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BY WILLIAM S. JONES. WcfliliJ Chronicle and Sentinel. TH-j WEEKLY CHRONICLE & SENTINEL Is Hskllihid •▼cry Wcdttes tsjr, at two dollars per annum IN ADVANCE. TO J'l.Uß' <t INDIVIDUALS sending as Tea D•! sr*, SIX eapiei of »li* Paper will e seal far <ms ye ir tbas/araisbiug the Paper at the rate of 3'XCOPIKS FuRTEN DOLLARS, nr a free copy to all who may p ocure u. /tee taSscribera. aa.l forward n* the money. THE CHRONICLB AND B NTTNEL DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY. Are al~»i p ib.i-hed et this ' fire, and mailed to «*»*>«critswrs at the followinjt rate*, namely, |)*ilt PaFr.lt, if aeot r»y m .*■!•• • •%! per annum. Tki WftLKL? I*AP*K 4 “ TBIMS OP ADVERTISING. la iVeiklt —Serenly fire cent, per square (12 liies or 1* a) for the first insertion, and fifty cant for ea?h subseq'ieat insertion. TO PHOFhSSIOnAh A BUBINKSB MEN. professional and iTumnFs cards, r.r.t •t’ted ra ail l ues, will be ioserletl under lb •had at the rat* o' $lO per unr.uta. Curd* Mcce iog in inti wii! b - charged pro rota p*r lie*. Yttornies and Solicitors. s'| OIIN t AKL," ttmnev st i.avv, y J Wty o. s'joro, Oeor<.a, wi I p aeti e ia ihe f cat ti t o IL.rke, ferisen, Wa-hi gton. Mont jtoie-y, ratt all, Kraanusl end Kichm i d *4-w!y k ■ tCK I’.RuWN A tora.y at Law, Buena Vis* * of ts.Maij n «/unty,lda. a|il'» Ct A. LiOH IFuoT, Aturney at Law, War /# re at « Gsr.r/’a, wli pretie in the coun ties if the Nor hern tir n't, in Green of th- Oem .lie*, an t in Washing on, Jt-ffer* n anJ Co lambi* of th* M»'d e Circuit. sH-wtl Ot WUI Sl CLAsK, At ontH at law. Appring, G orgia, will giro pipe ill at ration to the coil ctioo of tcgil ilcisisdi ul er.ry de reliction. Aniinrw 11. II Dswws. Augusta, Ga. Stek- I.iio Ci.ark. Appling, Oa. au?4 Ir 1 11| I N It. o’l 0 KGK.S, Attorney at Law. •P W.t. nwh-pro. Ga. my.7 ■ O'ilUA lIH.L, Attorney at Law, Raiuon an I •P M titter. In, G nrg a All bu ines. ad lre« id to I ra al either place in tbi count es ol Vor run ami Jiipi r, an I those contiguous, wi I receive S prompt attention. t 2 i Semuci J ll»i y. Kina, r Gumming |)p\H.EV iV GUMMING, Attorneys at law I J Siu'er iille, Ge ryia, wi I practi ein all ill-e unties of Ihe Mi lilti •'ircuit. jet It'. rtILIVnUN. A torney at law, Atlanta, i. Georgia. wi I promptly attend to all bnsin si e.itruste • In his care. Gil iy BY. AIARtIN, Alto oey at Law, Augusta, • Georgia, will pnet'ce in tb r G unties cl t ' l imbia. Warren, Jeffimn aud Burke. ami will als p att< n I to the cilteelioii of I'ehts anil Claims ia Abberilla and Edgefield Dislric i, in t'o l . 11l Carolina. Ofli ron Broad-Street, ffrat door above limir ante Bank ftP-tf d t It TMA.M, Attorney a: Law, Warrmtoa \J a Georgia, apl3 ty EBwaRD 11. PtlTil.B, Attorney at Law, Warrentou, Georgia, VVi'l con inuc to pra ticu in Warren, Hancock, Wilke*, TaliaL rro, and all of thn counties of the Northern Ci cuit,. and Giil -tiiliia, JSurlti- arid Washington • { the .Middle. Refer to I’hrct wit's, iL.dson fc Shirers ; C. C. Cody dt t*i., Warrentou, jf-20 b I sOiSLil p IIEMEK, A torney al Law. EL Hq K A lerton, Georgia, will pi artice m he co n- of IC'brrt, Wilkes, Lincoln, Oglethorp , Mad- JSH-"n and Franklin my iJ-ly Hh ti. AUK I NG'Fi >N, Attorney a Law. and a Notary Fubli", Oglethorpe, Macon county, r Uo'iigia office at Ogl* thorps. dll wlr Ji'lih I'. II.DK Allornry and Counsellor at haw, N i IJ St. Charles street, It lira No. 10. upstairs. New Orleans. All claim* and col lectio is iutruated to his care wi I mert with pro.n l l sil l auhlul nttei tion. dlB ly Lint' n Steiihrns. J. L. Bird. I KPIIKNS db HI III), A Unmet » a' Law.Gratv ford-ille, G i., will practice iu all the Counties ol the Northern Circuit. jvlM.lv* was Gibson, Jr»*e AL Join**. Gt IBSO.N A JONRv Attorneys ut l.nw, War I rent n,Ga., wi I practice in all >hc cnuntics of the Northern, an I Columbia Wiishinimn and J. tier rn ol the Middle Circuit, ami the Supreme I.Ver of the State of Georgia. ap '-wly ttll.vPl.l'.V I! >1 Orill.lt. Attorney t Law, ) pra-tier* in the Northern Cir'nit. Al h ist sfii sill receive prompt an I elli len! attention. Office, ut Liiieolton. Gn, je?B'f (j'AMUKL ELBERT KEKH. Altur ey nt L**, lO Ati’ H*. Ga , Will prac ice Li the several com ties of the Middle Ciriuit. Office Parlor of the Man.ion Ilo"sc, o;4 JOHN K. JACsSO.N, A)torney a law. A't in**, tleorgi . Olli c in Fr nt Rtoiu if Ihe Ma psi™ lions , will p avtico in Itii bm'Vpd, and th • neieh >oring Counties of the nriid.ile Circui . Utf'tn’ts —Mes rs Mixer dr. Pi uiO'i, Boston ; Me *r . llolHtrd A. Ilrokaw. ,*i. C Doric, Blake A Brown, Jo' n K Kora, (!. O. Daisied. New Yor* ; Mc-*rs. W. M. Mar in, L. fit. <S B. W. Force »V Go , CharlruUvn j Messrs. A. J & T. W. At liter. Adams Si Fargo, \V, E. Jackson St Go , Augu-ia . . 0-5 1 I ASPER N. DOIIsKV, Attmney at Law Lati t) lonega, Georgia, will attend to nil ProleMional husinas. i ntruste l to him in the t herokee Circuit, uml iu liab' ishpiin county, if tlio Western Cir cuit. Kr/troito—Mesa'S lluys BowJie, l>r. Wo. II .T.ppp". iigtista ; Hon. G. Dmighertv. Aihcns ; Janies l. iw,G ii esv lie ; Biui.h sV Walker, and J W tlirs.lv Dah'onega. feM JOHN 11. SI'AiVF 'RI), Alt mey a Ltw, Ciatksvi Is, Ga., will practice in the c un'ios ol Claikc F.a .kl it, llubeish. in. Lmifkin, For ry'h, Gilmer, Union. Murray ai d Gwimitl, a- d in tiia F-d ral t ire .It Court f r Georgia. I7v ,Xj G A A. ti. FOETER. Attorreyaai Law, ,i'i The nnderaiv ed ere still cuga.ed iu the yarirtice ol Law. Offic; at Midi on, Morgen c.nun i| Ui. Ail bti-inesn edtruse' to them, nit meet svitli pro i pt *hd efficient ttteiitiou. N. G. FoSTKR. nfi-dly A. G. FosThK. INAV'DS JoIISTON. Attorney at Law, Au- J ) gosta, Geora,i i. Uliice on Jackson nest Breed-street. Wi Ipr uiptiy attend to any busi ness ent listed to hit car . References s— Messrs. T. N P ul'ain A Sen, Miller dr Warren. Adams A Fargo, Col. T. Cl-ir* ton. An.lists, Ua ; Dr. Wm. Johnst a, Lancelot Jot niton. Ks<jr . M nisi in. Gs. JAMES ti. COLLIER, Attorn-y at Law, An gu ti. G orgia, office rrmovud to t!*e rear ol M I er d: Wsrri.’o Dry Goads S oie.over B. H War in & Co’s. 010 foiumissiou Merchants. < * RKE.N WOOD & MORkTs~~ tiTmuii son V.I M-iefunta, otfi:e No. 113 'l'cboiipitnnln, .street. New Orleans. H. T. UkkcuwooD. /eifidly* Josish Mokkis. Jli I'IDI.AKE dc Go.,Commission slid For • trsrdicg Merchants, Cha taiiooga, Tenn, jattly j, L. Taylor Gardner Muith. JL TAYLOR & Co., Auction and Conimis s tion Merchants, Noa, 31 Charlres aud 41 Ctistomh use Streets, New Orleaaa. Kt/treitcts —H sto.,—.Messrs. Emerson. Corh run d& Co., end Bar taeas lisakall. Mobile— Messrs. C. W. Dorrencs & Son, an IL.we & B lohellnr. New York— Sltsara. D inhar dt Hroth. er, J. I). Sc at dt Co., and Conklin dt Sni h. New Oricaos— Hon. A. I). Grossman. Mayor, Messrs. Hoyt dt Ford, Hall & lamp. Hmis dt Moriian, M. Garcia dc Co., and Samuel Wolff. dtO-tf WH. C. MILLS. Factor dt Commssiun > Merchant, continues busine's at his old .stand. No. 176 Bav-atreet, Savannah, Georgia. Rejirtnct*. —Messrs. D'Antunac dt Esans, Au gusta. Messrs Chatles Day dr- Co., Maeoa Mes«r*. E. Padleford Si Co., Savannah. ol Green way, brothers a o, impotter* and d h le sale Dealers in Foreign and Da ■acstic Dry Docd*, 43 Broway. New York. Edward M. Greekvvat, J. Hcnrt Grrekvvav, Wm. W. F. Gnsekttat, uih 27-6md Fkascis Rarrai.l. PEN ION, Bounty Lund and Patent Agency, for Western Georgia and East*r APatns, at LaGrange, Georgia. The subseiber alto Prac ticea Law in ita vinous branches, in the ueigbor ing counties of the Coweta and Chattahoochee Citeu is. BENJAMIN H. BIGHAM, my IS-ly At orney at Law T A. Burke. C W. Deming. BURKE A- DEMMING. Book.ell. r. and Sta Itonerv, Newspaper and Periodical A rents, aud Dealers ia Faacy Article*, Piaaoe, Music. Ac. Msdisnn. Ga my23-wlv WM. E. EVENS dt Go, Commi..snn Mer chants, Accommodation Wharf, Ch*r!es'oo, S. C. Wm. F.. Fvars. Wm. M. D'Amtignac, Geo. W. Ewes. THOM ASTON IIME Cl A BBt.S. Thomaston Lime, just received by nlB H AND, WILLIAMS tk CO. TO MY LALY PATRONS. ml HAVs received atreh supply of Ladi e’ th ; ck vole GAll EKS wh ch will be sold lower than any ever offered ,tn Aagu.ta. BOOTS and SHOES. —Al»o— - VALISES, ANDSAI'GUKLLS. Children and servants’ BOOTS and SHOES in great variety, all of which willte sold low, Call an«Jeia ‘ ine for yoturaelf CT «**->• “"*-• agggp— i mm ■ ■ t ■ i ,, . i|M M | gM! i._i ll"_j mhmislj —a_, WEEKLY CHRONICLE & SHTIML. Georgia Can sere ace. ■ rATIOiII OF THE FaEACHtH.4. Aucdita District. —J. W. Glenn, P. E. Savannah,—Trinity and Andrew Chapel; L- Pi«rce,T. F. Pierce. Chatham and Bryan,—A J. Reynolds. Springfield,—D. J. M/rick Scriven, E. White, \V. B. McHan. Burke County and Fairhaven Miss’ii., A. Everett, A B. Smith, A. Gordon. Richmond, W. B. Moss, l ouieville, \V. D. Buasey, F. M. Brantly. Old Town Mission, To he supplied. Augusta, W. G. Conner. Colored Charge, R. A Conner. Columbia, F. VV. Reynolds. Lincolnton, \V. P. Arnold. Washington, C. VV. Key. Wilke J. S. Dunn. Warreuton. D. Blalock. Sparta, D. Kelsey. J. H. Clarke. Athens DisTßtcT —\V. J. Parks, P E Athena, A- F. Mann. Colored Charge, W. Traoick. Lexington, 11. Ii Parke, J 11. Har ris. Watkiusville, W. J. Cotter, J 11. Grog han. Factory / 11. CrawfonJ. Elber tnn, O. Bright. Broad fijver n- f A J- Ocavoura. CarnsviJlc, JE L. Stereiii, J- VV. YViilmrn. Greettsborro’, J. W. Yttbtougli. MadUon, F. W. Spear. Morgan, A. tirnz. King-ton Mission, To he supplied. Covington and Oxford, W. A. Florence, J. D. Norman. •Vonroe Ct.. A. Neeae. Emory Colieg, G. F. Pierce, A. Means, W. J. Basnet. GsiifffviLLK IJi strict.