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iAji£Ei,Lh w JpWlUilwL. ftV WILLIAM S. JOIYES. Qfanns, &£. THE WEEKLY HRONICLE AND SENTINE L I s Published every Wednesday, AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM IN ADVANCE. TO CLUBS o: INDIVIDUALS seuding us Ten Dollars, SIX caries of the Paper will be sent for one year,thus farnistrnr the Paperat the rate of SIX COPIES FOR TEN DOLLARS. cr a free copy to all who m«»v rocure us five sub scribers, and forward us the mnn®v, THE CHRONICLE AND DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY, Are also published at this office, and mailed to sub scribers nt the following rates, vis.: Daily Pxpsa, if sent by mail* •••87 per anna’n. Tri-Wkbklt Papbr 4 “ “ TERMS OF ADVERTISING. Im Wsbkly.—Seventy-five cents per square (12 lines or less) for the first insertion, and Fifty cent Pr eseh subsequent insertion. for Sale. FOR SALE. MTIIE subscriber effers for sale his valuable PLANTATION con- tainin?Bi9j acres, in Ct lumbia conn ea from Augusta, ’ying Immediebdy on the road leading from Jas Luke’s, Eq.. 11 Harden’s Ferry. Oa the premises is a food DWELLING H<»USF. and ail out-bid'dings, with the best kind of well arranged Negro Houses. Th re is also an excellent Gin House an t Packing Screw There is also on <he premises a good spring and we!l of water The Lands are fine productive cotton and corn land, as gcod as ia the county, and well situa ted. Teima made easy. Any one wishing to purchsst can get any *nforma tioo wished by addressing me at Eubank s P. O. Columbia county, Ga. Any jertou visiting the place, I will take great n'easure in showing them the plantation.ser.-cfA C JONFS FOR SALE, a THE subscriber offers for sale his PLANTATION in Lincoln county, AJfcw J lying on the waters of Liule Rivtr, -L- »ly on the road Lading from Washington to Augusta, (via Raysville.) On the price fa e large and eemmodioos Dwelling, togetbei wi:h a 1 neces sary out ba***diogs, calculated to gi** convenience •nd secure y •»> t planter. It coafaius about ],Oflb aerrs, near 4»J under cultivation, and about 41-0 in the -v<»x!3. F r further informa'iou ccme and ex amine. or a ••r-.*s me by etter at Ray>vii e. Ga. — Term.* ea*y. au9 w 5 J- M. CUTLIFF. Plantation for Sale. MTIIE sub erber offers for aale, jyyL hie PLA N TaTION, four miles east of Apt ling, Colambi* county, and 2U uj>i ro*n Augusta, containing about |)75 acres, one half of which is uncleared. Uu the place is a good co nfortabie DWFLUNG with all t -e necee sary ou'-buildings, includin' Negro Houses, Cribs, Barn, Gin House, Puck mg Scre w. &c., all in good repair, and a moat excel'ent spring; and the whole tract is very welt watered. Terms liberal, and given by or befor the first of Jaauary, 1r52. He can a’so supply th , purchaser with 12 to 1500 bus relscorn. Persoi s who desire to purchase will please call and •xam*ne the premises. Jy26 wtfM. E. HEG GIF. Valuable Land, for Salo. A—jA 1 SOW OK S’KU fcr SALE one of the most desirable FARMS in Cffiy i Middle Georgia, and one of the nsost beam tm an I delightful situations in all th? country, i and n t equalled ty any place in the ccontry for it; eoavetrent arrange nents and fixtures rJi kind* i Decenary far comfort and convenience, gjod water, c end as healthy eb aoy place in Georgia, It being and i ly’Dg in Upson county, on Tobler** Cre**W, contain t log near eleven hundred acres, well watered. About hilf of the lead open, and a largo portion of it fresh, a lies well tor our ca retry That in the woods well ; timbered; nas a gool Mill Seat on it, a large Gm I House and Granary together, being 64 fret long and 32 feet wide. T e land his some excellent meadow. i for grazing. If desired, I will sell toy crop of corn, fodder, oat*, Ac , which, notwithstanding the drought, will be a plentiful supply made, and my stcok o! all kinds. Terms eisv, and to suit pnroh tsers, |y22 wrf J, C W. lINfmAY. ( PLANTATION IN BIGHMOKD CO ! MEOR SALE. I OFFER for sale the Plcntati< whereon I now reside, situated in XX— , irtciunund County, at the herd of Little Mcßean r Crees, 2 miles from the Waynesboro Railroad, ad- ( joining hods of Jas l.aw*on, Dickinson and Mp. f Fulcher, con aining 431 acre* Pine laud, about 135 t acres cleared, the bdicce woodland, well timbered. < There are two go d dwellings on the place, each < with a Spring of good water. t For further particulars, app’v to the undersigned, oa the premises. SAR'H PRESCOTT, or to SEABORN a. PRESCOTT, r Augusta, Geo. BUHKD PLANTATION FOH SAIL , 1 OFFER FOH SALE, ni • l aroffl liberal teima, uiy Pt<ANTAfION in r - t tfepfa the rni/d’e g/OHud (Savstunh) Road, eon- H.o'-j’-; erml r-iry*. - < carffhvp 1 obtton, and convenient to wa’er. There is a grod DWELLING HOUSE on it, with outhouses, Gin Houss and Screw I'lantMion in good repah. Early applications are des’red, as I am de termined to sell MACKEY McNORRII.L. Wsynesbcro’, Ga. jy!2-wiSl PDANXATION FOR SALE. , THE t'XDERSIG.VKD offers WBv his PLANTATION for sale, containing -X- the rise of 3,7U0 Acree, 1,200 acres in -A the wood®, the iuobl of which is well tirb’red. Lit tle River runs through said laud, equally dividing it, into Wilkes county, 9| miles from Washington, and Columbia county, 13 miles from Thomson Depot, Georgia Rail Road; good improvements of every kind, including Grist a a, d Saw Mills. Price, $? per acre, one-halt io be paid on riving possession rhe 25th Dec next, the balance free oi interest twelve • tnon ba fHlowmgJune 12, 1951. jelß-wtf JOHN Q. WEST. FOR SALE MTHR SUBSCRIBER offers for sale hivFAMH Y RESIDENCE in the Town of Marietta. It is l*«s*’ed in a de ■irauic part of town, is well improve f contain# ■bout two acres. The dwelling baa nine rot wb und mi« bavement all well finished. Possession ca <be bad the first of July. For terms, apply to Col. IMvid Dobbs, Wm. P. Young or John F. Arnold in the absence of Aul sp3o wNR! SON M. BENTON. PIANO FORTES. I THK SUBSCRIBERS would 1 rftsjoctfahy call the attention of their "Iff " •• frien !b and ’he public, to tbeii assort ment of Rosewood and Mahogany PIANO FORTES, from the well known and justly celebra ted Manufactories of Bacan At Raven, A H. Gale & Co.,and Dubois A Seabury, New York, which are warranted in every respect, to ba at least fully equnl to any iustrumentu inauufar.tured in this Country or Europe. The eabscr.iKjra weal! a!*u state that the instru ments now on hand r.re riche late-’ n- t-rus nnd and Ir-aU firm the manulaccurero. For • aleatveiv I .v prrrs lor c»sh or city ee.-eptancc al GEO. A. OATES & CO.’S inyl3 Piano, Book & M-mic Depot, Broad-st. PIANO FORTES. MUSIC. &C. CHARLES CATLIN & CO., MT NKAH THE UNITED STATES KsßgJlslV HOTEL, Augusta, Ga., are the only u • rr w • authorized Agents for Chickering’a aaleb rated IRON FRAMED PIANO FORTES. Also, forthoee made by Nunn’s& Clark,and Adam Stodard. The superiority and wide-spread celebrity of these Instruments reader any special reference to them unaeceaa&ry. The universal satisfaction that they have given in this market, for more than 15 y rare, ia gsod evidence al' their durability. Their stock ia always large and full, eomprbiug • very variety and jtyle of 6,6 j, GJ and 7 octave PIANOS, which they’will sell at the lowest sac- TO®Y p sic e*» \ vary mg ;rom 3200 lokoOO,) and war rant them sound end perfect i< •Flly respect. Their Mock of MUSIC is large, and they receive tiresh supplies every week of all new publications ns •ocn as they are ie«»ed. All orders (cr Piano*, Music, Violins, Guitars, Flutes, Accordeons, Ac., Ac., will receive prompt and careful attention, aud will be warranted to please in every MKLODKONB. They alao have a complete of Prince 4 O>.’» MELODEONS. Ike Key Board is precisely be same as the Piano or Organ ; and tbo ’one closely reeemblea that of the Fhr.c-stop of the Organ, and is •atficiently loud for small Churches. They vary in erica from 850 to 3100. JEWELRY. CHARLES <’■» ILIN keeps for sale at the same plsea ■ hire Ssock of fine WATCHES, JEWEL RY aid SILVER-WARE, to which he invites the at. ’fon al the nublic. roh?8 FINE WATCHES,CLOCKS,JEW. EL\Y. ANl> iSILVE i AND PLATBD GOODS. THOMAS W. FRKEMAX, at his Old stand, the Bruns.ieh ■aJtßant, Aagusta, Gen., his oe head laigs and wett .elected rtnek. eonsistiiß of GUI D •ml SILVER WATCHES, all qualniea; full setts GF.RMAS JEWELRY, to bores; Gold Bresst pias. Ear Hioga, Sj'ee.clee, Fob, Vest and Guard Chains, Fob, Vest and Guard Keys, Finger Rings, Bracelets, Buckles, Armlets; Meds, ions, Ac. SILVER ASO PLATED WAHIS, Spoons, Forks, TeaSeta, Castors, Candlesticks. Ac. —ALSO Gans, Pistols, Percussion Cap, Shot Pouch--, Pow der Fiaska. tsaffie Bags, Ac.; besides many other eoc.enieo: and useful articles nor .sated. Hjrmc patchawd all my Goals tor cash, IbeLeee I can sell st price, that will auH; wohasers. Clocks, WrtcMs and Jewelry refwtrsd and war. mated. N. B.—New Good.rooawd smekly. 011-fdw WATCHES. CLOCKS & JEWBLKY WOODSTOCK At WHITLOCK, SILVKHSMIT HS, JEWKLLKRa, Ao. two tan abuse the U. S. Hotel, and ,-a eppomte the Bacu ot Aacuats, have on hand, •n t are constantly receiving a fine assortiueet Afeatt I W *TC H, ''S, CLOCKS, JEWELRY. Stlserand L Via ted Ware, Fancy Gcrxb. Guatd and Fob Chains * Brsast Pms, Ac., de. Tbe.r stock is eounHy new and will be sold cheap fa saeb J"J- w G Wtll«ir« hu Mixtxtteo- I Gee u> REPAIRING WATCHES aad CLOCKS, baviog eerved ereguter appreeuce&hip la «ne o* the maaoAcfo lesia Lcrvloo, sad from fan long •Cwrtecee bo finis assored of giving perfect satis - action io alt who tnav entrust tbetr worn to bia. jyl di.Awlv bVBUra twenty-lour u.feranl kinds, just reesrssd an j taoUeby wit PHILIP A. MOISK. fjotcls. ~FLOYD HOUSB, MAUONGEORGIA. MTHIS W ELL known and popular Ho tel, having leen recently repaired and put in eompfcte order, is acw open for the re ejituii of Puaniere an 1 Trrnaient perrons. The ,»rof netor pledgee himself that oo’hing ehall be want ;ng cn hie part, to make erd continue it one of the mort popular Hotels in the South. JjTTbe Ladies’ Depar'ineut is under the special cire of Mrs. JAMES, formerly of Columbus, and favorably known to the travelling community, who will see that nothing ia wanting to make visiting La dies and Families entirely at home, their rpartment haying been rewlv an*; bea’ifuily furnished. THUS. WILLIAMS, Propric’or, A. B, lIAaTWE.L, Superintendent N. B.—An Omnibus will always be in readiness to convey Passengers to and from the Railroad De pots. JSrThe Alligator Line of Stages has its cffi?c per manently located at the Floyd House. jy3-w6a> F. K. MERIWBTHER WARM SPRINGS. THIS establishment will be open for •s;_ tbe reception of visitors, on end after the first day of Juue. Visitors will at all :toes, find a readv conveyance from Greenville, or Pieasaut Hill, and a four hor«e Post C'&ch, three times a week from Columbus to the Spring. TP Propriatnr w»ll a Ise keep Hacks and other coovet aaces ot tbeSrring F"» t'ts conveyance of bi? guests rrv’3 w»'| 'J. L. MUSTI’N PrnriUt-v. BRADrTEiiirs Ihote l SOUTH-EAST CORNER liiii CP THE PUBLIC SQUARE, LaGrange,Georgia. tuy24-*6n~f * EAGIiS HOTEL, MADISONVILLE, TENNESSEE. THE SUBSCRIBER takes pleasure in returning bis thanks to bis friendo and SJIJ, the public, for <he very liberal patronage here tofore extended to him. And having recently im proved and extended his buildings so as to afford the bast accommodations to almost any number of trav ellers and persons wishing boarding, he confidently expects an increase of public favor and patronage. Building situated on second block south cf the Public Square—one hundred and fifty feet leng — rooms regularly laid off and well furnished. He is also well prepared to take the beet care of horses, &c. Stable large and secure—careful and attentive eer vants. In short, the greatest attention will be paid, tn-1 <>ains f-tken, to render all comfortable who may jail at the Eagle Hotel. JOSEPH R. RUDD. Madisonville. August 3, au3-wtf FRANKLIN HOTEL, BROIG STREET, Augusta Ga., on i square above the Globe Hotel, on the I fouth side ol Broad sttee... n ft-wly D. B. RAMSEY, Proprietor. MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA. AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. ''ff’illK TWENTIETH COURSE OF X LKCTURES in tins Institution will commence on the first Monday in NOVEMBER next. G. M. NEWTON, M. D —Anatomy. L. A. DUGAS, M i>.