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Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel. BY WILLIAM S. JONES. WEEKLY Cbnmidf an^cntincl. * >->- ■r*i£)r*r&k J dcWTau " THE WEEKLY CHRONICLE & SENTINEL. b Published every Wednesday AT TWO DOLLARS PER AKHH IN ADVANCE. TO CIXBB or INDIVIDUALS rending an Ten Dollar*, SIX copie* of the Paper will be sent for one year, thn* fur nishing the Paper at the rate of H IX COP IK* FOB TEN DOLLARS, or a free copy to all who may procure in five subscriber*, ami forwanl u* the money. CHRONICLE 8c SENTINEL DAILY ANDTHI-WEEKLV, Are aLo published at thi* office, and mailed to subscriber* at the fottorring rate*, namely: Daii.t Parra, if «entby mail, IT per annum. Tai-Waaai.r Paraa, 4 “ “ TERHS OF ADVERTISING. I» Wekiei.y.—Seventy-five cent* per square (10 line* or lea*) for the Drat insertion, [and fifty cent* for each subse quent insertion. SPECIAL NOTICES. |3T‘ llcsry Blanket and Flushing Over Coats." J. M. NKWBV A CO., will close oat a lot of HEAVY BLAN KET and FLUSHING OVER COATS at a very low price. Aslo Sattinet Round Coat* and Pant*—Flannel Shirt*, Ac. Ac. Those in want of Clothing for servants, can buy them low by caling at our store, under the “United State* Hotel.’’ Ja*> ‘ «r Notice.—Cuuta's Ornc* lamuioa Occur, January 19,1852.—A1l person* interested, are hereby notified that the Justices of the Inferior Court will meet at the Court lloure on the first Monday in FEBRUARY next, to receive the necessary bonds, and administer the Oatli to those Coun ty Officers elected on the first Monday in January, 1862. By order of the Justices of the Inferior Court. ja'.’O-twtd 0. E. CASH IN, Dep. Clerk. ITT To the Deaf.—Deafness, noise in the head, and all disagreeable discharges from the ear, speedily and per manently removed, without pain or inconvenience, by Dr. Smith, Aurbt, of H 4 Frankfort street, New York, who may he consulted for a few days, in his apartments, at Mr. C. K. Muslin’s, on Greene street, one door above the Metho dist Church. Hours of attendance, front 10, A. M., to 4, P. M. “ I am acquainted with Dr. Smith's treatment, and cheer fully recommend it for it* efficacy and ease of application P. A. WHITE," JalS-tf Chemist and Druggist. Warren County.—All Teachers of Poor Children in said County, are requested to hand in their account*, duly authenticated, to the Clerk of the Inferior Court, on or before the second Monday in February. “By order of Court, this 18th day of January, ISM." Jals wßw GEORGE W. DICKSON, Clerk. ir Wo would reroinmond those who are troubled with Coughs this cold weather, to procure a Dottle of Dr. Ti tt’h Pmtoral Elixir. It Is an excellent Medicine. Bee Advertisement dl9-tf Mexlesn Mustang Liniment.—From rich and poor, bond and free—all gradMucolors and conditions, the same meed of praise is irresistibly given to this wonderful preparation. Thousands of tattles are sold and used daily and hut one universal opinion Is uttered by all who use it, ami that is, that no remedy ever before discovered posses ses such perfect healing and curative properties. It acts like nmgic in relieving pains of any kind, no matter by what caused, or how excruciating—dislocations of joints, t sprains, bruises, cuts, burns, scalds, ulcers, cancers, rheu- mutism, plies, caked breasts, or any pain, soreness, stiff j ness, or weakness of joints, muscles, or ligaments. This liniment is equally applicable and equally effectual in giving immediate relief. Try it! Hold by all Druggists in Augusta. Jaß DR. WM. H. TIITT, Agent. in mans, imuans. TIIK are now selling off their Stock of (100 i)S, in Crawford ville and Fiber ton, at Cost, and will give bargains to all wlm call. They also offer their HEAL ESTATE in each of the above Villages for Bale. They offer, In Elberton, the well known TAVERN LOT, ft>r merly owned by Mrs. Oliver. They also request all those who are indebted to them, to call and settle immediately, or they will find their notes ami accounts in the hands of an Attorney for collection. BLOMAN, HENRY & CO. Ja2o-wßm NOTE LOST rOHT OH HTOLEN, from me In Burke J county, it POCKET BOOK, containing a Ipfe;; "-1 Note of One Hundred and Tell Dollar*, dated |t3jjp9*,fij October It, 1851, made by Michael King, pay- luHiSBBB) able to Timothy Donovan. I forewarn all persons against trading for said Note. jaHU-tf TIMOTHY DONOVAN. ni'RCBANTH AND PLANTERS rxriLL I’LIMBE TAKE NO- „ y\ TICK of the price* JOHN vCS, - - ... f M A YIIKK A 00., will sell the following articles, delivered on the vessel in New York: No. lot* Stocked PLOWS, (a good article) *1.12)4 each. “ 104 “ “ “ *1.25 " 12V “ “ “ *1.50 “ “ 18)4 “ “ » *2.50 “ Tlnch “ “ " *1.25 " II “ “ “ « *1.50 “ 14 “ “ “ “ *1.50 “ 15 “ “ “ “ *1,75 Other kinds of PLOWS in proportion. POINTS, HEELS and BEAMS, together with all sines of GIN' GEAR, or other CASTINGS, 2* ct*. per Ih. CORN 81IKLLER8, with Balance Wheel, *4.50 each. CORN SIIKI.I.EIIS, with two Balance Wheels, *5 each. STRAW CUTTERS,Hovey’s No. 1,*0: No. 2, *7; and No. 3, *B. All warranted to give entire satisfaction. Persons wish ing any of the above articles will please send us tliclr or ders. JOHN M A Yll Ell & CO., jaS-2w 197 Water Street, New Y'ork. MEDICAL HOOKS. CIHGICAIMNATOMY, by Joseph _/=>=*_ k* Maelise, Fellow of the Royal College of L Surgeons, with sixty-eight colored plates. oLSftgS* jv Operative Surgery, based on Normal and '■JRaußffiiW Pathological Anatomy, by J. F. Malgaigne; Translatcd frinu the French hy,Predcrick Britton, A. 8., M. D., M. R. C. S. L. I 1 The Pocket Formulary, and Synopsis of tho British and Foreign Pharmacopoeias, by Henry Beasley. For sale by jail JOSEPH A. CARRIE A CO. LEATHER, LASTS, SHOE PEGS, FINDINGS, AC. IL'tiT HEUEIVED, a large supply of Hem lock, and Oak Sole LEATHER, Band and Pick- gift* or LEATHER, Upper and Lace LEATHER, Calf fWS and Kip SKINS, Lining und Binding SKINS, Kid ' Ra mul Top SKINS. —ALSO— KNIVES, PINCERS, NIPPERS, RASPS, AWLS, HAM MERS, PUNCHES, Lasting TACKS, SPARABLES, French KIT, Silo STICKS, Measure STRAPS, Isrng STICKS, Pump STICKS, Sand STONES, Splitting and Eyelet MACHINES, Hull’s Bull Shoe THREAD, TWIST, Boot WEBBING, Boot CORl), Shoe LASTS, Shoe PEGS, Boot TREES, CLAMPS, CRIMPS, Uraining BOARDS, Ac. FORCE, CONLEY A CO. jalS Opposite Insurance Bank. WILLIAM HORSLEY, JR., WIIOI.KKAI.K AND RE- , ... Bltj] TAIL DEALER IN Bool'S W-3H T i'iJ fBl AND SHOES, keeps constantly —lh) n * trws on hand, the best article for re- tailing, various descriptions of Mens’, Boys’, ladies’, Misses’, and Children’s. Also Plantation and Kip Brogans. South side Broad street, Augusta, Georgia. J*B-ly BOOTS AND SHOES TIIK CHEAPEST EVER i 'id \. ofibred in Augusta. The sub- all LI \ serlber begs leave to return fBl sincere thanks to his friends 1 and the public generally for Iheir kind aud lilieral patrouge bestowed on him, and hopes, by an untlinching jiersever ance to merit the same for the future, being desirous to call the attention of the eitiiens of Augusta, anil ils vicinity, to Ids splendid Stock of Gents’, Ladies', Misses’. Boys’ und Childrens' BOOTS A SHOES, which lie will sell wholesale and retail, cheaper than any ever offered in this city. Please call and examine, as hU Goods will lie freely shown and only one price asked. 500 pair ladies' laced OAITERS, at 95 cents per pair. N. It.—A handsome lot of Travelling and Packing TRUNKS, VALIKOHS, and CARPET BAGS, always on hand. JAMES DAI.Y. Store on the South side of Broad Street, and nearly op posite the Eagle A Phooenix Hotel. 021-6 m JUST RECEIVED. AT my new Stand, second \ door above A. Frederick’s Con- ffll L V fectionary, formerly occupied by gWI L. C. Warren A Co— 1 VRL 1,000 pair Negro SHOES, No. 1, Wood’s make ; 800 do. Women’s Loa’r BOOTS, No. 1 Wooil’s make ; 800 do. Misses' Leather BOOTS, No. 1 Wood’s make ; ALSO, Miles A Rogers’ Wster Proof BOOTS ; With a general assortment of Ladies, Misses' and Chil dren's SHOEs, of all descriptions. For sale by till H. K. CLARKE DANCING PUMPS. GAITERS, AC. W JUST RECEIVED- \ Boy's Dancing PUMPS; CM] Ljf V Boy’s Dancing GAITERS; fll Youth’s Dancing PUMPS ; * do. do. GAITERS; ALSO • Gent’s fine Calf Dress BOOTS ; do. do do. Steel Shank BOOTS ; do. do. Cloth do. do do.; do. do. Water Proof do.; da da quilted bottom do.; ALSO ladies’. Misses’, Boy’s and Children’s SHOES and BOOTS, of every description. FORCE, CON LEY A CO., n 3 opposite Insurance Bank. TO MY LADY PATRONS. I HAVE received a fresh supply _ /W \ of Ladies’ thick sole GAITERS,UR] which will lie sold lower than any WNF v offered in Augusta. * BOOTS and SIIORS. —: also:— RUBBERS, TRUNKS, VALISES, and SATCHELS. Cliiklreu amt Servants’ BOOTS and SHOES, in great vari ety, all of which will be sold low. Call and examine for yoursetf. &r Opposite Bridge Bank Buildings, Broad st. <»* «• L. BYMMOKS. PRICK «FCANDY HKDI cm CENTS * Pound is our price for CANDY, I in boxes, with the usual areortment, manufactured of the best Sugar. jal.'i LAMBACK A COOPER. BLAKE’S FIRE PROOF PAINT. rpHE sjbecriber has just received SO bbls. of this|Paint A which is the cheapest, most durable, and safest article In use. To a house covered with this Paint, there is no danger of fire. In a few month* after being applied, it turns to stone, thereby affording a complete protection against the weather and fire. For tale by j : ,7 WM. H. TUTT, Druggist. ~ CAITPAILA DURAND'S SUPERIOR FRENCH BITTERS. manufactured by J. Durand A 00., Paris.—The above bitters mav be used with Wine, or any Spirit*. It t*. also, a pleasant drink, as it is strengthening to the bowels, and a certaiucure for the Dyspepsia, Debility, Weakness of the Chert, and every complaint arising from a derangement of llie syrtem. Also a certain cure for Chid* and Fever*. A. VON DOHIENS, Agent For Durand A Co. Fur sale wholesale by GIRARDY A PARKER, 42 If Agents for J. Van Doblen. POETRY. From the LoviiriU* Journal. To my Mother fa Heaven it maiy ibal I’m thinking of the time, mother. When, on thy bended knee. Thy low, heart-thrilling voice waa raked To God in prayer for me— That, were it Ilia afl-boly will That death should call thee home, He'd guide my youthful step# aa through Ufe’a tangled paths I roam. I could not understand, mother. Why sorrow should oppress Thy heart, or cast upon thy brow Buch shades of deep distress. But now 1 know the agony That wrings a mother's heart, When gating on her darling ones, And thinking they must part. My life was like a dream, mother, A joyous dream of lore, Till thy Fattier summoned the away To thy home of rest above; My eighth bright summer scarce had corns To glad me with its bloom. Ere the blighted flowers of spring had shed Their fragrance o’er thy tomb. That sad and dreary morn, mother, Is fresh in memory yet; The morn that made ine motherless, Oh how can I forget ? Yet it were wrong to grieve for thee, Thour’t free from life’s dark cares, And the widow’s Hope, the orphan’s friend, Hath answered all thy prayers. Oh many a bitter tear, mother, Os anguish have I shed. As ’neath a heartless kinsman’s roof I bill my orphan head ; And when my heart with grief was full I thought upon thy love, Till it seemed as if thy soft blue eys Bmiled on