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’HHKIY CIROUCh i UH 11H. BY WILLIAM S. JONES. iVrddij Chronicle and Sentinel. _____ ; TH ; WEEKLY CHRONICLE & SENTINEL Is Pabllthed ©very Wedneslay, at two dollars per annum IN ADVANCE. TO CLUB< or LN DIVIDUALS sending «> Ten D diar-, SIX copies of tl.e Pcper will he - sent for one thus,furnishing the Paper at the rate of COPIES FOR TEN DOLLARS, or a free C'»py to ail who may procure us /riv snbscrtbers, and forward us the money. THE CHRONICLE AND atINTINEL. DAILY AND TUI-WEEKLY. Are aUo published at this office, and mailed to subscribers at the following rates, namely, Daily Paper, if sent by mril... .$7 per annum. TaiWiEKtr Paper 4 “ •* TERMS OF ADVERTISING. Ite Weekly.—-Seventy five cents per squaic (12 lines or ie*s) for the first insertion, and fifty cent for each s ib.soq ieut insertion. AUGUSTA, GA. SATURDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 20. Instruction in Agriculture Li the kingdom <»TPruwia there are five Agri cultural Colleges and a sixth is about to be opened; in these ar, taught by both theory and practice, the highest branches of science ron uecte L witathe caimra and inqirovproento f the fa ? z »:e eifeme'. s te> - .. . ’ instruction in the culture of .flax; two specially devoted to instruction in the l u&HugeHient of*widow lands; one for instruc tion in the xnatiageiuent of sheep; and there \ are also forty-five amdei farms, intended to jfi serve in introduce" better inodes of agriculture : r in all. serenty-Bwc public establishments for I agricultural education, not to mention others of F a kindr. d nature, or those private schools where the art and science of good farming are taught. k Prussia is a monarchy, with fifteen millions of I people. New. York w a republic with three |. millions, and a territory, which, though not quite * half as large, is richer and better situated, with means of transportation iincomparably superior. Prussia has seventy-one public establishments to instruct her people in farming, the science of sciences, and the art of arts. New York has .npt one; and the proposition to establish a sin gfo Aericnlfttra! College has again and again been voted down in her Legislature. Ought «•> shameful a contrast to exist betweenthat inonur ehy and this republic ♦ Tfre above.remarks of the New York Tribune are worthy the calm aud dispassionate consider ation of the intelligent and reflecting men of every State in the Union. The territory of Georgia is more than half as large as that of I’rtw wa, and yet the latter sustains nearly fourteen £ .times tiia population oAhe former. How and why is tiffs 7 No reflecting man. we presume, Would pretend to assume tiiat, under the pre system of Agriculture and husbandry, much . X improved cs it has been witbin the last few years, Georgia could sustain seven t’uie* her or half that of Prussia TLe answer to the inquiry must be found in the fact that me PnpuHns not only diversify their labor, ;-y tut the goydtumeut directs the attention of the people to tho importance of Agricultural im- * - pro retire nt, nod provider for the instruction of the youth in this most important of all brunches ofindiist/y and science. In G eorxia, however, and pretty much throughout this vast republic of freemen, who hive the power to control the action of govern . ti)ent, we are tol l by those wlfb most needin struc’ion aift’ cultivation in the art of Agricul jure, that •‘nobody can teach them anything ain't*l funning,” that they H have born farmers all lte'<r Lv» Hence we have no need, *n then .•'! no. of Agricultural instruction 3jhtiV ’means <>f ofcterote or Agricultural ? work-. ii.T.eu nous fire to be instructed in tho | bragefic* of mechanic.-*, they are up- | prettiit’d* fora teim <♦:’•. < < and y- t tin- more ' dfffie.uk science and art of ngrieuk.iie. they , puDt acquire wilhp n F A s M l,uet<on u»<l without cul jjw, and are forced, m consequence nf the •shipof prejudiced j against •“ hook fanning.” to delve on in utter ignorance of the elementary principles of a vo » Calion to which the labor and energy of their winde hvfes to 4m devoted. _ LLuw ycry ab surd, and yet how univerNOfy true. It would not be more absurd fur a man entirely uiicitlti vated. to aniline that he was a proficient in every branch of mental and physical science, than for him to assume that he was familiar with tho cultnre ami growth of plants, and knew better how to propagate them than he who bad made himself familiar with their constituent elements and knew what peculiar nutriment they required to facilitate their maturity ami se cure their nearest approach to perfection. \cl absurd as such a position is, the condition oi i the Country and its agricultural progress, nbun dan?ly prove, that the country is full of men who <Mitertd*b such opinions. Just here let ns re ; mark, that, if their system of agriculture is so i perfect, how Joes it happen that central Geor gin, which has been in cultivation only halt a ; century, presents such a wide field of desolation and exhausted lands, while in Prussia and coir tinemal Europe, lands which have been in con stunt tillage for thousands of years are now more productive than in their virgin state. H«»w <lucs it happen, that a class of farmers who know so much about their vocation as to need no aid from the investigations of science, and no in struction from those who luive carefully studied the laws of i-ature and their application to the growth of plants—how does it happen that these iwat setf-ojtiniated planters’ entiie'y destroy the finest country in the work! by ex hausting tho fertility of its soils in fifty years while those who bring to their aid the discove ries of science, have lands alter the tillage of a thousand years yielding a more abundant har vest th m n it* virgin richness ’ That such are .the facts, no well informed inau will pretend to There must, therefore, be some gross error in the theory or practice of those Georgia farmers, who “ have been born far mers who “ have been farmers all their lives,’’ and who “cannot be instructed about farming ’’ The lands of Georgia bear the melancholy im press of their devastating touch, and if we would improve the rich (?) legacy they have be quvalhed us, aud which very few of us Lave im proved, we must endeavor to impart instruction to those who are to follow us—educate our sons inTter which pertain* tn tarahan and let. them know the rationale of tillage and how to direct their labors. The Weather.—Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, (yesterday) have been three of the coldest consecutive days have occurred in this latitude for many years. The thermometer • in the shade indicating a point oeluw freezing nearly through the entire day each day, and at : •unrise in the morning varying from lt» to I? degrees above vero. That they have been en joying a similar luxury northwest of us. is quite ! apparent from the subjoined extracts: Dv. V» —There was a slight fall of ' •now Sunday night. The wind before day. got ■ around to the northwest, and save us a ta-te of real winter weather. At 8 o’clock, A M . the i thermometer registered tSdegrees Thechangv was quite sudden. Sunday atternoon and early in the evening being pleasant Lottirrulf, Dt> - 15. As —Rained nearly all day Sunday till 8 P- M . when it commenced snow ing. and this A. M. the ground is covered with snow. The Weather.—At Independence. Mo., on , the 15‘h in«. the mercury was 10 deg- below aero, and on the 16lh 12deg., and the Missouri ’ river blocked up with ice. At Boonville on the same days it was deg. and S deg. below— at St. Louis vet al degrees below zero, aud the »ver tided w .th floating ice. I'he Boston Atlas states, in proof ot the nect's- • aity of a re-organ nation of the Navy, that a Com- j ■sander and First Lieutenant ordered to the I* S. Sloop Portsmouth, have tendered their resig- ■ naiioos because they «wr nvnt/ g>i to sea . and that another Lieutenant, who has been tor | several years in receipt oi full pay or. sAioreduty lately oniered to this beautiful craft but has l«cen romlenined by survey «h i»k/u The nnmbenut XOOO »!1 ap- andon horseback, wiil manh m the to receive Kossuth m Pbdadel- Timely Hints* During a discussion, recent’y had in the South Carolina Legislature, on a bill to repeal the act 1 authorizing the call of tlie Convention, a mem ber of the House, among other reasons, urged that the assembling of the Convention would be productive us unnecessary expense, upon winch the editor of the Greenville Patriot, himself a j member, makes the following comments, in a t etter to that journal: r -This matter of expense ought to have been , thought of sooner. Tiietruth is, South Carolina is burdening her citizens with taxation, without s i making any improvement in the condition ofthe p j State with the money raised by these heavy tax e ; es. All the other States have built magnificent Slate Houses. The capitol of S >uth Uarolina r ■ might be mistukei) for a Dutch barn or an Eng- • lish stable. The capitol of Tennessee rivalsthe u i capitol at Washington, and built of beautifu : marble. South Carolina is too poor, it is said’ h ■ to erect a Penitentiary like all the othe. States but she can appropriate half a million to pur i. chase cannon and guns to be thrown away and destroyed. This State is not able to give much aid towards constructing railroads, whil.