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I j jpA f Jt pjj ||jl I I I I^l fH W } -1 j f§|_ ✓ lIL. y If iH. * fIL /ML/ ML jWI / ML./ \WL ML ✓HL s HI , fHI IU *ML/ML ✓ a BYfWILLIAM 8. JONES. c£SBCS3» THE WEEKLI CHRONICLE & SENIINEL. I* Published every W'cdnrsday AT TWO DOLLARS PER ASSIH IN ADVANCE. TO CLl’B? or INDIVIDUALS acn'lUig us Ten Dolan, , BIX copies of the P.ijier will be sent for one year, thn» fur- M uiihtng the Piper at the rate of NIX COPIES POH TKXIMLLARN, or a free copy to all who may procure us fir- subscribers, and * forward ua the money. CHRONICLE 80 SENTINEL DAILY AADTitI-WKBKLV, Are nl*o pulJiaheJ at tliie oihcc. And mailed to aalwcriben »t tbs following rate*, mincjy: Dattr PtMtR, If rent by mail,'. *; per annum T«t-WrntLr Pates,.... r. t. 4•• ** TER*# OF JuTfERTISISG. f» rente per aqiuve (10 lines or leer) for the first iiuartiou. .and fifty cents for each rthee queat Insertion. BY AUTHORITY. TAX LAW. A» Act so U.ty arui colU< t a Tap for each of the imlidtal vwi-t IKftatvl ISJ3, ayahth-rmfter, until repealed. hscTitis I. Ik It enarted by the Senatenrul Jtuuee of [!e pr Unit'i tin. ot the Stale of lleoi j/ia, In (ienetrol Atm 01 Ho met, and it U hereby enacted by tJ.r authority of the mr, ;r. 'i'liftt fr.,111 .ai l after the paeruge of this act, all re rod personal estate within Ibis Stale, whether owned, by Individuals nr corporation*, resident or uon-reahlent •ball bo liable to taxation, subject to the exemptions herein* afl«r>|i«dfled. 800 l B. And be it further eeureted, That the term “real estate,’* as used in this net, ahail be construed to [iicitult land lined. all buibilngs or other articles erected upon, or Affixed to, the same; all mines, minerals, foesils, rue quarries in and under the same, except mines helcierug It - the Ntiile, and the Conn “personal weak'," as u-t’l in t.:’ act, shall hr construed to include all chattels, mcn.cs, debt due from solvent debtors, whether on note, bill, draf. >' Judgment or mortgage, or open accounts, goods, ware and merchandise, cupful Invested in stiipphig or tonnage, or capital otherwise inverle J, negro slaves, pleasure c .r* riarev. public st-tetrs, ami st'rcks in monied corporation*, also such portion of tire capital of Incorporated eoir.p.: liable to taxation ou their capital as shall not Is? invested In real or personal estate. Htc. 8. And bait further eHnrteil, Tlist Hip following j<r6(K»rty nli.lJl lie exempted from taxation, to wit : ■ All exempted from taxation, by [he Com-tication of th:- Blttfo or under tfje Constitution of the United film ■*, nil laud* belonging to tins .Suite or tin: (.'oiled Staten, every building •reeled for the ute of .and used by a college, tncorpouh-o •oadeuiy or other seminary of learning, eveijr building for pitWje worship, every school house, court house, and jail, and the Several 1"! I wlierron such building! am situated, and all tho fcirnlturo belonging to each of th em, all bnnfcs and philosophical apparatus not held at merchandise. and for tlic purpose of r;Uu, every pom hoove, aims house, houae of ituinvtty, ami any huttsc he longintf t > any charlt: tie Institution, and the real r.nd p aonai estate belonging to any eliaritaWe institution ore m. netted trilh then A me, the real and personal estate ofeny public library, asdothdr literary usstajintleim, all stocks own «•( by the, Stole noil by lltorary and ebarltable Instltuons, also ' all jrl.int- timnmd mechanical tools, allhouseholdandkitcii en furniture not above tb« value of three hundred dollars, not held for purpose of sale, or a« merchandize, all libraries- .ill poultry mill S2OO value of other pro(»'.*rty belonging to e o !, tax payer, and also the annual crops and prot iaions of the cttifc. ii* of this State, mid all tire arm* mid other inst’ ii loem*, and sfl munition* of ivar not held as merchandise,; mi all wearing apparel 01 tho tax payer mid family, and the holder or owner c,f stock in any Inoorporated company Itabl* to taxation on liscapital shall nut bo taxed us an Individual fur such stock. Sec.- 4. And Ttc it farther emicfotf, That all lands held under warrant*, mid surveyed, hut not granted by tin state, shall be liable to taxation In the same manner us if actually granted. Sum 6. Ami be it further ciutcM, That all mauled or it >ck Corporations deriving .income or profit from their capital or otherwise, except as beforo excepted, shall be liable to taxation. Sue. 6. And be U fiivthec fuitrtdi, That each and evci v free person of color in this State bctvreeen the apes ~f eighteen mid fifty shall be taxed annually the sum of live dollar*. Hxc. T. Awlbait further enact&l, That the sum of live dollars shall lie levied upon all practitioner* of Law or Vhysic or Dentistry and Oaguerrean Artist-. Sue. X. Andbait further eiuulctl, That each and every male citizen between the ages of twenty-one and sixty ■ years, shi.il he taxed annually hereafter, twenty-five cum. Bki.