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WOKLI CHBWCLi i SHTIJIH. BY WILLIAM S. JONES. CRAWFORDVILLE ACADEMY. THE undersigned haring the approval of the Trustees and citizens, will open in the Acad ea*y ■ Crawfordville, on the 2d Monday in Janu ary, 1652. an English and Classical School; pledg ing themselves to prepare young men for admis sion into any College in Georgia, and nay due re gard to the morals of their students Having sev eral years’ experience and being approved at this place and other places as teachers, they re spectfully edict patronage at home and from abroad. The Academic year will be divided into two sessions, of five months each, with a vacation of two weeks intermediate. RATES OF TUITION BY THE YEAR. Fnist Class.—Orthography, Reading. Writing, Arithmetic, Georgripby and English Grammar $15.00 Second Class.—The above continued, with History, Philosophy, Rhetoric,Astronomy, Composition, &es2o. Third Class.—The Ancient Languages, Mathematics. Geography or the Heavens, aud ether higher branchess3o.oo No s udent '•ill be received for a less time than one session. And no abatement will be made for absence, except in cases of protracted illness. Patrons, whose children are returned as partici pant* in the Common School fund, will be charged f r such part es their children’s tuition, as may not be paid by said fund. FELIX C. MOORE. WILLIAM A. RAY. John Crapman, ) P. 8. Rhone, Wm. Bird, Trustees. John J. Moore. P. B. Monk, d 4 wst CEDAR VALLEY JVALB SCHOOL Commences Second Wednesday in January, 1852. r ip HF uudersigned, having taught at this place . 6 take charge of the Male School the ensuing year. A Georgian by birth and training, a Graduate of Franklin Col lege, and also of the University of Virginia, he trusts ha will be able to give satisfaction to South ern patrons. The School is a country location, pleasantly situated in a healthy valley in th 3 midst of a moral, intelligent and wealthy com- | inanity, where students will enjoy the advantage of regular preaching by different denominations. The Scholastic year consists of two Terms of 5 months each, and Students received at any time ; but for no period less than 5 months. Gnard and Tuition S7O per Term ; the Student furnishing his own lights The Principal is prepared to accommodate 10 boarders; bnard due at the end of each Term. Tuition at the close of the School un.ess the Student be earlier removed. Board in the neigh* borhoed on moderate terms. BENJAMIN T. MOSELEY. Address Cedar Town, Paulding co., Ga. n9-srn2m tPARTA MALE AND FEMALE academies. npHE TRUSTEES of the Sparta Male and a female School, have the pleasure cf an nouncing to the public that they have scoured he services of Messrs. Thomas C. Neal and Richard M. Johnstone, as Principals, in the Male School for the ensuing year. They feel no heriiat’on in recommending them to the patron age of those who desre to give their sons a libe ra’. Fii«l thorough education. Well educated themselves, they possess not {only the ability, but the will, to impart instruction to all who may be confided to their care. Paren s and guar dians who may send their sons to this School, may rest assured that their best efforts will be directed to their mental improvement. Their «• government will be such as to ensure good con duct on the part of their pupils, both in and out of school, yet so reasonable and just, cs to secure the appiobaiion of the pupils themselves, in almost all cases. Their succe c s heretofore has, given them, in the communities where they have t&ught, a reputation rarely attained. Hav ing known them .'or some years >in their charac ter of Teachers, and from their youth, as gentle men, we feel no hesitation in announcing to the public that ue offer them a school equal to any in Gto:gii, for thorough instruction "in a’.! of the branches usually taught in Academics. They would ciao announce to those who have Daughters to educate, ihat they have had the rood fortune to secure the s rvlccs of Rev, John A. Moseley, as P iucipal, in the Female School. Mr M has been engagedin the voca tion of leaching for the last ten years in Chero kee and elsewhere, with great success, and is well qualified (or the position ho is to till He will b; provided with th? best teachers of Music and riher ornamental branches His unremit ting efforts Will be directed to the advancement of his scholars. Instruction wilt be given In (he various branches usually tirght in a Female Academy. ’1 he rates of Tuition in both Schools, which are low, will remain unchanged. Board in respectable private families can be had on good terms. Persons at a distance, who may not find it convenient to come with their childten, may secure boarding by making application to either of thu Principals- 8. A, PARDEE, T. M; TLRNER, B. T. HARRIS, v '' H. ROGERS. J. T. MARTIN, Trustees. The Schools will commence on the second Monday in January next. Sparta, Ga-. Oct. 29,1851.n1-w*Jal TEACHER WANTED. \ LIBERAL salary will be given to either a Gentleman or Lady, who will take charge of u Schoo’ in a private family. Ono comptent tn teach Music and all the English branches. The location is health, six miles above Augusta. Address Mrs. S. B. PERRIN, Augusta. Geo. n? 9 wirn* A TEACHER WANTED rj O TAKE CHARGE of the Rock Spring * Acadrmv for lh« next year. For particulars apply to the subscriber, living 14 miles N. W. of Washington, Wilkes county, Georgia. r>l9 w 4 L M. HILL. A TEACHER A GENTLEMAN of ten year’s experience in 'leachingand a Graduate of one o! 0111 most approved Colleges, desires a situation in that busi t ess. Numcroua and satisfactory testimonials of Scholarship, and an aptness id Teaching, can be furnished. He has testimonials from the following gentle men. Hon. Wm. C. Dawson, and Rev Francis Bowman. Greensbors’j Rev. Otis Smith, and Rev John E. Dawson, Lagrange. Address. A. (».,Cov ington. Geo. n'O-tw&rwtf WANTED V GENTLEMAN of Classical attainment?, to take charge of a small School. Pupils all young. Address. A. C WALKER, Richmond Factory Post Office Richmond county, Georgia- o 9 w6w&dlcw TEACHER WANTED. ON the second Thursday (11th) in December next, the Commissionersr>t the Beech Island Orphan Asylum. (usually known as the Downes Institute) will elect a Teacher and Superinten dent t<» take charge of that institution for the vear a c 52. Persons applying for the situation must toe carried, and qualified to instruct boys and girls in the rudiments of a good, common English edu cation. W.GALPHIN, li. R.COOK. GEO. B: MILLS. Commissioner . Beech Island, 8. C., tNov. 13,1851. nl3-twtDll NOTICE FIIIIE ondeijlgocd having united their interest 1 in the Pry Goods inc, in the City rs Augusta will continue the st the old «Uod of James Miller &Uo., under (he firm and alyls cf Miller Wabbbn, where lhev will keep a large and well refected STOCK OF GOODS, to which they re spectfully invite the attention cf their o’d customers aud the public generally. JAMFS MILLFR & CO., a7-w3m&dltn L. C. WARREN & CO. LOST. SOWS WHERE in Burke county,on or abou* the 25th No«. ult . a PROMISSORY NOTE on Charles A Ward, for sixty dollars, di;e Janua ry next, payable to Wm. Jenkins. Jr ,or bearer. AU persons are cau ioned against trading for said Note. <l3 w 3 JOHN T.CHANCE. NOTICE. WILL be sold 00 the first Tuesday in Jan uary next, one half of the Lot on which .Mrs. Hannah Hardwick now resides, on which a store bouse has been recently erected, terms on theday of sale. R. C. HARDWICK. November 27,1851. THE MYRRHOLPHEON. THIS article is prepared by the beat Barber in New York, and is warranted »o promote the growth of the Heir destroy PandritT, aud impart a beautiful a loml To (he Ladies* Toilet, it is a valua ble Acq iisiticn, as it aids very much in dressing toe Hair. Juat received by nl9-dlw WM. H. IVir, DrwiqrM. WHO BIDS A PLANTATION, (800 »ercri with 20 ZXTu SO Nveroe*. near Holly Springs, Mississippi, b offered foe Rail Rond S:oek in Geotyia. The plantation b furnl hed with all hinds of Stock »nd ProTist-ns. Land and Negroes wi’l le dieided if necessary, to .wit the purchaser. Or Apply at the office of the Sonihem Cuitioalor. FOR SALE LOT and itnpro.ements on ccranr of G.eenc L and Ja-kson stn, fifty feet troniinj ca Greene «w hundred sod siaiy-two on Jack, n, or the whole preaine., one hond.ed snd one h»t 4 inches on Greene end one hundred and seventy.two on Jeekvon. If desired, will be sold on accommo lating me. Apply u »4 JOHS FINN. TV VT MKCS.—IOO lb*. No. 1 For sal* bv IV .5 VM H TVTT. FOR THE HAIR. BOGLK S UTPRItIOS FLPlC.