-t Geor c gia is being interlaced all over with them, out of k her public treasury. Other States have publish ed historical collections, codified their public - statutes, reformed their Constitutions, and given to the people equal representations, ti e elec tions of Governor and Electors of President • and Vice President: but in South Caroling we • have no lime to attend to these things. They divide at»d distract the Slate, and draw her olf from her quarrel with the General Government, which is a matter of much more importance; ’ , i It is shrewdly suspected by some,that it might I ; not be an unwise application of the fund, neces ■ | sary to pay for the assembling of the Convey -fTi ’o tho pllrprwte'Tir ndmg ceriaH.lh inbe/s i Cf the Legislature abroad into the Uhtoii, to let ' I the n see whai was going on outside of their little ; wnr’d of South Carolina, and let them learn— for a is suspected some of them do know it— that all the refinement, civilization and progress of the age, is not confined within her borders. Such a tour of observation, would doubtless be productive of much benefit to some of them, and contribute much to the progress of the elate, as they might return not so inflated with their own seif-consequence t and less distended v.ith their grandiloquent notions of secession, and the anti cipation of runuinga Quixotict tilt against the General Govennneut and the rest of mankind, except merry England, to whom they Lave be. come wonderfully attached of late. In the Whig caucus, which adopted the •’ inpr >- misc, there were about forty members. :u d mc-third of these voted to lay the resolve in favor of theCoia promisc on the table. The Whigs havo ninety , ; members in the House: and, accord in. y. only twenty-seven of them appeared in caucus to vote for the Compromise! We clip the above from a ‘•Southern Rights*’ paper, for the purpose ofsajiug it is al! wrong. ' every line of it. The ofiicial report, th? state- ■ tneuts of Mr. Brooks, Mr. Cabell and others on J the floor of Congress, and numerous letters ; from Washington from reliable sources, all show j that, instead of only “forty” there were between t nW members present; that, instead of “one-thi d.” there were but three to five w\\<> ! “ voted to lay the resoh e on the tableand that, i instead us “only twenty .seven,” there wer; over fifty who “appeared in the caucus” and voted t’>r the Compromise. Besides, the Whigs have not “ ninety members in the House the highest number given is eighty sivuk among these ■are several free soilers.or “free democrats as • Giddings styles himself, who hive ceased to act 1 With the Whig party and are not now claimed •' as Whigs. This is the plain truth.— Mobile .dd » vertiser. • It is quite amusing, as well us instructive, to < witness the efforts of the Southern disunion or -! guns to detract from the character, consequence j and numbers of the Whig Congressional caucus, while they, in their exclusive devotion to S u:h --| ern rights, vindicate the Democratic caucus, i which repudiated the Compromise resolution, j a measure which two-thirds of the Southern j people acquiesce in. These exclusive guardian ' of southern institutions, seem to embrace with i peculiar cordiality, Rantoul, Prestos Kimi, and their coiaborera in abolition ami Gecsoil, I and defend their rejection of the compromise ‘ resolution, while hey traduce and misrepresent the Whig cauc <s which adopted it. j Cuuy any act prove more com lusively, to the ; iinpartiai't&ihul; that the “ five loaves and two fi.-hes," whkdM’us: evafaioa.o£_»iftUthn.in ngitn . Ur* witfi Northern abolitionists ami freesoil' r* ■ protuisds tn secure, form the basis of this alliance? What other motive rould operate to bring to - gethor in fraternal embrace, th# two extreme f e- ; 1 tiohx.arnd-'umfn- them upon a caucus iiomiiia- I lion? None—None And the Southern men j who have united in the caiieus. or the coalition, have shown themselves not only capable but ready and willing to raerifice the South ami her institutions to secure a party a triumph by which they may obtaiu control of the spoil*. Verily, Mr. Calhovm had a very jn<t conception of the ‘ cohesive power of die pub lic plunder.” Let the pbople reflect un the scenes which are now enacting by the L*.aders of I the Abolition sir. Free .oil* is ami Southern I Agitators at Washinginn, and determine their ! course accordingly fxnpoitant Invention- The New York Ptir.wr anti Mivhtmi: has an I engraving of a new apparatus, invented by II • C. Pomeroy of Ohio, called a “ Locomotive I ami Railroad track attachment,” “by whi h, | sayg that journal, an engine and train of ears jean easily and safeh—with scarcely m> bin drance—be m ule to aseeuJ and descend melim <1 planes, even where it i« necessary to have a heavy curve. Judging from the inoveu&nisof the model which vve have seen operate, the pre sent propOfMsd appendage to the locomotive ami tlte railroad track, would oorm to ol viate a «ti ficivlty which has long been in U»u w,;y f?I the cheap construction <»f such roads. Pheesthere are. where this invention apparently atfords the only nwans (apart fiotu >t itm»;ary power) I \ which the adv ui:.’ ! <srs ol a railway could La aa cured -aster instance, where a read is sought ! from mines and quarries on a high location to the plains below, or where it is desired to Conner! roads over high grades; and wo can not th* re foro. but regard this invention as one of great public utility. “ The arrangement consists of putting the driving wheels of lie locomotive loosely upon the axle, and connecting them therewith by means of clutches. The axle has a gear attach ed to it, which can be thrown in or out in any * convenient way. as the clutch is detached from the wheels, or attached to them so as to Conner t the driving power with a permanent rack laid down upon the road, by which it is drawn up or let down an inclined plane, with a velocity and power commensurate with the proportion of the gearing. The inside surface of the hub of the driving wheels, has a projection inwards with a clutch upon it, matching its correspond' ing clutch which is attac to the gear. The ' cranks may be fastened cither upon the inside ler outsida of the driving wheels. When the dutches are coupled, the engine works like any ' ordinary locomotive, but when tire wheels are ! uncoupled, they play loosely un die axle, and ’ act as mere trucks or carrying wheels.” Oar Telegraphic Correspondent has already an nounced that the Hon. John B. Thompson, whig j has been elected to the United States Senate Ly • the Kentucky Legislature. Wc perceive that in the | last session of Congress ho represented the Fourth | Congressional District of that State in the House. : and will take the place of Mr. Vuderweod, in the Senate, i ISol. Cold Weather. The thermometer, on Tues*lay morning, at 7 ; o’clock, was only IS degrees above zero, and at i same time yesterday, 15 degrees. The ice was | thick enough to bear a man’s weight. This is i unusually cold for so early m the season. It is I the coldest weather experienced here for several ; years. ; Cotton, equal, it > said, to Sc.i Ular.d j has been raised ou Long Island, by Mr. A. P. , Ricker, of Newton, aud it is believed that it can ■ be made a profitable crop by a little attention, i Tobacco has also been raised on the l>iand with | ’ satistactory results. S I was married at Washington, on the 9th. to • Goold Hoyt. Esq., of New York I There were ud deaths m Providence. R 1.. I during November. d»ed of consumption. 13 ■ AB; Pie.—thi Thanksgiving Day Mr. Levi A. Wander Rochester, sent to the orphans ot i that city a chickeß-} ie which weighed two bun j dm! (MMiuds. AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 24, 1851.’ I GEORGIA LEGISLATCRE. t Legislative Proceedings. Milledgeville, Dec. 15, 1851. I | The Executive and Legislative departments of - the State of Georgia have returned to their res i I peetively legitimate functions. It is presumable that t ' they were “wined and dined” in a style worthy of 1 ; the reputation of our sea-board brethren, for hos- j pitality and high breeding. I have been informed j by some who were participants in that magnificent ! ■ gala, that, in view of the small population oi l Savannah, compared with that of our large North- • j ern cities, and the short time allowed for making • : necessary arrangements, it will compare favorably t with any display of the kind ever undertaken any 1 ' where in this country. It would have bcengratify ” I ing to me to have the opportunity of speaking j more at length, and from personal observation of I an event that will long be ruinembcred in Georgia ; i for thb benefit that may accrue from it, both to - i visitors and visiters. But owing to some flaw in • ' the catalogue of invitees, the representatives of 1 ' some of our presses were chcelrd, whilst others ’. ; were forgotten. Among the latter class was the ! representative of the Augusta press. If all of the : class cited had been “ fed with the same spoon/’ I i . would not have deemed tho transaction of sufficient • i moment for the slightest notice. lam charitable 1 ■ enough to presume that they, to whom the citizens ’ I of Savannah delegated the authority to carry out :• ’ their wishes and intentions, in the multitude of their duties, inadvertently and unintentionally comniit ’ i ted the error charged against them. t ' The first thing in order this morning was the call . of the couutics. In answer to that call the follow ing hips and. other documents were introduced: r By :tf ■. '4 wr- tho e.’eetivn Os t all the Judges of the Superior Courts of this State , by tho«peoplc. By Mr. Bartow—To protect the citizen? of this •State from danger, by the running at targe’ tic or insane slaves. By Mr. Seward—To authorise the Statc us pcor ' j gia to lend money to aid in tho construction of the ' Georgia & Florida Railroad', &c. j Also.