—J. P. Turner, P E. GainMriiie, J. 11. MaMhburu. L*avrr**nceviUe f M. Beliah. Canton, H P. Pitchfoid. Dah loneguli, S. J. Beliah, K. F. Jones. Clarksville. VI. A Clout/.. Clayton M'uta'n ,R. I. Harwell. Murphy, J. Littlejohn. Blairoviiie, \V. Lively; W. P. i lotitz. ElLjsy, W. H. Thomas. State Line \Y. Graham. Marietta District. —J. B. Payna, P. E. Marietta, L. J. Davies. Marietta Ct. C. Tnis sel, J. O. Varner. Casaville, C. A. Cro-.vle. Rome, J. Bradford Smith. Rome Ct.. J. H. Ewing, L. B. Payne, Oothcaloga, J. Strick land. Spring Place, W F. Conley, one to be ; supplied. Dade Mission, To be supplied. Lafayette A. C. Bruner. Summerti'le, S C. tiuiilian. Van Wert Mission, W. J. Wardlaw. LaGbange District. —J. C. Simmons, P E. LaGrange. J. P Duncan. Troup Ct. J. Jones. W. Watts. Greenville, C. W. Thomas. Greenville Ct. W D. Mathew*. Zcbulon and Fayetteville, J. F. Finith, J. E. Sentel!. Griffin, J. B. Jackson. McDonough, N. Smith. Jack son, J. B. Wardlaw. Atlanta, W. 11. Evans. Decatur, K. Lane, J. R. Owen. N.wnan, J. W. Talley, ine to be supplied. Carrulton Miss’ii., A Dorman, L. Q. Allen. Macon Disinter. —J. Lewis, P. E. Macon, S. Antony. Colond < hargs. It. B. Lester. Vineville, W. R. Foote. Miiledg-ville and Bethel, J. W. llinton. Eatonton Ct. M. If Hebbnrd. Putnam iMiss’n., J. Sim nous, Sr. Clinton, J. Blakely Smith. Monlicello. S. M. Smith. Foisyth, M. C. Peurifory. Ctilloden, C. R. Jewett. Fort Valley, J. VV. Kirght. Fort Valley Mihs’ii. ,C. L. Hayes. Perry. C. E. Burch. Wesleyan Female College, E. M.My rs. O. 1.. , Smith, W. It. Brinham. Madison Female College, J. H. Kcltols, J. M. Remuell. ColJjmbus District.—J. E. Evaua, P. E. | Coin tubus, W. Crumley. Factory Miss’ii., | J. L. Pierce. Colored Charge, T. 11. Jordan. Talbotton, J. . Key. Talhotton Ct. Y. F. Fig lior. Thomaaton, J. P. Dickinson. Hamilton, F. 11. Whitley,|J, S. Ford. Muscogee, D. Williamson, Buena Vista, E. W. Reynolds. Lanier, J. M. Mutshall. (Jgietho pe, J. 11. ' Caldwell. Lumpkin DirrricT.—W. - Knox, P. E. j Lumpkin, C. A. Fuiwood. Lawrens, J. F. Turner. Lanua' assa, J. VV. Solumons. ! Americas J. W. Twitley, F. R. Mcwart Clarksville, J. YV. Perry, Cuthburt, J. J. : Harris. Fort Gaines, J. I). Adams. Chat tahoochee Miss’ii , YV. R Brooks. Jkkfkksonvii.i.k District. —W. G. Parks, : P £. Snttdersville, M C. Smith. Jefietson- j villo. F I) Lowery, P. C Haines. Irwinton, : J. M. Bright. Vienna and Dooley Miss'n ,S. H. Cooper, D O. Driscoll. Telfair, J M. Dicky. ! lleidville, J. M. Austin, llinesville, F. S, L. I liurwc'l Dublin Miss’ii. To be supplied, i Mclntosh and Darien Miss’n. J YV. Farmer. G. J. Pearce, Ag’nt. Am. Bible Society- ! Dr. Boiiug, A. Wynn W. A. Simmons, and J. C. Simmons, Jr. Missionaries to California, j It. YV. Bighum, Missionary o Panama. (From the N. O. Picayune, 28//i ult.) Later from Mexico. By the arrival last evening of the brig Union, Ca; c. Ridovirh, from Vera Cruz, we have receiv ed papers from that place to the 17th. and from the city of Mexico to the 11th inst. It appears that t: e reports of the defeat of Carvajul, published iu the Brownsville Flag, and received here a day or two ago. were perfectly correct. The official report of Gen. Jauregui is i published, and shows that Carvajal’s forces were completely routed. He writes from Cerralvo un der date oi' December Ist. He relates that after the raising of the siege of Matamoros, he receiv- j ed information that Carvajal was at Torrccillas, I and was ordered to fall back to Cadareyta to pre- j vent being surprised. Then expecting to effect a junction with Ava- | los. Jauregui again advanced us far as Mier, which place lie entered on the 21sL of Oetober, without opposition. Not meeting Avalos, he retired a Eecond time to Cerralvo. He was followed up closely by Carvajal,both parties marching through the chapparral. On the 27th, the attack on Cer ralvo was commenced. Jauregui complains much ot the temper of the people; the National Guard was dissolved, and he received no assistance from the inhabitants. The attack was very brisk, but Jauregui, says did not force him from his posi tion, till .it last ha found it necessary to concen trate all his forces on one point in order to pro long the combat. On the morning of the Ist inst. the besiegers ceased the attack and took to •light. A detachment of eighty cavalry was sent out to pursue them. They took the road from Agua legua to Guerrero. Carvajal’s loss was a colonel, four officers, and more than forty privates killed, the greater number Americans, and more than : seventy wounded. Jauregui confesses to ono j officer slightly wounded, two non-commissioned : officers and fourteen privates wounded, and six ! privates killed. Several British residents have sent a commtmi cation to the Government complaining of the in equality in the payment of duties caused by the turiffenforced at Matamoros by Gen. Avalos. Joaquin de Munozy Munoz has been elected first Alcalde of Y'cra Cruz. The Legislature of Tamaulipas has passed a vote of thanks to the ‘‘Heroic defenders of Mata moros.'’ The banners of the National Guard, which participated in the defence, are to be in scribed with the words: l ‘VaJientes deft tutor e» dt la integritlaj del lerritorio Mexicano valiant de fenders of the integrity of the Mexican terri tory. A mob in Acapulco, on the 27th ult., assaulted and stoned the'American Hotel, causing some damage. The American adventurers who had stationed j themselves at Bussani, in Sonora, fled when they heard that a military force was marching against ! them. The forces of Sonora have lately been gaining some advantages over the Indians. On the 15th ult., a hundred men, with two ! pieces of artillery, left Tampico, for Matamoros. I The Senate has passed a resolution to adjourn on the 10th of this month. The Universal of the 7th inst. says that on the day before the Chamber of Deputies had received from the Senate its dissent to the law authorizing the raising of the prohibitions. An arrangement has been made with the Eng lish creditors, by which for five years they are to receive 3 per cent, annual interest and 5 of amor tization, and afterwards 4 per cent, interest and 6 amortization. The Spanish debt has been ar ranged in the same way. The amount of $1,515 has been subscribed in Mazatlan for the benefit of the defenders of Cuba. The cholqra has completely subsided at Ma zatlan. A duel has been fought in Chihuahua between the well-known D. Angel Trias and an Ameri can who had spoken slightly of the Mexicans. Trias was wounded and the American killed. Deep Hirer Mining and Transportation Company. YY r e find in some of the papers a report of the Directors of this Company, from which we learn that it owns 300 acres already discovered to be underlaid by bituminous coal of the best quali- j ty in beds from six to nine feet in thickness, and 1100 acres underlaid with anthracite coals, of Pennsylvania The cost of mining the bitu- 1 minous coal is calculated at 45 cents per ton, its delivery on board barges at 15 cents, transpor tation to Wilmington or Smithville 23 cents, making the total cost of mining and transports- ; tion to a shipping point 83 cents per ton. It can , be then transported to New York for $1 75, ■ which, added to 83 cents will make the cost of placing it in New York market $2 5S per ton, | where it usually sells for from $6 to $7 per ton. But it is believed that the best market tor such coal will be at Smithville, as a depot for the supply of steam vessels traversing the American coast bound to or from Northern or Southern \ ports, as well as the West Indies, Mexico and Chagres. z It is believed that Deep River Anthracites can be placed in N. York and Boston markets at $2 98 per ton, or 82 cents per ton less than the commonest Pennsylvania or Maryland coal, and at $1 37 less than the higher qualities, to which it is fully equal. These advantages the Deep Kiev coal derives from its location immediately on the line of an improved River Navigation: from the cheapness cf that improvement, com bined with its greater capacity, and from the fact that it is never closed by ice. We do not know the history of this Mining and Transportation Company. We presume that it is in fact an association of Eastern capi talists. But we should rejoice heartily in ita suc cess. as it would dereiope the resources of the region by testing its capabilities and demonstra ting its value. Os course, the possessions of the (Company compose only a small portion of the mineral lands of the Deep River country. [ Wilmington {N. C.) Journal. AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 7, 1852. GEORGIA LEGISLATURE. Legislative Proceedings. Muxedgeville, Dec. 29,1851. | The Senate took up the special order for the day, which wag the bill to levy and collect a tax ; for the support of the Government, for the years 1852 and 1853. On motion of Mr. Anderson, i the same was referred to the Committee on Fi nance.’ The bill to provide means for equipping the Western & Atlantic Railroad, he., was also i taken up, and, on motion of Mr. Flournoy, re ferred to the Committee on Internal Improve ments. A few local bills were disposed of, and the Senate adjourned at an early hour, having gone through with ; t< business. In the House. Mr. Dawson, of Putnam, offered a joint resolution, which was agreed to. on the i part of the House, that a Committee of five be appointed, with instructions to examine into the quantity and character of work to be done ly the Clerks of the two Houses, respectively— how many w.II be necessary to perform it, and the value of their services. The Committee appointed consists of Messrs. Dawson, of Putnam, Floyd, Tift, Bartow, and Harris, of Clark. Mr. Harris, of Clark, from the Select Com mittee, to whom had been referred the bill, sub stitute of Judiciary Committee, See., to prescribe the duties of Ordinary, reported a substitute for the whole. The original bill, the various sub stitutes and amendments, were all withdrawn and the House went into the consideration of the bill reported by the Select Committee, and consumed the entire forenoon in amending and discussing that. Three o’clock, P. M. The House resumed the unfinished business of the forenoon, and was employed the whole after noon in completing it. The usual phrase would be,perfecting; but that which encounters serious opposition to the last, can hardly be regarded as perfect. I cannot comprehend how it is, that all the tections of a bill may be adopted, and the to tide rejected. Yet such was the case with this. On its final passage, the yeas were 43, nays 46. It will, without doubt, be re-considered in the morning, and the objectionable portions ex expunged. I might inquire—Why were they not n jected when they were presented ? I can not perceive any advantage to be derived from allowing provisions to be engrafted in a bill for , the sake of voting against the bill, on account of ! those very provisions. By these means, the bill has been thrown back one day, thus diminish ing the chances of its publication between this and Monday next, when the Ordinaries are to be chosen, under the Constitution. The Senate devoted the afternoon to the con sideration of the Tax bill, and had not gone much more than half through it, when it ad- I journed to to-morrow morning. Thus far, it has amended the bill as passed in I the House, by reducing the amount of property, exempt from taxation, from SSOO to S2OO. Ag ricultural implements, the working tools of the ! ; different trades, libraries, poultry, and some other j ; similar things, have been struck out, as not lia- j ble to taxation. An effort was made to exempt Lawyers and Physicians ffom the professional tax, which was so far from succeeding, that a motion to include j “ Dentists,” prevailed without any trouble. Seven o’clock, P. M. j The following bills were passed this evening: j To extend the time for taking out grants on I head rights, to Dec. 25,1853. To incorporate the Southern Hydropathic In stitute. The bill to change the punishment of death into perpetual imprisonment in the Penitentiary, was postponed indefinitely—76 to 12. Two or three other local bills, aud one resolu tion, were acted on during the evening. Taken altogether, the whole business, from 7 to 9 i o’clock, might have been, by a judicious use of i time, transacted in one half of the time. Milleuoeville, Dec. 30,1851. The House, on motion of Mr. Morris, re-con | sidered the bill rejected on yesterday, to carry ! into effect the office of Ordinary. The rule re- I quiring re-considered matter to lie over, at least one day, was, on motion of Mr. Harper, sus pended, and the House proceeded, forthwith, to the consideration of the bill. The most objectionable point in the bill, as lost on yesterday, was an amendment making the fees of the Ordinary 25 per cent, higher than those allowed under existing laws. This provi sion was, on motion of Mr. Harris, of Clark, 1 struck out. Some other minor alterations liav- i ing been made, Mr. Trippe offered a substitute i for the 4th section, providing, that an adminis trator, executor or guardian, being elected Ordi nary, might continue to exercise his fiduciary functions, and make his returns to the Ordinary of an adjoining county. This proposition occasioned a debate, iu which ; several members participated. The advantages | of the substitute, as well as th* objections to it, t having been freely and fully discussed, it was, on a vote, refused by the House. The bill was finally passed, by a vote of 69 to 21. This bill, commanding so much interest at the present moment —the election for Ordinaries being so near at hand, and there being a slight probability of its being materially modified in the Senate from its present shape, I send you a synopsis of it, that it* principal provisions may be as extensively circulated as possible between this and Monday next. Section 1, continues in force all laws not in consistent with the office of Ordinary, as created by the amended Constitution. Sec. 2, repeals all laws which now authorise i Clerks of the Court of Ordinary tef receive estates of any kind, &e. Sec. 3, provides, ’hat Ordinaries shall, withir. ; three months after their election, require all ; Clerks of the former Courts of Ordinary, to come j | to a settlement. | Sec. 4, provides, that upon the first election for Ordinary, no one being an administrator, &c., shall be disqualified; but, on taking the oath of office, such letters abate, unless he holds the same : from some other county. It provides further that said administration, &c., shall devolve upon the Clerk of the Superior Court, provided, that ; upon citation, no one appear to assume such ad ministration, he. Sec. 5, provides, that no administrator, &c., S shall be eligible to the office of Ordinary after the first election. Sec. 6, provides, that Justices of the Inferior | Courts shall surrender all books, he., properly appertaining to the Ordinary, and annexes pen alties for refusal. Sec. 7, fixes the fees of the Magistrate and ar resting officer, in carrying out the provisions of : the preceding section. ‘ Se». 8, prescribes where the Ordinary shall keep his office, and when he shall grant letter of administration, he. Sec. 9, provides, that the regular terms of the Court shall be held on the first Monday of every i month, except January, which shall be on the second Monday. Sec. 10, provides in what manner the returns for the election of Ordinary shall be made, and ; how he shall be commissioned. Sec. 11, provides in what manner the Ordina- ] ry shall be qualified, and who shall receive his ; : bond. Sec. 12, prescribes the manner of publishing sales of real and personal property. Sec. 13. provides, that an administrator, &c., ; I may sell personal property, except negroes, with the consent of the Ordinary, on giving ten days’ j notice. Sec. 14, provides the manner for filling vacan -1 cies in the office of Ordinary. Sec. 15, fixes the amount of Ordinary's bond at $2,00#. Sec. 16, contains the oath of the Ordinary. Sec. 17, makes the Ordinaries the payees of ' administrators’ bonda, he. Sec. 18, forbids bis holding any other office of trust or profit, except that of the Clerk of the Inferior Coart. Sec. 19, provides, that no return of adminis trator. he., shall ke admitted to record till 30 days after filing the same—and the Ordinary I shall he entitled to 10 cents for every one hun dred words recorded. Sec. 120, contains fee bill, as follows: For all estates, not exceeding SI,OOO in value, the same fees as heretofore allowed by law. For all estates of value between SI,OOO to $5,000, fifty per cent, upon all former fees. , For all estates exceeding $5,000 in value, double the fees heretofore allowed. , All other fees are to be the same as are now fixed by law. Sec. 21, grants appeals to the Superior Courts. Sec. 22, permits Ordinaries to practice law in all Courts except his own. , | Sec. 23, requires the Ordinaries to report to ' the Judges of the Superior Court, all estates in . their hands, unpresented, as well as the con ii : tion of such estates—whereupon it shall be the , ! duty of the said Judges to compel their Clerks ' to procure administration on the same in cases j where said Clerks have neglected or refused to : | undertake said administration, or said Judges 1 , may appoint receivers or guardians for the same . . under such rules as they may prescribe. Sec. 24, repeals all conflicting laws. ! The following bills were passed: To protect the estates of minors from misman- ; I ageroent, by requiring bond and security from guardians appointed by the Court, as in other cases of guardianship. | i To allow relators to traverse Writs of Man i damus. The bill to protect the character of free white females against slander, was lost. The Senate spent the forenoon in amending : ■ the Tax bill, and having gone through with it, made it the special order for Friday next. , Three o’clock, P. M. j In the House, the bill to form a new county i from Baker, Lee, Dooly and Irwin, was lost. The following bills were passed: To appropriate SIO,OOO for removing obstruc- j tions in certain parts of the Altamaha, Ocmul- \ gee and Oconee rivers. Mr. Harris, of Mein- j tosh, made some remarks to the House, bearing ! on the lumber interests of the counties lying on ; those rivers, which, from their purely practical ; character, most have contributed to the passage ; of the bill. To repeal all laws heretofore passed, changing j the residences of persons, without altering coun- ! ty lines—6B to 26. If this bill pass into a law, one of its effects, I think, will be to make Mr. Kaulerson, the Representative from Wayne, a ! citizen of Ware. Mr. Shewmake offered a resolution, that the | Legislature will adjourn, sine die , on the 10th j January next. Mr. S. caliel for the yeas and I nays on his motion, to take it up, and