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2 “ PRESERVE THE UNION !” THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL FOR As we are disposed to contribute all in our power to the estab lishment of sou nd principles in the success of “The Constitution al Union Party” we propose to send the WEEKLY CHRONICLE & SENTINEL, TILL THE 15tH OF OCOBTER, ON THE FOLLOWING TERMS 1 For 100 copies (each mailed" the address ordered) .. S 3 Dollars. ci Aft ' • •*... !•» “ a “ IO 44 CC a*e Ct 44 ** «5 44 « Q « 44 “ 3 44 it 3 44 44 44 1 44 tc Single copies, ..... ...... 5 0 Cents. The cash must always accompany the order. This will afford our friends throughout the state an opportuni ty to place the paper in tho hands of thousands of voters, who would not otherwise probably read a paper. And if they esti mate, as we do, the importance of the present canvass, they will promptly adopt the necessary measures to aid us in our efforts to enlighten the voters of Georgia as to the dangers which threaten the Constitution and the Uuion. Address all orders, W. S. Jones, Angusta, Ga. repohted REVOLUTION IS CUBA. Highly Interesting from Havana. From the Charlesto* Courier. The steam ship Isabel, Capt. Rol’ins, arrived at thia port yesterday afternoon, at about five o’e'ock. She left Havana at 5 P. M. on the 93d inat. with a full list of passengers, and a large cargo, and Key Weston the 931. She was detained on the passage in ol the badness of the coal she had taken in al Havana, being unable to make more than nine knots per hour; and waa, therefore. Compelled, at about four o’clock yesterday morning, to put into Savannah Her passengersand mails were brought on to this city by the Gordon. The political intelligence from Cuba is high ly interesting, but of a very contradictory na ture. We give however, the different reports as we have beard them. We are indebted to a gentleman, who has resided for some time in Cuba for the follow ing items which certainly coincide with the in telligence we have been rec iving for some days pas'. There hid been, as is not denied as far as our accounts inform us. a rising of the Creole population at and ne r Puerto Principe, San Juan, *c, which had been joined by a part of the Spanish troops in the ne ghbur bood. I. is stated that he Colonel of a regi ment stationed ne r Principe had ' n [ o " ned lhe authorities at Havaua that he had but a frag ment of bit regiment left. The regiment ol Leon, stationed at or near Matanzis had become so insubordinate that the officers had advised the Government that the men could not be depended on, and the Regiment had to be removed to some other part of the Island. The au honties have s op ped all sealed communications between ail ferent parts of the Island -once the 10th lost . and all communicatioi shave to go through the mails open, unless written by some i thcial Views and feelings are now expressed in Ha vana, that would not have been attempted a few weeks s nee, and a meeting of ihe Habane ros, favorable to independence, was to have been held a few days before the sailing of the Isaisl. but 'he place of meeting having become knrwn to the government it was taken poo session of by a military force, and, thereby, frustrated, If the pa riois mee' with success in the in erior, it is expected that an insurrec tion will take place, in Havana, immediately. An elderly gentleman, who has been a plan ter for some years on ’he island, and who possessed a sugar estate valued at one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, sold out for one hundred thousand, and came on io the Isabel. We are also informed, by passengers, that two agents o’* ihe Cuban authorities have ar rived in the Isabel, to watch the movement of the friends of Cuba in tbit country. Other gentlemen inform ue that Colonel Conde, of the Regiment of Puer'o Principe, was, together with nine officers and thirty sol diers, taken prisoner a few days eincj , and that tn crossing a rive’ on a raft some three h fred soldiers were drowned, the raft having ca- ized. it is staled, likewise, that, at the present moment, here are about one thousand citizens in the woods, under the command of four American officers, who are ready to sus tain the Provisional Government- already re instated at Tunas, in the Eastern Department of the island, ad acent to the Central Depart ment in which is Puerto Principe. It is, like wise, according to our informants, eipecl-id that in the course of a few days—say ten, a revoiu ion will break out in Havana; for which pu pose it is said the disaffected have already one regiment engaged to co-operate with them, and that another will come over to them on its commander I eing paid three hun dred doubloons, equiva ent to about $5 100 of our currency, he having pledged his word, as a military officer, to that effect.. We nave moreover, been informed by a gentleman whose sources of information re lative to Cuban affairs era generally mos' re liable. that many of tho towns in Cnba are in arms—the present force amounting to about five thousand tff cuve men—that a provisional Government is about to be organized, and that the Queen’s troops have suffered a severe lose. On the other hand we are told by other par ties. whose information is generally unques tionable, that the insurrection at Pr nc pe is an affair that has created no alarm in the Island of Cuba arid that wh<t they term the exaggerated reports in ’he journals of the day have their origin in Havana, for the so»e ob ject of creating an excitement in the United Slates They assert alrothat aSenor Joaquin Aguero had been taken prisoner with a num ber of his followers, and that the rest of the party had offered to give themselves up to the Government if they were assured of pardon. The same gentlemen represent that Havaua and all parts of the bland are tranquil a« usual; and that all that is unsatisfactory at firesent is tr*e prevalence of Cholera, and Yel ow Fever to some extent. Corroboratory in some mensure of the ac curacy of this version is a d spatch, of which the following is a translation, which was re ceived from Principe on the 22d inst., by the authorities. It bears da'e the 16th inst. •* The party unde' the command of Joaquin Aguero had been mat by the troupe under the command of the Governor of the Eastern Province, and dispersed, leaving five men dead on the field—the troopc hav ng siezed also various horses, am s, &c. Many of the insurgents had ed themselves to the amho lines and nearly all the others were wil ling to surrender upon assurance of pardon. The foregoing is all the information we have been abla to ob ain on he subject, and we leave it to the mit-lligence of our readers to discover what is actuelly the real state of the case. For our own parts we are inclined to imagine that there is so much smoke, ’here must necessarily be some fire, but as to the ex tent of it wo confess we are unable to form au opinion. The Invasion of Cuba* information ha*, we understand, been re ceived in this city that the parlie* heretofore engaged in the enterprise against the Inland of Cuba have nut yet abandoned their criminal intentions, but threaten that they wi I renew the attempt a few months hence. It is said that some hundreds of thoee who have bean engaged for the purpose are to be sent to Cuba during the summer in sma 1 numbers, by different vesrele. as mechanics seeking em ployment on the Islat d in their respective professions, but who will secretly provide themselves with arms and be prepared io a body to join any armed expedition which may aucceed in landing. ilia really melancholy to think that there is aay portion of the people of the United Btaies who will willingly join in or aid auch reckless and unprincipled proceedings. As to the deluded men who are thus made the tools of design ng persons, they should recollec that the Spanish authorities are of course constantly and fully advised of ali such move monte; that the me st vigilant lookout will be hept upon siUtre 'gers coming into the Island, particularly when an unusual number arrive from the United States without any ostensible object in the way of business; and it they are ■ot itnmedi itely ordered out of the island, they would no doubt be the fir»t victims sacnhcd iu case of an attempted invasion. The utter heaniessnesa of the leaders of this dierepu'aMe enterprise is fully eihibited ir thus sending into such imminent jeopardy of liberty or lite the poor ignorant men whom they have deceived by false representations | and specious promises, win ;h are never intend ed to be. and which cannot be, fu ti led. A successful invasion ot Cuba by a private expedition we lo< k upon as one of the most b<. pel ess of ali undertakings. Not onlv would i our own Government exercise the utmost vigi lance to break up aud frustra e any atte * pt of the kind, either bv the arret of the par les and the se sure of their ve«sels before leaving the ; Veiled Slates, or their cap ure un the ocean by Amencau crui«er». bu: the Spanish Govern ment has such a numerous and powerful steam I and sailing naval force on the c ant ot Cuba as to render any private expedition en irely mad equate to cope with it So that it would be next to, if not quite, impossible to eff<c; a landing. Were the ending, however, even effected. ’ the ovarwelmte. , |„ t , m h force tf)e Meno ... dI render de.tn o , c „ : Übl. to all those eagaged and wh „ fhou|d f»L into lhe power of he Sp. nish Go „, n neat could only exped an igao»i ni « u , dea h without lhe right or erpectaton to c , (l „ their owu Government lor tie intetferenee in tb.ir favor. la the last atempt, when the landing was edecied at Cardenas, no men could have fought more bravely or faithfully than did the Spanish citizens and troops at that P*a«- and tuay fully disproved .he sd'V ropoits so eatens.vely cnculated of wtde ht *•««. <»*»«>• u. 1 apirn of adventure b. dupoaed / ’ u emerprue. be roaviaeed that At eh t ”, ar. merely one of the means adopted t, P | u ,l thorn to their ruin —.Vat fatal The U B. mail steamer Baine, sailed from New York for Liverpool on Saturday. She look out $620,009 in Amencen gold, and sev •My paeeangen. I Further by the Pacific. New York. July 21st, 11 P. M.— The Pa cific arr ved at 10 o'clock. She sailed from L. verpool on the 9.h instant at 5 o’clock, 15'. On the 17ih off Cape of Cape Pine broke her croas-.ail port engine She made bal a ace of voyage. On July 12 at 4P. M. passed steamer Niagara. Markets— The market for cotton is in favor of 1 the buyer, but no quotable decline Sales of the three days 16,000 bales, 3,000 ol which were talcs n on speculation and forex port The sales on Wednesday were 5000 bales. Flour is unchanged, at steady rater. Corn is in fair demand—prime yellow 285., white 30 a 31s Provisions are very dull—prices are un changed. The Money market is unchanged. Con sols are a particle lower. On Wednesday they closed at 96} to 97. American Slocks are unchanged. The Manchester market is very dull. The Pacific brings 117 passengers. England —Beyond the passing through the committee of tbe bill to substitute a house tax far the widow tax, and a little squabble on the vote for £20.000 for secret service money, an the introduction of a biit to authorize Parlia mentary elections to be taken by a vote by ballot, nothing has been done in Parliament since ihe sailing of the Asia. The Royal Commissioners, the Executive Committee, and a large party of distinguished foreigner, ai present in the country, were invited by Mr Brown, M. P., to dine with him on board the American steamer Atlantic, on the 12th in stant. The affair promises to be magnificent Peabody’s entertainment to the American Min ister on July 4 h passed off with great eclat, and was honored by the present of a large number of the highest rank ol fashion. France— The report of M. De TucqueviPe. relative to the revision of the Cons itution, will be presented to the Assembly to-day, the 9th. It is the all engrossing topic The Pres ident has returned to Paris, after having been well received at Beauvais, &c. The comm°r ciai accounts are favorable. Manufacturers have largo London orders. Riw siik is ad vancing The Bourseis dull—Fives are 94f. 45c. to 94 f. 55c. Denmark.— The ministers of the King of Denmark have resigned in a body. Count Muielle has been charged to form a new Cabi net. Ca»»e of Good Hope.— Latest dales are to May 31st Tne news is unsatisfactory. A proci as Linatnd war is feared. Several petty skirmishes are repored on the frontier. Trie mail between King William town and Graham town, containing government despatches, has be«.n twice captured by the enemy. Further by the America* Halifax. July 22.1, 10 P. M.