-to preseribo the manner in which actions of • I ejectment and writs of forcible entry and detainer i ! shall be laid out. • j By Mr. Bird, from a Special Committee—To com . ' ponsatc certain physicians for services rendered stth , 1 dry persons wounded by accidents on the State i Road. By Mr. Wynn, of Gwinnett—To appropriate mo i ney to pay a firm in Tennessee fi>r damages sustain ; ed from the same Road. Those two bills, it is sup pose!, will lie over until the Road is re-organised ar.d placed uiidcr’a different and a better manage ment —when all such matters will be referred to the proper officers of the Road for their investigation and adjudication. By Mr. Stephens—A resolution that the Legisla ture will adjourn from the 23d inst. to the Ist Mon day in November next. This resolution has to lie on the table, under the rule of the House, at least , one day. i By Mr. Tift—To provide for the protection and defence us the »»«Lis of the citizen.? of Georgia against unju?tifiYff»Tt attacks, encroachments, aud usurpations by other States, whether acting under , their individual sovereign capacity, within the limit ' : of powers not delegated by the Constitution, or , through their Representatives in the Senate of the ; ' United States. ’ This bill provides, that if Congress shall abolish . j slavery in the District of Columbia, or any other j ' place under its jurisdiction—or suppress the slave ■ i trade between the slaveholding States—or refuse to i admit any new State on account of the existence of i slavery therein—or prohibit the Introduction of ; .-laves into the territories of or New Mexico— or repeal, or modify the Fugitive-Slave ( i Law—every State _whose Semftorsshall have voted 1 fur any sucli wct or acts, on its or their final j a? age, ■ ' Ifall be deemed as having violated its faith plighted ; t'» Georgia in tho Constitution of the United States. : That if any Statedly her constituted authorities, obstruct the laws of Congress now in force for the ; recovery us fugitive slaves, or shall, after the Ist of ! January, 1853, or thereafter, have any law in fcrce, i intended io obstruct the ery of fugitive «lavcs, j 1 our Senators and Representatives in Congress, and i every other public officer of this State, shall inform the Governor of the fact, vsho, upofi investigation. ! and finding the same to be true, shall issue his pro- j clanmtion, warning ail persons of the provi. ion? ; aud penalties of thin SRjt. That if any citizcn.sba.il J buy, solfijpr con.-ftme articles produced ormanUfiu- , -i- pr import'/tLxl* ■— -gW; such State, or brought from it, he shaHpav a tax us 100 percent, on the original cost of such ar- i tides. That all persons holding office in this State, j shall take a pruserilxal oath to carry out the provi i sjons <»f this act. That Tax Receivers shall admin ] Moran oath t« all taxabb? pu:.«.ns Leming .•p.-cial- ■ ly upon the contraband articles stated above. That I ; ibis act shall remain in full force against cvcrj- of- j fending Btatu, until the faithless acts complained of i shall have l*c*en repealed by Congress, or until such State or States shall pay the full value of ncgn.es ; wliOiu recovery has been obstructed, or until such State or Stsiuc riinil have repealed her faithless statutes. That all officers n fu»ing to take the oath prescribed, shall be fined SSOO, and persons refusing to lake tLeoath to be administered by the Tax Re- : ceivcr, are subject to u fine of SIO,OOO, which fine ’ may be discharged by taking the uatb, Ac. Nc. By Mr. Tift—A petition from Messrs. Bayn< - and Williams, tl:u lately ejected members from .las- ’ per county, including the affidavits of eighty-three ! citizens who voted at Slaughter's product within the legal Iwurs. Mr Tift re*(nested it to be entered , on the .toujfia! us il; House. Some meml era ob jected, hut at length it v. ordered !•• luypn tl e table for the present. The bill for jhe formation of a new county i’;um Paul ling ami Flto -J w.*s next taken up and pa-, d. Yon will notice a siuguhir e.»iu«iJcßce connected with the action on this hill—-its name. “ I’ulli. and h. jHsaage by 54 tu 10. in the Sutudc, ve;y RULu business of general in- ' tervst was trunsaete*!. It ha» iu-e«nsider. -I the Lili to incorpyraXw * HwffK in Atlanta, and has a • fiKT'-finitvly, by a vote of 19 to 1<». the lit ’*• alter the UwU>tt»u*i..n ns to restore the annual ses sions. Three o’clock, P. M. i The bill io form a new county from Merriwether, Coweta and Fayette, ww advocated by Messrs. Hill and Thurmond, and oppose*! by Messr*. IL; r< »»f I’lijxk, Clark, of Stewart, Robins* n. of Macon, au*l Haq*vt. tin its ntv.l ]»assage, the yeas were ! 10, and nays 80. The bill providing for the cstaLli-hment of chn?- , tion pnxineiii at every Magistrate’s Court ground, in the State, waa lost. I suspect it will pass in a local form, as to Gwinnett county. The bill to release certain jaTsuns in Chattoog* • county from the payment of a bond for SSOO. on which they are sureties for one who has committed an assault and battery, and who has absconded, was also lost by a vote of 37 to 54. Legislative Proceedings. Milledgevujj.:, Dee. 16,1851. It affords mo pleasure to inform you that the House has reconsidered the motion, lost on yester i day- to print Mr. Tift’s bill, an abstract of which you have. The bill to establish election precints at all the Magistrates Court grounds in this State, was amend ed, so as to apply to the counties ot Cass. Clinch. Gordon. Pike. Spaulding and a few others, and passed by a vote of 69 to X 3. On motion of Mr. Bartow, the House reconsider cd the bill lost on yesterday, releasing certain sure ties in Chattooga, from the payment of a forfeited bend. The first special order for the day—the Tax bill— was taken up and postponed to Friday next. The 2nd special order us the day—the bill giving the election of Judges of the Superior Cour:s, {o the people, was taken up. and Mr. Seward offered as a substitute, the bill of the same import, introduced l y Mr. Russell, on yesterday. The House was em ployed ia amending the original and substitute, at , the hour of adjournment. The bill amendatory o f th? constitution, so as to ; restore annual sessions » f the Legislature, was re considered in tho Senate, Ly the casting vote ’ the President. Yeas IJ. uays’l9. ported a bill to add a ciaiisv to the 7th section. 7th i arti. le of the constitution, as a substitute for the • bill to a' oihh capital (Ainidiment in certain • Also, a bill to incorporate the Lawrence*, ilk Rail rood Company. Mr. C no introduced a bill tu alter the 7th - tion. Ist- article of tho constitution. If this Lui • j asses, it will fix the number of members in bi 1 lower H«'use, to a certain maximum. And, ;» \ maintain that number, some county or counties • now untitled to twv members by law. w.’l lose one j of its er their members, whenever any n-.w eoonty i or i ’Unties shall have tx-en originated, in *Tuor to , allow it <>r them a legal representation. IV- i . : . Senate*!ted the I morial of sundry cities ufv\.’ iU mb’K> county, pray- j inga reduction of millers' toll, from « t l-l’L Mr J L Birdiatrv '.ieMab,;! to I I Mr. Flournoy one to incorporate the “ Manufac turer's Bank of Columbus.” Mr. Harman introduced a resolution, which w«a amended and agreed to, that a solect Committee oi j. three he appointed, to inquire into tho expediency of removing the Penitentiary from the scat of Gov t eminent. The Committee consists of Messrs. Har j man, Calhoun andTuinlin. I Mr. Flournoy laid on the table a resolution that both branches of the Legislature will take ft recess • from the 23d inst., to the 2d Monday in January ! next : and that no new matter will ho admissable aft er such recess. If the legislature is compelled tu take a recess, the resolution is -pointed and well ’ timed. Several important bills were passed over for the • present, aud others made tho special order for future days, which will bo reported at tho proper r time Three o’clock, P. M. ! The House resumed the unfinished business ox > I the forenoon. • Mr. Hill proposed an amendment, whereby the ‘ Judges hereafter to be elected by the people, shall alternate in the several circuits. On this amend ment. an interesting debate arose, occupying the ' entire afternoon. It was supported by Messrs. Hill, Bartow. Stephens, and opposed by Messrs L Robinson of Macon, Tift, Seward, Wofford and Henry. The proposition was finally rejected by a , ; vote of 30 to 82. The substitute mentioned above, having been received in lieu of tho original, the bill was passed l by yeas 101, nays JO. As this bill is a highly important one, I will ' endeavor to obtain an inspection into it to-morrow, in order to furnish you with a synopsis of it. f issaot, thatweTl mean EnWrs’ are" > i very nftwh'lndebWsd to the politeness and accommo i dating spirit of the t?lerk and his assistants, for the ’ ’ privilege\ve enjoy of examining important bilk ■ ■ and other legislative dopfiments, after the adjourn j ment ofthe House, art'hour when we are very much ’ Straitened for time to accomplish our whole purpose. Iltoforc, we were supplied with desks near the ■ Clerk's table, v.hence we could, without intorrup ‘ ■ tion, ybtain the use of a paper as soon as disposed ' of. by the House. ATu?