\ 11. Ami ha itfurther eiiucfei/, That the receiver es tax returns in ettcli county, shall receive all returns to him on the oaths of the persons malting t&etn mid ut such i al uation as they may ulfix, mid if any person shall fail to make a return, or to ntlix a value, the receiver shall make such valuation, and assess the tux thereon from the best inf u matlon in his power to obtain, and in eases where no return Is undo or no valuation uiado by the per- 0t..-: returning, he shall awe** a double tax. " SKt!. 111. And be it further matted, That it shall be the duty of the receiver to assess nil real and personal es tate not returned or not assesred by tlic person, returning the Same at the full market value. Hue. 11. Amt be it .farther emitted. That the receiver ol tax returns shall require nil persons to give in each mid every tract or parcel of land, he or she may own, specifying It* location, quality, ami the num ber of acres, If known, and tlic aggregate value, includ ing the vtdiie or tho buildings, machinery, toll bridges or bn ries mi the Rome, a classification of the personal estate subject to taxation, as defined lu the second section of this art, specifying [lie number of negro staves and their aggrt gate value, mid the aggregate of all other chattels, moneys, debts due or to become duo from solvent debtors in Whatsoever form, and each classification shall he entered in depurate column*. Sec, 12. Au-l be it further mulcted. That the Receivers of tax returns throughout the State shall administer to ench nml overy person giving in his or her taxable properly, the following oath, to wit: You do solemnly swear (or allirm) as the enao may he, that the account which you now give in is a Just and true account of nil tho taxable property which you were possessed of, hold or claimed on the Unit dn,v of January last, or was in terested In or entitled unto, either in your own right or in | tha right of any other iierson or persons Whatsoever, ns Parent, UlMrdi.in, Executor, Administrator, Agent, or Trus tee, or any oilier manner whatever; until that it is not wui th 2 more than the valuation you luivc affixed to it, to the lest of your knowledge mid belief—,n help you God. Bite, 18. And be it further cnttcUxi, That it shsllhctho duty of the several tax Uocclvora wltliiu this Plate tn take In all taxable* herein lusfore enumerated, un i suter the same in his book or digest u|ti> tho ap praised vniu* thereof, following Iho clsseiueatlon fjwci fled In the second and eleventh sections of this net, mid return a copy of the same made out in ;air uud legible hand Writing, to the Comptroller General, and one tii the Clerk Os the Inferior Court and one to the tux collector, on or before the lit d«y of July in each, year 'in which dlgestrhall be Carefully made out, tut abstract, stating eiu-h subject of Taxation, the amount of aggregate value of each, the num ber of acre* of laud, number of slaves, polls, free persons of color, professions, dentists and ileguavrean Artists.' See. 14. Ami be M further enacted. That when the Comptroller General shall have received said digest, ho is hereby required to examine tlic same carefully, to detect any error or errors therein contained, and having co'verrcd the same, if any shall ho found to exist, lie shall thou foot up ench column and ascertain the aggregate amount of each and all the digests, mid report the same to his RxOolltsncy the Governor, who with tire as sistance of tlie Comptroller shall assess such u rats per cent, not oxcending 112th of ono per cent, on the entire amount M will raise an amount of revenue corresponding to the wants of the Plate, and notify the several Tax Collectors throughout the Ptute of the rate per cent, so imposed, and the amount to be collated by him In eaeii county. • Bee. 15. And bait further enacted, That the amount so required to be kssossoil and collected, shull not exceed the ■mu of three bundled and seventy-five thousand dollars annually. Bee. id. And l>e it .farther enart/d, T hut the amount of tax to be paid annually to the State upon the amount of real