they were, S yeas 53, nays 34. ; The Senate passed the following bills of the House: To compel the Clerks of the Superior and In ferior Courts and Ordinary to purchase seals of i office, within a limited time. | To stop the running of the statute of limita j tions, where persons abscond or remove beyond the limits of the State. | To punish persons for cruel treatment of I slaves. A resolution was agreed to excluding new matter from the Senate after the sth of January next. Mr. Flewellen introduced a bill to revive an j act incorporating the Thomaston & Barnesville Railroad Company, with power to construct a Railroad from Barnesville to Thomaston. The bill to provide for the payment of wit i nesses, in certain cases, was lost. Seven o’clock, P. M. j The following bills were passed, in the House, | this evening: ] To make penal, the trading with free persons 1 of color. ' To prescribe the mode for the laying out of private ways. j Mr. Stephens, from the Committee on Public j ' Education, introduced a bill to provide, more es- j i fectnally, for the education of the poor. Millkdgkville, Dec. 31,1851. Gentlemen : —l notice a communication in your f issue of the 30th inst. from Mr. Tift, in reply to a sentence to be found in my report of Legisla- j ! tive proceedings for the 23rd inst. In all can- ; j der, I must be allowed to say, that I do not think the passage entitled to the importance Mr. I T. has attached to it. It has had the good ef | feet, however, of affording him a text upon which he could dilate, and place himself in what he re- j I gards, bis true position before the people of Geor- j J gia. But badinage aside. I can soon satisfy Mr. T. that I had no inten tion of misrepresenting him or any other person, i | Such is not my occupation. J have been educa- j ! ted in quite a different school. I have been j taught first, to respect myself, and next, all those ‘ who are acknowledged by the high principles I of truth and honor. I am not sufficiently ac- j quainted with Mr. Tift, to knout whether he I comes up to his standard, or not. I can judge of j him from his external actions, only. And from 1 these, I have presumed that his intentions , in all ; his acts, are pure and honorable. Hence my ! willingness to give his article a respectful consid- j cratiou. i I repeat then, that in my report to which he' refers, all intention to misrepresent him, was ab sent. I sought to convey the idea, that a majori- ; ty of the House (as I inferred from votes on ma- ’ terial points in the bill then under discussion) I had determined that no more time should be spent on a measure which had been, in a Com mittee of the Whole, thoroughly discussed and re-discussed until an oppressive weariness seem ed to have settled upon the majority. I had been told, by many of the members therose l ves, that an attempt would be made to cloae all 'ur ther debate by the use of the previous question. It is a fact, that some member rose to move said call, a few seconds too late,and at the same time, remarked to a friend near by, that he would be prompt enough the next time. No one familiar with the facts of the case, will deny that a dis position prevailed with the opponents of the bill, to continue debate on it. Mr. Tift happened to : be the last one who had the good fortune to ob tain the floor, at a time when the intention of the majority was, that no oiu should have it.— I Hence the mere accident of Mr. T.’s name oc curring in the connection to which he has taken i exception. It is ray impression now, that with the non-intention indicated above, I would have employed the same language in reference to any i other person. Towards Mr. T. as a politician, | I entertain no improper prejudices. I have party predilections, it is true, but I am no partisan, : hence I consider myself incapable of personal biases founded on political considerations. If : Mr. T. choose to place this question on such an ! issue, let him but take the trouble to scan my re ; ports, and tell me if the majority of my anemad versions have not been on my political friends. As I have made no grave accusation against Mr. 1 j T. and am willing to award him sincerity and honesty of purpose in his legislative character, (the only one at issue, and the only one of which I know any thing) I trust the foregoing expla- ; tion will be satisfactory to him. I will take occasion to remark, en passant, tha j i Mr. T. in his defence has used one or two ex- j pressions which the usage of polite and cultiva ted society have, long ago, discarded. I do not wish him to understand me, however, as impart- t ing any wrong motive to him. I suspect they j were overlooked, in the hury of composition, and j his whole mind being engrossed by the leading i idea of his article. The House. The House took up the bill to pardon Kinchen P. Boon, a convict in the Penitentiary for the I crime of murder. The evidence taken on the ; trial, the dying confession of his brother, Warren executed for the same offence, and a favorable ' petition from citizens of Greene county, having been read, Messrs. Dawson of Greene and Hill argued the case, in favor of the accused, and Messrs. Harper, Tift, Clark of Stewart, and Meri wether (Mr. Floyd in the Chair) against. On the passage of the bill, the yeaa were 39 and naya 52. Senate. The proceedings in the Senate cannot be ' more graphically detailed than in the answer of a Senator to the question, what has been done lin the Senate this forenoon ? We have read np i all our bills, to the second tune, all House bid* ' the first and second time, and adjourned to 3 o’clock, this afternoon. Three o’clock, r. si. | The following bills were passed, in the House: i To fix tha ices of Sheriffs and Constables, in > certain cases. This bill allows these officers live cents per mile, going and returning, for ser- I ving attachments. ; To amend the laws, governing Sheriffs’ sales, ; &c. It permits Sheriffs to continue tbeir tales j 1 fiora day to day, on giving due notice thereof, j To regulate the mode of suing on the bonds of j Administrators, Executors and Guardians—al- ' lowing action to be brought against the securi- | ties, jointly with the principal, or separately, I when the principal absconds, Ac. To punish white men for living in adultery ' ior fornication, or both, with negro women. Mr. I Trippe opposed the passage of the bill, on the I ground that such laws are inoperative, and were j dead letters on the statute book. Mr. Thurmond advocated it, because legislative enaetmen* j were i the best means afforded, for arresting the progress j of a degrading and demoralizing practice that is manifestly increasing in many portions of the ! State. The bill passed by yeas GO, nays 26. On | ! motion of Mr. Trippe, the same was ordered to j be carried to the Senate, forthwith. ! Tbe following bills werelost: To reduce the number of Justices of the Infe rior Courts, from five to one—with the title of Judge, and salaried from the county funds. To appropriate money to improve the naviga tion of the St. Ilia and Alapaha rivers. To amend the constitution, so that one-fifth of tbe members of the legislature, present, shall be necessary to a call for the yeas and nays. The Senate has passed the bill to prohibit the sale of deadly weapons, and to prescribe the man ner of carrying them. Also, the bill to change the line of the vV. & A. Railioad, so that it shall ! pass by the town of Cassville. ] Mr. Calhoun introduced a bill to legalise and | make valid any process heretofore signed by any ! Deputy Clerk, or which may hereafter be signed | by them. The Senate adjourned to to-morrow morning. Seven o'clock, p. m. The House passed the following bills: To incorporate the town of Jefferson in Jack j son count}'. | To allow executions to be issued, in certain I cases. Plaintiffs may, if apprehensive oflosing theii debt, require execution to be issued within four days of the rendition of the judgment of the Court, provided, no stay or appeal be filed. To change the mode for taking the census of the State, trader the amended constitution. It provides that the people shall elect a census ta ker for each connty in the State, in the same manner that other county officers are elected. To amend the laws relating to Executors and Administrators, and to perfect the titles of purchasers under void wills—lost by yeas 15> nays 59. Farther by the Steamer Canada. Halifax, Dec. 26. The steamer Canada, which sailed from Liver pool at 3 o’clock in the afternoon of the 13th, ar rived here this morning. She has had a rough passage, and a continual succession of violent gales . The Canada passed the Asia on the 17th. Eherc is a violent agitation throughout all the _ itols of Europe consequent upon the critical state of affairs in France. There is unmistakable signs of an outbreak in Germany and Italy. France.