—The steam ship America arrived here at 7 P. M this eve mg, with 66 passengers, amongst whom is the new Lord Biahop of Nova Scotia. Head winds prevaded throughout the passage. The steamer llumbo-dt landed the mail* at Cower on the lOfh. Queen Victoria's visit to the two Italian Opera Houses engrosses public atten tion. Tne receipts ol the Exhibition on the 11th we e £3OOO Markets —Cotton throughout the week has been dull and prices of all descriptions have given way. American ordinary to middling has declined |.. and the better qualities are low er than on the previous Friday. Ihe sales of the week are 34 000 hales. Fair Orleans 6d ; Bowed 55.; Mobile 5§J. The Manchester markrt is inanimate, and a tendency against the se’ler. H-eaditufft — Flour is in rather better de mand, and prices slightly improved. Western Canal 21. 3.; Ohio 20. 6d. a 21s. 9d.; Phila delphia 21 a. to 21a. 9d. There is a fair inquiry for Corn at the quota tions by the Picifie. Wheat in better request, and prices tending upwards—red ss. 8d to 6s 8.1; white and mixed ss. a s°. 6.1. The state of business generally is quiet. English funds unchanged. Consols closed al 97 to 98 being an advance over Thursday. The Sardinian Loan declined 3 per cent., since the first issue. * American stocks are unchanged, except that Government 6's have advanced 4 per cent.; Maryland Ster ing Bonds quoted at 89 'o 90. The returns of the Bank of Englandshow a decrea-e in bullion during the week of over one hundred thousand po inds. England.— The Ministerial defects in Parlia ment on Tuesday respecting the vote by ballot, and Texan A torneys produced no practical effect. Nothing occurred except the final passage through the House of Commons of the hill repealing window tax and substituting house lax. Humes’ motion relative toSir James Brooke defeated. The potato rot is prevailing in Ireland to some extent. trance M De Tocqueville presented to the Ae-embly the report of the committee on the revision of the Constitution. His report strongly favors an entire revision of the Con stitution It is remarkable for its impartiality and candor. General Fabler will propose a motion for electing a constituent by universal suffrage. The debate oil the report takes place July 14th. The Council of State, by a vote of 18 against 9. have settled the responsibility of executive power in conformity with the con stitution. a provision of which renders it high treason for the President to subvert the 45. h article of the constitut.ou. Freights.—There has been a slight im provement in freights. The Havre Cotton market on the 10th. Sales 800 bale* at a decline of 1 a 2 frat.es. Very ordinary to ordinary. 82 francs. Ai Liverpool speculators in Cotton took 1300 bales. Exporters 6500 SmarLXR and Tzrrible Acciukbt—We learn from lite Reading. Pa , Adler the partic ulars ol an extra rdinary accident which oc curred on Saturday, the 21st ult., in B. rn township. Berka county. Mr. Elisha Davs, a large man. weighing about two hundred pounds, and sixty years of age was engaged in making a small hay stack, and before he quite finished, cast over the side a pitch-fork, with a handle of the ordinary length, which stood upright against the slack. Af.er completing his work he descended from the stack himself and unfortunately ahghte ’ at lhe very place .• hero the frk was s anding, lhe handle of wh ch pierced his body betw, en the lege, and penetrated into the stomach about 17 inches until it touched lhe breast bone. There was no one prerental lhe time but a small boy. who endeavored to draw the handle out of the wound wi h one hand, but not succeeding, he afterwards took hold with b’th hands, and bv exerting himself to the uimo-t of his strength pulled itout. The han le of the fork was about inches thick, and sawed off blunt at the end which pierced I im. Dr. Spaiz was called tn to attend him. and what is almost incredible to rela e, he has so far improved as io be considered out of danger. Nxw ArrLioxTtox or Stkam Powir.— At me press room of Messrs. Childs <!k Platt. 49 Spruce street, we yesterday inspected a mach ne that was taking in broad sheets at one ride and piling them up, neatly folded, at the orprsite side. With but a boy to feed it he turned out eighty folded papers per minute, »rd we presume it would do much more, for we «ee no limit Co lhe speed at which it may be worked. Here is another step forward, and next we expect to see a machine tskin» tn raw cotton at one end and sending forth folded newspapers at the other.—.Veae York paper. [One of the machines described above has been in operation in the office of the National Intel.tgencer for several months past, and a beautiful and most ingenious machine it is It is geared to thh steam engine which moves the printing machine, ard folds as fast as they are printed It is the invention of Mr. E N Smi h. of Springfield, ( Mass.. ) and was brought on and put up in the Intelligencer of ice by him.—Nat Intel J “Ireland and the Fugitive Slave Law.” Wi h this heading the Congregationalut news paper publishes three r-solunone respeciing lhe tug! ive slave law passed at a meeting held tn Cork, not very complimentary to the' peo pie and government of tnt- country, wnich that paper savs were -politely forwarded” bv the Rev Dr King of Dublin. Now we cau n’t see the poiteneu of forwarding to an ’miertean newspaper resolutions insulting to me American Government and people ‘One nL« i f re w? t, ?‘’ Beco “<ted Dr. King I very i-2adavm lh<,, i reciprocated the him whii* in !h* nd l,ber<l civiliUM ihown to i a *"*e«>benng the ! sympathy this country has shown to Ireland we cannot but think that Dr. King and h.s fell I low reeoluu-.nisu would have Ihown bet-er taste had they minded their own business V r. (.««. -Ida. We leatn from a private despatch to the i Bflem nt thi. c.ty, that the steam ship Southern m S P ! - Dickenson, arrived at ber wharf in New York at eight o'clock ves'erdx» morin “ Me N. O. Picayune. Later From Mexico. By the arrival yesterday of the fast sailing schooner Kober Spedden, Cspt. Golding, we have received full files of Vera Cruz papers up to the Bth, and from the city of Mexico up to the 4th inst. The 7 rai/cf Union of the 2d July says that the derecho de or 8 per cent, additional tax on imports, has virtually passed both Houses, although there is a modification of one of the terms of the articale proposed in the Senate and yet unadjusted between the two Houses. The Foreign Ministers ol England, France and Spain have made some strong representa tions to the Mexican Government on the subject of the payment of the Mexican d jbts, which they have respectively in charge. On the Ist ol July, M. Pinaly Cuevas, on offering, in the Chamber of Deputies, a proposition to authorize the Gov ernment to pay immediately such debts aa have the sanction of diplomatic settlements, read a correspondence which he had had with the For eign Ministers. To show tho urgency of the case, M. Marcedo, the Mexican Minister of State, repeated to the Chamber the language of Mr. Doyle, the British Minister, held in a recent cjnference with him. “ If,” said Mr. Doyle, “Id? not give information to my Government, by the next packet, that the English creditors have been put into possession ot the principal of tne debt, it is likely that the British Govern ment will take decisive measures to obtain jus tice.” The French and Spanish Ministers have also declared that if the English Cabinet proceeds in that w’ay, their respective Govern ments would perceive the necessity of following the example. Reportson the subject were ex pected in a day or two from the Committees on Public Credit and on Foreign Relations. The stage which left Puebla on the morning of the 19th ult., was attacked by the ladrones •bout five miles this side of that city, and the passengers robbed of nearly all their valuables. Some of them, however, succeeded in saving their watches and a part of their money. 7 here were two ladies in the stage, and their trunks were completely overhauled ; but the rascals did n)t find all their jewelry, and in their haste to get off carried away a number of daguerreo types. They were masked, and, as is generally the case, were well mounted and armed. Rob beries are growing more and more frequent fc o all the roads. m ~ The municipal officers at Tampico arc making further seizures to enforce the collection of the tax imposed by the ayuntamknto of tile city up on foreign flour, but they cannot obtain any bidders at the public sales—a striking proof of the universal repugnance felt for the tax. At Mazatlan, an epidemic has been raging, from which few of the inhabitants escape. The Danish brig Prosper, from Hamburg, with the new Minister from Prussia and family on board, was wrecked on the 26th June on the reefs of Ulloa. The weather was calm, and there was a pilot on board, but she was lost by the force of the currents in the night time. Assistance was obtained from the city of Vera Cruz. The passengers were safely landed, and ihe cargo will be mostly saved. The brig, it is feared, is lost. The Trait d' Union says that the report which it had previously published of a pronunciamento in the >tale of Chiapas, although the Mexican journals have taken no notice of it, is confirmed. .'iome of the particulars have reached the city of Mexico. The standard of revolt was raised at Comitan Grande, by Col. Matias Castellano, aided by one Romero, or Gestas, who had de feated M. Maldonado, the Governor of Chiapas, and installed himself in the place. The object of the revolution was to proclaim the dictator ship of Santa Anna. Commandant Munoz had received orders to march against the re bels with the battalion of Guerrero, at Tehuan tepec. EZ Sigh, of the same date, contains docu ments from the seat of the conflict, from which it would appear that Gen. Maldonado had en countered and defeated Castellano, and that the latter had surrendered himself, but some of his troops 9.111 held out Tne conditions of things in Oajaca is describ ed in the most gloomy colors. The discords caused by Melendtz and his partisans have ar rived at their height. There is no longer any authority recognized; anarchy reigns every where, and what is more to be regretted, the Mexican Government appears to be insensible to these scandals. Another revolution is report ed to have broken out in the otate of Tabasco. Jose Julian Duenas, brother of the former Gov ernor. was at the head of a revolt, had possessed himself of the village of Candoaco, only eight leagues from the capital, and was pro'eeding to march upon that | lace with considerable forces. Garcia, the Commandant General of tho State, had demanded reinforcements of the Governor of Vera Cruz. The object of this revolt is not known; but is supposed to be connected with the movements in Chiapas. M.Tezano Suez has been elected President, and M. Guzman Vice President of the Chamber of Dcputiee, for the month of July. The elections in the State of Guadalajara have resulted in th j choice of Jesus Lopez Por tillo. classed as a modcre, as President. ho re ceived 21 of the 28 votes. There was ar- port in thecity of Mexico, on the 2d ins:., that Mr. Webster’s reply to the annun ciation of the repeal of the Garay grant had been received. It was said to be a simple announce ment, without discussion, that it would be a easus belli for the United States if the rights of American ci izens in Tehuantepec were disre garded. The trait dC Union doubts this, and says that the only nolo received by the Mexican Government from Mr. Webster relates, not to the annulmei t of the Garay grant, but to the refusal to ratify the treaty* Ti.is note, with out puttins a casus belli is, according to the I'rait dd Union, cs strong as possible, and foreshadows the attitude which the American Secretary will take whea he lea.ns of the annulling, by a legislative vote, ot the de cree of President Salas, confirming and extend ing Garay’s grant. The Ameiican party, under Major Barnard, who rema ned at Barrio, have made a protest, through the American Consul, against the or ders they have received to stop work on the Isthmus. The widow of Perez Galvez, a wealthy Mexi can lady, has given one hundred and fifty horses to the State of Zacatecas, to remount the troops to be sent in pursuit of the Indians. McDonald in Chkrukee.