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ilie-. Virginia. In tier eve< lasting nuuur,
acred a great part in framing and establishing
the present Constitution. She hath had her
reward and her distinction. Seven of her
noble eons have each filled the Presidency, and
enjoyed the highest honors of the country.
Dolorous complaints come up to us from the
South that Virginia will not head the proces
sion of secession, and lead the other Southern
Stales out of the Union. This would be
something of a marvel, certainly, considering
how much pains Virginia took to lead
these same Starts into the Union, and consid
ering too. that she has partaken as largely of
its benefits and its government as any other
• State.
And ye men of the other Southern Stites,
members of the old thirteen ; yes, members ol
the old thirteen ; that touches my regard and
my sympathies; North Carolina, Georgia
South Carolina I What page in vour hisiory.
or in the history of any of you, is brighter than
those wh ch have been recorded since • e
Uuton wis formed 1 Or through what e
has your prosperity been greater. or J®
peace and happiness better secured _
names even has South Carolina, “’ .. . .
d ssaiufied, what name. h« she »{ her
intelligent sons are more pro p„_ arn
Which hare been connected with the Govern
ment of South Caro’ma ? in revolutionary
times, and in the earliest days of tin. Constl
tu.ion, there wa. no Smte more honored, or
more daservi-g to be honored. Where is she
now! And " what a (all ta there, my coun
trrme'o!” But I leave her to her own re
flecuona. commending to her, with all my
heart, the due consideration of her own
example in times now gone by.
Fellow citizens, there are some diseases ol
the mind as well as of the body, diseases ol
communities, as well as diseases of individuals,
that must be left to their own cure; at least ii
is wise to leave them so, until the last critical
moment shall arrive.
Ibope it is not irreverent, and certainly is
not intended as reproach, when 1 say, that 1
know no strong >r expression in our language
than that whtcn describes the restoration of a
wayward son—“he came to himself.’ He
had broken away from all the ties of love,
family, and friendship. Ha bad forsaken
every thing which he had once regarded in his
father's house He had quilted his natural
sympathies, affections, and babi's. and taken
his jiu ney into a far country. He had gone
away from himself and out of himself. Bui
misfortunes overtook him, and famine threat
sued him with starvation and death. N >
entreaties from home followed him to beckon
h m back ; no admonition from others warned
him of his fate. But the hour of redaction
had came, and nature and conscience wrought
within him, until at length “ he came to him
self."
And novr, ye men of new States of the
South! You are not of the original thirteen.
Toe battle hid been fought and won, the revo
lution achieved and the Constitution establish
ed, before your Stales had any existence as
States. You came into a prepared banque ,
and had seats assigned you at table, just as
honorable as those which were fi led by older
guests. You have been and are singularly
prosperous; and if any one should deny this,
vou would at once contradict hie araertion
You have bought vast quantities of choice and
excellent land at the lowest price; and if the
public domain has not been lavished upon you,
yourselves will admit that it has been appropri
ated to your own usee by a very liberal hand
A<-d yet in some of these Stales —not in all—
parsons are found in favor of a dissolution cl
the Union, or of secession from it Such
opinions are expressed even where the general
prosperity of the community has been the
most rapidly advanced. In the fl jurishing and
interesting State of Mississippi, for example
there is a large psrty which insists that her
grievances are intolerable, mat the who’e body
politic is in a sta e ol suOTsring. and all along,
and through her whole extent on the Mississip
pi, a loud cry rings tha her only remedy is
“secession,” ‘secession.” Now. gentlemen,
whit infliction does the State of Missis ippi
suffer under 1 What oppression pro-trates
her strength or destroys her nappiness I Be
fore we can judge of the proper remedy we
must know something of the disease ; and, fjr
my part, 1 confess that the real evil exis ing in
the cs.e appears to me to be acertain inq delude
or uneasiness, growing out of a high decree of
prosperity and consciousness of weilth and
power, wnich sometimes leads men to be ready
for changes, ami to push on to still higher
elevation. If this be the tr ith of the matter,
the doctors are about right. If the complaint
spring from over-wrought prosperity, lor that
disease 1 have no doubt that secession would
prove a sovereign remedy.
But I return to the leading topic on which I
was engaged. In the department of invention
there hive been wonderful applications of
science to arts within the last sixty years. The
spacious hall of the Patent Otlice is at once
the repository and proof of American inven
tive arc and gemu . The results are seen in
the numerous improvemerts by which human
labor is abridged.
W thout going into details, it may be suffi
cient to say tbai many of the applications of
l-cuu to locomotion and manufactures; of
electricity and magnetism to the production
O’ mechanical motion: io th? electrical tele
graph ; io the re. i,(ration of astronomical
phenomena; to the art of multiplying engra
vings; the introduction and improvement
am ng us of all the important invention, of
the Old World, are strikingly indicative of this
country in the useful aita.
Toe net work of railroads and telegraph
tinea by which this vast country is reticulated
have not only developed its resources, but uni
ted emphatically, in metallic bands, all parta of
the Union.
Ttie hydraulic works of New York, Phila
delphia, and B»ton surpass in extent and tm
portaoce those of ancietr Rome.
But we have not confined our attention to
the immediate application of science to the
uaeful aria. We have entere I ths field of orig
inal research, and have enlarged the bounds of
scientific knowledge-
Sixty yearsag >, besides the brilliant discove
ries of Frank in rn electricity, acarcely any
thing had been done among us in the way ol
Original discovery. Our men of science were
content with repeating the experimenla and
diffusing a knowledge of the discoveries of the
O.d World, without attempt.ng to add a single
new fael or principle to the exi-ling stock.
Within the last twenty-five or thirty years a
remarkable improvement nas taken place in this
les poet. Our natural history has been explor
ed iq all its branched; our geology has been
investigated wi h resu ts of the highest interest
to practical and theoretical science. Discove
ries have been made in pure chemistry and
electricity wh ch have received the approbation
of tbe world. Tne advance which has been
made in meteorology in this country, within
the last twenty la equal to that mr'e
daring the same period in a'l the world besides.
Io 1793 (here was not iu the United Slates
an instrument with which a good observation
of the heavenly bodies could be made. The e
are now instrutuems at Washington. Cam
bridge, and Cincinnati equal to those at the
best European observatories, and the original
discoveries is a tronomy within the last five
years in ibis country are among the moat bril
liant of the age. I can hardly refrain from
saying, in this connexion, that La Place has
been translated, »xo'ainej, and in some in
stances his illustrations improved, by Bowditch.
Our kr owledge of the geography and topo
frapby of the Auericau continent has been
rapidlv extended by the labor and science of
the officers of the United Slates army, and
discoveries of much interest in distant seas
have refill ed from the enterpr se of the navy.
In 1807 a survey of the coast of the United
States was commenced, which at that time it
Was supposed no American was competent to
direct. The work has, however, grown with
in tho last few years, under a native superin
tendent, in importance and extent beyond any
enterprise of the kind ever before attempted
These facts conclusively prove thst a great ad
vance has been made among us, not only in the
application of science to the wants of ordinary
life, but to science itself in its highest branches
—in its application to satisfy tbe cravings ol the
immortal mind.
In respect to literature, with the exception
of some books of elementary education, and
some tbeologtckl treaties, of whi~b scarcely any
but tbo-o of Jonathan Edwards have an* per
manent va'ue, and some works on Io 2a I history
and politics, like Hutchinson’s Massachusetts.
Jefferson's Notes on Virginia, the Federalist.
Ba knap’s New Hauipshir , and Morse’s
Geography, and a f w others America had not
produced a single work of any repute in
literature. We were almost wholly dependent
On ir ported books. Even our Bibles and
T*>tamen:s were, for the most part printed
abroad. The book trade >s now one of the
greatest branches of business, and many works
of standard value and ot high reputation in
Europe as well as at home have been produced
by Am rie«n au.bors tn every department of
Ltoraiy composition.
Wfit's the country has been expanding in
ditneusioi s in numbers, and in wealth, the
Government has applied a wise forecast in the
adoption of measures necessary, when the
world shall no l inger be at peace, to main
tain 'he national honor, whether by appropri
ate displays of vigor ab r oad, or by well adap
ted means of deft nee at home A navy.
Which has so often Ulus rated our history by
heroic achievements, though restrained in
peaceful tunes in its operalions to narrow
limits, poetesses in i*s admirable elements the
means of great and sudden expansion, and is
Jnetly looked upon by the nation as the right
arm of its power : an army, a ill sma.ler, but
■ot less perfect in its detail, which has on
many a field exhibited the military aptitudes
and prowess ol the race, and demons.rated
tbe wisdom which has presided over its organi-
MU on and government.
While the gradual and slow enlargement
of these respective military arms has been re
gulated by a jealous watchfulness over tbe
public treasure there haw. nevertheless been
freely given all tnat was needed to perfect
their qua'ity ; and each affords the nuc!eus of
any enlargement (hat tbe public ex genres
may demand, from the millions of brave
beans and strong arms upon tbe land and
water.
Tas navy t« the active and aggressive ele
weat ot nanons! defenc* ; and, let loose from
oar ownasacoaat. must d.splsy its power io
<nJ channels of the enemy : to do lhi«,
Ji need no: be large ; and it can never be
hrge enough to u.f ood „ u , . DC9 ~
kerne ell our port, .rj h.rbore. *3 ~, , be
abuence of the oavy.whetc.u the bean,
and.uong.no. ot the army snd do
against the euemy s hue of battis sh lp9 and
steamers, falling without nonce u poo our
coasts What will guard our cities from
tnbu'e, our merchant vessels and our navy,
yards from conflagration ? Here, again, we
see a wise foreca»t in the system of defensive
measures, which, sspecially since tbe close of
ike war with Great Britain has been steadily
followed by Ou* Government.
While the perils from which oar great es
tab isboaen e had jnst e-caped were yet fresh
in reoasaibrsnce a sys*em of fortifications
was bemn, which n'w. though uot quite com
plete, fences in our important points with ;m
--passable strength. More ihsn four thousand
•annon may at anv moment within strong
nd permxßeat works, arriuged wim mo
a ivaniages and appliances that the art affords,
he turned to the protection of the sea coas ,
and be served bv tho men whose hearths may
shelter. Happy for ns that it is so, since these
are means of security that time alone can sup
ply ; and since the improvements of mari
time warfare, by making distant expe 'Don
easy and speedy, have made them P
able, and at the same time more d' i
tictpate and provide against. The cost of
fortifying all the important points on our
whole Adantic and Gulf /
will not exceed rhe amount expended on the
?hmconnexVon one most important facili
v in the defence of the country is not to be
” .looked; it is the almost instantaneous ra
oufity with which the soldiers of the armv,
md any number of tho militia corp*, may be
brought to any point where a hostile attack
may at any time be made or threatened.