me from above. Oh often do I look, mother, # Buck to my girlhood’s days. And wonder how 1 passed unscathed Thro’ youth’s bewildering maze, Without a mother’s holy voice To warn me or approve ; No sister dear—no gentle friend, Thy homeless child to love. And as often do I think, mother, That, though thou want in heaven, Free from the toils and cares of earth, Btill, still to thee was given The power to watch thy orphan child, And guide her from afar, That a mother’s holy love might be Through life her Bethlehem-star. Oh would that thou could’st know, mother, How kind a friend is given Thy child, raethinks ’twould glad thy h *art, E’en where thou art in Heaven. Perhaps ’tis so—l will believe Thy spirit hovering near, Btill blessing him who cherishes And loves thy daughter here. A Legend of the Opal. A Peri from her sea-girt cave Was wand’ring on a summer even, When white-caps crowned each swelli: i wave And clouds were on the face of heave a. Her hark of light and fairy form Was anchored near a silvery strand, While heedless of the comiug storm Bhc roamed along the sparkling suml. When sun, and sky, and water smiled, Often she sported on the shore, But never had this ocean child Beheld her Father’s wrath before. The black cloud hurst! the lightning flashed ! Down rushed the floods of beating ruin, While billows caught the roar, and dashed Their thundering echoes back again. As when in some deep wood, to hide, A bright und timid bird has down, Amid this strife of wind and tide The Peri stood, and watched alone ! Till the mad tempest ceased to rave, Hushing awhile its demon yell, Ami winds had muttered to each wave, In moauing blasts, a low farewell. Then, where dark clouds so late had driven, And rolling thunders fiercely spoke, Now sunlight, through the gates of Heaven, In streams of softest splendor broke. And sec, where drop and sunbeam met, That beauteous arch, serenely proud, As if some son of light had set A seal of glory on the cloud. It might be that a Seraph's wing Had swept along the moistened air, And left its mingled hues to cling And beam, a glittering circlet there. The Peri gazed with ecstacy Ul>on the rainbow’s graceful form; For ne’er till now beheld her eye , This brilliant of the sun and storm. She ran to clasp within her anus # The oand of soft and dreamy light, But lo ! as on she sped, its charms Fl.tt faster from her eager sight. “ Alas!” she cried, 44 beneath the wav# How many gems of beauty lie, Yet none so fair, within my cave, Aw this rich jewel of the sky. 44 Oh ! could I seize that mystic gieam, The inconstant lustre which I see, Or of that bow but one soft beam, To bear beneath the waves with me! ” And as her tears her grief proclaim, Filling her sad ami downcast eye, The angel of the rainbow came, For she had heard the Peri’s sigh. 41 List, daughter of the dark blue sea, Bright spirit of the restless deep, A gem of light I’ll give to thee, Then mourn no more, and cease to weep.” The angel paused—then drawing near, One lucid drop she quickly stays ; And, crystalised, that Peri’s tear Flushed with the rainbow's countless rays. The spirit faded from her sight, But who the Peri’s joy can tell? When with its heart of prisoned light, An Opal on her bosom fell ! And thus a mystic name in story This gciu has borne for many a year, Blending with all the rainbow’s glory An ocean spirit’s pearly tear. Rosa. [From Sartain’s Magazine.] The Student. Alone he sat. His broad ami lofty brow Was bent upou his thin, pale hand ; his lock# Os jet hung o’er it with a darkened shade; His black and glistening eye gleamed with some deep And juid and earnest thought; his cheek was white— White as the Parian stone; his quivering lip Was blanched to Death’s own hue; and the blue veins That branched along his temples seemed to throb With the strong spirit’s fever. All alone, In the dim twilight’s calm and solemn hour, He sat ami mused upon his far-off home, His happy childhood’s faded years, and all The beauty and the glory that had passed With them forevermore. He sadly thought Os his sweet sister, with her golden hair Btreaming and waxing on the morning wind— Il s bold young brother sporting at his side, With a free shout, as joyous as the sound Os bright, glad waters, leaping to the sheen Os early spring—his mother’s gentle kiss, Her slid, sweet smile, her holy words of lovfr— His gray-haired father’s fervent blessing, breathed With quivering lip, at the last parting hour. When his own tears fell like the summer rain— And A*»/•, the dearer still, whose soft, blue eye, Through dark and gloomy years, had been to him The day-star of his being. Ay, he thought Os these, all sleeping in the church-yard now, And ’mid Ids mournful musings he forgot The world, his many triumphs, and his wild And maddening love of fame, that in the dim And distant future might make melody, Dear melody for his now lonely ear, And then he bowed his strong and lofty heart, And ’mid his sail ami holy memories, wept llis stern, dark Pride away. From his deep trance— His long, deep trance of memory, love and grief— He started up, and clenching his |>ale hands In strong resolve, he raised his eyes to Heaven, And moved his thin and bloodless lips, and vowed To w in a name a nation should adore— To write it on the broad and glorious scroll Os living greatness. Then, as o’er his heart The vision stole with bright and burning power, That w ould not be controlled, he smiled, and quelled The rushing tide of passion's blood, anti pressed The one bright |Hcture to his breast—the dear, Prized picture of his future glory. High Among the foremost of his country’s sons That student stands. The wild and stormy souls Os multitudes bow to his master will, Even as the sheaves the dreaming patriarch saw, Bo win! to the master sheaf. Each lightning flash Os his sublime and glorious intellect Is followed by the k>ng, loud thunder-peal Os popular acclaim. Lone and bereft In heart, he sways a mighty people’s hearts, And moves majestic in his pride or place. Lord of the realm’s applause. Ah, little know The idolizing world the hitter throes That rend his soul, the weary woe he bears Without a word or sign. His power and fame Are all they know or wish to know. No eye Save God’s may see him in his solitude, Wheu ’mid the holy stillness of the night, He turns from all life’s glittering pomp away, And weeps and sobs, ay, like a very child. MATTIB. "miscellanys Thk Great Cities. — Hunt's Merchants' Magazine for November, contains an interesting aud in structive article “on the growth of townspn the United States.” It shows tliat during the last ten years, the growth of cities lias been more rapid than during any previous ten years of the coun try's history. ' Ever since 1790, New York has doubled itself every fifteen years. At tliat time it contained but 38,000 people. Now, with its suburban dependencies it contains 660,000. Bos ton and suburbs, in 1790, contained 80,000 people. Its average period of duplication has been 21 years and it now contains, with its suburban cities and villages, 212,000. Taking the increase of the population for the past ten years as a basis of calculation, the period of duplication would be, in New Y'ork, twelve years; Philadelphia, twelve and one-half; Baltimore, thirteen and one half ; Boston, twelve. If this rate of increase shall continue for twelve years now to come, or rather from 1850 to 1562, 2*ew York will contain 1,800,000 souls, aud Boston 424,000. Between 1825 and 1880, the city of Boston gain ed only 8,000 in population, and jo, 000,000 in val uation; while from 1845 to 1850—twenty years la ter—the population ; increased 24,000, and the val uation $45,000,0<X>, The taxable property of Bos ton, for the last ten years, has been increasing at the rate of ten per cent, a year. The State valua tion of Boston in ISSO, #214,000,000, and should the rate of increase be the same for the next ten years, that it lias for the lost ten, the State valua tion will, in 1860, be $428,000,000, an amount lar ger than tlve present valuation of all the New En gland States, leaving out Massachusetts I Verily, there are giants in these days. A correspondent of the Lowell Courier, writing '• front Seituate, chronicles the death on the 22d ult., i of Mrs. Sarah l’inson, aged 108 years and 4 months, t She was the wife of die late Simeon Pinson, of the 1 same town—and the last revolutionary soldier in it r —who died March 22d, 1850, aged 96 years and 8 months. It will be observed that their joint ages make precisely two eentures—2oo years. They were both born on the 22d dav of the month, ana both died on the 22d. From the Newark Daily Advertiser. Winter Evening* in the Country. The Farmer’s life is not aa dismal as many ima gine. The country is not overcast with a mantle of sack-doth as often represented. If it has some dark shadows, it has also luminous ones. If there is about it some repulsive features, there are others lovely and attractive. And if hi* life has toils and hardships, he has seasons of rest and buoyancy. The former give him competence and independ ence ; and the latter give him an opportunity ibr so cial and intellectual pleasure. The mechanic may well say, what an easy life the farmer has, when looking in upon him during the long evenings of winter. If agriculturists were to improve all the advantages for good living, and for social and men tal pre-eminence within their reach, it may be affir med with confidence that no other sphere of life offers so many attractions. It is not my purpose here to speak of the value of agriculture and those who pursue it as a branch of productive labor, compared with other branches, but sim ply of such value appertaining to domestic en joyments and intellectual pre-eminence. It is indeed true that the country has no public amusements to occupy the time in winter evenings like those in the city. Here are no theatres, no balls, no assemblies, no museums, and rarely any large parties for pleasure, nor public lectures.— Hence families in the country must provide each for themselves their own amusements. It was for merly the ease that the female portion of the family was as much occupied in the evening as by day light. Then the wtiiz of the spinning wheel and tfie clatter of the shuttle, as well as the perpetual snapping of the knitting needles, told how true it was that woman was the help-meet for man. But those days have sped, probably no more to return. The reocollection of them is like a dreary. Weal most doubt whether it was reality or fiction. Now other devices are to be conjured up, other agencies are to be brought into requisition to render the country fire-side cheerful. The female mind is wonderfully plastic. A fe male ennui would boa rare novelty. Inactivity is no more an attribute of the female hand or fing ers than of the female tongue. The sewing needle is now the implement of women in the country for rendering winter evenings of value to them, as well as to keep at a distance the stupid and sluggish de meanor of those who have no employment. It is, however, for the male portion of the family that we at present are laboring to provide. What are they to do for pleasure or profit, while the fe males are intent on embroidery or plain sewing i With few exceptions, they have been accustomed in the long evenings of winter, to have no regular oc cupations of body or mind, and the consequence has been that they generally acquire a demeanor denoting nought of sprighthness or intelligence.