—Par ry’aTefenphsrouss Phelon'sHa-r intiipraur; Jayne's Heir Toonie ; Jules Hawel . Eau Lustral; Kadway'a Ctrc*sea«n Bala ; ttldriJye’a Balm of Celwanoia; Genuine Bean (.Hl; <>* Marrow ; Baa dalie*. for carboy the Hair; loze her with a very eatanaive Msorttcvnl of Pertumee, Hair, Teeth and Nall Brashes. Cosmetics, Fancy Soap*. Trilet Bot tles. Ac., nil of which are offered on the roost ao eeaaedatin* teeae, by W. H. TUFF. sA-dAv Wholesale and Retail IhuerisC BOLTING CLOTHS. OF WarrraoHd quality, tarnished aad put up in lUits to eirder Mbistsee Plaster; Jwerared for backiay Mill .loses, cheap, aud ol the bed unabti for safe by W.M. K. SCHIKMEK. j*lßt(-w Auyasta. G*. Charleston B * •" ' ' ‘ GANTT, HUFF & GANTT, FACTORAGE AND COMMISSION BU SINESS. Charleston,So. Ca* - THE SUBSCRIBERS re- t inform the public have commenced (he ; TOR AGE A NDC< MISSION BUSINESS, in tbe city of Charles'on. S. C., and that they will re , ceive and eel! all cf Produce entrusted ta I their cere. They will confine themselves strictly to the busifc&ssof Commission Agent*, and pledge them se’ve? never to spe’uia’e in any description of article they receive for sale. They will give their personal . attention to ihe purchase of supplies for Planters who »» ay send their crop, withcut anv charge therefor. ) They will receive and fin ward Goods for Augusta nod Hamburg, at customary rates Office Acccni daticn Wharf ED WA RD GANTT, WALTER R. HUFF, 023- d(r w& wtf J A w ES L. GANTT. HOPKIINS, HUDSON & CO. COMMISSION MERCHANTS. OlSce, Frazer** Wharf, ClinrleEturi. S. C. , j rrvpA THE UNDERSIGNED beg leave ’ n tjm their friends and the pubic, ibttt sSESjlhey have opened an Office in the City of | Charleston, S, C., fo*' a GENERAL COMMISSION BUSINESS. j Particular sltentisn wi I be given to Afae sale of Cot ; on, and all cthet Country Produce, purchase ol i Merchandise, and Receiving and Porwcrdiug Goods, j The cutHtomary cash advances and facilities will be ; xfiorded customere. i J. R. Hudson and John J. Cohen rr ide in i CLarlesien. L. IlvPKixs cont'aaee bis residence as t Augusta, Ga., engaged in the Co nmirsion B iciness i ns beretufere, where he may be consulted in refatiou > c business dwgeed fcrv.r House in Cbariee JOHN 5. HUDSON, ; n 10-12.0 JOHN J COHEN, y hane " C. L GRENVILLE & CO. G E N E R A L C O M M I S SiON MER CHANTS, ChattanoogaTeun» WILL pay strict attention to the pnr“ >T" TSi chase ol Grain, Bacon, Flour, < r other articles of Tennessee produce. 'I hose articles being bold only for cash, Mer chants or Planters will remit the same in their orders or give authority to draw upon theii factors at Augusta, Maczm or Savannah. Aay inionnation in regard so prices will he giv en at any time. au2l iawd&lOw o. .uunso7\S'a7llm m.’d. SURGEON DENTIST. AUGUSTA, GEORGI 4, Office over Carmichael A. Co.’s Hard'ca e Store. fi'IEISTH, Constitutionally Heolthy, upped Jl and warran'ed fnr life. Referenc*—Drs. | Paul F. Eve, Means. C irnphcll, LaContc ; John I Bones, D. Hand, Porter Fleming, Esq: <. end others . p7 DISSOLUTION. npiiE j welry business, under the firm of JL Woodstock & Whitlock, is this day di'M»lved both by virtue of an article between ns and by mutual consent, thereby giving Fr< dcrick A. Whitlock, alone,fu 1 power to settle the business and collect the indebtedness. W. G. WOODSTOCK, F. A. WHIT LOCK. Augusta. Nov. 15, 1851. 113 s * The undersigned wi L for the present con tinue the and Jewelry busine>s, in all its various branches. Having experienced and faithful workmen, he wi.i give prompt attention to any work which may be given him. He has on hand a complete assortment of all articles usually kept in his line, consisting of Watch* s, of all the best makers ; Jewelery.of all descriptions ; Sil ver dnd Plated goods, of all the iate-t patterns, and a variety of fancy goods, which'he will sell on accommodating terms. F. A. WHITLOCK. Augusta, Nov. 15, lESL IMPORTANT TO MILL OWNERS AND MANUFACTURERS. Unrivalled improvement in Water Wheels. IITHE subscribers are sole agents for making and JI. vending th : be»t Water Wheel in the world, known as Vandcwater’s Water Wheel. We chai lcng»» the world to product: its equal. It has but recently been introduced to the public, and found to bo far in advance of a'i other wheels. Loth in power and economy in water, every drop being •ftective, and none wasted. This Wheel is not in the east affected by back water. As we pre fer them being placed below tail water in every instance, consequently we get every inch of head; ’ they being enti ely of cast iron, and simple of | construction, are not liable to get out of order, and * are more durable than any wheel now in u>o. We : have recently put one in operation for George Schley, Esq., at his Bellville Cotton Factory, to whom we would sire reference. See certificate annexed. All orders for Wheels or Territorial Rights, will , meet with attention by addressing the subscribers. JAGGER, TREA DWELL Clt PERKY, Albany, New York, Or to their Agan.. J. J. Kibbe, Augusta. [certificate ] Augusta, Ga., March 24,1851. Jagger, Treadwell &. Perry—Gentlemen I have the grati ication of informing you that your Vandewater Wheel was successfully put inopera ' tion at my Factory last week, and it woiked so perfection. Its simplicity, durability, and unifor i mity of speed, are recommendations alone; but j above all. its highest ei.cnniium s the small quan* i tity of water it takes, as compared with other ’ wheels. I h ive been using or.eof R-übe i Rich’s i Center Vent \\ heels, of three fee! and a half di ameter. and eleven inch bucket, the discharge , openings measuring 400 inches 1 displaced that i and put in one of yours of six feet diameter, with ; discharge openi. gs measuring 270 inches, and j your wheel run the same amoun* of machinery that the Rich Wh« el had driven and there was a j difference in favor of yours of eight inches in the J depth of water in the tail race. 1 feel no hesita tion in recommending your wheel to all utanufac -1 turers and mill owners, believing it is the greatest wheel ol the age. Wishing you success in the in troduction of so valuable un improvement. I re main very respectfully, yours,&c. mhJG wlv fIEuRGi: SCHLEY. To Mill Owners and Manufac- TURERS < RAIt V. chance for making mccey by a Lui or 2m. Having Machin*. The great'.st laocr si»ia< Mich : ne in exis’cnce is the WOODWOtirH PATENT Pl ANING MILL. This Mi'i will plsue, tengne and groove i lu fiber at me at me ti-uo. and wi IF do mere work than Fifty’ bands can, and do it much better, as it ta capable cf being eet to plane any wide or thick ness, thus making the w. rK cf a urifbrm s ze. k is only necessary io se«-one of these* Machines in opTNfi n t be ccnvinced at once cf the prac , lieatillty of having cne attached to every Saw I M H cr Manufactory cf any kind, where tier* is ratter required r o carry on stv-h operations. This ' machine nqu rcabut about THREE HORSE P<«W. ER to carry it, bur the beauty cf having it attached to any manufactory rS, that while the work cf the ’ establishment may be laying rii’l, this Machinecan be run, as it nre I have n*» connection with the other works. ThcPeJen’ Right for the State of Georgia, ’ (except Chathamccun'y andthe City of Columbus. ; with a district ol thirty mi’es n end,) is owned by tiic subscribers and wiil be sold to applicants for sin gle rights CHEAP, n* the owners arc abou! leaving Georgia, an I wculd like toclo.e up their interest in It immediate!y. Tao new Machines now built wiil plane more’lnn twice the quantity cf Luthier the o’tl ones would. To see t?;e Machines in operation. ' we refer you to the Factory of the Augusta Mach ne Work*, Goodrich’*- Mill at Augusta, the Saw Mills ' at Sarawak, tire Mil.’sof Jchn G. Winter, at Co lumbus, and at our own Mil*, near Gnffir. These * Machine? will ray for themselves in a few days, wheu at wee*. , Also, a valuable tu;:n Foginc and Saw Mill, 120 ' bora* power, togeUic-t won a valuable Negro, a good ' enuiueer. Letters address**! to us at Georgia Hotel, Griffin, ■ will meet with prcmtl attention until the Ist Decern ; ber, pro*., nf or which they must be directed to New Yoik, to either of u.«. JOHN J. HALFY, DAVID 3. MILLS, Jr. Application can La made also to N. C. Trow * bridge* es Augusta. nls w 4 COTTON, WOOL, Jim-Crow tad Horse Cards of the above »elebrated stamps, are of unequalled quality, and wherever introduced, take the place of all others. They are manufac tured on our new improved machinery, and each pair is warranted in every respect. Our inferior , cards, the common “Wbitetnore” stamp, are of I the usually well known quality. Sold by the Hardware houses in all the cities, and country Merchants and to the trade by the Manufacturers. JOS. B. S ARGHNT, mylO-wly* 24 Ctiffi street, A'ew York. TEA NUTS. MR. JUNIUS SMITH, cf Greenville, S. C., (who has the honor of successfully in troducing tee culture of Tea into this country, for the purpose ot accommodating those who may wish to experiment in the eulture of this beautiful, as well as useful plant, and to ascertain the soil andelima e best adapted for its growth) offers to part with a portion of his stock of Tea Nuts recentlv imported from China. The Tea Nuts are abo*»t the size of Filberts. ' ' and he puts them up in fiat tin boxes, of one or more dozen, which can be sent by mail with safety. Pr ce $2 per dozen nuts, with full di rec ions for plaa-ing. JCe. H s last importation are in better condition than any heretofore received. Orders for Tea Nuts received and forwarded by ‘ HAVILAND, RISLEY & CO., Augusta, Ga.. and HAVILAND, 11AKKALL A: CO.. 024 ClJfrwS Charleston* SIOO REWARD. DR. HUNTER’S celebrated SPECU IC,for the cure > f Gonorrhea. Strictures. Glee* and anaiagous complaints of .he Orga s of Generation. Os ail remedies yet discovered for the above complaints, this is the mast certain. r It makes a speedy and permanent cure without restriction to dut.d ink. exposure, or change of r application to b usiness. j I: is perfectly harmless. Gailecs of it might be , taken without injuring the patient. . It is put up m bottles, with full directions ac companying it. so that persons can care theni selve« without resorting to physicians or others for advice. One bottle is generally enough to perform a care. Price sl. " !• is approved aad recommended by the Royal College of Pny>ict »ns and Surgeons of London, and h’- their certificate enclosed. IT* It is sold by appointment in New York by Robert F.iiet <X Son. and in Augusta, Ga., at No. 196 Metcalfs Range. B.oad street. »5-w5 J AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1851. WcekWt Chronicle and Sentinel. TH id WEEKLY CHRONICLE & SENTINEL Id PablUlied every Wednesday, AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM IN ADVANCE. TO CLUBS or INDIVIDUALS sending us Ten Dollars, SIX copies of the Paper will be sent for one year thus,furnishing the Paper at the rate of SIX COPIES FOR TEN DOLLARS, or a free copy to all who may procure us five subscribers, and forward us the money. THE CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL. DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY. Are also published at this office, and mailed to subscribers at th® following rates, namely, Daily Paper, if sent by mail.