated with, and happily
settled in a hide short of three months—a re
sult highly creditable to the gentlemen entrus
ted with this important and delicate business.
In speaking of these two treaties, the com
missioners express the opinion that they have
broken the confidence of the hostile tribes
in their ability to contend with the whiles, and
trud that they will end the war, and bring
about a general pacification with t e whole
frontier ; and such fa the belief of the oldest
settlers iu tha* country.- Washington Republic.
Nkw Motivx Powss.—Having noticed an
article in one of the daily papers of Friday last,
in reference to a newly discovered motive
power tba. is likely to supersede the use of
steam, in which the discription betrayed so
complete an ignorance of the scientific prin
ciples involved in the invention that, injustice
to the inventors and their splendid discovery I
feel constrained to as the I berty of giving a
conctsa 1,. /el ear statein, of what is claimed
ss the result of exnariuieme made up to this
time, c far a< th ; invention is conc-rrtted.
Attr’ , slergthencd senes ot erperimettts, dur
in period or more than eight years, origina
ting tn a suggest.on made on seeing a common
spinning too io motion, the inventors have
succeeded iu arrauging an engine so as to
secure the fu 1 ! effective action of atmospheric
pressure to any extent as a motor, without
exhaustion, in connexion with centrifugal
force. In the article referred to quicksilver is
spoken of as being the moving power or cause,
which would be about as rational as to say the
paddle wheels of a steamboat propelled the
engine.
1 shall only presume upon asking the liberty,
through your columns, of in some measure
setting me matter in its true light before the
public, whowill in a short time be enabled to
see ano judge for themselves of the value
ot this discovery. I have in connexion with
some of our most seten-ific mathematicians
and mechanics, through the politeness of the
inventors, had the privilege of examining their
diagrams and calculations, and have no hesi
tation in saying that a complete demonstration
attends every step of their progress in this very
simple and most perlec: invention Instead of
trying to cheat leverage and gravity, they
combine gravity or pressure and centrifugal
force, iu the same manner as they act in nature
to produce rotation tn matter; recognising
both as independent and available principles
o 1 forces acting atrightangles with each other,
ill the ratio of the eq uare of their velocity; the
centrifugal force evolved from rotation
without taxing or any way retarding it, and is
used in this invention no. to produce motion,
but to perpetuate a vacuum which is bit the
measure of power, gravity or pressure being
the propelling power acting on quicksilver or
anv other liquid, the power of the vacuum be
ing equal to the pressure created, whatever that
may be. H. L. stcakt. 3(>o Broadway N. Y.
Disoovxby is Egypt.—A moat interesting
discovery has been made in Egypt. it is known
that there exists in Mount Rabarah, situated
on an island in the Red See, a mine of eme
ralds. which was formerly worked by the pa
chas of Egypt, but was abandoned in the last
years of the reign ot .Meheuiet All. An En
glish company have solicited and recently ob
tained authority to resume the working of this
mine, which is believed to be still rich with
precious stones. Mr. Allan, the engineer of
the company, whi'e directing some important
excavations in this plsce. has discovered at a
great depth traces of an ancient gallery, which
must evidently be referred to the most remote
antiqatiy. Upon removing the rubbish, thev
found tools and ancient utensils, and a scone
upo • which is engraved a hieroglyphic inscrip
bon now partially defaced. This cireumsiance
proves the truth of ihe opinion expressed by
Belzoni, on the strength oi other indications,
that this mine was worked tn ancient times.
The nature and form ot the implements dis
covered. and the configuration of the gallery.
>e plan of which baa been readily traced,
proves most eocdu-ively that the ai eient
were akihli. t r< I; «-cm,
•om exammmion of die ~ne which has been
mscovered. that the first labors in the mine of
Zabarrah were commence! in the reign of
tr.e Great,or Bcsesrrw. who.
according to the mou generally received opin
ion, kved about the year 1650 before Chris:.
an<j who is celebrated by his immense con*
quests, as well as by the innumerable monu
mente with which be covered Egypt.
A New kind or Hemp.— Attempts are now
making to introduce into France the culture
of a gigantic sort of Hemp, indigenous in
China, where it is raised in large quantities,and
is known under the name of Lo-Ma. Hither
to the French growers have not succeeded in
bringing it to sued, though the stalk and fibre
are produced by them in abundance. It re
quires a warm climate, and will not go to seed
where it is too cold to raise olives. In A'geria
it is hoped to raise it in perfection. Inorder
to produce the seed the plant must stand late
in the season, say eight months from th* time
of planting. In France they plant it about the
middle of April and the fibre is ripe by the
end of October, and is very long and beautiful;
the yield is twice as great as that of ordinary
hemp. It would be worth while for the agri
culturists of Kentucky and the Southern
States to look into .he value of this plant. We
see no reason why the fibre should not be
raised in abundance in Kentucky; the seed
would have to be produced still further South-
It stands fl ost well.
Ornamental Uricks. —A style oi ornamen
tal bricks has recently been introduced into
England, and patented by Messrs. Bowers,
Challimore aud Wooliscraft, of the Stafford
shire Potteries. These bricks, or rather they
are a kind of pottery ware, are made from a
mixture of clay and other ingredients, calcu
lated to vitrify with the clay. They can be
painted anil grained with tho utmost facility,
so as to imitate any kind of oak, rose, satin,
or other woods, or sculptures in stone, or be
glided without injuring the brilliancy of the
gold leaf. They may supply the place of wood
carving in architectural decoration and, from
their fire proof nature, add to the safety of the
buildings.
Some ornamental bricks were employed in
this city about ten years ago; now they came
to be disused wo cannot tell, they appear to us
well adapted to ornamental architec.ural pur
poses, both inside and out, such as for internal
aud external decorations of churches, public
buildings, mansions, houses and shops, cor
nices, mouldings, skirting boards, to match in
design any style of architecture, or the taste
of any private in 'ividual- — Scientific Amer.
A New Cork tor the Scurvy. —Assistant
Surgeon Perrin, of the U. S. Army, has writ
ten to the Surgeon General to announce tr.at
he has found the Agave Americana, an admira
ble remedy in scorbutic affections. The scur
vy had made, its appearancepl Fort Mclntosh,.
Texas, and, the supply of anti-scorbutics be
ing limited, the medical officer was induced to
inquire whether the citizens of the neighbor
ing town of Laredo, who, like the troops in
the garrison, were destitute of vegetables, had
suffered from this disease, and, if so, what do
mestic remedies they used. In prosecuting
these inquiries, he was induced to believe that
the Maguey, or Agave Americana, was the
most efficacious of these domestic remedies
and a trial of its effects was accordingly de
termined upon. The improvement in the
condition of the patients who were treated
with the Maguey over those who continued the
use of lime-juice and other anti-scorbutics was
dearly perceptible in a few days; and, after a
fair trial, the medical officer reported that he
felt compelled to place it far above that reme
dy which till now had stood above every other
—the lime juice. The juice of the Maguey
contains a large amount of vegetable and sac
charine matter, and of itself is sufficiently
nutritious to sustain a parent for days.
Depths or ths Ocean.—The Washington
Republic has the following interesting letter
from Captain Barron to commodore Warrington,
giving a line of deep sea soundings across the
Atlantic Ocean, the publication of which it pre
cedes with the following remarks:
These are physical problems of high import
which have commanded the attention and occu
pied the thoughts of the most eminent philoso
phers. In the discussion of these problems are
involved the ocean and its depths. By virtue of
an act of Congress authorizing the vessels of the
navy to co-operate with Lieutenant Maury in
procuring materials for hfa investigations into
the phenomena of the great deep, a circular let
ter has, with the sanction of the Secretary of
the Navy, been issued by the chief of the Bu
reau of Ordnance and Hydrography, requiring
the commanders of our public cruisers to get a
deep sea sounding whenever it is calm, in what
ever part of the ocean. Itjs remarkable that this
problem of deep sea soundings, which, above
all others, has most perplexed and bothered nav
igators, should as soon as taken up by the officers
of our navy, become in their hands one of the
most simple and easy of execution.
The difficulty heretofore was in getting a line
long enough, and in knowing when the plummet
had reached the bottom. Recourse had been
had by other navies to wire of great length and
tenuity, and the greatest depth ever known to
have been reached, before the subject was taken
up here, was the sounding, by an officer in the
English navy»4,6Go fathoms, which was by no
means satisfactory. Lieut. Walsh, in th* United
Stales schooner Taney, has reported a sounding
without bottom, more than a mile deeper than
this.
Instead of the clumsy and costly implements
used for sounding the depths of the ocean, our
vessels are simply supplied with twine, to which
they attach a weight, and when the weight ceas
es to sink they know it is on the bottom ; and
thus the depths of the ocean, in the deepest
parts, may, without trouble or inconvenience, be
ascertained in every calm of a few minutes con
tinuance. With this simple contrivance the
“Albany, n Captain Platt, has run a line of dee p
sea sounding across the Gulf of Mexico, from
Tampico to the Straits of Florida. The basin
which holds the waters of this Gulf has thus
been ascertained to be about a mile deep, and
the Gulf stream in the Florida Pass about 3,000
feet deep. In like manner the “John Adams,”
Captain Barron, has made a step in giving us the
shape of the great .Atlantic basin between the
.Capes of Virginia and the Island of Madeira,
showing it to be at least five miles and a half
deep.