— How could it he otherwise ? The mind and the body unoccupied manifest a tendency to drowsi ness and sleep, or to a state of intellectual torpor that is absolutely degrading to a rational being.— An evil so desreputable and ruinous should be eschewed. It is unnecessary. Every one may pro vide against it. To assist in doing this is what we now have to say, and we sincerely hope all to whom we address these few remarks will read them and profit from them. If so, our labor will rceeivo an adequate reward. The amount of leisure at the command of the far mer for one half of the year,is an ample equivalent for the severitv of his toils the other half of it, and if appropriated to mental improvement, will ulti mately raise him to the first ranks of intelligence, respectability, and honor. But few realize how much may tfius be accomplished in this way. We would have it a standing regulation in every farm er’s family, that at an eurlv hour each evening all the members of it shull be collected about tho firesido; the females at their domestic labors, and the males reading to them and to each other from books, ma gazines, or newspapers. If, however, there are young ladies in the family, or female children of an age to road with propriety, they should take their rotation in doing it. By such habitual exercises all will become good readers—one of the most pleasing and useful accomplishments in life, and the want of it not unfrequentlv occasioning the greatest morti fication to those who cannot read well. Being able to perform well on tho piano-forte, or the being skilled in drawing or dancing, insof ioomparably loss value than being able to entertain for two or tlirco hours the family circle by a clear and distinet enunciation and an impressive cadence; when rea ding to them from some work of merit in eit her of the great departments of literature, history, biogra phy, belles-lettros, poetry, religion, and' philoso ■’“ft, voting Indies to do this is to occupy a promi nence in society honorable to thoir own sex, and to exercise over the other sex an influence and witch ery not otherwise attained. To be a listener to a young lady in the farm-house of a winter evening, with a countenance ruddy with health, when read ing Milton or Shakspeare, or Miss Edgeworth, and to observe every now and then tho piercing glance of her black eye, or the melody of her full voice, is to shrink before her in willing admiration, and to feel upon tho deep recesses of her soul a thrilling and respons ivo pathos. It would be difficult to imagine a scene of more absorbing interest and loveliness than that of an older daughter, of comely form and graceful man ners; just advanced to tlie stature of womanhood, reading in this way to her father and mother, bro thers and younger sisters, for an entire evening. The individual not enraptured with such a scene must be destitute of taste, and of the power to ap preciate tho human character in its greatest lovli ness. The ordinary amusements of city life, com pared to this, are insipid, to say tho least; and the ability to excel in it denotes a mind of the highest order. Tlie Foreign Policy of the United States. The following preamble and resolution, intro duced in the House of Representatives of our State Legislature by Mr. Clarke; of Stewart, have been adopted almost unanimously : It has been the policy of the American Govern ment from its earliest existence to maintaiu friend ly relations with all, but entangling alliances with none. Our true mission is not to propagate our opinions or impose upon other countries our form of Government by artifice or force; but to show by our success, moderation and justice, the bles sing of self-government, and the advantages of free institutions. Let every people choose for themselves, and make and alter thoir political in stitutions to suit their own condition and circum stances. In proclaiming and adhering to the doctrine of neutrality and non intervention, the United States have not followed tlie lead of other civilized nations, but, have taken the load and been followed by others. These great principles, pro claimed in tho duys of Washington and Jefferson, are the great American principles upon which our government has ever stood. Tlie fame and dis tinction to which we have attained as a people— the great blessings which we have dispensed to the world, in affording an asylum for tlie oppressed every where, forbid that we should, for a moment, cherish tlie idea of abandoning those principles. We sympathise with the oppressed ; we tender them a homo ; but never will we join witli the ambitious or revengeful in a crusade against other nations, however much they may have oppressed their citi zens. A departure from this safe and correct rule would involve the government in endless disputes and endless wars, tlie result of which the wisest statesmanship could not foresee. Our policy should be to observe good faith and justice towards all nations ; cultivate peace and harmony witli all. Against the insidions wiles of foreign influence, the jealousy of a free people ought to be constantly awake; since history and experience prove that' foreign influence is one of tlie most baneful foes of republican governments. In extending our commercial relations, we should have as little political connection as possi ble with foreign nations. Why, by interweaving our destiny witli that of any part of Europe, en tangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rivalsliip, interest, humor or caprice ? Rtsolvfd by tlie Senate and Houso of Represen tatives of the State of Georgia in General Assem bly met, That His Excellency tho Governor be re quested to forward the foregoing declaraton of principles to our Senators and Representatives in the Congress of tho United States, with the request that they may be laid before their respective Houses as the opinions of the people of Georgia as to the policy of our Government; and tliat a copy bo sent also to the President of the United States.’ New Printing Press. —Every few weeks wc aro entertained with some glowing description of some new invention in printing press machinery; some extraordinary discovery which is to work wonders in its way, astonish the world, printers and “the rest of mankind,” by its speed, beautiful work and extreme cheapness. The notice serves as a sort of nine days wonder, passes around the routine of the press, and nothing more is ever heard of the press or the distinguished inventors who are succeeded by some other equally novel and important improve ment. These remarks have been suggested by reading within a few minutes, the following par agraphs, whliieh wc arc inclined to consider rather more speculative than real: Xrtc Kind of Printing Prttt. —Mr. Joel B. Nor throp of Syracuse, has invented a Power Press which will cost only s6*lo. and print 500 impres sions an hour. It has been examined and is higlily eommended. by I). Fanshaw. 11. Ludwig, E. B. Clayton, R. Graighead, John Windt, and Oliver & Bro’thers, of New York, —Thnrlow Weed, and John Munsell, of Albanv, and other eminent mem bers of the craft. It will be seen that the capacity for business and price of this press, must cause it to supersede the ordinary hand press altogether. It is an invaluable desideratum for countiy offices. Mr. Moutague, editor and publisher of the Pitts field “ Eaglr , has invented a power press, on which he now prints his paper. We understand it will print 2,000 sheeta the hour, the forms being fastened in an upright position, and the impression given by a cylinder. It may be worked by steam or hand power, and can be made at a cost 'of #650 for single cylinders, and #750 for double cylinders. Memphis and Charleston Railroad.— Wo learn from Mr. J. Mercer Wright, first assistant engineer on this road, that the contractors have succeeded in their labors as well, if not better than could have been expected from the unfavorableness of the weather for the past month. There are over four hundred laborers now at work in different gangs on the road, and a sub-contractor, who has heretofore not been at work, commences this week, with a gang of fifty, which will make the whole force at work on the fifty miles be tween this citv and LaGrange, between four hundred and fifty aud five hundred men. There are a number of men along the line, through whose property it passes, who are dissatisfied with its location, and are using all their endeavors to oppose and obstruct the men m their work, unless they are paid exorbitant prices for land which in many instances is almost, worthless. —JKsnp/tt* EagU. ' The Boston papers describe a new Bank security, called the Chronometer Lock, now on exhibition m that city. The lock in fastening is set bv a scale at the number of hours required, the door then dosed and cannot be again opened until the time expires, unless the‘work* should stop, in which case it may be unfastened by means of the said improvement, the same not operating at any other time, either to cause the movement to stop or allow tlie door to be opened while it is in operation. AUGUSTA, UA., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 21, 1852. K (Mouth and Cap*. Loag. Among the multiplicity and contradictory state ments from Washington and New York, as to what were the actual personal relations between Koau-nt and Capt. Lons, it is exceedingly difficult, nay, quite impossible, to arrive at truth. Nor indeed do wo consider the subject a matter of sufficient impor tance to authorize the inditing a paragraph, but that we have published a dispatch to the Baltimore Sun, saying K. had actually challenged Capt. L-, bat had subsequently apologized, and thettnatter waa satisfactorily adjusted. The New York Timft, a Freesoil Kossuth organ, denies this statement, and proceeds to give a very different version of tlie affair, as follows: We stated day before yesterday that diligentyri rate use Is constantly made of the dispatches trom Captain Long, Commodore Morgan and Consul Hodge, oiufiie in the Department, to injure Kossuth, and to produce upon the minds of influential per sons the impression that he had conducted himself in an unbecoming manner on board the Mississippi. The Austrian agents at Washington are becoming stimulated into more open movements for the same object. Those dispatches arc, of course, supposed to be kept secret. No common person would be permitted to read them. And yet they have been read, and their contents are known to "the malign ers of Koa&uth. The statement that Kossuth challenged Captain Long is a purs fabrication. We make this denial distinctly and upon reliable authority. Nothing of the sort took plate. We shall see how the Sun's correspondent will meet it. The Herald in this city, having made all it can by glorifying Kossuth and advocating his cause, is now