—ln the last Fe deral Union, it is asserted that McDonald is gaining ground in Cherokee —that the Demo cracy will support him— hat he will get as large a vote as Towns did, Sic. To which we reply that so far as our observation has extend ed—and we think we know a little more about it than the editor of the Federal Union—things are going the other way. McDonald will get the Disunionists, no doubt. But the Union Party will vote for Howell Cobb, to a man. Ihe peo ple in this part of Georgia, especially, are compro mise men. They believe with the Georgia platform, that the S<mh can consistently with ner honor, acquiesce in the peace measures of Cong!ess. Mr. Cobb’s opinion upon these sub jects accord precisely with their views. Hence, every Union man whether whig or democrat, will support him. But McDonald they cannot support, because he avows that the compromise is degrading to the South, and yet agrees to submit to it. They do not believe in voting for any man whois willing to submit to that which he acknowledges to be degrading or dishonorabh I No, Sirs! the wily President of the Nashville Convention cannot deceive the Union men into his support. All his petty professions and pre tences about devotion to the Union, &c., aro of no avail with us when we can see the cloven foot sticking out so plainly. One R. B. Rhett, of Carolina, has openly let the cat out of the bag by telling us that McDonald of Georgia, and Quitman of Mississippi, are “ blowing the bugle” in the west, and summoning the squad rons of Disunion to the aid ot Carolina. Tills won’t do:—we cannot stand it, Judge. It’s no use talking about being a Democrat. The De mocracy does not recognize the Disunion and ult r a doctrines which the actions of Judge Mc- Donald has show him to possess. Cobb is the preferable man in every point of view. Upon the score of Democracy no one possesses claims superior to his. Yet we are glad to say that he runs not as a Democrat or Whig, but as a Union man expressly, and in voting far him we forget old pa ty ties and remember only the Union. Cassville Standard. Railroad Collisions. The Albany -Knickerbocker,” in urging the duty ol State Legislatures to require railroad companies to provide double tracks. slates during lhe year ending January, 1851. the number of collisicns that took place on lhe rai roads of the United Slates amounted to one hundred and sixty three, which col isions deprived one hundred and seventy-nine men of their lives, while the numbercruehed and mangled amounted to two hundred and nineteen mere. Such accidents, it is argued, are not only the most numerous, but the most fatal of all the disasters to which railroads are liable ; and yet they comprise the v, ry class which it is most easy toguard against and prevent by supplying the roads with double tracks. The celebrated aeronaut, Mr. John Wise, made a vary successful balloon ascension at Philadelphia or. Monday. Ha was accotnoa med by his wile and daughter, aud another ladv and two gentlemen, making six persona in all. The party crossed the Delaware, and alter being in the air an hourand a half de scended about five miles north east of Cam den, N. J Maoaxine AsnNrwfrAraH Exchavoks.— Inquiries having been addressed to this office (says the Washington Republic) with a view of ascertaining whether newspapers can ex change with Graham's Strain's Liuell's, and other s milar magazines, we sought the desired information of lhe Pest Offi ce Department and hwe received the answer, from which it appears that Newspapers are entitled to an exchange ol a single copy with each of these magazines, inasmuch as their weight repect ively is beneath the maximum prescribed by law : PosTOrrtcx DxeAßratsT. ArroiNTuxsT Orncx. July 18, 1851. Stat In reply to yoms of yesterday you are informed that, by the provisions ol the second section of the uw postage act, all publishers of pamphler, periodicals, magazines and newspapers, are entitled to interchai ge their publications reciprocally, fna of pattagn, provi ded such publications do not exceed sisleen ounces in weicht. The law restricts such exchange to a single copy of each publica ton. Very respectfully your obedient servant, Fitz Hzsry Wakrxs A SacczssrvL Stxah Ship—The steam ship Georgia, of Law's C: sgres line, has been among the most successful of the large fleet of steam ships sailing stem this part During the last year, commencing with July 9;b. 1850, she has made regnlar monthly passages, with out any detention for repair, arriving here on or near the 9th of each month. She [revers ed at least 48.000 miles. transported between 9 000 and 10 000 passengers, of whom abott 3 409 were landed at this port; and brought to N. Y . as n-arly as can be judged, some where near $5,000,000 in specie and gold dust. Os the la ter, however, some other steamers have brought a much larger quantity. Tne Cherokee, for instance, in the course of five months, brousht about $8,009,000—N Y. Jmt. Com . Julp 19. Some yea's ag a swarm of 1 ocnsts was three days and nights passing over the city of Smyrna, it w *’ nine hundred feet deep, forty miles wide, and fifty miles long. At the least ea culstion the number of this swarm must bare exceeded one hundred and seventy million of miiltetw. If gathered in a heap, iu mass would have be-c a thousand times larger th,n the largest pyramid, or > would have encircled the earth with a belt one mile wide. Tbs Sxcrxvarv or rat Trcasckt.—A New York paper states that a telegraphic de spatch was sant from ibis citv to Mr. Corwin on Friday last, requiring his immediate retarn >c Waeningtow. We have made inquiry on the subject, a* d find that no such despatch has been sent to him, aa there is nothing which specially requires his presence at this moment at the seat of Government, but that a letter re ceived from him some days since stated that he should probably be he’e in the course o ( the present week—-Nat. Intel. THETOKLI CHRGNJCLB & SENTINEL BY WILLIAM 8. JONBF. TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM, ISVABIABLV IN ADVANCI. DAILY, TRI-WEEKLY * WEEKLY Officein Railroad Bank Buildings. DAILY PAPER .peranaum <.entb, mail,) hr 0® TRI WEEKLY " “ ’O" WEEKLY PAPER •• » »" AUGUSTA. GA.: WEDNESDAY ItIOIININO ..JULY 30. Constitutional Union Nomination* FOR GOVERNOR. HON* HOWELL COBB CONGRESS For Representative from Bth District t HON. ROBERT TOOMBS. O’ Th « Constitutional Union Party of Columbia County are requested to meet at Appling, oa the first Tuesday in AUGUST next, to ncininate Candidates to represent ths county in the next Le gislature. Also, a Senator for the counties cf Rich mond and Columbia. _ jy23 Jj’Free Discussion in Elbert, —There will bs a free Barbecue given at the Camp Ground in Elbert county, on Friday the UZ day of Auguet next, of which the people of the county and of the surrounding country, without distinct ion of party, are invited to partake. Our Carolina friends are also invited to come. Messrs. Cobb, Toombs, Stephens, Andrews and others are expected to address the people* Our Southern Rights friends of Elbert are cordially invited to f rocure their speakers, and unite with us in a Free Discussion, or name them io the under signed committee, an 1 they shall be invited to come. We sbou'd suggest, also, that they oppoint a com mittee to arrange with the undersigned, fair and just terms of discussion, without advantage to either party; Charlss W. Christian, I Thomas Johnston, Thomas J. Heard, | Wm. H. Adams, John G. Deadwtler, | F obert Hxstbr, Singleton VV. Allen, | Thomas W. Thomas, je 11 Committee. Mr. Toombs* Acceptance* We have tho pleasure (his morning of lay ing before our readers another document of great force and power, in the letter of Hon. R • Toombs, accepting the nomination as the Union candidate for Congress in the B.h Dis trict. Like everything from him, it is distin guished for its terseness, vigor of thought, power of condensation and analysis, and its clear and masterly elucidation, of the subjects under consideration. But we neednotcommend anything from that source, to the considera ion or study of our readers. The eager anxiety of the public to hear from him on the great questions of the day, will secure for it a general and careful pe rusal. Judge Duncan's Letter Wz hop© every reader of this journal will carefully read end reflect upon the article from the Richmond Republican, in reference to the letter of Judge E. 8. Dunoan, of Virginia, now in London. Judge D. is a distinguished citizen of the Old Dominion, who has been sent to London as one of the Commissioners of that State to the World’s Fair. He is said by those who know him intimately, to be an observing and discriminating man, and his impressions of the purposes of England should arouse a feeling of pa’riotisQj, a spirit of true Americanism, in every heart, which should cause every lover of his country to rally under the “ Stars and Stripes, and unite in a common effort to pre serve the Constitution snd Liberty. Judge Andrew’s Letter. The letter of Judge Andrews to the Burke Meeting, which we publish this morning, ought to be read and studied by every man in the Southern States. It is a document of un usual power and force, and commends Itselfto the calm and dispassionate consideration of every voter who feels the least interest in the questions now agitating the public mind. Judge A., as our readers are aware, is a Democrat of the old school, who has never faltered inhii support of the principles of his party, and we may therefore commend his letter especially to his o’d party associates as eminently worthy of their study. “ Won't Debate,” .Th* reader will not fad to note the an nouncement made by Mr. Cosh, in his speech at Thomasville, that he had invited Gov. Mc- Donald to discuss the questions now agitating the public mind before the people. Not only did McDonald decline to go before the peo ple himself to meet Cobb, but he also declined to select from the whole State some one who should represent him in a discussion The reason is very apparent—it would not answer to advoca e the same principles in every sec tion; if so, the game of deceiving the people would be promptly exposed, and all hope *f duping a confiding constituency Hasted. The Disuuion organs have sought to make some capital out of the fact that Mr. Cobb would not permit interlopers to discuss with him at his own appointments. If they are so desirous to have him met before the people, why do they not require their own candidate to do it? II i is a lawyer of over thirty years standing at the bar, accustomed to public speaking, and can have no excuse on that score. The truth is. he and they fear an exposure of their pur poses and the indignation of the people. Hence he “ wont debate.” Ths Burke Meeting. The accounts we have received from the meeting at Davis’ Spring on Saturday last, are moit cheering. The number present wasesti msted al 800 to 1000 persons, to whom Mr. Toombs made a speech of quite two hours, surpassing, in the estimation of many of his friends, any effort they had heard from him. The best feeling prevailed, and throughout he was listened to with the most marked alien tion, and hi* speech is said to have told with great effect upon his audience. He openly invited discussion, submitted terms, and gave the Disunionis.