—The affairs of France continue to be the subject of engrossing interest throughout Europe. No new or striking incidents had occurred in France, exceptthat several additional Depart ments have been declared in a state of seige. Most of the leading members of the Mountain party have fled the country. Several legions of the National Guard have been disarmed on account of disaffection to the President and the present order of things, j The Socialists, during their short ascendancy at Nievre, burned the registers and archives, and i destroyed much property. Compte de Chambord, (Henri V.) had sought ! an interview with Prince Schwartzenberg, at i Vienna, but was told that Napoleon must receive j the countenance of all monarchical Cabinets, j Seventy-three newspapers have been suppress i ed in Fiance under the new reign of Napoleon. The letter from'Jerome Bonaparte to his ne ' phew, the President, advising moderation and a " genuine appeal to the people, has been well re ceived. , The vote of the Army, as far as heard from is 65,006 in favor, and 3,500 against Napoleon. Four more Departments have been placed un der state of seige, though but few serious distur ‘ baoce.s had taken place. There were to a limi ted extent, and promptly suppressed. M. Thiers has been again"arrested and sent to ! the Prussian Frontier. The total number of ar ; rests up to the 12th inst. was 1.800, in Paris i alone. M. GLrardin has resigned the editorship of La Pre.sse, and is about to depart for America. The Minister of War has sent a Circular to i the Generals throughout France, to cause the ! immediate execution of all persons taken for the ; commission of m.irder or pillage. The Constitutionnel states officially that the I whole department of Basses Alps is in the hands jof the Socialists. This, however, is believed to i be an exaggeration of the efforts of the friends ol | order. Several distinguished friends of the Legitimist i and Orleans party have sent in their adhesion to * tbe President. i The correspondent of a London paper states, j in allusion to the Prince de Joiir.ille and Duke j d'Aumale's intended movement in opposition to I the President, by raising the standard ol revolt ; on the Belgian frontier, that there had been a i meeting of some of the chiefs of the Orleans par ty, and that they unanimously resolved to write to the Prince and inform him that they would not 1 support an attempt on his part to create a civil i war - Warrants are out forfW seizure of many lead ing members of tbe Mountain, who have evaded ! arrest, among other Victor Hugo. ■ Theirs declared against the Government as soon as released, and was compelled to 1 euve France forthwith. The Moniteur states that the loss in the army during the late street engagements, was one of ficer and 24 privates killed, and 17 officers and 167 privates wounded. The latest advices from Dragradien state that tjvo thousand insurgents were marching on the town, and had compelled the directors of the post office at Luck, with 10ft other public func tionaries, to march at their head with chains around their necks. The Minister of the Interior in his report to the President states, that the iusargentsihad at tacked the public forces, and had taken towns, Ac., but had subsequently been compelled to yield to the energy of the authorities- Some 2000 insurgents at Sisteron took possession of the Citadel and compiled the authorities to resgn, and placed a Socialist Committee in authority. The Paris Bourse continues to acquire fcm ness. The Duchies. —Negotiations respecting the dispute in the Duchies have been resumed sud denly with more disposition to bring matters :o a speedy solution. Spain.—Advices from Spain state that the Government had made energetic efforts for the maintenance of order, immediately upon the. receipt of the intelligence of events in Paris. Italy. — Ihe Council General had contributed 15,000 francs towards the erection of a monu ment to Columbus, which was about to be rais ed in that city. Prussia. —A correspondent from Berlin, wri- | ting under date of the 9th, states that the coup! ' d’etat of Napoleon meets with decided approval j in official circles. Cape of Good Hope. —The dates from Cape of Good Hope are to the 4th of November. The Caffirs have been severely chastised by General, Somerset's forces. One engagement lasted , several hours, and the British lost 40 killed and I wounded, whilst the Caffirs left 500 killed anil , wounded on the battle field. Markets. —The sales of Cotton for the week j have reached 39,000 bales, of which speculators I took 6000 bales. Prices have receded id. — I Fair Orleans sid.,Fair Upland 5d.;M idditng Or leans 4|d.; Middling Upland 4 jd. ! Trade, in the manufacturing districts, is un ' changed. The Havre Cotton market has advanced, i Com has advanced Is. per quarter; yellow 285.; ' white 2Ss. 6d. The comparative cessation of violence in : France has operated favorably upon business in Manchester, but the apprehensions for tranquilli ty in Germany|has inspired extreme caution in 1 all operations relating to tuat trade. The Ger man and Italian houses are acting with the ut most wariness, only executing small orders. The general tone of trade, however, is decidedly healthy, whicn will not likely be arrested except by the recurrence of disturbances in France, or by an outbreak in Germany and Italy, of which there are many and unmistakeable indications. , The London Stock market is rather active and prices have rallied. Consols on the 12th closed at 981 a 98i. and after business hours ad vaarai an Ito f. Foreign securities have sym patfsed in the rise. American Stocks have un dergone no quotable change during the week. Hollingshead's Circular quotes middling and upward qualities of Cotton, as especially dull throughout the week. The sales on Friday were 6000 bales st steady prices. Co'ton since the Baltic has been dull, prices favoring buyers. Fair Orleans sid., middl.ug 4ld ; Fair Uplands ad.; Middling 4J.; Fair Mo bile s*d. Havre, Dec. 10th.—Tbe reaction in Cotton at the close of last week has been confirmed, and on Monday prices advanced 3 franc*. Sales of 3400 bales, the market dosing firm. VOL. LXVI.—-NEW SERIES VOL. XVI.—NO. 2. %irulturnl. [From the Soil of the South.) Fruit O altars for the South. We hare so many inquiries from different parts I of the South upon the different branches of Fruit I culture, that we deem we cannot answer all more | effectually than to republish our treatise upon ! Fruit culture at the South, submitted to the first Fair of the Russell and Muscogee Agricultural : Sodety. Since our visit to the Macon Fair, we are more than ever convinced of the beautiful | adaptation of our climate to the growth and full perfection ofall the Fruits described. Will some ! of our Southern readers add to the list the culture of the Orange, Lemon, Pine-Apple. Date, Olive and Guava, as adapted to portions oi Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana and Texas 1 In the culture of these Fruit* we have no experience, and shall feel muler obligations if some one, hav ing experience, will conn* to our aid. APPLE. i AU the fine varieties of this fruit have been produced f om tihe wild Apple' and to the Monks of the middle ages, are we indebted for the first great improvement in fruit culture. The culti vated Apples of the United States were introdiK* I ed from Eutope by seeds and by cuttings, and although the wild crab grows in almost every State in the Union, no edible variety is indi genous. The great .difficulty in cultivating tfie Apple here, is in the fact, that almost all the trees originated in a colder climate, and a change of climate is a Irr ost certain to produce disease. It is immaterial whether a tree, cutting or a bud, is brought Horn a cold climate, for the bud con tains all the elements of the tree, its health, and its diseases. This no doubt is the reason why most ol our Apple orchards are so short-lived, ten to fifteen years being their average lengtb of life. If we would cultivate the Apple successfully, we must propagate it from seeds, and improve upon them, and when we once get a good variety, propagate from, it, by root grafting. Apple seeds should be planted in the Fall, or if delayed until Spring, warm water should be poured over the seeds until they sprout, which will be in about three days, and then the seed planted, will grow from three to six feet the first year, and pro duce fruit in three or four years from seed; out of a lot of seedlings, in all probability there will be some good fruit; these may be propagated by root grafting, which is the most certain and speedy way of propagation in this climate. 1 his may be done from tbe first of Febiuary to the first of April. Take seedling roots of one year's growth, cut them off about one inch lower than they came out of the ground, now split the remaining stem just enough to take in the graft. The grafts should be taken from fruit bearing trees, and from wood of last year’s growth; cut the grafts with two or three buds, and as many as possible with terminal buds; take a sharp knife, and cut the end of the graft in a wedge form, commencing at the lower bud; now insert it in the root, taking care to keep the two outside barks together, plant the root either in the Nursery or where the tree is to stand, leaving the terminal and one other bud above the ground; be careful in press ing the earth around the graft, that it is not mov ed from the union of its bark with the bark of the root. In any good soil, the graft will grow from four to six feet the first year, and wilt pro duce fruit the second or third year. The graft has now become a tree, and to be made produc tive, must be cultivated, nursed and tended. It will grow on almost any rich soil, and it is use less to cultivate the Apple unless the soil is rich. Where the soil is not naturally rich, the roots should annually receive a top dressing of some good vegetable matter, with a little lime or ashes. The tree should be pruned, so as to throw out its branches low, to shade the trunk from the in tense heat ofoursummer’B sun, which frequent ly blisters