—Surgery. t D. FORD, M. D—lnstitutes and Practice of Medi • e. H. V. MILLER, M. I). —Physiology and Pa thological An my. I. P. GARY!' M. D. —Materia Medica and The ra peu; ica. J. A. EVE, M.D.— Fstetr.cs und Diseases of Women and Infants. ALEXANDER MEANS, M. D. Chemistry ar d Pharmacy. HF. CAMPBELL, M. D—Demeri; .ter of Anat om v. ROBEPT CAMPBELL, .M. D.—A ml, tint De monstrator. A Course of Le'tures on Me Heal Jurisprudence will be delivered by the Professor ts M-reria Medi ca, and Clinical J ectun s will b - given regularly at the City Hospital. Ample arrat.-aeinente have ocen made for the study of Piactic I Anatomy. Profeeeors Duoasanl Meass are now in Europe, and will return before ihe beginning of the Course wilb many valuable additions to rhe present means lor demunstreiinn in the various branches. For any further inforinition, application may be made to any membtr of the faculty, or (o G. M. NEWTON, Dean. Augusta, July, 1851. jy3i wjm The Raleigh Register, Lincolnton Re, üblican, Ashville .Vlessrnger, North Carotint; Charleston Courier, Southern Christian Advocate, Greenville Mountaineer, Laureusville Herald, Sou'h Carolina ; Knoxville Register, Nashville Banner, Nashville Union, Memphis Eagle, MempLfa Appeal, Cl.aitanoo- Gazette, Tenneraee; Huntsville Democrat North Alahtttnian. Jacksonville Republican, Alabama Jour nal, Tu-catoosa Flag, Alabama; Floridian, Florida; Columbus Enquirer, Macon Telegraph, Macon Mes senger, Cawl'e Standard, Southerner (Kcme,) Fe deral Union, Southern Recorder, Southeri. Presbyie rinn, Christian Index, and Af'auta IntoJigencer, Georgia, will each publish the above advert : >ement to amount of 85. end send account to the Da in. DISSOLUTION. r |X|lE Copartnership heiei fora existing under < the firm of Elvmins, Whitlook & Co., t was This Day dissolved by mutu-'i consent, to take effect from the first of October next until which time the buafae£9 will ha comipued «< ths Old Stan>t, a«d <h« nataeof the firm used by eUher-party far the settle ment of tha same. PORTER FLEMING, J. W. WHIT LOCK, .*- •AaaßwcaeidSSs£^gfcK lt * t _ :.r ' r -T IVA ND. July 22, 1851. ’ ' COPARTNERSHIP. undersigned having this day purchased of Jl John Clarke his inte'ist in the late firm of Clarke Ar Ramey, will continue the GROCERY BUSINESS, under the firm of Ramky A Stosv, and have now oq band a laige and •reaeral oMor:- ment rs goods, which w ; ll be disposed us on the most accommodating terms. JOHN D. RAMEY, jy?4-w3m SAM L. G. STORY. TRAINING STABLE. A PUBLIC THAINING STABLK has /I be n openene 1 in Aug eti, Ga., by A. M. Jewell, for the pitrpore of training Hoisea for the ruri. Tho e having Horses tn train, can hive the opportunity of testing tbsir speed and bottom, at the Fl Kfi'-re, that lake place on the 12th of January. The Stab'e will be open to receive Horses on the fir t < ayof Auguet. The Proprietor can be found at tbe Face Track, or United States Hotel. jyl w2ss A. M. JEW ELI, P. 'i THE MONTGOMERY MANUPAC TURING COMPANY’S IRON-WORKS, Montgomery,...Alabama, in superior style, Hori i▼ ■ zcotai and Upright STEAM ENGINES, of all sizes; Sanin BOILERS; LOCOMOTIVES; Cast iron WATER WHEELS; Sugar MILLS; Saw and Grist M>ll IRONS, of every variety, (in cluding Hoxie’s continuous test for Saw Milla;) En gine aad Hand I AYHES: Iron ami Brass CAST INGS, of all Zinas, etc. , Arc. All orders ia v-, a, w ,2i GINDR AT A CO. vio:vi-WBX.v COT'a.ON, WOOL, Jim-Crow end Hmse CARDS cf the above celebrated stamps, nre ol unequalled quality, and wherever introduced, take the place of ail others. They are manufactured on our new improved machinery, and each pair is war ranted in every rospect. Our inferior Cards —the common *• Wh’ttexore ’’ stamp —are of tbe usual well known qu ili‘y. bold by the Hardware houses in all tho cities, and Coo (dry Merchnnrs, and to ths trade, by the Manu facturers. JOS. B SARGENT, my 10 w|y» 24 Clif-Street. A>u American Sunday School Union rjTYiiK Subscribers would call (be attenli< n of JL Bunday School Teacher?, and al! those inter ested «n the management of Sunday Schools, io ihe town and country, to their constant suppl v of Sunday School Union QUESTION OOKS, Child’s Sctip turn Questions, Union Hymns, Catcchims, Yrs’.a tnente. Rending Books, and Sunday School I ibra ries, of 50 and 100 volumes each. All of which will be sold on reasonable terms. DUNHAM & BLEAKIEY, je2o-d!mAw2m Booksellers. Augusta. Gs. GROCERIES. GROCERIES. THE BIBSCRIBERS are now re- SBKjH ceiving an extensive awwiment nf Heavy and Fancy GROCERIES, which they ot ter to the Plansera, Merchants nod Famdi- s of Geor gia, on the most advantageous terms. Their is just above the rrincipa' Hotels, and they eol-cit all j urch.isers visiting Avgusta, to favor them with a call, and examine their S ock. They u w offer the following Goods for sale low : IQU oales Gunny BAGGING, 260 coils | inch Kentucky ROPE, 50 nhde. St. Croix, Porto Rico and N. O. SUGAR lOObbh btuart’s crushed, groun * and yellow Do., 250 b Java. Rio and I ugui a COFFEE, 300 kegs NAIL* 4 , Peru brand, 20 teas Swedes IRON, assorted sixes, 203 bbls. Canal Fl OUR, ol Urn Hi run Smith an»l rthrr choice brands, I Oil boxes S ertu, Adamantine a id Tallow CAN DLES, 50,000 SF.GARS. of variousq-’olities, TOBACCO. cf d.fferenl brands, 3,000 backs Liverpool SALT, m Sue order, And ail other articles usually kept in the largest Grocery Houses. •I w J. R- A w - M. pow. TO PLANTERS. Til K und-rsigD, dw« ui.l respect.uliv inform the Planters that he prepared to ‘‘urta.-h SMALL GRIST MILI S .<»— suitable to be at- t ached to Gin Gears, of differ ent si»eSj and of ti rect patterns at tbe lowest rri- w ™ u " «|j oca. Tbest * iHt Jl 4 have given the ~ ** Jt highest satislee- T V a tioa, and cants B. ’i B compared with a any from the Ncrth. Please give a call before buy iaa else where. Orders b» mail premptlv attended yj WM. R. SCHIRMER, Burr Mill Stone .Manu&etuver, Augusta, Ga. |al<wACtf ryA CERTAIN CURE FOR THE w PILES DR. HOWARDS VansrAßUß Rimxdy— tra-nsnf«<-Thh? arkle is a s encr Fceptmika f« Pile®, *“ d “*«» ««<'“«'« ““ frten bv a pci cation to the Agent. rv3 ’ PHIL!P A. MObR VKRSIFIGK. tr iSe expulsion Worms trom i>» ha»” *y s ' <»■»■—l2dvxen ic« reeeiwd bv *><>l6 PrilLiP A MOISB. MISCELLANEOUS M- TKR.VniiE AND NEWS. New Cotton. A bale of new Cotion, lhe first of the ?e&- ■on, was received in this city yesterday from the Burke Plantation of Ljttleberry Bm tick, Esq-, of Jefferson county. It was con signed to M. F. Stovall, weighed 445 lbs , dissed Middling Fair, and was sold at cents. Appropos of these first bales of new Co ton, the anxiety cf planters to hurry them into mar ket, and have them heralded through the news papers; we take occasion Io append ;he fol lowing very pertinent article, communicated by a Plainer to the New Orleans Bu/teDn whi h wo hope Mr. Bostick, his overseers, and every plan er in the cotton growing region will carefully read and s'udy, thst tb?y may see their annual folly reflected as in a mirror: To ths Cottos Plasters or the United States —Having been connected with the Cot on interest since I was 20 years of age, i; jw 47 years ago, either ts purciiasor, faqtor or planter, and in ail these capcci ies, I feci more reedom in addressing you, than I should as h ran less identified wnh you, in promoting the general welfare o - all in thia great national staple, by which the whole world are s > gene rally bonefitted. My object in making this communication is for the purpose of showing now much injury you sustain by Iho course which is pursued by too many, and how much you might remedy the gret»t fluctuations in the price which you have to contend with, by adopt ing a different one. Cotton next to public stocks, has become a national objec , und like that of stocks, is as much con’rolled by public opinion. Cotton is not only a national object with ’he United States, as the means of paying for most of our importations ot foreign merchan dise, and the interest on our pubic debt to foreign h >*d j ,rs, but is a national object to Great Britain, in supplying her immense body of op eratives with constant cccupitijn, who con’d not find the means of support without Ameri can Cotton; and also furnishing full employ ment for the almost incalculable amount cl capital invested in her towns and villages throirgboiF. the Kingdom in machinery, manu factories and buildings, as we I as an immense amount of shipping, without which they could not be sustained, and their present value, v is! as it is, wculd be a.mow’ anmnilated. Lis also becoming a iiatoual object w th France, and more or less so with other portion of the con .ment ot Europe, for that portion of the world, say France, Spain, BMgiu u, Holland, Germa ny, Russia, and other countries on the conti non , are now suppos d to con>ume about eight hundred thousand hales of American Cotton.and when we take into view the cheap ncss wj h which ibis precious aricle of Cotton furnielies clothing to the poorer as well as tne higher or richer classes ot their popuia ion, an I how immensely tbs value of die article is enhanced by the labor they bestow upon it in m mufactiiring, may we not consider it a na tional object to nearly all Europe? And of bow inestimable a va.’ue is it to New England, New York, and other portions of this Union, in fur nishing a profnab'e cinplorinerr tor the capital invested lor its manufacnue and to ihcir ships and seamen, as well as operatives ? And is it not caoita! i’self, which isfurni»hed to all these countries before named I 1 think, as I believe every one wdl think who investigates the sub ject, tiiHt it is a capiial to i's extent, furnished them, far wi.bout this sme American Cotton, all their investments before nam'd wan'd ba nearly ruined, ii no annihilated and wha*. would become of their pot r operatives, and where would their vast tonnage of shipping find em employment ? We arc in the foihit of think ing and saying that Great Britain furn>he •is with capital when we draw bills upon our shipments of C-itton; what a mistake is this, , for we actually furnish her wi h capita! by giving her the Colton we ship, of three ( months’ credit; no matter who shipsit, and ] <lraws the bills, she obtained the credit on bilo cf our Cotton shipped t a her por:s, ’ of three months at leas’, ihe average on ( which the bills mature from the time of iheir ( being drawn. And what cheap capital do we ( furntsli those coun ries I have named, who , manufacture it 7 from a pound of our Co'- j ton codingsay 8 or 10 cents, they bestow labor upon it, and return it io us, to tha ex tent we consume of (heir fabrics, a*, an aver- ( age of 50 cents to cue dollar in lhe shape of tfoods per pound. Whit a precious capital ;hen, mus* this be, which withdraws from us * .air we&lth a? such a rapid rate, with such n , fearful disparity between the price wo sell at | and dint at which we purchase when it re urns , io hhj and yet we are the advocates of free | irade. Free trade ! it not a mockery to out selves to call lAin fret Ira it, reciprocal < one between ua and them ? On® dm eo- | uchos them, but impoverishes us But in < regard to Colton, you aee by th© e!Uraord‘- j ?o thu sreet staple, so ue<io*vary . much public opinion has to do with ih6 price . of it; for it has been recently I.ke a great ba I, to j which every cne has been disposed to apply , hie foot and he pit do .vn as fast as possible Newspapers and let er write.-s have a 1 afford » ed a helping hand to produce this rap’d decline , in cotton. I'ne planters ihanwalvee have been . harrying their cotion to market, as i- tneir , lives depended on its iiuinedhte sale.