Newspaper Page Text
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A.-= alsu published «t thf.oMca, and nrarledtesub
IjfWgK^LT.—Bevvr.iy.fiv* cent*
'■■ It ' r • 1 . , • ?
•»==si=^--~ —
IrAVi> xvX SAiS.
o
□3 Wriphtreoro, .nd A.a «.,!« fr.uxJfimmpwb'S
»«P*. Gaoq* Wlxrad.amroer.Jy know, M Pfi>.
TUt*pta-a .* j»l -«■
Blp . .7 • / nu bcth rtiUF *f Ua
ffei3/v 4 . ••jueta U> VTasiJnjrtOEj
Liufe aii * r *• s>fc » fcat ' ; ' s kowsr Bridge,
Melwood lend, and • *a»ei«ooj of ymn, fi»e t..
■ siSSfe'oh rail. to keep op tbe t.nomg «*1 aepply th*
ferm with soil wood. Tbo pile* :» i» fwsi repair.
7 a »=«<j' .*-w4w JFIUAh HARRIhS.
Columbia County Land,
U 3 THB oif.rr for ea!« wp—
£BSn bi* FARM («Celwabi*.coat., 27 CV*
JSIML mil«»boro Akusto, <m <b* Ausao'o -*-
.'. **d Aaibinum res*, aea'.aMieg F’»o ?I's<i.7r*d cd
...’ T«re«*-000 (521) A«roo, noer'y ot>e fa«rth -<*-''
£ bt*d. Fer*ne« wishing to por3b*«'> 1 W! |t pls.-rer ra ;
Is aa.fficprenusa* «»r arfdrere the tobrer-bar _f Wa-
Heid, Ga. Eight H-jodrol Aereo ndj.-irvo* :!>'.« end
?■ Otto be roasbi co to xl lei in?.
; J » g 3* •« V- M- BARKKS.
liKBCUTORa' SALE.
|L...a WE OFFER, al prime Mie, Z.
that rtia.ble PLA."> TAi iON of •■
ibo lain Cherleo wnooieghoin, de.
' eeaeeJ, lying on R*ck» Coaicrt Creeh, in Jdffcr
<' non ernrity, firamSn from Lrurarille, conui’.iee
•,(97 aeroe, which w» will toil altogether, or di rids
falta three Iracl*.
Tile Solitude tract coeUine- •• ■ 1 ,«C7 acre*.
The Glennon do. ....1.1.0 .I'.
The Woo-.reok do. .... 1,270 do.
»_ A.II tw.a of these irncie born go* 1 Dwelling* on
: • isea, And a raluabie Mill nnoaool the tract*, widi
Gis, tiinnieg by water.
W el t>«r«r|so NEGROES, with MCHi’
STUCK PPO*iSIONS, So., ike. If uni di»|. »ed
of at private rale, w« will poohivoly nell t>e s«ud. I
at pnbiio outcry, io Loatsri.le, J.dfnrs. 0 county, or
the fir*: Teoad.iy iu peocin Par next. and the Nearer?*.
Sl»elr, Fio»:*iet s &e. So., on the Srtt Tmarfay In
ionriorr. Terms .ibrrr.l.
■I®SSBtF» JOHN BONES, )
SWM. J. FTP., Jat’rt.
OWEN P. FITZSIMONS}
Angaria, Geo.,Sun. 20 enSO wtDl
FOR SAL.H.
X—J THE nubacriber offer, for a«!e jgj.
rnwia bio.valuable PLANTATION con «£*
tainlagß29l acres, in Urlutabia co re-
ty, ifi unit* from Augusta, 'ying imruedini-'y or th*
riaf leading from Luke’*, Enq.. to Hnr« n’s
Ferry On the premiss i» a gort DWELLING
H VSR, on lat! sasesT'Sry (xat-buirdinge, with the |
best klodof wellnriaagei Negro Homes. Tli.re in
alio an excellent Gin House and Paekiog Snrr«
Tnere i« also on the premise* n gcod spring nod well
of water Tin Landa are fine productise c Aten and
corn land, aa good u iu the county, red well siluu ■
tad. Taros made easy.
Anyone wishing to purobaaa can get any 'nfenna
-10 wished by adtirtaaiog too at Eubank n P. O.
3»lnmbw enemy, Ga. Any yerwm visiting tho
place, 1 will take great piearure in allowing Ihvm
tbe piatuatiou. ao'.Hf A. C- Jf'SEs.
— -
JUsl TGK sui-acritar clfera fur rale his .
PLANTATION i.t L’r.c<u.i eannly,
JSIaL lying <3 the waiMSof LiKt« it v.-r, X
iaonediaial? on tho rtwd Lading frrit: Waifriagton to
•lertara, (»i« R»|*ftlfe.) On the pken L a large
■notluMM Uwslliag, t.-gather wi<u «■! n*c»e-
'.ding*, catcttldeci to give eao-euietic,
E»to s jlaiiur. Ucoßiam- at,ant J,90»
« euiiivaiwo, and alwui 4«0 is
imnnaarftm enure untox-
■ “> Gj
-■Smlkc J- M. < V CLIFF.
ifcSWhPLAN rATJON, 'four mile* en“ 2 ifiJ*
pgftiik es Apphii?, CcUmbta county, end
W ‘rom Augcontaining 070 aerru.
•ne half of which i« On tho |>!ae» is r
good cornformt’-e DWwith <'l tie noses*
sary out buildings, mohidfaf NsgroHsuses, Crbs,
Barn, Gin Hsum, Packing Soiaw. &0., a>l in gnud
repair, and a most eae*si:est spring; and tht wtols
tract is rary welt watered.
Terms liberal, aod given by or bafor
thefiistof January, 1H52. He eau aUe supply th
parchaser with 12 rp i buetolsc’~rn.
Pei sore who deeira to purchata will phase call and
exatn<ne the premis ’-.
Jfr26 wit B. HRGG-E,
FOR SAu£.
MTIIE offers for
sale bis FAMILY RE?iOAKCB in iho
Town of Marut, a. Itielscs’ed Ina de-
BiratKe pert oi town, b well irnpicred contains
about iwo aerts. The dwelling bis nine rocWb nud
one basement all well finished. Powcsaien e-a*. be
had the first of July.
For terms, apply to Col. David Dobbs, Win. P.
Teung, or John ?. Arnold, in the abeeoc** of
Aul ap3U w NBIXON M. BENTON.
PLANTATION FOR SALE.
gw Tfl£ UNURKSIfiNED offers
“ wW his PLANTATION (orealo, oonuiuing •Ai*
-A- the rias of 3,700 Acres. 1,200 acres in
the woods, the most of which is well tirub*red. Lit
tle River runs through said land, equally dividing it,
Into Wilkes county, 9j miles from Washington, and
Columbia countv, 13 miies from Thomson Depot,
Georni Rail Road; good improvement of every
kind, including Grist and Saw Milk. Fries, S 3 per
acre, one-hall to be paid on giving possession the
25tb Dee next, the balance (r?e of interest twelve
mon'hi f.l lowing June 12, 1851.
jel&wif JOHN Q. WEST
Valuable Land for Sale.
A—A I NOW OFFER ftr SALE
hSssm oneot the moat desirable FARMS in iw
JBmL Middle Georgia, and one el the mast ***
beau etui and delightful situations in all the country,
and not equalled by any place in tht country for its
convenient arrangements and fiaturer cf all kinds
necessary for comfort and convenience, joed water,
and as healthy as nay place ie Georgia, k being and
lysg in Upson county, on Tob'.er’s Creuk, contain*
ing near eleven hundred acres, well watered. Aboot
half es the land open, and a large portion of it treat;
lies well lor our country. That in the woods welt
timbered | has a good Mill Seat on it, alsrgr Gia
Roase and Granary together, being 61 fret long and
32 feet wide. T e land has some exoailent meadows
for gveaing. If desired, 1 will sell iny crop of corn,
. fodder, oats, de , which, not withstanding the draught,
will be a plentil d sur.p.'y made, and my erook of all
kind?. Terms easy, and to san pureh<*»<xs.
|y22 wtf J. C. W IINDRAT.
University of Hsahville.
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.
THE FIRST Annual Caursa of LEOTVRWI
»in Rin Dnpanaionl ivili ooretneece on tho it ri
MUNDAY in NOVEMRFH nut, nod c.aduu. Uli
tbo fiivt ol lb* erauian M> rcb.
PAUL P. EVE, M. IX, Profesw of S.-giool
Anri ore-. nnA Clinic*! Surgery.
JOHN M. WAT' ON, M. IX, Pxotannorof Ob
ntrirts* and tbo IliseaM* of Women and Ckildna.
A. 11. HIGH AN AN’, M. D , F U. »«r of Snrge
»/•
w. K. BOWLING M D., Profesora of the larii
tat** and Fraction of M»lio : ne.
<K. WINSTON. M l>, Pre.’erioro, Mriori*
Medio* and Cltaieal MeJictua.
ROHEHT M FUR IE A, M I) , Profrawrof Ana
lemy end Phy»inle,v.
J, BERRIEN LINDSLEY, M. IX, Pn-iewer *f
. aWpiWrv and Pharmacy.
■B|L> A>l T. HkIGGS, M. 1> , I'eui trri.
Anawmteai r.x- > n. ■» •..,,, ,i • ..:
firn Monday in Uotnbor.
Fee if oaeh Proforo-e JIS. Mairiealsdon ticket
•S; UisHKline tic net *l9; Graduation ho 525.
Creed board ean be obtained in the oitv at tram ‘2|
to *3 per VMt. Farther 'nteruretnu naj b* ot
tained by addreraiag the Basu
4 H. LINMLEY, M. IX Dean.
•ti2<-t«2Aw«*
hi’'
| WSDICAL. C0LU1233 OV GEOKGIA.
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.
g qpHE TWK3TI&TH COURSE OP
v Ji- Lt’CTUKES la luie luttkutiou wII ».. mm- ace
? on ike Monday io NOVEMBER eext.
G. M. NKiVTON, M. D.-—-Anatomy,
g oL. A. DUGAS. H. D.—Surgery.
D. FORD, ML D—lMUtutes and Prunes of
V. MILI ER, M. D. —Pnysiology and Ps-
Aele<ical At- wy.
LF. GARY! M. D.—Materia Medio* and The
nMwdoa,
M. D.-* Sueur and Diseases es
ALEXANDER MEANS, M. -Cbeioietry and
PUnaucy.
«*f. Campbell, v. d— i>mxr« '.*crof amu
-&BERT CAMPBELL, M. IX— Aaotacreu IV I
■mat i >u<.
A Crim rs Lri-tura* on Mefk.-I Jari-p-odeac •
win ba by tb . Profriver *f Ma-om Modi-
ri u 1 ** 0 "’ •woturea wi'l b» given r T'd.riy at
tne City H0.p.t.1. Am,ile arraniemoais have tw*n
‘nmbfetlhoMiady.f Aa ri.—v.
m «axs are new in Europe,
begtnricff of the Cours.'
vaSaulo aAtefofe,.o .he present mear.s
t?S ‘
to aay Otlß^r w |hfl
. G. M. NEW loyj
fiWfiwxa.Jaly, lai. jvil
RRELNWOOD 4k MORHIB,
COMMISSION MSSGUANTS
O* 3 * Ilk.Teb.-H. > , ; ,
NEW ORLEANS. 1
"to^y* 000 ' ' O ’ l *" ««*»•
Qatelg.
FLOYD HOUSE,
MACON GFOBGtA.
1 I P-ir A. ™ ts WELL knewn nod pof-alar H>
* ,el ! kavmz Men reaseily reyeirad and pot
Si JfljjjjL in ceteplsie order, is me awon for the re
f eeyaia. of Paartera an 1 Trarreivat yenreea. Tbo
propxtstrx presses hlmMtftbat nothing ahall bo want
ing on hie part to aaako and eantinno it eno of tho
1 a>>t pona'ar Wctoie io tbo Sooth.