/*, we aro assigned places in ' remote parts of tho,Hall, wheflee it is difficult fur • us to h- '/■ what is read by the Clerk, and we would i be considered obtrusive were we to approach the j Chair as often as our duties to your readers require, j Should we he charged with imperfections or omis sions in our report?, we shall file the above plea. ' Seven O’Clock, P. M. Mr. Floyd called up a resolution, offered by him self some time since, requiring the Governor to cause to be distributed, with the laws and journals of the present session, a sufficient number of Cobb’s ! new Digest of the Laws us Georgia, to supply’every i the Inferior Court, Clerk of the Siqicrior, Inferior and Ordinary Courts, Sheriff, Coroner and Magistrate, in the State, w ith a copy. If the num ber already subscribed for, be not sufficient, the Governor is authorised to purchase additional co pies, reserving 501) for future distribution. Messrs. Meriwether and Seward opposed (according to my impression) so much of the resolution as contem plates the purchase of additional copies of the work Messrs. Floyd, Bartow, Harris, of Clarke, Thur | mond, and Hill, advocated it in its totality. It was agreed to in its original form. The hill to provide means tu repair and equip the State Road, and discharge its existing liabilities, is i the special order for to-morrow. A resolution, requesting the Governor to pardon I two females,-(the redoubtable Jane Young, of Tu I galo, and Manning) now in confinement in : he Penitentiary, was taken up, and gave rise to an ! animated and protracted debate, the whole of which : was wholly unneuessary, not to say, an idle waste i oi' the time of the country, if the main body of our j Legislators badrchosen to Le controlled by argu ; ment, or had even bestowed a moment’s reflection j on the futility of the object sought to be aucomplwh- I ed. It was, 1 humbly conceive, conclusively shown by Messrs. Harris, of Chirk. Floyd, Barbour, and i I Chirk, of Stewart, that the Legislature had no right : t tO-instruet the Governor of his constitutional du ties—that the Legislative was interfering witii the j Executive department of the Government—that it would not be more improper fur the Legislature to : j jvqne< the Judge us a Superior Court not to prp ; nounce the Sentence of the law upon a convict, &c, ■ Messis Seward aiid 11 an<er weYo impelled mainly, i I by the exuberance of their sympathies for oppressed, , i frail and nsfortunate females, to favor the mlopflbn j |of the resolution. Mr. Harp r was so ovcrpoWed hy 1 hispeculiar feelings, that he uttered one or two re- ; 1 marks. Which I trust he has since roc al 1 ed. During j w “-'Lrxriivi’.ixf tlr rrtcfo atC.'Xw>tjrjnrcL.lylfe minded of ' I a certain wortKjr.and gallant old Rfflflh wta» Im! ijuite an eventful life in redressing the wrongs of fe- I • males. I The resolution was lost, Ly Yeas 3f», Nays 13. Fire.—Our citizens wera aroused from tlieij ;:lr.Tiibers at an rarly hour yesterday moriTrng. • the alarm of lire, which was found to )vj-»ceed j from the throe fctciy brick building situated at ! the South I'ast corner of Wentworth aud Meet- I ing-sts., belongii;” - to the estate of Mr. W. .1. ' I Gayer, which was occupied by that gentleman | previous to his death, fora series of years, as a i depot tor carriage* ;..u’ other vehicles. The fire i spread with such rapidity, led as it was by the j material that cotnp sed the stock, that before ' : assistance could be rciidereik the witoic interior ! j was one va»t sheet ot flame, which soon com- ; : munieatrd to the ad: •• ent building to the F.ast : on Went worth street, occupied by Mr. Slonian. ■ and owned Ly the same estate. Our firemen . tindiugit impossible I*) save the corner building. | ’ left it anil its contents to their fate. an<l directed i I their energies to the residence of Mr. Sloman, ‘ t and fora while a contest was waged forth*? mas- j t»TV. between these noble fellows and the de- ; vouring ekmient which resulted in the success j of the former, and the property was saved, but ' not till the piaz ’.as to the West weie very much burn’, and tie 1 inner walls materially injured by i ■ the -ci ;.? ' of water thrown into the building. : I ■ ■ Itl e Stock in trade, were insured in the ofiieeol the (.-hariestuu In- j suranee and Trust Company, oiotirdty— ifiOOO I on the l.unicr, and»'< the latter, which by no means tim loss sustained by this con- I flagration. There wa< a’»o 530uu in u.e same 01.- tice on Mr. S email's residence which will more j than repay the injury he sustained. Mr. S., we k-ai n. w ds iqlly covered L>y Insurance. 1 he lamily ol the idie M». (»aytq, on this ! occasion sustained a very heavy pecuniary loss, i aud coming at a time when it has but recently I met with severe domestic afflictions, has excited - the synHHfihi. .< < i our community in their be half. We have made diligent inquiries as to the origin of this fire, which has involved a loss of upwards oi >20,000 to this family, hut it is im possible to say Low it occurred. We would take the present occasion to remark, ■ that in case of tire, the Telegraph wires should ' not be interfered with, except in case of abso lute necessity. This means of communication ’ is highly important incase of calamity, and we ■ are at the present moment suffering from inter ruption us telegraphic intelligence, on account of the fire in Raleigh, where perhaps, the thought less acts of some zealous and well intentioned i individual may have destroyed what they would ‘ ■ with a little reflection, have protected at any j hazard.— Uim. b.st C. inst. FariGurscx the State Road.—lt is to be f hoped that whatever additional supply of cars ' and engines is to be made for the State Road, wiil be furnished as speedily as possible. The I deficiency iu tins respect, is at present, so great. that tire carrying business of the Road, is in sad j disorder. In fact, but a small portion of the bu ; siness thrown upon the Road can be transacted, within anything like a reasonable time. We ■ ■.i: that a i j the line of the Road, from Dal-I ton to Uhatta’..cx'ga. at the different stations, im mense quantities oi ire’ght are now accumula j ted and are continually accumulating’, without ; ‘ any immediate prospect of being shipped, the supply of freight carsand locomotives being en tirely inadequate to the work. These delays ’ not unfreqnently occasion serious losses to ship- ■ pers. But aside from this consideration, it is ready shameful to see a Railroad, with business j crowding upon it from all directions, enough 1 to yield a h-tn*’.some profit, so shabbily equipped, ?; ■ • to make fcartelya teoMmstni- tion, witii its few old rickety cars and limpins loc’motives, towards doing the work which is .mg to t»e done. But we presume there is a better time coming.— Atlanta huUgwer. W here is that immaculate patriot and distin- I gunned statesman George Wa<hixgto» Bo.xa part W tether has he gone, that he con.'-s r.ot up. in this hour ot his tribulation, tu . tae relict ui h-s ate eminent Chief Engineer? j has his ex-Excenency s supply ot whitewash been suddeu’.y exhausted ’ Has he not enough to moisten a st: crush that he may relieve turterate ed- •;> ot the late investigation, and the developments whieh a few brief weeks and i trie :u?rua> oi business nave made upon his well 1 whitened phiz. We imagine we see the distin- ■ jmshe-i c •i. invoking in most supplicating • tones for another ton di of his excellencv’s skill • in the art of white washing. But. a’as. • trine ■> soccupaxtui/s gone, and in the bitterness j of his angi;?>h. t:,e chief declaims against the ever w*. ■ put on, the developments of the rail : road committee, the unfortimate exposure of an increase a; 'reig.i‘ and moralises most signifi ! eantlyiip'*u tee ere*>-nee which should be given to the message <•: > late ’rieruL the eminent - (From flic Baltimore Sun.) DOCUMENTS m Accompanying the President's Message.—The Lo s pez Expedition. f Copies ofthe several documents accompany _ ing the President’s Message, consisting of cor respondence un several important topics, are be fore us, from which we make the following eon densed exhibit of the general factsand results pertainingjto each. * In the natter ofthe Lopez expedition, a letter r dated from die Department of State. VVashing ? ton, August M3d, 1851, was addressed by Mr. > Derrick. Aeting Secretary, to Commodore Par -1 k er » commander of the Home Squadron, vesting in himauthoiity to confer with the Captain Cuba on the subject ofthe execution pei-sons tak* u and >ho! a- invaders ul also with reference to the lirinn L ' States mail steamer Falcon. He \\-afflrstracted to inform the Captain General that“it is expected that, if citizens of the United £ States were among the persons shot, the offence with which they was charged was satisfactorily proved.” He was further to ‘‘request a copy of ’ proceedings ofthe Court which sentenced the pris- I oners? 7 This was expected to embrace the names ofthe accused, their native countries: the . position of the boats at the time when they were captured; the course they were taking, and whether the persons on board of them were armed i 'You will assure the Captain General (the in i st ructions proceed) that everything within the power of this Government has been and will [ continue to bp done towards discharging the ob . ligations of the U. States to Spain. You will also assure him that if hereafter, unhappilj 7 , citi zens ofthe United States should be so forgetful of their obligations of obedience of the laws of their own cdpntry, and of regard to the rights of Spain, ns tn’he engaged in hostile expeditions against qf,Cuba. the President earnest-.- . . .tu.-y w.*t r..f ~ ifpon the clearest proofs of gujjLancl withpAit an obvious necessity. A contrary course w the part of the SpanislTauihorities will be sure todn crease the difficulties in the performance of the duties of the U. States as a friendly neutral Pow ; er and might render the discharge of those duties impracticable. 