— . What folly to force the article on the market so , OHich faster than it is wanted ! There is no just or reasonable occasion for this unprece dented decline in the price of cotton. There bno mote than is wanted (or .he con I anniptiou of the world at present, though ii ha* , been more largely shipped to L verpool ctirwg t the last se *so'i than tbe immediate denund re- < quired, in consequence cf our own or Eas’.ern i uafiuftcturersliiivii'g partially suspended their i works ; but there is really no more cotton in i Great Bn din (ban Will keep their stock et a r medium sumd&rd of supply during the year, s considering the present consumption au i ex- c port demand; in.leed.il u quite apparent that 1 (he stock in England on the first of January a next wll be even less than that on he first of < January, 1851; and yet the price fa to 2sd- I per pound less now than it waii in August List i in Liverpool; a difference cf fully five cents a j port nd lesa? I Why is (hi-’, when ’he stoca in f « the United States is fully 50,000b’les Ism, and | , o ir American lac one hold le*s by more (han 50,000 bales more, making a d-fie re nee in the < U’ i'ed Statesvf over 1001’00 bnles, which de- i ducted from tno stuck iu Liverpool, will make i it about the same it was last year a’ this period ( Our manufactories must be supplied soon— i consequently they will he in the eariy fall mar ket. 'There will be much less co', on shipped to Engie nd, it is believed, the next five tn .ah’*, t an iu th co-res. on ing live motnhs of la<t year—sav from August Ist t January Ist 1552—because the manufacturers of tho Uni ted Stalos will requ>re mucj tn-to than lest < car during Fiat peri d. B i you, £8 planters pur tie the most sni Ha’ pol.cj; whan your crops I-ok a liule prcomiog, you report l£e prospect of the greatest yied ever known, even before a toll fa matured. When yon have a blo'rn a little ear’.er than your neighbor, nr boii of cotton open a week earlier ihnn com mon, although of f reed or premature growth, by reason of the rema?kab’y hot au 4 dry sum mer it is true* peled forth in half the perstn ibe countrj assomcii.inceitrai rdtnary; and instead of keeping your kw bales oi co - ion which you may gather in Augus*. until af ter tbe Ist of September, to prevent injur.' to jrices in heralding by telegraph the arrival ol new cello i, you sirtve le be first in market even by sending a tnlf ba»e (the fi st new cot ton bate weighed 187 pounds, the usual weight of a bate is 45U poun » )J’o mnrke’. This is all wrong; the planter mould avoid every j (hii g calc dated to convey the idea of a very ’ early or !arg« supply ot cotton, as il is seized > upon a ith the gr ates’. avidity by the consu mers to depress prices, w ich are always much easter to get dow » than to get up. Tre reme dy, the p anters have io their own hands. We all know that two millions of batea of catton will produce mere money O the United States than three millions, owing to the great differ ence in the pi’ce Which the former will com mand over ihe i*uer Planleis knowing how easily and to what extent wices are affected by an oversupply, should, when that is the case, Keep at .otue one fourth or one-third f their re-pective crop*, which wou’d conec( (he evil. The better remedy, however, would be, io plan! lers cotton, and raise more corn, oats, hav, potatoes, peas, mutes, sheep, and hogs; make more of articles for no me use. and buy .ess. By this course they could as well always ha e 10 or 12 cente per pound for their c it on, as 6or 7 The co.ton crop is a’leuiL d wnh much b z rd aud uncertainty, and the labor of ,-avirg it very great, while the hsrds are much exposed to » ckuess and dealt), dunug the hot • months of tt e p"eking season. Lst toe cotton, spinners in the shade come in tie mentis of Augnsi and and see our negroes toiling in Lite dews of ne morning, drenched with we», and at mid day broiling tn the sun, and then say if the planter is too well paid a It) and 12 cent* for co ton. So long a« plan ters s nve to make so much more cotton than is wanted, strive to hurry a few bi.es’.J market earlier than his neighb* r, talk very loudly of heir growing crop, and puMi-h in the news papers ’ha first blossom or the first boil of cot ton open, with a vi*»w ro precedence of their ue ghbors, so long, except m v »ry short crop years, they must expect ruinously low prices; for the spir.ner will instead of encouraging the growe r to make a fun supply alwa. s lake advantage of a little larger stock, or a lit’.l more favorable prospect in the growing c r op, to depress prices a’l be can. previously to lay ing in a supply, when hs makes large contracts for goods and yarns —then he is reaiy for a rise >u cotton, shonld it come, and he real zes enormous proSvonhi.’ manufactures Will the cotton p anter never lea’a to be wise, and odlv supply the demand. There wul be ju.-t as much cotton consumed at 10 certs ss it 6 cents, while breadstuff* and provisions and •noney continue so plentiful, and the working classes so comfortable as they are at present in Eog’aad and ca tbe coni Dent of Europe. Let tne planters see (he result of their fody .q picking out every boll and half boll of i«u perfect and worthless cotten during the most eiiraord’.DXry long and fia® s*a -□ of last u *.umn. By saving about 200/XM bates of *be tnos. inferior trash, (ox op to the high price) among which were and tens of thou sands of uametotrentabte ’‘dug as taey GJOOSTI, HA., WEBNBSVAf iMORNINO. AVGUST iff. 1851 are t ailed gin mote'j or falls and soeds < : n * real v due whatever, but all served m swell the liH’ of receipts at be ports. This I Inva myself witnessed nt your gin hou’ceand on the factor* tables in New Orleans These 200 000 bales, had they been burned at your plantations, or suffered to rot in your fields, woul<l have mad a difference in ’r.e actual amount of money received for your late crop, say abau- haff or 1 100,000 bales, of three cents if not more, per pound or 13£ dollars per bale, equal t > $14.5*50 0001! which you have given io the spinner Pjinces of England, by your unwise course in saving ihe worihless trash—besides influencing tht' coming crop ’o your future fos«- cf about $33 0(10 000 more, being the differ ence between 10 cen s per pound an 17 cents the probable coming price, say on 2500,000 bales, which 1 presume t: e crop may be, bui not more—all this you have a prospect of losing by your suicidsl c >urse in saving every worth less boll ol cotion last full, and by your extrav agant and untrue reports of the ex ent of the coming crop. These are startling facts, but nevertheless ootrue. A Veteran Farmer and Planter. The Slave Trade.—An American officer writing from the naval station on the south west coast of Africa, to the Philadelphia Inquir- ! cr, eays of the Slave Trade : When I was ordered to this stat! n, 1 thought, like a great majority of persons, that the sup pression of The slave-trade by cruisers wasim possible, and I ridiculed the very idea. But eighteen months of cruising and observation have convinced me to the contrary. We are now aoout to leave the for St. Helena, on our way to Porto Praya, with the gr&tlfyinp knowl edge that the slave-trade is at its lowest ebb more completely broken tip than it has ever be fore be n. This is certainly very gratifying to all friends of humanity, and goes toprove what benefits have arisen, and can slill arise, from squadrons being kept on the coast of Africa. For thi'.ty years the English Government had some few rnen-of war here, but not until 18-15 did they use ihe means now in opoiation to put down this iniquitous traffic. Tweuy-seven cruisers, mostly steamers, on this coast, and as many mote on the Braziis, have al last brought the trade to its last “ gasp.” True, they have been assisted by the French and American squadrons, and this assistance has been veiy great, for without it they could never have suppressed the trade—the “ right of search’not being allowed by the French or American Governments to these vessels. Lately, also, assistance has been rendered by the Brazilian Government, a decree having been passed which prohibits the intro duction of slaves into the Brazi ian territory. Thesa last aids were very tardy, though; for the decree bears date of November, 1950, and until the appointment of Uo nmander Gregorgy, cut little was done by our squadron to prevent slavers from using (and abusing) the American flag. At one time, early in 1919, seven or eight suspected vessels, and ad under American colors, were at anchor at Abriz, the greatest slave depot on the coast. Information of the fact being given to Commodore Gregory, this brig was instantly dispatched to that point, and in fess than six nunths two large prizes were made, and sent to the United States. Since f.en notan American slaver has appeared south of the Equator. Tidimgs of Sib John Framklin. —Tho fol lowing communication appeared in the Dun- ( dee Advertiser of the 25ih nil. It will be seen < by tho news by the steamer Arctic, in another column that the story is generally credited n < England— — Dundee, July 22J. 1854. ' .Mr. EDiroSft—Through (he iccdiuu of ! your highly rt™ectable paper, I b-g to lay the ( following import irt particulars before th put> , he. D seovery of the bodies of fuu? Shifo*?, sup* pM<d to be of the crew uh) accompanied i Si* John Franklin O i Saturday. 19. h u!L. f the whaler F;ora, cf Hu!!, J. Robb, mister, v.ho has been out one and a half years, rant ’ anchor at Strotnnese, and sent her letters by. ‘ post. A letter was received »n Aberdeen on J Monday by Mr. John D uglaas. King street, from his brother, Mr. G. Douglass, mate of the * aioresaid ship. It contains the following uffeQ- ( ting narrative : j ‘•ln February last our ship’s crew partially i ab&ndono I »he vessel, and erected a large snow i house on the shore, it being in many respects i more comfortable than o:> board, and uet:er 1 stii.ed for hunting operation*. We Ind been ’ at that time five months frozen up in Lmcis ter Sound. In <»ae of eur exau r sions we felt f tn with a psrty of Esquimaux Indians nine in .' number; they had a s'iglr knowledge of our I ngitsge ; they inquired whether w:< were j English or Americans. On being satisfiad on a that point, they inquired if wo belonged to f Chi-f Frankici. Tno idea now flashed upon j our minds that they knew tomelhing of Sir i Jahn and his crew, and we answered in ’he ’ tiffinia ive. They then pointed to tho right, h to a towering heap of snowy rnounttin?, and ( by their ges urea they signified they hid gone J to sleep. We brought them to our snow e house, when 1 instantly reported the case to : Mr. Rabb, our captain, and it was agreed that e a-party of twelve men would accompany s and probe thoir ACctry to the f<»und;uioi». a Tua p?rty consisted of Air Pago our surgeon, o J. Brown, Wtfaua Bfair, flail Mur r a V , 'Tftrtyrfaeamen,) and myself We had x plo“?r --fulsupp'yof provisions, which were packed f into all tt hot otned boat, which was cover-d f with se'.l skins, und several rifles, spears, &c. We slatted o i our dreary journey on March , 27th. Our route was o eof iho wildest t whichcan oe cunjoctured. We proceeded iu a j z!g zag cottree up one hill, down another, (hen c to the right, t entotbo left, then tn the right < agam. On be fourth day symptoms of dis I content began to be manifetted by onr hardy 1 wra, our feet w* re cut .it: • wot tided wild the , sharpo projecting fragments us ic —tho th-’w was se'tin,’ in, and w ; were eppreh-nsive us ■ b«»tf g burisu by ibe filling avalanch of snow > , which desca ids like ii^hmingdown the ?• des ( cf (he m •untaius O<i the 10. n day. April 5t *, i our guides led us imu a large natural amptii theatre among the mountain?. Afer a jour • ticy of Rome mites wo descried some h ni r • waving over tfio *n nv— >nd it was w black sdk nsndkerchief tied to the top of a walking J stick. We eagerly drew out the staff, and ' commenced operations by digging about two feet deep. Wo came on the body of a man, j and in a few minu et afterwards we discover- , ed three uther bodies. They were frozen ( like icicles; decompuniiiou had not com- « inenced The r beards were lorg and shag- i gy, whda their rigid features and wasted limbs spoke in the language cf nature —they hid died from wan:. Thoir dress was that of British seamen in cold l i iiudes. One man had his name writ ten, cr rather engraved, oa his arm, u H Carr.” Tho rest were all inoro or less mark ed, some had cro-ses i n iheir breas , others aurs,ships, letters, &c. Our hearts sickened at (he sight. We replaced them in tbeir cold desolate graves, and e». up the same sad me mento mori. Poor follows, 1 exclaimed, yut; ; have attempted to regain your homes by au overlai d jmm y, but yoa aru left in the ! d-?