I , '■ £>■ The Lodies' Dapertmotit io onder tbo special
exre of Mrs. JAMES, formerly of Colnmbtn, and
favorably known to the travedtag cammneiiy, who
«il! sen that autkinf is wantinj to make visiting La
d>«3 and Famines entirely at home, tbrir eputmont
bavins been newly and beatifnT.v fnetrlied.
THOS. WILLIAM*, Preyrte'or.
' A. B. Habtweii, SitperiAtentioKl.
K. B.—An Omnious will always bo in readiness
r t<‘ oarer Paceoagaro Co and from the Railroad De
pots.
JTFThs Alligator Lino of Stages hrs itsoifiooper
n:an«nt!y located at tbo Ptoyd Home.
jy3-«Ca> A-WRIGHT, Owner.
WARM SPHIKGB.
THIS oetabli.bmer.t will bo open for
.raITJ the reoepti.in of visiter?, os aad ai'ar the
jyjrß first dsy of Jane. Visitors will at all
tiaie»r«®" A ready conveyance fro.n Greenville, or
Pteataot Hill, and a four bono Pom Cva-h, tbrw
dmeo Wes* from Colombas to the Spring. TP
nPmntletm trill els* keep Haora nod other coovej
tr.tci 01 lira SerinV tw '.heeonv»rance of bis juesia
J. U MUS7I»N. Prerv -rer
SaACFIBLD’S hotel
.&». SUU TH-BAST CORNER dp*
»»»«» L.i
PUBLIC SQUARE.
baOrarje, Co.rclir.
PRAUXLIB TTOTEL,
S£s BKOIS STREET, Aagosta, Ga.,
oa* MWwaMratiMa Globe HoteL on the
"-«ly PI. P?RAMS«T, Proprietor.
" yfryiw egBL-ffi—«
iMimegs Catos.
'rofesstonal&BssinesoMen.
PSOPHSSIONAtANDBUSINESSCARDS, not
xxcr’-sUiif lixlinwi, will be iaxontd under chia nean
Hlhurstuof Fit pvraaovai. Car J a •xo«edinf -six
ng, will buuktrfsd yrli»t.
ani Solicitors.
knows,
ATTORHIT ATLAW,
Baema Vtaaa, Karies Cemnty, Ga.
MdO
JOSI R. STUMORS,
ATTORWBY AT LAW
Georgia.
.. “x-7
JOSHUA HILL,
ATToasrsr at law,
SfKdlean »a4 JFeniloello Cteorgla.
?9r All bamnen addraened to him at either place
in the eountlrs of Morgea aed Jaaper, and thoae
qotitigaon i, will receive prompt qUeotioo, n 23
•ItgitEL J. llAitr. | r.tiireKA Utaairs.
84U.11 A OUK3TIXG,
ATTOHWBY3 AT LAW
Suufero wf’e •eororla.
Wilt praotio* (a *ll the ttoao'.ioa of '.he Mid
te Circuit. jo2
~~ B™ ’ T. MARTIW.
AWORNBV AT LAW,
Asewr*. Ggoaei a.
»lp- ptuoOrji lathe Coontiooof Celambia
Vartri), Jeßetann. trad Baxko, itod wid alro attend
totse eolleccion of Dobto end Clsi-na ia Abbeville
raJ Edgefield Divtrieu, in Poeth Carolina.
Office on Rroad bueei, irtt door above Inanranee
Ifimk foB-tf
G. PUTKAIB.
AITORITHT AT L AW,
Tfrirvahre. apt'f ly
EDWARD n.FOTTLH,
ATTOH3IBY AT LAW,
WARRENTON ... GEORGIA.
Willoont<nue loproo'.ieem Warren, Hannoclt,
Wiikea, TtJivlbrrc, and *1! of the counties of the
Northern Circc-ic, and Columbia, Joilarßon and
Washington of th* Midili*.
Refer to Threevritte, Hudson & Shivora; C. C
• ‘.aiy & Co„ Warrenton. ja'2O
BOBFRT KKSTER,
ATTORNHT AT LAW,
Elherien Ooorfrln.
J3* WILL orartie.o in th* counties < f Elbert,
Wiiatw,Lj.i.rrln, Oglethorpe, Madison and Franklin.
P. G. AtIRIWCi ON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
AND NOTARY PUBLIC,
Oglethorpe, Keren r.?«uty, Georgia.
•U* f’fiico at Ogiatherpe.
. . jl! lywlV
«** tIiNH-ri ATID c!!JWSJjIi.wK at
LAW,
iVa. 13 St, Chartsure:tf Rr.'ynx 10, upstairs
9*«w Orl«a»g.
!0T A! I rMtaa co l r.oileotion* intrusted to hi? I
etre w'H meet with ptompt and faithful attention.
dl9-ly _
L. C. SiniPbOß,
ft. TTOR Nr. T AT LAW,
ATL A NTA •. • • GS-ORGIA.
fj. Will pri.’no'ly attend ttall buslnor? entrusted
io nij eur*. f2S-ly
LtMioKSTtrnkris, ) J L. Him
STSPUENS & 3IRD,
ATT OR N I B 9 AT LAW,
CRAWFORDVII LE, GA.
£jriWil'practice in a litho Counties of the North
n rtirenit. iy 16-1 v*
Wsi. Gtieovr. | Jsore M. Jostse
GIBSON A JOKES,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
WARRENTON, GEO.,
Will practice In all th* counties of the North
ern and Columbia, Washington and Jefferson, ol
the Middle Circuit, and tho Supreme Court of the
Stalest Georgia. ap9-wlv
CHAPLKY R. STROTIIKR,
ATTORNEY AT LAW
tjy Practices In the Northern Cirenit. All business
will roorive prompt and efficient attention,
n- Office at l.iscolntoh. Ga. jo2B-tf I
fat'dAC’ A. BsUKISN, I JOMR T. SHKWMAKB.
BKRRIKN A SUBWMAKK,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
MIDDLE DISTRICT. GEORGIA.
rjrOrfioeat Waynesboro, Blithe eouuty, Goo.
ftl-ly
JOflN R. STANFORD,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Clarkesville.. Ga.
Willpraeltoein hesonntiMofClarke, Prank-
Hn/Wabersham, Lntuphln, Forsyth, Gilmer, Union
M.irrey and Gwinnett, and in the Federal Circuit
Goert tor G-orpia. I7v
J. G. DIOL AKE A CO.,
COMMISSION AND TOR WARDING
MERC II ANTS,
CDtia'-i agn Tenn.
- V
OitA'tAS P. HcCALLA,
OM-Virr AND FORWARDING
' HANI,
A* At .J... »|QUID4
S. O. A A. G. FOSTER,
ATTORNEYS at law.
Jjr Tha undorrignedarestillengaged ie the prac
tice of Law.
OClce nt Bf atUeon, MorganConnty, Ga,
All biwinee' cntrastedtothein, will meet with prompt
ib.l efficient attention. N. G. FOSTER,
fe'4B-tf A. G. FOSTER.
JASPER S. DORSBY,
ATTORNEY AT LA W,
Dahrenegs, Georgia.
AVillattead trail ProSmlonalbußineaaentrnst.
d to him iatbe Cherokee Circuit, and in Habereliam
county, of the Western Cirenit.
RkVCßrscns —Messra. Haye Bowdre, Dr. Wm
H. Turpin, Augusta; Hon. C. Itomtherty, Athene,
Jarre- l.iw,Guinoaville; Smith A Walker, end J.
W. Gradv I'nlilooepa. fell
DAWSON A CLARK,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
APP»»"« • Oct rgia*
slr Win, <<ve Rpc'ial at ten lies to the •cllettion
of l*gal dfiuxn lg es sverv dfHeri'ttsa.
Akdbbw H U WaweoM, | >rßßLiwe Class.
Ga. | Appling, Ga.
•n2<-Iy
T. A. Bvsui. | C. W. Demim«.
BVBRB & DKMIXG,
BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS
WSWXF.tPKR AH» PBRIODICAL UIITI,
And Dcahrsin Pancy Article, Pianos, JWusm. 4*
Mu<li«un, .Georgia.
mv2B-v»l v
c . muXsT
FACTOR A COMMISSION MKRCIIAMT
Continues badness at hia old stand,
Mo. IT6 Oay-atrccti Savannah, Georgia*
REFKKKVCI-S J
yi*ssrs. D' Erano, Augusta
“ /Xis 4* Co.i Maron.
ol “ E> Paditfcrd & Co., Savanna.
9. LTAtLOB. ( e AIDXIR IMT£
J. L. TAYLOR A CO,,
AUCTION AND COMMISSION MER
CHANTS.
*V<M.3I CjUrfrrji 41 Cnsiifmhouso Stnets.
New Orl««na.
R«r**BVC<S. — —Mews. Em'rsoo. Coch
rva Co., tod Barnabas Hxskad. 3/a»*»i.’e — Mesar?.
C. N. Drvrtoc«? A Son, aad H.>we A Baabullar
.Ynp YjrV—Me»ra. Dunbar A Bro'hiw, J. D.Sse :
j A »Xk, and C-Makha « S-auh. .Vr*.' Octans—
I Win. A. D.Cr?ssm*n. Mayor, Mtwur*. Hoy ti FcwH.
' Hall £ Kemp. Harn* & Morpa, M. Garcr* A
I an < Wr*d
ORKK3WAY, DROTHXttS *fc CO.
latPOßTCitr AS© DKALKR* I
FOREIGN and domestic dry
GOODS,
13 New \ork.
EsTitlM.UiiitWAT) j Wm. W. F.Gbbksway
J Hbvrv Gbbbjiway, I FKAMC'.g Habuu.
c-t-u 6w»i
<"a MP OI u.—l ,(K»U OatieMg vanmn quaime*
Ld he Atfo very tow, be
wOO WM. ft. TtfTT, Draggwi.
POLITICAL:
Tbinga in Me;lwather*
For ti» Chrouicle Sr Sentinel.
GnEEKVir.LE, Moriwither Co., A«». 29.
Io all my ramblings throughout the State,
litis is the first County that has exhibited the
extreme influence of demagogaeism. Here,
tojudge from«ircum3tances around ms.oent,
fuitain and Harlaquinism are in the ascendant.
Argument, upon political topics, is scouted as
antirely unessential tj the purposes es the
fire-eaters. Here, as e'sewhere, vagus decla
mation and daring assertion, are substituted fur
facts; but here especially, the fire-eating
speakers attempt imposition upon the creduli
ty of the people with a boldness ccmmensu
rire only with the purpose sought to be effec
ted by it. Who. for lusience, can you imag
ine has had the effrontery to get up befor* the
people of Meriwe her County, and riecla’e
himself a Union m«n. and on the Georgia
Platform ? Why, none other than Welter T
Colqeilt—‘he first snan to disseminate dieueior,
doctrines amidst the very people o whom he
now expresses affeetmn for the Union I II
thacousci.usness of hypuora-'y cen'.tl mantle
that man’s cheek with the blush of shame, iu
impress woald be indelible. But a few monies
since, and, in his judgment, it were more
honorable for the Southern pesp’e to engage
to a strife against 'tin Government, with their
“erffiee on Iknr backs,” than to sobmit to the
Compromise uiemure* o' Congress For h:s
nvn part, be asserted, if Georgia did aubuii
,o them, lie would "sell out and move to a
tree State”— he would not abide among euc'j
abject suhmiseionists. Now, Mr. Colquitt is
on the Georgia Platform, be says I— now he is
•he exponent of true Union sentiments I
New he imputes 'othe party who opposed hie
-reasonable purposes of last year, a design to
oMtermijui Jiw- WCJ aiuux. of. aha ILsimU
auen, at least, is toe intorerco 1 drew from his
remarks. Mr C. laid particular stress upon
hi* devo.ion to Georgia He wu born, raised
and educated hors; b>* family and oonaaxions,
many of them, were entombed in her soil;
and ho, abort all others, could have no motive
in contravening the expressed will es her
people in solemn Convention assembled.