77 On the 6th September, Com. Parker writes to the department from Havana: he has had an in terview with the Captain General, which was promptly aforded. The annexed extract con tains the principal item of interest: “He (the Captain General) regretted the ne cessity of executing the prisoners captured in the boats on the Cayes of the island, but deemed it an abt of necessary severity, in the circumstan ces, and he tilt it to be his duty to make an - ex ample of than, in order to deter others from ma king a similar Mtempt. He stated that he con sidered them as pirates and that they had so been denounced in Jhe proclamation ol the President of the they were tried in a sum ! mary proof made of their guilt,' 1 and of in the invasion ol the , island by i afflßHe did not consider himself at ' liberty to fornish me with the proceedings on i the trial, bu/ would send them to his own Gov ernment. and to the Spanish Minister at Wash ington, whe would do whatever was right in the matter, on foe call of the Government of the U. States. I’b* execution was delayed from half past seven yclock, A. M., to eleven, in order to give the priwners an opportunity of writing to their friends, during which jwriod they made the declara tion that they constituted a part of the forces of Lo- “These particulars, he stated, were given for my persona! satisfaction, inasmuch as he was not invested jvith diplomatic powers, but referred our Government to the Spanish Minister at Washington, in whom diplomatic powers were vested by her Majesty’s Government. “As to citizenship, he said that a majority of them clamed, to be citizens of the United States, but they were from various countries: and that it was of no conseipience to what nation they had belonged, as they were captured in the waters of Cuba, witii arms in their hands, endeavoring to I escape in l>oats from an expedition in which they had engaged against the island of Cuba.” In relation to the affair with the Falcon, the Captain General maintained. - “That, in the present condition of the island, a Spanish has a right to ascertain the character of merchant vessels in the waters ’of Spain; that one expedition had already landed from a steamer, aud that reinforcements were j daily expected. The Spanish cruizer had fired three unshotted guns to leeward to show the I friendly character of the vessel of war, of which no fiotice was taken by the Falcon, anil that the firing ofthe shotted gun was rendered necessary j Ly the course pursued by the Falcon. The gen eral of marifie. was on board, and it was to be presumed tlxit the shot was fired by his order. He declared that he had requested Mr. Rogers, ; ‘he cor&Ußmffer of the Falcon, to call on him, I and give him a correct .statement of this affair. ■ but that he had not done so. He expressed some : surorise that Lieut. Rogers did not come to at j once, as the loan of-war was only doing what. I by the laws of nations, .she clear!}’ had a right] j to do.” j The residue of this coirespnidence contains I I nothing that is new of any general inteiest. It] relates, mainly, to facte and circumstances which ' are already familiar to the public. Com. Parker j whs not allowed f,Q see the prisoners, captured ; - V**LL Lopez. H g co.irruty t* -Ite rati-s uirt-n- ‘ ed to l»e *d.-<*rve<l in the ca>e. One tact of some i interest is r. iitained in the subjoined extract of ; a letter of Corn. Parker's, written on the 25th : September; “On the 2”d Mr. Letcher Lad an interview with the Captain General. In the com>e of ; conversation respecting the release<4 the prison- ' ■ ers, (citizens of the United States,) the Captain ! i General alluded to the ill treatment the subjects i j of Spain had received, and the insults offered to j the Spanish flag at New Orleans. Mr. Letcher ; i remarked that it was the act of a mob, and not I ! the citizens of New Orleans generally; and that i i the- Government of the United State, nor any 1 other Government should he held 1 i lor the acte of an assemblage of that character, j Mr. Letcher also remarked that our Government ! regretted the circumstance. &c. “The Captain General asked emphatically i S whether Mr. LeMn*r was officially authorized to i make such a declaration, who replied he was • not; i»ui Lu was sure that such weiu the itMtiings • i ofthe Government ofthe IhiiieJ States, as w«*ll as of her citizens generally. \ is Mr. Letcher’s opinion that had he. or i ' anyone else, uuen nuihori/.ed tu make such a ; declaration, us « , oming officially from tic- Gov j ernment at Washing‘on, the situation, of the ■ prisoners would have been ameliorated, and per haps they luigLt v keen “I am authorized by Mr. Letcher to make ' ■ this statement to the Department of State.” , T’uo AssaulU ur* th# Spanish Consul and other Spaniards at New Qrlc«n« This correspondence is opened by Mr. Calde ron de la Barca in a letter to Dr. Derrick. Aet ii-a Secretary of State, and is continued by these geniitfuien Through all the original statements respecting the unfortunate nriair at New Orleans. This correspondence is accompanied by several ' official statements from Mr. Bradford, Acting ■ District Attorney at New Orleans, and Mr. I ■ Crossman, Muyur us lua- city, which embrace a ' relation of facts corresponding to those already i published, and exhibiting an active zeal and a ’ consistent viFort. in various quarters, foi the sup pression of the riot. A letter from Mr. Calderon de la Barca, dated 1 at Washington, October 14th. after that gentle man bad corresnonued with his government.and j i addressed to Mr. Crittenden, contains the official ‘ statement of the grievances of Spain, and the proposition of redress. The subjoined paragraph . embraces the gist us the letter “Apprised of all the facts, her Majesty's Gov ern cent has ordered the undersigned to persist rn asking, as he again asks, in the name of said government, for full satisfaction for the aggra vated insults committed upon the Spanish flag and upon her Majesty's Consul in New O* leans: ! and also that the Spaniards residing in that city I shatt be indemnified ibr the losses they have sus- ; tailed at the hands of an infuriate! and Kcenti- ; , ous mob.” The response to this letter is from Mr. Web ster. He affects no justification of the acts com- ' plained of. but holds them to be disgraceful: he * submits, however, that no agent or officer of the United States government, or of the State of ; I Louisiana participated in them. He recognizes • the duty of the government to punish the offend- 1 ing parties upon arrest and conviction. In the matter of indemnification. Mr. W. remarks.jthat “while this government has manifested a will ingness and determination to penorm every duty which one friendly nation has a right to expect , from another in cases of this kind, it supposes . that the rights of the Spanish Consul, a public ] officer residing here under the protection ol the j ; United States Government, are quite different j tram those of the Spanish subjects who have ’ come into the country to mingle with our ow n j citizens, and here to pursue their private buri- I ness and objects. The former may claim special i indemnity; the latter are entitled to such pro- ] te*tion as is afforded to our own citizens. The letter concludes as follows, and we are gild to find that the proposal to salute the flag • oi the ship originates with our Government. The Spanish Mirtistersays nothing about it. ■ “If. says Mr. Webster, “Mr. Laborde shall ; return to his post, or any other Consul for New • Orleans sha'l Im? .appointed by her Catholic Ma j jesty’s Government, the officers or this Lu.eru- ■ resident m that city, will be instructed to receive him and treat him with courtesy,and with a national salute to the flag of his ship. U he shall arrive in a Spanish vessel, as a demonstration oi ' respect, such as may signify to him. and to bis Governiiie»«t, luv ecuse entertained by the Gov ernment oi the United States of the gross injus- : tice done to his predecessor by a law moL, as well as the indignity and insult offered Ly it to a foreign State w ith which the United State.- are, and wish e er to remain, on terms ofthe most respects .1 and pacific intercourse To this Mr. Calderon de la Barca replies “The undersigned will lose no time in bring ; ing this document to the knowledge of his Gov ernment and he entertains the confident hope that Mr. ebstei * note, both as regards it® sub stance and as regards the friend’.y spirit in which VOL. LXV.—NEW SERIES VOL. XV.—NO. 52 ‘itjs conceived, will prove satisfactory to the Quefcn’s Government, and will not fail to have the effect oi re-establishing those friendly rela tions which have so long and so happily subsis ted between her Majesty's Government and the Government of the United States that accustom ed footing of cordiality which it has ever been the earnest desire, as well as the duty, of the un dersigned to ’f-ee maintained between the two nations* 7 Relative to the Americans who were taken pris oners and sent to Spain. On this subject a pleasing interest is manifest !ed by the U. S. authorities. The correspondence oiiginates with a letter from Mr. Derrick to Mr. , Calderon de la Barca, and sets forth the fact that I "during the several hostile attempts which have j been made upon the island of Cuba, the Govern ' mefit ofthe United States has never hesitated to i pursue the course which was pointed out to it by . the stern dictates of duty, whether inputting forth all its executive energies to prevent any existing laws, or to punish those of its officers who had failed to execute, or exhibit ed any criminal backwardness in the execution of such laws. In view of these considerations 7 ’ ’ and other circumstances, the interposition of Mr. ! Calderon de la Barca is sought in behalf of the 1 prisoners captured upon the island of Cuba. The government of the U. States claims no right to intervene* officially in this matter, but indulges simply in Jhe expression of its wishes on the score of humanity. Mr. Barringer, our representative at Madrid, is addressed on this subject by Mr. Crittenden: and : Mr. Owen, consul at Havana, is addressed by the ’ same gentleman, in behalf of the friends of those I who were executed and who desire to obtain i their remains for interment. The following j touching extracts will indicate the view in which | the erring victims are, no doubt, justly regarded J by .Mr. Crittenden: ■ ::.■■■' * : --TT-ht:!.