*«*rt. Tne Indians could give us no inoie intel.i-j gence. so we re’urned. The most ioasonable | conjecture is a large party had set out Gum Str John Frankhnte expedition; four had thus periled; iu all probabdi y the whole are now dead. [Extracts Com the letter of Mr. G. Douglas to Mr J »nn Douglas, Aberdeen, on board die , F J By inserting the letter, you will obhge, | yours respectfully, Thonis Rxid. Etesu’.ion of the Cosdcn Mir decs's — Wo laarn by the passengers in the steamer Cecil, which cao*e up ias: night, that the execution ofTaylor, Murphy and Sheldon, the parties convic .e'.j of iho horrible murder of the Cosden family, to'>k place io the vicinity cf Chester town, bet ween 11 and 12 o’clock, The expec tation that a confession would be made by •he co d«mncd mtn prev oubto their execu | tion was nut verified. The whole ihree woro , p’aced on tho scuff Id at once, and afe tbe ■ religious service? had concluded. Murphy and Tavlor successive ly addressed the spectators and declared their innocence or the crime <d which th jy had been convicted and averted ’hat their lives hsd been sworn away. Taylor not only assorted his innocence, but decla sd il at ho had no: seen Murpny tor five jears un til he met tiiio in ja I. and that he bad no pre vious knowledge of S.ieldon. The latter, who appeared much more depress d than hu compam ns, made no remarks, neither confes sing or denying hir guilt. Both Taylor aud Murphy, we understand, exnibited a great de gree cf foitiiude. it v’as int u ted to have hung the whole three together, but when the trap fell, from some disarrangement cf :he rope, the noose around Murphy’s neck slipped, and he fell to the ground. Though considerably stunned and his neck lacerated by the rope, the unfor tunate man so "'ll recovered hi? conscious ness, and whilst iu lbw awful s.tua ion, with the partners cf his guilt hanging ! before lis eve-, be perefated in <iße aring hi innocence, and affirmed repeatedly t at they were raking the life of aa iuuocent man. As er the bodies of Sbeldoa aud Tayior hid bung a sufficent »ime they were ak- n down, and Murrhy azam mounted the scaffold and endured be penalty of the law. The painful spectac e was witnessed by an immense concourse us persons who had as sembled from all parts of the surrounding country, 'foie prisoners were attended by c ergymen from the vicinity, with whom they engaged in religions services for several hours previous to the execu ion.—Bof American Saturday. CokxOe x.vn Dzpo-its at ihe Naw Oa- LXASS Mist —Tt e following i- a statement of the deposits and coiaag? at the Branch .Mint, 1 New Orleans, during the month us July, 1851: ’ —.V O. Pic. ‘ DEPOSITS. 1 Go d bu11i0n•8299,421 82 ’ Silver boilisa 7.36*04 1 TT" - T i Total value cf deposit?f 297,286 86 I COISAGE. > Gold—-12 0 .*0 double ssges-* 8240,0 ft) ; 32,500 esi?'e •••...• i>-5 ■■CO r 2>J.OUO gold dollars. •• 20 0.0-8585,000 00 , Silver—4i),lX)} quarter dolk s It* ( ft) 450,000 three ex. p ece» 13,000 23,000 00 ' Total value of eoinase.So.?.soo 00 t UsPFICEDXWTKD DISPATCH —Th© Si- LoU-S - R-pub tcau cf the 2d iu»L notices th- receipt e □ mat c.:y. by the Aleck Scots, of mvrcuin ) disc from Na.v York, which was taken :!.e i whole wa». v.a New Orleans in filtssi days v N O. Pie POLITICAL, ♦ _ 7’or Senline’. I have watched dr.’h some solicitude the po li ical discussion no#:'going cn in this Stair relative to the i?suW to the people. I have endeavored to d* lo partie?, > and ha*?e honestly sought tor the truth, to ascoruin, if poiubh, which ferty was actuated by a desire to promote the public good. On the -ne side, I have obs * ved a fair, candid. . open, honest position taken, relative to men and measures. The Cootfi utional Union party has planted itself Upon a platform that recognises tke it is, and ths ns i* is. On the other h .nd, the Southerii R’gfte party declare the Constitution to have bean violated, pre tend to adhere to the Union, denounce the Compromise, and assert ihetdegrsdation of the South. I The questions for ths peopls p, decide, are I first, which ia right as to and secondly, • in whose hands would the *lght?, integrity and honor of the State be safest. Has thea» ’he Constitution b en violateMii) any cf the mea-mres known as the adjaskoent ? Ii so, io which ? Was it violated iaiha of Califoroia into the Union is a State ? I presume upas this point, the fpinions of Sir. Crtlh >uu will or ought to have ima influence On the 19 h of February. 1417, that distin guished Senator introduced a of Reso iut ous, iho fourth and lastof/VMch is in the words following : . 1 /Joi* “ 7?es Ivtd, That aa a prinpio’e in our roJiiiaatc**e*k'-« people in 8 UffffSuhitlon have the unconditional right to form aad ad-pt the Government which they may think boat Calculated to secure their libeitv, prosperity and happiness; and that in conformity thereto, no aUier con'Ji.ion is i nposed by the older to be ad mi ael into this Union, except that its Constitution shall Le Republican ; and that the im position at any other by Coagrejs would not only be n violation of the Constitution, but in direct con flict wills the principle on which our political sys tem rests.” The introduction cf thc-e resolutions was preced ed by a speech character zed with the usual force and uoihty that marked all of Mr. Calhoun’s efforts — and while the resold ions themselves are so plain and distinct that “he who runs may read,” it may not be roprir.te to give the commentary with the text. The object cf .Mr. Calhoun in introducin' his re solutions was to place the South upon the ground they would contend for in the f*ttlement of the .<! > very qict’j-jn. iu reference to the acquisiti'.n of Territory that misht result from the policy < f the Administration ’hen in power. Most of ihe North ern States had held doctrinesaatagonijicel to the propoei ions laid down by Mi. Calhuun, and hence, wi:h his accustomed sagacity, he saw the necessity of fortifying the South against encroachments that would, if r?ut successfully resisted, Io id to a dissolu tion of the Union. Mr. Caihoun hers rose and said : “ Mr. President, i rise to offer a set of resolutions in reference to iho various resolutions fro u the State Legislatures upon the fill', ject of what they call the extension of slavery, and the proviso attached to the House bill, cal ed ihe three iui lion bill. What I propose before I tend my resolutions Co the table is. to make a few explanatcry remarks. “ Mr. President, it was solemnly asserted on ibis floor some time ago, tbot all parties in the non slave ho! Png St ites had come to a fised and solemn d?- termination u|)on two propositions. One was, that there sho > d be no further admission i f any Stat s into this Union, which , ermitted by their Const.tn tion the’xistence of el-vc y; and the other wa« that slavery shall mt hereafter exist in any of the Terri or es of th > United Stales; the effect of which, would be th give to the non-slavehd ling Sti»es, the mono poly o( the public doinitii, to the entire exclu sion of the s avehcl .ing Stites.” To prove that ! .ii<re was some foundation for this declaration, Mr Calhoun cites the facta, t’.iat seven of the non-slaveholding States had sent to the Sen ate and House of Representatives of the American Congress, solemn resolu T using the strongest possible tan-unge to tint effect; and a bill from the House of Kt pr.-s ntatives “prohibited the extension of slavery to any Territory which miy be acquired by the United States ere ifter ” After showing the relative of ihe different sections of the Union iu the National Cofi cil, an I proving ihe minoiiiyof ihe Soi.tMr. Calhoun asks, is there any reme y. and answers the question by appealing to the Consti tution —an I then holds this language ; ** How d j we stand in referee e to this Territo. ial q ics’i n—this public donain of ours? Why. sir, what is it? I’ is th-s common property cf the ' ta’es cf shirt Union. They are cn'JeJ the Territo rien of the Uni cd States. An.: whtt are '.he United St te* but the States united ? Sir, these Territories are the property of the States united ; held j in ly for their common use. And is it consistent with j istice -w it conuis-tent with equality, tint any por tion of the partner* outnumbering another pirtion, shall ou?t them ia this c in man property of th»dw shall pass any law which ebdl proscribe the citizens of oilwr portions of the Union from emi.'r.iiing with their property to the Terrdories nf ih-? United States? Would tha* be consistent —can it bo con sistent with the idos cf a common property, hold jointly for tbecormnon benefit of alt ? Would it Le wj Considered in private* bfe ? Waul I ft not be con sidered cjiirxge.in the world, and which any Court on the face vf.tiic gLbw would at once overiule? *l:'* *" ■*'" r’--.i- whicirini.™"la•»y We -HU el>.,llt>3 ad* milted nlo this'Union, not pr Libit by | its Conrtitutvm the existence of slave?, is eq .ally a great outrige against the Constitution cf the United Stites. Sir, I hold it to he a fundamentj! principle nf our political eysietn, that the have a light t«; e.'-tabiish what Government t* ey taay think proper for th' in elves ; that every State about to be c< me a member of this Union ha* a right to form its own yoveroment as it pk-ase* ; and tint in ord ' - to be admitted therein but one qualification, and that is, that the Acveruinent eball be republican. It is not so ex ressiy prctcribinl by the instrument iuelf, but by th.it er- section which guuran •estotv ry ate in this Um ;n a republican form of Govt rnment. N >.v, ir, whit is proposed I I is proposed, from a vaeiie, indefinite, erroneous and io st dangerous conce tion oi p.-ivi’e individual liberty to overrule th : B gre i common liberty which a pe r pe have of tr u'.og their own t ’onstitution! Sir, the individual right of r.ien is not nearly so easily to be otaldi. 'i u : by any eouree of reasoning, as his common li er ty. And yet,sir. there are men of inch <le i.-nte feeling uthes ; jyet of lib-.riy—there are men who cannot riM ? ibiv b ar wh t they call slavery in one Fcctian of th* co m rv- (un i it is not «*o much slavery a-aniuo station indi-petreable f;r the good of Doth race?) —men ho squeamish on ihisroint, that they a r e ready to sink? down the higher right of a cotumuni ty to govern themselves, in order to ma'niain the absol uo right of individuals in all circuinstanc.-s, to govern themst Ires. Mr. President, the resolutions that I have pro posed, present in exact terms these great truths I propose io present them to Iho Senate ; I propose la have a voL.'upO ' them ; and 1 hast there is no geailsmsn here who will refuse a direct vole upon these proi.F'w'-tfons It is mainly that we shall know t e eiate of things. “ I’ is dur t ■» our constituents that we should insist upon it; and I, as. ne, will insist upon it tha* the sense of this body shal l be uken; the body which repre sems the States in their capacity as communities, ;nd the members o? which arc to be their special Iguardiaao. It due to 'hem, sir,that there should be a la«r expression of what is the sente of this body. Upon that expression much Uare&ds. It is ’he only I stand wh'ch we c.sn hive, it is the only position I which we can take, which will upheld us wit 1 * an - I thin i like independence —which will give us any I (basis) at all to maintain an equality in tu's Union, ou ihoaa great p inoiples to which I ba'ehad refereice. Ovaftulo the principles, ard we are nothuv* I Preserve them, an I we wi 1 ever be a reepcc able portion of the community.” Vide Un on newspaper, of the I9di Fcorojry, 1 1347 which was one of theseiectcd papers to p.b ihsh Senate debates If, then, the pt incipies laid dewn by Mr. Calhoun ate in accordance with the doctrines of the Constitu tion that sacred instrument was not violated by the admission of Califonr* into the Union as a S’ate. It this common I bettv gives to a people, forming a State Constitution, the right to permit slavery, it certainly accord; the eppesue right to prohibit it. But the friends of the Union an! i c Consr.tu ion are not left in doubt upon this pa nt. Congress. cU/noSv nerhaZim complied with Mr. Calbcua’a tlemamis, aud enacted itui when the territory of New Mexico, or any por tion cf the same at plied for admi sion as a State, “it sh'itld be received into the Union, with or without si ve y, n? their convtitu’’ n prescribe at the nme ot their admission.” T:ie two propositions against Mr. Calhoun contended, tne Wilmot Proviso, and the declaration that no slave States should hereafter be admitted n.’» the Udon, were b'ith voted down »n I the doctrine?, as contained iu the Teso ation- off red by the distinguished South Carolinian .a 1817, maintained. 