and personal estate taxable under this act, shall l>o 1 lath of one per cent., which shall be leviwl and collected and accounted for according to the existing law, together w ith the poll tax and tax on practitioners of law, medicine, free negroes, dentists, and Uaguorrean artists. Pee. IT. Aml be itfurthor enacted by the authority nfurt aaid. Tint it shall be the duty of ihe Coraptrolier Ge neral, witli the assistance of the Treasurer, after the re turns of taxes have been made by the tnxjreceivers of the several counties in this State, to make an estimate of the ■mu total of taxes which will be raised under this act ac cording to the per cent, assessed, and if it should appear that the sum total should exceed tlic nmouut of taxes re quired liy this act to be raised ; then the Comptroller Ue uorai shall issue his circular directing the tax collectors of this State to make such deduction lu an equal ratio upon every thing taxed according to value, u* will reduce the •urn total of taxes, a* nearly to the amount require.) bv this I , act to be raised, as is practicable. The Comptroller speci fying the per Ixlll. cle.luctioft neecesnry to he ma le Sec- IS. And be it further enacted, That the tax re ceivers and colloctqf* shall receive the same compensation now allowed hy law. Bee. 10. dtpi be it farther mactm*, Tiiat to net the digest* a* provided for In the 7th section of ih* act of 1»45, for the receivers, the default list shall lie deducted, and for tiro collectors the insolvent list stiatl l-e deducted from tlic total amount of tho digests, and that ail taxes due and payable under any of the provisions of this net, shall he paid la gold or sliver, or iu the hills of specie paying Hanks of this Plate. ' | See, 20. -1 ml be it further enacted. That the fourth e.nd fifth section* of mi act passed the Bgd of February, eighteen hundred and fifty, to levy and eolteot a tax for each »f tbe.potttienl years, ISSO and ISM, and thereafter, he, and the name are hereby continued in full force and effect, saving ami excepting so much of Ihe fourth section as the foHeviug wonts, to wit: not bring over sixty veers - of age, or valueless from decrepitude or disease. Sec. 51. And bt It .farther enacted, That nothing In this act sh.tß be so ecus trued as torelieve Banks, Ballroads. or agencies of fhrc'.gn Bank* from any special tar heretofore assessed on them or nwyoftheut. ! Sec. 22- Ami be it further en acted, That all law* and part* of law* militating agaiust this act, except such pans of the tax acts uew iu force In this Plate, as may ho r,o. eessnry to carry out this act, and which are declared in full fore*, be. and the saute arc her*hy repealed. Speaker of the House of Representatives. ANDREW J. MILLER, President es the Senate. Approve,!, oth January. 1553. lIOWEIX COBB, Governor sIPmUEVTARY TAX ACT. AS ACT supplementary to an act, entiled an act to levy and collect a tax for the political years 1552 and 1552, ap proved January 9,1558. tYnnknt, by the fifteenth section of the above entitled , act to levy and collect a tax for the political years 1262 and lS5d, it U enacted tiiat th* sum of throe hundred and sev enty-five tltottsand dollars shall be raised for the sui>port ot the Govorntoeut of,this Btalc for each of said years; ami whereas, by tlie fourtrenth section of satd art, it hs* been frirtlter enacte-d, that to raise the said sum, forsnld political yearg, not more than cue-twelfth of one rcr cent, shall be assessed on tfie actual vaiue of all the property liable to taxation under Hie provitiona ot the above entitled art ; _ and whereas, hie Excellency, the Governor of this State, iu * special message made to the House of Representatlvr*, has expri'sscd his doubts whether the said sum of three hundred and , eot.v-fiv« thousand dollars, necessary for the Mipport of the governnMUt of this State for each of th* naid iwlitical year* ISX2 aud 1958, can be raised by the as sessment of only ouo-twelfth of one per etui, on tlie estima ted value of the property subject to taxation under sfid act, and hath rceomtneutltd to the General Assomb>y, as a precautionary measure. In case the said rate per cent, spe cified in said act shall not be sufficient to raise the said sum for said political year* 1x1.2 and IBM, to pass an act supple plcmentary to said act, authorizing hint and the Comptrol ler General, ou the return by live several lax Receivers of t ii? Stiilc of tbc Digtisi of j.Tojk'rty nultjtct lo U*t»dcu Uii* c!