And this extension of territory, embraced
within the United States ; increase of its po
pulation, commerce and manufactures; de
velopment of its resources by canals and rail
roads, and rap'di'y of intercommunication by
innumerable steamboats and telegraphs, has
been accomplished without overthrow of or
danger to the public liberties, by any assump
tion of m.litary power ; and, indeed, without
any permanent increase of the army, except
ior the purpose of frontier defonce, and of
affording a alight guard to the public property ;
or of the navy, any further than to assure the
navigator that, in whatsoever sea he shall sail
nis ship, he is protected by the stars and stripes
of his countr,’. AU this has been done with
out the shedding of a drop of blood, for trea
son or rebellion. All this, while systems of
oopular representation have regularly been
supported in 'he Stale Governments and in
die General Government; all this, while laws,
national and State, of such a character have
been passed, and have been so wisely adminis
tered, tha 1 may stand up here to day and
declare, as I now do declare, in the face of all
the intelligent of the age, that for the period
which has elapsed, from the day that Washing
on laid the foundation of this Capitol to the
present time, there has been no country upon
earth tn wh ch life, liberty, and property have
Deen more amply an I steadily secured, or
more freely enjoyed, than in these United
titales of America. Who is there that will
deny this? Who is there orepared with a
greater or a better example ? Who is there
mat can stand upon the foundation of sac s
acknowledged or proved, and assert that these
our republican institutions have not answered
the true ends of Government beyond all pre
cedent in human history ?
There is yet another view. There are still
higher cunsiderations. Man is an intellectual
being, destined to immortality. There is a
spirit in him, and the breath of the Almighty
hath given him understanding. Then only is
he tending towaids his own destiny, while he
seek* for knowledge or virtue, for the will of
bis Maker, and for j st conceptions of his
own duty. Os all important questions, there
fore, let this, the mos: important of all, be first
asked and firvt answered : iu what country of
the habit ble globe, of great extent and large
population, are the means of knowledge the
most generally diffused and enjoyed among
tne people T This question admits of one, and
only one, answer. It is here ; it is here in
these United rftales ; it p among the descand
ants of those who settled at Jamestown; of
those who were pilgrims on the shore of
Plymouth ; and of those o’htr races of men,
who, in subsequent times have become joined
in th s great American family. Let one fact
incapable of doubt or dispute satisfy every
mind on this p>int. The population of the
United States is 23,009 000. Now, take the
map us tbe continent of Europe and spread it
out before you. Take your scale and your
dividers, and lay off in one area, in any shape
you please, a triangle, square, circle parallelo
gram, or trapezoid, and of an ex-ent that shill
contain 150 (100,000 oI people, and there will
he found within the Untied States more per
sons who do habitually read and write than
can be embraced within the lines of your
demarcation.
But there is something even more than this.
Man is not only an intellectual, but he is also a
rclizious being, and his religious feelings and
habits req lire cultivation.
Let the religious element in man’s nature be
neglected, let him be influence Iby no higher
motives than low self-inierest, and subject to
no stronger restraint than the limits of civil
authority, and he becomes the creature of self
fish passions or blind fanaticism.
The spectacle ot a nation powerful and en
lightened, but without Christian faith, has been
presented, almost within our own day, as a
warning beacon for the nations.
On the other hand, the cultivation of tho re
ligious sentiment represses licentiousness, in
cites to general benevolence, and the prac jcal
acknowledgement of the brotherhood of man,
inspires respect for law and order, and gives
strength to the whole social fabric, at the same
time that it conducts the human soul upward
to the Author of its being.
Now*, 1 think it may be stated with truth, that
in no country, in proportion to its population,
are there so many benevolent establishments
connected with religious instiuction —Bible,
Missionary, and Tract ooeielics, supported by
pub.ic and private contributions—as in our own.
There are also institutions lor the education of the
blind, the >leat and dumb; of idiots ; for the
reception of orphan and destitute children ; for
moral reform, designed for children ard females,
respectively; instilutions for the reformation
of criminals, not to s.>eak of those numerous
establishments in almost every county and tow n
in the United States for the reception of the
aged, infirm and destitute poor, many of whom
have fled to our sh res to escape the poverty
and wretchedness of their condition at home.
In the United States there is no church
establishment or ecclesiastical authority found
ed by Government. Public worship is mgfii
tained either by voluntary associations andcM|
tributrns, or by trusts and donations of a
charitable origin.
Now, l think it safe to eay that a greater por
tion of the people of the United States attend
public worship, decently clad, well behaved,
and well seared, than of any other country of
the civilized wjrld.
Edifices of religion are seen every where.
The aggreeate c ist would amount to an im
mense aum of money. They are, in general,
kept in good repair, and consecrated to the pur
poses of public worship. In these edifices the
people regularly assemble on the Sabbath day,
which is sacredly set apart lor rest by ail classes
from seculat employment, and for religious
meditation and worship, to listen to the reading
of the Holy Scriptures, and discourses from
pious ministers of the several denominations.
This attention to the wants of the intellect
and of the soul, as manifested by the voluntary
support of schools and colleges, of churches
and benevolent institutions, i? one ot the most
’eraarkable characteristics of the American peo
ple, not less strikingly exhibited in the new than
in the older settlements of the country.
On the spot where the first trees of the forest
are felled, near tha log cabins of the pioneers,
are to bo seen rising together the church and
tho school house. So his if been from the be
ginning, and God grant that it may thus con
tinue I
“On other shores, above their mouldering towns,
In sulk n pomp the tall cathedral trowna;
Simple and frail, our lowly temples throw
Their slender shadows on the paths below ;
Scarce steals the wind, that sweeps the wood
land track.
The larch's perfume from the settler’s axe,
Ere, likes vision of the morning air,
His slight-trained steeple inaiks the house
ol prayer.
Yet Faith’s pure hymn, beneath its shelter
rude,
Brea hes out as sweetly to the tangled wood.
As where th i rays through blazing oriels pour
On marble shaft and tessellated ffoor.”
Who does not admit that this unparalleled
growth of prosperity and renown is the result,
under Providence, of the Union of these Slates,
under a general Constitution, which guaranties
to each State a republican form of Govcrment,
and to every man the enjoyment of life, liberty,
and the pursuit of happiness, free from civil
tyranny or ecclesiastical domination ?
To bring home this idea to the present occa
sion, who does not feel that, when President
Washington laid his hand on the foundation of
ths first Capitol building, he performed a great
work of perpetuation ot the Union and the Con
stitution 7 Who does not feel that this seat of
the General Government, healthful in its situa
tion. central in its position, near the mountai .s
from whence sush springs of wonderful virtue,
teeming with Nature’s richest p'oducts, and yet
not far from tho bays and the great estuaries of
the sea easily accessible and generally agreeable
in climate and association, does give s'rength
to the Union of these States; that ih<s city,
bearing an immortal name, with its broad streets
and avenues, its public squares and magnificent
edifices of the General Government, erected for
the purposes of carryiug on within them the im
portant business of the several Departments;
tor the reception of wonderful and curious in
ventions, the preservation of the records of
American learning and genius ; of extensive col
lections ot the products of nature and art,
t-roughi hither for study and comparison from
all parts of the world; adorned with numerous
churches, and sprinkled over, 1 am hippy to say,
with many public schools, where ail children
of the city, without distinction, are provided
with the means of obtaining a goo ! education ;
where there are academies and colleges, profes
sional schools and public libraries, should con
tinue to receive, as it has heretofore received,
the fostering care of Congr» ss, and should he
regarded as the permanent seat of the National
Government. Here, too, a citizen of the gieat
republic us letters, a republic which knows not
the metes and bounds of political geography,
has ii dicated prophe ically his conviction that
Atneiica is to exercise a wide snd powerful in
fluence in the intellectual world, and therefore
has founded in this city, as a commanding po
-ition in tne held of science and literature, and
has placed under the guardianship of the Gov
ernment, and institution * tor the increase and
ditfcsionof knowledge amomz men.”
With each succeeding year new interest is ad
ded to the sp >t; it becomes connected with a!l
the historical ass<>eiaiionß of our country, with
her statesmen and her orators, and, alas! its ceme
tery Is annually enriched with the ashes of her
cho-en sons.
Before us is the broad and beautiful river, sep
arating two of the original thirteen States, an I
which a late President, a man of determined
purpose and inflexille will, but patriotic heart,
desired to span with arches of ever-enduring
gunite, symbolical of the firmly cement’ d umon
of the North and the South. Tnat President
was Gen. Jackson.
On its banks repose the ashes of the Father
of his Country, and at our side, by a singular
felicity of position, o. eriooking the city w hich he
designed, and which bears his name, rises to his
memory the marble column, sublime in its sim
ple grandeur, and fitly intended to reach a loftier
height than any similar structure on the surface
of the whole earth.
Let the votive offering of his grateful coun
trymen be freely contributed to carry higher
and still higher this monument. May] say. as
on an other occasion, “Let it rise ; let it rise, till
it meet the sun in his coming; let the earliest
light of the morning gild it. and parting day lin
ger and play on its summit!”
F’eilow-citizens, what contemplations are a*va
kened m our minds as we assemble here to re-
a scene like that performed by Washing
. Methioks I see his venerable form now
k’ u e °; e ’Predated in the glorious statue
dtenXS’ n T in lhe ca P» l ° l Virginia. He
gTa l e 1 and anxiety
r»nce. The Government over wnich he pre-
? tde. ts yet tn the chst. o: experiment Not Tee
from troutrlex at home, he the world in co n
mouon and in arms al. around him He see.
that imposing for .-isn Powers are half disposed
torry ths strength of the
Ameiican Government. We perce.ve that
taieSQty nungied itaia aa w,u
as with hopes, are eirugg ing within him. He
heads a short procession over these then naked
fields : he crosses yonder stream on a fallen
tree ; he ascends to the top of this eminence,
whose original oaks of the forest stand as thick
around him as if the spot had been devoted to
Druidieal worship, and hete he performs the ap
pointed duty of the day.
And now, fellow citizens, if this vision were a
reality; if Washington actually were now
amongst us, and if he could draw around him
the shades of the great public men of his own
days, patriots and warriors, orators and states
men, and were to address us in their presence,
would he not say to us, “Ye men of this genera
tion, I rejoice end thank God for being able to
see that our labors and toils and sacrifices were
nor in vain. You are prosperous, you are happy,
you are grateful; the fire of liberty burns bright
ly and steadily in your hearts, while duty and
the law restrain it from bursting lorth in wild
and destructive conflagration. Cherish liberty,
as you love it; cherish its securities, ar you
wish to preserve it. Mai-tain the Constitution
which we laboied so painfully to establish, and
which has been to you such a source ot inesti
mable blessings. Preserve the Union of the
Mates, cemen ed as it was by our prayers, our
tears and our blood. Be true to God, your
country and to your duty. So shall the whole
Easiern World foilrw the morning sun to con
template you as a nation ; so shall all suc
ceeding generations honor you, as they honor
us ; and so shall that Almighty power which so
graciously protected us, and which now protects
you, shower its everlasting blessings upon you
and your posterity.”