---$7 per annum. Tri Weekly Paper 4 “ •* TERMS OF ADVERTISING. In Wekkly.—Seventy five cents per square (12 lines or less) for the first insertion, and fifty cent for each subsequent insertion. fttis cdlmuj* I See n almost Huuit. The following was related of a young girl, ttaoae journey oi iife was near the end*: About her chamber glided gently the loved form of her parents, and only sister. She silently noted their movements with a mild expression of her dying eye, turning it from side to side. Arrested by her peculiar look, so expressive of affliction and patient suffering, they paused to look upon her, whom they only now saw but dimly through their tears, and soon should see no more. A feeble effort to speak, a quivering voice less movement of the lips, drew closely around her the loving hearts of that sorrow ing ciicle. Mother, father, sister, all came closer i to her side. A playful smile lit up her coun tenance. She laid her little pulseless hand . within her mother’s palm, then closed her i eyelids tothe light of earthand suck away. The i cold damp of death’s shadowy valley seemed • circling over her. Slowly sinking down, she , glided towards that river’s shore, which like a narrow stream divides the spirit land from , ours. But see the quivering lips essay to j speak • “ Mother !” How each heart throb bed now, and then each pulse stood still. They listen. “ Mother the dying girl | breathes forth— •* I ece—a light—l’m almost • home !” Blessed thought Light is sown for man, even amid the gloom and darkness of the grave. The apparent motion of the earth is from the rising sun to the setting sun when her i : real motion is from the setting sun towards I the rising. So is it with man; he far cies him : self journeying from life to death, while in i tact he is travelling from death to life. Powerful iteasoning. At a young rn n’n debating society some- j where down in Indiana, the question for dis cussion was, “which was the greatest evil, a 1 scolding wile or a smokey chimney.” Alter ! the appointed disputants had concluded the j debate, a spectator rose and begged the privi- i lege of making a remark on the occasion, j Permission being granted, he delivered himself this way : Mr. President, I’ve been almost trad a listening to the debate of these ’ere youngsters. They don’t know nothing about the subject. What do they know about the evils of n scolding wife? Wait till they have one for twenty years, and been hammer ed and jammed and slammed all the while, ; and wait till they’ve been scolded because the I baby cried, because the tire wouldn’t burn, i because the oven was too hot, because the cow ' kicked over the milk, because it rained, be- I cause the sun shined, because the hens didn’t i lay, because the butter wouldn’t come, because the old cat had kittens, because they come to j soon for dinner, because they were one minu'e too late, because they sung, because they tore their trowsers, because they invited a neigh bor woman to call again, because they got 1 sick, or because they did anything else, no : matter whether they could or not, before they j talk ahout the evils of a scolding wire; why ; Mr. Preaident, I’d rather hear the clatter of : hammers and atones, twenty tin panx, nine brass kettles, than the din, din, of the i tongue of a scolding wife. Yes. ser ree, I would ; to my mind, Mr. President, a smoky chimney is no more to be compared to a scolding wife, than a little nigger is to a dark night.” The Great £torm of 1703« The Most violent storm ever known to oc cur on the coasts of Europe was on the 27th . of November, 1703 —one hundred and forty eight years ago. This fearful tempest on the shores ol great Britain was preceded by a strong west wind, which set in about the middle of November, and everyday and every hour increased in force, till on the 27th it raged so furiously that every heart was ap palled, and horror and confusion seized upon all, whether onshore or at sea. To venture abroad was to rush into instant death; and to stay within afforded no other prospect than that of bei« g buried under the ruins o: a falling habitation. One hundre I and twen ty-three persons were killed by the falling of dwellings ; amor get these were the Bishop of Bath and Weils find his lady, by the fall of part of the Episcopal Palace of Wells, and Lady Penelope Nicholas, sister to the Bishop of London, at Horselay, in Sussex. Those who perished in the waters, in the floods of the Severn and the Thames, on the coast of Ho land and in ships blown away, and never heard of afterwards, are computed to have amounted to eight thousand. All ranks and degrees were affected by this amazing tempest, for every family that had anything to lose, lost something: lands, houses, churches and trees, all were disturb ed or damaged by its lury. The damsge in the city of London alcne was computed at near £2,000,000 sterling. In tnc river Thames, only four ships remained between London bridge and Limehouse, the rest being driven below, and lying there misera bly beating against one another. Five hun dred wherries, 200 ship boats, and one hun dred lighters and barges, were entirely lost, and a much greater number received very consideroble damage. The Eddystone Lighthouse, near Ply mouth, was precipitated into the surround ing ocean, and with it Mr. Wmstanely, the architect by whom it was contrived, and the people who were with him. Having been frequently told that the edifice was too slight . to withstand the fury of the winds and waves, he was accustomed to reply that he only wish ed to be in it when a storm should happen. Unfortunately his desire was gratified. Sig nals of distress were made, but in so tremen dous a sea no vessel cculd live, or would ven ture to put off for their relief. So awful a vis itation produced the most serious impressions on the Government, and a day of fastin ▼ and humiliation was appointed by authority. Explosion of Andirons.—Several months , since, the family of the editor was alarmed by a sudden and tremendous explosion, about ten o’clock at night in an adjoining room. Upon inquiry it was ascetained that the hollow brags knob on the top of a com mon andiron had exploded, throwing a frag ment of it with great force iuto the ceiling. The report was louder than that of a pistol, and the knob was thrown with sufficient pow er to have killed a man. The circumstance was attributed to the svdden expansion of the air confined within the knob, but as such an occurrence had never been known before, and the explanation was regarded unsatisfac tory, no mention was made of it. The recur rence of two similar accidents in thia city within the last week, had induced us to men tion the fact, as a caution to housekeepers and ‘ otheis, against the use of andirons of this des cription. We have known now of three differ ent explosions under exactly similar circum stances —all them fortunately h&rm'ess. but in < each case the fragment of the knob was thrown off with force enough to have killed or seri ously wounded any one of whom it might have struck. We would advise against the use of andirons of this descrip Ven ; or if they are used, the knob should have a hole drilled in it of sufficient site to admit the free escape of any air that it may contain. — Colusn ins Sentinel. Emigration to Texas.—The Victoria Ad vocate of the 15th inst., says: Great as was the tide of emigration to our ! country last year, we have seen and heard enough during the last two months to con vince us that the emigration will be much greater the coming winter than it has ever been during any previous one. Alabama, ' Tennessee. Virginia and Mississippi* are send ing in their scores of families by almo-t every steamer, and the cry is “still they come.” The failure of the corn crops in Eastern Tex as, and the low water in Red River will di > vert many to our channel who would ether wise come across by the Red River route 1 Those who come among us will receive a i hearty welcome, find a pretty country, with t corn and all other provisions in abundance Beauty is all in one’s eye—after a few years. Yes. and all in one’s grave—alter a few years more 1 ! Who Make a Country.