playing its usual unprincipled "game by turn ing againstliim. It gives the following in a letter from Washington: Washington, Thursday, Jan. 5. Previous to Kossuth's arrival in this" country, 1 stated to you that dispatches had been received by thc Government, giving an account of his conduct on board the Mississippi, and which were calcula ted to damage him in the opinion of the people of the United States. With a view, probably, to avoid all appearance of hostility to the Magyar; tlie sub ject was dropped; and, wheu tlie Mississippi ar rived at New York, one of its officers went so far as to denounce, in toto, the injurious imputations. But the subject is now attracting attention here, and there is no donbt Congress will call for all tlie in formation in possession of the President. The most important dispatches are in the State Depart ment, and they consist of communications from Captain Long to Consul Ilotlge, and the Consul's dis patches to the Department. In addition to these, the Xavy Department has on fie dispatches from G/m --ln/xbrre Morgan and Captain Long. These dispatches fully confirm aU the accounts which have been sent from Marseilles by your correspondent, and detail a series of insults on the part if Kossuth and his suite, to the officers of the Mississippi, which nothing but the forbearance of thsse insulted, the peculiar po sition in which they were placed, and the partial apologies of Kossuth, could have prevented from being summarily punished. The Captain, Consul, and others concerned, deserve credit for their mag nanimous forbearance ; and, as an act of justice to them, the correspondence should be called for. Thia is explicit, at all events. We have no doubt that it gives a correct statement of the contents of tlie dispatches referred to. We have no doubt that Consul Hodge wrote to the Department precisely what the attache wrote to this country. We have no doubt that Commodore Morgan, who never saw Kossuth but about au hour in Ills life, wrote to the Department just wiiat Captain Long told him. And we nave no doubt that Captain Long, in his dis patches, did everything in his power to throw the blame of his own misconduct upon Kossuth and his companions. All this was to be expected. The official reports doubtless represent Kossuth in the worst possible light. We hope they will be published, and that speed ily. Let them lie seen by the public, and then we shall soon bring their assertions to the test. Wo repeat; what we have already said, that the charges of misconduct brought against Kossuth arc utterly false: that, on the contrary, he, and his wife, and his companions, were treated by- Captain Long with the utmost disrespect and insolence; that Kossuth, under tho treatment he experienced, and especially smarting under an insult received from Captain Long, declared his intention to leave the ship; and that he was induced to remain only by the remonstrances of the officers, and by an apology from Captain Long. It will bo very easy to say that all this is untrue; the official dispatches will probably convey an entirely different impression. But they are true, nevertheless. The Herald writer talks about insults “ offered by Kossuth and Ids suite to the officers of the Mis sissippi.” Now it is a fact of which evon ho must bo aware, that, with one single exception, Cuptaiu Long was not sustained or countenanced by his officers. They all wrote letters to Kossuth, express ly disavowing all sympathy with the course of Captain Long, and assuring him of their entire respect and confidence. We trust those officers, one or all of them, will take steps to prevent the success of the attempts now in progress to injure them, as well as the illus trious guest whose cause they espoused even against their commanding officer. Let all the facts of the ease he published. They will not only acquit Kossuth of all these slanderous charges made against him, but they will conviot Captain Long of oonduot unbecoming his position, and calculated to reflect gross discredit upon the American service. Arctic Phenomena. In a series of lectures delivered at Washing ton by Dr Kane,, Surgeon of the Grinnol Expedi tion in search of Sir John Franklin, some of the most interesting phenomena observed are thus ad verted to: The Polar XiglU.~- With the cold came dark ness. The long night stole gradually upon our voyagers, and at last the clear heavens" shone out perpetually with unchanging stars. The pole star was so noar ly overhead as to appear in the abso lute zenith and around it the “great vault of hea ven revolved with perpetual twinkle.” At last, however, tlie night passed away, and almost by an immediate transition, day came upon them. ’ Dr. Kane said this short period of alternation, giving them as it did tho familiar day and night of home, was full of painful associations. At this time many peculiar phenomena wero no ticed. Among these stood prominently. Parascalinoe and Lunar Halos. —The moon was obsorved surrounded by two concentric circles, each intersected by luminous bands passing through her disc. Dr. Kane has seen at one time six imitative moons, aping, thougii feebly, the great satellite. The Aurora. —ThiH was not the display, either of color, or illumination, or movement, 'which is seen in more southern latitudes. Dr. Kane men tioned that he had observed the aurora arcs di rectly overhead, nearly coincident with the mag netic meridian. They were then north of the mag netic pole of our eartfi,, and the south polar direc tion was read by tlie compass as north. In other words, their magnetic variation was 180 deg. Parhelia. —Witli the daylight came the parhelia, or mock suns. These, like the parselinw, or mock moons,were full of variety. The lecturer very properly observed tliat it was a sort of profanation to attempt to describe a sky traversed with rain bows and glittering witli imitative suns. Refraction.. —Last of these most interesting dis plays came “refraction that form of it so well Known to us under the name of mirage.” The marvels of this wonderful illusion, although sus tained by the united experience of all Arctic voya gers, surpass the conceptions of the reality. Sara cenic cities glittered in the purples of the low sun light;” ocean steamers fumed in the vibrating dis tance. All these were described with poetic yet truthful force of detail. Naval Preparation. —The Norfolk Herald learns that orders have been issued by the Navy Depart ment at Washington, directing the commanders of tho yards at the several stations to report the cost of repairing and fitting out certain vessels now in ordinary. At tlie Gosport yard, directions have been given to get ready with all possible despatch the U. S. sloops St. Louis and Levant, likewise to examine the U. S. frigate United States, and sloop of war Fairfield, and ascertain what time would be necessary to get them in condition for service. The Herald thinks tliat these are indications that the government is not exactly satisfied with the ex isting state of affairs on the other side of the Atlan tic, and it felt a little apprehension lest it might be involved in some difficulty in the event of a rup ture among the European powers. It is thougnt that Mr. Secretary Graham has acted with becom ing prudence and sagacity, in preparing to meet any contingency tliat mav arise from the bursting of the cloud, already surcharged, on the opposite continent. We have an extended commerce, and every moans should be afforded for ita protection Florida Indians.— lt appears that the Indiaa Chief, Billv Bowlegs, or more properly William B. Legs, is becoming somewhat restless. The St. Augustine Ancient City learns from an authentic source, that he has recently visited Tampa, and called on the commanding officer there to send a force to take or drive in a number of “ out-liers.” He says they wholly refuse to obey his authority, and he expresses fears that they will do mischief and involve his people in trouble. The Ancient City thinks the said William B. is playing a trick of some sort. It places no confi dence in his professions, and believes he is indis posed to emigrate to the West.— Ear. Rep. ArpoixTWENTs bv THE GOVERNOR.—Maj. Lewis Zachary of Newton, Principal Keeper Penitentiary; CoL —— Gholston of Madison county, Book Keep er; Col. P. Fair, Inspector; C. J. Paine. Physician; Elton Starke, Military Store Keeper at Savannah; Benj. Cooke, Military Store Keeper at Milledge ville; Anthony Newson, Captain of State House Guard. Col. Wm. Turke, of Franklin, has been appoint ed by the Principal Keeper, Assistant Keeper of the Penitentiary. W. H. Mitchell, J. U. Horne, and A. H. Kenan, the Commissioners to wind up the affairs of the Central Batik.—.SbuMem Recorder. The wheat crop of Pennsylvania, in 1850, was the greatest in the Union. The returns were as fol lows : Pennsylvania, 15,482.191 bushels; Ohio, 14,957,056; Virginia, 14,516,900; New York, 13,- 078,000; Michigan, 4,918,000; Maryland, 4,494,680. Shipwreck and Lose or Lies. —The brig Al fred and Henrv, of St. John, N. B. : was wrecked on Nantucket Beach, on the 4th instant, and it is supposed all on board, eight in number, perished. The schooner W. T. Dugan, Capt. Garson, 18 dav from New Orleans for this port, is ashore on the Gaston bank; Capt. J. King, pilot, came up in the Charleston boat last evening, for the purpose of procuring a steamer to go to ner assistance. — Sa tannah Repullican. The annual message of Gov. Wood, of Ohio, states that the receipts into the treasury in 1851 amounted to $8,000,098, and the expenditures $2,- 696,869, leaving a balance of #812,699. The State debt amounts to #15,584,893, besides the School and Trusts fnnds, amounting to #1,754,832. Items. The General Government is building a Floating Dry Dock in New 1 ork to be sent to San Francis co, Cal. VST A company is being established in Mobile, under a charter from the Legislature of AlaWn. to insure live stock. There has been a great freshet at Albany, N. Y. on the Ist inst., and the water rose very nearly aa high as it did in the great freshet of 1888. Canrass-back Ducks have lately been taken to England by the editor of the Albany Evening Jour nal. Ducks shot in the Chesapeake Bay on the 21st day of November, weTe, on the 7th December, gra cing the best tables in London, having travelled three thousand six hundred miles. So much for steam and ice. Most of the passengers that left New Orleans in the steamship Philadelphia, <•» rout« for California, were women and children—the families of gold dig gers who had gone before. Thb Population op Boston.— By Dr. Chicker ing’s recent pamphlet, wo perceive that 48-73 per cent, of the inhabitants of Boston are foreigners, or immediate descendants qf foreigners, and 54-27 per cent., or a little more than one half, of American origin. The females exceed the inales by 6644. Five-sixths of the foreign population (foreigners and their children) are Irish. Os the Americans, so oalled, 1-50 per cent, are colored. The children of foreigners are more numerous than American children, in proportion to the whole of each class of the population. The Americans have decreased 2-27 per cent, since 1845. For the present, all foreign newspapers are for bidden in Hungary. No passports of any kind, on any pretence, are granted for Hungary, and it is thus shut up from the knowledge of the rest of Europe os much as China or Japan. The Austrian newspapers are, moreover, forbidden to refer to any movements of the imperial family without authority. The breaking up of the ice recently at Cincinna ti, caused great destruction of property. The Forest Divorce Cask.