the bark, causing disease ar.d death. The ground of the orchard should be regularly cultivated, taking care not to injure the roots. One of the best methods ever adopted in this climate, is to shade tbe whole grounds of the or chard with straw —wheat, oat, or pine straw. This preserves an even temperature, keeps the ground cool and moist, and gives the tree an as tonishing vigor and beauty. There are four in sects which are great enemies to the Apple in this section—the borer, the moth, the bark louse and the black worm, which infest the roots. The best remedy for the borer and the bark loose, is to rub the trunk and limbs of the tree with soft country soap; this not ouly destroys the,; '"sects, but invigorates the tree, and also eflectui f pre vents rabbits from barking them; for tbq black worm around the base of the tree, ashes or lime may be used with advantage, and are a good pre ventive—but where the worm has dready begun his ravages, take a sharp knife and nick him out, filling up all the worm holes and wounds with soft soap. The moth that produces the Apple worm may be destroyed by picking up all the fruit that fails, and feeding it to hogs, or by per mitting hogs to run in the orchard. If the people of the South wifi discard North ern raised Apple trees, and rase their own seed lings, we may have the Apple in as great perfec tion here as any where else; lor wherever the wild crab grows, there may the improved varie ties be grown also. ft is true, the Apple tree will not be as long lived here as at the North, but then they come into bearing so much sooner. It is stated of the celebrated green Gage plum, that out of several bushels of seed plauted, and raised to bearing, that the green Gage was the only one out of. he whole lot wortn cultivating: aud it we can, by planting bushels of Apple seeds, produce one that shall hold rank as a iruit with the «reen it would be the greatest aujuisi* tion°to fruit culture, that has ever beamed upou the South; and it can be done-—all it want* is patiense and perseverance. Ihe greatest leal difficulty that we have to contend with, is the speedy decay of the Iruit. after it has matured. Whenever we find a remedy for this, the South will have nothing to fear in the culture ot the APP,C ' THE PEAR. The Pear is a native of Europe and Asia, and was first introduced into this country by French settlers. There is no fruit that has been more improved by the Horticulturist's skill than the pear. In its native state, it is even more unpal atable than the crab, and is termed rlutke Fear. It is now irnade melting, sugary, and battery. Van Mons, the celebrated Belgium pomologist, has produced eighty thousand new seedling Pears, many ofthem of exquisite flavor, and all said to be worthy ot cultivation. The Pear tree is not as subject to disease in this climate as the Apple, nor is the truit as subject to tbe attacks of insects. The tree is somewhat longer in com ing into bearing, but if it be grafted from fruit bearing trees, oh Pear, Apple, or Quince roots, as directed for the Apple, it will bear in lour or five years after grafting. It is much longer lived than the Apple, and there can be no doubt but many of the Southern States are better adapted to Pear culture than the Northern. Here, we never have thatscourage of Northern Pear trees, the frozen sap blight, nor has the fire blight made its appearance beie. Take it altogether, it is the hardiest iruit cultivated at the South, and the wonder is, why it is not more extensively culti vated. The Pear will grow in any soil that will produce Corn, but it most delights in a light, rich loam, impregnated with iron; for this rea son blacksmiths’ cinders have been found valu able to apply around Pear trees. They may be propagated by seeds, where a’.new and valuable kindis to be propagated. It will take some more patience to rear seedlings than from the \pple, as the Pear seldom bears from seed under ten to’ fifteen years, and frequently not under ! twenty; but as the tree has not the principles of stamped upon it that the Apple has, grafts y be brought from any country where the Pei,- has been brought to the highest state of perfecv’on, and those who chose to experiment may try .the seed. The Southern States are as well adapted to the Pear as JJelgium. I saw Dr. Camak, of Athens, exhibiting forty-five va rieties of Pears at the Fair, at Atlanta, ail the produce of his ow n orchard, and most of them of superior quality. One great advantage the Pear has over all other fruits raised here, is its long j keeping qualities, which should commend it to | Southern cultivators; there are many varieties j that may be kept through the whole winter, ri ! pening entirely in the house, after picking, ; which will place the Pear first on the list of Southern cultivated fruits. The Pear needs little or no pruning, and to render it dwarf in its hab its, graft it on Quince stocks; this is particularly well adapted to garden culture, and brings them ato bearing sooner than standard trees. THE PEACH. The Peach is a native of Asia, and was first j introduced into Europe by the Romans, and in to this country by the early settlers. It is easily txopagated, either by seeds, cuttings, or grafting. Peaches come into bearing in this climate, from tbe seed, in two and three years; but as there is no certainty of producing the same variety from seed, as the parent tree, cuttings or grafting must be resorted to. In grafting the Peach, graft in roots of Peach, Plum or Apricot, one year old, as directed for the Apple; this method of graft ing is easier than budding, and altogether supe rior; for as the graft is inserted below the sur face of the ground, the whole tree is of tbe graft -1 ed variety; they will grow from six to eight ieet the first season, and will bear fruit the second; the grafting should be done just as the buds be gin to swell; pinch off ail the blossom bunds, and leave the terminal and one side bud above tbe surface of the grouod. A* rich sandy loam, suits tbe Peach best, and imparts the finest flavor to the fruit. The great enemy of the Peach in this country, is the Peach worm; this is a worm much resembling a flat bead, which preys upon t.'ie tree near the roots,frequently eating entirely mind tbe trunk, causing death to the tree; may easily be detected by the black gummy sub-’ stance exuding around the base of tbe tree. There are many remedies and preventives re commended; lime and ashes are good preven tives; scrape away the earth around the base of tba tree, and fill in with some good air-slack-d lime, or good fresh ashes; renew this every spring; but where the worm has got already a good-hold. I have never found anything so effec tual as boiling water, turned trom the spout of a tea-kettle: be careful and not apply too much water at a time, as it HJight kill, the tree; but a moderate quantity, not ODly xiils all tbe eggs and worms, but seems to invigorate the tree. The worm is produced by a fly, which deposit* eggs in the bark around the bate, and they hatch out a white flat worm and commence their work of destruction immediately. Another pest to Peach culture, is the worm in the lruit,from the woolly down on the young Peach; the fruit is no' as subject to the attacks of insects as the Plum, and if hogs are allowed to run in the Peach , orchard, they effectually keep down the insect, [ as they eat all the falling fruit, destroying the insect with it. A Peach crop, to come to its ' highest perfection, should be tilled with as much j assiduity as Corn or Cotton. The great fault ' with Southern Peach culturists, is, they are not I satisfied with the yield of Peaches,but they must annually crop the Peach orchard, and it must | yield Corn or Cotton, as well as Peaches. A ’ Peach orchard, planted twenty feet each way, will require every inch of s il in the intervening spaces lor the roots, to perfect the trunk, foliage, ! flowers and fruit; and every crop taken from a Peach orchard, is just so much taken from the productiveness of the trees. This may be ob ; jected to by some, who have tried some crops I amongst the r trees with apparent good results; | but in cultivating the crops, the trees got more j culture than usual, and showed an increased 'i production over the soasou when they were in the turf. Il the trees bore better by cultivating a crop amongst them, how much better would they near cultivated without the crop! It is a j well established tact, that all grain crops are positively injurious to fruit trees. The proper ; time for pruning in this climate is July; the j wound then heals quickly, and as Peaches are j only made <tG new# wood, it is best to shorten | in the br metres, to induce the limbs to make I new wood, which wj} give plenty of fruit lor next season. A iWiowi difliculty the Teach has to contend with here, is tb# late Spring frosts. The warm daye of Winter swell the bud, and the first genial day Os Spring it bursts forth in its tenderness and beauty, but to be blackened and blighted by a lingering frost. For this reason,Peact.es should never be planted on low. wet lands, or in the vicinity of streams of water, as they are much more liable to be killed by frosts than when planted on high and dry lands. As to varieties, there are seeding Peaches raised on many of our plantations, that will com pare favorably with any of the grafts of Franee, and whoever may wish to start a Peach orchard, need not go out of Georgia for varieties. Peach seed should be planted