—Brantz Mayer in his address before the Historical Societies i of Maryland, stops occasionally to philosu i phise, and doss it well. After saying thai I three classes of men are first needed for the ■ development of a country, the Discoverer. , the Conqueror, and the Pioneer, he says : ’‘Emigration is the overflowing of a bitter cup. Men do net ordinarily leave their ra ! live lands and kindred for the perils of the ; wilderness, or for a country with which they J have no community of laws language, or present interest, unless poverty or bad gov- E | eminent crowd them into the forest. When : the discoverer and the conqueror have found . ' the land and partly tamed the savage, the pi j oneer advances into th* ir field of relinquished ► enterprise, and his task partakes in some de gree of the Gangers incurved by both his pred ecessors. He is always a lover and seeker of ’ independence, and generally pursues it with a laudable desire to improve his lot ; yet the • perfect exercise of this independence some times becomes selfishly exclusive. Its es ' ; sence in our country, is the complete self re liance of the one man or the one family. This spirit of social, political and industrial inde pendence occasionally becomes wild, inpa tient, and uncontrollable, Its mildest exhi bition under such circumstances is in rude manners or wayward lawlessness, which out j raged neighborhoods are wont summarily to f i redress. True civilized liberty dots not ' countenance such m< ckers of justice within its pale, and thus there are multitudes who not only go voluntarily and wisely into new lands, but other heedless or scoffing crowds are scourged by society into the sombre forest, a-d df nW' I States gathered, purged,and crystaiised around i the centres of modern civilization. Hope ; ambition, misery avarice, adventure, noble I purpose, drive off impatient men who will no: I be satisfied with the slow dripping accretions of wealth in the old communities. They re : quire fortune and position by a .eap. Inde pendence demands space for the gigantic in spirations of its vast lungs, and flies headlong to trie forest. The wandering woodsman cr hunter gathers bis brothers in armed masses for protection amid tuis chaos of unorganised freedom and they support each other cheerfully in seasons of danger or diease. But the social law of humanity vindicates itself against the eager spirit of perfect independence. Where- 1 ever man, who has once either drained or sip ’ ped the cup of civi’izaiion, is found, there [ must he be fed and clothed ; nor does he cease ■ to yearn for the relinquished luxuries, amuse ! ments, or comforts of the home he abandoned i beyond the eastern mountains. Wherever I man goes, man’s representative—money—pur sues him ; and secretly he longs for the pleas ing results of that civilization which he feigns to despise. Thus the pioneer may be said to bait the forest like a trap for the trader. Ta king up the war with the Indian where the conqueror left it, he at once sfibdues the soil and the savage. The farmer at length plants himself on the land that the ranger wrests . from the Indian. The merchant covers with his ! sails the seas that were scourged by the pi -1 rate. The dollar dulls the edge of the i bowie knife. Where the pioneer treads the i missionary follows. Element by element civilization drops in. Peace, like a cooling ; shadow follows the blaze of war. Death i closes the career of the primeval forester, and j the law oi God, vindicating, by its perfect ul ! timate success, the merit of peace, whose tri : umphs are the only true ones, plants the tra der and the farmer on his grave, and that 1 which was wide'y won is quietly and perma nently enjoyed.” The Moon.—Pre lessor Mitchell, the great American astronomer, has been delivering a course of popular lectures in New York, cn his favorite science. From a report of these lectures in the New York Tribune, we select the following, relating to the moon, w hich strikingly illustrates the harmony of the uni : verse. ■ “By a comparison of the accounts of eclip- I ses by the ancients, particularly the Babylo -1 nians, with modern observations, it appeared that the moon moves swifter than she did three thousand years ago. The increase was small, to be sure—her place having only ad vanced three diameters in that time. But what was the cause, and what, would be the result ? , The problem was solved by La Phce. The : earth’s orbit round the sun, though eliptical, is minutely opening through the attraction of cx i traneous bodies. The orb.t being thus en j larged, and the sun’s influence diminished, ! the earth's influence over the moon becomes ! proportionately greater, orbit will continue i to increase through millions of centuries, till it shall become a circle, and then will slowly . return again to its present shade, swinging j back and forth, like a pendulum, striking the ebbing seconds of eternity itself. “But, though some sixty or seventy differ ent sources of disturbance have been discover ered and calculated, still the moon will get out cf her place. It will not answer for the min ute and hour hand of the world’s time-piece to be wrong. If she hides a particular star to-day, we must know exactly when she will do so again. Hart-on, a most indefatigable German astronomer, has calculated several of the disturbing forces, and will probably con quer all difficulties r training. One of those overcome is this :—N enius, which moves more speedily than the earth, for one hundred and forty years tends to bend the earth’s orbit one way. and then the sau.e length of time coun teracts the influence. Ihe earth in turn af fects the moon, so that it has advanced in 240 years, 100:h part of its diameter. ‘•So perfect are the calculations at present thfit her phce can never be more than one cr two thousandths of her di'meter f.*om that assigned her in the tables. But it ia impor tant that th<* tab'esshould be perfectly accu rate, and this will probably be accomplished. The Professor then described the physical appearance of the moon, as seen through a telescope, being brought within a range of 240 miles, and snow ing all its craters, lakes mountains, plains and ravines. He explained the fact that the moon, more discourteous than the other planets, never shows but one face to us, revolving on her axis in the same time which she occupies in her orbit The fact that her revolution had never been accelerated was evidence that no corn ?!, or other body, had ever disturbed, the harmony which exist ed throughout the entire sys cm. Attractive Labor.—ln his poem before the Franklin Lyceum, Providence, Mr. Saxe introduced the following hit at the sham phi losophies of the day, by which it is pretended that society may bo regenerated : ‘‘Hail social progress! each new morn is rife With sorae n ;w theorj’ of social life. Some matchless scheme ingeniously designed From half their miseries to free mankind ; On human wrongs triumphant war to wage. And brine anew the glorious golden age. ‘ Association’is the magic word From many a social ‘priest and prophet’ heard : •Attractive labor 1’ ring the changes round. And labor jtrows attractive tn the sound ; And many a youthful mind were haply lurk Unwelcome f*ncie«at the name of ’work/ Sees pleasant pastime in its lensing view Oi ‘toil made easy’ and‘attractive’ too, And, fancy-rapt, with joyful ardor, turns Delightful grindstenes and seductive churns THE NATIONAL REVENUE. The Journal of Commerce says that it has authentic intelligence from Washington to the effect, that during the last fiscal year the rev enue from Customs amounted to $49,000,000 From Public Lands, to 2,000,000 Total, $51,000,000 Eight millions of the Public Debt has been extinguished in the same period, by the pur chase in N. York of securities to that amount, at market rates. For the fiscal year ending June 30. 1850, the receipts from customs were, .$39,668.6*(j From Public 1and51,859.894 T0ta15415,28,580 The excess of revenue from Customs and Lands for the year ending the 30th of June last, over the preceding year, is therefore nine and a half millions of dollars. The receipts from customs exceed the esti mate of the Secretary of the Treasury, pre sented ia his last report to the Hou«e of Rep resentatives, in the sum of $4,000,000. The land revenue exceeds the estimate only $33,- 000, The total receipts into the Public Treasury during the year ending June 30, 1850. were $47,421,748.90. In that year the reduction of the pubi c debt was effected to the extent only of $495,276.79, In the last annual message of the Presi dent it wss represented that a porticn oi the public debt amounting to $8,075,986, must be provided for within t-.%0 years, adding: “It is most dt sirable that the<e accruing demands should b? met without resorting to new loans.” Happily that has been accomplished in a sin gle year, trom the surplus income of the country. Mint in Philadelphia.—The coinage at the Mint in Philadelph a for the week ending 22d November wa551,7157.940 Amount of Mint certificates paid 804,461 Amount of certificates outstanding pay- able or. presentation 428,009 Amount es coin belonging to the bul- lion fund.... 1.681,795 i bullion cn hand paid from the bullion fund 4,431/00 A Monster Tunnel.—Ground is broken for the giTat tunnel of four miles long : through the li nsic Mountain, for the Troy and Greenfield Railroad. r> The Pro met He u a Fired into by nil Kms‘- ee ligh Urigot War. • »- The following are the authentic particular; it of the outrage recently committed by an Eng ie lish hrig of war on the American stcamei r, Prometheus. It will surely not be permuted to pass without the prompt notice of our Gov sr cmm ent: x Steamship Prometheus, .) e ! San Juan, Nov. 21, 1851. j ~ j Gentlemen:— ln order to correct any mis ’r statement that may be macte • f the circum- r _ stance of the English brig of war Express firing into the Prometheus,- I beg of you to d give the following statement an insertion in your paper. At 2, P. M., I proceeded to get my ship un der weigh, to proceed to sea, having but just received the last of our passengers from the Pacific steamer, numbering in all abour 600. At this moment, the city authorities of e Greytown, constituted, as they stated by the authority of the Mosquito King, came, on board the ship with a police force, and served gprocess of attachment on the ship and my g splf, for the amount of $123, claimed by the authorities for present and anchorage port dues charged the ship, which we supposed to ; bb illegally demanded, and had consequently a refused to pay them, as I did in the present “ iijMance. ? IThe port dues are made up from the right ? of anchorage in the harbor, Captain of the i Pbrt’s fees, and pilotage. y i I hove up my anchor and dropped down the ' H|rbor with the current, having alongside s onp cf the River steamers, receiving from her the.baggasM of the passengers. The English ' f .. csij a tdrorc distance froui us, I immedie'cly got under weigh, made sail for us, and when within a quarter of a mile fired a round