*r tbe ptovisioiw us act, ami the value of the fain*, and upon the exauuuuK r . ami up of said Digest, it shall aatiaUctonlw opiwar to them that the said sum of . jßuwe hundred and twenty five thousand dolbrs cannot be raised by eo assessment of one-twelfth of one per cent. . «n tit* value returned in raid D>gost. that they may be an thorioed aud emimwercd to increase the -i,.] rate per cent, so mficb, and no fovlher. a* may be fulficiem to raw* the said auto of three hundred and e«\ cnty five thousand do! la.'S asafo v util: now.lhc- tb ,r f< for remedy whereof, ttmas Ut. Jia.U enacted bu Ihe Senate and Oir.item ' fepreecnUdira* of the SUAa </ (rtotyia, in t/enenil A, teuMvmd, aud it i» hereby enacted by the amordi, r s the tame. Tiiat if, upon the return by the several Tax Re eUver*of this State, of their respectiveiDigc-:-. nuitaia trg the property, eufiject to taxation, aud its value, iu pur suance of the provisious as are contained iu the Paid act en titled on not to levy and collect a tax for the political year* 1852 and 1x53, it shall appear to bis Excellency, the Gw Bor, aud Comptroller General of this Bute, upon dieexanu nsUMi and f siting up of the tame, that the said sum ot ttr«e hundred and seventy-five thousand doßsrs, necessary for the •upport of tips Government of this Stale, for the •aid pntitical years, cannot be raised by an awesament of »o*-iw*Uh of on* per **st. an the aggregate value of all f i "-“Ai 2 ->•' - - - ,v, 1 - j tho property aa by paid DigMt, and subject to tax ] ation, in wicb Case, It Bhall and may l.»e tor Hip J Kxceiieney the Governor .'and Comptroller GoLera! of thiv j rtate, and tbey are lieteby autbr/rixed to increase the said j rate per cent* pp-jcifkd in said tax act, so much, and no itore or further, th.ui will l>e Ruffieient to raise the paid sum of | three buudrc'i and seventy-five thousand dollar*, necessary for the support of the (ioverriiuent of this State for ovb of the political years as aforesaid; and.thereupon forthwith to Ifisuc nnerdar to eich of the tax collectors of thi? State, requiring them, md ea*h cf them, to proceed and collect and receive of and from each t*oc payer the amount of- his tax at and after the rate per rent. Bo increased, and necer saryfor the purposes as-u esaid. Bar. 2. *( ud fa it forth* r enacM by the authority nforr- Utid % That when the tax collector of any county phall here >ft<*r iiiiue aa execution for ux*r-iu ar.c «r, the same 'hah 1*? directed to ail and singular tlje Sheriff.- and ron- Rts'ibies of this State, and *ba!J l»e levied by either officer when the tax due docs not exceed thirty dollars; but where the *.kx exceed« that sum, the execution shall t-e 'evied by the Sher-ff a-one. and «aM officer* i-hall be liable to be proceeded aghinst by rule in their respective courts aa r> prescribed by law In relation to ether executions. Sj c. v And fa it fni t'''r en<u ft'/ bo t?>y authority nf ir*- Hind, 'll rat ail la'vs, hr parts of i»wa, miiiratiusr against this id l>e, an l the suinu* are hereby repealed. Approved January 21, l*fS2. AM ACT to require ail Wills of .p.TSor.al property, to be r x touted and p-nved In the Fsimetnanijer m n<*w pre e<Lfcy law, for the execution ani proof of Devils of real e : Ihte. , Brr. 1. Beit ena' f d 1-y lb* S>-ncJ*and Ifon*> of li*rpre *<’ t dir*'};, of ike of ij'o.-fjia, in Oene. at AwemTly m :1. and it i* li st from an 1 after the first dny «.f June next, all wills and « of pelKonai property Fhull be in writing, and by the party k> willing and bequeathing the Fame, or by fcome dilorr peri<o>i in JiLa pretence, jiiid by hi* express di rcctSor.*, an i rlia l i»e d and ir» the prei?- j3ice of the Fa d testator by three < r four crdilde w itnesses, or rtf? they hull be irt sr!y void and of no efh* -t. 2. A nri fa it further enahd by th*> authority afire * said, larv.-. and parts of‘lews now of Urce in tHS«* £Uit and applicable to the Kevocation r f of real es -ite. *hj;ll ••xtend to Wills and testament-* of {personal p*o pertj. 3. And fa dfurther enacted by t/.e authority afirf wtd, That a!! laws and parts ot laws now es force in this ■late, prescribing the mode of proof of devises of real estate, are hereby extended to Wills and tejtaucnts of personal property, Bbc. i. .1 ml he iffurther (naded by the authority afore said, That tbi.i act »lirtHuot be construed to extend to'nun cupative wills. Hi/:. :>. And fa it farther onaetrd by the authority ofore to/d. 7hat ns so n a-* this‘act shall be passed, it shall be the duty of the Governor to causj the* same to be published in three or more « f the public (lazette* of this State, atlfc-ist lire in every week until thefirrt day of June next, and that all laws and part# cf laws Militating against the provision?