immediately after] eating the fruit. It is frequently observed that self planted Peaches make the most vigorous trees, and the reason is, they had a better start. PLUMS. There are many varieties of native Plums found in this country, but, the finer varieties ,of cultivated Plums were introduced from the South of Europe. The Plum, like the Peach, may be propagated from seeds, or by grafts—seeds where new varieties are wanted,and grafts where an old established kind is to be propagated. Gralt be low the ground, as directed lor the Apple, in roots of the Plum, Peach, or Sloe, of one year’s growth; and if grafted from a healthy fruit bear ing tree, the graft will produce fruit the third year. The Plum tree will grow in almost any soil, and is very luxuriant in a light sandy soil: but to produce fruit, it must have a stiff heavy clay, or a loam with a clay sub-soil. The great enemy of the truit is the Curculio, or Plum Weevil. This is a brown bug or beetle, about the size of a pea bug, which makes its appear ance about the time the fruit is forming in the bloom. This bug has a proboscis, and makes a puncture in the young fruit in the form of a cres cent; in this he deposits an egg, the wound soon heals, the egg hatches out a worm, and the worm eats inwardly until it reaches the kernel, when the fruit drops; he now eats his way out, burrows in the ground, where he goes through a chrysalis state, ami next spring comes out a Curculio, ready for bis work of destruction again.* It is observed that where soils are very stiff, the worm cannot force his way in, and consequently perish es; for this reason, stiff clay soils are absolutely necessary for the perfection of the fruit. Paving around the tree lias proved of great service, but whether it is the instinct of the Curculio which | teaches it to shun those trees where there is no chance of propagating itself, or whether it is the fact of so many of the worms perishing on Ihe pavement, has not yet been, determined. Wher ever the Plum orchard is, it should be a hard trodden yard, with hogs, geese and other poultry, ranging through it. The Curculio seems to be the natural enemy of all the thin skin fruits, and is a very shy and timid insect, dropping to the ground at the least jar of the tree. 1 have tries many experiments to get clear of them, but to no pur pose. Salt has been recommended. I have lound salt a fine invigorator of the Plum tree, but uo preventive against the Cun. o. There are lo calities around us where the Plum flourishes, and yields heavy crops, but invariably the soil is stiff clay. The other diseases which the Plum is j subject to in the Northern States, we are exempt j from here; our only enemy is the Curculio, and I his name is Legion. The Plum tree requires lit- j tie or no pruning; as the tree gets old, shorten in j the branches, to produce new wood. NECTARINES. * I am now satisfied that it takes but a few days j for the chrysalis to come out a Curculio, and that tboy come out of tho earth constantly, and keep up | their depredations as long as tho fruit can be pune- j tured. s The Nectarine is only a variety of the Peach, j with a smooth skin. Its culture and propaga- ; tion is in all respects like the Peach, hut, like the j Plum, it is subject to the attacks of the Curculio, '■ and should be planted in stiff soil, to secure fruit. APRICOT. The Apricot is found wild in Asia untl Ameri- | co, and is one of the thin, smooth skin fruits, be- j tween the Plum and Peach. It is desirable for | its early bearing, being the first of all the stone j fruits that ripen; but like the Plum, it is haunt ed by that scourge of thin skin fruits, the Cur- j culio, and should be treated accordingly. It may i he propagated by seeds, or by grafting. Gralt under ground, as directed lor the Apple, on roots of Plum, Peach or Apricot, and if grafted from j truit bearing trees, two years will give fruit from J ! the graft. From the early blooming of the Apri cot, the blooms are extremely liable to be killed . by frosts; the tree therefore should be planted in j the most exposed situations, to prevent the too j early blooming. The Plum, Nectarine,and Apri- , cot. must alt he planted in stiff soils, or constant- j | )y watched, and shaken during the fruiting sea son, and the insects destroyed, or they cumber the ground, and, like Dead dea fruits, perish be fore they come to the lips. CHERRY. The Cherry was introduced into Europe, from I Asia, by the Romans, and into this country by i our English ancestors. The Morello is quite ’ easy of culture and propagation, growing readi- j ly from seeds, and flourishing in almost any soil. . But the finer varieties of English Cherries, must j be grafted. Graft on one year old roots of the ; Morello, as directed for the Apple, and hearing trees will be produced in three years. The Eng lish Cherry cannot stand our long hot summers; the bark becomes blistered, and the tree cracks and dies; to prevent this, shade the tree. It is well to box the tree, up as high as the limbs, as we find ornamental trees in towns, to prevent the barking by cattle; have the box bored full of holes, to let in light and air. The north side of a house is the most appro priate place for the English Cherry. The Eng lish Cherry may also be grafted on a three year i old Morello. in the liijnbs, as the Morello stands the sun better than the English. The foliage of the graft protects it Irom the sun, and all the fine varieties of English or French Cherries may be propagated and cultivated in this manner. QUINCE. The Quince is a native of the South of Europe, and was introduced into this country by th? early settlers. It is one of the easiest trees propagated from, growing freely from cuttings. It is well adapted to Southern culture, and will grow in almost any soil; lor this reason, it is too often neg lected, and suffered to be overrun with weeds and bushes; knotty and stunted fruit is the con sequence. There is no tree bears higher manur ing, and none that pays better for it. It is a mistaken notion that the Quince requires a low, damp locality; from the fact they will grow there, has led many to believe that it was its natural habit. But the finest Quinces I have ever seen in any country, were grown on high, dry lands, in Chambers county, Alabama. The tree is in clined to sucker: these should be kept down, and a tree encouraged instead of a bush, which will improve the quality of the fruit. Where the ground is shaded around the roots with straw, the fruit is much larger and finer. It is observed that Southern Quinces are not as acid as those raised North, which is probably owing to the climate. As a preserving fruit, the Quince ranks among the first in the country. GRAPE. Thisisoneof the oldest fruits in existence, j having been extensively cultivated by the earli- j est fathers for Wine. It is found In almost every j clime, ind is indigenous here. Our native grapes are superior for Southern culture to any of the foreign varieties that have yet been, introduced. It is easy of propagation, growing freely from cuttings and layers. In a deep rich soil, “hound ing in lime, the grape is a long-lived plant, but from some cause, not yet explained, they are becoming a short-lived plant in Middle Georgia and Alabama, eight to ten yeare being their average life; but they are so easily propagated and produce fruit so quickly,that it is almost like serving an annual crop. Most of the grapes strike freely from cuttings, and bear freely the second year, and the third are in their greatest perfection. Among the grapes which strike fre quently from cuttings, the Catawba and War renton are found to suit our own locality’ better than most others: being fine table grapes, and ex cellent for Wine. Grape cuttings may be put put either in the Fall or Spring; let there be from three to five buds on the cutting; make a smooth dean cut; place the cutting nearly horizontal in the ground, leaving out two buds; when the bud begips to swell, pinch off the weakest bud. The Grape delights in a calcareous soil, and where it is not found, lime should be freely used; no beat ing manures should be applied around the grape vines, but the mould from swamps, ashes, gyp sum, soap-suds, and added to this the best ma nure I have everfouud for grapes is shade. Shade to the roots cover the ground with leaves or si.aw as far as the roots extend, which keeps the roots cool and moist. Grape vines with us, do not require the pruning that the Europeans give them. Any time between October aud Feb- ruary, take out all the dead wood, and where the vine has become too scrambling and long jointed, cut, to force new and thicker branches. The grape is sometimes affected with mildew or rot. This is caused by fiequent changes in the weather, and will hardly ever occur, if the ground around the roots is properly mulched; for * whatever changes may" take place in the at mosphere, there is always an even temperature around the roots, which gives health to the fruit. The Scuppernong, a native white grape of North Carolina, is better adapted to Southern culture than any other gray*, growing in any kind of soil and almost any situation; it however does not strike freely from cuttings, but must be lay ered or grafted; it is fully equal as a table, and superior as a wine grape, to any grape that I am acquainted with; it is superior ior arbors and trellis work, growing rapidly and holding its foliage a tong time. There are but few diseases that the grape is