Yet he said, in advance of the so expressed
will, be would desert Georgia, so l his slaves
aad go to a free State, if the people presumed
to determine contrary te his wishes !
Such ie the man who ia now representing
the position of Jodge MaDar.a'd and his party
in ibis county. Such is the m?n who claim,
to be, with them, a Ireton man. But he is
sot honest. I say he is riot honest, beea.se
not a word in favor es the Union did I hear
him unor. On lhe contrary, ho denounced
the acts of the Governmant, he burlesqued
the stars and "tripes the flag of our conutry.
and mocked our national anthesis He re
cited, with the grimmaoe of an accomplished
bufioen, portions of thai time-honored ode,
'-The Star spanglad Baooer,” and conver ed
intu ridicule the very strain that should appeal
to every patriot’s heart and breathe joy to the
seul of a freeman. He a Union man! Hs
lore his country ! Hie selfish, narrow con-
Uac'ad mind is net suscept.tile of illumination
by euch exalted sen imsuts. Il is too bad, that
such men—each arcant political hypocrites
should ba permitted to go “nnwhipped ol
juriine " They literally assume tho ‘‘livery
ol Heaven to serve the Devii in ”
Another gentleman, aMr Ramsay, spoke
here, and asserted that Mr. Cobb was in favor
es Government co-ercton, in tho event of
South Carolina’s seeeding. He spoke, too
with a fall knowledge of Mr Cobb’s senti
rnents apou the subject, and Anarn his assertion
to beinconect- He knew that Mr. Cobb had
expressly denied being in ftvor of any thing
nf the kind, aud yet, <o effect a se’fish, party
purpose, he dared to practice this fraud upon
his hearers .' The same speak r also declared
that the doctrines of Mr. Cobbs last letter
were “morjod um than the alien and sedition
law!’’ Wherein it was so, be di* not say.
He neither read that ’e’.tcr, nor any por ion
of it to his audience, that ih»y might, from the
dscauient itself, judge the correctness or in
correctness of hu assertion, but insde his
sweeping denunciation upon no authority
wnarever—choosiug rather to damn himself
than du hie opponent just'ce f
Snch is tho character of the contest, and
such its instruments in tins region. If a sap
prersion of truth, a perversion of facts and
an Qt/prinoipled assertion of error, b*> permit
ted to exercise a temporary sway, then may
Mvn.sether Conn •, uni r the inflntuce ol
certain fire eating speakers, give her vote for
McDonald and disunion it is to be hoped
that w\ser, better and mure virtuous counsels
will prevail.
Mr Birjimin H. Hill, of County,
responded to th* speech of Mr. Kamsay, and 1
am tnforioe j that be was signally siiccusxfiil n
confounding his opponent. I heard many
persons express their approbation of his ar
gumont, and their enhre concurrence in his
views upon the issues ol the day. The posi
tion of Mr Ramsay, when Mr. Hill gut
through, has beau represented to uis, uc any
M’”, Ctisftb^S**Marpn*wy atvarevs. d »»»o
pie at tb«s place on Tuesday hat Confining
himself entirely o facte and orgumiAts. he
Wielded an infldance *uch or fae a and argu
ment nuiFi eiercire upon intelligent and honest
minds. Ravpectf.illy youas Union.
For the Chronicle if* Sentinel.
Thomas «J. Burney, Kaq., of Morgaa.
Ma bison, Ga., Sept. 3, 1851.
D«. Joxks:— As Thomas J. Burney, is now
become somewhat conspicuous in these parts as
a fire mating orator, and as he now belongs to
•hat natty which balievca the South to hare been
defrauded and degraded bv the Compromise nets
of a lato Congress, I send you, for publication,
the following letter addressed by .Air. Burney to
the Macon Union celebration committee. I hope
you wi’l put the last clause in italics—it will su
percede the necessity of much comment. Here
is tho letter:
“Madison, Feb. 15th, 1851.
”Gentlemen :— Youra of tho7thinat.. inviting
me to |oin wichtha friends of tho Union in cel
ebrating the approaching anniversary of VVaah
ingron’s birth day in tha city of Macon, has been
received. It w»uld afford me great pleasure to
bn with you on that occasion, but a previous en
gagement places it beyond my power. I was one
of those who at an early period took the position
that tbe Compromise bills then pending before
Congress, although they rid not secure tho South
aZ/she had a right to demand, yet, under the cir
cumstances, offered ths only practicable mode of
settling unrcably the vexed question of slavery.
1 see much stronger reasons now, for acquiescing
in the rettlemeut, that the measures have be
come the laws o» the land.
“ You have seeded a suiteb/e ceeristcn io admin
ister a rebate to itcesc who are still agitali ig the
subject of slavery, by refusing their acquiescence
to te'se measures
in jeopardy theveacs and harmony, if not the per
petuity of the Union. Very respectfully,
’ Thomas J. Burney.
“To Mess r 9. A. H. Chappell, and others com
mittee.”
There, Mr. Thomas J. Burney, do nut “shake
your gory locks at me.” I did not do it. You
have condemned yourself, and nothing now re
mains but to die as decently as circumstances
will permit—and God in his mercy, Ac.
U iri o v.
Por the Chronicle «f* Sentinel.
To Wm. H. Chambtrn, Esq., Editor Co
lumton* Sentinel.
NO. 1.
I have for some time intended to call your at
tention to one or two points suggested by your
editorial, headed “ Mob Law,” under date of
14th ult., I now carry my intention into effect.
When 1 assure yon lam nut actua ed by mere
partisan prejudice, the tone of my remarks will
corroborate my declaration. My sole intent’on
is to point out to you tbe dangers o tnc coun
try of the course you a e pursuing with refer
enee to the matter*of the day, and to ehow you
that you are doing as ranch, with a few excep
tions, to placs “Mob Law’’ in the ascendant
as any ether man in the State.
And 1 wd here premise* that when people’s
minds become very much inftamd as to any pur
pose they wish to carry oat, regardless
of the law and of the constituted authorities,
then it is they are prepared for “Mob Law.” it
marera not upon what subject thev are inflamed
—just so they are inflamed, an 4 then th y are
ready for excesses. Let the people of .Musco
gee county, for instance, become wrv much ex
cited by s-ch infiammatory append as arc made
to them by the disunion press and orators ci
Columbuß, and th» y are prepared, not only to
hang negroes under the sanction of “Mob Law,”
bat they araal.o prepared to erect the Guillotine
•ad ply the bloody axe whenever their judgments
shail have become so blinded by excitement as
to indicate the victim. 1 doubt very much
whether “Mob Law” would have prevailed in
other city in this state rave vuurs, for the
rimpie reason that the people are no where so
much incited as ia Columbus.
Do not misapprehend ire at this point. I wish
it distinctly understood, that I know nothing ut
the persons engaged in the riot in Columbus,
and that lam as little acquainted with their pol
itics. In all probability there were as mnny
‘Union’ men engaged in it, as ’Southern Righ’»’
men. Possibly there may have been more.
Snli this docs not change the position wnic*h
1 have taken, that when tbe popular mind be
comes ve»y much inflamed, either pro or con,
upon any subject, it ia rendv for excess—prepared
to be governed by “Mob Law.”
Yob commence the editorir.l to which I have
reierred w th :he following paragraph:—
“Oar community has just i>cen made co witness
tbe most high-handad and humiliating act of
violence that it has ever been our duty to chron
icle. A human being has been seized without
aw bv an infuriated mob, and all thisin a Jan i
that boasts ol its ir.ttll geiue. its public spirit,
ns patriotism, and that oairas to be a land of
Christianity. We blush with shame at the
thou* hi.”
Let me assure you that if vou and I live to see
the triumph of the disorrnnhing and destruc
tive doctrines w hich you teach in your column,
wp wtii nave mm.h m*e to Sush so we eur
seives Are not too aom decapx a-cd— than tne
ixecuti'n of one negro by an infuriated mob
You are now s -wing the wind, and if it is not • ip
ped in the bud. tome of us will have to reap tha
whirlwind. You are now attempting to raise
a »torm which you would in vain seek to control.
Your voice then when it spoke of “intelhrence,”
o’ “ public e irit.” of “ patriotism” and of
Christianity” would be lost in ths rush of the
mighty wirg of the tempest, and your arm
which might to stay tbe tide, would be
MJGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING. SEPTEMBER 10. IHSI
swept like a leather before the surging torrent.
I believe you to be an honest mtnanaa Chris
tian, and that you think your course ia for the
best. For Heaven’s sake, and for the sake of
humanity, think more soberly and seriously up
on the course you are pursuing, and my word for
it, the “sober second thought” will induco you
to cease your advocacy of doctrines which will
make b-tuos of men, and vhich will substitute
the reign of demons for that of the meek and
*owiy Jesus, Anti-Jacobin.
Por the CkrcnicU df* Sentinel.
Tho Diseassion at Alexander--Messrs*
Toonibn--?!eYiillan->-BteptieDS*
Musans. Editors:— As lam not quits sure I
ehall not bo classed with “anonymous scrib
blers,” in which event, a portion of Mr. McMil
lan’s invective agaiast them will fall upon my
devoted head, I feel inclined to dcpiecats his ire,
bv begging his pardon for reporting the discus
sion which came off on Saturday last, the 30th
ult.,at this place. As I feel disposed, however,
“nothing to extenuate, nor au?ht in malice to
set down,” I hope he will allow me to pass
scot-free. Why be afraid, or ashamed of the
truth! for though like others, I may have my in
dividual opinions, yet when reporting the view?
or sentiments of others, I desire to epcak the
ords of “truth and soberness.” Trusting that
this pledge aid its redemption on my part, will
secure me against his sweeping denunciation oi
“anonymous scribblers,” I solicit from him the
.-a-ne calm and dispassionate judgment of this
article and the writer, as he seemed inclined t<»
manifest in the discussion on Saturday lagt. I
ask no more; if its is disposed to be just, not to
say uenaroua. he will not surely aco.»rd me less.
The discussion was opened about 11 o’clock
by tho Hon. Robert Toombs, Col. A. J. Lawson,
and Jas. H. Royal, Esq- presiding, and Dr. R. H,
Belt and Judge Da via acting ns Secretaries He
sketch® i in a concise, rapid and masterly man
ner the legislative history’ of the country, in con
nection with that great and momentous question
of sueh vital interest to the South, from the »d
--thepassage of the
will be impossible for me* in this brief notice, to
do justice to thi* able effort nf ourdiatinguiehed
Representative. Let It suffice to soy, in the
opinions of those best acquainted with him, it
was characterised by more than nsual ability.