shot over our forecastle, not clearing f the wheel-house over ten feet. In a few mo ments another shot was fired, which passed ever the stern, so near that the force of the ball was distinctly felt by several passengers. I sent on board the brig to inquire the cause ’ |of the firing into us. Tne Captain said it was ’ to protect the authorities of Greytown in their demands, and if we did not immediate ly anchor he would fire a bomb-shefil into us, and ordered bis guns loaded with grape and , canister. At the same time our small steam ’ er left us, and I proceeded under steam back to our anchorage, and anchored. The brig stood up the harbor, and anchored very near us; ‘ sent a boat on board of us, wi h orders that \ our fires should be put out, and that an officer ! would be sent to see that the fires were extin ' guished. The shore authorities then came on board; and under the circumstances of the case, the amount demanded was paid under j protest, and we were permitted to proceed to sea by the captain of the brig. Respectfully, your obedient servant, Henry Churchill, Captain of the Steamship Prometheus. Capt. Waterman and the cretr of the Challenge J* —The •‘Challenge*’ sailed irom New York ■ with a crew of sixty men—a large portion of 1 whom are represented as having been lands men. The labor of sailing the ship conse quently devolved on the experienced portion of the crew, and was regarded by them as too onerous to be endured. The result is thus stated in the following communication. 11 Journal of Commerce. . Extract of a letter front the Consignees of the ship arrived at San Francisco, Oct 2dth. San Francisco, Oct. 31, 1851.—She arrived here on the 29th inst., in beautiful order, ht-r crew in rather bad j light, having suffered from dysentery, by which six mtn died, and three were lost from the mizen yard iu a gale. Some of the Sailors runaway before the ship came alongside the whai f and told such shock ing stories of the maner in which they had been treated, that a greit excitement was created amongst the boatmen and sailors on the wharf, and the moment she arrived alongside the wharf, her decks were covered with the mob, crying out for the captain and mate, to lynch them, and had they faJen in.o their hands it would have been impossible to rescue them. They fortunately !e:t the ship before she came to the wha fit appears that it was the I intention oithe crew to seize the ship off Rio, murder the captain and mate —get her into their command, and go where they pleased. ; This was attempted about 12 o’clock in the day. The mate was knocked down and stabbed by the crew, but was rescued with out terious injury by the captain, who succe ed in bringing tnem to duty, and they were not very kindly treated afterwards. The ; tain and mate have kept out of the way. The : excitement was so great that the mob visited ed ’lerS*** f -Cy took forcible possess’mi <■ . ; the est-atnishmcnt, and searched till they were satisfied that no one was concealed here, when they retired, not, however, without the i interference of the police and Vigilance Com mittee. They have threatened the ship—to bum and scuttle her. She is now in the hands of the U. S. Marshal, with a strong guard, as also a guard from the revenue cutter, and we trust all will pas s off without further disturbance. Returned from California. —Many from our county have returned, whose names we cannot remember, and of whose acquaintance we have not the pleasure. We notice, how ever, recently, of our townsmen who went from here something over eighteen months since, Messrs. Comer, Woolly, O’Conner and Thornton, whom we congratulate most coi dially upon their sale return ; and for their success in the trines, The former made s tne 3 or 4000 dwt*. while the latter realized some 7 or 8000. The Messrs. Summerour, who were of the same company, are still more for tunate. Mr. J. B. Gordon, also of this county, brought for himself and others, 113 pounds of the “dust.”— Dahlonagah Signal. Parker H. French, the noted swindler, is said to be elected Governor ot Durango. It will be remembered that he was imprisoned there when on h : s way to California. L’he St. Louis Revillo le irns that he was released, on condition that he wou d raise a company and drive off the host of Indians—a ser vice which rendered him exceedingly popular with the people, who elevated him to the Gubernatorial Chair. Destructive Storm on the Ohio. —The Maysville Eagle Stales that nine • coalboats were sunk on the Ohio on the night of the 20th inst. f ur above and five below that place, and twelve lives teat. The wind blew a hurricane. It rained and snowed alternate ly, while the darkness was intense. The waves ran so high that they dashed entirely over the boats, and when found impossible to keep them stloat, men took to the skiffs but they were dashed into the boats and went down together, the men then took to planks and were washed off ore by one until all were lost except John Thompson and f William Coddinaton, who lashed themselves’ to a plank with their cravats, they were each some eight hours in the water before reach ing shore. — Nashville Banner. I Serious Charge.—lt will be recollected that a large factory building in Philadelphia coun ty was burnt down on Wednesday, the 12th inst.; one hundred persons were employed in the building, some leaped from the high s.o ries and saved their lives by loss of limbs, aad , a man and two girls ware burnt to death. , John and David Donnelly, brothers, who are cotton manufacturers, aad occupied the se j cond story where the tire broke cut, have been I arrested, and held cn charge of manslaughter. It was proved that one of them in defiance of th I the remonstrance oi ewipioye, carried a lighted t lamp into the irflamabie picker-room without any cause therefor and as soon as he came out theroomwas enveloped in flames. The accuse ’ ed were committed to prison, the examining alderman refusing to admit them to bail. Disuntaniam is Federalism* The Democratic Rcvicic, in some recent remarks > in reference to the Pensylvania election, re . membering that the origin of the doctrines of secession and disunion was from the Hartford Convention, says : “The old Federal paity ; has bad eneugh of power to indue® a display cf the cloven fqoti the people once more rally *u their strength to cast out the disu nionist descendants of Tory fathers,” &c, ’ This is a pleasant compliment to the late J disunion secession pxzty, who so freely de nounced every one who opposed their resis tance schemes as “federalists,” &c. The pep ’ ular “sky has changed,” end they have ? changed with it, Jt i» new all “acquiescence” J and was frem the first “nothing else.” The leaders who had long made the silver shrines for “her of Ephesus” have "seen that their “craft is in danger” and now shout with sten torian lung?, ‘ Great is Diana of,the Dcmocra ? cy.” They again seek her embraces, which but recently they affected to despise and * spurn.— Alabama Journal. “Tom. didn’t you sign the pledge r” asked ? a gentleman of a friend who was taking a smash at the Ccrpcral’s. “Yes,” said Tom, “but you know all signs fail in dry times.” E A Grand Archaiolcgical Discovery— Alexander Von Humboldt publishes in the 1 Gazette de Spenser some particulars of his in ■( teresting discovery at Athens ol the Council Chamber where the Five Hundred held their 5 deliberations- At a depth of one foot below the surface he had come upon 3 large mass of 3 inscriptions, columns statues, &c., which for bid a doubt that there had been the seat of i that buildirg. The explorations have not z gone on as rapidly they might, on account f of expense. Taere is I’.tle doubt, however the i discovery is of extraordinary importance. Internal Improvements and Manufactories. Mr. Watterson :—As this seems to be the 13 age of progress, and as the South and West parti* »’ i cularly, seem at last partially to have waked uj r . to a true sense of their interest with respect tc fl the subjects embraced in the caption of this ar r tide, 1 propose through the medium of youi columns to add my mite to the many views that i have lately been given to the public in relation I thereto. 1 even do this under the firm convic i- i tion, however much I may be mistaken, that if the .- ' views which I shall here suggest, or anything of s ' a similar nature and of the same tendency, should o j ever be carried out by a concert, ©faction on the n part of the South and South-west, that the bene- I licial results would be startling in their character; . | that it would effect a complete and peaceable re t volution in the way of trade in this country ; that e i it would eventually incline the balance of popu . lation, and of course of power from where it now f ; lies in the North to the South; in short, that it r would finally and more effectually than any con j : viction ever yet thought of or acted upon by the j South, place her upon an eminence of safety with regard to aggression upon her rights. The beauty ’ \ of my system also consists still further in the fact, that all this would be effected in a peaceable manner, and without even looking towards a dis y ■ ruption of those bonds of amity and concord, ’ ■ which should always bind together the different 1 parts of this greatest fabric of a free government the sun ever yet shone upon. The race which I 1 would propose to put on tbot between the North s and South, would be one purely of energy and enterprise, in which, and I say it boldly, the South 5 has every advantage; that she has both whip and ? reins in her own hands, and ifshe dont reach the ' goal of success, she will owe it only to her own i l blindness* and fatuity. Indeed, it is a matter nf , surprise ‘to any one' that will look‘calmly