Great lather ol your country I we heed your
words ; we feel their force as it you now uttered
them with life of flesh and tdood. Your example
teaches us; your affectionate addresses teach us;
vour public life teaches us your sense ol the va
lue of the blessings of the Union. Those bles
sings our fathers nave tasted, and we have tasted
and still taste. Nor do we intend that those who
come after us shall be denied the same high
fruition. Our honor as well as our happiness is
concerned. We cannot, we dare not, we will
not beiray our sacred trust. We will not filch
from posterity the treasure placedin our hands
to be transmitted to other generations. The
bow that gilds the clouds in the heavens ; the
pillars that uphold the firmament, may disappear
>nd fall away in the hour appointed by the will of
God; but until hat day comes, or so long as
our Ilves may lasi, no ruthless hand shall under
mine that bright arch of Union and Liberty
which spans the continent from Washington to
California.
Fellow-citizens, we must sometimes be toler
ant to folly, and patient at the sight of the ex
treme waywardness of men ; but I confess that
when I reflect on the renown of our past histo
ry. on our present prosperity and greatness, and
on what the future hath yet to unfold • and when
I see that there ire men who can find in all this
nothing good, nothing valuaole, nothing truly
glorious, 1 feel that all their reason has fled away
from them, and left the entire control over their
judgment and their actions to insane lolly and
fanaticism ; and. more than all, fellow citizens,
if the purposes of fanatics and disunionists
should be accomplished, the patriotic aadintelli
gent of our generation would seek to hide
themselves from the scorn of the world, and go
about to find dishonorable graves.
Fellow-citizens, take courage; be of good
cheer. We shall come to no such ignoble end.
We shall live, and not die. Duiing the period
s lotted toour several lives we shall continue to
rejoice in the return of this anniversary. The ill
omened soundsof fanaticism will be hushed;
the ghastly spectres of iSeccstion and Disunion
will disappear, and the enemies of united con
stitutional liberty, if their hatred cannot be ap
peased, may prepare to sere theireyeballa as they
behold the steady flightof the American Eagle,
on his burnished wings, lor yearsand years to
come.
President Fillmore, it is your singularly good
fortune to per orm an act such as that which the
earliest of your predecessors performed fifty
eightyearsago. You stand where he stood;
you lay your hand on the corner atone of a
building designed greatly to extend that uhosc
corner stone he la ; d. Changed, changed is every
thing around. The samesun shone upon his head
which now shines upon yours. The same
nroad river rolled at his feet, and bathes his last
resung place, that rolls at yours. But the site
of this city was then mainly an open field.
Streets and avenues have since been laid out and
completed, squares and public grounds enclosed
and o namented, until the city which bears his
name, although comparat.vely inconsiderable in
numbers and wealth, has become quite fit to
be the seatef government of a great and united
peop c.
Sir, miy the consequences of the duty which
you peif >rm so auspi lously to-day equal those
which flowed from his act. Nor this only ; may
the principles of your administration, and the
wisdom ot your political conduct, be such as
that the world of the present day, and all history
hereafter, may beat no loss to perceive what ex
ample you have made your study.
Fellow-citizens, 1 now bring this address to a
c’osr, by expressing to you, in he words of the
great Rorn in orator, the deepest wish of my
heart, and which I know deeply penetrates the
h 'arts of all who hear me ; “Duo modo haec
opto; unu>p, ct moriens populum Romanum
liberum relinquam *, hoc miLi majus a diis
irnmortaiibus dan nihil potest : alterum, ut ila
cuique evemat, utde republica quisque merea
tur.
[Two things only I wish: one, that, dying I
may leave ?ne Roman people free—more than
this the immortal Gods can giant me nothing ;
the other, that, it may so happen to al mei,
that each one may de erve well of the Repub
lic.]
And now, fellow citizens, with he?rts void of
hatred, eniyand malice towards our own coun
trymen. or any us them, or towards the subjects
or citizens us other Governments, or towards
any member of the great family of man ; but
exulting, nevertheless, in our own peace, securi
ty and happiness, in the grateful recollections
of the past, and the glorious hopes of the future,
let us return to our homes, and with ah humil
ity and devotion offsr our thanks to the Father
of all our mercies, political, social, and religious.
Thk Mibt.—We are informed by Colonel
McAlpin, the Superintendent, that the Mint of
this city is now completely out of debt, and
.that depositors can be paid in coin as soon as
gold dust*ts assayed. This •taformation
will be gratifying to the hundreds ol Califor
nians returning. We farther learn that the
coinage of three cent pieces is p ogressing ra
pidly, and that the attention of the active Su
perintendent is now to be turned almost exclu
sively to the getting out if the smaller denomi
nations of gold pieces. This will also be
gra ifymg intelligence to the public, when
small change is in such request.
Tbe following is a statement of the amount
of deposits and coinage al tho Mint during the
month of June:
DKPO3ITS.
California GoldSlSo 403 GO
Foreign Gold. 29 597 06
5310,005 66
COINAGE OF GOLD.
Double Eagles, 31 000 pieces $620,000 00
V aglet?, 37 000 “ 370,(XX) 00
Q .alter Eagles, 24,000 “ 60 0(0 00
(jiuid Do.Ure, 4u,000 “ 40,000 00
$1,090 000 00
Silver extracted from California Gold* $3,*’34 12
Other Silver. 18 483 99
$22,118 11
COINAGE OF SILVER.
D'mee, 80 ( 00 pieces sß,ol'o 00
H ilf Dimes, 80 000 “ 4,(00 00
Three cent pieces, 150,0V0 “ 4 500 00
2V. O. Pie. $16,500 00
Statistics of New York—Census or 1850-
Dwe'hngs in the Mate 472 151
Families in the Stite- 566,959
White males 1,544,903
White fema1e51,504,278
Total whites3,o49,lßl
Free colored males 22,9( 5
*• “ fenn’es 24,949
Total colored. 47,914
Aggregate population. 3,097,095
Deaths during the year 46,651
Farms iu cultivation 170,693
Manufacturing establishments producing
SSOO and upwards 23,985
Statistics of Maine—Census of 1850
Dwellings in the State 97.797
Families m th** 51ate.103,787
Whhe males..• 296,635
Wbite females2Bs,l2B
Total white 5.581,763.581,763
Free colored males7os
“ females6;o
Total colored • 1,325
Aggregate populationsß3 038
Deaths during the year 7.545
Farms in cultivation. 46,76 U
Manufacturing establishments prcducinj SSOO
and upwards. 3,682
New Hampshire.—The Legislsiuro of this
S'ate Ltljeurmd atria die on Saturday last
Amongst the acta parsed is a five-hundred
dollar homestead exemption law. The follow
ing preamble and resolutions, in favor of the
Compromise measures, and pledging the State
to sustain the President in ctrrying them out.
pa-sad both Houses by larga majorities—tbe
vote in rhe Senate being 10 to 2, and in tbe
House 152 to 92:
Whereas, iu the message of his excellency the Go
vernor, our attention has been invited to the late acts
of Congress inlended f?r the adjostment of an anrry
and dangerous controversy which has long di Imbed
ihe atcicab'e relations between the States of the
Union ; an J whereat w« regard thoee acta aa indis
pensable to liaarm sectional agitation, to calm th*
national excitement, and restore that unity cf semi
me nt so essential to the harmony of the republic :
Therefore,
fieso’.vtd by the Senate ard House of Represent
taliks in General Ci>urt canceled That the State
of New Hampshire approves of the ad plion of the/e
measures, as •eeeutial and necessiry far the peace,
preservation, and progress of our glorious Union, and
that we pie-ige her to sustain the Executive of tbe
Nation in carrying said measures into full effect, and
in tbe further execu ion of all constitutional means to
enforce obedience so the laws.
Resoled That his excellency the Governor be
r» qu sted to transmit copies of the foregoing pre imbie
and resolutions to the President of the United States
and the Governors ci the several Stales and Territo
ries.
Extraorfinart Case—We find revealed
in the Upland (Pa.) Union the fol owing mar
vellous esse : “ About six week? since John
11. Taylor, of Ed*mont. in thia county, was
severely wounded by the bursting of his gun
The breech blew out, struck nun on the
forebesd, between the corner of the eye and
the nose, making a wound that was for several
days considered dangerous. He recovered
slowly, and was able to go about upon bis
farm and give directions about his business
On Wednesday or Thursday of laat week
Dr. Aitken discovered ihat the breech of the
gun was in Mr. Taylor’s forehead, having
pasaed in befow the region of the brain. Drs
Gregg and Huddleson were ca'ied, and the
three ohysicians after a severe effort by the
use of the forceps, extracted the iron, which
was nearly three inches in length, half an inch
’hick, and varying from three quarters to an
inch in breadth The removing of the iron
was a severe operation for the patient; but
we learn since that he is more comfortable
■nan before, and improving in strength. Mr.
Taylor** escape from instant death corves
within the miraculous, and the long continu
ance cf such a mass cf iron in his head, so Dear
the brain, is almost mcredib'e, but it is most
certainly true.
The ancient palace of the popes, and the
most magnificent in the world, stands on the
right bank of the Tiber, at Rome. The palace
tikes its name from the hill on which it stands,
derived from one of those andset impositions,
known aa oracnlar doitfoe, called by the Ro
rnars “Jupiter Vatican us ” Who began the
building ia not known, bat it was occupied by
CDariemjgue, more than a thousand yean ago.
and has been increased by successive popes,
until it has reached its present immense extent.
The number of rooms in the Vatican exceeds
4 420, and its treasures in marbles, brouzev,
frescoes, statues, paintings and gems, are un
equalled in :ho world, and its library is the rich
est in Europe. The length of the museum of
statues alone is computed to be a mile.
THEWEEKLY
CH RONICLE & SENTINEL
BY WILLIAM S. JONBF.
TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM,
INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE.
DAILY, TKI-WEEKLY & WEEKLY.
Officein Railroad Bank Buildings.
DAILY PAPER,perannum tsenlbr mail.) on
TRI WEEKLY " " «00
WEEKLY PAPER “ » 00
AUGUSTA, GA.:
WEDNESDAY SIOHNING ■ • JOLY 10.
Constitutional Union Nominations
FOR GOVERNOR.
HON- HOWELL COBB
COMPRESS
For Representative from Bth. District t
HON. ROBERT TOOMBS.
Outside
See First amd Fourth Faqis of Daily'
TRAVELLING AGENTS.
Mr. J. E. Wells and Mr. A. P. Buss, will ec
us Travelling Agents for the Chronicle & Sbnti
hbl and Southern Cultivator. Any assistance
that our friends in the various counties may furnish
the segentlemen, toward increasing our circu jfioa,
will be thankfully received.
Jj-Free Discussion In Elbert. —There will
bo a free Barbecue given at the Camp Ground in
Elbert county, on Friday the Ist day of August
next, of which the people of the county and of the
surrounding country, without distinction of party,
are invited to partake.