—The New York pa pers still continue the report of this case, publish ing, day after day, columns of the most prurient and indelicate details which are entirely unfit for the perusal of virtuous females, and disgusting even to men whom contact with the world and its rices have rendered less scrupulous. In the words of the editor of the Columbus Times : “ e are noither saint, prude nor preacher.— kVe make no pretentions to excessive dolicacy—but we have a natural sense of decency which belongs to every honest hearted and well bred man, which wc must painfully shocked by the unnecasarv exposure to the public gaze, of scenes,real or false, which every deccht man should aid to hide under an impenetrable veil of oblivion. “There is no greater enemy to society—there is no greater brute in human form*—no vileror unho li*i' viper, than the editor who prostitutes his tal ents and the mighty power of the press to the dis semination of the seeds of impurity and vice fn the community, and to the gorging of the greedy appe tites of the already vioious. He is a pimp and a pi rate, and should be the Bcorn or every honest man. k\ illiam Oliver, Postmaster at Cincin nati, died at that city on the 2Sth ultimo. Two thousand gallons of New England rum were poured into the gutter of Calais, Maine, the other day. The American Navy embraces, In all, 75 vessels of war. They sell the “fluid extract of apples” instead of cider, now, in Maine, in order to evade the liquor law. Jenny Lind leaves this country for Europe in the Atlantic, on the 2Sth inst. Another polar expedition in quest of Sir John Franklin, will leave England in April. Women are formed for attachment. Theirgrati - tude iB unimpeachable. Thoir love is an unceasing fountain of delight to the man who has once attain ed, and who knows how to deserve it. Punch says, “Louis Napoleon is a school-mas ter, who finding that young France has got his sum all wrong, has made him rub it dean out and begin over again.” A Charleston Clergyman discoursing about the respective occupations of Cain and Abel, (says the Southern Gazette,) very quaintly said—“ They were both workers. Adam had no room on his premi ssb for gentlemen of leisure." “Since Time,” says Gofche, “is not a person we can overtake when he is past, let us honor him with mirth and cheerfulness of heart while he is pass ing. Oliver W. Holmes, in one of his poems, says— “ And I never heard a hearty laugh from out a vill ain’s throat.” We had supposed that the “hen fever,' 1 in its in tensity, was mostly confined to onr Boston Friends, but the following seems to indicate that the passion for the ‘biddies’ is spreading into the ‘rural dis tricts :’ An honest old lady in tho country, when told of her husband’s death, exclaimed—“ Well, Ido de clare, our troubles never come alone 1 It ain’t a week siuco I lost my best lien, and now Mr. Hop per has gone too, poor man 1” New York, Jan. 12.—The schr. Mary C. Ames arrived yesterday from Porto Rico, and reports that a small brig belonging to Havana, having on board a large number of men, was captured off Cabo Rogue, by the officers of that place, under the suspicion that she was intended for piracy. After the capture the captain was not found, and the mate attempted to destroy himself by cutting his throat. The brig was tAken into Mayaguex on the 18th of December. The crew were put in prison. Tho government is investigating the mat ter. A Sad Occurrence.— Mr. Wm. J. Craft, Esq., a highly respectable and much esteemed citizen of Elbert county, Georgia, was accidentally killed last Wednesday' evening, by the discharge of his shot gun. He liaa fired one barrel at a duck, and was reloading it, when the breech of the gun slid, and the cock of the loaded barrel sriking a rock, went off—th 3( whole load entering Just below the cap of his knee, and ranging up his thigh, it is supposed entered his bowels. lie survived but a few hours. He was a man of about twenty-seven years of age, and universally respected for bis strict honesty and uprightness of character. He has left a widow and three children, with numerous friends, who deeply mourn the sad calamity.— Anderson Gazette. The Outrage on the Prometheus. —The British Admiral has ordered the brig of war Express from San Juan to Kingston, in order to investigate the commander's conduct in relation to firing into the steamer Prometheus at San Juan. The steamer Saranac, Commodore Parker, had only just arrived at San Juan on the morning the steamer Daniel W ebster sailed, to demand an ex planation of the outrage on the Prometheus, and nothing had transpired as to the course he intend ed to pursue. The greatest excitement is, howev er, Baid to have prevailed, and the authorities were in great tribulation, fearing that he would take summary vengeance on them for the act of their English friends. A case of considerable importance has rocently been adjudicated upon by the Supreme Court of Michigan. It is that of Williams vs. the Michigan Central Railroad Company. It was an action brought by the plaintiff to recover damages for horses which were killed by being run over, while straying on the highway. In the course of the opinion the whole subject of domestic animals straying on a highway was examined with great care; many legal points hitherto popularly held to be doubtful are clearly elucidated, and while the decision is against the plaintiff, on the score that his horses were trespassing, it is ably proved that no animals have the right of living on the public ways unless the township owns a bona fide com mon, and has legally given permission for its use. We understand from the Washington Republic that Senor Don Luis de la Rosa, whohae for several ▼ears past been accredited to the Government as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Mexican Republic, took leave of the Presi dent on Saturday the 10th inst., prior to his return ing to his own countiw. which he is compelled to do, in consequence of ill health. Complimentary speeches pawed on both sides on the occasion. We perceive that the President of the United States, after a careful examination of the vouchers, directed $5,000,000 of the United States Stock, be ing one-half of the Texas issue, to be transferred to Mr. Shaw, Comptroller of that State. With re gard to the remaining $5,000,000, the Secretary of the Treasury will await the further action of Con gress befere any thing further is done. Overhauled.— Those absconding Negroes ac companied by a white man, “referred to in this pa per of the 2nd inst.) were overhauled by their own ers, Messrs. Calhoun and Storey, after a hot and spirited chase through Alabama, Tennessee, and Kentucky. The white man proved to be a young fellow by the name of Howard, from North Carols na, who had been working in onr town during some portion of the past veer at the carpenter* trade. At Decatur, Ala. he sold one of the boy*, pocketed the money, and provided him with a pass tojoin him and the other boy at Tnacnmbia. Learn ing, however, in the mean time, that he was hotly pursued, Howard abandoned the other boy and made tradu for hi* own safety in the direction of Illinois, through Tennessee and Kentnckv. By the aid ofthe telegraph the progress of the vUlkn «u cut short off at Southland, Ky. near the mouth ofthe Cumberland, within a few hundred yards of the State of Illinois. He is now in jail subject to the requisitions of the Executive ofthe State—ell done too, without the owners of the negroes ever seeing the scoundrel, or being within hundreds of miles of him. We wish the young man a speedy re treat within our Penitentiazr, and plenty of good hard work, and hard usage for his pains of endeav oring to defraud honest men out of their property. The owners returned to this place with their ne groes, on Tuesday morning last.— Xetenan Banner. AGRICULTURAL. From the London Plough. FATTENING CATTLE. A DISSERTATION ON THE PHILOSOPHY OP FATTEN ,JNG CATTLE. Next to understanding properly the chemical an alysis of soils, the application or proper manures, and the crops which should be grown from the land by proper tillage, there are but few subjects more deserving the attention of the practical agriculturist than a knowledge of the proper connection which exists and should bo duly preserved between the members of the animal ana vegetable kingdom.— As I observed in my lectures on the “ Philosophy of Agriculture,” so may I now repeat, man is an omniverous animal—he is destined Dy the Almighty who has so created his masticatory and digestive organs that he can live and flourish under a com pound diet of animal and vegotable food; we are also told, by Divine authority, that “ man shall not live upon broad aloneconsequently, as it is ne cessary that be should have rcconsse to substances of a different nature to use in combination, so is it equally of paramount importance that ho should direct his care, skill, knowledge, and attention to the management of cattle, so that they should be able to afford him the greatest possible amount of nutritous food, and at tho least possible expense in money to himself, and waste or loss, or both, in the preparation of the same. It is niv intention in tho present lecture to make a few observations on this subject, to show you the wisdom that experience has taught us, and Which I have drawn from many sources, the results of the labors of practical men. To some 1 may have the pleasure of addressing the theme I shall discuss may appear novel, white I doubt not that many who are'liere present will be able to confirm many of the truths which I shall utter. The existing link between animals and vegetables forms one of the most beautiful chains in nature, and one which cannot be dissolved; it is one of the greatest value to the praotical farmer, because it so materially affects his operations in the breeding, rearing, and foeding his cattle. In considering this subject philosophically, we must first of all examine what are the substances whieh enter into the office of nutrition, and ascer tain by what means, as far as our limited knowledge extends, nourishment is afforded to the aninml.