-» 1 -j- -v-rr- ■ >.c*- rienced youths, who have evidently-been enticed and begiiikied by false lures and misrepresenta tions: but it is not doubted that they were animat ed at the same time by impulses which, under proper circumstances, would have honor, and secured for them the approbation of the world. ‘ They were unquestionably the dupes of Lo pez, a Spanish subject, and of other individuals, whose motives this is not the time, nor indeed have I the disposition, to criticise. The lives of these victims have atoned for all the follies they committed,, and the royal authority of Spain, against whom all their acts were aimed, has ex ercised a terrible Retribution upon the invaders. ‘•The most of the victims we know were very young, and I venture to declare my own convic tion that they had not the remotest idea of the crime they were committing, but were influenc ed rather by a misguided enthusiasm for liberty than by any criminal motive. Had they indeed comprehended the cruel deceptions really practis ed upon them, and which many of them discov ered only when it was too late, they never would have embarked in the ill-fated, the criminal en terprise, the catastrophe of which has rendered necessary this appeal from their surviving fami lies. 77 Mr. Webster addresses Mr. Barringer at Ma drid, with instructors in behalf of the prisoners, and from this excellent letter we make some ex tracts. After speaking of the correspondence which has taken place here, and of the active ef forts of this government for the suppression of the expedition, he*adds. ‘•Her Catholic Majesty's Government is quite well aware that the principal instigator of this j criminal invasion of Cuba, and leader of the ex- | pedition, was one of her Majesty’s subjects, W’ho ; came to this country and abused its hospitality by inducing American citizens,mostly|youngana ill informed persons, to embark in his cause and fol low his standard. There is good reason to be lieve that but for his agency, and that of other Spaniards who had come to the country, no ex pedition against CuSa would ever have been set on foot. The policy of the United States is the policy of peace, until there shall arise just ot war. The colonies of Spain are near to our I own shores. Our commerce with them is large ! and important, and the records ol the diplomatic intercourse between the two countries will manifest to her Catholic Majesty’s Government how sincerely and how steadily the, United States has manifested the hope that no political charges might lead to,a transfer of these colonies from her Majesty’s Crown. ‘if there is one a.non# the existing govern ments ofthe civilized world which for a long course of'years has diligently sought to maintain amicable relations with Spain, it is the govern ment of the United States. Not only does the correspondence between the two governments show this, but the same truth is established by the history ofthe legislation of the country and the general course ofthe Executive government. , In this recent invasion Lopez and his fellow sub jects in the United States succeeded in deluding a few hundred me nby a long continued and systematic misrepresentation of the political con dition ofthe island, and of the wishes of its in habitants. And it is not for the purpose of re viving unpleasant recollections that her Majes ty's government is reminded that it is not many years since the commerce of the United States suffered severely irom armed boats and vessels] which found refuge and shelter in the portts of I . the Spanish islands. vwtativns of the law, of ! i gross violence towards >. be citizensoi this Repub- ' i lie were finally suppressed, not by a y effort of ' ' the Spanish authorities, but by tlie activity and | i vigilance of our navy. This, however, was not ‘ accomplished but by the efforts of several years. ■ nor until many valuable lives, as well as a vast ■ i amount ol projjerly, had been lost Among • ■ others, Lieut. Alien, a very valuable and distin- : j guished officer in tho naval service of the United states, was killed in an aHion with these ban- ; ‘ ditti. j "All this is not said for the purpose of making ! I or renewing complaints, eitfierof the violation ot I | treaty obligations or of unjustifiable remissness ' I against the government oi Spain or the authuri- • lies ol the islands. But it may be brought to the ! notice of the Spanish government as one of the consequences which may sometimes flow from ' . the conduct of men disposed to carry on criminal enterprises, and favored, in the execution of such ' i entei prise, by the contiguity of the possessions of i . the two governments.” Mr. W vbster. proceeding to urge some reasons ‘ lor clemency in behah of the prisoners sent to i Spain, remarks that L.ey have no legal claim up ..illite protection oi this government, butthat' as ignorant and deluded men, as most of them ■ t are, it cannot be denied they are. as such, objects 1 loi compassion. Referring tothe subject in the ; lijdit of punishment an example to deter oth , ers, Mr. W. says: , “ That example has been set by the infliction I of a punishment as prompt as it was awful, by ! Ihe execution oi Hit;. | r‘io*;s. The knowledge ! ut il»ci» itiLiuaUte Ute i*i*s Loen earned to every • man in this couutiy and smead all over the ' world. ‘"ls not this enough ! Can example be made more terrific ? Certainly art acted damencyon the juat oi Iqe r.patKsii Covcimnent could not I now bethought a symptom of weakne-.. May , not the sword of justice be now sheathed with- ‘ out danger, and the voice of Christian humamty be allowed to be beard ! , O -» * ' The I'iueuiuui u.iuKs that it is wise to suffer ' ; oblivion to cover the past. He is anxious for ; i the removal of every cause which might tend to • keep alive ill will between citizens and i jects oi the two countries* song as these pris- ’ oners shall continue to be suffering a severe and i j lingering punishment in a foreign land, so lon? r will efforts bq constantly made bv theii friends : to procure their rehxue bjr appeals to the good • offices of their Government. The of ; ’ these applications can only be to keepalive a very considerable irritation, it ts in considera- ; t>on c! thia, and from a strong wish for the ex- I tinguisbment of all feelings of that hind, that, in * the judgment of the Prt .-ideni. nothing would be more useful than the granting of her Majesty’s pardon to the residue of these pfisoners, and suf fering thenWto return to theii own homes. " 1 hossflKfr were jtardoned by the Captain- General oHmba appear to have been arouug the most proottent and well-iafurnned members of the The friendless ar6 left to their fate, altiMPgii less culpable, us being less inform ed of their duties an*i obligations. It. seems in vidious and unjust to make distinctions of this • kin<l. You say that the existing belief in Spain j is, that the result ofthe expedition has strength- I ened the hands of the Spanish' Government and given new security to its possession oi the isl and. A similar sentiment prevails, toneme ex tent, here. u ln answer to your inquiry us to whether, in any event, and to what extent, assistance' in j clothing, or other necessaries, might bo furnished to such as might need and apply for the same on account of the United States. I have to remark that it is expected that none ofthe needy among ' the prisoners will allowed to suffer for the want of the necessaries of life. You will ac cordigly take care that their wants are provided for - ... I An application will be made to Congress tor an appropriation towards defraying any expenses which rnay thereby' be occasioned. Intervention of Great Britain and France. The correspondence this subject, consist? of i a letter from Mr. Ciampton. of the British Lega tion at Washington, 'luted November 12th. IS3I. referring to certain information he h. 2 ' previously , communicated to th** Secretary oi Mate to the , • ffectjthat her .cups of war on the We%t station had received order- to pre* vent by force any adventurers ot any nat on trorn landing with hostile intent upon the Island oi Cuba. Mr. Crampton’s letter incloses a copy of his in structions irom I/ord Paimerston. A communi cation similar io character bad been made bv M. de Sartiges. ot the French legation, to which Mr. Crittenden made the subjoined reply: Stct iiary “f State t‘ M. de DrrAniMExi of State, i Washington, 22d October, ISSI. j i Le undersigned, acting Secretary o* State of the I nited States, nas the honor to remind NI. dr Sartigrs. ki.voy Extraoi mary . . Minister Plenipotentiary of :he French Republic, that, in the interview which he had with him on the Sth • inst., he stated that he might have occasion to address him in writing upon the subject of the ■ information which M. de Sartiges then com municated, that the French Government had 1 issued orders to its ships of war in the West In dies to give assistance to Spain, and to prevent by i force any adventurers of any nation from landing with hostile intent oh the Island of Cuba. • Having imparted that information to the Presi dent, the undersigned has now the honor, by his direction, to address M. Ce Sartiges in regard to it. M. de Sartiges is apprized that a few days pri or to the interview adverted to, the Charge d’Af fairs of her Britannic Majesty had given to this Department official notice that bis Government had issued similar orders to its naval forces. The President had regarded this as a matter of grave importance, but its gravity is greatly increased , by the concurrence and co-operation of Fiance in the same measure. It cannot be doubted that these orders have been occasioned by the recent unlawful expedi- • tionsof less than five hundred men, which, hav ing evaded the vigilance of this Government and escaped from New Orleans, were landed by ; the steamer Pampero upon the Island of Cuba. : and were soon captured, and many of them ex ecuted. That such an accident should have in cited the combined action of two great European Powers, for an object to which neither of them is a direct party”, and in a manner that may serious ly affect the people of the U. States, cannot fail to awaken the earnest consideration ofthe Presi dent. He cannot perceive the necessity or propriety of such orders; while he entertains the strongest apprehensions that their execution by French and British cruisers will be attended with in jurious and dangerous consequences to the com merce and. peace of the U. States. They cannot be carried into effect without a visitation, exami nation, and consequent detention of our vessels, - - nw.u.