Men of science will recognise in these results
some of the most interesting and valuable phy
sical discoveries of the day. They reflect the
highest credit upon our navy and those who
planned and set on foot these simple and beauti
ful arrangements, which have cleared away the
difficulties wHh which all have found themselves
beset who heretofore have undertaken to fathom
the sea at great depths.
U. S. Ship, John Adams,
Madeira, May 29, 1851.
Sir .—1 have the honor to report the follow
ing “deep sea soundings,” viz :
May 3. Latitude 33 deg. 50 min. north, lon
gitude 52 deg. 34 min. west, temperature of the
air 61 deg., water 65 deg., had a fair “up and
down” sound with (2,600) twenty six hundred
fathoms of line. Time of running out, 1 hour,
23 minutes, 10 seconds—one 32 pound shot on
the line.
May 9. Latitude 32 deg. 06 min., longitude
44 deg. 47 min. west; temperature of the air
66 deg., water 69 deg. Got bottom with (5,500)
five thousand five hundred fathoms of line out.
Time running out 2 hours, 44 minutes, 28 sec
onds. Drift of ship 3 miles. Lost two 32
pound shot and 5,500 fathoms of line.
May 10. Latitude 31 deg. 01 min. north, lon
gitude 4 1 deg. 31 min. west; temperature of the
air 63 deg., water 69 d e«. Got bottom with
(2,300) twenty-three hundred fathoms of line
out. Timeof running out 1 hour, 04 minutes,
35 seconds.
May 17. Peak of Pico, bearing north 18 deg.
east, distant twenty tour miles, found bottom
with (670) six hundred and seventy fathoms of
line. Time of r unning out 12 minutes, 04 sec
onds.
May Latitude 35 deg. 07 mine north, lon
gitude 25 deg. 43 min. west; temperature of the
air 65 deg , water 64 deg. (1,040) one thousand
and forty fathoms found bottom. Time of run
ning our 19 minutes, 58 seconds.
We have made frequent other casts, but in
consequence of the swell and motion and large
drift ot the ship, without any satisfactory re
sults.
I have the honor*to be, sir, very respectfully,
your obedient servant,
(Signed) S. Barron, Commander.
Commodore Lewis Warrington, Chief of Bureau
of Otdnance and Hydrography, Washington,
D. C.
Starch from Ricx—There in among oar
Stale archives a letter hook containing the
correspondence be’ween Charles Garth, Esq.,
agent of South Carolina at London, and a
‘•committee of correspondence” appointed by
each assembly of the Province. From a let.
ter of the agent of the year 1772, we learn ths
following particulars.'
William Prince, a citizen of London, it
appears had a monopoly for the manufacture
of starch, from wheat, which excited much riv
alry and opposition ou the part of the other
starch makers. In 1776’67, fearing from tho
high price of wheat that his profits might be
interfered with, or that the consumption of
wheat for starch making, might be prohib.ted
or restricted, he turned his attention to other
materials, and began experimenting on rice.
From his own statements made before a com
mittee of the house of Commons, in 1772, we
learn that he began to manufacture starch
from rice, in 1776—that he continued it for
several years with success, consuming 100 bar
rels or more, and that he only abandonedit
when wheat fell to such a price as to be more
profitable, his apparatus being especially
adapted o wheat. He tes'iiied that one quar
ter 448 lbs. ot wheat, yielded 200 lbs starch,
and that the same weight of rice yielded 336
lbs., stareh and that as wheat and rice then
stood tn prices, the manufactured article was
10 per cent cneaper with ri'e than with wheat.
—ColuinSna Ttltgrapk.
To MARK WaTXR COLD FOR SVMMKR—Let
the jar, pitcher, or vessel used for water be sur
rounded with one or more folds of coarse cot
ton, to be constantly wet. The evaporation
of the wa-er will carry off the heat from the
inside, and reduce it to a freezing point. In
India and other tropical regions, where ice can
not be procured, this is common.— Enchansa
Paper,
ice is produced by steam power at the Exhi
bition. The apparatus used is capabie of free
zing more than one hundred quarts of desert
ices (six different sorts are produced in one
machine) every quarter of an hour, of a per
fectly smooth quality. Cylinders of solid ice
are also produced, capabie ofholding decanters
of water, and many boules of wine.
Tub Sea i'iminishisg.—Lieat. Wm D.
Porter, of the Navy, has an interesting com
munication in the Intelligencer. in which he
undertakes to show that all the phenomena
of change in the ocean line of seacoast, and
appearance of the rocks above the water,
which have been observed and commented on
f’om time to time, are caused by a constant
diminution of the waters of tho ocean ; and
that a process is at all times going on by which
the substances held in solution in the ocean
waters are converted into solids.
The celebrated Geneva watches come out
great force at the London exhibition. There
are watches for ihe deaf an i blind—a watch
which runs with one winding 374 days; one
smaller than & four-penny piece, to hang in a
serpent brooch; one still smaller, in the top
of a gold pencil case, tells the hour, day of
wee-c and month.
Toe Arabia and Persia for the Cunard line
which wdi be ready in tne autumn, are to be
990 horse power.
The state of New York is the owner of the
Head Quarters of Washington a: Newburg—
having pureaased the building and an acre of
of ground some two years ago for 2,000,
ths wra
BY WILLIAM S. JONEF.
TWO DOLLARS PER. ANNUM, ,
INVARIABLY IH ADVANCE.
DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY * WEEKLY.
Ofltcein Railroad Bank Buildings.
DAILY PAPER.psrinnum (sentby mail,) •’ ?!
TRI-WEEKLY " 1„„
WEEKLY PAPER " *
AUGUSTA, GATT
WEDNESDAY MORNISO, ...JULY 3.
FOR GOVERNOR.
HON- HOWELL COBB
■■■■
TRAVELLING AGENTS.
Mr. J. E. Wells and Mr. A. P. Burnt, will ac
as Travelling Agents for the Chronicle &. Ssbti
nbl and Southsun Cultivator. Any assistance
that our friends in the various counties may furnish
the segentlemen, toward increasing our circu » ion,
will be thankfully received.
THE CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL
70R
THE CAMPAIGN.
As we are disposed to contribute all in our
power to the establishment of sound principles
in the success of “The Conbtitutiomal Union
Party,” we propose to send the
WEEKLY CHRONICLE & SENTINEL,
till the 15th of October, to CLUBS OF TEN
SUBSCRIBERS for FIVE DOLLARS a
Club. ly The Cash must always accompany
the order.
This will afford our friends throughout the
State an opportunity to place the paper in the
hands of thousands of voters, who would not
otherwise probably read a paper. And if they
estimate, as we do, the importance of the pre
sent canvass, they will promptly adopt the no-"
cessary measures to aid us in our effort to en
lighten the voters of Georgia as to 'he dangers
which threaten the Constitution and Union.
Mr. Cobb's Letter of Acceptance.
We have the pleasure,of laying before our
readers the letter of the Hen. Howell Cobb,
accepting the nomination for Governor, ten
dered him by the Convention of the Constitu
tional Union Party, to which wo invite their
attention, and ask a careful study of its contents.
It is a frank, manly and dignified production,
worthy of the man, the occasion, and the
State over whose destinies he is invited to
preside. He feels that the State may acquiesce
in the compromise without dishonor or degra
dation, and like a devoted patriot and true and
faithful friend of liberty, the Constitution and
the Union, he plants himself on the Georgia
platform—a platform laid down by the citizens
in convention, the'great and fundamental prin
ciples of which are contained in the following
resolutions adopted by that Convention:
Fourthly. Resolved, That the State of Georgii, io
the judgment of this Convention, will and ought to
resist, even (as a last resort.) to a disruption of every
<ie which binds her to the Union, any action of Con
gress, upon the subject of slavery in the District of
Columbia, or in places subject to the jurisdiction of
Congress, incompatible with the safety, the domestic
tranquility, the rights and the honor of the slave
holding States, or any act suppressing the slave trade
between elavebolding States, or any refusal to admit
as a State any territory hereafter applying, because
of the existence of slavery therein ; or any act pro
hibiting the introduction of slaves into the territories
of Utah and New Mexico; or any act repealing or
materially modifying the laws now in force for the
recovery of fugitive slaves.
Fifthly. Resolved, That it isorr deliberate opin
ion, that upon the faithful execution of the fugitive
slave lew, by the proper authorities, depends the
preservation of our much loved Union.
These resolutions clearly define the rights of
the people of Georgia under tha Constitution,
and their duty and determined purpose to main
tain those rights whenever assailed, even to a
disruption of the Government—and Mr. Cobb
cheerfully assumes the same position. He
cares not by what means those rights may be
protected, or by what name it may be called,
whether secession, revolution or anything else
He belongs not, therefore, to that valiant aud
chivalric class of politicians in Georgia, who,
while they affect to believe that the South is
“dishonored” and "degraded” hytheCompro
prise, yet counsel acquiesce in and submis
sion to the law.