— Tho vegetables upon which not only cattle but our selves are fed consist of two portions, viz: an or ganic and an inorganic; and. upon instituting a chemical analysis, we find that tho inorganic is chiefly composed of a considerable quantity of wa ter, much carbonic acid in combination with the salts of ammonia, and nitric acid; the inorganic portion is entirely derived from tho soil from which they grow, and the science of chemistry informs us that it consists almost entirely of saline constitu ents and earthy particles, whieh, upon incineration or burning, constitute the ashes of the plants. I refer you to what I stated in my lecture on the “ Philosophy of Agriculture ” as to the manner in which these particles are absorbed by the plants, and which you will find published in Nos. 1 and 2 of “ The Plow,” detailed at length; but I may here briefly remark that these substances are taken into the texture of the vegetable by means of tho leaves and roots, which, under the chemical action and influence of the light from the sun, arc decom posed—the oxygen becoming returned to the at mosphere which originally gave it; while the ele ments of water, with the carbon, unite to form starch, siigar, gmn, or woody fibre, and with the elements of ammonia or nitric acid constituting al bumen, casein, or gluten. Thus the plant derives its food almost entirely from the inorganic king dom, while the animal, on the contrary, from its anatomical conformation, can only exist upon or ganic matter. During tho present century, such great discove ries have been made in tho science of organic chem istry, particularly bv the discoveries of the late Sir Humphrey Davy, Dr. Edward Turner, Professor Brande, Drs. Faraday and Gregory, and last, though not the least, that of Baron Justus Liebig, of Gies sen—to which tnay be added the labors of a risiug young chemist. Dr. Lyon Playfair—that much val uable knowledge has been imparted to the philo sophical and agricultural world, upon the physiol ogy of animal life, and the manner by which the system is nourished and supported. * We now, therefore, can well comprehend why one species of diet is found to possess a greater quantity of nourishment than another—why the in habitants of the frozen regions of the north, as 1 have seen in the persons of the Esquimaux and Greenlanders, should require great quantities of train-oil with his daily food. And why i His sto mach will digest the rancid flesh and blubber from their rancid whales and seals, while the same species would not only be disgusting to us but actually prove both physically and mentally injurious to the inhabitants of moro congenial and warmor climates. Wo also understand from the same source how it is that we cannot feed animals or exist ourselves upon a diet wholly composed of sugar, starch, gum, or gelatine; and yet, although we cannot live upon any of these substances, yet, when they are all pro perly combined, strange as it may appear to some, it is of all these materials, when properly united, that our daily food is composed. The great office of chemistry, as applied to this department of hu man knowledge, is to point out tho peculiar wants of animal bodies, and now these are duly supplied in the food we and they daily consume. Anatomy informs us that, like the vegetable, an animal body is composed of two portions; tho organic particle's form a considerable portion of the flesh or softer tissues of the body ; and also an inorganic portion, whioh Professor Berzelius, of Stockholm, Guy Lns sae, Vauquellin, Thenard, and Fourcroy, with Dr. Magendie, of Paris, and other experimental chem ists, have demonstrated also to constitute a small portion of the softer parts ; but it is in the bones, which constitute the skeleton, that they are princi pally found; and these are directly derived in the hertivora (or vegetable-feeding animals) from the vegetable diet upon which they subsist, while the carnivora (or flesh-eating tribes) obtain it indirect ly from the blood and flesh of the herbivorous an imals upon which they prey. These remarks naturally lead us to a proper consideration of those substances which form chiefly the food of those animals whieh are bred, reared and supported by the former either for agri cultural labor or as food for man,'and in many oases for both—strange to say, thev are principally her bivorous in their nature. Examine chemically, therefore, any article which they consume—no matter whether it is wheat, beans, cabbage, carrots, or turnips—we shall soon find that, besides water, it has gum, sugar, starch, and a considerable quan tity of woody fibre, in union with a small portion of a fatty matter ; all these constituents, as I ob served in my former lectures, will be found to be composed only of three clemonts, viz: oxygen, carbon and hydrogen, which exist combined in nearly the same proportions. But wc likewise find that there arc many other substances contained in vegetables which contain nitrogen, and this is in •addition to those elements which compose starch, gum,<fcc., and are known to the chemist by the appel lations of gluten, vegetable albumen, and casein. No w if we take a small quantity of tine wheaten flour, mix it with water into a paste, and well wash it up on a sieve, by pouring a stream of cold water over it while it ia kneaded with the hand, all the sugar, starch, and gum will pass away through the sieve with the water, and the substance left behind will resemble bird-lime, being of an equally tenacious nature; this is, therefore, the gluten which tho wheat contained; and when dried, the water whiali it possessed being evaporated, it resembles horn, being a hard, brittle mass, and if burnt it emits a similar unpleasant effluvia to burnt hqyn, feathers, or other animal matter. The gluten which is obtained from peas, beans, or the fibrin and vegetable albumen procured from the expressed juices of the carrot, turnip, or cab bage, all possess analogous properties to those found in wheat, with this exception, that they are all soluble in cold water, whereas the gluten which is obtained from wheat is not. If we submit these substances to the test of chemical analysis, we speedily discover them to be all comqosed of the same constituents, and also that they arc likewise identically the samo as those composing the flesh and blood of animals generally; but you muat please to hear in mind that this remarkable identi ty does not consist in their containing azote or ni trogen in combination with oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen, in the same or nearly the same propor tions as in animal flesh and blood, but it extends to the existence of a small quantity of sulphur and phosphorus, which is found to be associated with the muscular flesh forming one of the soft tissues of the animal. Hence we may very properly as sert, as a physiological axiom, that the nesh and blood are, by the Great Author of Nature, found actually ready prepared and elaborated in the ve getable. The plant it is whieh elaborates and duly prepares all the elements of water, carbonic acid, ana ammonia, which constituent particles are found to be identically, the same as tnc muscular animal flesh; consequently, the animal has nothing more to do than to apply them to his own use for the purposes of nutrition, secretion, and the vivi fication of life. The following table, adopted bv mv talented friend, Professor Gyde, of Painswick, will give the reader an idea of the actual identity of composition existing between these substances': TABLE i. Elements Gluten I Casein' Ox Ox from Flour. from Peas. Blood. FI ell i. Oxygen 22.4 23.0 23.0 22.2 Hydrogen... 7.5 | T. 2 7.2 7.5 Carbon 54.2 54.1 54.3 54.1 Nitrogen.... 15.9 | 15. 9 15.8 15.7 Every animal body momently undergoes some physiological change ; every motion, thought, and action is of coarse performed at the expense of some, and many of almost every part of the body ; these incessant alterations and action cause the gTeat demand for food, which Nature constantly requires to repair the waste that is continually taking place. You may speedily ascertain the truth ofthis fact, by noticing its illustration in those animals, which* have long been kept without food, or had but a scanty supply, or where it did not possess sufficient nutritious properties; and al so in those animals whieh have undergone great exertion and bodily fatigue, when contrasted with those but little fatigued, and whose food was good in quality and sufficient in quantity. The fine horses formerly attached to our well appointed coaches, before the construction of railroads and the employment of giant steam power, and which vehicles will ere long only be remembered by being recorded in the pages of history among the phenomena that nave been and are i passed away—the fine horses I have named were | almost exclusively fed upon oats and beans, which < are two of the most nutritious kinds of all species i of vegetable food ; while, oil the other hand, those i horses performing but a small amount of laborious < work will supply the natural waste of their bodies i from the verv small comparative quantity of glut- < en which is to be contained in hay or clover, or i both* s I have already informed you that the food of das- i sea of animals consists of two kinds of distinct spe- t cies of matter, viz.: the one which possesses a great < proportion of azote or nitrogen as one of its pnnci- , pal constituents, and winch the table I have refer- ( ed to tells us is identified with the blood and mus cular flesh of the animal; the other portion is des- < titute of nitrogen, but consists of gum, starch, sn- ( gar and woodv fibre. Now, every one of these ■ different materials answers two quite distinct but , very important puiposes in the economy of ani- j mat body. The fibre, or the nitrogenous eonstitu- i ents, supply the waste which has occurred in the i fluid* and tissues of the body, and, aa Dr. Magen- < VOL. LXVL-NEW SERIES VOL. XVI.-NO. 3. die very properly states. may justly be termed the elements of nutrition ; the last, which are the nou nitrogenous portion, act, if l may apply the ex pression, os fuel for the combustion in the lungs, in order to keep up the due supply of animal heat and under some peculiar ciroumstances also will contribute to the formation of fat. Those elemeuta may likewise be arranged under two great heads, viz.: those which arc necessary to the function of nutrition, and those affecting that of respiration. 1 respectfully call your attention to the following table wherein they are exemplified : Table ii. 1. Elements of nutrition. 