at the r subject, that the South, with all her natural ad i vantages, has thus far let the North so greatly ; outstrip her in wealth, population and progress . generally. The causes which have led to this • result. I shall not at present attempt to decyphcr; . but will, instead, devote my attention exclusively in this article to remedies for the future. ■ Byway of reducing my arguments to some i thing like order, I will observe that the above i description only exhibits, in my opinion, the grand result, of the right system of policy on the part of the South; and that it becomes now ne cessary to state what can be done by her as a means, so as to effect this purpose; and that I will > afterwards attempt to point out, in my poor way, ! at least one method by which a concert of action > might be brought about, and all of these desirable [ results obtained. I The South, then, can if she chooses, for several I years to come, convert one-third of her population into builders of railroads and manufactories, ivith- • out being one dollar out of pocket while so doing. ; She can do this, even supposing, byway of making , | the position stronger, that their railroads and manufactories should be swept away by a torna do as soon as made, leaving no vestige of them ' even to mark the spot upon which they had been ' built. I mean by this that she would be as rich i in the aggregate, both in means and money, as be . lore all this had happened: but it is for the States, as parents and guardians of the interests of their people, to equalize the benefits and burthens of such a system, should it ever be established. Again, after these roads are built and manufac tories established, the South can compete success fully both with the North and Europe in the manfacture of cotton goods. She can do this for several good and sufficient reasons, among which I will mention as most prominent—lst, that she has the raw material at hand without expense of transportation : 2d, that labor is cheaper here than at the North, the price of a day laborer ! there being generally S2O per month, while at the South it is on an average not more than $10; ■ I allude of course, in this estimate to men, (as to white girls, they have no suitable occupation at ■ any price by which to make their living, except j their needle, in this section of country;) and last, I but by no means of least importance, with the facilities of railroads and the Tehuantepec route ! opened, we will be the nearest part of the civiliz- I ed world to the great mart of China—that mart which is destined in a very few years to effect a ’ great revolution in the way of commercial ex ! ports, and the difference in distance and facility I of reaching which will be sensibly and beneficially I felt by the South, provided she improves her op portunity of laying down railroads, and establish i ing manufactories for heavy cotton goods. Now all of these premises being true,as above ’ laid down, and that they are so, can be demon strated with as great a mathematical certainty as any problem in Euclid, will not, and ought not* ■ the South to be considered “as mad in the ex ’ treme, and demented with the folly of her own dignity, n ifshe dont seize hold of circumstances . as theypass and improve them t© her advantage!- The secret of this whole matter lies in a nut-shell and it is this, the South has a monopoly of cottun. ! Now is it a supposable ease, that any individual of ordinary capacity could have a monopoly in ny ©f trad* without getting enor- mously rich! I think that this will be granted I to be scarcely possible. Then if this principle 1 holds true with an individual, it will also hold | true with regard to States, provided they will act I in concert and as one man.—This being therefore j a self-evident maxim, I will devote no more at tention to it; but will endeavor to prove instead. : that the principle upon which it is based,namely, i that the South has a monopoly of cotton, is cor- I rect. It is a well known fact, that England has I been trying for several years past to raise up a rival to the United States in the matter of | producing cotton. She has tried India, Africa, and I know not what other countries and colo i nies besides, for this purpose,but all in vain; and i finding that this could not be done successlqlly, | it has even been tried in that country latterly I to substitute the manufacture of flax for cotton. i As I see no mention of this, however, for the i last few months. I presume that it also is a failure. : But what does it all prove? It is not evident by this that England sees and feels that we have this monopoly? That the supply of her manu factories depends altogether upon the fluctuation of produce in this country, and as a necessary ; consequence, if that produce shoulej be small, ! from war or any other cause, that she would ! have to pay enormously for the amount of cotton to supply her wants, it it could be obtained at all! Evidently this is so. Then if she sees it and is trying to avoid the effects of it, why can’t we also see it. and appropriate its advantages? Certainly, it is the duty and privilege of every , country, to seize the benefit of every circum- ; stance of soil and locality to advance its own ; interest. Within the last 20 years,the increase of supply 1 of cotton from this country has been enormous, so also has the increase of demand. But, un fortunately for us, the increase of supply h<is . slightly exceeded that of the demand, which has tended to reduce prices. Now it is a generally admitted principle, that the price of an article depends upon the supply and demand: it is also equally as true, though not as generally well known or admitted, that the value of most ar-» tides, and particularly of articles in the raw | state, (as cotton) the manufactories for which must be supplied, is enhanced greatly more than 1 in the proportion of the failling off in quantity, ; As an illustration of this I have only to adduce : the operations of the cotton market for the last few years, which is in the knowledge and re membrance of all. Thus—previous to the year 1848 the increase of supply of cotton, was slight . ly greater than the increase of demand, and the result was as might have been anticipated; it fell off gradually in price until that year, when the unprecedentdely large crop o 12.500,000 bales having been made in this country, it yielded the planter the unheard of low price’ of from 4 to cents per pound. The next year, eit’ner from the low price of the previous year or from some other cause, there was not a* much cotton made by some 500,000 bales, and what was the result .of that.- 5 Why that the 2,000,000 bales of the year 1849, brought fully twice as much money in the country, as the 2.500.0QQ cd the year be fore. And the same dfecl wdl ever be produced from the same Whereas, the diminution in quwuisy was paly 25 per cent, the enhaced I value was from 125 to 150 per cent. But to pursue the theme further. In 1830 the amount of the crop was about 2,300,000 bales, 300,000 more than ip but which 300,000 it nearly but net quite required to supply the vacuum created by the deficit of the preceding year. The result was that price* remained about the same in 1849 uqtU the close ofthe season, when it being ascertained that the crop was a little larger than anticipated,they somewhat declined. For the present year, various estimates have been made, but from the most reliable informa tion it is believed that the crop will be a large one. and the value has in consequence greatly ■ diminished. Now all of this goes to prove that the price of cotton depends almost altogether upon the supply from th*s country —therefore that it is a mono poly. And while this is the case and we can contract the supply by a concert of action, it is ut terly impossible for the demand to be contracted; and this because the demand comes from various | quarters of the world, forbidding unity of action ; and because moreover, from habit cotton goods have now become to be a necessity, to the grea ter part of the world. But it may be said that there is no power in this free government, simi lar to that of the Autocrat of Russia, which can ! forifid.the people from cultivating cotton, as • much as tkuey please. That is true. But we ' can use a two edged sword. We can convert the labor of one third of our population, by giv ing the proper stimulus and assistance from the Stages in their sovereign capacity, into the ma king of railroads and manufactures; which while it will improve our country in an eminent de -1 gree. will also bring in a much greater amount ; of money from abroad, as the produce of cotton: : it will raise the price of corn and provisions of | everv kind, to supply the wants of these laborers I upon internal improvements. &c.: in fine it will ' raise the price cf labor itself, and induce many ‘ laboring men from the North to emigrate South, 1 and consequently give us a rapid growth in popu lation. while it will greatly enhance the ’ value of our slaves. It is a great mistake 1 whichTsupposes the reason of the North increas- i ing in population so much faster than the South, , L to be on account of slavery. It is because by the | system of things at the North. labor yields more ; i to the hand and consequently brings more in the , i market. Let us reverse this order of things, and t the result will be a change of emigration and j VOL. LXV.--NEW SERIES VOL. XV.