- of this ret, be aiul the fame are hereby i ei»eule<l. Approved 2l?t January, 1802. febP, wj 1 AN ACT to j»reiciil>e certain rules , r :n*l regulations to be ob»it*rvwi by tho several U.iilroud Companies iu running l engine* Tijmii their respective tracks, ami annex a j»ena]- 1> fur the vi olation of tlie same, bw. 1. Jit it ma ted btj the Senate and Jfov*t oj lie }tPt'wnl(Ulv<* of tiueState €>f (Jt-oryia, in General A#x&tn t’l’j 'aud , and it tdhtreh-Jenacted by tJie authority of the namfi. That the {•overtil IhiiitoAd Companies in tbia State ■rliail he required, by the first flay of February next, to pre ,»•re aud put up in a oubstuntial manner, sign boards pnr, r >l- T'i With their track, nth! over e.ich ami every public Koail where the fame crosses the Railroad track, ana nufliciently high lo jp’ovv the parage under them of any vehicle com monly used upon said roads, and to have painted in large letter< >.-n each side thereof, “ Look out for tho Lnglne when 'he w hisUe bio.vs.” » And he it farther That each of said Companies shall cause to bo fixed ou the line of their track, and at the uiitauce of two hundred yards from the centre of ench public road, on each bide of said road, a post, and the engineer shall be required, whenever he arrives at either of taid ]*osts, to blow the whistle of tho engine until the engine arrives at the public road, and Khali moreover be i t fjuired to check tho speed of said engine ho as to enable him lo stop Kuid engine, should any person or thing be ern&iing fc-aid track on said public road. h*w:. y. And i.e it farther enacted. That should any Company fail or neglect to put up said sign board or posts as requires] by the Ur»l sectimi of this act, the President and Directors of ?-uch Company Khali each be guilty of a misde meanor, and upon indictment and conviction thereof in the '•ojnty where :mcli failure occurs, shall each l»e subject to a fine of not leas than five hundred nor more than one thou san«l dollars. Sex*. 4. And heit farther enacted , That upon the fail-. urc of any engineer to comply with the requisitions ot this act, he shall be guilty of u misdemeanor, and upon indict ment and conviction thereof in the county where such fail ure occurs, he shall he punished by fine or imprisonment, or both, at the discretion of the court; and the company, in whose employ said engineer shall he engaged, shall be held accountable for the payment of said fine. bfcc ft. And he it further, enacted, That nothing in tin's act shall be so construed a* to prevent any Railroad compa ny from being liable in action for damage* at tlie instance of any person or perbons injured or who e property may he injured by the running of their engines and cars upon their respective roads, and that all laws and parts of laws militating nguinwt this act be, and the same are hereby repealed. Appro ved22d January, 1852. AN ACT to limit the time for taking out grants to the State's half and informer’s half, of any lot of land fraudulently . drawn in any of the land or gold lotteries of this State, and to provide for tlie granting of the same, after the expiration of said time. b iic 1. Be it enacted ly the Senate and House of Re jtrtHcnta lives ofthe State of Gfo.yia, in General As sent o/y nut, and it it hereby enacted by iho authority of the same That the time for informers to take out grants to their half of lots of land fraudulently drawn in any of the land and gold lotteries ol this State, and widely had been condemned as fraudulently drawn, iu any judicial proceed ing, shall be extended until the first day of March next, and if ur.y such informer shall fail to.take out his grant by that time, that his tight to do so shall be forever forfeited, aud considered ns reverted to the State. Hbc. 2. An d he it further enacted by the authority afore said, That from and after the first day of March, 1852, any person, a citizen of this State, by paying into the Trea sury the Fjuui of two thousand dollars, shall be entitled to recclv*! f, mn the £tah\ u grant, in. bis. her, ov their name, to : >tn halves of any lot of hind fraudulent!) drawn, in any of the land and gold lotteries of this State, and which had been condemned os fraudulently drawn, by any judicial proceeding, and where the informer hud failed to take out a grant to his half—and