subject to here. The Aphis, or Ant Coir, is a troublesome in sect, not so much from the actual damage that they do, ns the unsightly appearance they give the ends of the vines. A sprinkling of Scotch suuff, when the dew is on the leal, will soon exterminate them. POMEGRANATE. This beautiful fruit was first introduced from the South of Europe, ami flourishes well in all this section. It is easily propagated by seeds, layers, or by cuttings. They grow in almost any kind of soil, but a rich sandy loam suits them best; they require little or no pruning, merely taking out the dead and decaying wood. There are several varieties, but the sweet fruited is preferable for the dessert. It is not so much the value of the fruit, as its peculiar beauty, tlm» leads to its cultivation; being extremely beautilul when in llowor or fruit. No ornamental grounds should be without it. FIG. This, like the grape, is one of the oldest fruits cultivated. It probably originated in the Garden of Eden, and is the only fruit that has come down to us unimproved, from that Priuce aud Father ot Hor.iculturists, Adam himself. We find no account of any improvement in its cul ture. but Figs six thousand years ago, were pro bably the same as the Figs of to-day. The Fig is easily propagated, by cuttings, layers,or divid ing the roots, aud will gr jW in almost any soil, but the fruit is of superior flavor when grown on a rich sandy loam, it is liable to be winter-kil led in this section, aud should therefore be plan ted in an open exposure, where it may get all of thp cold to retard its early budding. It is rarely killed in the winter, until the sap has com menced rising. It is well to prune the bush so as to form a tree, as it is better able to boar the cold of winter. A barren Fig may sometimes be made productive, oy pruning the roots. When a winter is very severe, a Fig tree may be protected from the cold by applying a good coat of stable manure around tbe roots, covering the ground around the tree, about six inches deep. There are many varieties, and all have their ad vocates. The Fig should receive more exten sive culture. , STAWBERRY. This favorite fruit is a native of most of the States of the Union, and has been brought to its present high state of perfection by hybridising and caretul culture. The finest Strawberries grown in the universe are of American origin. The people of the South have labored under a great mistake, in supposing Straw bery culture not adapted to the South'. I assert, without fear of successful contradiction, that there is no coun try under heaven better adapted to the cultiva tion of this fine fruit than the Southern part of these United States. Strawberries may be pro pagated by seeds, or by runners. Seed«, when new varieties are wanted, and by runners where an established variety is to be perpetuated. I have no doubt but the principal reason why so many have failed in the culture of the Straw berry here, is, too high manuring. Most of the directions for Strawberry culture, which we get from the North, urge the importance of high manuring. 1 started the Strawberry culture with Hovey’s seedling, manured high, and for four years never had a berry. At length a friend informed me, that, when surveying the Indian lands iu Russell county, for the government, that riding a white horse, his legs were frequent ly stained by the juice of the Strawberries, half way up to the knee. I concluded that 1! they grew thus wild, that I would try and imitate na ture. In the first place, tbe Strawberry grower must understand the difference between the staminate aud pistillate, or in other woids, the male and female plants. There are three grades of plants: the entirely staminate or male, the entirely.pistillate or female, aud the hermaphro dite, blending the staminate and pistillate togeth er. The pistillate varieties are the most produc ; tive, when property impngnated, as every I bloom will make a fruit. The entirely stand i nate produce no fruit at all, and as they produce i a great quantity of runners, they are very apt to ; run out all the fruit bearing vines. The hernia . pbrodites are good bearers, and utiswer for im- I pregnators to the pistillates too. in selecting a i bed lor Strawberries, select a piece of light, po- I rous, rich ground. Plow or spade it well, aud I any time, from October to February, plant but j the bed; let the rows be two feel apart, and | plant six rows of the pistillate, one foot apart in i the row, and now one row of stem.nate, or her j maphroiiite, every sixth row, being the impreg i nators. Apply no animal manure, but keep the . bed well covered with partially decomposed I leaves, and every spring, diess the bed with ash ] es, either leached or unleashed. Keep down the j runners through lint fruiting season. It is wor j thy of remark, that the pistillates, from their i enormous productiveness, rarely make runners iin the iruiting season. When the bed has he i come matted over with viues, go over it with : hoes and cut the vines up, ieuvirig a stand of | healthy viues, at proper distances; have the vines to decay where they are cut, lor they as ■ lord the best kind oi nutriment to the living plant. When the vinos commence hearing, j give them copious wateriugs, w hich will cause the young irutt to swell and mature. It is veiy : easy lo distinguish between the male and female ; blooms. The statuinule being a large, showy ! bloom, with tong stamens, tilled with a yellow dust, or poiteiii whilst tne pistillate is a small ! unpretending bovver, without stumen ol jxiifen, but with a simple stupa it is observed ol the pistil Jute kinds, that they hear much thicker planting than the staminate, frequently produ rmg enormous crops ol line iruu, wnen the viues are matted together; hut the season most prove i a wet one, to insure tins. It is belter to keep ; them worked out, and clean, i have had the ! Hovey’s seedling to produce fruit ten months in { the year, cultivated cm this tuifrchmg principle, ! and in ai) the list ot Strawberries winch 1 have j ever tried, 1 have never lound any to compare . with the Hovey seedling, when impregnated : with the large early scarlet. There are other varieties that are just as good as the early scar let to impregnate with, lor the common Straw berry season; but as the early scarlet, like the Hovey, is almost a constant bloomer, it keeps the pistillates in constant bearing. There is a great difference in Strawberry plants standing,the droughts of our hot summers. I have had the British Queen and Myatt’s Pine, two fine varieties, perfectly killed by drought, when the Hovey’s seedling, and Ross 1 Phoenix, did not even wilt. Strawberry roots will penetrate the ground from eighteen inches to two feet, and have been known to go down as far as five feet. This shows the importance of a porous soil, as they draw mooh nourishment ! from the sub-soil. There are some called month ly Strawberries, and some early Strawberries; but the Hovey’s seedling will bear as early in the Spring as the frost will permit it, blooming every warm day after January, and will continue in bearing until the dry weather of summer parches up the vines. Taken altogether, for size, productiveness, flavor, safety in tiang|>orta tion, and its admirable adaptation to our climate, there is no Strawberry to compare with the Ho vey’s seedling. RASPBERRY This favorite fruit is also a native of this coun try, and probably originated in the bramble. There are many varieties cultivated. The com mon garden Kasberry is easy of culture aud propagation. It requires a rich light soil, and in this climate, shade to the roots. It may be propagated by seeds, layers, cuttings or suckers. Raspberry canes require some support of a trel lis kind, or they may be planted three canes in a clump, and as they come into bearing, tie the tops together, and they support each other. In the winter, cut out all the dead wood, and work in some good leaf mould from the woods, around the roots. There have been some great inn provements in the Raspberry of late years. The ! Antwerp, and the Fallstaff, are very superior ; varieties, but are extremely delicate, and will : not bear our hot suns without some protection. 1 Especially must the ground be mulched around the roots, and a moist location selected for them. Where these provisions ere attended to, fruit of monstrous size, and exquisite flavor, will be the reward; in other respects, propagation and cul ture, like the common Raspberry. Railways. —lt is estimated that the total ag gregate of Capital which has been expended up to this time, in the construction of rail ways in different parte of the world, amounts to the enor mous sum of £417,786.000, viz: Railways completed. Cost of construction Miles. and equipment. United Kingdom 7,000 £250.000,000 Germanic States 5,042: 66,775,000 United States... 10,280 6*654,000 Fiance........ 1,018........... 48,781,000 Belgium 532 9A76.00 0 Russia 200 3,000,000 Italy 170 3,000,000 Total 24,551 £447,786.000 The Way it Works.— Tbe cost of tbs prose* cutiont to the United B»ate» m the Christiana treason trials up to the rime ol Hannaway sac* quittal, is said to he 875.000. When, it is re membered, that under the present revenue sys tem of tbe government, the slave bolding S atei will have to contribute about three fourth* of the ir oney to pay these expenses, it will not be hard to cypher up. wbat the South gains by the Fugi tive Slave law, to say nothing of the loss of tlit slaves escaping. ,