* choice; but no one would enter the list. We commend this fact to a disunion organ, who had the temerity to assert that our invitation to the disunion •peakers to meet him was a m-re puff. P B. Cornell*, Esq. of Jefferson, was nom inated as th* Union candidate for Senator from Burke aud Jefferson counties, and William Naswoktht and Joseph A. Shewmake, Eaqr., were nominated as the Union candidate* for 'he House in Burke. The Warmest Day. —Yesterday was the warmest day of the season, as indicated by the thermometer in our office, which is generslly regarded one of the coolest rooms in the city The highest point reached was 94 deg , and the mercury ranged between 88 aud 94 for ten hours during the day, and is uow,9 o’clock P. M„ at 88 deg. This, after a drought of unusual severity, is very oppressive. Emory College. Ds. Alexander Means has bean elected by the Board of Trustees, President of Emory College, vice Dr. Georce F. Pierce, resign ed. While the friends and patrons of the In stitution will regret the retirement of Dr. Pierce, they will be gratfisd to learn that Lis place will be so ably tided. The impression was genera l , we learn, that Dr. M.. who is now absent on a tour in Europe, Will accept the appointment. Great Britain and the United Stales. — Mother •nd Child, now and lorever. The Memphis Appeal publishes the above toast a- having been given by President Fill more, at Capon Springs. Verily, American Journalism is descending to a low scale when resort is had to each mean* to assail the Presi dent of the United Slates. There ia scarcely an intelligent man in the Union who does not know that Mr. Fillmore was not at the Capon Spring 7 , and yet be is thus traduced through the columns of a journal pretending to respectability and character. O Shame, where it thy blush ! The Slave Trade in the District. Ow the motion to refer the Bill prohibiting the introduction of slavery into ihe District of Columbia forsa e, the Hon. A. G. Blows. a member of Congress from Mississippi, a de cided, thorough-going Southern Confederacy Disunionist, mads a speech, from which we make the fallowing extract: The question presented by the bitt is not, whetk er Congress may destroy property in slates (that would be a boh*, io '. and on such a proposi'ion ro southern mao could hesitate.) but the question is simply, whether Congress may do in this District, what almost all the slave States have done with in ther respec ice limits—prohibit the introduction of slaves as met chandize or for sale. Ae t ev»> tai« was nx without iu difficulties and eoi bar rise ments. He was noton that account for shrinking from it. The question was before us, and we mug: consider it. For himself he was ready to meet it, to act upon it as upo© every oUiar respectful apphcaumi coming from those who had a right to make inch ap plication. The people of the District had the right to make this application. It waa our duty to cooeid er it; and he would go fur.her, and say it w*» our duty to prant it, if we could do io without pnjudice to the rights of others, and without transcending our c nstitutional powers. Whether in the end we vote for or against the bill, let us refer it, print it, and give it proper and respectful consideration. Appoint me ute of Col. Chastain. The following appointments have been made by Col. Chaitaix, to address the voters of the sth Congressional district. Thursday, 31st July, Floyd Springs, Saturday, 2d Aug, Van Wert, Tuesday, sih “ Marietta, Thursday, 7th Cas«ville, Saturday, 9th « Summerville, Monday, ll’h “ LaFayette, Wednesday, 13th “ Tientcn, Friday, 15th Ringgold, Tuesday, 19th « Canton, We learn from the Rome Courier that Col. Chastaif extended an invitation to Mr. Stiles, to acco .r pany him to his appointments and they wou’d address the people together, which Mr. Stilh declined! For what rea son we know not, but we presume Mr. Stiles was quite satisfied with ths discussion at Rome and desired no more of ft. Mr. Chappell in ths Field. The following appointments have been made by the Hon. A. H. Chappell, to address the citizens of the 3d Congressional District: ! Culloden, Wednesday, July 30ih Knoxville, Tuesday, Aug. Ist Irwinton, Saturday, “ 9ch Zabulon, •••••••••••.. Thursday, ** 21st Thomaston, Thursday, “ 28’ h Talbotton, Sal ui day, “ 30th Forsyth, Thursday, Sept. 4th Jackson, Tuesday, “ 16th The appointments for Jasper, Jones and Twiggs will be made hereafter. Col. Chappell will also hold himself ready to attend at any other places in the District, at which arrangements may be maJe for him to address the people, not conflicting with the above appointments. Col. Murphy's Appointments. The Hon. Charles Murphy. l he Union candidate for Congress in the 4th District, has announced the following appointments to ad dress the voters of the District: McDonough, Tuesday, August 5. Newnan, Thursday, “ 7. Campbellton, Saturday, (( 9. Carrollton, Mond>y, •• 11. Villa Rica, Tussaay, u 12. Franklin, * •« •* J 9. LaGrange,. Thursday, 21. Hamilton, Saturday, 23. Gieenville, Tuesday “ 26 Commencing on all occasions at 11 o’clock, A. M , unless a d:fferent time should be thought best, by the people ol the place. ’‘There sre on’y two eeeentiol points of difference between the political parties in Georgia. On* is‘‘a dirrudition of every lie which binds Georgia to the Union,” (or wha: is equivalent, a oiaaaLUTtOM or tub Union, )“for the repeal or material modification by Congress ofthe Fugitive Slave Lsw.” 1 AM OP POSED TO A DISSOLUTION OF THE UNION for the repeal or material modification of that law.” The above precious extract, which we make from tbe letter of Geu. Jno. S. Anderson of Cobb county, accepting the nomination of the Fire Eaters as their candidate for Senator in that district, is rather submissive The Gener al who is tbe authorized exponent, (we sup pose) of his psrty in that distrie , says “there are but two essential points of difference be tween the two political parties in Georgia,” and as he deciares himself opp sed to to the dissolution of the Union in the event of a repeal ofthe fugitive slave law, we suppose he expresses the sentiments of the ‘ Resistance Party 1” of that Senatorial District at least. This is but another illustration of the game that is now progress ng in Georgia to deceive and defraud the people by the dtsunionists. Ol such discordant materials was their con vention composed, that they could agree in nothing but opposition to the action of Georgia as expressed in her convention, and the Con stitutional Union party, who adopted the plat form of that Convention as the basis of their principles. They could not even agree upon a name for their heterogeneouscombination of factions ol every hue aud shade of political principles. Hence, the members adopt whatever names or principles is best adapted, in their opinion, to catch voters in that particular locality. It therefore, has as many aliases, as suit the dif ferent gradations of opinions in the various sections of the State. In different sections it is distinguished by the names of •• Democratic Southern Right*,” “Democratic State Rights,” "Democratic,” “Democratic Republican,” “ Republican State Rjghta,” “Resistance par ty," &c.&c; indeed, it would be an almost endless task to enumerate all tbe names of the unchrisiianed bantling. Nor are their princi pies lees varied than their names. List year they were openly far “disunion,” “seces •ion,” “resistance.’’ Now, the election in November having taught them a lesson, their tone is changed; and while some affect to be disposed to acquiesce io tbe co inprouuso, Olbera are either the most abject submiasionists, as Gen. Anderson, the most ultra disunionists, secession!*!*, resistant*, er acquiescent* in the Georgia Platform. In short, like the alma nac makers, they adapt their namesand prin ciples to any and every meridian. “A more uoju-t, dishot est, extraragint and tyrannies Gov, loment never existed on earth than that under which we live.” The reader will not be surprised to learn that the above extract is culled from a South Carolina journal, and a* little perhaps to be informed that such is the character of the logic and arguments generally addressed to tbe people of that State to induce them to des troy tbe government. The appeal* to the people to prepare their minds for disunion are made np of such round and reckless **■ •srtions, unsupported by facts or arguments, and their only hope is by exciting the passions, rather than convincing the public judgment. W thout att mpting to enter into any defence of the government against the unsupported charges of being "unjust, dishonest, and •stravagant” for among intellgent, well in formed men such charges are the merest slang of the demagogue, we should really like to see a man who had been oppressed by tbe • tyranny ’ of the American government. A government so free from every suspicion of oppression, that scarcely a man throughout its broad extent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific or from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, feel* Is existence even, is charged with being as tyrannical as any that ever exieted I Is itpos siblethat any set of men, however erased by ultraism and a desire for disunion, can hope to seduce an enlightened and free people from their dutiea to patriotism by such slang ? We think not. We know not. For wheceter retain ispermited to have its sway, the Ameri can people will repudiate such treasonable sentiments and their an hors. Talk of tyranny in America as sanctioned by the government and laws I The thing is not only absurd, but supremely ridiculous! There is not a man who claims a heme upon any por.ion of its broad, free surface, whose mind is not laboring under a sort of hallucina tion, the immediate result of Southern disunion ism or Northern fanaticism, and who values his reputation for veracity, who will not rise upend pronounce tbe assertion unt He, and present io bold relief, in justification of his declarilion, the enlarged liberty which he, and every othar American citiaen enjots in thia land of liberty, prosperity, peace and happiness. Tyranny indeed I And whence do tbeae de nunciation* proceed 1 Tney are only to be heard in th* mutterings of th* discontented faction* of tbe North and the South The Disunionists of tbe An*, »nd the Abolitionists of the other, be th of whom, dissatisfied with the presen* government, are urged on in their mad career, by a desire to accomplish a com mon object, the disunion of the American Ststes, although pursued by opposite means. These things should not pass unheeded by a reflecting, intelligent and conservative peo. pie, whose interests, orosperity and happiness sre identified with the preservation of their liberties, their Constitution and their Govern msnt—a Government me most free and lib eral that ever existed since the foundation of the world. Fxfst Fboits. —We are no longer without a ta.'te of the fruits of the proposed separate action of the State. A few days since, a sale was made at pub ic auction of City 6 per cent. Stock. It msre'y broughtv triSs over the pa<, when a few week : s since ic re dily commanded over 106 and at thia pres nt time, th Stock of the City of Savannal is tn demand at 105 and stea ily increasing in its market value. The rise in that Stock has been 3 pet c nt. in three wet ks. The only satisfaction we ctn have l< r th*»se significant ficta, is that uit has b*en discovered that the union of two Sta’es, will be destructive <f State rights, so a hub market price lor our Stocks, indicating a co fit enee in them, is liable to the same objection. Truly our doom is being so plainly announced that a wilful obstinacy is the only safeguard ihey can have, who wish to continue wedded to the belief of the efficacy of se parate secession.— Charleston Standard. Ip the ‘firs fruits*’ present so little to cheer, in their effects upon the Stocks of the State, we wonder what influence the second fruits will produce upon the sanitary condition of financial affairs in that State. That it would be most disaa*.rout to the banking institutions, the finances, and to every department of trade and business, no aane man whose opinion is worth the paper on which it could be written, entertains a doubt. Yet’.here are men reck less enough in their frenzied zeal to urge on secession, and in the desperation of conscious weakness to covet a co Union of arms with ho general government,thus illustrating the truth of the adage th it ‘‘whom God would destroy ho first makes mad.” For nothing but the recklessness of aadaoeo could possibly in- duce the people of South Carolina to adopt such a measure—a measure that would com pel every batik in the State to suspend specie payment in thir'y days, and throw upon the State and community, a worth'ess irrcdeema ble currency, than which a greater curse could not be inflicted upon any people. Progress of Mr. Cobb. Thb following letter, add rested to a friend of the writer in Columbus, we find in the “Enquirer* which says it is “from one of the ablest and most influential democrats in the low country,’* Lui confirms all the previous accounts we hive had of the reception given to Mr. Cobb, and the very favorab e impres sions he is every where in iking among them : Cuthbbrt, Ga., July ]5, 1851. Dear Ct We had Mr. C I b with ub on Suiurd y last, agreeably to appointment. I think we gave him the largest turn-out 1 ever witnessed in a county meeting. Notwithstanding » very effort was male to keep away Iruiu the meciiugthe rank and file of our political adversaries, by circuiting in some parts of the county that tie was nil to be here, and in others (among the mere ign« runt) that an Aboli tionist wuw to speak in Cutlibe't on the |2ih» yet we had between five and seven hundred persons in attendance— not boys and children— but men and vote t s. And nobly did Mr. Cobb sustain his high reputa tion for talents and ability. I bare not heard him before in many years, and you may not be astonish ed that after I again beard him on Saturday last, unhesitatingly I pronounce his speech the ablest and most conclusive argument of justification and sell defence upon the Compromise bills I