The following points were argued with the most
triumphant and hsppy success—the assertion,
recognition and adoption of the great republican
principle, which the South had conceded in the
ever msmorab e Missouri Compromise, and had
never been able to regain until tho late settlement
of *so—that a people orming a Constitution hod
a rignt to decide for themselves their relationship
to slavery to tho entire exclusion of Co ng res
si mal interferjnee—Congressional non-interven
tion, (chimed by the bouth with such singular
unanimity) as the basis upon which territorial
bills were framed—and the full guarantee of our
constitutional tights for theiecovorv of fugitive
s aves in the fugitive slave bill. These point#
wore most triumphantly sustained in an able ar
gument replete with that terseness of expression,
vigor of thought and power of condensation so
characteristic of the extempore efforts of this dis
tinguished gentleman. At ths termination of
his heur and a quarter, Mr. McMillan,his com
petitor, arose and in a speech of one huur and
three quarters, sustained with considerable abil
ity, tho cause oi Southern Rights. He opened
with an admission most unfortunate for him in
this section. He boldly declared that so far from
being on tho Georgia Platform, he was in hos
tile opposition to it. He fearlessly pronounced
its pillars rotten, first, however, carefully remo
ving his choice lor Governor (Charles J. Mc-
Donald) lest he should encuun‘sr aorne damage
in its fah, which he prognosticated (Quere? how
can our Burke ir ends support him after this
avowal?) He announced himself, however, fur
the Constitution and Union of <ur fathers. (Is
that the masked battery ?) Hie main points
were—.he recognition by Congress of the squat
ter sovereignty of California was virtually the
passage of the “Wilmot Proviso”—tho refusal
by Congrosi to remove the impediments to the
slavehuldei contemplated by Mr. Seddwn’s
amendment, i/derrentiyn against t'avcry— the
penalty in th." bill abolishing tho slave trade in
the District, implied the power of Congress over
slavery—and the usual objections to the practi
cal operation of the Fugitive -Slave bill. But
unfortunately for Mr. McMillan, ho does not
?oem to be well posted up as to his party’s opin
ions, for while to a Whig, the premises he laid
down would have been tenable and his argu
ments legitimate, to him. who had always acted
with a party yvho held the very principles he as
sayed, as not only proper and orthodox,but essen
tially republican, they were destine : to prove not
only useless, but in tne hands of so skillful end
adroit a debater as his opponent. w» uld even be
turned against him with considerable forca and
effect. As was expected, Mr 1 combs in his re
ply referred him to his party’s endorsement of
Gen.’l Cass’ principles in the Presidential cam
paign—the denial by the Democratic Convention
of *47’48 of the power to Congress to legislate
either for or against, mediately < r immediately,
directly or indirectly on the subject nf slavery,
denying the existence of any Mexican laws (im
pediments) to their exclusion ; that if the eman
cipation penalty was an enuring wedge, it had
been one fur the last fifty years il being the law
of Maryland at the time of its cession—and that
Mr. Mason, a Southern Rights Senator, was
changeable with the imperfection, if any, of the
Fugitive Slave bill, as he drew it up. After this
triumphant vindication of his course, which was
loudly and tapturously applauded, the company
repaired to the table to partake oi a barbecue
which had b«en prepared for the uccasiun. Alter
ance bcf-HO us wa®'il Vtm-t enrpme,
ance'before us wa« ii tiin-e SKw<.*«^re«r'earpme,
(many of ua not anticipating such a pleasure,)
took the stand. It was bin first appearance be
fore a large portion jf bis audience which would
havo been at least as large acam •* it was (about
four hundred) had i’ baen certainly known that
he would attend with Mr. T. But h-jw shah i
describe the effect he produced ! Never has it
been my fortune to listen to a more able, eloquent,
argumentative, thrilling and painted speech;
never an orator ba o w toon uch i hold upon my
feel ngs and ju igmenL Theie is n marked con
trast between the eloquence of this distinguished
Georgian and his eoileague of the Bth Congrce
slonal district. While that of t e latter is ol
that rapid, strong and impctuoite kind v hich fal
ling upon the ear tn deep, full n:id mellow tones
hurries th* !istencron by its vehemence,in cnsity
and seemingly inexpressible fl »w of thought,
ihatof the f rmer is characterized by a pointed
ness of apt iication, a thorough mattery of the
subject, pathos of expression mid a comprehen
sive power of analysis, which conveyed in those
peculiar fife-like notes (once huard is never for
gotten) seldom fail to arrest the attention and
enchain the mental faculties u nil the subject is
presen’ed in such a light as to render the argu
ment almost irresistible in its power to convince.
His vindication of Mr. Cobb and the Union
Constitutional party, in the opening of his speech,
from the senseless and ridiculous aaperaions
cast upon them, wae most triumphant. He
demonstrated most conclusively, that ihe Com
promise measures were in strict accordance with
the demands oi the South, as expressed in their
meetings from primary to legis alive and con
ventional, and could be honorably acquiscedin.
His advocacy of tne principles of .he U. C. party,
(the Constitution and the Unbn both,) made me
feel proud to be associated with a party which
could be de coded with such signal ability and
success. In tho brief review of his course in
Congress, he had occasion to allude to the
denuncia’ion and vile abuse which was hesped
upon him, for daring to entertain tho opinion
tha’ the Mexican laws would continue in force
until repealed by Congress, ico vid not but feel
the deepest compassion for some under the in
fliction of the severe and scathing rebuke, ad
ministered tc them for the coarse and slander
ous epithets heaped upon him for declaring the
existence of impediments to the entrance of the
slaveholder into our acquired territories by the
same individuals who are now ready to dissolve
the government for refusing to removo tbe so iden
tical obstructions, tbe existence of which they
denied with so much acrimony. The causticity
of bis remarks excited no very pltaiurable sen
sations in the brees’s ol those who bad exhibited
so little charity toward him. Turning around to
those who had pronounced him “unbound on
the alavorv question,” he exclaimed “unsound/ ’
“unnund/” The tone of indignant reproach in
which It was uttered gave point to the irony and
sarcasm it conveyed. There are always to be
found some who in their fancied security, are aure
to expose sooner or later tbe vuh enble coin’s of
the mall of political infallibility in which they
inc ise themselves, through which a skillui a 1-
versary is sure to inflict a ranAHngr wouni.
Leaving them to extricate themselves as they
could, from their anomalous position he advert
ed to the action of Congress upun the territorial
question, pro»iug mostcunciusiv-ly that in the
rejection by C mgress of Mr. Suda »u’s amend
ment for flavor v, and Mr. Felch, against it, the
doctrine of non-intervention had ouen fully ear
ned out After a britf allusion io the extreme
stringency of thj provisions of the Fugitive
Slave bi i, he concluded, with a most eloquent and
stirring appeal to the honest and conservative
men of the country, in beds if of the Union
and the Consti’ution, and in vindication of the
honor and dignity of the State of Georgia.
People of Burke, will you listen to the “words of
truth and soberness.” Abibtides.
Res j OMte of Me. ?iaswerthy.
Bchkx Cobntt, Aug. 15 1851.
To Messrs. John Boou, Wm. W. Sturges, 8.
and others.
Gkbtlkken : To the questions propounded
by you to the Candidates lor the Legislature for
thia county. 1 submit th* followiog replies:
To your first question i answer :
In lie compact or Cons’iiuiion entered into
by the co federate States, each State has delega
ted certain -pe r ific powers therein enamera'ed,
and ander the name of trie General Govern
ment lefi’la:-s within these powers for the
benefit of itsq f ard the other co-federate States
through i*.s representatives, which are of.*
lold efaameter ; one, the re present at he of tbe
sovereignty and equality of tne S'a:u, tbe other
of the citixens of the B*ate in their aggregate
cspsc-ty; hence it follows that the sovereignty
of eica State is not verged into that of tbe
General Government, bat only so much delega
ted as is essentially necessary to secure the su
premacy oi ah a :a passed ia pursuance of the
provisions of the compact each State retaining,
m every other respect, its individual sovereigu-
your second question 1 answer :
Under the Contutution. the Supreme Court
of tbe United Stales is ibr proper branch for
the adjudication of the qaebLons of eonstita
ality and ancons ita’.ioz a ity ; but the Constitu
non itac’f being a tomptc: betweea sovereign
States in wmdi each State is cne pnrty teit;
and all its co federate States, as io itself, ’.be
other party; frtin its very nature, each parti
r*MS the right to juugs of its iofnetwo, and
through • separate ludapsndect Convention of
i s ciLzensto dec de *s to ra future action.
To your fi*-st “pertineui” qis non 1 an
swer:—‘Undir existing dreams.ancee” I am
for the Union of the States.
To your second •‘per.iueut” question. I aa
ibwer: —I am opposed ! o its reversal
To your third ••pertinent” question, I an
swer No.
To your fourth “pertineDi’* question I an
swer No; tnough in my opinion it was the
duty of Congress to acknowledge the tight
of the slaveholders to enter the territory ac
quired from Meiice with his property. The
failure however to da so, does not impair the
...
As I entertain ne opinions which I a© either
afraid or ashamed to avow | and cheerfully
acquiescing in the right which yen claim of
knowing my sentiments; I frol no hesitation
in thus giving them a public expression.
1 have the honor to be, your obedimt ser
vant, William Nxswoxthv.
Messrs* Milledge and Walker's Accep
tance.
We have the pleasure this morning of lay
ing before the public the acceptaecetof Messrs.
MiLLEDesand Walkzti of the nomination
tendered them by the Cons.itutional Union
Part of Richmond as their candidates for the
Legislature. Wa deem it unnecessary to en
ter into any de ailad commcndat on of these
gentlemen. They have been personally too
long and familiar’/ kaown to the people of
the county, and their political principles too
well established to render it proper or expe
dient.
AvGTtTA, Sept. 5, 1851.
Gentlemen, Your note informing nae of my nom
instion by tbe Cenetitu ioual Us ion Party as one of
befr cand>dates to represent the cousty of Rich
mood in the aait General Assembly, his been re
ceived. a
I deem it unnecessary to say more in m y reply,
'ban to assure mv fellow citizens, through ysu, that
should it be their pleasure to ra’ify and confirm this
nomination (wh ch I now aoept) by electing me to
the high and office dosigoated. it will
be my constant eff >rt, with all the ability I may pna
sees, to protec* and advance their interest and pros
perity. With very great respect, 1 ana your obtiTi
ent servant, JNO. MILLEDGE, i
Messrs. TC. Brilges, Owens, and H. |
Camming, >A.. *» I
Chett CHAfiB, Rlv§tsi©nd eaunty, Sept.
Gentlemen,— Your letter of the 2nd instant, i*
which I ana notified, that on that day I had been by
“acclamation, nominated as one es the candidates es
the Constitutional Onion Party, to represent tbit
county in the House of Representatives of the next
General A»seai. ly,” in which I am also assured of
she “hearty sopp irt of the party,” and req jesting
iny acceptance of the noarnation, is before ia».
I have no aspirations, gentlemen, connected with
the distiection which mere eflite confers. My only
ambition has been to secure the reputation of a good
neighbour an 4 n good citizen. This reuewed in-
H'.anoe of the confidence of th" people, I sm please 1
te believe, indicates that to some extent, I have suc
ceeded in the «?eco » p’ishment es my wishes. And
I am deeply grateful lor the cordiality and unanim : ty
which characterized, on the part of the Convention,
the expression of their favorab’c opinion.
1 accept the nomination, ia the full confidence that
tho assurance of the “hearty support of tho party’’
will he amply redeems j. Unknown to, and from
tho d fference of our pursuits, mingling but little
with the citizsus of Augusta, they have novoriheleus,
heretofore in a loyal and liberal spirit taken me “upon
trust.” And while I look upia my*elf as more im
mediately the re present ati*a of tbe Agricultural in
terest of the county, I have end avored terepa/ thtir
c nfidence, by an nnfoltering advocacy of the inter
ests and privileges ofths City.
I iare the honor to be very respect fully your
obliged fellow citizen, A C. WAI KE:<*
Messrs. T. C. Bridges, W. J. Owen;, and H. H.
Cumming, Committee.
Response es Mr. Conuelly.
To M*si:rs. J hn Wm. W. Sturges,
K. Randolph, Alox. Mclkenig and 8. P.
Davis.
Gentlemen :—l fully recognise tbe right of a
eonstitueiiey to inquire into, and ascertain the
opinions of (hose who seek their suffrage for su
important a trust as a seat ia tho L*.'g ; s!ative
Councils of the State, at any time, and more
particularly now, when the permanency of our
Government is threatened, and a radical change
tn its political charact-r, is sought to e ma’e
In a crisis, like the present, the opinions es
candidates ought to be aareservedly given
and thoroughly understood. Sabjo'.ned, you
have ruy answers to certain queu ions pro
punrde * o>e as a candidate for Seeator, to
represent tbe Ninih Senatorial District in the
next Legisiatuie.