from and after the first day of April thereafter, by paying Into tho Treasury fifteen hundred dollars—from and after the first day of May thereafter, by paying into the treasury the sum of one thousand dollars— from and after the first day of June thereafter, by paying into the treasury the sum of five hundred dollars—from and after the ’first day of July thereafter, by paying into the treasury two hundred and fifty dollars —from and after the first day of August thereafter, by paying into the trea sury twenty-five dollars—and from and after the first day of September thereafter, by paying into the treasury the sum of fiva dollars. Skc.'B. And be it further enacted, That in all cases of fraudulently drawn lots, u> aforesaid, where the informer hath heretofore received, or muj* hereafter, within tlm time above limited, receive, a grant to his half of any such lots, and no gram has passed to any one for the State’s half of any such lot, that then, and in all such cases, any citizen, , by paying into the treasury one-half of the sum he rein be- t lore specified, shall be entitled to and rewive a grant from i the State for the State’s half of any such lot of land. Skc. 4. And be it further enacted, That all laws and \ parts of laws militating against this act be, and the same ] «rs hereby repealed. Approved January 22d, 1852, AN ACT to repeal the first section of tin act approved tilth j December, IS I'd, enCtlcd an act to repeal all laws re- i ifpectiug the importation of slaves into this State, and to i give certain powers to municipal corporations in relation ! to slaves, uud to amend the act hereby revived. ! Sue. 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the : SUtte of Georyh t, and itfs hereby enacted by the authority 1 of the same, That from an after the passage of this act, . the first section of an act Os this State, approved December , Hith, IS Pd, entitled an act to repeal all luwh respecting the importation of Hl'ivcH into this State, and to give certain j powers to municipal corporations in relation to slaves, be aud the same is hereby repealed. Skc. 2. And he it jurther enacted, That the penalty j prescribed, by the act hereby revived, shall bo so changed ! us to dispense with the penitentiary imprisonment therein j 1 prescribed, and to give one half the fine therein prescribed | , to such person as may inform against aud prosecute the T i offender. Approved January 22d, 1852. AN ACT to secure the property of Minors against the mis- j management of their Guardians, by requiring bond and ; security. S»x:. 1. Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of R* { prese ntatinc of the State of Gwyia in General Assembly nut, and it is hereby enacted by tb« authority of the same, That from and after the passage of this act, whenever any child or children shall have any guardian by Statute ap pointed, or by the deed or u 111 of the father or mother of said child or children, and any property shall descend to said clpl.l or children by virtue of the act of distributions, or of any will, deed, or gift, other than from said parent, it shall be the duty of the Court of Ordinary, Executors, Administra tors, or Trustees ns the case may be, having the control of saM property to withhold said property from said Guardian until bond and good security be given as iu other cases of Guardianship, to be judged by the Court of Ordinary, for the faithful performance of vnid trust—provided, that if such Guardian sh ill fail cr refii«* to give such bond and se cerity, then, aud in that case, said court may appoint 9 >me other tU nml suitable person to act «.-» such, first compelling said person to give bond and good security as is now re quired in other cases of Guardianship. Sec. 2. And h* it furtbfr enacted by the authority (foresaid, That all taw* and parts <sf laws militating against this act, be and the same are hereby repealed. Approved Ihe 22d January, 1852. AN ACT to regulate the practice of the Supreme Court and of the Superior Courts of tliis State and for other pur poses, and to relieve suitors in the Supreme Court, and to change the districts, time* and places of holding the Su preme Court. B it enact' d? y th* Senate and House of Represento- Uce*i of the State of Georgia iti General AssendUy met, and it is hereby enacted by tha authority aforesaid, Tlt&t where the erig’.ual writ of error, original citation and notice and the original bill of exceptions shall be filed and served within the time prescribed by law, no cause