ever heard. He uiadj no vulgar apjasals to the passions, indulged in no vindictiveness of feelings towards his oppo nents, threw back no hard names and abuse in re ply to his revilers—bu: with calmness and goo.j feeling, with clearness and with eloquence, he en lightened their minds that their convictions mijiht follow. His honesty and sincerity of purpose, beam ing from every feature of his co. ntenance, make the finest imaginable impression upon the mindsand hearts of the people, fake him all in all, he is the ablest man of hie age in Georgia. He made a fine impression incur county, and his speech cannot fail to add much to our strengih. I have seen several who voted against us in Novem ber last, that were brought to see their errors. I was in Lumj kin with him, he made an able speech there, and I saw as many as three of the first citizens in the county, old friends of mine, who Lave been here to us, who came out on Friday and tcld me they were satisfied, and should vote for Cobb. In this county we shall give him a majority of 200 votes certain, and if we exert ourselves, which we are certain to do, we can swell tbat majority to 250 or 300. To the astonishment of the disunionists, Mr. Cobb discusses the doctrine of secession, and about the time he concludes upon this branch of his subject, he bas then swept from under them every pretext, every possible phantom upon which they re ly to delude the people into the overthrow of their Government. I was not a little amused to hear them whisper through his auditory: 1 0, be dare not come out upon Secession ; we only want to hear him upen the doctrine of Secession, the right of seces sion,” <&c. Well, thev did hear him upon Secession, and much to their chagrin and discomleilurs. And ’bey heard from him too about the Georgia Conven tion, and standing by what our noble State bas done —who can stand upon the Georgia platform and who cannot, who dare not, who intend not. Gov. McDonald will hardly venture Io follow in his wake. Nothing would suit us better thin that be should do so; for the people really wish to know how it is that McDonald through the bloom and strength of his political manhood, a staunch Feder alist, oposed to the rights of the States, denying the eight cf secession in a State, and avowing the veriest c msoiidatton doctrines tbat ever fell frem the lips of Pinckney h<mself, has now become the only ortho dox teacher of Republican principles in all our land ! the only safe exponent of the rights cf Georgia ! Yours tru'v. ♦ * Important Discovery. It has, since the invention of Railroads, been a disideraiutn of the first magnitude in connexion therewith, to discover some princi ple of motive power by which heavy grades, moisture of the rail, ice and frost might be overcome, without a resort, as now, to such immense super incumbent weigh* to produce adhesion. This subject has long engaged the attention of scientific men, and we are rejoiced to learn, from the Paris correspor dent of the “Southern Literary Mett mg er," a man said to possess enlarged sagacity and fine opportunities of observation, and withal reliable, that the discovery has probably been made. We sub join an extract which furnishes an interesting account of the invention : “ I have just read an interesting scientific article from the pen of Leon Faucauli, the dist nguisbed young French savan. whose name, aa author of the Leiul’ful experiment with the pendulum by which the earth’s rotation, is familiar to all intelligent per sons on both sides of the Atlantic. He gives an ac count cf a communication made recently to the Academy of Sciences upon a subject which possess ea peculiar interest in the United States, where rail road transportation, has reached such gigantic pro portions, and is so rapidly progressing. I must give a hint of it to the practical and scientific men of our own country, sure that they will promptly seize the idea, subject it to intelligent, fair, rigorous experi ment, and if it be valuable, will be reaping for them selves its benefit, and demons'rating to the world its value long before it will live left in France the domain of theory for that of fact. “ M. Nik les, a French chemist of some note, thinks that he has discovered one of the great desi derata of mechanics, vic. a mr’e of preventing the wheels of a locomotive engine from slipping upon the rails when attempting to draw a too heavy weight up an acclivity, or when the rails are wet or c vered with fruat. M. Nik les ceases to rely upon the pressure of weight to produce the necessary adhesion of the driving wheels with the rails. Electro magnetism is his agent. After many ex periments he professes to have succeeded in realizing a simple construction, by means of which he trans forms the driving wheels into electro-magnets acting instantly upon the rail. The apparatus of M. Nik les does not magnetiz? ths whole of the two driving wheels, but concentrates the magnetic power of an electrical current upon that p rtion of the wheel which at the instant touches the rai , that is to say, he establishes at the point of contact of the wheel with the rail a fixed bobin of wire conductor, which acts temporarily upon the iron of the wheel and magnetises successively the different portions of its circumference attiie very instant they present themselves for application upon the rail. However great may be the velocity of rotation, the portion of th* wheel’sciicumference which’s magna'ized re mains fixed, and al ways occupies ‘exactly the posi lion most favorable for producing the maximum of effect. Taking to excite the electrical current sixteen pairs of Bunsen, and operating upon locomotive wheels of 1 metre, 1 ) centimetres, (3 feet, 7,308 inches) diameter wozking upon an inclination of 200 millimetres (7 87.400 inches) per metre (3 feet 3.371 inches) magnetism is developed which pro duces 450 kikgraiumes (992,572 los. avoirdupoiv) of adhesion wh’ch represents an average of 4500 kilogrammes (9,925,714 lbs. avoirdupois) of extra weight. “ The rapidity of rotation does not, however great it may be, effect the communicati n of magneism. This is understood when one considers the rapidity of the transmission of electricity end the instantane outness of its magnetising action. The pressure produced by magnetism is much preferable to that (brained by the we'ght cf the locomotive in that it is always perpendicular to the rails, and preserves its whole vir ue whatever he the inclination of the plane upon which the experiment is being operated. The conditions of the atmosphere, rain, fogs, so fc rioisly prejudicial to the adhesion produced by weight do nut perceptibly affect magnetic adhesion Experience has proved that no greater tractive force is excited by a locomotive whose wheels have been magnetised, than by one whose wheels remain in the natural state : and evidently the solidity of the road has nothing to apprehend from the presence of an impouderable agent. “ The galvanic battery employed for magnetizing in the manner ab*.ve described the driving wheels of a locomot've, may at 'he same time be utilized in various other ways. Il miy be made to give power to a new species of check or stop (an electrofrein) possessing over the modes in ordinary use for stop ping trains, the incontestable advantage if acting solely upon the rails, the effect of which is intq lali ty of wear, seriously impairing after a while the circularity of the wheels. At night, the piles notin actual use may be employed for the production of signals by light, visible at immense distances.” Fourth Congressional District* The Convention at Newnan, which nomi nated J mo. D. Stell, Eaq., of Fayette county, as the candidate of the Disunion party of the fourth District for Congress, must have pre sented a fine scene for an Artist, if we may draw conclusions from the sketch of the proceedings furnished by the Banner, publish ed there. ** It s»ems, says the Journal if Met t eng er, that the names of several persons were before the Convention ; among others, that of Gen. Haralson. The Genera!, like the hon est Dutchman, had “ had plenty of vote, but no elect”—he bad the h'ghest number of bal lots, but not a majority. A motion was made to n inmate him by acclamation; but, the Banner says, the note came upon the ears of the body Lite the sharp peah of the “ many voiced thunder,” The General had foreseen the coining storm, and ordered bis friends not to place him before the body ; but they per sisted. A delegate from Meriwether openly proclaimed that “he had come there instruc ted to vote for no man who was not a member of the Southern Righto Party! Accordingly the chairman of the military commi tee was ignominiously drummed out of camp because be was not a efficiently open ditunioniet; while another of the delegates to :he Nish rille Convention was duly declared the can didate of the McDonald party of the fourth district. Verily, the curtain rises; and the horrid visage of disunion begins gradually to appear in all its naked deformity. Cultivation of Cotton in Turkey.—The Milan Gazette of 22 J nltimo, states that the Ottoman Minister of Commerce, Agriculture and Public Works, has sent a considerable quanti y of cotton seed to Smyrna, Cerzirian and Yem Sheir, io Macedonia, with strong recommendation to the authorities to encour age the cultivation of that precious plant to the utmost of their Cheflaw Plank Road —lt affords us (says the Cheraw Gazette of 22d inst,) the most un alloyed pleasure to announce to the public, the cheering fact, that the capital stock, $25,000, of a Company, to build a Plank Road, from this place to the North Carolina line, has been all promptly taken by our Citizens. The im media e construction of this important line of improvement, therefore, is secured beyond a con ingency. A meeting of the Stockhold ers will be held, on Monday next, for the organisation of h 8 Company, and the elec ion of office's. _ __ Jas. A. Meriwethkb, William Tubnkr, Ws D. Terril and B. B. Odum, have been appointed delegates to represent the Constitu tional Union Party of Putnam County in the Congressional Convention, for the 7th Dis trict, to be held m Sparta. LETTER OF JUDGE ANDREWS. Washington, July 23d, 1851. To Messrs. George Stapleton. P. B. Connelly, Dr. P. S. I.ernle, John Alexander, John W. Bothwell, Jno. P. C. Whitehead, E. B. Gresham, Daily Carpenter, and Dr. T. A. Parsons. Yours of the 4th inst., inviting me to a pub lic dinner to be given at Davis* Spring, in Burke couuty, on the 26th inst., has been re ceived. 1 shall be unable to attend. I am glad, gentlemen, to see you in the field against the spirit that seems determined to sub vert our government. There is a powerful parly among us, propagating disaffection to the government, with a zed, which if employed in diffusing Christianity among mankind, would soon christianise the world. They are but pre paring the public mind for the first pretext that may offer to do that which they attempted, but failed in effecting, twelve months since. So long as some hoped, and the patriot fear ed, the passage of the Wilmot Proviso, they resolved that: “The people of the South do not ask of Congress to establish the insf'tution of Slavery in any of the Territories tbat may be acquired by the United States. They simply require that the inhabitants of each Territory shall be free to determine for them selves whether the institution of slavery shall or •hall not form a part of their social system.’