1 Lave not referred to ths records of the pa>’t, to shew uj ths in onsi-*tency of the followers o* Mr. Cs'houu ; tut that thH people u»-iy understand what these men contended for, prior to the issue that re suited in the adjustment measures. And, if as I have shown, they advocated principles and doctrines P r*. r to the settlement ot the territorial question, which have been fully recogn z d in ihe setitemeat, I appeal to you, citizens of Georgia, to know if they have any right to your confidence in their assertions that (be Compromise bills are au cu rage upon South ern Rights I Io 1317, before .be question involved in the acquisition of territory, growing out of the Mexteiu war, was fairy before the coin’rv the Ca'boun reb'ol cf poli’icians held, and < t. ink cor r c ly, that Congr-wi ohould not law which w uld proscribe the citizens rs . ne portion oi the Inion from emigwing with their property to the ’er ritortes u» the Uoi ed Mates ; as also that every State about to become a member of thia Uuicn. has a right to form ita own government a? it pteaees ; and that in order to be admitted, ’here ia but one q nhfiealioi, end that ia, the government shall be repub.'can. In addition to this, lhat grea Senator Je•-fared, in his place in the Senate of the United States, that co •• overrul? these principles and we are noihing—pre eetve ihe<n and we will ever be a respectable porti »n ot the comißuniry. 1 ' Mark languige, k ‘we wi.? erer be a These principles were preserved in the a- j is'inant, and yet you will find meo at the South that talk about dishonor aud degradation. What are the lasts; In 1-47, Mr. Gabon a laid downs platform ufoo which th* South can stand, an.Ha 1350 the very principles cf that platform are recogniz-d and enact ed into laws in which taey are practically sustaioe •, and almost ibe very language used and yet party r is framed, (rnos. o< toem his followers in 1347,) de- a me vtrv J .Kinoes for *b‘ch we have con tended. Mr. Calhoun ea ; d hioiseif, in the speech which I have that the North held ‘hat m Stale shaft hereafter be admit ed that recognized slavery f and ttar no territory should te rganizsd ’ without a clause probiidiing the introduction of I slavery—and yet in the adjustment measures, about ’ I wh ; :b men are ready to dissolve the Union, the North > | is vanquished and Mr. Cainoon is triumphant, h 1 will not da ior the friends cf Mr. Calhoun to say that I the South is excluded from ths territories by the v»ex ican law. for that naie*ma» held tbe ep,x*fte d-ac irinc, end they vindicated and sumired hw position Tbeo, if Mr <Jai .oun is goxi avthority, the Consti > (alien b*.» eot oeen violated by the ad unction or Cal - ifornia into the Unica as ® state. Nor, according to t* «he £a<ue aurhori’y. has that instrument been infringed ch ibe taws making innboriJ governments B Irr Uuhaad Njw Mexico. Ti>e faguive slave law 1 is admitted t be con-t > n d the la w prohibit in? the iLtroducrtoo of slaves into tbe D«stiict of Co e j übia for the rar? ose o' site, dMs not admi a doubt - That ii is xstitcdocil lawyer will dcuy, and that it is politic the people of the district hsve as tn-i-Jt right » > j<’dge r« the people of a State have relative to similar laws nmeralng iheir own pnlify If ihfii. iho (’uustitu ion baa net been vinli'.cd, th; ’ Union ia not oppre*-ive, and continue* to diaronnn tU its blcFsings and afford protection to iho people of the States in the enjoyment of their rights ol perron ant! property, and tho compromise Inn not impa : red om • equality in the Gonfeder icy, or dojr-ided «e in any in inner, what better security could you have thantc ’ eu«ta n a party that to the Conelitct i«»n a* it is, - the Union as it i?, and the Com prom ic a* it is. But there is one view of this controversy now g ing on in Geor.de, that should cause the people not t<j hesitate ono momeot in eel-cting vu’irdians ol their <i »htj and their honor —and that is, that while G v. McDonald and his friends hold lb i your rights ho ve been outrage ? the Constitut on of your country vio lated and you degraded, they arc wi to submit! I am free to confess, U 3 a native Georgian, that if I believed that her rishis had been infringed, her honor tarnished, her people degraded, and the helmet of bee salvation—the Consdtulnn cf the country —rent in twiin, I would never rest un il h- r independence was acknowle>fa : d by (ha nations of the earth. I would never Peek far protection under (he alstract right of n State to seiede from the t’nion ; nor would [ ony other man or set of men look to the theory cf j State Rights and Slate Sovereignty for a remedy against vassalage and degradation, who di>l n;t de serve to bo all t . ey acknowledge and more too. Gov McDonald, in a la'e letter, sava he ’• knows of no adjustment by Congress of ;he slavery and ter ritorial questions, The inea-ures so called contain not a single element o< an a j istment. The South has reo uved no equivalent for the enormous injustice wh.ch has been done her l y their enactment—and what remedy, people of Georgia, do you suppose fie recommends for Ifiit? enormous injustice? Petition — no; remonstrance—no; nuliifica ioo—no; secession— nv; revolution-—no: but tbo abst act right of a State (o secede from the Union at pleasure, and tfien sub mit! And this is the man to whom, you are a«ked, to confide the honor and the character of the b’ta'.e ! Will you do it? Heaven forbid I Then a milling, people of Georgia, that you have changed your opinions, as exure«-iq4 - C.'Dveotios uriWWftevii e m Li-*r,emb«r!- ib« ■ou'netf lo’iova th .t by th? Compromise bi'fa voor rights have been outraged, the Constitution ot the country violated, and you, as a State claiming io te eq ial, degraded, aud your equa ily destroyed, the important question pre.-ea’s iuelf, wh thcr it would be wise to entrust your present condition, your rights and your honor to a party whose only remedy is eub missi'n; claiming, h wever, that if hereafter you should wish to avail yourself of an effic ; ent remedy, you have a right to secede from the Uni »n. Before, however, you place your honor in trfo safe keeping « f such a party , it would ba well to have this question settled. If outrage up?a your rights, “ enormous injustice,' 1 insult and degradation as a co-cq iul S:a(e, are not sufficient to put in practical operation the ab stract right of a State lo secede at pleasure, what lower depth in the scale of humiliation is necaseary to bring out the shining qualities cf this g orious remedy. Justice. For the Chronicle and Ssntinel, To the State Men of Giorgi-*. Tbe Gubernatorial election in Georgia has elicited the discussion of a question, embracing the ancient faith of many of us. The issue of union or disunion has presented a new phase iu the political world. Men, who have stood hitherto opposed lo each other, are now united, and both parties,as termeilyd vided,ha vepreaetil ed candidates for Governor, taken from one oi th so panics. Tne question of destroying the Government is one which should unite all hearts and hands, and abolish all parties. It is no child’s play to break up the relations of the Gov ernment, which have existed for seventy years. One hundred millions of dollars will not defray the loss the people of Georgia will sustain by her withdrawal from the Union. The party advocating Disunion have raised a collateral Issue and addresses it to us in order to gain strength to their inbvenient of Disunion, and out former prejudices are a •pealed to to sus tam them because they advocate Sece sion as a biate Right. The shrill note of iho fie never filled the soul of a warrior with greater fire, than the name of State Rights has animated me Andi had almost consented to swerve iron the allegiance I owed my country, to follow after the cry/ But, before I did that, 1 c mid but a; k my self, whether if Mr. McDon? Id advocated secession, he (hereby became a State Rights mtn 1 have thought en that question for weeks, I have in vestigated every point, and now feel ashamed that T ev<r yielded to the oouot fur a moment, that as cessio-iist was a State Rights man. But lam line others who ware captivated by the nam n ; reflection has pointed out my error, and I am free to confess it. I well remembe r the excitement produced in the Legislature of our State in 1930, by a debate on the subj t of State Rights, in which G >v. Towns and Mr. xMcDo laid on the one side, □id Charles D augherty, Charles J. Jenkins, J no. H. Howard and Robert A. Beall on the other. By turning to the old files of the Southern Re corder, I see that Gov. Towns denied the right of a State to s ce l.: without the consent of the other States. Mr. McDonald sai ’ that the States hadno sovereignty but such as should be adjudged to them by tno Supreme Cpu.tot the United Stat s—that a sovereign State could com-nil trea son and refis'/fon—that Gov.'i’roup, on account of his State Rights principl a. was a trai ,r and * faith'en to the lie asserted the tariff of 1323, was constitutional, aud affirmed and followed the doctrines of Daniel Web-ter, throughout. 1 looked a little farther on, and in the year 1833. I naw that McDonald affirmed at a meeting in MiUcdgevi'lo a resolution declaring State Rights a ncesy, and the nrjuclp es nf the £ ar y 52 ?s^***- a * p f * ac fok ß .?* Finding such as tiit'so p ofessad by Mr. McDonald, I necessarily had my prejudices aroused against the opinions he might give utter ance to now, at least I fed I was bound to ex amine his principles closely before I could re ceive them as Stale R ghts doctrines. And al low met) say io you, my friends, that investiga tion has satisfied'nie thoroughly thet Charles J. .McDonald >s that same Federalist to-day, he was twenty years ngo Let us examine this question, bring it down to the test of pritv-iplrs and see what we are doing To be n di union it dn-s not make a mana State Rights man. Every member ol tLe Hart ford Conveniio i was for s cession, and they used the Very same argument in its favor that Mr. McDonald»luc« —but thaedid not make th-rn State Rights men. Harrison Gay Ohs live i and died a Federalist, and yet he was the advo cate us Secess on. Whit do we r.ie-m by St.t* Rights? Why q 'i<i g more than this. When ih c* r • States T 'rme.i this Ui.fan they d -teg red ce tn. n rights to the Federal U •■uimv-nt a. 4 reserved the to tho.i:selves, i .use reseivtd rights ar.r calie 1 State Iv.hte. .Now’ this new ■ relation of Government gave rise to another class of Siuic Rights, and these were the rights to judge s\ hether th .