2. Elements of respiration. Gluten, Gum. Albumen. _ Starch. Casein. Sugar. Flesh, or muscular fibre. Oil or fat. Blood. Alcohol. The elements of nutrition (No. 1) must of necessity exist in combination with every substance experience has tunght us to be capable of sup plying food to the animal; but, ere it can impart tho nutritions properties, numerous important me chanical aud chemical changes must undergo, ere it can take place. The grand proeers of digestion must be performed—by which I mean the manner by which the nutrient particles may be rendered soluble, and not only capable of entering but even of forming new blood. A brief detail of tho man ner in which this is performed may not be unin teresting to some of my present auditory It is ac complished in the following manner: the food when received into the mouth is broken down by the teeth, where it becomes mixed with the saliva, which is secreted by the glands that arc situated near tho angle of the jaw, and beneath the tongue ; when the process of mastication is completed, tho morsel is collected into a ball at tho base of the tongue, and by the act of the degluti tion or swallowing it is carried past the pharynx into the wsophagus or gullet, down wliich it pusses into the stomach, where it enters at the cardiac or ifice; it remains there for a short time according to tlie nature both of the animal and the food it has partaken of (in man it is supposed to be about two hours.) The chemical and mechanical action that now takes place is technically called, in physiologi cal language, the process of ctymifusition ; when this is perfected, the orifice at the opposite extremity (de nominated the pylorus) becomes diluted, and the chyme posses into the first of the small intestines, and anatomically named the quodenum, where it becomes mixed with the bile from the liver, and the fluid from the pancreas, or sweet-bread. This being accomplished, tho process, chyliflcation now commences—a series of small, minute vessels, named lacteals, whose mouths open on the mu cous (or villous) coat of the bowel or intestine, which absorbs the nutritious portion of the food (which resembles milk in appearance, bunco it is named chyle.) This fluid, being conducted by nu merous branches, passes into one great reservoir, called the thoracic duct, which ends in a large vein near the heart (the left subclavian,) and there it is mixed with the blood j but, being loaded with carbon, which is inimical to the due preserva tion of human life, the blood passes from the heart to the lungs, where it becomes oxygenized and fit for all the purposes of the animal economy. The non-nutritious portion, from which the chyle has been extracted, passes through tho last of the small intestines (the jejunum) into the whole course of the larger part of the alimentary canal—viz.: the cfficnm, colon, and rectum, and from tho lust they are finally ejected from the body—ultimately again to re-onter it in another form, in consequenoe of its forming manure, aud therefore affording food for plants in the manner detailed in my former lectures. But independent of the simple fact that the sa livary fluid, when commixed with the food, renders the digestion of the aliment far more easy, yet Baron Liebig imagines that it posseses tho peculiar offices of enclosing and combining air, in the form of froth ; tho oxygen wliich it contains eiitors into union with the constituents of the food, while the nitrogen is again evolved through the medium of the lungs and skin ; this philosopher is likewise of opinion that, in many of the herbivorous quad rupeds, their rumination (as the oxen aud sheep, for example) has for one of its principal objects a complete renewal with tho repeated introduction #f pure oxygen into the animal’s stomach ; and that, unless tins take place, the function of rumination cannot be duly perfected in the stomach. I have given you a brief outline of tlio manner in which digestion is accomplished, but in doing so I omit ted to observe that attached to the mucous or vil lous coat of the stomach are a series of minute glunds, which secrete what is denominated the gastric juice or fluid, and wliioh, among other mat ters, contains a quuntity of pure mucous, in combi nation with a small quantity of free hydrochloric or muriatic acid (called in common language spirits of salts.) with a peculiar principle known to chem ists under the appellation of pepsin, and whioh has been confirmed by Dr. Sylvester, of Olapliara, to be in itself a most active and virulent poison, but whose noxious properties are chemically neu tralized in the stomach and intestines during the function of digestion. 1 have stated that hydrochloric acid is always present in the stomach, and particularly so during the digestive process ; for tlio discovery of this curious but important chemical faot we arc indebt ed equally to M.Tiedman Ginelin (of Germany)and Dr. Trout, of London. Tlhb acid may he artificial ly obtained by the decomposition of chloride of sodium, or common table salt (wliich iB only a combination of pure muriatic acid and soda ;) the acid is of great service in promoting the function of digestion in the stomacn, while the sods, as an alkali, copiously enters into the formation of bile. Thus it is that a certain proportion of salt is neces sary to digestion in every species of animals, at least as far as our knowledge extends in the classes of quadrupeds and birds j and although chemistry tells us that it is an essential ingredient in the burnt ashes of the vegetables, yet we very rarely find it existing in a sufficient quantity to form a regular supply of either in the acid or soda which is re quired for the due performance of the function of healthy digestion ; and, therefore, not only should we ourselves partake of a certain quantity daily with onr own food, but should place some within the reach of both birds and cattle under our man agement in tho farms we are connected with. Na ture is the philosopher’s best monitor, and the scientific farmer cannot do better than to obey her axioms. We find that all classes of animals have, if 1 may use the expression, an instinctive love for salt, and seek for it as for a portion of their di urnal food. It is well known that the pigeon tribe of birds, if they cannot obtain it elsewhere, will even have resource to the mortar which cements the bricks of houses together ; thhey have been fre quently known to fly to the seacoast in order to Erocure it; and pigeon fanciers, who are not so quest ns to mind borrowing their neighbors’ birds; will allure them by means of what is known as a salt cake, placed in or near the dove-cote, wherein muriate of soda forms an essential ingredient; this nefarious practice is now forbidden, very properly, by an act of Parliament, which awards a punisn ment of seven years’ transportation upon convio tion; it however confirms the important physio logical fact I have just noticed. In the ruminating tribe of the class Mammalia, as the ox and the sheep, the Important process of digestion differs but little from that which I have stated, and whose stomachs ure of the simplest construction, being little else than a mere mem braneous bag ; but in the Ruminantia , we find their stomachs considerably more complicated, in order that they may bo enabled to extract the due proportion of nourishment whioh they require trom the food which they eat; as in the case of grass’ byway of example, which wo And by chemical investigation contains but very little nourishment in proportion to the bulk. Let us now philosophize for a moment and see the manner in which the ox and those of his class perform the functions of mastlgation and digestion. In these creatures the grass is cropped from the sur face of the eartli by means of the fore teeth, and aftor being but very slightly masticated, is swal lowed ; this process continues until the first stom ach is filled’* when the animal lies down apparently not well and perfectly contented : but it is now the curious process of rumination commences. In the first stomach, the food is mixed with a secreted fluid not dissimilar to the saliva, and in a kind of semi-pulpy mass it is returned into the mouth, in small detached portions, where perfect mastication takes place, ana during this process the animal is in a recumbent position: aftor tho second and per fect mastication is completed, tho food posses into the second stomaoh, denominated by comparative anatomists onuitum ,• from this it posses into the third stomach, the abomntum ;in those last two, it undergoes very important changes, and whence it passes into the fourth or really true stomach. It is in this last portion of the "curious but compli cated species of apparatus, that the function of ii eestion is ultimately and perfectly performed: and the last processes of extracting the nutriment from the food are exactly similar to that which I have described occurring in man and those animals having simple membraneous stomachs. The vital fluid of all animals is commonly denominated the blood, in which, as Holy Writ truly observes. “* life," this fluid either is formed from vegetables, as in the herbivora, or from flesh, ns in the carnivora yet in both tribes of animals the composition and essential constituents are the same, both in their physical effects upon the system, and ns portrayed by chemical analysis. We find it circulating throughout not only the principal organs in the Ii ving animal, but by means of vessels as fine as the hu man hair : so extremely delicate are they tliat they will not admit the thicker coloring particles of the blood itself; yet the properties which the blood possesses are most surprising ; it replenishes the fluids and solids which are diminished by the waste, wear and tear of the body ; it places osse ous or bony matter in the skeleton for its growth and support; forms fleshy fibres for soft muscu lar tissue, by which the motions of the body are performed ; and from the blood are all the different bodily secretions which are necessary for th« heal thy existence of the animal secreted and perform ed'; the blood supplies carbon to the lungs for keeping up the animal heat, with fat and. oily fluids deposited in the softer tissues as well as in the very substances of the bones themselves, as a store from which nature can extr.ict a due supply when ne cessity compels her ; lastly, the blood is the true moving power by which the whole animal machine is put into motion, just as steam is to the steam engine, and coals as fuel to the fire. ■ As far as I have proceeded, I have only spoken of that part of the food from which animal flesh is naturally formed: i. e., the gluten extracted from the vegetable, the albumen, and the oosein; my self-imposed task, however, is not yet com plete. I have now to take into consideration the offices which are fulfilled by the sugar, starch gum, oil, or fat, which we And, by examination! constitute so large a proportion of the food of man, and the principal of the lower orders of animals. Now, we find from observation that every animal has a temperature above that of the atmosphere; and physiologists have denominated it the animal heat, which, in those animals domesticated by man, is found to be, on an average, about 100 deg. of Fahrenheit’a ther mometer—in man it is about 70 deg., and we find that it continues much the same under every kind of circumstances, whether we live beneath a tropi cal sun, a more temperate region, or the frozen dimes of the north. The animal heat originates in the bodv; it is created by the chemioal combination, or, if I may employ the term, tbs oombustion of the elements which enter into the formation of staroh, with tho other non-nitrogenous constituent particles of the food, united with the oxygen of the air, which is received into the lungs during the frinction of in spiration ; and likewise by a portion thatisabsorb ed through the skin. 1 Upon examining the atmospheric air wliich we breathe, we find, upon submitting it to a chemical analysis, that it is composed of twenty-one parts of nitrogoiij with so small a quantity of carbonic acid : gas that its amount cannot bo calculated in a given 1 quantity of air; yet of course an immense