&hnres, and.in erewt change 15..0f our coasting trade; and this must ’’invest oruiSnYmti French cruisers with the jurisdiction of detet miniug, in the first instance, at least, what are the expeditions dajlounced in their orders, and who are the guilty persons engaged in them. It is plain, however different may have been the intention of the respective governments, that the exercise of such a power and jurisdiction could hardly fail to lead to abuses and collisions perilous to the peace that now so happily pre vails. By such an interference, those Govern ments seem to assume an attitude unfriendly to the United States. The President will not, how ever, allow’ himself to believe that this interven tion pas been in tended, as an admonition or re proach to this government. He has signally manifested his condemnation of all such lawless enterprises, and has adopted active measures for their prevention and suppression. It must also be know’n to the governments of France and England, in common with all the world, that this government, since it took its place amongst nations, has caretully preserved its good faith, and anxiously endeovored to fulfil all its obliga tions, conventional and national. And this it has done from motives far above any apprhen sion of danger to itself. From its beginning, under the present constitution, it has sedulously cultivated the policy of peace, of no| intermed dling in the affairs of others, and of preventing by highly penal enactments, any unlawful inter ference by its citizens to disturb the tranquility of countries with which the United States were in amity. To this end, many such enactments have been made—the first as early as the year 1791, and I the last as late as 183 S. The last having ex ! pired by its own limitation, and all the preced ! ing legislation on the subject having been com prehended in the act of Congress of the 20th April, 1818, it is unnecessary to do more than to refer M. de Sartiges to its provisions, as marking the signal anxiety and good faith of this Govern ment to restrain persons within its jurisdiction from committing any acts inconsistent with the rights of others, or its own obligations. These law’s Wjere intended to comprehend, and to pro tect from violation, all our relations with, and ' duties to. countries at peace with us, and to pun ish any violations of them by our citizens as rrimcs against the United States. In this mani festation of its desire to preserve ju-t and peace ful relations with all nations, it is believed that the United States have gone before and further than any oi the older Governments of Europe. Without recapitulating all the provisions of those laws by w hich the United States have so care fully endeavored to prohibit every act that could be justly offensive to their neighbors, it is deemed enough for this occasion to say that they de nounce all such enterprises or expeditions as those against wliich the orders in question arc directed. The undersigned thinks it is of importance enough to call the attention of M. de Sartiges more directly to this hw. A literal copy of it is accordingly herewith communicated. Besides the ordinary legal process, it authorizes the President to employ the military and naval forces of the country for the purpose of prevent ing such expeditions, and arresting for punish ment, those concerned in them. In the spirit of this law the President condemns such expedi tions against the Island of Cuba, as are denounced i by the orders in question, and has omitted noth ' ing for their detention and prevention. To that : end, he has given orders to civil, naval and mili tary officers, from New York to New’ Orleans, ! Las enjoined upon them the greatest vigi i lance and energy. Hl. course on tL« LuUjnct bar been in all things clear, and direct. It has been | no secret, and the undersigned must presume that ! it has lieen fully understood and known to M. de > Sartiges. An appeal might confidently be made > tothe vigilant and enlightened minister of Spain that his suggestions for the prevention of such I aggressions, or the prosecution of offenders en gaged in them, have been promptly considered, i and, if found reasonable, adopted by the Presi ’ dent. His course, it is believed, has been above ; all question or just complaint. This government is determined to execute its laws, and in the per j formance qf this duty can neither ask nor re ceive foreign aid. If, notwithstanding all ils eft’orts, expeditions of small force hostile to Cuba have, in a single vessel or steamer, excited by Cubans th.-mselves, escaped from nnr extensive ■ shores—such an accident can furnish no ground ; of imputation either upon the law’ or its admin istration. Every country furnishes instances enough of infractions and evasions of its laws, which no power or vigilance can efieutually ■ guard against. It need not be feared that any expeditions of a lawless and hostile character can escajM? from i the United States of sufficient force to create any alarm lor the safety of Cuba, or against which ; Spain might not defend it with the slightest , exertion as her power. The President is pursuaded ] that none can escape detection and prevention, I except by their minuteness and insignificance, j None certainly can escape which could require I . the combined aid of France and England to re- ; sist or suppress. Cuba will find a sure, if not its j surest protection and defence in the justice and i good faith of the United States. There ia another point of view in which this j intervention on the part of France and England ; cannot be viewed with indifference by the Pre . sident. The geographical position of the Island ’ of Cuba, in Vne Gulf of Mexico, lying at no great ' distance from the mouth of the river Mississippi, and, in the line of the greatest current of the commerce of the United Stales, would be come. in the hands as any powerful European ■ natiop an w.bject of just jealousy and f’ppivhen , sion to the people of this country. A due regard to their own safety and interest must therefore make a ruatter of importance to them who shall possess and hold dominion over that island. The Government es France and those of other I European nations w ere long since officially ap j prized by this Government that the United States could not see, without concern, that island transferred by Spain to any other European State. President Fillmore fully concurs in this sentiment, and is apprehensive that the sort of protectorate introduced by the orders in question , might in contingencies not difficult to be im agined, lead to results equally objectionable. If it should appear to M. de Sartige* that the President is too apprehensive up this subject, this ! must be attributed to his great solicitude to guard the friendly relations betw’een the two countries against aii ct i??ngences and causes of distur bance. The people ol the United States have i long cherised towards France the most amica ble sentiments, and recent events, which made her a republic, have opened new sources of fra ternal sympathy. Harmony and confidence would seem to Lu the natural relations of the two great republics of theworld; relations de manded no less by thei* permanent interests i than by circumstances and combinations in conti- ; nental Europe which now seem to threaten so . imminently the cause of free institutions. The United States have nothing to fear from those convulsions, nor are they propagandists, but they . have at heart the cause of freedom in all couri ! tries, and believe that the example of the two great republics of France and America, with their moral and social influences co-ojierating harmoniously, would go far to promote and to , i strengthen that cause. It is with these views that the President so , much desires the cultivation of friendly feelings between the two countries, and regards with so much concern any cause that may tend to pro duce collision or alienation. He believes that • ; this Cuban intervention is such a cause. The system of government which prevails most generally in Europe i» adverse to the prin- 1 ' riples mon which this republic has been foun ded, and the undersigned is well aware that the (1.,r renoe between them is calculated to produce ; distrust ot, it not aversion to, the government oi the L nited states. Sensible of this, the people ofttes country are naturally jealous of European interference in American affairs. Ar.d although • they would uat impute to Frame, now herself u republic, any participation in this distrustful am! unlriendly feeling towards their government, yet theuiudeisigned must repeat that her inter vention in this instance, if attempted to be ex ecuted in the only practicable mode lor its eiiec- ; tual execution, could not lai 1 to produce some I iniiatior*, if not worse consequences. The ■, French cruisers, sailing up and dow n the shores ‘ of the United S.ates. to perform their needless : task of protecting Cuba, and their ungracious office of watching the people of this country, as U they were fruitful of piracies, would be regard- i ”» <*d with some feelings of resentment, and the dag which they bore—a flag that should always be welcome to the sight of Americans—would 1 be loiiked at as casting a shadow of unmerited - and dishonoring suspicion upon them and their , government. ; The undersigned will add, that all experience seems to prove that the rights, interests, and peace of the continents of Europe and America s will be best preserved by the forbearance of each • to interfere in the affairs ofthe other. The Gov ernment of the United States has constantly acted on that principle, and has never intermed dled in European questions. The President has deemed it proper to the oc l casion that his views should be thus fully and frankly presented for the friendly consideration • of M. de Sartiges and his government, in order I that all possible precaution may be used to avert i any misunderstanding, and every cause or con sequence that might disturb the peace, or alien ate in the least the sentiments of confidence and friendship which now bind together the republics ot the United States and France. The undesigned avails himself of this occasion to offer to M. de Sartiges the assurances of his very distinguished consideration. J. J. Critten den. Mr. Sartiges rejoins, and endeavors to “estab i fish, in a distinct manner, the two following points: first, that the instructions issued by the Gov erument of the Republic were spontaneous I and isolated; secondly, that those instructions were exclusive, for an exclusive case, and appli cable only to the class, and not to the nationali ty of any pirate or adventurer that should at tempt to land in arms on the shores of a friendly < power. He had added that the existing laws in regard to the light of search—laws about which the susceptibilities ©f the French Government r are as forcibly roused as those of the Government oi the United States—were neither nor indirect ly affected by the order to repel violence by fQfcgksi atr»ctipns which have been is- } . 