* (See resolutions cf democratic convention at Milledgeville, Dec 1847, and in 1848.) When the North wai almost unanimous for the proviso, and it seemed impossible to pre vent its passage, the Disunioniats were willing to place the existence of the government on that issue, as it promised a good reason for dissolving the Union. Then, it was thought politic, and compatible with the highest state honor to resolve that “the people of the South do not a;k Congress to establish the in stitution of Slavery in any of the Territories that may be acquired by the United States ” But now, because Congress did not establish Slavery in New Mexico, a “territory that (has been) acquired by the United States,” the South, it would seem, has been deg*aded. if it be degradation because the minority cannot force the majority to pass a law, sure it was greater degradation for that minority to a-k for its passage. Then, it war thought patriotic and honorable to resolve that the South “sim ply require that the inhabitants of each Terri tory should be free to determine for themselves whether the institution of slavery should or should not form a part of their social system.” But now, necause Congress has complied with such request, by declaring in the compromise acta that such acquired Territories should be free to determine for themselves whether the institution of slavery shall or shall not form a par; of their social sys etn, the South has, sav the Disunionists. been degraded. If so, then did the great democratic party in all its last large conventions, ask for degradation, ask for humiliation, ask for inequality. If it asked for what was then right honorable and patriot ic, t eing granted, it is still right, honorable and patriotic. But being grant’d, it is no longer a pretext for dissolv ng me Union. There is the real objection with the malcontents Notbecause of the withholding, but in granting the right So long as justice is rendered to the South, the loyalty and patriotism of her people cannot be shaken, and it is that loyalty and fidelity to the Union, the result of the action of the govern mem, rendered according to our own request, that disturbs them. Hence they accuse the North for passing the compromise, tho.igh a majority oi the votes of the free Slates weie against, and a majority ol the slave States for it. Thinking more capital can be tn ide against the Union, by accusing the Yankees, they charge the North with a Southern measure. We were willing to take the Territory from Mexico as we found it. Such as we fought fur and bought we have. And however right it might have been to repeal the emancipat on laws of Mexico, no one at the South asked i:, until it was thought its refusal would be a pre tex* for disrup'ion. And however just it may have been, the minority cannot expect to ever turn the government because the majori ty have taken them at their word, and chus-rn to exercise their constitutional right of voting as they may think proper, now that the minority have changed thair minds. The complaint is, not that the majority have passed an unjust, but refused the passage us a just law Finding the case made fur a dissolution of the Union was demolished by the North abandoning the Wilmot Proviso, and the government granting their request, when they met at Nashville, in November 1850, the disunionists assumed s ground for setting up an independent Southern Confederacy that could not be •aken from them by concession. By the fifth resolution of that body, they recoin mend the eat ing of a convention of the slave holding States, among other things, ‘to deliberate and act wi.h the view and intention of restoring the constitutional rights of the South, and if net to provide for their future safety and independence.” They were very careful not to state what those constitu .ional rights were, if they meant any thing, it must have been a repeal of the compromise, but could they expect a Southern Convention to ask for the repeal of an *ct passed by Southern votes. How expect Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri, in convention, to ask the repeal of an act that their members, in Congress, vo ted for, almost unanimously T I presume that body meant by “the constitutional rights of the South,” every thing that could not, and should not, be granted; so th.>t they could provide lor the futnre independence ol th* South. That was the alternative aimed at, and hence the other was put so as to be made unattainable Will they say what those “constitutional rights” are, wit out which, the South, in future, is to be independent ? If the fifth resolution of that body, shows they would be satisfied with nothing but a Southern Confederacy, the fourth, demon strates they were regardless of Southern Rights. The great apprehension of the South, so often put forth by the D sunionis's, the prospect of the free States getting sufficient power to emat cipate our slaves by legislation. They complain, and jus ly, that the abolitionists by joining the Whigbin one state, in consider atioii that when elected by abolition voen, they should favor abolition views; and by a similar coalition with the Democrats in another, have been able to convert to their policy, some of he argest free States in the Union. Thtt the abolitionists, though in the minority, were able to give the balance of power to either of the great contending paries, and therefore, held <»ut a temptation irrefutable to the struggling adversaries in heated political contests. It has been a constant subject of crimination and recrimination, between the Southern Whg? and Democrats, that the few politicians of the North, who were favorable to Southern Rights, were no: supported by Southern pol.ticuns; that one by one, our friend.* had fallen at the North before the abolition combinations above alluded to, until now our friends were almost prostrate. In this emergency the Union men, whether Whigs or Demecrats, have combined for lhe purpose of suppor ing that party to whom the abo litionists are opposed. That by an unanimous support of those who support South :rn Rghts, we msy bi I defiance to abolition aid. That against lhe abolition minority, so formi dable when unopposed, we may present a Southern phalanx in support of those who will support us, and the right, as to establish a power when combined, able to over-ride all abolition influence. The free States having the majority, Southern Rights can be main tained only by co.nb ning Southern power with t c Northern politicians who abide lhe Constitution, and abiding it, maintain our rights and security. The Nashville Convention, over which Charles J. McDonald presided, targetting these arguments, so often used and reiterated by none more than the men composing that body, resolved to aland aside and let the abolition influence do its work. Let it carry, by tha subtle policy above alluded to, every free state, which the disuuionists have preten led so much to de precate; I say pretended, because if in earnest, they would join the Union men to arrest its progress. By the fourth resolution it was resolved to •* recommend to all parties in the slaveboding states, to refu-eto go into, or countenance any National < onvention whose object (mitfht) be to nominate candidates for the pres idency and vice presidency of the United States, under any pirty denomination whatever, until our constitutional rights are secured.” That is, to put the question prabtically, if one of the great parties were about to nominate Benton, John Van Buren, SewarJ or Giddings, and the other Buchanan, Cass or Henry Clay, it wta resolved by tbisb .*dy to have no lot nor part in it. To let the abolition influence elect Seward or Van Buren over such a man as Buch anan, when, by combining with the friends of the lat ter, we could defeat the whole abolition crew. Now who are tbe spends of rights? Are Union men, who will combine and elect a frien J of the South, or they, who will stand aside and let the aba* li'ionists elect nur enemies. It is no answer to say, they will vote for Rhetr, or some other Southern man whom they know cmnot be elected. It ta still throwing away their votes in favor of the abolition Lis. This is not tbe way you do in your State or county electior.a. If you cannot get the naan you wi-b you will take the next best, to defeat one very obnoxious or dangerous. Now, if they think the political power of the abolitionists so very dangerous and obnoxious, why not adopt the policy to defeat tnem? Let those answer who can, if any can It is no answer, to say th -t this is to be the policy “ until our constitutional rghts are secured.” In com men t ing on the first portion of the resolution above no ticed, it is hard to restrain one’s indignation at tbe in science of the author’s styling themselves Southern Rigb’s men. But it is still harder to res'rain one’s con‘ew pt for the logic of the last part jist quoted. They comp ain that their constitutional rights have been wrested from them, but will do nothing to ob tain them until restored They complain of a grievance, but will do nothing to redress it until it it restored. Tbe, will do nothing fa obtain this object, nay,rather work against it, and then, when attained, will go to vycrk. When their constitutional rights are secured, they go to work to secure them. When the grievance is redressed, then will they work for redress. This is in accordance with some of their Union services. Twelve ments ago, when tbe Union was in danger, they strove against it, but now they sty the danger is over, and profess to be its greatest friends Anl who thanks them for such sunshine friendship? The “ coos’itutional rights ” here spo ken of, I apprehend, are such as before noticed Something that would never be the right thing when obtained. I will not be so unfair as to say they wish tha ab olition ofslavery. Then we can account lor their willingness to see the aboutiosista obtain palineal power, on no other ground, than a belief and h -pe on tbe part ofthe liaunior.ista, that 'hat pawer will be exetciaod to give just cause lor a dissolution of the Union. Finding lhe South cannot be cbea'ed into tbe belief of a cause when there ia none, they hope, even at lhe hazard of slavery, to have one. I know there are thousa da of our adversaries, I be lieve a majority ot them, who would be un el ling to make such haxard, but have committed them selves to men, aud a party, whose policy as certainly has that tendency, as effect produces cause. There fore, fia.ing them without a name, i have called them disuntonisu for thia reasen, as well as because, in season and out of aeas- n, here a little end there a little, they preach and propagate disaffection to this, the best of all government, i; will not do that some, even a maturity of them, may say and even believe they are Unionists. Joan Van Buren, Se ward, and many of the most dangerous abolitionists, say they are Unionists too. All the ojposers of the compromise North end South, except some of the ex* tremes who have arrived at lhe crazy stage of dis affection, soy they are Unionists. Butitisnot every one who “satin Lord, Lord, but lhe doers who shall enter into the k'ogdom.” We know that the friends ot lhe compromise North and South, are do,og tbe work that shall eave lhe Union, and therefore, are the ooiy men entitled to the name of Unionists. Tne experience of tne .*st twelve moatbe nanng ■ ’■ i v ■ -i M-.l I na ' believe she will be she will, when her convention meets. Then we ahaT* be told the right of secession was the issue of this campaign. That by the election of McDonald, we pledged our St - .te to back the seceding State, and all who may be unwilling to take up arms against the flag of the Union will ba branded as “subs and tories.” Occasions will be sought to have Southern blood shed, and then confiscation and all the machine ry of revolution, will be put in motion by men now calling themselves Unionists to drive our people to a conflict with cur government. Let the doctrine of secession be as strong es its advocates would have ft. It is certain that Mr. McDonald and the convention that nominated him, have given as their reason for the right of secession, the strongest argument that can be advanced against it. After stating in their third resolution, that each Slate “came into the Union by its own sovereign and voluntary act, and that therefore, this is a union of consent and not of force,” they proceed fourthly, to resolve, “that each Stale, in view of the volunta ry nature of the union, has the right in virtue of its independence and sovereignty, of seceding from the Union,” dec. It wi I be perceived that the right is put on the ground, that coming into the contract of union voluntarliv and by consent, therefore, the State has the right to disregard such contract, because it was by her free and voluntary consent. It would seem that if she had been decoyed into the Union by fraud, or forced by violence, a State might offer that as a reason why she should be permitted to depart in peace. Before this, no nation nor age has been foun I so ignorant er so savage ; nor any man se cor rupt or shameless as to assert the r : ght to avoid his contract because it was voluntarily and by consent. The lowest gambler, in the lowest Parisian he 1, wi I, because it was voluntarily 6t3ko J,< part with his last frar.c and g > in’o the streets a beggar or robber, rath er than abide the scorn of repudiating hi* vol jntary deed. The most lawless pirate that ever raised a bloody band, will be blown toafo ns rather than vi olate that “ honor among thieves ” which oinp.ds him to observe, because voluntarily under aken, the rules of crime and blood. So far as I hive knowledge < fib’ gentlemen com posing that Convention, there is no' on—and I have no doubt it is so with all—who wool I, in his private relations, assert the prineip e which, oy tbe;c reso lutions, be would have his Jtate ackn ;w!e<lge. Not one, if so dishonest, would be o s ily us to go into Court and ask to be relieved Goma ccn tract, how ever onerous, not because cf fraud or violence, but because it was entered in*o voluntarily and by con sent. And yet men. who would have the Slate dis grace herself by acknowledging so degrading a principle, profess to be of such stainless purity as to suffer an agony of indignation at her humiliation and degradation, in forbear ng to force her will on the majority. Let no one hope to escape by any silly qmbblc about “scvreigniy.” Nut on y coinin n sen e and common honesty, but the law and hisiory of nations teach ui tha* sovreign ies hold themselves most scrupulously boon I to observe their con racts and treaties voluntarily tn ide. If by “a government ofconsen', and not of force,’ they mean one with out power to enforce its laws one in which the mem'ere can do as they please, then it is no government, be a use no one govern-*, an Ino one is governed Moreover, we need no government if all are suppose ’ to do rig l t an I never need coercion. But if they tn?an the Statescitne into the Un on by con-ent, in voluntari |y ratilying the constit tion of the United S ates, tbat therefore, the general govei nment h >s n » power to enforce obedience, I would in add bion towh-j I have already said, remark, that the declaration of independence declares that governments derive ‘ their j ust p >wers f om the consent of the governed.” Not that consent gives no power. 