Wesleyan Female College.
Wxare in receipt of the Catalogue of the
Wesleyan Female College, at Macon, Geor
gia, for 1850-^l, which indicates that the in
stitution is in a very flourishing condition.
There are 198 pupils, viz: Seniors 29, Ju
niors 39, Sophomores 51, First Clqps 34, Irre
gular. 14. and ia the Primary * *
Georgia can offer no higher evidence of her
rapid progress and advancement, than her
numerous colleges and high schools for the
education of her daughters afford: Wi'hout
knowing positi 'ely, we think we are rather
under than over the mark, in estiuiating that
there are now in Georgia eight hundred ofher
daughters receiving a Collegiate education—
a much greater number than tbe Collegesfar
the education of young men can boast.
Dewis’ Straw Cutter*
Wt take pleasure in calling the attention of
planters to the advertisement of Lewis* Straw
and Shuck Cutter in this paper. This is a new
machine, possessing the rarequality of being a
Southern invention; and afierseeing it operate,
we think we may safely commend it to the plan
ter as a very valuable implement, altogether su
perior, we think, to any we have se<tn> It is ea
eily worked, cuts rapidly, and tho operator's
fingers are less exposed to danger than in any
other machine we have observed.
Mr. Cobh's Appointments.
We find in the Journal Sq MftsengcT the fol
lowing appoitrments of Mr. Ccbb to address
the people, to which we cheerfully give plac*.
When these shall have been fulfilled, we shall
be pleased to greet him in this section of the
State; and should be glad, too, to see his oppo
nent meet him before the people:
Hawkinsville, on Tuesday, lai July.
Perry, on Thursday, 33 “
Lanier, on Saturday, sth “
Buena Vieta, on Monday 7th u
Columbus, on Wednesday, 9th
Lumpkin, an Friday, 11th “
Cuthbert, on Saturday, 12th “
Fort Gaines, on Monday, 14th “
Blakely, on Tuesday, 15th “
Bainbridge, on Thursday, 17th “
Thomasville, on Saturday, 19lh “
Newton, on Monday, 2fat
Albany, Tueiday, ..-••22d 4 ‘
Starkville, on Wednesday, 23d
Americus, on Thursday, 24th
Vienna, Docly county, Saturday, 26th
As these appointments render it certain that
Mr. Cobb has accepted the nomination, we
place him at oor mast.head, even in advance of
the receipt of his acceptance.
Georgia Brogan*.
\Va were quite pleased a few days since,
with a sample of very superior “ Russet Bro
gans,” shown us at th* store of Sxymour,
Asslsy <fc Co., which were manufactured in
Columbia county, by Isaac Ramsay, Esq.
These brogans, we think, are not. in r erior to
any offered in any market, and are superior
to the great mass of negro shoes manufactur
ed at the North for the Southern trade. Be
sides, they have the additional commendation
of being made in Georgia, by Georgia Negroes,
and of Georgia made leather, fi >ots in their
history, which should not ba overlooked by
our planters who are in pursuit of a superb
article ; and no man who consulti > economy—
the health of his Negroes, and bis own inter
est. should ever buy any other Itind of shoe
for h s negroes.
Wethank Mr. Ramsay for Itis enterprise
and energy in the noble work of building up
the South, thus vindicating; her institutions, and
•ontributing by this diversity of labor to ren
der her independent t and we are rejoiced to
laa-n that bis success thus far has equalled his
most sanguine expectations.
Planters of the South, you owe it to your
selves and tbe invitations of the South to
sustain every enterprise of this character
among you. A very stn-ail investment of capi
tal will enable you to malts every brogan that
is worn at the South, and millions of the finer
shoes and boots, both for ladies and gentlemen,
and you should not be -wanting either in the
energy or enterprise to accomplish the work.
A part from all considerations of interest, you
should do it in order to teach Massachusetts
and Lvnn. a useful lesson, and to admonish
them of the truth of tb e trite adage, that
••Cobblers had better stick io their awl and last.”
It is a reproach te you that you should be
dependent upon your enemies, and the ene
mies of your institutions, for the shoes which
vou and your Negroes wear. Relieve your
selves from this reproach if you would be Gee
men or independent.
Macaulay's charges against Wm. Penn have
be-n refuted by tbe discovery of some valua
ble documents relating to tbe life cf the Duke
ofM nmouih, by which it appears that it was
George and not William Penn who extorted
mouey for negotiating pardons for persons
condemned to death.
The wool crop of Michigan, this season,
will bring at ■ low estimation <700,G00
MAROrxCTORiNa Interests.— The Boston 1
Atlas, of Saturday, stales that the following
named manufacturing companies have ascer
tained their loaves during the past season to be
the sums put against their respective names—
making an aggregate loss of $246,000 by six
mills only out of the many now in operation
throughout the country:
Stark, 1055349,000
Atlantic, do 39,000
Appleton, do 50,000
Nashua, do 39,000
Jackson, do 22,000
Salmon Palls, do 49,000
Total,. 8246,000
The “Free Trade” Tariff of 1846 is work
ing thia mischief to our home industry, while
millions of our money are being sent to Eu
rope to pay for manufactures that might and
ought to be made by our people.— Bast. Amer.
That this is the immediate effect of the work
ings of the Tariff, no intelligent mind doubts
or questions. Yet the people of New Eng- ■
land, especially of Maesachusets, are invoking
the South to protect their labor and capital by
the aid of a Tariff, while they consider them
selves privileged to assail tho citizens of four
teen Slates of the Union, and by every possi
ble means seek to destroy or impair the value
of fifteen hundred millions of their ptoperty.
They must learn to protect the property and
rights of the Southern people before they can
hope for any aid from them to protect the
manufacturing interests of New England,
Pennsylvania and New York, in the enactment
of a Tariff for that purpose.
On this question, eapecia'ly in the manufac
ture of Cotton goods, the South is most for
tunately situated. Her great staple and her
manufactories are in close proximity, and the
latter rapidly increasing in number and power,
even under the workings of the present
tariff. She therefore wants no more protec
tion than it gives her against the manufactures
of Great Britain, while her favorable posi
tion protects her against tho competition of the
North. She will therefore be slow to con
tribute any aid in the shape of votes to protect
their capital and labor, while the people of
JSttF England and the North manifest so little
rJfcd for th*-rights and property of Southern
citizens.
Let them first learn what ie due to others,
and they may with tome hope of success ap
peal to the South to redress their own griev
ances. But until they learn this, their prospect
is indeed giootny, if the modification of the
tariff is the only remedy that can afford them
relief from the evils of which they complain.
The sooner, therefore, they learn this the
sooner they may expect rslif. And if the
press of the North ie true to the interests of its
section and the whole Union, they will prompt
ly admonish the people of the only conditio 11
ttDon which they may anticipate aid—of the
firm resolve and unalterable determination of
the South, to give them the full benefits of the
present tariff, be the consequences what they
may, so long as they disregard the rights of the
South and assail the property of her people.
Growth and Maturity of Cotton.
Ths Savannah Republican contains the fol
lowing communication from a planter in Jef
ferson county, in reference to the growth and
maturity of citton, which presents some new
features to us. Without knowing positively,
we have always supposed that the time re
quired to mature the fruit was generally as
stated, but we have also thought, and we know
that to be the opinion of many intelligent, ob
servant planters, that at some periods of the
season, in the autumnal months for instance, it
matured mote rapidly than in the earlier part
of the season. This opinion, however, seems to
be erroneous, according U> the observations of
‘Jefferson,’ who, the Republican says ‘ has made
the growth of the cotton plant his study for the
last thirteen years, and we are assured that the
facts which he furnishes may be relied upon,
for they have been arrived at by repeated per"
soual experiments. For example, ne has tested
the time from lhe form to the bloom, and from
the bloom to the Cotton, by attaching strips of
paper to the stalks with the day of the month
marked on them, and watching them daily.
Jefferson Co., Ga., June 18.
You, Mr. Editor, and I, received our educational
u school where we were never permitted to take bare
assertion as proof of any fact, but were taught that
certain rules governed every thing, and (all things
being the same) that these rules never varied —that
as certain saws governed the revolution of tae earth
and the planets around the sun, so also, other laws
govern the growth and yield of fruits and plants.
If this be true, is cotton an exception 3 If not, why
do wt see in every paper we read, published at tbe
South, such contradictory accounts of the plant from
the same sections of country ? It is from ignorance
in those of us who plant cotton, and because we have
never examined and found oit the lawi that do go
vern the growth of this weed.
If these laws were properly understood, these con
tradictory reports would never be seen. Knowing
certain things we might reasonably calculate the un
known. There is one fact known in regard to cotton
and admitted by all to govern the amount of t e crop.