peud j ing in the Supreme Court shall be dismissed, but any oilier error or defect sludl be amended iustanter. S'oc. 2. And be it further enacted, Tiiat tlic original bill of exceptions, after being filed in the Clerk’s office of the Superior Court shall be copied by the clerk thereof, and the copy retained by him and filed in his office, and the original Kent up with the papers in the cause. Skc. H. And be it further enacted, That the law which require* the decisions of the Judges of the Supreme Court, to be handed to the Heportcr, to wit, tlie 41 First section of an act to curtail the labor of the clerk of tlie Supremo Court and io reduce the cost in said court and to authorize amend- ' menu* in said court, approved Feb. 23d, ta>so,” be and tlie same are hereby repealed, aud hereafter sai l decisions shall be handed to the clerk so soon as written out aud shall immediately be recorded by him and tlv?n turned over to tlie Reporter. Set. 4. And be it further enacted. That wlien any clerk of the Superior Courts shall fail, refuse, neglect or omit to certify aud send tho whole or any part of the papers in any dptoc certified to the Supreme Court, it shah and may be lawful for the party or his or her attorney, to make with thereof and upon application to any one of the Justices of tlie Supreme Court either In term-time or vacation, a rule Nisi shai| issue under the order of said justice or court, re quiring said clerk to show cause why said pa pen* should not be certified and sent up and to show cause why be should not be punished as for a contempt for his refusal, failure, neglect or omission of duty, which rule shall be returned to the next or then present term of the court for the District to which said clerk belongs, under such rules and regulations and vtpon such service as said justice cr court in vacation or i term-time may direct, and upon the return of said clerk be ing made, the said court may pass such order in tho pre mises may scetyi right and proper, Provided that no pun ishment for contempt as aforesaid shall exceed that now pre scribed by law for contempts. 5. And be ii further enacted, That when any party to a cause dcdh» to except to the dccirion of any Judge of the Superior Court and he shall resign cr his term of office shall expire before the expiration of the time within which 1 the hiil of exceptions shouM be tendered by law, the said fudge shall be coasidereii so far an officer capable of ing or refusing to certify the Fame ami subject to all the re sponsibilities for such refusal as tliough he were in office, and when any judge as aforesaid shall die or remove beyond the limits of the £ute before the expiration of the time afore said. aud the party camptauunir should not have tendered his said biil of exceptions, the right of said party to his said exceptions shall not thereby be loot but the same verified by the affidavit of two attorußs of the court withiu the time ; prescribed for tendering till* cf exception, -hall entitle sakl j cause to be hcrird in the Supreme Court as though the same f bt»d hewn certified by the pending judge. : Fkc. fi. And be it further enacted, That when any cause f -kail be sent back to the Siij erior Courn* by the Supreme 1 Court, the same ahaßbe in order for trial at the first term es - j the *a\d Superior Court,next a f ter the decUkm es die said - ; Supreme Court, and w here eiliter pnrt> may Rave exliaust • j ed their continuances on the appeal the sakl Superior Courts ] s j shall have fifii power and authority to grant one contina ‘ »nve to said patty vis the ends of justice may require. - ■ opr* T. And he it farther That all causes in f i ebhtr the Supreme or the Superior Courts of this State may > j be tried under tbc provisions of this act. or of those of which c j it tsamendatoiy until the first day of May next, when this j | act fchali repeal all laws and part* of laws militating against i any or tu provisions. 9 ' l' f Fe c. 8. Whereas the legislature at ltd present session, has ? created a new Judicial bi*tt »ct, known a* the Macon Dis q trict, embracing certain counties, to wit; Bibb, Crawford. 