1 apprehend, however, that to those who deride and ridicule the precepts of Washington’s Farewell Address—the I) j clai.iiionof independence, wii< be contemptible authority. To shorten this letter, as well as the weapons of the argument, 1 will pass over the difficulty of hold ing a State fully sovereign and independent, that c n not “enter into any treaty, alliance or confederation, coin m ney, lay any iir jort or expoit duties on im ports cr exports; nor, without the consent cf Con g> ess, keep tr.ops or ships of war In time of peac ’, nor engage in a war, unless actually invaded, &c Whose citizens may be sued in another jurisuiction, =nd whose judges are bound by other laws and treaties as the supreme law of the land, ‘ any t' ing in the constitutirnor laws of any State to the con trary t otwithstanding.” J will pass over all this field of discussion so often occupi?d before, and take the disimionists on their own premises. Admit tbat the States are as in- ependent as Great Hiitain, Fran’e or Spain, and that the constitution is not' ing more than a treaty ber ween (he high contracting parties. The several North American States, no*, even “United States.” And what then J Dws it not follow that the states are bou id by their treaty as England, France or Spain would be by treaties between themselves 1 And how are these latter bound? Il England say to France and Spain, our treaty has been violated by you. and being sovereign and independent, by virtue cf that sovereignty, I have a right tojudgeof its infraction and the mode and measure of redress I will therefore, no longer be bound by this broken compact. Let her say after the manner of the McDonald Convention in their third resolution, “That by our own Conven tion I deliberated upon and determined for myself tLe ques ion of the ratification or rejection ot that treaty, that I came into it by my own sovereign and voluntary act, and therefore this is a treaty of consent and not of force. Let her proceed as er the manner of the fourth resolve, to say, That ea?h of us, in view of the voluntary nature of tLis treaty, has the light in virtue of our independence and sovereign'y, of sec.ding frrm it whenever in our sovereign ca pacity we thall determine such a atop lobe necessary to effect our safety or harpiness, and of consequence you have no authority to attempt by military force or other wise, to restrain me in the exercise of such sovereign right. Suppose France and Spain believe the treaty has not been violated by themselves, an I that England is seeking a mere pretext to abandon, ot secede, from it. Suppose, moreover, they have agreed upon r power tu interpret their treaty, as our States h-ve the Supreme Court to interpret the Crnstitution ; and they propose to England to abide the arbitrament thereof; but she in ber sovereign will arroga’es to decide for herself, and defies the common arbiter, as well as the judgement of pro les ing France and Spain. Would not France and Spain, nay, all the world, hold her reavons about convent, and the voluntary nature of the treaty, the merest jargon, and bitterest mockery ; and her claim to jmige for herself as to its infraction, and denying the same right to the other contracting par ties as u ell as their right to enforce its observance by arms, if necessary, as tha most insufferable arro gance—an arrogance never known till these days of modern chivalry and higher laws than constitutions and treaties. Hut to parry the absurdity—not tosty ineolensa — of their position, the di.-unionists wish to pi esent a case, that in the practical operations of the govern ment, according to their own doct’ines, cmnot occur. They wish to show the United Stales Government, not in the a'itude of enforcing their treaty, but that cf a tyrant driving a people unwiilinglv into the Union, as the shepherd with his dogs would fJd stray sheep. Now, according to their theory, there is no Union other than this treaty of the constitution, therefore, being en irely sovereign and independent they are already out of the Union and there can occur no such thing as driving euoh State into the Vs ion, other than driving her to observe tier treaty, which, it seems, is erroneously called a Constitution. South Carolina may pass as many ordinances of se cession as she ;leasts, may declare in all the solemn forms possible, may write it on the sky, that she is no linger one of the United States, (indeed in astert iag her views of sovereignty she has often declared as much) and no one, under her own or any other theory of the government, will be found ' o gainsay it. There will be no effort made to obliterate or expunge the record. But if any of her ciiizenr, even by her authority, shall be found obstructing the collec'ion of the revenues after her treaty of the constitution has said, in one p ace “that Congress •hall iiavep wer to lay and collect taxes and du ies, imports ind excises,” &c.; and in another, that “no State shall without the consent of the Coagresa, lay any import, or duties on imports, or exports.” i&c., I appiehend the General Government would have the ea ne right and |«wer to enforce such collection, as to enforce the arrest of a fugitive slave in Massa chusetts cr Vermont ; though obstructed by citizens acting w th or without, the authority of their res pective States ; and that no ordinance of secession by either cf these States, or anv other such like flimsy, nr dishonest pretext, would protect the reve nue in the one, nor the slave in the other case, if the other thirty States should choose to adjudge and assert their rights under this treaty of the Constitu tion. If to collect revenue in South Carolina, in opposition to State authority, be an act forcing a State into the Union, so would the airest of a fugi tive slave in Massachusetts or Vermont, if done in dtifi ince of State authority If by sovereignty, the malcontent Slate means that she is not merely co rquil with, but sovereign over all the “submission” states, as a king over btssub •eats, then might-, it be true that no one had aright to judge but herself. Such kind of sovereignty only will authorise the arrogance of such a claim All these pretences by which malcontents seek to evade the who’esome reeiraints of law and order, are alike dishonest or arrogant. The disnnionist puts his higher law on the ground of sovereignty, Seward and his class on the tenderness of their dear consciences, the anti-renters on possession and indul gence, tho socialist that property i- robbery, the mormon on the brass plates and Joe Smith the pro phet, and Abby Kelly on an opposition to things in general. It is said that if the majority can decide and judge as to the rights of lhe minority, the latter may be oppressed by such licence. That is quite as rea sonable as to let the minority rule the majority. Sueh arguments—if arguments they can ba called— forbid a<l government. Ycu mu« dispense with juries and judges, for fear they will do wrong. You abolish he liberty of speech and the press for fear they will be abused. The right of universal suffrage, because some —nay many —cast their votes for men and measures subversive of public good. When men come into society, they surrender the natural rig tv of a state of nature, by which they do as they please for the benefits to be derived from the protection of society. For such benefits you must run the risk of tbe majority using ih- forms of government to your injury. If sueh injuries become too oppressive to be borne, you have the use of the longue, pen and ballot box to arrest them. If these fail, and you deem the oppression of sufficient mag nitude to justify it, you have the remedy cur fathers had, of appe.il ng to arms and the justice of your cause before H aven. You can no more enjoy the freedom of a state of nature, and benefits of society at the same tims, than the boy can eat bis cake and have it too. Above a! constitutional or other rights, to secede, is the great law of necessity and self-defence. By tbe common, and all other laws the citizen is bound so to use hisown rights as ujt to abuse his neighbor’s. You cannot burn your own h use, if it will destroy his. You cannot erect a mill-pond orotber nuisance, if it breeds disease in lhe air he breathes. The same law is recognised by nations. It was this principle which justified Mr. Monroe io announc ing in hia message, and recognised by our govern ment since, that we could not suffer the monarchs of Europe to colonize any more of this country. Though Spain has the same abstract right to dispose of Cuba as of Porto Rico, vet our gevernmenl. by this Isw of necersity and self-defence, ould appeal to arms ra ther than suffer so dangerous a position for a naval power as tbe former to fall into lhe hands of Eng land. Over-riding all other rights, the thirty States have a right to judge whether their safe*y or even conve nience can permit tbe remaining thirty first to secede from the Union, leaving a apace around *bich we sha'l have to establish a line of custom houses to se cure the revenues of the country; around which our mail and munitions of war shall have to be car ried, and trxps marched ir. respect of neutrtl terri tory. And whether we can permit a fine port on onr coast (o lie open for the admission of our enemies in time of war. Whether we can permit lowa and California to depart with the pub ic lands, or Louis isna with tbe mouth of the Mi-s ssippi, are questions which the thirty cannot permit to be disposed oi by the caprice of one State in defiance of their rights and convenience. No people, who deserve to ba free, will ever submit that the whims, obstinacy or arro gance of one way ward sister, ehall be conaultel in preference to the convenience, rights, necessities and eels defence of thirty other patriotic and law-abiding State?. They will truly be submission States when they decline to assert the right to judge whether the secession of such malcontent State will be compatible with their interests and safety. If a territory, ex tending into our country, and occupying a position as ia portaQt aa some of the States, belonged to a foreign power, could not be purchased, our people would lee 1 justified, by this law of necessity, w> annex **• * a why not retain, being annexed under the Constitu tion? Now, whether routb Cora ma is of cense quer.ee enough to make “ imponsr.t to the safety and rights of tbe Other State, that she should rtmatn in the Union, may be eery questionable to every one except herself. She couid not be much missed «x --cepr in her power *ad capacity to engender and neo peg*, struo. let piss unnoticed. That it s'rong r.at-e i<> authorise such a majority (if indeed one so s'rongcould bt that there should be some means proposed Jo u c end io view. Congress did not make New Mexico free soil; we accepted it as such And do the di-union ists propose any plan to make it slave territory ? Dis union will not—non-intercourse will not —secession by South Carolina will not—the election of McDon ald will not. Refusing to go Into any c< nvention to nominate a President and Vice President, as proposed by the Nashville Convention, and leaving the field open for the abolitionists to juggle their favorites into these important offices, 1 am sure will not. And the disunionists do not propose any thing that will. I have not spsce to she w, as 1 have done on a for mer occasion, how the admission of slavery into these territories might weaken, rather than strength en, the slave power. We are often taunted with the prophecy, not to say hos e, of the disunioni-ts, that Northern aggres sion will yet drive us to disunion. It may, but that would not make our present position wrong. To make a catastrophe, because itmay come, would be as unreasonable as to fire your h use, because, by accident, it may hereafter be consumed. This is as silly as the complaint we often bear put forth by some fire eater, in the crazy stage that the Wilmot proviso has, i • effec', been rut in force, because we have been prohibited by California from taking slaves to that State. Overlooking that the whole controver sy is, whether we have been rightfully prohibited, no one disputes the fact of prohibition. He who cmnot or will not see the difference, could nut dis tinguish between having his property taken by a robber on the highway, and by the Sheriff, to pay his honest debts. 