1 to tue rvKnniuncriHg oBfCeU .h life FrCttei. station wore only intended to apply to a case of H piracy, the article of the maritime code in force • I concerning pirates. In again asserting these * two points categorically, as he ndv.-.joes, thi? uw- i dersigned thinks that he has canted 1 of prejudice on the part of the President, BinCs v i regards the importance of an act agreed upon i advance on the part of France and England, and the likelihood that the laws which govern the right of search will be in the feast affected. He > will add that the attitude assumed by President Fillmore and by his cabinet, under these lamen table circumstances, has l>een so upright, that the French Government, so far from intending to imply doubts, which did not exist, by the mea sures it spontaneously adopted, it had, on the contrary, reason to believe that it would find in > those same latitudes the American squadron ac- I ting in the same spirit and pursuing a similar object. This consideration must prevent any false construction tending to give to this act of the Republican Government the appearance of an admonition or of a reproach tacitly addressed to the Government of the U nited States, and nev er contemplated by the French Government. 77 M. de Sartiges, in the course of some further remarks, has the following rather significant paragraph: “His Government, which understands the complicated nature as well as the importance of the relations existing between the United States and Cuba, has seriously considered the declara tion formerly made by the Government of the United States, and which has been renewed on this occasion, ‘that the Government could not see with indifference the island of Cuba pass from the hands of Spain into those of another European State. 7 The French Government is likewise of opinion that, in case it should com port with the interests of Spain at some future day to part with Cuba, the possession of that is land, or the protectorship of the same, ought not to fall upon any of the great maratime Power ofthe World. 77 To this letter Mr. Webster briefly replies “that the apprehensions of this Government and the reasons therefor, in regard to the orders re ferred to, are considered to have been frankly and fully stated in the note of Mr. Crittenden ofthe 22d of October last. And, inasmuch as M. de Sartige£ now avers that the French Government had only in view’ the execution of the provision of its maratime code against pirates, further disr cussion of the subject would seem to be for the present unnecessary. 77 And here the correspon dence closes. Office of Ordinary. As there is a general desire to know the pro visions of the law creating the new office of Ordinary, we subjoin a copy. The officer is to be elected on the first Monday in January. Ssction 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Georgia in General Assembly met, and it is hereby en acted by the authority of the same. That so soon as this act shall have passed agreeably to th«f re quirements of the Constitution, the following shall be adopted in lieu of the section above re cited, to wit: The cowers of a Court of Ordinary or register of probates shall be vested in an Ordi nary sot each county, from whose decisions there, may be an appeal to the Superior Court uuder such restrictions and regulations as may be or may have been prescribed bylaw. The said Ordinary shall be ex-officio Clerk of said Court and may appoint a deputy clerk. The Ordinary, I as Clerk, or bis deptihr.- mayimnie citations and I grant temporary .letter, of administration to hold, j until permanent letters are granted, and said | Oruinary, as Clerk, or his deputy, may grant . marriage licences. The Ordinaries in and for ■ the respective counties, shall be elected as other : county officers are, on the first Monday in Jan ! nary, eighteen hundrerd and fifty-two,and every : fourth year thereafter, and shall be commissioned Iby the Governor for the term of four years. In ' case of a vacancy in said office of Ordinary, from any cause, the same shall be filled by election as I is provided in relation to other county officers, ! and until the same is filled, the Clerk of the Su perior Coiirfitbr the time being, shall act as Clerk of said Court of Ordinary. Approved, February 23, 1850. The following is Kossuth's reply to the flat tering and adulatory address delivered him by the colored population : Kossuth’s reply. Gixtlemi-ii: I have no intention to make a speech, and I hope and believe you do not expect it irom me. Last night I had the opportunity, on an important occasion, to explain my humble I wishes; and,'perhaps decisirely, as to the result of imy coming tothe United States. Now. I know I the sympathy of the people of the United States : for the cause which I have the honor to represent ; and 1 confidently hope that the people of the’ i United States will be well aw are of it, that after j the statement 1 made last night, the time of ad | dresses is past, and the time of action corne ■ and therefore, I myself will take this very ground - ■ and at every opportunity, when I have been’ I given only partial testimony of the sympathy— -1 ot the kind attention, and ofthe friendly feelin" for the cause which I have the honor to repre | sent, I have only to answer: “ I thank you most ■ cortiially for it: and 1 hope that every man who expresses sympathy tor the cause which I have the hn.i.,.1 to represent, will also feel inclined to , do something for it.” We find in the columns of the New York Her ald also, the following circular, addressed by Kossuth to the people of the United States: New York. Dec. 12,1851.—Having come to I the United States to avail myself, for the cause of my country, of the sympathy which I had rea son to believe existed in the heart of the nation, I found it my duty to declare, in the first mo ’ merits of my arriv al, that it is my mission to . plead the independence of Hungary and the lib- • erty ofthe European continent, before the great republic of the United States. My principle in . this respect is, that every nation has the sover ! <«gn right to dispose 'Cits own domestic affairs, • i without any foreign interference; that, I, thpre i fore, shall nut meddle with any domestic con cerns of the United States, and that I expect it i from all the friends of my cause not to do any thing in respect to myself, that could throw dif ficulties in my way, and, while expressing sym . pathy lor the cause, would injure it. It is with regret that I must feel the necessity of again making that appeal to the public opin ion of this country, and particularly to those who . profess themselves to be the friends of my cause, to give one proof ot their sympathy by avoiding . every step which might entangle me into ijiffi. cullies in respect to that rule which I hav.. adop ted, and which I again declare to lie r;,y leading principle, viz: not to mix. and not to be mixed up with whatever cosicers domestic or party ques i L. Kossuth. S.sow Storm. —The people of the “Sunny South are seldom favored with such a treat as was enjoyed yesterday. Early in the morning, , the thermometer at the time indicating a degree of cold which has not been experienced in this i latitude within the last fifteen years, the cloudy canopy of heaven commenced dispensing upon us a fleecy shower ot snow, which continued throughou, the day, and up to the period of our . writing. Had the weather previously been such as to nave frozen the earth, it would, beyond , doubt, have retained a coating upon which sleighs would have been enabled to have glided through our streets with facility; and thus an opportunity ; would have been aflbrded to the lovers of that sport to have experienced a treat seldom enjoyed :in this vicinity. As it was. however, somespir . ited individuals got up a which resem bled sleighriding." and was creditabe to their ; enterprize, and gave good evidence that iftbear , ticle of snow were furnished in sufficient quan tities, they were perfectly ready and willing to . make it available for facilitating locomotion. Snow balling. likewise, —an amusement which, . in our climate, is seldom enjoyed,.—wasprevalen throughout the day, and, in its exercise, many | ludicrous occurrences were witnessed which called th? risible faculties forcibly into operation. ; —Ciuirleslon Crrurifr. ISt/t inst. Mr. Edward M illis, who has been generally announced as the man-of-business of Lola Mon tes. we now see it stated, is not in any w isg i associated with her.