Our Carolina friends are also invited to come.
Messrs. Cobb, Toombs. Stephens, Andrews and
others are expected io address the people.
Our Southern Rights friends of Elben are cordially
invited to i rocure tbeir speakers, and unite with us
in a Free Discussion, or name them to the under
signed committee, and they shall be invited to come.
We shou'd suggest, also, that they appoint a com
mittee toar-aoge with the undersigned, fair and just
terms of discussion, without advantage to either
party
Charles W. Christian, I Thomas Johnston,
Thomas J. Heard, | Wm. H. Adams,
John G. Deadwtlbr, | I-ossrt Hester,
SiNcLETuN W. Allen, | Thomas W. Thomas,
jell Committee.
Free Barbecue In Burke.— The Union
Delegates to the Senatorial (July 4, 1851) Conven
tion of Jefferson and Burke, invite the eitixens of
both counties to a Preeßarbecue to be given at
Davis’s Springs in Burke county, on the 26th ins(.
Col. Toombs, A. H. Stkphsms, Judge Andrews
and other distinguished Speakers are expected to be
preaent.
Umion Delegater or
jy6 Jv.FFsaeoN and Burke.
Q*Walton County,— -The Constitutional
Union Party of Walton county is requested to mee
at tbe Court House in Monroe, on the 18th JULY, to
appoint Delegates to tbe Senatorial Convention of
Clarke and Walton. The paity is further requested
to meet at the same place on the first Tuesday in
AUGUST, to nominate Candidates to tbe Legislature.
jy6 Many Ukiom Men.
53* Constitutional L'uion Meeting.—The
Constitutional Union Party of Richmond County,
are requested to meet at the Citt Hall, in Augu.-«
ta, on TUESDAY, the 22d day of July, (inrt.) for
the pur[<ose of taking action in relation to tbe nomi
nation of eand:d*ueß for the Leeisltfure. jvls
What are you doing I
We desire to addreaa the question, “what
are you ’oing f ” to every Constitutional Union
man in Georgia, and to inquire what you
ard each of you are doing to advance the
cause, which all have so much at heart—tbe
Preservation of Liberty, the Constitution and
Union f
The diiunioi ia'.s, like all other malcontents
are every where on the alert, vigilant and
active in their efforts to deceive and mislead
the people. It behooves the Union party,
therefore, not to fold their arms and ait down
quietly to look on, because of their great
siren.-th and superior numbers. They too
must be active—they must not falter in well
doing, they must epare no effort to keep
the people enlightened by spreading docu
ments before them. Give the people light
and they will never fail to do right.
The Citixeus of Elbsrt County,
Wk hope, willfhot fail so read carefully the
communication o/ ‘ Nanqj in this
day’s paper. It is designed especially for their
consideration, and may be rend with profit by
the people of other sections
Laying the Corner Stone.
We shall offer no apology for the space oc
cupied by the report of the very interes.ing
ceremonies of laying the cornor stone of the
enlargement of the Capitol at Washington,
on the 4'.h inot. It is replete with matter of
thrilling interest to every reader, and is well
calculated to elevate the feelings and excite a
glow of patriotism and just pride in the bosom
of every American patriot. This will be fol
lowed by the admirable oration pronounced on
the occasion by the Hon. Danikl Webster,
as soon as it is received in a corrected form
An Oration from Daniel Webster, on such
an occasion, is a document that may well be
sought after, read and studied by every man.
woman and child, in America. That it may
be read with interest by every intelligent
mind throughout the civilized world, no man
familiar with the fame of tho distinguished au
thor, will question.
Mr. W.bster’a Oration.
Wx sincerely hope that every American,
in whose bosom pulsates a patriotic heart,
will read the Oration delivered by Mr. Wu
(Tin. on the occasion of laying the Corner-
Stone for the eiargement of tbe Capitol.
There is a force and magnitude of thought, a
terseness and felieity of expression ; aye,
and an odonr and essence of patriotism
throughout the entire production, in every
line and een'ence, that we have never seen
equalled, and which will touch a chord that will
cause a thrill in every patriotic bosom, and
excite a just and elevated pride in tbe heart
of every American Freeman, that he who
gave utterance to them is an American—a
Patriot, the common property of the Repub
lic,of whom a nation of Freemen may justly
feel proud.
CosoßKssiosat. Co.vvsKTioM.—The proceed
ings of the Congressional Convention for tbe
6th district, came to hand too late for this day’s
paper. It will appear to-morrow, togethe
with other deferred matter —editorials, commu
nications, &c.
Axti-Sxcxisioh Coxvxstiox —Ths late
meeting on the 4th inst., at Greenville, South
Carolina, adopted a resolution inviting an
Anti Secession Convention on the first Mon
day in December next, end requested the party
throughout tbe State to send delegates.
CosanxisioxAL Nomination.—The disun
ion Congressional Coevention, for this (tha
8:b) distri-.t. which met in ibis city yesterday,
nominated, Robxkt McMillav, Esq., of El
bert County, as their candidate for Congress
in opposition to lion. Roar. Toombs.
Col. David J. Bailxt, of Butts county, bat
been nominated by tbe disuniomsts of the
third Congressional District, in opposition to
tne Hon. A. 11. Chappell.
R M. Still, Esqr. of Henry county, has
been appo nted by the Governor, Solicitor
General of the Flint Circuit in place of R. W.
McCu.nx resigned.
Jcdox Lvmpkix.—At the late commence
meat at Frioceton, N. J. the degree of L L.
D., was conferred on the Hoe. Joseph Htsar
Lcmpkix, Judge of (he Supreme Court of
Gaorgia.
M.ssissippi —The first trial of strength in
Mississippi, has resulted in the triumph of the
Union partv, by the election of Bassett, a
Union man, Judge of the third judicial district,
over his disunion competitor. Tne Natcnex
Couiier says “this is the first gun, and tbe re
port is cheerful.”
The Medical Examiser akv Record or
Medical Scibxcx—Tbe July Dumber of this
valuable periodical, is on otir table and we
take great pleasure in lecommending it to the
Medical Profession, as an able and well con
ducted journal. Tbe present number contains
four origins! communications, with reviews
and miscellaneous matter iu proportion. It is
published monthly in Philadelphia, by Lind
say dr Biackiston at $3 per annum in advance,
and edited by Dre. Smith and Biddle.
Mr. Wxbstxr has sot Resigsxo—The
N. Y. Comnurcial Advsrti»er, ol Saturday
afternoon says: ’We are authorized—our
authority being in fact tho honorable Secretary
himself—to give art emphatic contradiction to
tho story of his resignation, in which there
is note werdoftrnh. Those of our eootem
poraries who bare fallen into the error may
safely make the ocrrecueu.
“Tho position of the two parties sre respectively
tbo starting points of disunion on tbe one side,
and consoli'tntion on tha other. Mr. McDonald ro
pola, and we believe, sincerely, tbe charge lhet he
ir s disunionist, but the tendency of his doctrines is to
disunion ; so Mr. Cobb denies, and, wo doubt not,
honestly, that he is a consolidatonist, but the incli
nation of his opinion into consolidation.”
Such is the confession of the Columbus
(Georgia) Semins!, as to the tendency of the
opinions of Gov. McDonald, its enndidate for
Governor. They tend to disunion—and tbe
starting point of the party is disunion. Hence
the Sentinel supports McDonald, for it is an
open advocate of disunion, and says the Union
outfit “not to last longer than next spring ” In
this r rce country, wheie the elective franchise
is umeslrained, intelligent people are general
ly certain to support those candidates who re
present the r opinions—and upon this princi
ple all the open disunionists are found urging
the claims of McDonald. Is it not very strange,
and does it not so strike every reflecting man,
that every disunionie*. in tbe State is an open
supporter of McDonald* Strange as it may
appear, it is nevertheless true —and not only
in Georgia is this the case, but it is equally true
in South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi and
Florida. Every disunionist desires to see Mc-
Donald elected. Why is this, if he is opposed
to disunion, as he and bis friends affect I Is
it not apparent, therefore, to every reflecting
mind, that a game of fraud and deception is at
tempting to be practised upon the unsuspect
ing and confi ling people of the State ? If not,
why did not their convention give their party
a name? Why was the bantling denied the
rites of a christening ? Simply for the reason
that they might in one section affect to be
•‘democrats,” in another “democratic repub
locans,” in a third, “democratic Southern
Rights or Sta-.e Rights,” tn a fourth, “Georgia
Platform”—and where it would take, assume
their true character, Disunionists:—in short,
“be all things to all men,” with a view to de
ceive and defraud, that they may thereby hope
to gain power.
People of Georgia, you who think and re
flect, our eyes to these facts, and
being warned you are forearmed to meet the
political tricksters who are by such means
seeking to dissolve the government.
But let us return to (.he confession of the
Sentinel, that lt lho tendency of McDonald’s
doctrivee ta to ditunion, ” and to his charge
against Cobb and his supporters as * inclining
io consolidation.” The only reply necessary
to make to that is, Mr. Cobb is planted on the
Georgia platform which he and his supporters
united in constructing, and if any document
ever submitted to the people is free from any
“inclination to consolidation” that is, and we
challenge the production of a single word,
sentence or idea, indicating such inclination.
Let them produce it, and let the people judge
Do not forget, voters of Georgia, that this
confessionof the “disuni in tendency of Mc-
Donald’s doctrines ”is from one of h : s warm
and sealoas supporters, a journal which has
his name floating in the breeze in large iet'ers
from its mast head. This charge we have
repeatedly made, and we are glad to find one
of his ablest advocates frankly admitting iu
truth. Let tho people act accordingly.
Soutusrn Central Agricultural Society.—
vVe learn that a gentleman of one of the upper
counties, prop lies to be one of one hundre j fanners
»f Georgia, to give one hundred dollar* a year
for five y-ars, as a rerman >nt fund to this society.
The Fairs of the society to be located in Macon tor
1851 and’3 an 1 for 13)2 and ’4, in Augusta, and
ifier that at such places as the Executive Committee
tnav think for the best interest of the Society.
This is a generous offer, and wo hope the ninety
nineothers will promptly respond, which will place
this noble insiiiu'i-m on a firm basis, and be the
means of Incalculable go d to all the inlustriai inte
rests of cur growing State. God speed the plow.
The Columbus Enquirer, from which we
clip :h« above paragraph, should have given
the name of the gentleman referred to ; such a
man is a public benefactor and his name
should be known. He looks to the true inte
rests of the planters, and desires to promote
; heir prosperity, and to develope the great re
sources of our State through their own ener
gies, by en enlightened direction of their in
dustry and labor. With the hope, therefore,
that his noblo proposition may be accepted
by the requisite number, we give it publici
ty, (hat the liberal minded and enlightened
planters of the State who properly appreciate
the necessity of Agricultural improvement,
may be made familiar therewith.