This fact is early blooming —and here a vexy natur
al Qilklio’* aflise*.- can anything be done to remove
* 1 co hie plnnt by * late blooming ica-
answer, nothing; for the maturing of cot
tonTfcthing of time, and all the manures in the
not alter it one single day. 1 assert, that
from tbe first appearance of a square or form to the
bloom, twenty-aix days must elapse, and from the
bloom to matured cotton, or open boll, that thirty
two days are necessary, and no kind of weather or
cultivation will alter this fixed time. From this you
see, if your cotton is late in tbe spring, all you can
do will not make up for the time it has lost, for with
cotton tbe old adage is strictly true, “ Time once lost
can never be regained.”
“ Now app’y what is said above to the present
crop, and what are the facts. Last year tbe cotton
crop was in full bloom, (my farm book tells me) on
the *0tl» of June ; this year, cotton will net be in
, bloom before the Ist cf July no where in Middle
Georgia. I say so, because I have seen the crops
in Washington, Warren, Richmond, Hancock and
Jefferson, and I am honest in the assertion, that I
have seen no field, ths cotton in which would average
eight inches in height to the stuck. And though
’ns nonsensical to pretend at this time to predict what
the crop will be, all who do not wish to see their
names in the papers as having had a cotton bloom,
will agree with me that cotton never before at this
season gave promise of so poor a yield. Yei in this
State, should the weather be favorable and Cost re
main off later than usual, we shall make average
crops of cotton. In Alabama where the boll worm
and tbe caterpillar commence on cotton about the
Ist of September, and destroy all bolls that are not
hard by that time, the crop can nt this time be esti
mated—and the first bloom I have seen mentioned
in the Alabama papers, was the lith of June, leav
ing only fifty days till the bell worm commences its
ravages—and the first blooms in Mississippi an I
Louisiana, were «een the 6th of June, leaving only
fifty-five days before the worm makes its visit io
those States.
The blooming season is very late for those States, the
average usual <ima being on ihe 20’h of June. From
these atatoixents, I agree with your correspondent of
Belair, Fla., “that the crop of 1851 will prove as
great a failure as has been known for several years
past.” Jbfferson.
Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad. —
The following extracl of a private letter from
Col. Stevenson, the President of this road, is
published in the Charleston Courier.
Nashville, June 26.
“We began regular business thia morning, and I
saw two fully loaded traios start out with a* nary
passenger* as the cars could carry, and more freight.
You may judge hew proud I felt. AU goes on well
and proepeiousiy. T winy -two miles done.”
We find in the Nashville Banner the follow
ing notice of the excursion to the celebration
at Murfreesboro* on the 4th insL, which quite
amused us. The guaranty against “/osl
running, ” forcibly reminded us ot an anxious
mother pursuading her child to take medicine,
or a doc’.or his patient to have his tooth ex
tracted. A little familiarity with railroads,
however, and our Nashville friends will re
quire no such guaranties against M fast run.
ning, 9 *
“We are informed that the Railroad Company
have made arrangements to accommudate all who
may wiab to a’tend the Celebration at Murfreesboro,
however numerous they may te. Seats will be p:o
--vided far all. We are also informed thet suitable
measures will be t ken to ensure the safety and com
fort of the passengers ; there will be no "fast run
and tue whole affair will be placet! under the
general direction of responsible men whose duty it
will be to use -ivery precaution to avoid danger or
accident.”
We cordially congratulate Col. Stxvxscox
and the good people of Tennessee, upon the
rapid strides they are making in the great work
of progress.
Small Pox.
Wx are gratified in laying before our coun
try readers’.be following very satisfactory re
port of tbe chairman of the Health Committee,
at it may serve to allay tbe fears of many who
have been imposed upon by the exaggerated
stories in relation to the prevaler.ee of Small
Pox in the city.
Aactrevx, June 30th, ISSI.
Ma. Editor : —lt is with pleasure that I can an
nounce to tbe public, that there is not a case of
Small Pox in the city or vicinity.
Respectfully Yours, Wm. E. Pslsiso.
Chairman Beard of Health.
The Asnxonean. the Jewish paper published
at New York, states that “ there are at present
in the State Prison, at Sing Sing, seven hun
dred and ninety odd prisoners, of every creed
and col -r. save and except the Jewish, and not
one person cf the Jewish faith or descent is
among tbe number.” This :s a fact most credi
table to that extraordinary people.
Cossxcrici'T SxxaToa Aearx.—Having re
considered its vote of indefinite postponement
of tbe subject, the Legislature of Connecticut
was again occupied Friday in balloting fora
United States Senator. Three more ineffec
tual ballots were taken, M>. Baldwin leading
Governor Seymonn bnt falling four votes
short of ati election.
Tbe Editor of a newspaper out towards
Lake Champlain, ha? discovered away of
keeping eggs from spoiling. His method is to
eat them while they are jreth
A system of banking is discovered to have
prevailed iu Babylon at least seven or eight
hundred years before the Christum era.
The Union denounces the Pennsylvania Whig
convention, and calls upon the Administration pa
pers to let the people know whether they favor Gov.
Johnston’s re-election.— Washington 'telegraphic
Dispatch..
As between the two candidates for Gover
nor, Bigler and Johwson, in Pennsylvania,
unless they have changed their views, the
South can feel little if any interest in the suc
cess of either. They are both Freesoilers.
Bigler, the Democratic candidate, while a
member of the Legislature, voted for the law
of that State, prohibiting the use of the jails
for the detention of fugitive Slaves, and he
also voted for resolutions against the extension
of Slavery into aey Territory acquired from
Mexico.
These two votes placed him upon the
Freesoil platform, beyond a doubt, and Johm
, son, the nominee of the Whigs, is in the same
i category. He is the present Governor, and
' vetoed the act of the last Legislature, repeal-
I ing the act refusing the use of the jails to the
government for the detention and security of
fugitive slaves. The only difference therefore,
is, that Johnston’s official act sustaining free
soilismisof more recent date than Bigler’s,
and we think the Union will accomplish little
in aid of the cause as conservatism, which it so
earnestly affects, by attempting todraw a distinc
tion between them.
For our part, as at present advised, we are
wholly indifferent as to the success of either,
for the South has nothing to expect from either,
unless they renounce their freesoilism, of
which there is little probability, so long as the
Freesoil and abolition support is to be obtain
ed by their support of the principles of that
party.
These facts, the Union owes it to the cause
of tru’h, its own character and the South to
state fairly and candidly to the public, other
wise it may justly render itself obnoxious to
the charge of attempting to deceive and betray
the South, to advance the cause of a parly, to
whose desperate and disjointed fortunes it
clings with a zeal and energy worthy a better
cause.
The President in llichmonil,
The President and his suite srrired at Richmond
between 8 end 9 o’clock on Thursday night, and
was received al the steamboat landing with great
cordiality by the Mayor of the city, the military
coil panics, and a large concourse of citizens, who
formed a precession and conducted the Presidential
cortege to the Powhatin House. In consequence of
a heavy rain the ceremony of formally welcoming
the President was postponed till the following morn
ing, when it was appointed to take place in front of
the State Capitol.
At the Capitol be was welcomed in a very
neat anda ppropriate address by W. 11. Mc-
Farland, Esq , to which, the President replied
in a brief but eloquent speech. Thence he
was conducted into the Chamber occupied by
the Cunstitutianal Convention in session, the
President of which, addressed him, welcom
ing him to Virgins, to which, the President
briefly responded. The Convention then
Uok a recess, and the members generally were
introduced to Mr. Fillmore by the President
of the Convention. Thi> being over, the
President was to meet the people at the City
Hall, and partake of a collation. He had been
tendered a public dinner, te take place in the
evening, which he declined
Mr, Cobb and the Constitutionalist,
The editor of the above named paper has
frequently written of Mr. Cobb's opinions
relative to the course the General Govern
ment should pursue, if South Carolina seceded,
and in his paper of the 29th inst. puts opposi
tion to Mr. Cobb, upon the distinct ground
that “he has declared his willingness to have
force used, in such a contingency, to coerce
South Carolina back into the Union.”
The editor has written knowingly or hurried
ly,—that is, has the authority for what he says,
or has made a email mistake. I for one do not
be'ieve that Mr. Cobb has ever uttered or
written such a entiment. I feel very sure he
never did. Now, Mr. Gardner, wdl you ex
amine the authorities, and tell us, if you can,
when, where and to whom, Mr. Cobb “ex
pressed a willingness to have force wed."
Elbert.
Jenny Lind.—The last concert in Boston of
the songstress took place on Thursday evening.
Respecting her future movements the Courier
says—
She will sing at Lowell on Tuesday, and at
Springfield on the Thursday following. She
then purposes giving a few concerts in West
ern New York, and after that she will proceed
to Saratoga Springs, where she will probably
remain some weeks. She will not appear in
Oratt rio in Boston.
The People of Ohio have, by a large ma
jority, dec ded to accept the new Constitution
lately prepared for them by a Convention
elected forthat purpose. The following sec
tion, which wae_submitted to a separate vote,
has been strongly supported, if not adopted:
“No license to truffle in intoxicating liquors sbal
hereafter be granted in this State, but the General
Assembly may, by law, provide against evils result
ing therefrom.”
Tub Crops—The Red River Republican of
the 21st uit says :
The rains on Blh and 9th inst., brought up
a goo deal of the cotton that was planted in
overflowed lends immediately after the water
left them, and that has remained in the ground
ever since. It looks well, but it is of course
doubtful whether it will make anything.