In reply to vour first prefatory question
and ts the first b aneh of tbe question, “ What
relation does the State beer to the General
Government t” I answer:—The same which
a party bears to a contract, when the obligations
to comply with its cnnditioßs are of tbe highest
moral and political cbarac er.
To the second branch of inquiry contained
iu tha general question—la :he act ratifying
the Constitution of the United States, “was
S ato sovereignty merged into t*at of the
common Govern nent! ’ I reply not wholly
The powers specially enumerated in the
Con?t’»unen es rhe United S ates, an J which
the General Government has been in the con
slant excrciro of from its rntifisation down to
tho present tuns, and which maik the distinc
tive fear are ard attributes ol sovereignty the
State partsd with— no more. The soveroigir’y
and powers not specified in the Cunati uuon
of the United B:ates, are reserved to the States,
or the p*top o.
r in reply to rhe first pari of your second
timate power ro decide*ripun th•
ality of laws : is it oxelnsively ia tho General
G vernment, or any branch of it f” For
a t vases arising under the Constitution, I re
fer you to the 2d Sec., 31 Art of the Consti
tution of the United States- la reply to the
portion of ihe question, “Do you hold that
States, may lawfelly decide for themselves,
end each S ate tor itself, whether in a give i
case, lie act of the General Government
tranecende its powers!” 1 bold, in the lan
guage cf the Virginia and Kentucky reeolu
t’ous toatin casesol palpable and dangerous
violation* of the Constitution of (be United
S atss. each State by virtue of id? sovereignty,
•nay rightfully decide fer itself, not only es ihe
infraction, tut the m«de and measure of re
dre-s.
To the first pertinent question, “Under exir
’ing circums*. ncea are yoo jar, or against the
Union of the Stu ee?” I answer, i am for
ihe Union of the States.
To tha set' nd pertinent question, ‘Do you
favor as an ulterior object, a reversal of the
decision of the people of Georgia oo the Ceui
promise ru-asures. •<» solemnly made in Con
vention : if eo what mode and measure of re
dress for past grievances do you propose?”
1 reply, /do net favor a reversal of that decis
ion.
To the third pertioent question. “Da yeu
hvld the doctrine that a Statu, may r ghtfully
and properly dissolve her connection with the
Federal Government at pleasure, and without
cause ?” I reply that Ido not, and no 1 have
fraid in answer to the first prefatory question,
i believe there is tbe highest moral and politi
ea obligation resting upo<> States, to comply
with the ob imooaed, by the Conkli n
tion of the United Slates.
To the fourth quae ion, ‘ Do you believe
that Congress by the recentcnac’metra known
as the Compromise measures, rubbed the
Southern State.; of all their inters, t in tbe
territory acqmrod from Mexico nud imposed
upon them, as a condition of their remaining □
the Union— degradation and inequality ’’ Iu
reply to ibis quesuun i answer, that i cannot
better express ray views aud fielings upon
this subject, than to refer yon to .he reselations
of the late Georgia Convention, all of which
received my assent upon their passage, in the
Convention, and / standby them now Very
respectfully, your fellow-citizen,
P B. CONNKLLT.
Rhett- McDonald - Disunion*
Yesterday wo established very conclusively
that Mr Rhett did a*t speak unadvisedly ol
the l bugl* blast" cf General Quitman ; and
the subjoined paragraph from tho
Courier leaves no d >ubt that he und« retendc
equally well tho position of Gov McDonald,
b ; s Georgia bagleman Wh common 1 this
paragraph to tho espeoiri consideration o r the
voters «t Georgia, who are int ed in know
ing the real pos.iton of Gov McDonald It
is known te you tha’be was a member, ( V>co
Preside >t) of the firel, and President of ihe
second Na»hvife Convention—that he favored
tbe assembling es a Suu.hern Congress, the
eh ect of which was (as m*w avowed py its
adveca es aud su -porters) to diooke the
Union and establish a Southern Confad-racv.
Te thia Congress. Charlie J McDovald ia
an ddoress to the p op'e of Georgia, urged
them to send delegates. Knowing these thmgc,
Mr. Rhxtt knew bis man, sad did not speak
without authority as to the blast oi his bugle,
corona later occasion, when he is *aid to
have seserted that “his letter was understood—
that letter is intended for Georgia.”
Note it Dows. —It is kn wa that Mr. Rhett of
Sou b Carolina Eason more than ooe occasion cob
pbm>*nted Gov. McDonald, awd alluded to his co
op--r ' ion in she forruitioQ of a Southern Confederacy,
and many have wjQJered why McDonald ? a iaie
non: m . itul latter to tbe Charleston co-operation
committee has been p.isee 1 *'ver in silence by Mr
Rbeit and his er.an, tbe M-rcary. VV« are able
to give ihe public a solution cf this matter. A gen
titm .n ire® South Qaroi na, wh ) is a diauniooist. in
roiivt ration upon this subject the rtner day, aiij—
that when in tbe presence of Mr. Rbe'.t, the charac
ter of Mr McDaMjald’s letter w«a referred to oa a re
cent occaa ; un, Mr. Rheit remarked “Oh that is all
undcrslcod ; tha' letter is intended for
or words lo hit effect. Now we the of
Geor/ia to marz well lire fact; for we have our in
forc.atten from an undoubted source, and to pause
before they gre Cteir votes to a mtn who would
thus tnia with their rights aati interests.
Union Meating in Ebudusl.
At a meeting of the CwßMitaiional Union
pariv of Emanuel County, at Swainsboro, on
tbe first idbL, on motion. A. L Kirkland, Esq ,
wan called to the Chair, and Ezekiel Chfton
was requested to act as Secretary. The ob
ject of the meeting being explained, on mo
lion, of E. B. Lewis E q , tbe Chair appointed
a Committee of five for tee purpose of addres
sing a letter of idv tation to the Hon Reber:
Toonibe, and the Hon. Charles J. Jsnk ns in
viting :h*tn to a Free Bvbecae, to be given in
Swainsboro ot the 15d> inst The following
gent’eoien were appointed that Committee,
J‘bu C Summers, John Oglesby, E. L.
8.-owc, E. B. Lewis, and 8. Williamson,
Esq s.
Kesohoed. That these proceedings be pub
lished in the Chronicle and Senuuel and Sooth
ern Recorder, and that the thanks of inis meet
ing be returned to ihe chairman. Oa motion the
meeting adjourned.
A. L. hißKUur>. Ch’r.
Ewkiel Cliftan, Sea’y.
Mr, Rliett»-(iuitmau-->Scoeaslon.
It will ba recollected that Mr. Rhett, seme
time since announced io a speech in Charles
ton that Quitman and McDonald were blow
ing a bugle blast in Mississippi and Georgia.
What the character of that blast was ia the
opinion of Mr. Rhett, no impartial man
doubted; and that their conjecture was cor
rect. so far as Quitman is concerned, is mide
apparent by the subjoined letter from Jas. A
Ltwisof Chester Diet. So. Ca. to his friend
Dr. R. D. Brown, of Mississippi. Dr. Brows
ie represented in Mrsissippias it gentleman of
high character, and he vouches for tho position
of Mr. Lewis.
Interesting' Letter from South Carolina.
New Prospect, Miss,, Aug. 21, ’sl
Edilgr, es ihe Flag-f th, Uaion.— Enclosed
I sens you a letter jast received by me from
an old friend —a planter in South Carolina—
for whoae integrity and honor 1 cm vouch.
As it reveal* some important facts, you are at
liberty to publish the same.
Very Respeet ully, R. D. Brown.
Chester Grote, S. C. ?
August 2d, 1951. J
Dear Sir :—I avail myself of the privilege
es eur fsruier acquam ancn to address a short
letter to ‘yen on the subject ol our present
political position here and the probable bearing
earning evinlg its your State may hare on the tel
tima c aclian in cure. This tmu last year the
people ol South Carolina were unied to a
naan, in the opinion teat South Carolina shouh
unite with her sister States of the South, in
resisting a I Nertber* aggressions, whether
ihroujh the Federal Govsrnment or by the
States, individually. Our unanimity was sin-
But certain men who make their boa-t
"labored continually for the last 30
years (S break up up this government; that
life iteeifh*. always bsen an inr-,.
posiliaWon lira oou.lßmu
ti»n, d*wu te the present day, has been a con
liuuaM sane, of oppression." taking advantage
of she disaacisfao.ion prevailing amongst eur
citiiens, have thought it a pro*er time t* carry
out their long cherished designs. Hence the
ae'ion in our last legislature, taring our cili
xens double, and providing for the election of
in mb«ra to a convention for ihe purpose es
seceding from the Union, and perpetrating a
fraud npnn the people by ordering the election
fj’tkuilh, before any discussion of tho atari's
of 'h* qae.tioncould ba bad. By eyfUmatie
juggling, a majority es tbe members to this
eoa'ention are for escessisn and soma of
onr presses declare that it is the intention of
ihe convention te secod* when it convenes.
T ere is ruuoli misgiving amongst those even
who have advocate! that moasnre; but all
kinds of niaccaovring have been resorted to,
to qoieb their fears and sileaeo their doubts.
Oneofyvbieh is, that although Mitiieeipfi re
pukiaUe eeuteien and is willing to aeqaiesce iu
ibe compromise, yet. General Quitman writes
encouragingly to some of our secession lead
era, urging them by all means to keep Seutb-
Carolma up to the rack—to aiake her secede ;
that alth ragh Mississippi is not ready for se
cesrion.herself, aud it will not do for bins to
cak* ihi* stand, yet if South Carolina will only
bring on the issue, he will sustain her. Now,
my dear air, Ido most earnestly object to this
course in your candidate for Governor. It
is true we do wish most heartily to unite our
counsels with yours to devise measures for
our future protection fro n that fell spirit of
fanaticism tn our Northern Brethren, that is
sacking through Congress end by all other
means to circumscribe and smother out the in
stiu ion of slavery ; but we wish il to bean
open and avowed unien of sentiment and
action, in which we can say not only to o< r
owa people, bat to the world, that the whole
peep’s of all the si veholding States are de
termined to uphold that institution against the
world ; that on an alarm, they will unite with
all th"ir force, moral and physical, to protect
themselves ; bnt we de not wish to unite our
selves to a faction, even if that faction is head
ed by General Quitman. Tais asrarance
from such a disiingurehed source is calculated
io do the anti-seoassionists much injury ; for
we take the ground that tha whole South
shoul I co-opera'e, an I this is thrown into our
'eetli, to show that secession is the only thing
that will bring about 00-oprration; and so
confident are some *f our rabid secession!,’*,
that ihey are witling to bat largely, that if Quit
man of Mississippi and McDonald of Georgia,
are elected, that South Carolina will secede.
A, to the fret of Q'tiimau’s writing letters
of tho import above alluded o, Rhett in his
speech near Rossville, on the 4 b of July, as
serted that Q'li'.rsi'n hid witlen that to him
Col. Maxey Gregg, who t* the man of the
most charaaur in the Slate, who favors seces
s on, and who is onset' lira central couimiueo
appoin ed by the Southern Rightsconvention io
c rreepond with distinguished persons in
oiher Stales, received a letter from him which
be has shown to several gentlemen of our
district, the purport of which is, that Soutn
Carolina must eeredc. and that then i inis
eippi will whip ia—and there ure o’hers that
mightbe memiouod. We object most heard
Independent cf
deceive the people of both Slates, —'o cheat
them into a pcsitian they do not with to occu
py, merely to gra ify some aspiring individu
als Did you know that Qaiiman wss tossied
on the 4th es July by some of our chivalry as
the first President of the Southeru Confedera
cy 1 Straws show which way the wind
blow*.