11 tbs one case it is wrot gfully, in the other rightfully taken ; and this e.nbr mes the whole difficulty. Why do notsuch men propose to overturn he government because they are paying a txxontea? This was the complaint against Eng land. And yet we are paying a heavier tax to the United Stages than England levied. The fire eater could say tne tax is paid, and wh»t is the difference to whom paid? The difference is the same as in the case of California. In the nne case the tax was wrongfully taken, in the other rightfully, because by proper authi ri y. I would not have noticed so ridiculous a matter argument it cannot be called—but because I have heard it so often. And because it shows that in this controversy, right is n t taken into consideration by oir adversaries All they care to notice is, that they have not what they now wish. Not only the great priocif Ire of se'f govern.! ent, and the right of ihe na j >rity constitutionally to rule, are overlooked; but ibe plainest consistency, which requires a people not to complain when they have th it which they repeat edly declared would be satisfactory. Such absurdi ties we have heard, end will heat again, lor as a dog returneth to his vomit, so a fool returneth to his folly. And though you bray a tool in a m -rtar, yet wi I not his foolishness depart from him ? Let them rant, the people will reason. Let them vituperate, the peo p e will vote, nn I vote as in November last. Verily, this generation of fire eaters is like unto children sit ting in the markets, and calling unto their fellows, and sayirg, we have piped unto ycu, and'you have not d - need ; we have mourned un*o you, and ye have not lamented. If the people were to follow their counsels they would lament, and lament when too la e. To my oil Democratic friends, I have shown that by all our last great conventions, we reiterated the doc’rine of non intervention, and I must remark, be fore I cl se, that the last candidates for 'he offices of Governor and Pres dent, for whom we voted, assert ed the sime doctrine d iring the Canvass. Gov -rnor Towns in Ilia letter to Jos Day and others, decla ed himself in favor of the Clayton Compromise, and la bored to show tbat it should be left to the Sup:erne Gouri to determine— without Congressional interven tion, whether s'avery exited in New Mexico or not. General Ca»s, in his Nicholscn letter of December 24th, 1847, speaking of the Wilmot Proviso, declares “ I am in favor of leaving the people of any Territory which may be hereafter acquire I, the right to regu late it (slavery) for themselves under the general principlesuf the Constitution.” If it was right to support those who held these doctrines then, not only right but good faith, requires you should support them now, and not those who wish tc overturn them and the government with them. Let those who believe in the Nashville platform retire with the clan McDonald, whose bugle, it seems, is not to be sounded til the fhg of the Union is to be attacked. But for the Union column—if it shall consist only ol the Georgia piatbrm—it will march, under that flag, to that par’ of the field in which the abolition ranks are to be found. We shall not inq lire whether our leader be Whig or Demo crat, but whether he will be willing and able to de feat the enemies of Southern Rights. Tbit liberty which, for seventy-five years, bas pro tected ua under our own vine and fig tree, has be come stale and flat to the ambitious and querulous.— It is too pa eive. They wish to break the humdrum of peace and contentment. They wish the liberty of ener.achment, the liberty of disturbin’ the repose and contentment of others, and finally, the liberty of cutting their neighbor’s throats. Suppose—as some try to persuade us—the Union were ont of danger. That the movements of South Carolina did not depend upon the success ot the Geor gia and Mississippi bugiemen. Suppose the disaffec ted had ceased to preach disaffection and there were no efforts to supplant the Union candidates good and true, by men who, twelve mouths since, were avow ed disunionists, or acting with those who were. Sup pose all this, and yet, our work, as patriots, is not finished. It is not sufficient that an offender be de feated and exposed, next c mes the i unishment, to deter all others from offending in like cases hereafter. We have no puniehment for such political offences except public reprobation. The safety and stability of the government demand that we should not for give, too readily, those who have labored, though unsuccessfully, for its subversion. The disaffected should learn and feel that there is some per;! in stri king at the peace and safety of society. That dange rous men cannot be trusted, if forgiven. The curses that have followed ths old Hartloid Conventionism are a mors endurin/ protection against the recur rence ol their offence, than the punishment prescribed for treason. The voice of public condemnation which followed Aaron Burr, through a long life of disgrace and humiliation, is more terrible to those who would raise their hand against thsir government, than would have been his execution, as a real or suspected tra:« for. Duty and patriotism require that society should not trust, nor too easily forgive, those who have plot* tjd its overthrow. Gentlemen, I am, respectfully, yours, Ac., Garnbtt Andbewb. Correspondence of the Chronicle ts- Sentinei. The True la.ue..Union or Disunion. Mabiktta, July 25th, 1851. Twist it and turn it as they may—and yet the true issue to be d elded by the people ot Georgia at the bailor box on the first Monday in Octo ber next, is Union or Disunion. If those who call themselves “Southern Rights men” are not disunionists, why then, out of their own mouths, we shall prove them to be the veriest, most abject and era cn-hearted submiseionists that •ver ” bit the dust.” Now one thing is certain, they don’t stand upon the Georgia platform—indeed, they repudi ate it. Occasionally perhaps you may find a straggler from their ranks, who when hard pressed, drawls out an unwilling approval of it. But as a party those men are opposed to it. In not a single meeting held by them, from their State Convention, down to the leanest county meeting, have they ever uttered a syllable that could by the remotest implication be construed into;an approval of—no, not even an acquies cence in the action of the December Convention. What was that action 1 “ That while Georgia did not approve of every measure, adopted by Congress, and included in the scheme of adjust ment, yet she was willing to acquiesce in it, as a permanent settlement of the vexed ques tion of slavery ” But the Convention did not stop here. It went one step further, it took action as to the future. It adopted five resolu tions. The fourth one runs thus— Resolved, That the state of Georgia, in tha judgment of this Convention, will and ought to resist even (as a last resort) to a disruption of every tie, which binds her to the Union, any ac tion of Congress upon the subject ol slavery in the District of Columbia or in places subject to thejurisdiction of Congress, incompatible wi.'.ih the safety, the domestic tranquility, the rights, and the honor of the slaveholding States., er any act suppressing the slave trade, bet« een slave holding States, or any refusal to admit as a. State, any territory hereafter applying, because of the eiistence of slavery therein ; or auy ac t prohibiting the introduction of slaves into the. territories of Utah and New Mexico s or any act repealing or materially modifying the laws now in force for the tecovery of fugitive slaves.” Is not this enough to satisfy every man who is not at heartadisunionistl What more could any one ask, who feels an interest in th) wel fare of the South, and yet desires the preserva tion of the Union aud the perpetuation of the Government. Still these men are not satisfied. “The bakers dozen” of them that were in the Convention voted against it. Among them were Col. Lawton ot Sctiven, and Col. David J Baily of Butts, now the candidate of the 'fire eate s’ of the third district, for Congress. A few of them, upon the final vote, were “non est inventus”—among these were Col. Seward of Tnotnas, and Col. McCune of Butts, ijow the “fire eating” candidate for the Senate, in the counties of Pike and Butts. From “tender footedness” or some other cause they came up like the Irishman’s bull, missing. When the Secretary called their “names,” like the ‘little boy the calf run ovei" they “had nothing to say.” Doubtless, just at that time, they brought tang breathe, mingled with deep sighs—and muttered to themselves, “We will and we won’t, We’ll be damned if we do. We'll be damned if we don’t,” and so they struck “between wind and water.’* IThey dived. Seeing then that the Georgia Platform, is all that any reasonable man, (who is not for secession) could desire, may we not set dowa the opposition of the leaders of the Southern Rights party to it, as “proof No. 1,” that they are for disunion. Again, why the “hue and cry” raised by these men all over the State, about the abstract “light of Secession Propound to them any ques tion—ask them what they are for? and their reply is “do you believe a State has the consti tutional tight to secede.” This is the burthen of their waking and their sleeping moments. The meat and drink upon winch they feed and ■lake their thirst. Now why such an anxiety, such solicitude on their part 7 Is it merely to get a bate acknowledgement of tbe “right?” No man in his sense can believe it. The only legitimate inference that can be drawn from such an overwhelming desire on the part of these men in regard to this matter, is that when they gel the power, they intend to exercise it. They are well aware, however, that it will not do to tell the people that such is their object. This they tried in November, and itproved “too big a boo’ for the colt” and the rider was throwetL In this respect they have “seen the elephant,’ and they have learned prudence from sad expe rience. _. They must now try it by degrees. 1 hey will first get the acknowledgment of the consti tutional -ight to “split the Union,” andtneoext step will be to perpetuate the deed. 1 hey will first get the people to say they have • a right to strike the wedge, and ere we are aware of it the fatal blow is given, and tbe wedge driven to the eye. In short, they have reason to know that with the people of Georgia “Disunion is a monster of such fi ightful mien, That to be hated, needs but to be seen.” But then they hope— “ When seen to oft, elas I familiar with its face. They’ll first endure, then pity, then embrace.” Here then is “proof No. 2,” that these men who are prating so much about the “right of seces sion” are tor disunion— Again, what means all the sympathy that we hear and see manifested by these men for South Carolina, if they be not for disunion ? Every paper that comes io us from that restless and discontented state is filled with tetters from Georgia, encouraging her peopi ) io secede. In one of them tne writer goes on to say, that “if the Southern Rights party, had Had a bar. majority ia the December Convention, Georgia would have gone out of the Union and urged upon Carolina not to delay.” In several • Uwir umdnga in Gvolgia the Fire Eaters ha