More than half of the cotton crop of the parish
was planted late, and should the worms ap
pear early the most of it will not make seed ;
while on the other hand, if the season proves
favorable, and we have a late fall, it may yet
turn out well. The part of the cotton crop
that was planted early, though it is not large,
is pretty good and will yield a fair crop,
barring the thousand and one vicissitudes that
it is heir to
The sugar crops have improved a great deal
since the rain, but hey are not as good gene
rally speaking as they were, at this time last
year. The crop is poor.
The New Costume.—A Naw York letter
says—
A meeting of ladies in favor of tho new
costume was held on Saturday afternoon, at
Hope Chapel, and was well attended. Mrs.
M. 8. Gove Nichols war chosen President;
Miss Sarah Townsend, Secretary; Mrs. Tor
bet and Mrs. Ha'leck, Committee on Resolu
tions, Mrs. Post and Miss Purdy, Commit
tee on Finance. A series of revolutions de
nouncing the present fashion and recommend
ing the new one, which they call neither
“Turkish nor Persian, bnt American,” was
reported and passed by an almost unanimous
majority, only seven ladies voting in the nega
tive. Some of the officers of the meeting were
dressed in (he now costume. It is said that a
number of ladies intend to appear in Broad
way in the new costume during the coming
week.
A meeting of those in favor of the new fe
male costume was held at Lowell, Mass , on
the 19th instant.
About two hundred persons were present,
two thirds of whom were ladies. Mrs Sum
ner presided, and Miss Sears was chosen
Secretary. It was voted to join the Fourth of
July precession in Bloomer Costume.
The Cincinnati Chronicle of Saturday has
the following paragraph:
A “Bloomer" Pic-Nic.— On the Fourth of
July next a Pic Nic is to come off about three
miles above Milford, on the Little Miami Rail
road, at which the ladies are all to be dressed
in the new American Costume.
Enlargino tbi Capitol.—The National
Intelligencer of Tuesday says:
Tha workmen broke ground yesierdsy in the space
of ground immediately fronting the South Wing of
the Capitol, for laying the foundation of the building
for the proposed extension of the Capitol, the corner
stone of which, as our readers are aware, is to be laid
on Hie approaching National Anniversary, (the 4th
of next month.)
Electric Telegraph is India—An electric
te'egraph is now in operation from Diamond
Harbor, (India) to Calcutta. The coating of
tho wires is a compound of one fourth rosin
with three-fourths fine sand, boiled together.
As soon as it cools, it is as hard as a stone. A
writer in the Friend of India says: “It is ad
mirably adapted for roofs. We have exposed
it on a piece of wood for three days to the
burning blstering sun of April, and have
buried it in waterfortwo days together, with
out th slightest deterioration of its consisten
cy.”
Dkath of a Ba.wkkr.—The New York
Mirror announces the death of Benjamin
Burgoyne, of theex.ensive Banking house of
Burgoyne &. Co., San Francisco. Mr. Bur
goyne was a native of this city, and a young
man of brilliant promise. He went early to
the land of gold, where be had accumulated
a fortune. Over exerting himself at the late
fire, he was attacked with dysentery and died
in a few days.
From The River Plata—Recent authen
tic advices state that General Orchisa, Govern
or of the province of Entrerios, together with
the Governor of Corrientes, have pronounced
against Rosas, who, with the nominal title of
Governor of Buenos Ayres, h e long been the
virtual Dictator of the Argentine Republic.
President Lopes, of Paraguay, which country
Rosas still claims as a constituent portion of the
confederacy, is said to have united his forces
with those of the other provinces, with the in
tention of effecting the overthrow of Rosas.
The leaders of the allied army have demanded
of Rosas the fulfillment of a treaty or guaranty
by hich Rosas, ajaie yearn since, agreed that
when the revolt in Corrientes was suppressed,
he would resign the dictatorial power, which,
owing to the exigencies of the times, had been
conferred upon him, and allow the govern
ment of the Republic to be administered by a
Commission.
The coun’ry is in a fearful condition, and
we may soon expect to hear of sanguinary
caufli.-K whici will change the aspect of af
fairs in LaPtata The press is in
Buenos Ayres, and papers to the 16:h of
April from that city report a? usual everything
quiet in the Republic. It is chiefly from pri
vate letters and Brazilian papers that we ob
tain our information.
For the Chronicle 4* Sentinel. 1
Monroe County, June 24, 1851.
Dr. Jones : —As a general thing, the crops of this
county may very properly be classed under the head
of “ sorry.” Corn will hardly afford more than half
an average yield; and the farmers will esteem them
selves lucky if they can save enough oats for their
own consumption, and for seed. As to eotton, one is
hardly safe in venturing an opinion upon its prospects;
it is, at best, a very uncertain crop, not unfrcquently
disappointing the prognostications of the most expe
rienced observer. Occasionally you find in this
county, a field of cotton which promises an average
yield, but I would not like to stake my reputation as
a prophet upon such being the general result. In
many places I have noti. ed cotton that was not ten
inches high bearing blooms—certainly not a very
flattering indication. For several days past we have
had showers of rain, very unequally distributed,
however, as may be illustrated even in adjoining
farms, the one being well inoistuned, while the other
remains comparatively dry. In short, from present
indication?, the farmer will scarcely need to be ad
monished of the necessity of a rigid economy a« a
protection from the evils of a short crop.
Your politicians of the city and village would be
somewhat mortified, could they appreciate the indif
ference manifested by the mass of the country peo
ple for all political excitement. Their ardor for
manufacturing ‘•grievances’* would be somewhat
dampened from lack of sympathy, and their noisy
vociferations of devotion to “Southern Rights,’’
would grow “small by degrees, and beautifully
less,” upon a more intimate acquaintance with people
possessing intelligence tc understand, and resolution
to maintain, their own rights, it is a question wheth
er political demagogues are not deceiving themselves
while striving to deceive others —whether they are
not becoming entangle 1 in the meshes of a net of
their own weaving. Certu’n it is, they un
der-estimate the intelligence of the people, it' they
suppose them incapable of appreciating the beauties
of that consistency which first seeks to establish an
“oppression,” tnakts paper res ilut on< to ‘ itsist it
at every hazard, and to the last extremity,” ami fi
nally out Herods Herod himself, oy professing an ac
quiescence in mea-ures ot the General Government,
which Charles J. McDonald declared would
bring ruin upon the South ! Yes, the sieat head of
the late Nashville Secession Convention averted that
the admission of California as a State into the Union,
in any other way than the one pointed oct by him
self and his compatriots, would ruin the South; ami
if he did not, in so many word®, counsel res stance
to the measure, his language was such as to leave no
doubt on the mind of the reader of his intention to
be so understood. Well, tbis “ruin of the Sorth,”
according to Judge McDonald, having been con
summated, what does he now propose to do? With
this great wrong staring h in in the face, what does
he, the standard bearer <f the “Resistance” party
of Georgia, design to offer in defence of “Southern
Rights?” I have it not now before me, but I very
well recollect that his addrers, upon aking his seat
as President of the. Nashville Convention, was un
derstood by the Charleston Mercury, among ethers,
to counsel and ,ie was claimed by that pa
j»er as a secessionist Is he so? It is possible. In
deed it is probable ; for while he ingeniously avoids
a direct committal in his late letter of acceptance, he
no where denies his adhesion to the doctrine of se
cession ; but, on the contrary, asserts the right of a
State so to do whenever she may deem it expedient.
And here the reflection obtrudes itself, why he should
labor to establish a ri«ht, if he does not contemplate
its exercise? But Judge McDonald professes to
consider the action of the late Georgia Convention
as expressing the will of her citizens; and while be
reluctantly acknowledges hfo obligation to respect
that will, he sti’l refuses to am-puhe platform estab
lish ?d in accordance therewith.
The truth is, Charles J. McDonald belongs to
that school of Nashville Conventionis's who go in for
a “ Southern ‘ onfedcracy,” Lui he is too experienc
e 1 and wily a politician to avow himself such in the
face of an overwhelming Union majority. Jus', at
present, he is nothing in particu’ar b .t a most obse
quious people? 8 man! The standard bearer of a
“nameless’’ party, he is to be the conservator of a
nameless policy. As was said by a disuuionist pre
vious to the last election —he goes for election first i
and secession afterwards! But as I have before
said, Judge McDonald much underrates the intel
ligence of the farmers of Monroe, if he thtnks them
I kely to esteem ths secessionist of yesterday, a
Union man to day. Like the Legislature ol Mis
souri, they will have no partin his schemes.
Respectfully, yours, Union.
Union Meeting In Oglethorpe.
A portion of the members of the Constitutional
Union party of Oglethorpe county, met in the Court
House this day, when, open motion, Colonel B. F.
Hardeman was called to the Chair, and Thos. B.
Moss requested to act as Secretary.
The object of the meeting being explained by Jos.