Pardon any mistakes. Skip the places you
can’t read, and if you are a sec ssion st pon
der well the facts i here stated; hut if you
think as I do on the subject, giro (juUmnn hie
ours Write me on ihe receipt ol Uns, au<l
let me know the sta’e of tho political atrnoe
phere with you, and I shall he happy to cor
respond.
Very Respectfully,
Jas. A. Lewis.
Dr. Robert D. Brown.
To this letter when published in Mississippi,
Gen. Quitmas made the following reply, in
which ha effects to deny its truth, and we de
sire the r’adar to scan closely his letter, and
tee how adroitly he evade, a direct douial or
disavowal of the charge. He says tince his
nomina ion for Governor he has n* recollection
of having writtea a letter to Carolina, bat ad
roil, that before hi, nomination in letters to
gentlemen of South Carolina, “I endeavored
to present the issues which were involved in
oar canvass, and I mat hire expressed the wish
that South Carolina wosld not recede from
the position which eha had assumed, and my
hope and expectation that Mississippi would
maintain the potition of reiittance ehe had
taken."
No impartial mind can road hi* letter with
outcoming to the conclusion that it is a virtual
admission of the truth of Mr. Lewis' state
ment, and even more.
SuMMsavitt*, Aug. 2S, ’6l.
Dr. IF. Q, Poindex'-er Pre ent: In my hur
ried canvass I have had only leiaure to read hastily
the " Union Beac-re, Extra," eoataining a letter pur
porting to be wilten by a Mr Jamea A Lewie, of S.
Carolina, to Dr. Hob’t D. Brown, in wbicn it ia
sc le t that I am urging th* secea-ion lead-re of 8.
Carolina by all means io heap that Stale up to the
rack, to make her secede; end that although Mia
•iasipp’ is not ready for seoeMion herself, and it will
not do for him (me) to lake ibia stand, yet if South
Csro'ina will only bring ra the issue, ba (I) will
main'ain her. This statement ie not true. Since
n y nomination for Governor I have no recollec
tion of having ever written a letter to Carolina.
Refare my nomination, ir.answ r tosomei' gui-ics
made by several gentlemen of t .at .'•'tale, 1 endea
cored to present the iosuee which were involved in
our canvase, and I may have expressed tho wish
that South ‘ a-olina would not recede :rom the
position which she has asrumed. and ny hope and
expectation that .Mississippi would maintain the
position of resistance she had taken
I bare ever mid, and say now, that I maintain tbe
ngb' of a sovereign State to recede; ant! should
■-outh Carolina or any other State recede, I am op
posed to the use of ooereive measure* on the part of
tbe Federal Gove-ameat to force her into the Un’en;
and I believe that M-.saiaaippi will maintain 'bi, a*
ner doctrine ; but I have never undertakea to speak
for her nor to pledge her to any enur e of action.
J. A. Quitman.
James Johnson, Es^. —We have reaeived
several letters, says the Columbus Enquirer,
from friend* in neighboring counties, relative
to the thousand mal gnant charge, now being
so industriously circaleted again-1 Mr. John*
son. The most of these charge, ar* se noto
riously untrue that it would be a waste of tirno
to contradict them. In one p.’aje he is charged
with being an Abelitionist; in another, that be
is an anti-slavery man, and refuses even to
own slaves; and in an therthat his family now
actual y reside in one of the free States, where
he ha, removed -hem to avoid the contamina
tion of slavery. Wa eav again, that such
cnsrges are so notoriously false as to sinlt them
below the hone,! cuu enpt of any decan: and
thinking man. Mr. Johnson is a ci'Jxen of
Columbus, where he whole of his family nave
resided for years, and where they expect to
reside in future; he own. soma thirty or forty
slaves, and expects to own them; and is as
free trom'be sin and stain of abolitionism, »,
any dunnioaist that now attempts tu de'ama his
reputation. Ho intends, however, 'o visit all
the counties of tbe District when bi, friends as
well as bis opponent, will have an opportunity
of hearing b , opinions, and judging for them
selves. He probably know, b e own views a*
well aeany of bis heartless slanderers.
The way is bo an orthodox prli'ician in
South Carolina, is very plain. First find out
what ths clique es big men who manage ma'-
ler, has determined ou, and gulp it down
without any examination. Second, denounce
everv one, whose credence is not so elratic. a,
a submission!,:, slave, traitor, &c , &c .; you
know if you gel tbe people to believe that the
dog is mad it must be killed whether it have
any hydrophobia or not Third, and last
item, poor out a deluge of iameotation over
the divisions in he State, which you nave help
ed to produce. We have seen thi, prescription
tried wi b the happiest effect.— AJsbeviUa Ettk
ieu Mtoceltanf.
tor the Chronicle Jf Sentinel.
TO HON. CIIAKI.HS J- MeDONALD.
McDonocoh, 19th Aug., 1851.
Sir: —ln years that havo passed, you and
I belonged to tho same political party, and as
I supposed, entertained ihe same opinions
concerning certain great doctrio is, which iu
times of peace and patriotism, might be theo
retical merely, aad harmless; butte wh.ch a
neighboring State is about to give practical
impor'anc*, sustained by the Conven'ion
whish nominated you as a candidate for the
office of Governor, and by the Secession
party in general Wo now differ. I know that
my opinions have not changed. Your com
mandmg position; your influence; the irn
poitanca es the principles involved; tha dan
ger of the crisis, and rnv own auxie y to know
ihe troth, end to embrace it when known ;
will, I trust, be received by you, as a sifliclent
apology tor my wishing to commune with you
upon the,o interesting topic,. I honest y be
here, that if the doeir ne, set forth by the
Ci nventton which nominal :d yon, and re
cently avowed by yourself, were to be gene
rally reaeived as the trie doctrines; this
Union would be bound together by a mere
rope es straw. They would infuse into the
States such a centrif gal force, that like th*
planets of the solar system, relieved irom the
a traction of gravitation, they would fly from
their orbits, and rush upon an unknown desti
ny. These doctrines would throw us bier to
tbe Uniou under the Articles of Confederation,
when,'as all know, each S ate was fully sove
reign, and from that very cause, possessed
this centrifugal force in sa great a degree,
that they had already bogan to move from
tlioir orbits ; and were only savad from that
unknown deviny, by th* adoption of the
Constitution, winch iufussd into the Unien
the at ractive force es national principles,
which thereby became the Sun of our politi
cal system, about which tho several States
~wi b their reserved moved in
"■native bjglituev, a»d aueoiated glory.
The Convention which nominated you,
selected ihisd**trine ot'asaassion, as the battle
field during the present canvass I wish to
stato corrsstiy, the positions of the two op
pos ng parties upon this field. The Secession
party contend, that each State ie independent
aad fully sovereign ; that by virtue of this
undivided and complete sovereignty, a State
may, at pleasure, seaods from the Un on,
unopposed by the Government of the Union
or by lheco-S ates. That if a State eomplan
'.hat the Constitutional compact has beau vio
liled, and in consequence thereof she pro
poses to secede her judgment is final and con
elusive upon all concerned ; and consequent
ly, neither th* Government of the Union, nor
the other States, though co equal parties to
that compact, have any right of judgment in
opposition to hers.
The Union party hold, that when there are
several parties to a compact, each has aa
equal right of judgment in regard to the
meaning of it, and of any alleged infraction of
its conditions. If one party to a contract,
violate it and will not be bound by it; tbe
other early is not bound. But who ie to judge
of this when there is no superior authority to
decioe 1 Each party, the accused as wa'l a*
be Accuser, baa an eqaal right of jsdgment |
If thia be not to, then any man can release
h taself from his contract, by simply accnsing
the other party of an intraotien and non ob
servance of it. No person of common sense
will pretend, that an individual ean io this way,
justly release himself from a coatract; and
what toysterieua, incomprehensible virtue is
there in sovereignty that oan authorize and
justify a State in dotng it ?
The Union party freely admit the right of
sftcewioH, but not by virtue of sovereignty.
They admit that a State may secede from this
Union, upoa tie principle on which the United
Provinces seceded from Spain ; en which the
Thirteen American Provinces seceded from
the British Crown ; on which the people of
France hive three several times struck d wn
vhree ihrones ; on which tho Greeks raised the
Crew against the Crescent and broke the Otto
man yoke from their necks; on which Mexico
and tho South American Republics seceded
from ihe Spanish monarchy ; and on which
Texas, one of the United Mexican States
seceded from the Mexican Union. It is that
principle proclaimed in the American Declara
tion of Independecce iu these words :
u We hold these truths to be self srideet ; at
all men are created equal ; that they are endowed
by their Creator with certain unalienable n?h’s ;
that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit ot
happiness. That to secure these rights, governments
are inbtituted mea, deriving their j 'st powers
from the consent of the governed ; that v henever
any form of gove r nmeot becomes destructive el three
ends, it is the right oi the people alter or to abolish
it, and to institute a new government, laying its foon
daticn on such principle*, and organizing its powers
in such ’orm, as to (hem thill see** most likely to
<.fiect their safety and happiness.”
The same principle ia sabstariti'i’.ly avowed
in the fourth Resolution of the Georgia Con
vention, lor which, as a member of that Con
vention, (gave my vote. Tots right of secession
or revolution (for they are the same) is con
fin*-d to no form of government, whether
Federal or National; Monarchical or R>pab
. icau Tfie Dacfew
becomes des’ructivo of these ends, it ie the
right of the peop e to alter or to abolish it ”
The Declaration no where pats the right of
secession upon the principlo o sovereignly,
but upon the principle of the unalienable right
of man to resist oppression aud protect him
self; and the Ainer can Colonies, though not
eoiereigo, but British dependencies at the
lime, ex ircisad thia right of seif-prutec’iou
and secession In the esses above alluded to,
some of the seceding or revolutionary parties
w*re sovereign and some were not; ono was
a State in a Union of States, and another a
consolidated Nation.
io opposition to the doc rine of tho Seces
sion party. I lay down the following proposi
tion, to wit:
The States severally, are not fully sovereign;
but the States, in their united character, con
stitute a nation which ia sovereign to the foil
extent of the delegated powers.
If I can sus’ain this prop Motion, then yo r
doctrine cf secession mu t fall ; icr if it b«
true that each Slate, when the Constitution
was adopted, united, (or t« use the language
of J fferson) amalgamated a portion of her
sovereignty, with the same portion of sove
reignty of every other State, so as to form
a natioax) sovereignty, separata, distinct and
independent of that which arch State . eserved
to herself; while that which was reserved ia
equally separate, dis’inet and independent of
that which was vos ted in the Union ; then it
c<iono be true, as the secession party contend,
that each State possesses all the sovereignty
which she possessed before the Coosii’.u ion
was adopted, and consequently, t tat the preo
ent Union is not National in principle, but
purely Federal, as it was under tbe Articles of
Confederation, and as it must be, if now as
then, each Slate retains all her sovereignty.
I will sustain my proposition—
-Ist. By the journals of the Convention by which
tbe Constitution was formed.
21. By tbeauthority of history.
3d- By the recorded opinions of the delegates in
that Convention.
4. By tho recorded opinions of Statesmen by
whom tho Constitution was a 'opted, and of those by
whom its adoption was opposed.
5. By the internal evidences of the Constitution
itself.