Within tbe last few years, Georgia and
Georgiine have made rapid progress in the
great and nob’e work of improvement, both
agricultu a’ and industrial; but she has much
yet to accomplish to attain that d *gree of pros
perity and elevation which an enlightened ap
propriation "sher capital and labor will certain
ly secure. Her system of internal improve
ments suggested and carried out thus far, is
based upon a policy, aa wise as it is liberal and
extended; and to render it in the highest de
gree profitable, the agricultural resources of
the State should be fully developed. Tbe
planters therefore, owe it to themselves and
the Siate, not less as a duty of patrio.ism than
of individual and general interest, to unite in
a common effort to develope those resources
to the utmost extent of the capacity of the
soil, and the labor and capacity of her sone, in
all the industrial pursuits.
“The Union of the South eeefrs likely to be ef
fected only by th?t resistance, which ought to be made,
being commenced by some State. The feei'ng man
ifeated by the States has been excited chiefly by the
course which South Carolina has pursued. Is it not
logical to conclude, that to continue in that course
and pursue it to decirive action will produce still
ra re i n[toriant results and bring up all the South
to the same position T*
This paragraph, which we clipfrom a South
Carolina journal, should not fail to open the
eyes of the people of Georgia, and other South
ern Stater, to the purposes of the disunionis s
of that S ate. The position is distinctly as
sumed. that South Carolina should take the
init a*ive in disunion, that the other Southern
States may be drawn into the vortex. In other
words, the people of Georgia, Mississippi and
Alabama, are to be used as mere instruments
with which Carolina hopes to accomplish her
purpose of dissolving the Union. Will tbe
intelligent voters of Georgia permit themselves
to be thus used by Carolina? Last year she
tendered Georgia the lead—Georgia did lead,
but as rhe happened not to lead in tho direc
tion desired by Rhett & Co., they now open
ly proclaim their purpose to drag her at their
bee's into tecettion. If Georgians desire the
3iate to occupy the degrading petition of
paying second fiddle to South Carolina, and
to see her following that State into disunion,
they ehou'dsupport Charles J. McDonald,
forGovernor, who, with his party, is known to
sympathise w tn Rhett & Co , and who has
in consideration therefor been proclaimed
Rhett's “ BugZeman.”
“Governor McDonild, who ie and ever has been
a eonsisteal dem-acrat, opposed to a loose and latitu
dinouscons'ruetion of the Constitution. It is to the
party of cottstrticiion—to that party whose principles
have ever led them to bend end twist the provisions
of the Constitution to suit tbe’r purposes, that we
ere isdebted for the unfortunate position of elints.”
—Florida Journal.
The Journal adheres to the opinion that the
support of a Tariff, United States Bank.
Geu Jacksox’s proclamation, the Force Bill
and the power claimed for the Supreme
Court, to decide all questions under tbe Con
stitatieu and laws, :s a loose and latitudi
nons construction of the Constitution,” and
that the converse of all these positions consti
tutes true olid consistent democracy. Let us
then examine for a moment what claims Gov.
Ale Dos aid has to the position ascribed to
him by tha Journal: “is and has ever been a
consistent democrat, opposed to all latitudiuous
construction of the Constitution.” He vindi
cated the Tariff cf “ the bill of abom
■nations; ” was an open advocate of t <e United
States Bank—justified the Proclamation and
Force B.and asserted the power of the Su
preme Court, to adj idicate all cases arising
under the Constitution and laws of the Union.
Verily, according to the standard of the
Jcurna!, ■' he is and has ever been a consis
tent democrat I ”
Reckless Villiast —Some abinJoned and
depraved creature, possibly to grstify some
petty malignity against the Georgia Railroad
Company, on Friday afternoon or night,
placed a piece of timber across the track,
and -piked it down between Jefferson Hall
and Union Point, by which a freight Engine
and one car of the train were thrown off,
resulting in slight damage to the car. It was
fortunate for the passengers that this freight
train, which in consequence of some delay
■ wss behind time, encountered the obstruction,
which was doubtless designed far the passen
ger train ; otherwise it might nave resulted in
serious injury to life or limb, whereas it only
caused a delay of a few hours, to tbe passen
ger train by the blocking up of the track.
The train with the passengers and mail, all
safe, reached the city at o’clock, in tne
morning, in lime to save the connexion with
the Express train on tbe Charleston road.
Fcchth or Jclt is CoMXKCTicuT.—It may
astonish some of our readers to learn that
Thomfsoi, the English Abolitionist, was bung
and burnt in effigy at the celebration of the
fourth iasL iu Fairfield, ConnectieuL Such, ia
nevertheless true. The effigy was exhibited
during tbe day, and in tbe evening was suspend
ed and by the aid of two barrels of tar con
sumed.
Mr. Cobb--The Congressional Commit
toes.
The Disunionists, in their reckless efforts to
assail Mr. Cobb, have dragged up his appoint
ments or the committees of Congress, and are
peculiarly eloquent in their denunciations of
the appointment of Free-Soilers on commit
tees. This they have j ust discovered, is a terri
ble offence against Southern Rights and Insti
tutions! one which swells to heaven, and is
particularly obnoxious to the Disunion gentry’s
ollactories. They are evidently in a straitened
condition, when driven to such contemptible
means to deceive the people, and we may sin
cerely commiserate their deplorable situation
Tho application of a little common sense and
the disclosure of a little truth, will effectually
neutralize the offensive odor of these appoint
ments, by placing the matter in its true light,
and expose the assailants of Mr. Cobb on th s
question in their true character. By the rules
of the House of Representatives it is made
the duty of the Speaker to appoint the stand
ing committees of the House. Hence the
deep interest always manifested in the election
of Speaker. It has become an established
practice, and is therefore always expected, that
the Speaker will appoint on all important com
mittees, not only the chairman, but also a ma
jority of the members of eaeh of his own po.
litical party. Courtesy and duty alike require
and demand that every member of the House,
who does not refuse to serve, should be
placed on some committee or other. Hence
the Frecsoilers had to occupy a position on
some committee, and the duty of Mr. Cobb was
to so place them as to prevent their controlling
the action of any committee, and this he did
most effectually and successfully, as we shall
proceed to show, by the following tabular state
ment of the composition of several of the im
portant committees:
Democrats. Whigs, t’reesoilers.
On Claims----4 3 2 Hoot & Wilmot
Post Office. <Stc. 5 3 1 Durkee.
District of Co-
lumbia 4 4 1 Allen.
Judiciary 5 3 IP King.
Put lie Expends 4 3 1 Booth
Miitary Affairs 5 3 IP King.
Territories-... -5 3 1 Giddings.
Revolu t i on a ry
Pensions .... 4 4 I Tuck.
Roads & Canals 5 2 1 Howe.
Revisal, &c ..-2 2 1 Julian.
Enrolled Bills-1 1
We ask the reader’s attention to this state,
ment, and would respectfully inquire how the
Free-Soilers in those committees (being in a
small minority in each) could accomplish any
thing to advance the cause of Free-soilism in
either or all. They were effectually disarmed
of their power to do mischief, and for thus
dispos'ng of them Mr. Cobb was as vehement
ly abused by the Free Boilers and abolitionists
of the North, as he is now by the Disunioniats
of the South. How beautifully these two
parties ch’tne in!
The real position of the opponents of Mr
Coßßis— oppose him— oppose him with or with
out reason, but oppose him; and the assaults upon
his discharge of the duties of Speaker are apt
illustrations of their tactics and political n o
rals.
The Staunton, (Va.) Spectator, in referring
to the cavalier manner in which South Carolina
treats her sister States, thus speaks of the period
w hen she lay at the feet of Cornwallis, Rawdon
and Tarleton:
“In that worst crisis that ever marked her history,
in that deepest gloom that ever darkened her honz m,
when real and substantial oppres-ion was almost com
pletely successful tn crushing out the last hope of
her people, the barefooted soldiery of the old Conti
nental line and the stout yeomanry of the other twelve
colonies made their appearance upon her soil and
biu -bt it back with their blood. The names of
Green and Mortran, of ethelby and Campbell, are in
dissolubly associated with her euff.rmgs and her
deliverance. The various fie da up-on which the
dreadful question of her fate was debated, are still
fragrant with their memory Her rescue was at last
accomplished, and, restored to her independence,
she became voluntarily a member of the great sts'er
hood of States, ever growing with their growth and
strengthening with their rtrength, till ehe pt esent hour
when she enjoys her full share of ths liberties and
blessings of the Union. Nr sign of decay, no mark
of signal misfortune appear# io her care to arrant the
attention of an observer, or awaken the sympathies
of the humane. Participating in the common glory
and prosperity, she stands before the world th-s ac
knowledged enemy, the ungrateful despise: of that
very Confe leraey to wlmse aid an 1 foster ing care her
liberties and her very existence a e due.”
Gen. Greeno, says the Richmond (Va.) Re
publican, to whom our Staunton contempora
ry alludes, of en rises to our mind, when we
read the frequent injudicious sneers in South
Carolina journals at Yankee courage and pa
triotism. Greene was the next man to Wash*
ington in military ability. His consummate
generalship and devoted valor completely
turned the tide of war in South Carolina, and
secured her that independence of which she is
now so proud. She ought to erect him a mon
ument in the very centre of her metropolis.
South Carolina had many gallant and chival
roue spirits in the Revolution, (as she still has)
but all their efforts would have been in
vain if Greene a Yankee Quaker and Black ■
smith, had not come to their ail. Whenever
she feels disposed to think that nothing good
can come out of Yankee land, let her remem
ber the broad-brimmed son of Rhode Island,
who hammered British power in South Caroli
na to fragments.
Anti-Sacesslon in South Carolina*
The Greenville (8. C.) Patriot, contains
the following brief notice of the celeoration of
the 4th of July, by the Anti-Seeessionßts in
that place. Among the published proceedings
we observe able and spirited le’ters from Judge
Oneal. Samuel fl. Dickson, Hon. J. R. Poin
sett, W. W. Boyce, Hon. W. C. Preston,
and Hon. Wm. J. Grayson, all condemning in
unequivocal terms, the policy of separate
ata'.e action.
A VOICE FROM THE MOUNTAINS.
Anti-Secession, 4th July —4,000 Persons Pres
ent!—Wehave bad a proud da/ and a glorious cel
ebration in Greenville. Long, too, will ii be remem
bered by the thousands and thousands of men, wo
men and children, who came to it (rota all parts of
the District, and horn the surrounding Districts.
Never before have we had any celebration in Green
ville all compared to it. Early in the morning,
crowds of human beings rolled through our streets,
like the billows of the ocean. Seats had been pre
pared lor upwards of a thousand persons, in the beau
tiful grove east of the Court House, but they were
all filled before the ( recession reached the stand. In
a few minutes afterwards, the whole brow of the hili
piesented an ocean of human heads. The crowd
has been estimated at four thousand persons!
Major Rowland acted as Marshal of the day.