H. Lumpkin, jr., on motion, tbe Chair appointed Jos.
H. Lumpkin, jr., Col. 11. W. Hubbard, 8. R. Max
well, Mill Smith and Jno. F. Zuber, a committee io
report to the meeting the names of suitable per-ons
to represent the county in the Congressional Conran j
tion to bo held in Sparta on the first Monday in Au
gust next.
Tbe committee, after having retired, reported the
names of S, It. Maxwell, William Wynne, Franklin
C. Campbell and R. S. Taylor, which was unani
mously agreed to.
On motion of Jos, H. Lumpkin, jr.,
Resolved, That we deeply regret tbe late illness
of the Hon. A. H. Stephens, and trust that he may
speedily recover and long live to serve bis country
in her times of trial.
It was ordered that the proceedings of lira meeting
be published in tbe Southern Recorder an 1 Chronicle
& Sentinel.
The meeting then adiourned.
B. F. Hardiman, President.
Thos. B. Moss, Sec’y.
Educational Meeting lu Oglethorpe.
Lexington, June 23, 1851.
At the State Agricultural Fair held in Atlan
ta last August, a committee consisting of Mes
srs. T. F. Scott, A. Church, J. A. Nisbet, B. F.
Snider and S. Fouche, was appointed to call a
convention to take into consideration the state
of education in Georgia, and the means of its
improvement. These gentlemen have designated
Marietta, Cobb county, as the place, and the Bth
of July next as the time for holding the Conven
tion. A portion of the people of this county,
in answer to the call, convened in this place to
day. The meetihjf was Arganized by Gov.
Gilmore being called co the chair, and F. L. Up
son being requested to act as Secretary. On mo
tion of Joel Billups, Gov. Gilmote stated that
the object of the meeting was to appoint dele
gates to represent the county in the Convention
at Marietta. That the convention would en
quire as to the best series of elementary books
for the use of common schools.
The best steps to secure a higher grada of tal
ents, and acquirements in teachers than we now
have, how to increase ihe funds for the educa
tion of the children of (he county, and secure
their faithful and efficient application. The
Governor then closed by some remarks of an
interesting and instructive character on the gen
eral subject of e htcation.
Joel Billups, Esq., then presented the follow
ingresolution :
Resulted, That we cordially approve of the
proposed convention to be held at Marietta on
the eighth of July next, for the purpose of de
liberating on the establishment of a system of
common schools in the State of Georgia, and
that a committee of five bo appointed by the
chair to report the names of suitable delegates
to attend said convention.
The Committee reported the names of Gov.
Gilmore, B. F. Hardeman, F. L. Upson, Wm.
Jewel, Wm. J. Ogilvie, Dr. W. Willingham, Dr.
Glenn, Thos Moss, Dr. p. Hanson, Z. Clark,
J. H. Lumpkin, Dr. A. Bell, J. F. Piatt and the
Rev. Mr. Reed, as suitable persons.
On motion of G. F. Platt, the 4 Secretary was
directed to furnish the papers in Augusta with
the proceedings of this meeting, with a request
to publish the same if convenient.
G. R. GILMORE, Chairman
F. L. Upson, Secretary.
Commencement of the Madison Female
College.
Madison, Ga , June 27, 1851.
Notwithstanding the exceedingly hot day
and dusty weather, which has rendered every
thing so unpleasant for the last two months,a
large number of persons wore in attendance
on the commencement exercises of thia young
and nourishing institution.
The Commencement Sermon was preached
on Sunday, 221 inst., at the Methodist Church,
by Rev. James E. Evans, of Columbus, from
Ecclesiastes, 12:h chapter, Ist verse: “Re
member now thy Creator in the day’s of thy
youth, while the evil days comes not, nor the
fears draw nigh, when thou sbalt say, I have
no pleasure in them.”
On Tuesday and Wednesday, the d Iferent
classes were examined and gave every evi
dence that their instructions had been thorough.
Tne examinations were conducted with great
fairness throughout, and there was evidently
no preparation of certain portions of the lesson
expressly forexamination, as is sometimes the
case.
On Tuesday evening, the Junior Exhibition
came off, in <he following order :
A Well Balanced Mind— Miss Jane Robson, Mad
iron, Geo.
u Seek to do Good?’— Miss M. Fannin, Madison,
Geo.
The Earth a Scene of Pleasure and Improvement
Miss L. Swinney, Clarke Co , Geo.
Woman’s Sphere—Miss E. T. Moore, Oglethorpe
Co., Geo.
77ie World’s Pail— Miss Mildred O. West, Cedar
Town, Geo.
The I9lh Century—Miss Helen O. Jones, Wrights
boro’, Ge".
“ Oh, what a goodly outside falsehood hath" — Miss
Ann A. Kimbrough, Greene Co., Geo.
“ A faint heart never iron a fair lady 3 ’ — Miss Ann
E Johnson, Cave Soring, Geo.
“ Hoib dear the ties that bind our race together 1 * —
Miss L. Morgan, Madieon, Geo.
Aristocracy— Miss Virginia Wray, Athene, Geo.
“ ’ Tie not all of life to live nor alt of death to die**
—Miss Florida Weaver, Greensboro, Geo.
The Sunny South— Mies K. Latimer, DeKalb Co.,
Geo.
The compositions were all well written, and
well read.
On Wednesday evening, the young ladies
of the Music School, gave a Concert.
Thursday was Commencement Day. At
an early hour the large Assembly Room of
the new College building, was densely crowd
ed. The order of exercises, wm as follows:
Salutatory.— Mi**s Camilla Oliver, Oglethorpe Co.,
Geo.
“ We all do fade as a Leaf. 1 ' — Miss Martha E.
Key, Oiford, Geo.
“ 7 he Shadows of a Mighty Name."— Miss Cor
nelia M. Jones, Li berry Co., Geo.
Hope tells a flittering 'Pale. 11 — Miss 14 ary E.
Crowder, Oglethorpe Co., Geo.
Ecerthing is of itself a Mystery.— Miss Sarah E.
Pharr, Walton Co. Geo.
Arotd Extremes.— Miss Julia P. Wittich, Madison,
Geo.
My Mother - Valedictory to Trusteesand Facul
ty. — Miss Mary V. Harris, Walton Co., Geo.
Light and Shadows— Valedictory to the Class. —
Mis 3 Mary E. Little, Putnam Co., Geo.
Address to the Class, by the President.
Degrees Conferred.
Literary Address, by Hon. Jamea Jackson, of Mon
roe.
Benediction.
It would bo wrong to particularize, where
all the compositions were so meritorious as in
this instance. They weie well written, each
young lady displaying good taste in the selec
tion and treatment of her particular subject,
and we are sure that no institution in Georgia
has ever sent forth a more accomplished or
more talented class of young ladies, than the
present graduating class of the Madison Fe
male College. Os President Wittich’s ad
dress we must speak ia the highest terms.
Unlike such addresses genera! y, ».ne fetyle
was playful, and caused the young ladies co
smile instead of weep. His subject v/as one
of great importance to the young of both
sexes—mat kimojjx——and was treated, as we
have said, pleasantly, but vritb great good
sense. Os the Literary Address of Judge Jack
son, wo cannot speak >oo well. His subject
was “Education o the Heart;” and we are
sure that for beauty of style, srengtli of dic
tion, and above all, a pure and ennobling spirit,
which was every where discernible throughout
the address, it has not been surpassed in Geor
gia for years, if at all.
We cannot close this hastily written sketch
without saying a word in praise of the excel
lent music, with which the audience were
favored during the exercises of Tuesday even
ing and Thursday, by Professor Gohren, and
Misses Toomer and Armstrong, who have
charge of the department of Music in the In
stitution. Altogether we venture to say thta
no Commencement ever passed off more
pleasantly or with more credit to our Institu
tion. B
Correspondence of the Chronicle Sentinel.
Washington, June 27,1851.
The fact that twelve hundred horses, nine
thousand hogs, and three thousand sheep were
sent from Dunkirk over the New York and
Erie Railroad last week, suggests a few
thoughts which I venture to submit to the
readers of the Chronicle. Dunkirk is in the
largo county ofCbautauque, with every town
ship of which I am familiar, and know not a
few of its farmers, who are situated both geo
logically and agriculturally, not unlike the peo
ple in the Cherokee country. It may surprise
some that so soon after the Erie is com
pleted to the Lake, so many horses, hogs and
sheep should be ready for market. The secret
is this : For 20 years the farmer? of that region
have been reading an agricultural journal, like
the Southern Cultivator, and have learned
bow to make money by stock-growng much
easier than to plow and hoe for it. Being the
proprietor ol an agricultural paper which has
forty thousand subscribers, and having devote ’
my life to the investigation of rural affairs, I
see very clearly millions of acres of fair grazing
lands that now produce nothing, which ought
to be tnade tributary to the Railroads, the
Trade and the Commerce of Georgia. If it
were possible for tue to furnish evidence of the
soundness of my views on this subject without
any personal -illusions, 1 »bould do so, but it is
net. To rear horses, mules, sheep, neat cattle,
and hogs in a skilful and profitable manner in
northern Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee,
the business must be closely studied, and not
two, but twenty blades of grajs grow, where
one is now available as food for domestic ani
mals. If I were about to put in one or two
thousand acres of clover, timothy, blue grass,
red too, or any other, 1 should not want a plow
on the farm. The most extensive and success"
ful dairymen in the United States have no
plows on their e*tatei —ipading up tneir gar
dens and harrowing in all grass seeds. Even
in densely populated England, grazing is more
profitable than grain culture. In any district
where grass will grow, the production of good
dairy cows can be made exceedingly remune
rative, because our population in cities and
villages increases rapidly, and the demand for
choice butter and cheese exceeds the supply.