6. By reason and common sense.
Let me premise, that the Union under the
Articles of Confederation was purely federal;
these articles were a league between sovereign
States or nations; the second Article declares
that “Each Stalo retains its sovereignty, free
dom and independence.” The Congress was
a Contre?s of sovereigns; each sovereign or
State paid her own de'egate, could recall him
at pleasure, or instruct him while in Crngro»s
now to vote and act. Congress had no power
to pass !aws« that would operate upon indi
vidual citizens, the laws cou'd operate upon
the sovereign States only, and if a S ate would
not obey the law thare was no way to enforce
it but by war. The Slates frequently would
not comply with the law, especially with re
spect to the payment of their re«pecdve quota
of money in o the treasury Even Mr. Jef
fe'son recommended thai a frigate should be
sentout by Congress to se ze upon the com
meree of any defaulting S ate- The treaaury
became bankr jpt, Congress was palsied, the
Confederation became coutemp’ible and the
Union was fast sinking in its own fel lenew.
Many thought the evil might be remedied by
amending the Articles of Coafedera ion, so aw
to give Congress more power, especially as to
commerce. Congress, by a resolution r ecu tn
mended tha Steles to appoint delegates to a
Convention for this purpose, and the States
did appoint them, who met ia Convention in
Pailadelphia. These delegates were author
ized by *heir respective 8 ates to do no.hing
more t'an to amend theee Articles; but when
the Convention met, and the membe s cansult
ed with each other, a majority came to the
conclusion that the Art etas of Confederation
could not be amended so as to remove the evil
complained of. They believed tha thens evil*
wou'd coat nue eo long as each Slate retained
all her sovereignty, and Congress could pass
laws operating upon these sovereignties only,
and that it was neceasarv to form a National
Union and a National Government, by each
S'.ato jailing hat part of her sovereign power
which concerned all the Sutei, each as the
power to make war, enter into treaties, regu
late commerce and the like, with tue same
sovereign of evety other State, aud
givd the Government autnontv to paa< laws
and enforce them upon individual citizear,
(instead of .sovereign States) within the limits
of the powers delegated, while each Sta.e re -
tamed all sovereign powers whica concerned
her domestic interests only. And now I ap
peal to the Journals of t..e Convention by
which the Constitution was formed.
On the 2flth day of M*y, 1787, Mr. Randolph,
a delegate from Virginia, offered a senes of
resolations, of which the following was the
firs::
Rtscirtd., Tue.t the Articles of the Confederation
oagut to be &u corrected and enlarged as lo yccotc
plit-b the ©ejects pzopo»>cd by their iustitutioo, odme
ly : co uui n defence, sec j rity of liberty, and gen
era! welfare. These resolutions were eubini.ted to a
committee-
You will observe that thia resolu ioa pro
'Ofted co thing morelhaa o amend the Aru
cle. of ConfeJeraaon; but upon con.uluruou
he came io the conc.usion that a Union oi ino
States merely Federal, would not acGompiuh
VOL.LXV—NEW SERIES Vol. XV- NO. 37.
the objec.s aimed at. On the 30'.n May iln»
propositions of Mr. Randolph were road, and
upon his own motion tbe first one, (which i*,|
above and which proposes merely tv amend j
the /Articles of Con ede ration) was postponed, i
in pl ico of which he moved to substitute the i
following:
I Rcs<td, That tbe union of the flt&tes merely ,
Federal, will no’, aecsapiisk the objects proponed
by tbe Artisles of Confeeoratloa, namely, “oounnon
defence, security and general welfare.”
It was then moved by Mr. Butler, second*?:!
hyMr. Randoipn, to postpone the considera
tion of said resolution, in order to lake up the
following resolatioa submitted by Mr. Butler,
viz:
Resolved, That a National Government ought to
be established eonustiog of a Supreme Legislature,
Jadiciary and Executive,
It was moved by Mr. Road to psstpons the
consideration of the last resolution in order to
take up the following :
Resolved, That in ordar to earry into execution
ths design of the States in forming thia Ceavenifen,
and to accomplish tbe objects propped by the Con
federation, “a morstffaciive Government, aonristiag
of u Legislature, Judiciary and Executive ought to
be established.”
Read’s motion was lost Batlsr’s resolarion
then passed, six States in favor, one against it,
and cue divided. Oaths ISth of June, Mr-
Patterson submitted a aeries of resolutions ol
which the following is the first.
Rtto ved, That the Articles sf Csnfederatidn
engbt to b« so revised, corrected and rnlarged, as to
render the Fede nd Conftuutivn adeqaate to the exi
tjeneies of Govern neut and the preservation of tbe
Union.
Mr- Dickerson offered a resolution similar
to the above, which.as well ae those offered by
Patterson, was rejected. Tbe resolutions firs:
ffered by Ra idolph were men reported w»l>j
some alterations. You will notice that there
were t'rree resolutions pending before the
Co'.ivention at the same time as that of Run
do ph, which said that “a Unioa of the SlXiep
merely Federal” was insufficient. That of
Mr. Butler, which said that a Na.ional Govern
‘.r ef.t ought in be and thM Qf Mr
Read winch prop&ed uo ohAugo in tbe feeder
nl feature of the Union. Os these three, tbe
Conveation preferred Butlers, which iu ■■•2
reel terms proposed a Naiiona* Government
And at a later period, the Contoation. after
long and mature diicassion. rejected Patter
son’s resolution, the first one of which pro
posed an amendment of the Federal system.
Do not the Journal of the Convention
show, that it was tne deliberate design of the
Members to change tho Federal Union in o a
National Union to a greate ,or less extent.
This could not be effected unless the several
Steles weald deloga ea greater or lees portion
of their sovereign power
1 will now appeal to the authority of history.
Piikiu’s Civil History of tho United Slates has
long been a work of established authority. I
re.er yoe to the second volume of that author
After informing us of the mealing of ?he Con
vention, the Historian procosds to sav :
first great question among the members of
this assembly was, whether th-y should amend tbe
old or form a new sy«cem. By tbe resolve of Congress,
as well ae the insirubtions of soiils ol the States,
they were met “for the sde aid egress purpose ot
revising ths Articles of Confederation. Such, how
ever, were the radical defects of the old Govern
ment, that a majority determined to form an entire
new one.”
On the 29th of Msy, Edmund Raudo'ph of
Virginia, submitted to the Convention, sis een
regulations as the basis of a new Coiistitu
lien.” Tne historian tken gives these resolu
tions, the first oae of which I hive already
transcribed, and nays:
“ These resolutions, es Mr. Randolph, called th*?
Virginia p’an, were debated and amended until the
15th June, when Mr. Patterson, of Mew Jersey, of
fered to the Convention the following propositions as
amenduienta to tbs arrieles of eonfeJaration.” Pages
22s and 228.”
The author then t c Resolution?, the
first es which I have copied above. The au
thor proceeds:
“These proposi’ions, called the Jersey Plan, no
doubt embraced the tenoral views ©f those in the
Convention, who wished ra»rely to amend the ar icks
of confederal ion. They were debated until the I9ih
es June, and were rejected bv seven States against
three, find one divided New York, New Jersey
Delaware were in fevor of them, and all the other
states against them, except Mi ary land, whose mem
bers were equally divided.”
I heg you to notice that Georgia voted
against amending the federal system, and in
favor of the national plan.
“ The questi' n (says the historian) being thus de
finitely settled agaicst
federation, the Convention resumed tbo reed aliens ol
Mr. Randi Iph, and they were the subject of debate
and amendment until the 4th of July.”
The author proceeds to eay, that they were
submitted io a Committee, “ for tne purpose
of reduc ng them to the form of a constitution,
finally to another Committee, combating ol
Johnson, Hamilton, Morris*, Madison, and
King. “ to r»vi»e the siyle and arrange arti
ciea ” The historian proceeds:
“ Having determined to form a new system of go
vernment, the States were neiriy unanimous that : t
should consist of ‘ a supreme legislative, executive
and j idicary? ” —Page 232.
u lt was not to be expected (suya the historian)
that so radical a change in the federal governu*ent
as timt ycßymmendad to .tfari cons: uera. ion of the
r co'.'id ihe rumd -•
easily brought to harmonize, either on the subject of
tbe organization of a national government, or with
respect to the powers proper and neecs?ary to be
granted to thoce who snuuld be entrusted with its ad
ministration.”
“ The new system was hailed with jry and oven
with enth'ifiiasßi by one part of the comtnuuity; by
another it was viewed with disnust and jealousy,
it immediately beaama the theme of general conver
sation and deoate, and newspapers and pamphlets
were the vehicles of confiding opinions.” Page
264.
I will offer to your consideration one mure
quotation, which i- couc naive, eo far ashistory
can conclude aquea ion.
“The radical difference between the parties in
Virginia, and in other Slates, respecting the new
syst: in, was, that ii departed from the t rincif les oi u
confe ieracy, and constituted a consolidated nations'
government vested with extensive powers operating
not upon States, but upon iudiv duals, and that the
peep e on whom it was to operate were
not secured ag inet the improper exercise cf those
powers by a bill cf rirbts. Tnc loss of sovereignty
mid of irflavnee, was felt by the large States, and
led them to a more particular examina ion of the vaii
Ous powers transferred to the different departments
of the new government?’— Page z 72.
Every quotation which 1 havo made proves,
that tiro Convention intend-d to form a N.i
tional Union and a National Government, in
contradistinction to one purely Federal, that is,
one in which each State would retain all her
sovereignty. What became of that sovereign
ty, the lose of which (as the h stonan tells us)
caused anxious feel ng in the lar/e states, if i.
were not vested in the National Union.
When the Cossiitution was before the peo
ple for their consideration, Mr. Jefferson, in
a letter to a friend, says:
“Our new constitution is powerfully attacked in
the American newspapers. The otjactions are, that
its effect would be to form the ihitteen elates into
one.” (Jeffjrcon’s works, vol. 2, page 2.9 )
Nb’v, how could tho Constitution form
thirteen states into one state or na ion, unless
tho several states, vested sovereignty in the
Union, which thereby became sovereign to tue
extent of the power vested ? Tho people who
opposed the adoption of the Constitution could
not say that its effect would be to destroy tho
sovereignty of the several states altogether,
when the constitution iteelf expressly rslerves
to tbe states, or people, ail that was not ves ed.
I am. in the next place, to sustain my pro
portion by the recorded opinions of the
delegates n the Convention which formed the
Constitution. And first, of those who were in
fiver of adopting it. 1 will rely first upon
tno au hority of the President es the Conven
tion. After the Constitution was completed,
Gen. Washington laid it before Cong e-s with
a ie tor from hitnae.f to that bedy, iu that let
ter he &ays:
“It is obviously impract'cable, n the Federal
G ivernment of these States to secure all tue rights
of independent sovereignty to each, and yet prov.' le
for the interest and surety of a I Indi vi iuuls en
tering into society m ist give u*»a sh.;re of libertv to
preserve the rest. The magnitude of the sacrin-e
must d-pend ss well on situation and circumstances,
ss fn tbe object to be obtained, I is at all time?
d (Retail to art* with i rec is; on, the line between
tho c rights which must be suirendered, anu th>e
which m<y be reserved. And oa the proeent occasion
this difficulty w is increae-jd by a difference among
thefe*« ral States as totheir situation, extent, babiu
and particular intereste. In ail our ddiberatious on
ibfosubj ct, we kept steadily in cur vie*/ that which
rppeared to us tbe greatest interest of every true
American, tba coasolidaiioH of our Union, in which
te involve! our pro®, erity, f licity, safety, psrhspe
oar national existence.” (Bitkin', vol. 2, page 263.)
I commend this extract to your seriom con
sideration. Ii is wholly inconsistent with the
doctrine of the Secession party. Wash’ngton
declares that a Faderal Government, that is,
one in wf ich each Sialo retains a ’ i's cover-
is inconsistent with the interest and
safe y of ah, an ! that the Conven’d n eneouu
tered great 'iffuiilties in d cid:ng whit inde
pendent righ s of sovereignty should bo re
served, and what surrendered, by the several
States; -.nd that in deciding this tbe Conven
ti>n kept in view the consolidation of the
bnion, as an object tube accomplished by
tnetn of the greatest interest.