Vardry EcHee, Esq , the landgrave of our District,
who W 46 old enough and near enough to hear and
remember the guns of ths battle of the Cowpens,
was, on motion of a*. E. Duncan, Esq , called to the
Chair, and Colonel Brockman and U. J. Ellord,
Esq., were appointed Secretaries. An appropriate,
beautiful, patriotic and eloquently pious prayer was
offered up at the throne of Grace by the Rev. Wm.
Capers, of the Methodist Church, and son of Bishop
Capers. Captain J. W. Brooks then read, in a
loud and animated tone, the Farewell Address cf
Washington. The Report and Resolutions, pre
pared by a Committee, were submitted, through
their Chairman, and unanimously adopted. Apa
triolic Ode, from the Rev. Thos. Paean, was then
read, addressed to the ** Mountain Men,” which
drew forth bursts of applause. The letters received
were mentioned an 1 exhibited.
Gen. Thompson was now called on by the Cha : r,
and he addressed the vast multitude for about two
hours in a strain of argument, eloquence and scath
ing sarcasm. which have been seldom surpassed.
He probed the disease and the remed v of seceesicn
to the core. Never did a speech tell better on an
audience. All, except a few incurable cases, went
off repudiating secession with all its folly, heresy
and madness. Greenville knows h wto defend her
constitutional rights, and onairtain the Union of the
States. Her position, as er this day’s work and
expre-sion of opinion, can never be mistaken. No
secessionist or dhuu : onist son of hers need ever as
pire to her favor and ass ction.
The ball is in motion, and will rollon till it passes
through the length and breadth ol the State. Spar
tanburg will give it a thousand licks on sale-day in
August. York and Chester will follow suit. The
death-knell of secession has been rung. The people
•f South Carolina have recovered from the panic
which passed over them last winter. In less than
two years secession will be laughed at in this State.
The people will talk of it as a drunken man does of
his odd freaks and fooleries when sobered. They
will wonder how they ever could have been so
deluded.
The dinner was admirably prepared under the
superintendence of Mr. Sahthiel Martin, and the
immense concourse of persons were bountifully
feasted. Three thousand pounds of meat was only
one item in ths bill of fare !
The day pissed off joyously and pleaaantly. The
Uniou men and the anti-secession men ail dispersed
to their homed like quiet orderly persons
Mr. Ewbank, Commlsvloner of Patent*.
The New York Herald and other anti-aboli
tion journals from the North continue to bring
us whcle columns of charges exposing the in
competency and abolitionism of Commissioner
Ewsaita. Although many of these s tements
are doubtless exaggerated, and some untrue,
yet, from our own reliable sources of informa
tion, we have reason to believe that his ungen
tlemanly treatment of persons doing business at
the Patent Office, has given just cause of of
fence to a large number of respectable citizens
from all psrta of the country. Being a foreign
er by birth and education, his manners and
general bearing are such as render him totally
disqualified tor the place he holds ; and we are
surprised that the Secretary of the Interior does
not see how much the Administration suffers in
character, by keeping a man so generally dis
liked in so prominent an office. If it be true, as
is alleged, that the Commissioner is a mere tool
of the N. Y. Tribune, (a journal in which a
great many patent office advertisements appear)
the Administration must make a great deal out
of Mr. Ewsask and the Tribune to balance its
Joss in the Southern States. Citizens of this
quarter confidently expect Mr. Stuast to live
up to his own voluntarily proclaimed rule, if a
gentleman cannot be found to fill the office
of Commissioner of Patents who is honest, ca
pable and known to the country to be free from
the taint of sectionalism, our public affairs at
Washington are in a bad way.
Tbs numberof deaths at St Louis for the
six month* ending the Ist instant was 1,909, of
which 1,193 w<e males, and 709 fomaiss
Pees Him Round,
Wit call the attention of the reader to the
proceedings of a meeting of the citizens of
Warren county, in this days’ paper, called to
gether by the presence of an Abolition Emis
sary who had made his appearance in that
community.
With all due deference to the good citizens
of Warren county, who were engaged in the
meeting, we think their decision in this case
altogethertoo mild for the offence. Such visits
from these scoundrels are becoming altogether
too frequent, and if exemplary punishment,
under the code of Judge Lynch, was in every
instance inflicted, their philanthropy wou’d be
confined to objects at home, and the South
would be relieved of their labors. We should
have rejoiced, therefore, if the good citizens of
Warren had given him fifty or one hun
dred lashes on his bare back, well laid on, and
then have notified him to take leave. This
would have acted as a powerful sedative for
hie philanthropy, and have taught him a les
son by which he would probably have profited.
We suggest, therefore, that in future the reme
dy be applied in every instance, when the evi
denceof guilt is satisfactory and conclusive.
The truth is very apparent, that if these
scoundrels are permitted to come in our very
midst and attempt their nefarious purposes
with impunity, or what amounts to it, a cour
teous notice to quit and the escort of a com
mittee with a publication of the proceedings
on the occasion, every village and city through
out the slaveholding States will be infested with
them. The sooner, therefore, the citizens take
the remedy io their own hands the better.
We are not, under ordinary circumstances,
the advocate of the code of Judge Lynch, but
there are numerous extraordinary cases, and
this is one, when its enfotcement is altogether
the must efficient corrective of crims, and it is
therefore in our opinion, indispenstble to the
preservation of order and the rights of proper
ty. And we sincerely hope it will be rigidly
and faithfully executed in every similar case
that may occur in the Southern States.
The Veterans.—The National Intelligen
cer says:—“There Wvgs *one feature in the pa
geant of the late celebration of the Anniversa
ry which was peculiar to this city, and which
possessed for us. as we doubt not it did for all
other spectators, peculiar interest, and on
which we beg to bestow a brief special notice.
It was the body of illustrious veterans who
have, on the land and on the water, through
many a hard-fought day, sustained the honor
of their country and its untarnished flag. We
could not but regard with profound feeling of
admiration and gratitude these war-worn ve'er
ans, as they silently marched along the avenue
headed by the tall and nob'eform of that heroic
Chiefwho had so often led them to victory, ac
companying now the First Magistrate of the Na
tion on the peaceful and auspicious errand of
hyingthe foundation ofnew Halls of Legislation
—Halls for the Representatives of the States
and of the People, who are henceforth to come
together in this ci'y of Washington from the
shores of the Atlantic, the far off Pacific, and
all their intermediate regions, to deliberate on
the common weal, and to enact laws for the
common government of this vast and united
Republic.
The New York Journal of Commerce says
that there are counterfeit gold dollars in circu
lation in New York, agaiost which merchants
would do wjll to be on their guard. They are
daily detected, by their specific gravity being
muchl:gliter than the genuine coin.
The well informed correspondent of the
Newark Daily Advertiser, writing from Flo
rence under date of 15th June, says :
A project is now on foot at Genoa and Turin
to establish a regular line of steamers between
New York and Genoa, which I understand is
regarded with marked favor by the Govern
ment ol Sardinia. The railroads in that king
dom to connect Genoa with Switzerland on
the one side of the interior, and France on the
otner. are now in full progress, and their com
pletion is looked to as the opening of a new
era of political and commercial freedom.
The Austro Italian Railroad enterprise to
connect the chiefs of the peninsula—Florence,
Leghorn, Rome end Naples—with Trieste,
Venice, Vienna. Milan, &o , is in full p-ogress,
with a fa'r prospect of comptation witbin a few
years. So that next year there will probably
be a steam communication through this ex
tended route.
Murder or a Boat’s Crew. —A corres
pondent of the New Bedford Sfercnry. under
date of Hong Kong, April 20, gives the fol
lowing particulars of the murder of a boat’s
crew attached to the whaling bark Boy, o*
Warren, a brief mention of which has already
been made :
“ On tho 231 of January, at an island not laid
down on the charts, called by the whalers
Kiuglap, about 180 miles east of Ascension,
and a short distance east of the Caroline
Group, Capt. Luce, of the bark Boy, of War
ren, with a boat’s crew, was cutoff by the na
lives. The boat had been on shore the day
previous without the natives showing any
hostility.
A second boat’s crew wassent, to endeavor
to learn something of the fate of the Captain
and his boat’s crew. They were attacked by
tiie natives, and a white man from the shore
warned them to leave, as the natives were
bringing canoes from the other side of the
island to take them. He also informed them
that the Captain and all the crew, had been
murdered. This account we received from
one of'he crew of the Boy. He came from
Ascension in the Oneco.of Boston. We have
reported this affnr to the commanding officer
of our squadron in these waters ”
The Blub Rose. —The following extract
from a late Paris letter will be read with great
interest by florists and amateur gardeners:
The horticulturists* botanists and floral am
ateurs generally are just now in a high state of
excitement. The great rose-garden of the
Luxembourg, where ail the known varieties of
(hat beautiful flower are collected, is about to
haze an increase in its family. The triumph
of modern horticulture is about to see the day,
or at lens', so hope and pray all thoae interest
ed. This triumph is nothing more nor levs
than the Blue Rose.' The plant upon which
the florists have staked their mortal happiness,
has leaved and budded, and upon the just
opening petals of the bud a clear, though dark
blue, is plainly to be seen. A day or two will
solve all doubt. This will be the fourth posi
tive color obtained by artificial crossing. The
yellow or tea rose, the black or purple rose,
and the striped rose, are all inventions—crea
tions —of skilful gardening.
The Raleigh Register copies the above and
adds:
We can add to this the Green Rose of North
Carolina, which, th High not the creature of
science, is sufficiently well known in parts of
this State, to claim a rank among the above
floral novelties.
This rose is identical with onreommon daily,
except iu color, the variation in which is sup
posed to have been produced by the accidental
intermingling of the roots of the rose tree
with those of the common Sumach.
The peculiarities of the new varieties are
perpetuated by cu.tings, or otherwise. It is
quite co i.mon in the County of Blanen, and
some few specimens exist in the town of Fay
etteville.
Transient Newspapers.—By the follow
ing letter from the Post Office Department,
received by tha proprietors of the Baltimore
Patriot, it will be perceived that the postage
on all newspapers, sent for a period less than
three months, must be prepaired :
Post Office Department, July 7, 1851. — Gen
tlemen :— ln reply to yours of the Ist i r st., you are
informed, that ail newspapers sent for a less period
than three mcnchs, {whether sent from the office
as publication or otherwise,) will come under the
head of transient newspapers, upon which the post
age must be prepaid at the office where mailed.
Very respectfully, your ob’t. serv’t.
FITZ HENRY WARREN.
The postage on a paper weighing ono ounce
or under, is one cent when sent not over 500
miles; over 500 and not over 1500 miles, two
cents; over 1500 and not over 2500 miles,
three cents; over 2500 and not over 3500, four
cents; over 3500, Jive cents
Union Nominations.—Hon. Junius Hillyer
was unanimously nominated b/ the District
Convention which met in Jefferson on Tues
day last, as the candidate of the Constitutional
Union party for Congress in the 6:h District
Col. P. M. Byrd has been nominated by the
Senatorial District Convention of Jackson and
Hall, as the candidate of the Constitutional
Union party for Senator for those counties.