In 1845, I got all the cows that gave milk,
counted in the State of New York, and when
the agricultural statistics at the Census Office
are collated and ready for the press, I shall
have something to say on the progress of stock
growing in the Union. Mr. R. Piters, of
Atlanta, has set a good example ; but until he
raises 100 bushels of clean clever seed and 500
of timothy a year, I shell not commend bis
Oothcaloga Farm. There is neither wit nor
sense in puttering wi'h a garden patch of
grass; if it will not grow by the 100 acre field
let it alone. But it will grow if fairly treated
on virgin soils, never scourged with the plow.
Dairymen frequently write to me for informa
tion where they can find in Upper Georgia or
Tennessee cheap grazing lands with English
grass already set, to which they can drive 40 or
50 excellent cows. A few hundreds of such
animals, in addition to the fine Devons of Mr.
Peters and others, would be a valuable acqui
silion to the grazing districts of the South—
Could an English, Scotch or Yankee firmer
live by rearing such horned cattle as abound in
ihe Southern States? To expel these by tbe
introduction of ihe best in the world, is an
object of great importance. The first step is
to supply the market with cheap grass seed,
which is'clean. 1 hirty years ago, before the
Erie Canal was made, this was a leading busi
ness in the section where the writer practiced
farming; it was the foundation of those exten
sive grazing and dairy establishments in central
and western New York, and the Western Re
serve in Ohio. The liberal use of lime, gyp
sum and ashes, on thin lands, is indispensable.
But fresh lands often need only seeding in the
wet season of the year, and a thorough har
rowing to procure a good stand of grass. No
one need fear that he cannot sell at fair prices,
all the good horses, mules, heifers and steers,
he can bring into market. Nor are hogs and
sheep unwonhy of attention. The 9,000 hogs
and 3,000 rheep sent from Dunkirk last week
will pay the growers a good profit. Suppose
the Railroad Depot in Augusta should dis
charge upon the common such a number of
grunters and bloaters; would not the ancient
capital of the Stale present a lively acene,
especially if you throw in 1200 horses and
3,010 cattle to complete the assortment?—
Something like this may yet happen
Those that desire to see the vast resources
of the soil developed in the most economical
manner, should not forget to give the Cults
vator a cordial support. The stockholders of
the Erie Railroad are the most liberal patrons
of the Genesee Farmer, wixely using it as a
powerful means to augment their dividends.—
It advocated the interests of their road in the
days of its adversity, and now justly shares in
its prosperity. A journal read by the owners
of the soil, and wholly exempt from all politi
cal bias and objects, can render an invaluable
service to all classes. To increase production
by diversifying farm labor, and diffusing addi
tional intellirence among agriculturists, is to
augment the business and profits of all mer
chants, manufacturers and professional men.
The holders of city property and bank stock,
are the first tn feel any increase or diminution
in the productive power of the community.—
Theirs is a spirit thermometer, more sensitive
than one of meremy
Wheat harvest has commenced in the vicinity
of Washington, and the yield is unuauilly abun
dant. Real estate is advancing in price, and a
large number of substantial buildings are bring
erected in the federal metropolis. There is
much need cf agricultural improvement in this
region, and a few enterprising farmers are
showing os bow it can be done. Since the
completion of the Canal to the Cumberland
Coal Mines, the commerce of Alexandria has
received new life, and the prospects of that
city are very flittering; as it will be the ter
minus of an important railroad, running, I
know not where, short of Memphis on the
Mississippi. L.
Fire in New Yoke.—About eleven o'clock
las: night a fire broke out in the double five
a'.ory building No. 29 Peck slip, the lower part
of which is occupied by Messrs Starr, Min
turn A Co. steam eotton press establish
ment, and the upper part by Messrs. W. H.
Newman & Co., manufacturers of a compo
sition for e'eansing steam boilers. The three
upper stories were entirely burned out and
the walls are badly cracked in several places.
The building is owned by Masers Spofford.
Tileston &■ Co, and insured for $6(1000 in
equal amounts in the jEtna Insurance Co, of
Hartford and the Equitable of this city, which
will cover the whole damage The engine
and other machinery of the cotton press being
on the lower floor is not probably very much
injured, and the loss of the tenants is therefore
supposed to be not very large. We were un
able to ascertain whether there wav any iusu
rance on the contents.— Com. Adv. of Satur
day.
Death or Major Luxe Lea.—The St.
Louis Republican gives the following account
ol the death of Major Lea : “We learn from
a gentleman who was a passenger ou the Ben
West, yesterday, from the Missouri river, that
Major Luke Lea was accidentally killed by
being thrown from his horse a few days since.
The accident occurred three or four miles
from Westport. He was found in a sitting
position in the corner of a fence, dead. Maj.
Lea was an Agent for t e Potawa’omie, Kicka
poo, and other tribes of In liana, at the Fort
Leavenworth Agency.” Major L. was from
East Tennessee.
Direct Importation.—Advices received in
thia city by the Europa’s mails, announce the
departure from Calcutta on the 12th April last
es the ship Grasmere, for this por, with a
full cargo of Gunny Bagging for the well
known firm of Messrs. John Frazer A Co., of
this city. She is expected here about the Ist
September next.
We are gratified to learn that arrangements
have been made for tho importation of Gunny
Cloth direct from Calcutta on an extensive
scale and onteimsso favorable, that in all
probability this important branch of Com
merce will in time be entirely transfered from
Boston to thia port ; thus giving to the
consumer the benefit hitherto derived by the
Northern merchants from the intermediate
profits. &c — Charleston Cour.
Bloodgood’s Factort. —This manufactur
ing establishment, which has been in success
ful operation for sometime, is now exclusively
engaged in the manufacture of cotton yarns,
of which about seven hundred pounds are
made daily. These yarns find a ready market
at home, and are sold at seventeen cents per
pound, affording a better profit to the manu
facturer than the article of co ton cloth, in
consequence of the present high price of the
raw material The mil s, at present, give can
stant employment to upwards of sixty hands,
mostly negroes, owned on the premises. We
understand that large additions are to be made
to the stock of machinery in a few weeks,
which will require a larger number of hands,
and increase the consumption of cotton from
700 to 1,3001b5. per day. The loomshave not
been st work for sometime, but we learn they
will start again shortly, as the price of cotton
has reached a point which will justify again
making cloth. It is establishments like this
which render a nation truly independent—Mo
bile Ado.
Firk.—A fireoccurred last evening between
eleven and twelve o’clock in the brick buil
ding used as a cooperage by Messrs. Lnelow
& Bell, situated on East Bay street, at the
corner of Boyce’s wharf. The various Fire
Cou panies were promptly on the spot, but the
flames previous to their arrival had been in a
great measure subdued by the strenuous exer
non of several gentlemen from the immediate
vicinity. But li tie damage, we are happy to
say, ensued. One of the proprietors informs
us that he has but little doubt that it wu the
work of an incendiary, as there had been no
fire used on the premises.—CA. Cw>
NEWS ITEMS.
Revolution and Reign of Terror Re
vived in La Plata. —A traveller informs the
Providence Journal that the governors of
Cornentea and Entrerios have pronounced
against Rosas, and that the President < f Para
guay has united with them to overthrow the
Buenos Ayrean dictator. Meanwhile, the
reign of terror is resumed. On the 2d of
April, Don Gregorio Lecocq, who, in 1837,
was minister of finance in Uruguay, was sud
denly arrested, without any ostensible cause,
and after eighteen hours confinement, was
carried over night to Palermo, Rosas’s coun
try seat, and at sunrise was brought out and
shot A large number of soldiers, whose
loyalty was suspected, have likewise been shot
at Palermo, and others flogged—and six offi
cers under Oribe were executed by having
their throats cut. shortly before the murder of
Lecocq. The country is in a fearful condi
tion, and we may soon expect to hear of san
guinary conflicts which will change the aspect
of affairs in La Plata. The press is muziled
in Buenos Ayres, and papers to the 16th of
April, from that city, report, as usual, every
thing quie‘ in the republic.
Nevertheless, we expect to see Roras retain
his power, as governor of Koenes Ayres,
and dictator of the Argentine republic
Later from Buenos Ayres —Capt. Cross,
of the brig Nancy Pratt, arrived here this
morning from Buenos Ayres, brings advices
to the 10th of May.
He reports the United States ship St. Louis
aground in the river, the water being very
low. After getting afloat, tbe St Louis would
proceed home via Montevideo, Rio Janerio,
&c,
Capt. Cross reports that, at the time of sail
ing, flour was failing in price and doubloons
were rising.