—NO. 50 tide of population in the same ratio; the still fui ther result will be, that before a great many yea: ‘ e the balance of power itself will be transferred fron l “ the North, where it now lays, to the South P where it should belong; to preserve the constitu ° tion inviolate upon the subject of slavery. [r Having now stated as nearly and clearly as ,f. am able to do it, what I believe the South can d< Q as a means, and the general results which wii flow from such a course of policy: it only remain c that, according to promise and my poor capacity I should give my views as to one method at leas by which this all might be accomplished. A. e before stated, concert of action on the part of th< cotton growing States is absolutely necessary.— Now, can this be effected, by the Legislature© someone of those States taking it upon itself t( f. invite the co-operation of the Legislatures of the . other States: each State appointing a committee r ol a few men to meet those of the other States ir t a Southern peaceable Congress to consult upon the best course of action; the decision of which Con -3 gress would no doubt be morally binding upor t the Legislature of every State. This of course - \ s only a suggestion of my own. There are nc doubt many other ways which would be infinite ly better. But so the purpose is effected, it will . be immaterial as to the means by which it is done. t In conclusion let me observe, that lam not b vain enough to suppose that what has been here [ written by an obscure individual will receive i from the public more than a passing notice. 1 They are my firm convictions nevertheless, and i although it may do no good to have published [ them, lam satisfied it will do no injury. What ■ is imperatively called for upon the part of the i South in these premises, is action, action, action. f We have talked and written about it long > enough: and I have no doubt that it is the opinion of every informed man that some such a course of policy, as here suggested, should be pursued; t but nothing has yet been done in a regular, sys ; tematic manner. While it is absolutely impos sible for any thing to be done in this behalf by indi viduals, only in a lame and impotent manner, it is the easiest thing imaginable for the States to effect great things by acting in concert and as one man. If we would only devote one-halt the time and talents to this subject that hare been given to disunion and secession conventions, great results would unquestionably be obtained; and in short, if the advice of an humble individ ual is followed, instead of cutting the gordian knot of our difficulties with the North, with the sword, like the’great Alexander of ancient days, as seems to have been contemplated, we will on the contrary remodel and wreathe it into a “bow of promise” to last for many generations, and so be as a sign and light for other nations wishing to tread the same path of liberty, fraternity and equality. J- H. W. THINGS IN MILLEDGEVILLE. Milledgeville, Dec. 1,1851. House. 1 he House consumed about a half hour in dis cussing a resolution of equivocal policy, that a motion to suspend the general order of the House, shall be concurred in by two thirds of the mem bers present. The yeas and nays were called on the question and are, yeas 37, nays 55. On the call ofthe counties, the following bills were introduced and read the first time : xri A^inson—To incorporate the Georgia Mechanical and Manufacturing Institute, in the Also, to incorporate and endow the Georgia Academy for the blind. by Mr. Harris, of Clark—To amend the act of granting to solvent specie paying Banks the privilege oi issuing bills of a less denomination than five dollars. This bill is intended to allow them to issue such bills, to the amount ol ten per cent, on their capital. Also, to amend the 7th section, 2d article of the constitution. By Mr. Morel—To regulate the granting of re tail licenses, in the county of Effingham. By Mr. Barr—To incorporate the Clarksville and I ugaloo Rail or Plank Road Company. By Mr. Robinson, of Macon—To amend the 15th section. 9th division of the Penal Code, in relation to the service of summons upon persons guilty of forcible entry and detainer, in certain cases. By Mr. Floyd—To appropriate money for the support of government, lor the years 1852 and 1853. By Mr. McDougald—To extend the charter of the Bank of St. Alary’s. Also, to authorize the Governor to lease, rent or farm out the Western & Atlantic Railroad, and for other purposes. By Mr. Clark, of Stewart—ln relation to the issuing of change bills and private banking, and to punish for a violation of the same. The act passed at the last session, to add a sec tion to the first article of the constitution, “ that the Legislature shall have no power to incorpo rate any Church, Academy, School, Literary, 1 or RfcljjtoUß Absoeiatwq. let- Fire,T’.Wtre,Hotel,Bridge, or Military Company, &c. &c.,’ ? vesting all these powers in Superior and Inferior Courts ofthe State, was opposed by Messrs. Bartow, Meriwether and McDougald, and advocated by Mr. Tift. On the passage of the bill, the yeas were 12, nays 80. Senate. hi the Senate, no business of general interest has been consummated, with the exception of the bill for the protection ofthe rights of married women. Upon the deliberation of thai measure much time was consumed without coming to an issue at the hour of adjournment. 3 o’clock, p. ai. The act of the last session, giving the election of Attorney and Solicitors General-, was taken up for consideration. A motion to postpone the det for the present, was opposed by Messrs. Mc- Dougald,Tift, Thurmond and Russell, and favor ed by Messrs. Trippe, Harper and Floyd. On its final passage, the yeas were 91, and nays 5. It is therefore, a part of the constitu tion of the State, as there can be no doubt of the Governor's sanction of it. A resolution from the Senate, allowing the State House Officers a Clerk, during the session, was rejected by yeas 31, nays 63. The bill reouiring the Governor to cause the assets of the Central Bank to be transferred to, the State Treasury, passed without debate. The remainder ofthe afternoon was occupy ; in the reading of bills of the Senate, th© (hA time. The Senate did nothing this afternoon, than discuss the bill to nrfti©ct the rights of mar ried women. Milledgeville, Dec. 9,1851. Mr. Bartow, from the Committee oil Internal Improvements, introduced a bill for the govern ment and management of the Western & At- * iantic Railroad. As there is but little doubt of I its passage, perliaps with numerous amendments : and modification. 1 send you a synopsis of its principal provisions in its present original shape. I It empowers the Governor to appoint the • principal officer, styled the Superintendant, who is to hold his office for two years, or until his successor is appointed and qualified—he is sub- ' ject to removal, by the Governor, for any dis qualifications—may be re-appointed, from term to term—will be required to give bond, with ap proved sureties, to the amount of $20,000. So^ ie j of his duties are, to conduct the operatiq; 1S o f Road, in relation to its construct 4 equipment : and general management-_ t 0 appoint his sub- i ordinate officers, w consent and approval I lot the Gov ertior—he shall establish rates tor the I 1 transportation of merchandise, and tor the con- ' veyance of passengers —he shall make all neces sary arrangements with other Railroads—all contracts which he may enter into, over $ , shall be subject to the approval or rejection of the Governor —he may sue and be sued, in his official character—he may impose penalties for I neglect of duty—he shall have as prompt settle ments as possible—he will be required to make i quarterly reports of his transactions to the Gov ernor, who shall have them published in the j newspapers of Milledgeville—his salary shall be $3,000 per annum—before he shall enter upon : the performance ot his duties, he shall take and subscribe an oath, faithfully and impartially, to discharge all the duties appertaining to his office —that he will not make, nor permit to be made, , any discrimination, for or against other Rail roads, &c. The Governor is further authorised to appoint a Treasurer, whose salary shall be $2,000 per an num. There shall also be an Auditor, to exam- j ine all accounts, with a salary of 51,500 per I annum. No Agent will be permitted to allow , credit for freights, nor shall any goods be re- , moved from the custody of such Agents, till the j freight shall have been paid, except in cases ; where the freights have been collected by other ' Railroads. Every Conductor will be required j to settle at the end of every trip—passengers 1 neglecting to purchase tickets at the several sta tions, from the Agents, shall be charged an extra j Drice. | Such are some of the leading provisions of > this very important bill. Jt is ordered to be minted, but as it is uncertain when that will be I done, I preferred supplying you with the fore- i going meagre abstract, in anticipation. THE HOUSE. The House resumed the consideration of the I unfinished special order of last Wednesday—the ' bill for the pardon of G. D. Cornet. Mr. Thurmond opened the debate. He main- ■ tained that the present, is a clearer case of man- I slaughter, than that of Bishop, whom this Legis- ; lature pardoned—that no malice can be es- ' tablished from the testimony—did not deny that it is a very aggravated case of manslaughter, and . would rejoice if the Constitution permitted him : to vote for a commutation of the sentence, to | confinement in the penitentiary. He spoke of the excitement prevailing in Madison, during the trial, and thought it quite improbable, that a people could, at such a* time, award impartial ; justice to a fellow creature. He said tnere was no malice or deliberation in the act, inasmuch as j the stabbing was immediately consequent upon , a blow received from the deceased. He defined , violence to be any assault upon the person, such , as a slap, a pulling of the