Indiana. —A Democratic Convention has
been held in the Congressional district repre
sented in tha last Congress by Mr. Julisn,
(Free Soil Dem ) By a vote of 181 to 160,
toe Convention decided not ro make any nom
ination far Congreeas, but to leave the field to
Mr. Parker (Whig) and Mr. Julian. The
Convention passed resolutions approving the
course of Messrs. Bright and Whitcomb in
the United States Senate ; also, declaring it to
be the duty of all good citizens to conform to
the requisitions of the fugitive slave law, and
carry out in good faith the conditions of that
compromise on domestic slavery which is
coeval with the Federal Government.
Progress of Mr. Cobb —We hear the most
cheering accounts from the several places
where Mr. Cobb has spoken. He has had large
audiences, and has made most excellent ex
pressions We care not what the Telegraph
may publish. One thing is certain —the fire
eaters, or at lest some of the more honest
among them,confessed shat his speech at Perry
had produced a decided influence, and that,
unless something were done to counteract it
their defeat in the county would be more over
whelming than it vas last year. We hope to
be able to gi v e otir rea-’ers a full account of
the Perry meeting in our next. — Jcur. fr Mess.
Connecticut.—The Legislature of Con
necticut adjourned on Wednesday sine die,
having elected no U. S. Senator in the place
of Mr. Baldwin. A series of resolutions ap
proving of the Compromise Measures, inc'u
ding the Fugitive Slave Law, parsed the House
by a vole of 113 to 35, but in the Senate they
were indefinitely postponed. Ten new banks
were chartered during the session, and the
capital itock of throe of the old banks waa en
larged,
To the People oT Warren and Taliaferro
Counties, composing the 23d Senatorial Diet.
I allow Citizens ; Since the last Election
for State officers, new issues have taken pre
eedence of those which formerly divided the
people of this State into distinct parties, and the
terms Whig and Democrat are now thrown out
of use, because an issue has arisen unknown
in tho principles of the old parties, and of such
overwhelming importance as to override all
others, and bring about a new state of parties;
the one in favor of the Union on the basis of
the Georgia Convention of December, 1350,
and the other on the basis of the Resolutions
on the Nashville Convention.
Success tn any cause is in a great degree de
pendent upon a proper organization, and as
the old organization of parties has been broken
up, it is very necessary that those who are in
favor of the Union and the platform of the
Georgia Convention in this Senatorial District
should organize themselves so as to act io
concert, and thereby bring their whole force to
bear in defeating the efforts now making to
array Georgia in the ranks of the Disonionists,
and cause her people to appear at least to repu
diate the actiou of the Convention of last De
cember. than whom a more pure, patriotic and
talented set of men could not be selected with
in this or any other State.
In view of these considerations, and others,
which will suggest themselves to the intelligent
mind, I would respectfully suggest, that you
meet in Convention at Double Welle, on the
4tn Saturday iu August, by your Delegates,
and there organize and nominate a suitable
Candidate to represent this District in the next
Legislature, and take such other steps as are
necessary to carry out the principles of the
Constitutional Union Parly at the next election
And in older that the Delegates should go
to the Convention unbias-:ed, and “fresh from
the people,” I would suggest that the citizens
in each Captain's District should meet, say on
the day of their regular J istice's Court, and
select two Delegatee to represent that District
in the Conven ion.
Unless such a Convention be held, there will
probub'y be a multiplicity of Candidates, and
■he great issue at stake will be lost sight of in
a great measure, as the con est may possibly
become more or less of a local or personal
character, of which the enemies of the Union
will be ready to take every advantage, for they
are determined to leave* no means untried
which will tend to carryout their ultimate pur
pose of placing Georgia in a position, side by
side with South Carolina in the unholy causa
of Disunion; but being rather weaker here
than on the other side of the Savannah river,
they will endeavor t> operate in the dark, or
behind a “ masked battery.” As “eternal vi-
? glance is 'he price of liberty,” let us prepare
or them before it is too late.
Your Fellow Citizen.
Correspondence of the Chronicle bf Sentinel.
Educational Convention*
Marietta, July 8,1851.
The Common School Convention, this day
assembled in Cherokee Hall, in this place, for
the purposes of organization, Bishop Elliott
was called to the chair, and Luther Glenn
and Wm II Chambers, appointed Secretaries.
A commiree of five was appointed to sug
gest the permanent officers for the
Convention. The committee recommenled
Judge Nesbit, for President, and Bishop El
liott, Dr. Churcu, Rev. George F. Pierce, and
Hon. Thomas Stocks as Vi~e Presidents, and
Secretaries as before named.
Sixty counties are represented in the Con
vention, by some one hundred and sixty dele
ga es. Among the n are men of ell classes,
professions and callings. The Planter, the
Mechanic, the Physician, the Liwyei and the
Divine, areall here, mingling their counsels,
in the great and philanthropic object, that has
assembled the convention. The mountains,
the mid-lands, and the sea board of our nobla
old State have been arroused from their slum
bers upon this all important subject, and have
sent up their representative, to commu”e to
gether and if possible, to devise an efficient
system of Common Schools—whereby the
blessings of Edncition are to be carried home
to the poor as well as the rich—and which alone
is needed to make Georgia the * Empire State,”
not only of the South, but of the Union.
On motion of Mr Flournoy of Washington,
a committee of two from each Judicial District
in the State was appointed by the President to
digest and report matter for the action of the
Convention—at ths head of which was placed
Dr. Church, President of the State University.
A call of the counties was then made, for the
purpose ofenabling the delegates to present
any statements written or verbal they might
desire to lay before the Convention. Upon
lhe call of Cass county, the Hon. Wm. 11.
Stiles, arose, and entertained the Convention,
for an hour, with avery interesting and I may
add, classical speech. It, however, did not
contain any thing of practical value. He pre
sented no system, for the consideration of the
Convention—no plan, wheroby the great ob
ject—the universal diffusion of knowledge is
to be effected.
Mr. Laurence, ofChatham, read to the Con
vention an able and extended dissertation upon
the systems of Common School, as they ob'ain
in European Governments, and in the Ameri
can Slates. It evinced great research, and un
tiring labor on the part of the gentleman, and
shed much light upon the whole subject of
Common Schools.
Next came a delegate from Dooly, who in
formed the convention, that his constituents
were ripe for the adoption of any system that
promisee to produce the desired result. He
made a short, but pointed speech, one remark
struck me with much force : “That lhe Slate,
had as wellaod probjbly better, order the exe
cution of every infant, rather than culler them
to grow up in ignorance and vice.” This is
placing the obligation and duty of a Govern
ment to educate its people in a very strong
light.
Liberty County was ner t heard from through
her delegate, who informed the convention
that he had been teaching the “young idea
how to shoot” for nearly half a century. He
made a very practical speech, and is. I under
stand, an accomplished scholar, and has devo
ted a long life to the cause of education, for the
promotion of which, he has come to the con
vention at an advanced age, and seems to have
his whole soul yet absorbed in lhe great work.
Inclosing hie speech he managed somehow to
tell us that in the days of tlio revolution, Lib
erty was for the Union and the country, and
that she “was of the same opinion still.” Tne
Convention adjourned till to-morrow morning
By the way, a word as to politics. I have
seen gentlemen from various sections of the
State, wi.hin a few days past, and from a’l the
information I can get lhe esuse of the “Union
and the Country,” will triumph by an over
whelming majority in October. Cherokee,
will roll down heavy majorities in favor ol the
-‘Constitution and the Union.” The people
have no idea of tearing to pieces the only gov
ernmen upon the earth, that is worth preserv
in 8; Thoy are satisfied with the “Union as
is, ’ and the Constitution as it is—and hence
they intend to preserve the one and hold on to
the other, ret a while longer, by voting lhe
Constitutional Union Ticket for Governor,
Congress and the Legislature. More anon.
CHZKOKZa.
Meeting in Warren*
Warrenton, Ga., July 10th, 1851.
This day the citizens of the town and county,
met at the Court House at 8 o’clock, A,
M. On motion, Thomas F. Persons, Esq.,
waa called to the chair, and Mr. Wm. H.
Pilcher, requested to act as Secretary. The
objectof the meeting was stated by the Chairman,
as follows: Whereas our community has
been thrown in confusion by the presence among
us of one Nathan Bird Watson, who hails from
New Haven, Connecticut, and who has been
promulgating abolition sentiments, publicly and
privately among our people, sentiments at war
with our Institutions and intolerable in a slave
community, and also been detected in visiting
suspicious negro houses, as we suppose, for the
purpose of inciting our slave and free negro
population to insurrection andinsuoor ination.
The meeting having been organized, Wm.
Gibson, Esq , offered the following resolution,
which after various expressions of opinion, the
resolution was unanimously adopted, to-wit:
Resolvea, that a committee of ten be appoint
ed by the Chairman for the purpose of making
arrangements to expel Nathan Bird Watson, an
avowed FabuUdonmL who has been in our village
for tne last three weeks, by twelve 6’-
clogk this day, by the Road cars, and that
iufthali be the duty of Jmk committee, to escort
the said Watson to CaowLfor the purpose of
shipment to his native land.
The following gentlemen wire named as that
Committee: Wm. Gibson, E. Cody, J. M.
Roberts,!. B . Huff, E. H. Pottle. E. A. Brtnk
ly,' lohn|C. Jenoing», George Jw. Dickson, A.
B. Rogers and Dr. R. W. Hebert. On motion,
the Chairman was added /to that committee.
It was pn motion,
That of this meet
ing, with a minunrand accurate description of
the said Watson, be forwarded to the publishers
of the Augusta papers, with the request that
they and all otner papers in the slaveholding
States publish the same for a sufficient length of
time.
Description.—The sa'd Nathan Bird Watson,
is a man of dark complexion, hazie eyes, black
hair, and wears a heavy beard, measures five
feet eleven and three quarter inches, has a quick
step, and walks with toes inclined inward and a
little stoop-shouldered, now wears a check coat
and white pants ; says he is twenty-three years
of age. but will pass for twenty-five or thirty.
On motion the meeting was adjourned.
THOMAS F. PERSONS, Chairman.
William H. Pilcher, Secretary.
from the Soil of the South.
Peach Trees. —Mr. Editor: —I send yon
my plan of preserving peach trees from the
worm. I have iried it for several years with
perfect success. About the middle of July, I
draw the dirt up around the trees 12 inches
high, and about the middle of November,
scrape the dirt away clear to the roots; and if
you see gum scrape it off. Old trees a.ay be
recovered in this way.
Have all the soap suds saved and poured
round the trees. Some peiple waste several
dollars worth of soap suds yearly. They are
a manure such as trees want, because young
fruit con'ains a great deal of potash. Our
friends who have peach trees, would do well to
pay strict attention to this particular.