Capt. Cross brought no papers later than
the 3d of May. The Nancy Pratt left May
11th, but while at anchor below, lost both
chain® and was compelled to put back. She
was promptly supplied by the U. S. ship St.
Louie, and the national light boat, and left
again on the 15th.
Letters to that date, received here, state that
everything at Buenos Ayres remained in the
same disturbed state. Flour was worth $5 on
board. All descriptions of American produce
were lower.
Letters to a house in this city, dated Buenos
Ayres May 14th, reports soma excitement
there in consequence of rumors being preva
lent of the blockade of that place by tbe
Brasilians, which rumors, however, were not
generally credited.
Flour had fallen $1 per bbl., in consequence
of tbe opening of the port to foreign imports.
Freights were dull.
Later from Hayti.— An arrival at tbis port
from Cape Hayticn brings advices to the 13th
inst.
The report of a battle having taken place
between the and Dominicans is with
out foundation.
By the recent proc'amation each party is
bound :o give two months’ notice before resort
ing to arms.
Army Court Martial.—The Court Mar
tial io the case of Col. Talcott assembled yes
terday in the Alderman’s Chamber, at the City
Hell, which was appropriately arranged for its
accommodation Lieut. Col. Huger was re
ca’led and further examined. Mr. Joseph R.
Anderson, nroprietor of the Tredegar Iroa
Works, at Richmond, (Va ) was next called,
and the Court was engaged ill the taking of
hie testimony, in relation to the matter in issue,
until the adjournment.— Nat. Intel, of Saiw.
A Disunionist Run Mad.—A writer in the
Charleston Mercury suggests that the coming
4th of July “ should be made use of by our
young friends (boys from the age of nine
years and upwards) to form Southern Rights
Associations, and to swear upon the altar of
their country (I mean the south only) their
devot»d, eternal and never dying hitred to
our infxmous'y aggressive, oppressive and
fanaical Government.” Again, tie saye:
repeat, Messrs. Editors, let our boys, who
soon be men, do as the youthful Hannibal did,-*"
in regard to the Roman Republic: take a
solemn oath to resist all enemies to the institu
tions of the sou h, to the end of their lives,
with a 1 their energies, all their strength, and
all their means.” Among a'l the enemies the
eolith ever had or ever can have, within or
without her borders, just such violent men as
the writer of the above are, of all others, the
most dangerous.
Steam Shipping or the United King
dom —From a return, just published, of the
steam vessels registered on the let January,
1851, from the various ports of the United
Kingdom, we learn that there are, of vessels
under 100 tons, 569 ; 100 and under 300 tons.
362 ; 300 and under 500 tens, 112; 500 and
under 1,600 tons 101; above 1,000 and tinder
2,000 tons 33 ; above 2 000 tons, 4. Os the
above fleit, 898 belonged to English ports;
169 to Scotch ports, and 114 to ports of Ire
land. London owns 333 ; Bristol 31 ; Hull,
34; Liverpool, 92 ; Newcastle, 138; Shields,
20 ; Southampton, 24 ; Stockton, 20 ; Sunder
land, 32 ; Aberdeen, 16 ; Dundee, 10 ; Glas
gow, 88; Leith, 23; Belfast, 10; Cotk, 20;
Dublin, 44; and Waterford, 20. Os the
above, 169 boats are bu It of iron, and 30 are
worked by means of screw propellers.
The number o( emigrants from Europe
which arrived ut New York last week was
8,739, and the entire number since Ist Janua
ry is said to be not loss than 130,000.
The Columbus. Ohio. Journal states that
mais from New York city now reach that
place in 36 hours. They are conveyed over
the Erie Railroad to Dunkirk, thence to
Cleveland by steamboat, and thence by Rail
road to Columbus.
Struck by Lightning.—During the thunder
squall yesterday afternoxtn. the lightning eirqpic ,
a tree in front of a house occupied by ftrrl
Gnann in Joachim-street, slitting it and aaltinj
it on fire, it then glanced from the free end
entered Ihe house under the eaves, and tun
ning down Ihe wainscot, struck a musket
standing in the "vrner of the room, shattering
it in pieces. It then passed across the floor to
the opposite wall, and made its eiit through
the window. There was a lady in the room
wher* the lightning entered, but we learn that
she received no injury. The shock was felt by
several persons in the immediate neighborhood.
—Sav Rep. ‘ilth inst.
Embarkation of Missionaries.— The Rev.
Wm. Mellen and w>fe embarked in this city
yesterday, in the new barq le Springbok. Capt.
Hunt, for Cape Town, ax Missionaries of the
American Board to the Zulus of South Afri
ca.— Ibid.
Large Train. — On Wednesday night the
emigrant train west consisted of thirty two
care, containing over 780 emigrants. We
believe this is the largest train that has ever
passed over the Central road except one—Sy
racuse, N. Y. Journal.
The three men recently convicted of the
inurdir of the Ccsden family, William Shelton,
Abraham Taylor and Nicholas Murphy, were
sentenced to daa h by judge Chambers, at
Chestertown, on Thursday
Bermuda.—The Island of Bermdua is fur
nishing large supplies of vegetables for the
Now York and other Atlantic markets. The
cargo of the brig Swan consisted of 1100 bar
rels potatoes, 395 barrels onions, 3,000 pounds
onions in baskets and bunches, 550
matoos.
Extort or Specie.—The amount of specie
exported from New York during the week
ending lhe 21st inst. was $2,549,374. The
amount imported was $770,459.
Pater Rooting.—Talking with one of the
proprietors of the Paper Mill at Columbus, Ga.,
the other day, he tells us they are manufacturing
and using in that city, an article of paper for
roofing which is believed to be belter and cheap
er for that purpose than almost any thing vise.
This paper is made of the same materials as
common wrapping paper, and is a quarter of an
inch thics. It is stcurely nailed to a well sea
soned covering of boards, and then thoroughly
tarred, and while the taris green, a good coaling
of sand sifted upon it. The roof then becomes
as hard as stone—entirely impervious to water—
quite as proof against fire as any metallic roof,
and in h:s judgment, more durable thin any other
in use in this country. Os course, It must also
be the cheapest sort of a covering.— florida
Sentinel.
Later fsom Texas.—By the arrival thia
morning of the steamers Pampero and A. Fuseli
er, we nave received our files of Galveston pa
pe-s to the 20 inst.
The Southwestern American mentions a ru
mor that George B. Erath, Esq., and a partv of
assistants who were out surveying on the Up
per Brazos, have returned to Waco Village,
“Jose Maria” having warned them that he
dreaded mischief from his young men, and ad
vised them to leave. The American says the
Indians cannot understand why the late military
order, which prohibits the Indians from coming
below a certain line, should not prevent tho
white man from passing above it. The Wes
tern Texan states that one of the Rangers,
named Tompkins, was decoyed from Capt. Con
nor’s camp some days ago by the Indiana, who
Imitated turkeys, and as he had not returned, it
was supposed he had been murdered.
Capt. Wallace and Lieut. Brady, of the
Rangers, arrived in San Antonio on the 3d inst.
They reported everything quiet in the vicinity
ol] this command.—Pte.
IbTRHOXMINT OS AN AMERICAN BV THE
Austrian Government.—Mr. Charles L.
Brace, son of J. P. Brace Esq., of this city,
who has been engaged the last year in a pedes
trian tour through Europe, was imprisoned
May 27, in Gros Werdsio, in Hungary, under
false accusation of being one of the Democrat
ic Revolutionary Committee and an agent of
Ujhazy. Mr. McCordy. our Min.ster at Aus
tria, is making efforts for hie release. Ho has
written to our Government for their interfer
anee.—Bartjosd Cour.
Post Office Embezzlement.— A young
man named Edward D. Yates, recently a clerk
in the Philadelphia post office, has been arrest
ed in thateity on a charge of embezzling money
from letters'. An examination was had, but
no testimony was elicited to fix the charge on
the accused. He is to be detained for further
examination.
Not Rxading far Exones —A member of
the Society of Friends happening one day to
meet two Oxford scholars, one of them remark
ed to his companion that they would have some
sport with ‘Broadbrim,’ and immediately gave
him a slap on the cheek, saying, ’Thou Quaker
it is written, if one smite thee on thy right
cheek, turn to him the other also ” ’Thou
hast not read far enough.’ said lhe Quaker;
’torn thou over the other leaf, and there wilt
thou find that 'whatsoever measure thou me
test. it shall be measured to thee again,’ at
the same time giving lhe Oxonion a ‘whack’—
thvtsent him reeling to the other side of the
road.
Writinss or Washington.—The New
York Post states that a complete and authentic
edition of the Writings of Washington is
in preparation, to embrace more than two
thousand letters, not included in the collec
tion of Mr. Sparks, together with all Wash
ington’s diaries, speeches, and public and pri
vate papers of every description, which may
be supposed to possess any interest or ii’usL'a
I ons of bis character or history.
iheic York, Jure 23 P. M.—A portion of
Fat ’a Store House, connected with Hecker’s
Flour Mills in Cherry strset, fell down this eve
ning and three boys were ernshsd beneath the
ruins-