nose—the latter he de- I nominated a great assault; and yet, gentlemen assert, he said, that there was no assault or bat tery in this case. Having examined the testi mony. he came to the conclusion, that the pres- ir* ent is not a case of murder, because Cornet did us not go to that place with any malice or inten rn tion to commit any offence, but was provoked to :b, it, by the insults and assaults of the deceased, u- Mr. Russell followed, on the same side, in a long and ingenious argument, and an impassioned ; [ appeal to the mercy and sympathy of the mem j 0 bers. ill Mr. Mobley succeeded, taking the same views ns of the circumstances of the case, as the preceding y. speakers. He was followed by Mr. Floyd, wlirn s t as his speech indicated, strived to prove, from the Is law? and the facts of the case, that the crime ie charged upon the accused, cannot be less than _ murder. o f Mr. F. having concluded, Mr. Milledge moved f 0 for an adjournment to this afternoon. He is, le therefore, entitled to the floor, in the continua ,e tion of the investigation. in SENATE. >e The Senate employed the entire forenoon in >- discussing the merits of the “ Woman’s Bill.’’ as n it is popularly called here. The following Sena ’6 tors advocated its passage, in speeches of much 10 ability: Messrs. Bethune. Calhoun. McCune, and Simmons. The following Senators, some of 11 them at great length, and with much fervor of >s eloquence and sarcastic wit, opposed it: Messrs. J no. L. Byrd, Harman, Mosely. Moore, and >t Slaughter. ■e As this bill has excited a good deal of interest e in the public mind, I send you the yeas and nays on it. The vote is so close, that there can be 4 little doubt of its re-consideration. What its d ultimate fate will be, we shall see : it Yeas.—Messrs. Anderson. Bethune, Connelly, e Calhoun, Day, Dickinson, Flournoy, Flewellen’ i. Hicks, Hardeman, McCune, Reed, Stroud. Sim g ukmis, Tumlin, Wohe, Wellborn, Watters—lS. n Nays.—Messrs. Bryan, Butler. Beavers, J. L. e Byrd, P. M. Byrd, Cone, Coffee, Chappell, Farris, ■> Harris. Harman, Knight, Little, Mosely, Moore, ’’ Ross, Slaughter. Walthour, Wright—l 9. I- Three o'clock, P. M. it o HOUSE. s Mr. Milledge took the floor, this afternoon, in e favor of Cornet, and in a speech of an hour and n a quarter, reviewed the testimony critically, Si taking the ground, that Cornet is guilty of no j. higher offence than manslaughter. He placed . much stress upon the fact, that the prisoners n trial, taking place so soon after the commission of the offence, (within sixteen or seventeen s days,) the community were too highly exaspe n rated and incensed by the freshness of the cir v cumstances attending the crime, to do impartial 0 justice to the prisoner. In support of the remark, g he alluded to a petition, signed by one hundred d and fifty citizens of Moigan, to Gov. Towns, to withhold his respite. At the conclusion of his argument, the question was called, and the Clerk ■ proceeded to the calling of yeas and nays; during which a solemn silence prevailed. Ou _ the passage of the bill, the yeas were 63, nays " 38. Milledgeville, Dec. 3, 1851. HOUSE. a On motion of Mr. Harris, of Clark, the use of the Hall of the House was tendered to C. Bay- ! > for, U. S. Consul at Amsterdam, for the purpose -of laying before the members of the Legislature, j this evening, his views on the commercial, man ufacturing and agricultural interests of the State of Georgia, and the South generally, and on the s importance of establishing and promoting ‘‘ di- rect trade.’’ a The following bills were introduced: e ; By Mr. Bartow—To provide for the education of a certain number of State Cadets in the Geor j gia Military Institute. I By Mr. Bellinger—To give to the owners of 5 | Saw-Mills in this State, a lien on the building, 1 I for the payment of the lumber. I By Mr. Culler—To provide for a Registry of 1 I Births, Deaths and Marriages, in this State. ’ [ By Mr. Holland—To authorise the Justices of I the Inferior Courts to grant private ways on cer- ' tain conditions. By Mi. Walker, of Richmond—To prevent 5 slaves, attempted to be emancipated, from re- ’ maining in this State, and to provide for their - j sale, if they remain. ’ ’ Also—To make penal, the killing, purloining, 5 ; or enticing away, certain birds and domestic an- 1 ■ imals, &c. ! By Mr. Chastain—To appropriate SI,OOO for • j the completion of a road across the Great Blue Ridge Mountain, from Dahlonega to Blairsville, and to appoint Commissioners for the same. By Mr. Lowe—To lay out a new county from Warren, Jefferson and Washington. 1 The bill amendatory of the 6th sec. 3d art. of the Constitution, to authorise the people of the j several counties of this State, to elect an 11 Ordi nary,” was made the special order for Friday next, ' A resolution has been agreed to c ; people, at the next general ''.■jidorae . ; upon their tickets, “ Lien ” or ’’ Ni> r „ien,” u, ’ ordev to asceitain thejr will as .tq ~ x ~* a of maintaining the lien of ’ ty that has passed from the pos 4 essiowlff fh/i.n- r fendant, in verdict or j«dg; oen t, bv'a'l®inl , Tfi^’ ' sale. , ■ > J I’he House then took up the special order of the day, which was the bill jto prohibit the im portation qi Introduction hereafter, of any negro slave or slaves into this State, for the purpose of t I hire, sale or traffic. ! Several attempts were made to give the bill a 1 prospective operation. Mr. Seward and a few - I others, were in favor of fixing its operation to i the Ist of January next. That proposition was rejected, as well as others, for the Ist of March, | the 10th and Ist of February, and the 15th ol L ! January. It was finally fixed for the Ist of Jan- ! j uary next. , i Mr. Seward proposed an amendment going to ' j prohibit the importation of such negroes only, as I may be unhealthy or of bad character, whtcl t j was rejected by a vote of 24 to 78. I The House then adjourned to 3 o'clock, P. M. . j SENATE. ' | In the Senate, the bill for Vne protection of I the rights of married womer,, was re-considered ! I by a vote of 26 to 16, ail'd Tnade the special order > for Thursday, the lltkinst. I he following hills were introduced : By Mr. Qtilhuut:—To give owners of Saw- ( . Mills a, new on buildings for the lumber. Sy Mr. Hardeman—To regulate the adver i ! iteing of Clerks, Sheriffs, and other county ofli- I ! cers, and to provide for the preservation of the i newspapers containing the same. The bill requiring the stockholders to the ’ 1 Brunswick Canal & Railroad Company, to pay an assessment for the completion of said Canal | was re-considered and a substitute passed. The following bills were passed : To incorporate a Savings Bank in the cjfty of j Augusta. To ratify the contract for iron for the. Western ■ & Atlantic Railroad, and to provide means for j paying for the same. j To incorporate Sweetwater Manufacturing , Company. Io incorporate the Columbus & Greenville Plank & Turnpike Company. I To alter the Sih sec. 4th div. of the Penal Code. Phe b,ii to regulate the fees of the Attorney i an< i Solicitors General, was lost. The Senate adjourned to Thursday morning, I 10 o’clock. THE HOUSE. Three o’clock, P. M. The whole of the afternoon session was taken i up in proposing amendments to the bill, to prohibit the introduction of slaves into this State, &c. This bill seems to meet the unanimous oppo : sition of the Southern Rights members, and the I amendments they propose, are voted down with i almost equal unanimity by the Constitutional Unionists. When the question comes up, on the passage of the bill, for a full argument on its merits, it is to be hoped it will receive an impar tial and dispassionate consideration. If this be done, the bill must lose some of its present friends. There are grave objections to trammel- I ling the inter-State slave trade, in the manner ; which this bill contemplates, which time does not permit us to enlarge upon. It is a policy restrictive of the well recognized principles of ; freedom of trade. It will iceatcen the interest of I the border slave States in the institution of slave ry. It will furnish both an argument and a fact against it to its enemies. Information Wauled. Os Catharine Corneilia Terrey, a native of j Tuscaloosa, Alabama, aged about 24 years, I who left Charleston near five years since, ■ where she resided some 16 years during the , last two of which time she lived with Mrs. j Hall. Any information concerning her will be thankfully received by her brother, Cyrus C. Terrey—from whom she will hear some- I thing to her advantage—at the office of the. I Abbeville (S. C.) Banner. Papers throughout the States will confer an especial favor on a typo by publishing this , notice. The Last and Greatest Achimeinent of Marte's : Telegraph. — Elam Alexander, Esq., the able ; and energetic President of the Washington and New Orleans Telegraph Company, whose line of wire, by abased line from the Wash i ington and New York Magnetic Telegraph Company, now extends from New York to ■ New Orleans, writes x despatch, dated 3d in stant, from New York, as follows : “We are this day working our line for the first time direct from this city to New Orleans, and ; are receiving instant replies to our messages.” This long line of Telegraph, on Tuesday, sent and received messages to and from each terminus with as much ease as though it were only to and from Philadelphia or Bos ton. At twelve o’clock a message of thirty four words, addressed to the New Orleans Picayune, was sent from the office in New York direct, and an answer was returned in , less than five minutes Tha«distance between ■ New York and New Orleans by telegraph is over nineteen hundred miles. It is in contemplation to erect a spacioas Ope ra House in Philadelphia.