Ag ricol a .
Where s Gov. Towns!
The proceedings of the Woodville meeting,
as communicated to, and published in the Re
publ.c, have the following report of a portion
of Judge McDonald’s remarks:
“ it was not bis design or intention to make pub
lic speeches during the canvass, for be considered it
beneath the dignity of a candidate for the Executive
chair, to resort to such means, in order thus to ob
tain h'S election.”
Who made public speeches during the can
vass of 1847 T Who thereby acted, in the
opinion of Judge McDonald, “bxveath the
dignity of a candidate for the Executive
cbairl” Let Gxo. W. Towns uuwer.
Hemo*,
J-’or the ChrofflKe
McDonald and hie Organs.
The Georgia Telegraph, Columbus Times and
Sentinel, Savannah Georgian, Augusta Consti
tutionalist and Republic, and other McDonald
organs of like kidney, are making desperate ef
forts to convince th.ir readers that the candidate
of the nameless party for Governor, is a Union
man, and that the Union press and speakers—
tho real “ Simons pure,” who have battled
through thick and thin, in fair weather and foul,
in behalf of the Union and the Constitution—
are falsifying the record, when they assert him
to be inimical to the present Governnm it. I
shall now endeavor to show,that if Judge Mc-
Donald is a Union man, he has been singularly
unfortunate in the choice of his political oppo
nents.
Hie Union a'ly and defender, the Georgia Tel
egraph tmid but a few months since :
“ For our own part, we believe the Issue is
resistance of some sort, or abolition. Disguise
as we may, this solemn question, we cannot
evade. • ♦ • " Wears for secemo,, for re
sistance—open, unqualified resistance."
Ot course this "unqualified resistance’’ editor
could have no motive in desetting his old and
much eulogized friend, Mr. Cobb, and *■ taking
service” under Judge McDonald, other than
lhat of pure, unadulterated patriotism-love of
the Union audits greater champion, the ex
president of the Nashville convention! Os
course, the Telegraph does not now 11 look for
ward to resistance, or to the abolition of sla
very,” as the "altematieee" of the coming elec
tion in Georgia I Os course, the editor and his
correspondents, who denounced the action of the
State convention, are not only willing, but anx
ious to acquiesce in Judge McDonad’s late
“ tame and cowardly submission” (th:s is the
Telegraph’s language) to the platform there laid
down!
I do not pretend to understand the causes
which have operated to produce such a remarka
ble change in the sentiments of the lelegraph,
but certain it is, that wh le, but a tew months
since, Ils editor declared himself for "secession
—for unqualified resistance,’ ha now becomes
highly indignant a' tire imputation of h.s candi
dates beirtg equally ultra “Southern Rights”
and opposed to the Union. The same causes
which impelled the Telegraph to “secession”
then, exist n w, and if its editor wav progressed
of a modicum of that candor and honesty of
which he is prone to boast, be would acknowl
edge that he is now, as then, in favor of ** seces
sion-unqualified resistance," and is only de
terred from saying so, through fear of prej u
dicing of J udge McDonald, whose
private opinions and ultimate purposes, the edi
tor confidently believes to correspond with his
own.
The Columbus Times, another of CharlesJ.
McDonald’s organs, has said :
"Wego for secession—quietly if let alone, for
cibly if made necessary ’’ * * * “Our own
first choice will be for secession and our votes
and dibits will be steadily given to effect that
end.”
Who says Judge McDonald is in favor of se
cession? Be he who he may, no one is more
prompt to denounce the assertion than the editor
of the Timet. And yet he has said that his
“votes and efforts will be steadily given to efiect
that end.” Are not hie “efforts” in behalf of
McDona’d? and does he not inund to “note”
for him ? Doubt). as "that end” will be effected
if the J udge should be elected.
Judge McDonald's other organ at Columbus
says : “We abandon the Union as an engine
of infamous oppression. We are for ssouston —
open, unqualified, naked sice-sion. Henceforth
we are for war upen the Government ; it has ex
isted but for our ruin ; and to the extent of onr
abil'ty to destroy it, it suit exist no longer.
Wha. says the Judge to this? Is the cr'anli
nePs supportof him, part ot his system of "war
upon the Government 7 Is it through his elec
tion that the Sentinel expects to enect its ds
struction 2 It has solemnly pledged itself to
work for that end, and if it does not see in Judgo
McDonald 'he instrument through which its
purposes are to be accomplished, w hy is it moving
Heaven and earth 1 1 effect his election ? Is the
organ itself deceived, oris it deceiving the people,
when it asserts that Charles J. McDonald is
opposed to secession ? 1 leave the people to de
termine.
The Savannah Georgian Bays: ‘‘We gave
our advice in regard to the acts of the conven
tion, and we now stand ready to support them;
if they are for secession, we are with them "
This is one of the o-gans that atlects to scout
the idea of McDonald’s favoring secession, and
has even gone so lar as to rebuke the South Car
olina secessionists for claiming an affinity with
the McDonalditesof Georgia. lam disposed to
think, however, that this snubbing of South
Carolina is simply a small game of Vuncomb,
winked at by the snubbers, in consideration of
that previous pledge that—“ire are with them I”
Another organ, tne Augusta Constitutionalist,
talks after this fashion:
“ Beware of the false cry of Union. It is the
word of tallsinanic charms that is relied on to
prepare yourfree limbs for bondage. And when
evera union croaker rings this sickly sentimen
tality to you, thunder back to him the issue—
Disunion or Abolition."
Well, why don’t he “thunder back the issue,”
now ? Why don’t he say to the Union men of
Georgia, the issue now is, "Disunion or Aboli
tionT’ Does ho do so ? No. He sajs mere
Is no issue between McDonald and Cobb upon
the question of Union—that McDonald is a
Union man and opposed to secession! Let
Union men remember the words of the Consti
tutionalist, and “beware of lhe false cry of
Union—a erv now put up by that paperand oiher
organs of Charles J. McDonald in the very lace
of their disunion sentimen.s a short time back.
The Augusta Republic (organ No 6,) has
said, in reference to the Compromise measures:
“No cause for resistance to the injustice of
the mother country was half as great as thst
which would in this case, demand resistance of
the South."
Os this paper it is butfairto say, that it has
bern uncompromising in its opposition to the
Union, and refused to support McDonald upon
any other ground than that of opaoolilon -toxhaa
Compromise acts. Had he been nominated as
a Democrat, tho Republic declared its determina
tion not to aid his election ; his not being so
nominated, and the strenuous efforts of tho
Republic in his behalf, cannot fail to impress the
minds of the people with the belief that the
strong disunion prejudices of the one arc tqually
shared by lhe other.
So much for Charles J. McDonald and his
organs. It, in contrasting their past with their
present assertions, the reader should incline to
the belief that they are irreconcilable and incon
sistent, I can only tay that the “end is not yet.”
Eminently hostile to the Government of their
fathers, and fertile in device, tho Disunionists
of Georgia will resort to any means, use every
artifice and avail themselves of everv species
of deceit, to carry the election of McDonald.
And, however inconsistent their course may ap
pear, should they accomplish thieobject, the Je
suit will prove at least the consistency of their
purpose, and Georgia will indeed have become
"identified” with the disunion projects of South
Carolina. Yours, &c. Union.
“ The Albany Argue argues that the Whig pirty
at the North are all Aboli toiiiete, because the Whigs
in the Legislature of Connecticut voted for lhe re *
election of Mr. Baldwin, who did not siq port the
compromise measures.” *
a The Argus might have proved by the same
- system of logic, that the Democrats of Massa
chusetts and Ohio were ail abolitionists, because
3 the Democrats in (be Legislatures voted for
) Chase and Sumner; but the Io ic tbua applied
’ did not snit its purpose although the deduction
’ io equally logical. Chase and Sumner are open
abolitionists, while Mr. Baldwin disclaims the
fraternty. Though we confess we regard him
equally obnoxious and as unworthy to occupy
a seal in the Senate as either of the others.
The Charleston Journal & Medical Re
view.—The July number of this invaluable
medical periodical, is on our table. In addi
tion to its usual variety of original communi
cations, reviews, bibliographical notices, ed
itorials and miscellaneous matter, thia number
contains the proceedings of the American
Medical Association, assembled in Charleston
last May, together wi h a description of an ex
cursion of the members of the association up
the Cooperand Ashley rivers.
This is a valuable periodical, and should be
on the shelf of every Southern physician who
wishes to keep pace with the science and be
useful in the profession. It is published in
Charleston, by Walker &, James,semi-mouths
ly, at $4 per annum in advance, and edited by
Dra. Cain and Porcher.
Fire In Rome*
The following account of the fire in Romo,
which destroyed tha Depots of the Rome Rail
road and Steamboat Companies is extracted
from a private latter to a House in this city.
There is, we learn, no doubt that it was the
work of incendiaries:
Rome, July 14.
Our Depots are both barned to the ground.
Yesterday (Sunday) morning, about half past one
o’clock, we were aroused from our sleep to witness
a scene wich we little expected whan we 'ay down.
The River Depct was on fire and burning within
20 feet of where we were lying, and burning so
rapidly that it was wilb much difficulty we saved
our most important books and papers. The loss of
the Bailroad Company will be from 10 to 15,000 dol
lars.
° Other parties suffer some, but not a great deal.
“ Yours, Ac.”
From ths Christian Index,
Premium Essays —A premium of at least
fifty dollars is offered, for the De st essay on the
Duties of Pastors to their churches; and an
other premium of equal amount, for the best
essay on the duties of Churches to their Pas
tors. Competitors for these premiums, most
present their essays to the Committee of
Award, on or before the first day of December
next. A fictitious signature should be affixed
to each essay, and a sealed envelope, contain
ing the true name of the author, accompany it*
AH the essays which do not obtain a premium,
will remain with the seals unbroken, subject to
the orders of the writers.
In behalf of the Committee of Award,
J. L. Dauu.
Penfield, June 27, 1850
Powell, the Democratic candidate for Gov
ernor in Kentucky, take* s rong ground in
favor of the Compromise measures, and de
clares that the administration of the General
Government, “although managed by Whigs,
is conducted upon strictly Democratic princi
ples.”
ANew Confederacy.—Three of the Cen
tral American States, viz, Nicaragua, San Sal
vador, and Honduias, have entered into a
confederation for the purpose of Foreign Rela
tions, and have established their seat of Gov*
ernment at Leon, formerly the seat of Govern
ment of Nicaragua, which is now changed to
Managua, situated on the Western shore of
Lake Leon. It is believed that Costa Rica and
Guatemala will come into thio confederation.
Adam Brooks, the notorious abolition lecturer
from Ohio, was arrested in Montgomery coun
ty, North Carolina, on Sunday, Jane 15, and
lodged in the county jail at Troy, to await his
tjiaMor aa offence against tha lawg as tbs
t i I