• general Government usurp ed a:iv of the rights of the State no’, and the right to check or prevent that usurpation. The ‘ general Government was composed in its Icgisla tive department o’, representatives ir -m each btate, and if any usurpation of right took place it .vas done by the representatives of the several J States which had formed the Government. The States were ail equally sovereign, and each had the right to an equality oi judgrne.it. One f State had the right to judge whether there was o an usurpation, and the »• her State -ha < a right { to judge also If this right to ju :ge wis taken £ away» then the States ceased to be equate. State Rights men have always looked to the opinions of Mr. JclLrson and Madson for their ifitii on this point. Ia the Kentucky reso 5 lu-ions of 179', Mr Jeff rson, after denying that ( the Supreme Court could judge, says ‘ as in ad other cases of compact among patties having no common umpire, each pirty has an equal right to judge for it self as well of infractions as of the m foie and measure of icdress.” This is the d te trine of Slate Rights, reco. u zmg distinctly the ‘ so; :reignty and tho equality of the Stales *• Equality is the consequence of sovereignty, ard ( whoever denies equality, it matters nor how loud bis boasts, effectuaUy denies sirertdrnt'.', and is a 6 federalist. Thegrcat S.ate u New York has .o | more right than Georgia, and Georgia no more * right tlfan Delaware. P is our pride and onr ‘ boast, an iit is mat which gives to ihe doctrine of ‘ State Rights i s beauty ana its harmony, that the States art equal. And the man who by h s doc tri: es would tub the Mates oi this, their high st boast, their dourest of all rights, is an enemy to our cause, and deserves the hatred of every riend of liberty. Let us try Mr. McDonald’s claim as being a * State Rights man by the rule adopted by the . State Rights party. , First, he says that the ‘’Supreme Cou’-t or inc United Stales is ’he power having the authority . ro cetermine on the sutereign'y gi the States. ] tie ?ays a s -ver ign Stale can commit il treason and nbe!tion.” In asserting thlf doctrine Mr. McDonald de nies eve ythng of finh which State Kigots ' men deciare. He Cenics that a sovereign State can sez'de itoin the Union for any act o: tyran ny and oppression, hjwever great and oppres sive-and if s-he resists any act of the Federal ‘ Government, even (he abolition oi slavery in Georgia, we incur the pains and penalties ot treason and rebellion. This will never do for State Rights doct ine. Wo should live under a despotism, if seven judges of the Superior Court, who owe their power and place to the Government committing the usurpation, are to cietermioe the sovereigntv of a State, and conse quently the right to resist oppression. Let us follow up Mr. M Donald to 1833, ana see if we can find his love ot S i’»* Rights there. In that year the estate Rights parly was formed which adopted the roifawing resolution : •‘Th .t the Virginia and Kentucky re«-^’•tens as consTued and understood by and triQf’ , phsn’.’:y acted noon in b and i in if is State, constitute the creed of the state Rights part; ofGeergu.” A few days after this. Mr. McDonald supported a resolution declaring that this doctrine was a Atfresy, and the principhs oi the Hirtfora Con vention Federalists. 1 thins no in in wall take him for a Slate Rights man jci bat it is said that un his way to Nashvii ein Its. -’. »ue of Ta-sus, a light above the bngntne«s of the noon day sun fa. upon him, and suddenly the sea tea fell from his <.-ves, an J ne and em- , braced the State Kigh’sdoctrine, and that now he is fit tube a teacher !! ! . I will let the teacher rest just at this pout oi his conversion, an 1 in my next will consider what of State Rights there is in the new iaitn of which Mr. MeDona J has becam- a *<•¥*«■ A State Rights Mas or la;2. For the Ch-oriidt and Sentinel. To the State Rights Men ot Georgia. NO. 2. The false issue which Mr. McDonald and his party are making to draw us into his support, cinnotavail him. The rapidity of his conver sion shows, that his mind never passed through the various stages of conviction, necessary to that conversion, and the faith, he now proclaims is one that ntither reason, justice or patriotism ha. dictated. He has passed from one extreme ■ to snotner, and he has tsken a position to an -1 swer an eric!, without any weli settled principles , to Lead him lo It. The new faith which Mr. .'-.c- ■ Donaldadvoeo-.s , that a Siam, withcrwita -OUt cause, may withdraw from the Union, and Ithat the general G'-vcmment, tho ag nt o. a * •iie Sta-es’to aecotn.ilisn certain obccts. cannot M their agent and in the pursuitot tnese otyects, either by torce or any other wise, require mat i3sl e, 1 Siate to e miply wiffi its engagements, and that p. ' when orc State ju lges the compact violated, the ia other .States are o >un lto yield and submi* to e the judgment of that one State! ic Concede this doctrine to b- true, and there ia d an end to me equality of the States. Their sove ir rcignty goes with tho want of equality, and the y , d.tepotism which follows the right of tho »Su o premc Court tojudge of the a ivereign y of the a, States, is no greater than that which allows i one State to judge of the sovereignty oi all the g ! other Slates . Ir. McDonald’s doctrine is a glo o nous one to destroy the Union, but it Is a doc r trine which has never been recognized among r . nations or individuals since the world first be e gan. It is a doctrine which nas been started to •- meet the iScecsrion of Caroline and the intend ! ; ed Secession of Georgia, but it has no founda- I tion injustice, truth, or equality. r j Suppose two individuals should enter into an < ; agreement to do or not to do a particular thing, i ; The ono alleges that the other has violated the a i contract, can he judge and bind the other by his I judgment? Common sense says, No—both t J have an equal right to judije, and neither can 1 : bind the other to submit to his judgment. £>up f pose two nations enter into a treaty, an J one r charges the other with the violation of it, cm that one compel the other to submit to that judgment ? Certainly not. “Where there is no s j common umpire,” says Mr. Jefferson, ‘each i party has annual right to judge for itself, &c ,” i and this is a reasonable doctrine. Thu State Rights men have aiwavs contended that there was equality among the States, and if one State judged that the compact was violated, another might also judge and differ from the other Slate in its judgment. Let us test the doctrine ad vanced by Mr. McDonald, by a case. The Con stitution gives to Congress tbe power to pass laws for the recovery of fugitive slaves. My negro escapes to Massachusetts, he is demand ed, the necessary steps to obtain him are taken, and when I am about to recover him Massachiv setts says, ahu will secede. Now ‘*** *” ' t; 1 I:VC ■ t ■: UVWv-rt I J negro is a right guarantee i uy th'? constitution —notwithstanding Georgia, h=w borne the bur dens of a protective tariff' for years to build up the factories of Massachusetts, and thereby that State has been benefited by the Union, and we oppressed by it, yet now, when the citizens ot Georgia demand their rights in turn under the Union, they cannot obtain them, because Massachusetts has judged the fugitive slave law to bo unconstitutional—that the compact is bro ken—and she will retire and leave me citizens of Georgia remediless—and the other States of the Union arc bound to suumit to her judgment. Thia is the doctr ne of Mr. .McDonald, and he asks us to support him for Governor, because he is a State Rights man I Let me supnosc another case. A horde of abolitionists are in our midst exciting insurrec tion. They escape to a free state, they are de manded for trial—the State secedes to avoid their delivery. Mr. McDonald says ihe genera! Government, cannot enforce our nghts in any way. r l h s act, dune in vi dation of all ‘Jon.-titu tional obligations, of all justice and all pioprieiy, is tho act to which we must submit. Notwith standing the M trshi! ol an adjoining State could arrest these fugitives and deliver them over, still the Government has no right toco any act whatever, however small, towards the securing of our rights. We must surrender them ah! ‘ !;;s weare toldis “h/ate Rights ” Felluwciti zens, Air. McDonald is not life manto judge o what are bcate Kights. In 1830, he denied ail Slate Kights and went for consolidation, he now denies ail rights, save to one. party alone—the rest of the States have no rights at all, but must surrender to the judgment of others. The doctrine of Mr. McDonald strips the States ot their rights—deprives them of their equality, and makes the judgment of one State, superior lo that of all the other States. The State Rights men never did hold any such doc - trine, but on the contrary, maintained that the States were equals, each had a right to judge, anc each owed no obligation to submit to the judgment of the other. That that conflict of judgment might b ' harmless, and yet it might be most perilous to the peace, happiness and pros perity of the people, it might be p. accable and it might lead to war. By It the people were made fully a quainted with iheir nghts and their liabilities. The doctrine of Mr. M Donald de ceives a dmi leads lie people. It assures them that a State may secede a pleasure—its judg ment settles the right and determines its exer cise and that it is responsible to nunc for the act —that it may do this as freely and with as ii'tle responsibility as to elect a Governor. Such doctrine lead-* many int) resistance who would not think of it, and who would never encounv-r a conflict at any point, and the object is to mis lead them and commit them to the desperate act, and then leave, them to retreat with shame, or advance with rum. It is a doctrine gotten up 1 >r disunion purposes and was never designed to protect he rights of the States. But is secession aSI ue Right at ail ? I say no. It is submission of the basest sort. It avo as the infliction of great w rongs upon tho States, and then runs away from both our rights and our injuries. Theobjeciof the republican par y has always been to preserve the Union aud to maintain the reserved rights of the States. Se cession destroys the Union and strips the States of its benefits, and places them in a worse condition ajter the exercise of it than they were before. The State Rights faith never was designed to dcstioy the pa’ient to whom it w r as admi is tered. But it is not strange (hat Mr. McDon ald, an old federalist, should evince the bungling of a quack when he corries to administer politi cal nosuums. As I have remarked, ML McDonald is a poli tician of extremes. First he made the Su preme 'Joartof the United States determine all ‘A? oFj ucfgdmJntT now he allows one Slate to judge, and compe s all the offiera to submit to tliat'jadgement. In me first case, if a State resited the ju Igement of the Supreme Court, she was guilty of treason and rebellion ; now, if ail the states resist the judgement of this one State, they are guilty of an actol war, and it is lawful for Nations to interfere, and conquer them. Such extremes ma,' subserve the end designed, but they cannot be sustained on principle. As to the abstract right of a people, to throw oil their Government and to provide new guards for their future safety, that was settled by the American Revolution, and no one has ever denied it but Gov. Townsand Mr. Mc- Donald. But it is not this right that I am combatting ; it is the denial of the equality of the States which Mr. McDonald h>s made, coupled with the assertion of the light of Se ce.'Si. ii. Thirty States could be as seriously injured by the cxerciseof the right of one State authoritatively to judge, as one state would be to et ,1 c reme Court }u«fo<*. Kqutzlily Qt ’’cnta, is our fa?h ; deny that an.} you th ny .tie sovereignty of the elates JVo man •■? rec< ive the countenance ol the friends »'*' .ate Riahts. who wilt not fully admit both .n th 2 principle and the practical eflect of his doctrines, that the States have an equal right to jugeand determine lor themselves upon the action of their own representatives, That in gredient must be Incorporated in every faith which claims the name of State Rights. Mi. McDonald denies this fact by bis huth, and here he makes an open issue with every State Rights man. You rnay ask, Why is this so great and vital a principle ? I reply, because the law of nature, the law of self defence, which is above and bey n d pH constitutions and guv# rn ments, dt-man Is it. Strip the States of equally, ami you deprive them of the power of sell preservation I Who would support ado.. Tine which denies this? V» State rights man. A newly con vert'd Federalist would. I will show the ne cessity of the principle in my next. A state Rights Man or 1832. [communicated J Athcnb, Ga. t Aug. 13, 1851.—Dear Str . —My attention has been called to a curamunication of Judge McDonald’s in which he says : “I have just heard that some teporierof Mr. Cobb’s speech at Thomasville, has made him say, that before he left home, he proposed to me that he w u!d meet me or any friend I might rc lect in debate before the people, on the political bubiects involved in the election. I do not be iiuve that Mr. Cobb ever made a statement so utterly de, ?ute of truth. I have never receive d from Mr. Cobb any proposition, verbal or writ ten, directly or indirectly, on that or any other subject, since my nomination or before.’’ The reporter oi my speech at Thomasville was at fault in saying that I said 1 had invited Judge McDona;d oi any Iriend of his to attend my ar poirrmencs. His error was an immaterial one, as wi Ibe perceive !, when 1 state what 1 di 1 say. My remark was the same in substance with *.he letter addressed by me to a committee in Baker county, and published in the Alba; y j Pa”’*o t . It was to this efleet—that I had stated ; io noth my own friends and the friends ot Judge McDonald, and occasionally in my public speeches, that 1 would be pleased to see my op ponent at my appointments, and would i.isCUi?3 with tun, upon any lair terms ; and that if he should it.r any cause decline tu enter personally on the canvaes, that 1 would then meet any agent he wou! i select and auzAorzze to speak for who woald attend my appointments—l re quired an authorize! agent upon the ground that Judge McDonald was represented by different friends as occupying different po sitions, and I thought it bu fair that 1 shoui I meet the same issue every where. 1 can see no point in Judge McDonald’s dental of the re; orl t-r’s statement, unless he intends to convey the idea mat the invitation would have been accept ed, it it had been form illy tendfed Regard ing this denial as an apology for hia failure, to attend my past appointments, I can o ily ex press my regre*»tha* the formal invitation had no’, betn extended to him—and to guard against a similar failure, for the future,! have eam-td the publication < f rny appointments hereafter, to b . accompanied with a special invitation to the Judge, to be present and participate in the discurion. Yours, Howell Cobb. To tiie Editor of the Southern Banner. SicKiFic nt —Very.—A committee represent ing aco operation u;sunion meeting in Chariec ton reicr.ily addressed a letter of invitation to Gov. McDonald, requesting bis presence at one jf their con vocations. This letter appears in the Au. u*:a Const tutior.aH?t andisas b auii ful a oi non comiuitulisfr.aa iiastv r d opped k. ci th-, hopperoi even Charles.>. Mc- Donald, the prince ui non-committapste. It is neither pig nor f op-fish nor towi, bat a mt dley ofzeueralittes.so wretchedly tried up and poor:* dressed as to eni’ecv.n the ridicule of the dis unionis a. if »tiffi--ie.ttiy ta><Cit»le, it should be secured ana by Barnum. r-ut w-aat is very significant, and which we wish the peo ple to hear in udod, is the fact that McDonald and Quitman are invi cd, and toasted, and praise.:, whilst Cobband Footeare quite neglect ed by the disunionists of our staler 6tace. it is because the latter wn-lemen, give no counte nance to secession in any of its mululartout phases. We leave the people to judge. Oni thing is evident, the leaders in South Carolina expect the co-operati >n oi Quit-r.an and Me Donald In brea ing up the Union, else the] would not invite them to their meetings.—ftoni , r. our. Hcrbicasx at Tamfico —A Iriend in tbi , citv has nformed us the: re teams b> a le'te from Tai.pico, dai-d July 16:l>, that a destrnc live hurricane had occurred in lamptco. 1 -.sted seven hours, oernoh-iied many house 1 and damaged large quantities of merchandise Tt.e schooner Oregon, which is now in th river co nitig up. w:.l bring us the fail parlict • I lars of this disastrous event —Pre. . L.XV—NEW Si' I U.K VOL.XV- NO. ‘1 COBH’S it;- PLY TO TIIW MACOJ n < OMWITTKJE. Ath£ss, August }2 h, J 361.. a Gentlemem: —1 did not receive your letter until my return from the lower part of the c State, about the firnt of the present month, and . have net, therefore, replied to it at an earlier b day. s As I have received communications from c other parts of the Slate, on the sama, aod kin - dred subjects, I have determined in this reply. ■ | lo consider the quest ons involved «t some f • length, ai I oesira that it may b* considered as I i responsive to the various coinmucicatioiHi to ' which i have referred. ! Your letter propounds the two following in- I tezrogatories: i Ist. ‘Do you believe (hat a State by virtue of her sovereignty, ha’ the right peaceably to ; secede from the Union, or is it your opinion, i '.hat the general govern mon has the Const)in ti nal a uhority to coerce her to remain in the Union ? And ah uld a call be made upon the militia to aid in attempting to coerce a seceding State, would you, if in the Executive office, obey such requisition ? 2d. *‘Da you believe that the late acts of Congress, termed the “Compromise,” were con ti utional, just and I shall consider these questions in the inverse order in which yen hr.ve proposed them In order that 1 miy ba dfa.inctly uuderetood. ii reference o the late ac sos Congress, term ad the “Compromise,” 1 consider it proper o make a br*ef reference to each of the six bill*, which composed that compromise: and shall, in that way, be enabled to give tbe mcb satisfactory answer to your second interrogato- The bills efltnhliakjrm ~* a ”lsijM . jxvan tiTidr iiiew juexico. real upon a li,fty.uat pr u'.ipfo, which ha.< always ’ « X , ’ ’ u und c- ruiai Eupport of ’ eratneu, uuu by nona advocated-with m< zeal, than those sow politically yourselves. That principle ia, °tha right ol ihe people to determine for themselves, whefti er or not slavery shall consulate a part of their social syste n.” In these bids on tbe s’avery question, is found this provision —“And said ferriiones shall ba rece.ved into the Union with, or without slavery, as iheir constitnuon may prescribe, a the time of iheir admission ’ If this important principle, so long contended for by the Sou h, and so long resisted by tbe North, be now repudiated by the South, then these bills are obnoxious to the objection* urged against them by the dfaunionists; but ii the South be content io abide the operation ol her own cherished doctrines on this subject, then ffiese bills are n strict conformity with the requirements of ihe South, and should be entirely eatisfaciory to us. It is too late to t Ik about the repeal of the Mexican laws, after the almost unanimous support by the Repre’enta lives of die South ol the Clayton Compro mise Bill, whicu no taore repeals those laws han the bills we ere now considering ; nor were our Representatives in their advocacy ot the Clayton Compromise Bill re re united than were their constituents in their anprova of the votes of these Representatives Toe eight Suutaern Representatives who voted against that bi.l, on the ground, that they re quired the repeal of the Mexican la vs, were denounced as traiters to the South, for making the demand, by those who are now most nois> in their complaints against Southern Repre sentatives, for uot requiring tho repeal of the Mexican laws. Ixoted for the Clayton Com promiso Bill, and 1 was universally sustained :n Georgia in that vote. Why fa it, that lam now condemned for my support of those bills by tho meu who then approved of my courtof Toe Clayton Compromise Bill contained no express guarantet for the admission of sla. e States if thy peapie desired it—whilst these bids pledge the faith of the govern o ent to ad mit these territories as States, with, or without slavery, as the people may de’ertnine v*bwn they come to organize their State constitution. These bills rece.ved the support of a majority of ths Representatives us the South. Your own Representatives from Georgia, were unanimous upon the subject. Tho only vio len T an J decided opposition made to them, proceeded from the abolition! ts an i f»ee soil ers, who saw in the provisions to which I have refersud, the repudiation of their favorite doc trine i f coßgrersionsl ioierdierion ot slavery in the territor es, and the recognition of our own favorite doctrine, of lea via ; to'the people the decision of the question—whether or nut they w jill j have slavery among iheiu The bill to settle ihe di»put d boundary be tween ihe U. 8. and Texas, resis upon equally sound and consti'ntiunai principles; its pro visions foinpiy contain a prop teftinn ftom the Gur.era! Government to the Stale of Texas, to •et ihe boundary between the territory of die U S and the State of Texas, by adopting a certain lin *as that I oundary; and in consid eration that Texas will yield the claim which sh • had made to the seceded territory, the Uni ted Sts es agrees to pay her the sum of ten millions of dollars. Tpero was no threat—no coercion on the part of Congress lo compel acquiescence in their proportion. It was a out ’er f r tbe calm and patriotic judgment of the people of Texas to determine—and the the brave and patriotic people o r Texas to impute their action on this subject, to the fear of Fe era! po.ver. or the equally offensive consideration of bribery and corruption. Ar I would nut tolerate such an imputa imt upon the rit z?ns of our own State, under similar circumstances, 1 will rot ndulge in the ungen erous and unfounded reflection upon ’.be hon esty aud integrity ts our young and prosperous sister. This < (routed boundary was thus settled be- ( tween tbe United States and Texas, in the only tn ’e. in tny judgment, in whi: > such an issue c could bu determined between the Government * and «i sovereign S ate of iho Union. 1 am aware the.t tho charge is sometimes made, that th.fa bill seized on the slave territory of Texas f and appropriated it to free soil. Nothing could J be farther from the truth. The only direct ’ t ffjet resulting from this measure upon the ? -.very quest.' n, was ore ove the prohibi tion up n slavery in thru portion of the ceded * ten itory, beinx» ?ibove 36 SO, whifh was put * upon il in tbe articles of annexation, when Texas wadmitted uno the Union. This bill J removes that prohibition, and submite to the decision of the people of ;he territory when * they ccme to organ ze heir State government —ihe question whether or not slavery shall constitute a part of th-ir social system. This like tbe others which 1 have considered, received he warm and cordial support of a majnrtty of Southern Representarives, and , encountered its bitterest opposition from the 1 free soil Representatives of the North. The only remaining bill affecting onr territo- t riil acqu si ion, wan the or.efor the admis-ion of California a State into the Union. This j measure was o. j ciionable to Southern men, though it finally the support of nearly ’ one third of the Rupre-en’aiive- of the Souih. J Iu common wi a majority of iha South, I ; en ertair objections to this bd!; I preferred , that a territorial government shoirid have been ( provided f«»r California, as was done fo r Utah , ♦ndN; w Mexico I' would have been the more regular and appropriate inede of dfapo «mg of that por’.iou us the territory; but the : failure to do I do not regard a*> a viu'ation of tbe C hi tiiiitioD, rrthe righto of the Suu.h In the admission of California, Congress cx e'C-sed a power expressly conferred upon it, j Ly tho Constitution, •' io adroit new St nee into < the Union;’’ and tlmugh our judgments do not wboriv approve of uie exorcire of that discre tionary power in this instance, it constitute* no such cause oi’complaint again-t the govern ment as would justify the re*fa'ance which has been indicated i y the enemies of the Compro mise and th a advocates of tbsunion. Thn principle upon which California was aduii ted ia o ihe Union, with her constitution probit ring b'*.very, h s ever received be *unc ;• nos Southern j-hitasmen iho principle ! den es to Contres* the r glit lo look .n o die 1 i utiou of a State a?kmg for admission into ' the Übi >n, farther (ban to see the. it fa rvpub tican in i s form o> government. Whether riaver ' ht.all exist th»*re is a question no. for the cuuridera joti of Congrets, but to be deer mirted by the peop.e when they frame their State Cons itution. This doctrine was clearly expressed in the following resolution introduced by Mr. Cal houn into the Senate of the Untie 1 States in 1647. It was -he annunciation of a sound constitutional principle aud i am prepared to maintain hs correctre»s: “ Resolved, That a faodsment&l principle in onr poli lea - creed, a people, in foiminv a cooutita ti n, luve tbe unconditional right to form and ad -pt the which they may think beat ca’.cuia t*d to sreure liberty, pr.sperity and happiness; and ’but in c'inio.'tni'y th -rete, no other c *udilion is i-j> ncssti ty the edcrai cons”tut:o3 on a e, in order to her a hui-**iMij into tb'a Union, ex-epi that its con ali uii u be republican, an! thatdH if.