propor -1 lion must exist, for it is supposed tliat the fttnvw ' phere extends forty-five nnlos at least in height, and presses at the ratio of fifteen popnds upon r square inch; this was discovered by Torri i Mill and Galileo in the seventeenth century. However, when the air we have inspired lias been expelled from the body, we find that it lias under - • gone but little if any change; tho oxvgcn, however, has disappeared, and been replaced by an equablo quantity of carbonic acid gas, with a small quantity o: vW ieous ''»P°r; the proportion of animal heat which attends this cliemical change is consequent upon tlio amount of carbon and hydrogen wliich is consumed. The heat which is thus produced is i occasioned by exactly the same chemical action as that which oauses the combustion of wood in a Btove, or the fat of a lan:q or candle, and the pro duct of which are exactly the same; the carbon and t the hydrogen of tho food combine with the oxygen i that is supplied by the atmosphere, and heat ia ' generated in the body in proportion to the quanti l ty which is consumed. In the stove or lamp the i same changes take place, the fuel being composed of similar elements entering into tho composition of the food; and tlio results of the combustion aro precisely the same, the combination being less cu i ergetic In the body than in the stove or lamp, ' Now, how is it in man ? In a still-grown adult, if we take the weight of the carbon which is dis ongaged in the excretions, from tho we'ght of tho carbon contained in the food that is consumed dur ing the tweenty-four hours, we shall noon find that the remainder will amount to somewhere about fourteen ounces, and this is assimilated with the component parta of the body; the weight of which, however, does not increase, for it is a well known philosophical axiom, that fourteen ounces of carbon will require thirty-soven ounces of oxygen* for its transformation into carbonic acid, which passes off from the lungs and skin. Thus, in this simple manner, we oan easily comprehend how it is that the enormous quantity of oxygen which is intro duced into tho animal body by the progress of in spiration, and the great proportion of carbon which is derived from the food cousmnod, are re moved from the body; and likewise how it is that the food required for supporting tho animal in its normal condition is in exact proportion to the quan tity of oxygen that is absorbed. Now. we find that a horse oonsumes daily, in liia food, upon an average, eighty-nine ounce's of puro carbon, and a cow seventy ounces; tlio former requires 212 and a half ounces, the latter 186 and a half ounces of oxygon, in order to transform the consumed car bon into carbonic acid. I hare alroady stated tliat, in addition to the constituents which 1 have named, the vegetable is found upon cliemical analysis to contain a small quantity or fatty matter in addition to the earthy and salino substances of which it is composed. The question is now to bo answered. What are the purposes which they answor in the animal economy ? Every animal that is in a state of sound health has a layer of fat. whioh is situa ted between the skin and the muscles, and likewise between the muscles tkemselvos, by which means they have great freedom of motion. Fat is also de posited in the body of the animal, particularly in the neighborhood of the bowels, also attached to a portion of them, and enveloping the kidneys (where it is vulgarly called by butchers the suet.) In the camivoni or flesh-eating auimsils, the fat which is contained in tho food they eat is consum ed in the lungs for the purpose of preserving the aer quantity of animal heat, ana consequently ese creatures we but very rarely find the body •of the carnivorous animal to contain much fut. M. Darwhij in his Journal of Researches into tho Na tural History of the Countries visited during tlis voyage of the Beagle, informs ns that tho Gauchos, °. r ®‘ K )pl e countrymen in the Pampas, South Ame rica, lived for months together upon flesh, but he observed that they ate large quantities of fat; and Dr. Richardson, in speaking of these people, lias also remarked “that, when they havo fed for a long time solely upon leun animal food, the desire for fat becomes so insatiable that they consume a large quantity of unmixed mid even oily fat w ith out nausea." This instinctive desiro for fat in mau and animals living on flesh arises from the imperative demands which are daily made upon the body for carbon to keep up the propor amount of animal heat, and which is contained in tho l'at tliat is consumed as an article of diet. Thug fur in the omnivorous and carnivorous ani mals; but in the herbivorous creatures it is widely different. The supply to the lungs is derived from the starch, sugar, and gum in tho vegetable, while the fat which exists in the food is in a great mea sure laid up as fat in tho animal body; therefore it is tliat we find the bodies of the herbivorous quad rupeds generally much futter than the curnlvora. But if the supply of the starch in tlio food is inad equate to the demands of respiration, then the elements of the fat become consumed in tlio lungs, exactly as it is in the carnivorous animal; tho su gar, gum, and starch become speedily transformed into aqueous vapor and carbonio acid in tho animal system; these are the first consumed; ami, iftiiis supply proves to be inadequate for the purpose re quired, then the fat, next the fat of the auiinul body, and finally the tissues themsolves, aro placed under contribution, the animal beoomiug thin, feoblc, and emaciated, and ultimately dying from starvation. *We should here observe that the lecturer exhibited draw ings of the stomach, aa found in both tribes of animals.— Ed. Plow. ♦One ounce of oxygen equals 1416.5 cubic inches. [ Communicated.] A National Literature. Cioebo lias said something to this effect. Tho praise of one’s relatives redounds to one’s own , honor. An apothegm uttered by a man fully as shrewed as eloquent—which should be written in letters of gold, if not over our door-ways; at least, upon the backs of all our books, and especially for tlie benefit of those shallow reaftonors who esti mate the worth of such productions by degreos of latitude rather than by degrees of excellence, and account politics the only infallible guide to their judgment. The writer of this paragraph is not more interested in the subject than others who have a mind to foster good taste in letters, and spend moments of relaxation or idloness here and thore in pleasant reading. It is a good Riga by which guests of polite attainments are repoatedly influenced by the finding of a magazine or two of standard worth on one’B library or parlor table. Various minds require different literary food, how ever. Bportinggentlemen and ‘flash’clerks on leave, affect the ‘spirit;’ others, resigning themselves to the benefit of a great moral wrong, cultivate a trans atlantic taste in letters. But to a conservative peo ple, of all magazines, those should most commend themselves which possess leust of the mushroom characteristics of literature, and already enjoy the rare stamp of a comparative antiquity. From time to time a singular tottise has, neverthe less, prevailed at the South, os most of us well know. An Agent, with his subscription book in hand, ready to enrol yonr name among those of more facile patriots, importunes you for a fee in the name of an exclusive Southern Literature 1 Mechanical enterprise invariably results in benefit to any country or section of country, however sharp the avowed competition with foreign industry, and rather in just proportion to it than otherwise; but it may be gravely questioned whethor antagonism in literature is not prejudioal to ail interests, and most of all, to the reader’s. When we possess here in Georgia, or Carolina, a better, or as good a ma gazine as olsewhere,we may afford to make that ex clusively the vehicle of our amusement or instruc tion. In the meantime, letmerit, and not the mere accidont of geographical position, constitute a claim upon the patronage of all just thinkers. If this slightappeal should chance to fall under the eyes of such, tho present writer cannot o mit putting in a word for an old favorite, which stands foremost among American Magazines, as a well edited, well printed prototype (but not sub ordinate) of Blackwood in America; and which, to its prior recommendations, now adds the clenching one of reduction inprice—from five dollars to three —though the material is surely worth the former sum in type, seeing that it is not purloined from the pockets or brains of our English neighbors, but is thoroughly fresh and national. ‘Allah is Allah —there is only one God, and Mahomet is his proph et,’ and so there U only One Literature, and tho Knickerbocker is surely its best organ. * The Louisville Journal speaks of “CnovaaNoox," a new work by Alicb Cabiv, aa follows: Miss Cabby’s sketches are of a different cast. They are sweet and quiet pictures of pastoral life, partaking perhaps rather too much of the darker shades, in which are mingled sadness and death, but still very graphic in description and lovely in thought, In glowing language and chaste sentiment, Miss Cabbt abounds; snd, from her many apt quotations, seems to have a memory stored with poetical tree/ ores. Her own prose is also highly poetical; and some parts are so Ailed to overflowing with tliat sim ple and touching beauty that finds its way into tlie heart that we oannot forbear copying a few senten ces from the sketch entitled light and Shade : whioh lie among the shadows of life, the brightest is love, and the love of little children, perhapa, has the sweetest shine of aIL Os such love, 1 am thinking to day, or rather of one suob, for it is notofmany, but of one that I muse—one being, whose life now is only a heauti tul memory ; for long years the dismal autumn rains liave beaten down the blossoms on her grave. ***** “It is June now, and all day the birds sing to her their artless songs. But the window of her narrow house is covereJ thick with dust, and she does not hear. The white violets fringe the green ooverletthit is over her, but her little hands are not unfolded to gather them any more ; and when morning slants rosily over her, saying, Wake ! It is day, she does not star-, but with the golden curls drooping over her pillow, sleeps on just the same. In the morn ing of the resurrection she will wake; and Thou, who, ere the thorns were put off from thy forehead for the glory, didst take little children in thy arms and bless them, moke her thine, for in the world she had the beauty thou hast given to thine an gels.” Steam Ship Palmetto.—Th'w vessel left her wharf yesterdav, at 2 o’clock, P. M. proceeded over th» bar, and’there was every appearance of her inakv.ig an expeditious passage. It was discovered, how ever, tliat there was some derangement of her ma chinery, and it was deemed prudoo* to return within the harbor. Home of the pv *erurers came up to town last evening, about 0 o’clock, and in formal ua that she will be up to the city by thin morning’s early tifo.— Oh. Courier, z 7