Boonaf er taking the oath of ofli’e as Pre
eiden:, Washington reured to the Senate
Cniisber.and made an addrassto both lioussh,
from whic» I make uo following extract:
‘'Nopeople can ba bound to eoknowtedge and
adore tne invisible han't which conducts the a If-in
of men more than rhe j»eople of the United Stites.
Every step by which they have advanced ! o tl*e
ebaractet of .in independent nation, seems to have
teen by some token of p-evidential
agency And in the important revoiuti< n just ac
complished in tbe system of thair united G vern
ment. the tranquil deliberations end voluntary con
sent of so many dip’.iacc communities from which
the event bai resulte-l, cannot be compared wbh me
means by which most Governments have been e- •
tabiisbed, without some return of pion-* nr* itudc,
along wi h a hamole an icipation of fbs *‘ e _‘
which tbe past seem to presage. (rumu*.,
vol. 2d.
Th« portion of die above extract to whicb I
wish co draw your paritcular attention, is
where W.a.hingtan ssys .he adoption of the
Constitution was an important tevo.ut.on th
our. *:e;o of Government A la.te ameud
raent oi the oid or federal system cyuid nut
h.ve been a revolution. Tu revt> uiiuutze a
----.era of Guveratneu', there must be each an
overthrow of i:, as will at.ouut to a radka
change tn il* fundamental principle*. Under
* oid system,each State retained all her t-ova.
-J’* 0 J and the Cnngrets
’! >f then® hovereign*; the
. °1 *r f «deral, ’he Government was fed-
1 eral, the laniamental principle in the
I was the let erai principle, this ay Rem could
not have been revolutionized. if this principle
i continued unimpaired, and each 8 ate retain
; ed all her sovereignty and independen e.
Let me draw your attention to the Farewell
Address es Washington, when we compare
the prediction therein contained with tegaru to
ll.e efforts which would bo made to dissolve
this Union, and which he said he foresaw,
with the facts now before us, we are tempted
to number him among the prophets. If the
limits of this letter would permit, I should like
te make copious extracts; burl will eelec a
sentence or two only, which show bis opinion
of the character of the Union.
“The unity of Government which constitutes you
one people, is also now dear to you.”
In what sense, Jet me ask you, can the peo
ple of the United Stales be one people, i‘, in
deed, the people in State are a distinct
sovereign communi y, hound to the people of
'heo her States by no national tie, and owing
allegiance to no comm n sovereign f Let the
Father of bis country again speak:
“It is of infinite momeul that yea should properly
estimate the immense value of year national link.*
to your collective and individual happinew.”
If this be u rational Union, as Washington
*ays it it, then each Sia’.e cannot be fully sove
reign, for in that ca<-u the Union would, of
necessity, be federal. Again be says:
“Citizens by birth or choice of a common country,
hit cauoiry has a right to concentrate your affec
ions. The name ot An er lean, which be'oaga to
you in your national capacity, mast always exalt the
last prido of patriotism more than aay appelia.ion
derived from .o?al ducrimiualions.”
What common country is that of which
Washington ape-k», if it be not that whole
country which lies within tha broad limits of
he Union 1 What national capacity is that of
which he epeaks, if we huva no other capacity
<• citizens, but ns citizens ol one State in a
»‘onfed~. B *tton of Mia.es 1
L wi»: oaxt appeal to Madison, -me of the
most eifc.enl members of the Convention that
formed the Constitution, and the* ablest ex
pounder of it. In a speech delivered by him
n the Convention in reply io Hr. E lswor:h>
while speaking of the confederacy then in ex
istence, he says: -
“He also appeals to our good faith ft the obser
vaace of* tae '’onfederacy. W> itaow w? have
formed one inadequate to the purposes lor which
it was made. Why then adhere to a sys'em which
is proved to be vo remarkably defective ? I have
impeach*! a number of States for the ialrac'ioaaf
the confederation, J have not even spired myowa
*(ate, nor can I j tally spare h|s. Did not Uoanej*
ticut refuse her compliance to a federal req lisiticn ?
His she said lor the two last years, an/ money into
(he continental treasury? and does this look tike
Government, or che observance of a solemn com
pact? Experience shows ihtl the cotife iera.ion is
defective, and we must in a new nat.oail Govern
ment, guard eg inst these delects.” (Pitkin a, voL
2. page 23d*
When sou reflect that M idisna: in this
speech, says, :hat the Confedeiaiion. in which
each State was fully sovereign, was inade
quate to its objects; that it was radically de
tective ; that they ought not to adhere to it,
but must take under "a new National
Government;” I think you will be obliged to
admit that it was not his intention to leave
each Stale in the possession of all her sove
reignty an I independence, under the new
Constitution which he was advocating.
In the letter written by him in IS 10 in
opposition to the South Carolina construction
of the Virginia Resolution* of ’99, he says :
“It (the Constitution was f rmed bv the States,
4 bat is, toy the Peope in each of the States, acting
in their Highest sovereign capacity; aud formed
ly bv (bewme authority which formed
the State Constitutions.
The Cor.stitution being a compact among the
States io 'heir highest sovereign cap ei'.y, and con
stitbting the people thereof one people for certain
purposed, it cmoot he (literal or rnnuiled at the
will of the States individual y, as the Constitution of
a State may be at its individual wilt.”
The part of this let er to which I wish to
direct your a temion ; is that in wh ch it is said
that the Constitution constitutes the people of
the United Slates, one people forcer ain pur
poses. If it be true (hat the people of the
United States are one people, one communi
ty, no matter to what extent; then it cannot be
true that they are at the tame time thirty one
distinct people or communities, each fully
sovereign.
Other passages might be selec’ed from the
writings of Madison, which would show that
he did not think each State retained all per
sovereignty when the Constitution Was adopt
ed; but let (he above suffice.
Edmund Randolph was a distinguished
member of the Convention, who offered the
resolufiou above inserted, in favor of aNi
•ional Union. Me was afterwards a member
of the Virginia Convention, by which tne
Constitution was adopted. In a speech de
livered by him in eply to Patrick Henry, he
taid :
“ The members of the General Convention were
particularly deputed to meliorate the Confederation.
On a thorough contemplation of the subject, they
found it impossible to amsnd that system : what was
to be done ? T.' e dangers of America, which will
be shown at another lime by p&rricul -.r enumeration,
ywnimi iwnpii i .
Mr Randolph proceeds :o show die ineffi
ciency of the Confedera*. on, aid then says s
“ After meeting in Convention, the deputies from
(he States communicated their information to one
another; on a review of our critical situation, and
of the impjhiibility of introducing any degree of
unpr * Yemeni into the old system; what oight they
to have done ? Would it not have been treaeo .to
return without proposing Home scheme to relieve
their distressed coutry?”—Pitkin vol. 2., pp.
271,272.
C< n-idering the resolution which was offered
y Randolph in tho Convention that formed
tha Cons itution, and his speech in the Vir
ginie Convention, can you doubt, that in his
opinion, the adoption of the Qp.-mtitution pro
duced a radical charge irj the Federal system,
and es abliohed a N vional Union, in which,
of course, each State could not retain all her
sovereignty. To show you the opinion which
he eniena ned of the go vernmant, vh le each
State did ie ain all her sovereignty, I make
another extract from his speech, in whi hhe
speak-t of the language of the States to Con
gress :
“ What was tbe reply 'othe demands and requisi
tions of Congress? Y>u are too contemptible, we
will despise mid disregard you.”
The persons upon whose authority I have
rehed, were all members of the Convention,
and in favor of adopting the Con<ti ? ution. 1
will now r fer you to other members who
were opposed to it, and who wished each
.State to retain all her sovereignty. Mr..
Bradford, of Delaware, said :
“ Hut what hive ’he people already said? We
find the Co federation defective—go and give addi
tional powers io the Confederation give to it tba
impeats, regulation of trade, power to collect (he
taxes, and the n cans to discharge our foreign and
domestic debts ? Can we not then, as their dele
gates, agree upon
dirs, can we not cie rly grout these powers ? Why
then, when we are met must entire district, and
new grounds be tak'-n, end a government, of which
the people had no idea, be insti’utfd?”
“ Let us then do what in in our power ; amend
and enlarge the Confederation. but not alter the
Federal sys’em.” [Pitkin, pp. 249 and 241 ]
Mr. Bradford thought thst to adopt tho
Constitution would he to take entire, oia'inct
and now grounds ; that it would not amend,
but changa ’he Federal system. That system
cou'd not have been wholly abandoned so
long as each Bta*e reta : ned all her sovereignty*
for tha • as the first principle of it.
The historian
“ We would h*4re s’atc, that tbe delegates from the
‘-tete of New York, w re Mr Yates, Mr Lan-ung,
Jr. anl Mr. Hamilton. Mr. Yates and Mr fun
ding, left, tbe Convention about die 11th of July, bat
Mr. H air.il* cd continued to the close, and pur bis
wigea’ure to the Cons'itution. The two gen leiucn
fir-t named, considered (heir powers ‘ were exrucic*
m d confined to the silo and exprers purjone of
revising the arii-'csof Confederation, and that they
•a J no .iuth »ri'y to mak» so radical a change in die
Gelera Govemm-n', as a l-rge rm j-rity of the
Convention come-opiated. On this recount, they
returned h me.” (Page 249 J
Now any change wh ch divested tie Stites
of the wfio ! e or a part r,f their sovereignly,
would Lave been adca : ; soy aha if« so s<h »n
thr.i would have been a revising of tnu Federal
sve em (he very dung ih it Yatss uuJ Lin» ng
were authorized to do. Statesmo i who were
not members of th 3 Federal Con enuuu, both
hose who opposed and those v ao were in
fivor of he new C ns'.iiuuor, a im.iued that
its adoption. would be a surrei der of sove
reign y by tbe States. In tho Virginia Con
vention, Patrick Henry, for that very reason,
opposed it with all his el qaecca. He e&id it
would form a grtat conruiiiat-d (government
instead of aC- nfederation. He declared mat
the naw system produced,
A revolution as radical as that wiich eepar’tid
us from re it Brit tin It isas radind, if in this
ranti ion our rights and privileges aie endangered*
and the s »vere ; guty of the biates be rclii quished :
and cannot a o plainly see, that ibis is actually the
case ?'* [P tkio, pp. 272. J
We are informed (but I cannot now refer
to the authority) that Rhode island proposed
:o C ingress to submit to the Blates as an
amendment o the Constitution, (hat e ch
8 ate should retain ail her sovereignly, and
that ail powers not vested were reserved to tbe
Bta es respectively. Congress ref sed to sub
mit ha part concerning sovereignty, outdid
submit the o her part of die proposition, which
m n w one of the amendmenrs. It each 8 ale,
under the ConsDtuuon, retained all her rove*
reigoty, why did one of the States propose
nuetitn amendment? if Congress thought
each 8 Hie ought to retain ah nor vereiguty.
whv ruluH3 co wake the proposition 1
I will now refer you to an auitority. for
wbxh your party profosses co entertain vene
ration and confidence, in the writings o r
Jefier'Go there h ahuud int evidence to prove
;het a hwjudgment, die United Bia*es consvtu*
. N a Coumry, a Rcpubl.c po*Bs«sing
sovereignty, and that each State was not fully
sovereign
In a letter wriuen by him to Msdisoa t-uon
as erine aduption of the ConsJ-uiicn. in which
he diacutrses its el lee's upon LLe Utnca, be
says:
“ I bl« iostrOTDcat (’he Coastitatien,) forms us into
one Suite, t-. to certam and gives ua •
U jv^-m<iJ Executive body ior linns objects.” [Jef.
lei son’* woras, vol. 2, pp. 442.]
What these oljecta are, is explained IA lhA
o.ljwiug sentence 5