-noeiiicn of any cthe« by U< iiliters would not only b - tn vio'a'job c' the con it mi n, Lui i»» dirsct conff'C-’ with the princi ple on whfaa our politico- sv*t-iw rests. The I . , f f tbe ion nf the sfave • trade in the Darter of CMumbia, was objected ; to by iof tho ; enal y wnich it provides That fea i ure stokeit f»om t.e laws us Marvland, and f j- wi.l L j runembc ed that ail that row re- ' m jins of the wa< Grig in ly a purt of fie S:?.te of Marv> ni. In 1-lGthe State of * Georgia predn bred the far reduction of slaves vvi.hiu ’his State for sate, under a penally of a Sue o! five hu . red do iars, and imprisonment iu the pur.’tetKiary fur four year-, for each slave br tight in o 'he State f*r sale. This Uw was repee>« ! in H ’.2, und re-enacted ia 1843, and a/iiti repealed a the uf 1843. — The peuafty for the v ofauun ol the District law fa the liberaiten of tbe . lave ; which fa, ss 1 have -laid, the some p .natty provided bv the Mary ■cod law for a violation of their Act upon the same subject. There was as far as 1 could learn, but one voice among the people of tbe j District on this subject. They a’l desired it. The I jvj ©lave Bill, fa’the only re t ain inji rae&sute of the compromise to be consid ered- ’ vvidi ii was practicable, viffiout ex ' •coning t i= commuD.cation to too great a 5 knsth, incorporate inio it, the leading pro o the b•» must suffice, however, b to wtate tiui it was prepared by one of the most r extr me cf »«>Qiher»i R ghts in Con gress I' contains ev ry prov»« n that demanded by th *. South, aifo I n-ive yet t * rueci e *iih tbe first man who claim? n. -at ts-e «• s. i f Cuogres? on this subject, than ,*fo s grants. iu the adojiion o_ I- nas iumy judgment und deteruiiasuon, u>»y ° ai ’ = j which ln ß c .n-(K<iuoi> Imposes lor the delivery of our fugitive slav s. I beve now rip-.d y referred to each of the . co npromwo meatmree, and you will gee, that , whiUt in the language ol the Georgia Conven , tiun, I do not wholly approve of ail these , meaeores, yet I see in them no violttion of ’ our constitution>l rights—nor ir ti ere, in my opinion, any thing which forbids on the part of mr people, ati honorable acquiescence in these 'oeaeutes. Such waa the decision of the peo ple of the Sato, last fall, as recorded iy their delegates in the convention of last November. If I did not regard the settlement 4s fair and honorable, I would not be found imotig the advocate* of the Georgia Platform. It is not simply because Georgia has decided fie question, that I maintain her decision —but •eeauee she has made a wise, just and patriotic decision If I thought that Georgia had made S decision which subjected her citizens to term* qf inequality and degradation. I would, as a l*y«l citizen, submit to her will, until I could induce her, if in my power, to abandon so Igimilia ing a position ; and such. I presume is tj<i position of every honorable man within I®' limits; it is therefore, right and proper, ttat the people should know not only, who will s t imit to the decision of the S ate, but also, «ho approves and will sustain ihat decision, ypur first interrogatory, directs my attention A >he q lostion of secession, and vou have nt the issue unon the right of a Sta e to se ttle from the U nion wnliout just cause. As i is right is claimed by many as a constitution a- right, and by all of those who advocate it in ltd modern acceptation, as consistent with con- obligations, I shall consider it at saute length in relerence to ipt gopstinuinnsi— - Lijf’T asked <o cancade the right of a f £■»<» ti recede at pleasure from the. Union, ’ 3bß nr without just came, wc are called «,<on th.it the. framer* of the constitu ion - ■ ‘ .which was never done by any other possessed of their good sense and »nseilfgence—that is, to provide in the very Jon of tire government for it« own -ourse would not only have been an anoma lous proceeding—but wholly inconsistent with the wisdom and sound judgment which tmrk ed the deliberations of those wise and good m >n, who framed our Federal Go/ernment. Whilst I freely admit that such an opinion is entertained by many, for whose judgment I entertain the higher. respect, I nave no hesha tion in declaring that toe convictions oi my own judgment are well settled, that no ouch □ rincipfe was contemp'ated in the adoption jf our constitution. If it was the purpose of the framers of the constitution. »o subject the perpetuity of t:e Union to the will and indeed, i may add, «he caprice oi each State , it is a most remarkable fact, that a principle of such vast importance, involv ng the very exis tence of the republic, should have been left an open question, to be decide ! by in erences and metaphysical deductions of the most co®- plica ed character. When one ris-a from a careful ■'tudy of the cons itutiou of the United States, ho feels impressed with ire w ndnrfui adaptation to the .vants and interests of this growing people. Not only uoes he had wise and judicious provisions and gairaoteea for thestatoof the country as it then existed, but with prophetic wisdom its framers seem to nave penetrated the future, accommodating the government to tha necessities and require ments of its present increased population and extended resources. 1 urn not prepared to admit that the m»n who exhibited so much care and foresight in reference to all the various parts of this eompl.cVed machine— would have left »o vague conjecture exi<- fence of the important and viral power now claimed for each State, oi dissolving at pleas ure, the Union which had cost them and their compatriots so much toil, and Nbor, and ani ietv. If they had intended to provide for the destruction of th »t noble structure, which they were then erecting with all the care and wis dom of able Stat* smen and devoted patriots, I by such simple and obvious means, as the with drawal of any b'tate from the confederacy— they would have manifested their intention by some plain and palpable provision of the constitution. Such a course would have been "harucier.suc of the honest practical and <miighter>ed statesmen of the convention. Their f Jl□ re to dus» carries the strongest conviction to my mind, that uo such principle was recognized by them. In connection with this view of the subject, the inquiry forces i self upod our minds, if e*ch Sta e reserved the right to withdraw ?t pleasure from the Union, why was there so much difficulty en > couriered by the friends of the constitution in obtaining its ratification by the different Stales T There were few, if my, who were opposed to the formation of the Union, after the con-titu tion had bean submitted to ’he Sta’e» for rati fication, provided they could engraft oriain amendments upon it. The policy of adopting the constitution, on condition that these amend ments should he acceded to, was urged with great earnestneej in the conventions, and among the people of several of the S ales, but was finally abandoned on the ground that it would be a conditional raiificalio<' l and the efore inadmissible. On this point 1 mast sdft,‘ Wb.b constitution/’ end to whore erpnaiiijn of that sacred instrument the republican party have' been accustomed to look with such inpficit confidence. Mr. Mad iso a says: “ iMy opinion is, (hat a reservation of a right to withdraw, if amendments bo not de cided on i nder the form of the constitution witbio a certain lime, is a conditional ratifica tion ; that it does not make N w York a mem bur of the now Union ; and consequently, that fthc would not be joceived on that plan. Compacts must be reciprocal; this principle would not in such a case bo preserved. TAe coKshtat oa requires an adsption in tulo and FOREVER It the right was reserved to each State to withd aw.it would have be-r> an act of supere rogation on the part of New York, or any other State, to declare in R'tvance, that she wou'ti withtlr ,w or secede, if the umondinents she proposed to the constitution were not adopted. If the rgln exis.ee-, it could bo -ix ercised as wo I without as with t e condition annexed to her ratification of the constitution, and the assertion of it would have been a useless interpolation ard a nullity. It was not eo r grtided however, at ths time, by lh >«e who bad been aciive participants in the fram ing of the consti'o-iow. Air Madison con sidered the reservation of a right to wi hdraw from tile Union ns “ a condition that would vi iato the ratification.” He Bays further in writing to Mr. siumilt’ti on his subject: “ Ihe idea oj rt»,nin'’ a right to withd aw was started at R-ch-no'id, and considered a. a conditional ratification, which wits itself abandoned as worse -han a rejection.” If the opinion of Mr. Madison, which I have here referred to be we.l founded, it puts an end to this controversy. There can be no doubt about tlio fact, that he did not recognize the right of each State to secede horn the Union at her own pleasure In add-ri’n to the face which i have just considered, there is n strong illustration of ’he opinion that pre vailed among the framers of tba consti ution on tins subject, in rhe action of the States ol North Carolina and Rli-.do Islan I. These States refused to come into the Union for some time after the ratification of the constitu tion. They were not opposed to the formation of the Fedeial Union, but tike some of the other Stares, bey were unwilling to a iopt the constitution as it then stood. Il ir had been a recognized undoubted principle that each State was bound to rernam in tho Union, only so long as it suited its own convenience no one doubts that there States, instead of withholding their assent to the constitution, after it had been adopted by the requisite number, would have come t once into the Union, with tho inten t on of immediately withdrawing from it, upon the refusal of the other Stales to adopt such amendments as they desieed, t n* regarding the effect of ihoir ratification of the constixtttion in an entirely d flerent light, from trie .eces sionista of the present day, they adopted quite a different pobey. So far as we c . gather light and information from tea oomions and actions of th men who framed and adopted ■ha constitution, it all goes to s’rengthen and confirm the conviction I liav already ex pressed against the existence of any such right. The political hirory cf tie country from the lima of the declaration of independence to the adoption of the conaduion, is confirmato ry of die correctness of the opinion I have expressed In the original srticl-s of confed eration, it is more than once declared that the object was to form a perpetual Union. Those arncUs of confederation were found too weak, and inefficient, to carry ou- the grea' purposes of the p o>e in the establishment of a general government, a d nonce it »«s tf.u’ in its own i.uguage, din presen’ conso’.iltion was adopted for die onrpo-e of forming “a more perfect v.vton " I' would be a reflection, b th upon the integrity and the wisdom of he fr-.rnera of ■ha constnotion to say, ibat they abandoned a ptrirtlnnl Union" to form a mors rrn fxcto.se, and in doing so, adopted a tempora ry, conditional Union. Huah, however, is the construction placed by the- secessionist upon the action of those great and good men, to whose energy, wisdom, and pa’riotism, we arc indebted lor cur present noble and glorious Union. The pofey cf our government during its whole existence, Io- ha to t e continuance and perpetuity of the Uoien. fa temporary and conditional existence, is no whsre impressed e.liit>r upon its domestic or foreign policy. It has for store than haif a century pursued the even tenor of i s way, growing tn strength and increasing in neefolnees, tailing deeper and deeper ho d upon the hearts and affections of the people; illustrating the great American prxctplo of free government, and reflecting upon i’J inspired founders lha highest and brightest honor. Wills. 1 do not propose to illustrate theaa views bye detailed rev ‘® . Reaction of the :^ e 4 l the correctness of I have asmmed. Wh o tne pen- - r . t'-,::ed Si-i-ee determined upon ths P"the Louisiana territory, and effect* ‘ , rsb.- object at the cost of a conrid of money, cod by the exercise ,' j a lue-ttonabm conslic ttona! power, it will , ->l*oo er id, that they did so for the benefit f : iU .e who then inhabited the country, nor in deed ior those who might subsequently remove there. They were prompted t» the acquisi tion of that vast and valuable territory by con • -iderations of public policy, ejecting their