1 Houston, Twiggs, Dooly and Macon, and annexed the same •> to the third Judicial District of said Htate, and whereas it f may be the case that immediately ffTevious to the passage ,• J cf the art, organizing said new Circuit, cases were decided in i i the three last njentjoned circuits which belonged to other fi j JurliciaTDistricta, and whereas doubts are entertained as to >t ) wh tberaaid cases so dcterralneJ previous to the passage t rd rild act, organizing said new circuit, should be retunied sit'* the next term of the Supreme court, to be held in and . ft r the district to which the said three counties belong, or to* j il ; next terra of the Supreme coun, to be held at Macon for . » tb-i tliird Judicial District, for remedy w hereof l j i'- 5t enacte-i. That all such cum m arc mentioned in the c ! preamble of this act, shall be made returnable to the 8u - J preme court to be held in the Judicial District to which said r : county belonged, at the time the case waa tried and detenu ; | ined. or to the Judicial District to which said counties of s 1 Twiggi, f»ooly .and Macon are now annexed at the option . • of the plaintiff in error, provided, that this act shafl extend s ? only to Cases tried and determined in the Supreme courts of ! said last mentioned counties, immediately preceding the t passage of the said act, organizing said new circuit, and » ' shall not extend to any ca*c.» tried and determined since the ‘ parage of Faid act. I Sec. 9. And be it further enacted, That the Middle Ja j dicial District shall he added to the first Supreme Court Ju . j dicial District, in which raid Supreme Court shall hereafter . | sit, alternately at Savannah and Augusta, on the second I Monday in Janu.try and June of each year, and that th* i Southern Judicial District be added to the fifth Supreme . Court Judicial District, in winch saH Supreme Court shall f j hereafter sit on tbs first Monday in May and November, in f ! each year at Milkrdgevibe. i ! Approved January 22,1552. ! j * J AN ACT to change the times of heWiug the Superior Courts . j of the counties of Taliaferro, Madison, and LU;ert, and the . i Inferior Court of the county of Hoard, , Sec. 1. it enaeled by the Senatr and Ifouee es Rep \ rmmdtfrexof the Slate of Oeonjta in General AmmNy | md, and it i* hereby enacted by the authority of the game, , j That from and after the passage of this act the Superior * j Courts of the county of Taliaferro, shall be held on the j fourth Mondays in February and August in each and every ; year. The Sujierior Courts of the county of Madison shall be held on the first Mondays in March and Septembyr in i each and every year. The Superior Courts of the county , of Libert shall be held on the second Mondays in March and I September of each and every year, and that all writs pro cesses and other matters heretofore returnable, or that may hereafter be made returnable to sai l courts respectively, j shall be made in accordance with the alterations here ! in made, and all witnesses, parties, and jurors shall be I bound to attend said courts respectively at the times j herein designated i Provided act shall not in terfere in any way with the adjourned term of Elbert gu ! perior Court to be held on the third Monday in this present j month of January, 1862. ; Src. 2. And be it further enacted , That the Inferior J Court ot the county cf Heard shall be held on the second i Monday in July and January in each and every year, and i that all writs, bills, processes declarations, and other pro j seeding* reUiraablc to said Courts at the time of hereto : fore holding the same, be taken and considered as returna ble to paid Courts at the times specified in this act for said courts to be holden. Fec. 8, And fa it further enacted % That all laws milita ting against this act he and the same are hereby* repealed. Approved January 22,1852. MOOT PAItOT ACADEfIY. 'npnii TRIBTELS of the Mount Paron Academy have JL the pleasure to announce tliat they have secured the services of Mr. and Mrs. It. F. Nlei.y, of Augusta, for the present year, whose cmlnent'qualifications and long expe rience in teaching are fully sufficient to insure the utmost success to the enterprise, and give a high-toned impetus to that exalted spirit of Education now' so universally preva lent in our country. It is duo to Mr. Neely to state, that lie is a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin-where he received the first distinc tions Class; that he has had fifteen years of practi cal experience, and brings numerous letters ot warm ap proval from former employers. Mrs. Neely is a graduate of the Staunton Female Semi nary*, Va., and from long experience gives every assurance that she is eminently fitted for tin; duties of her station. The Trustees have the roo.-d sanguine hopes that the In stitution will he permanently established, and are determin ed that it shall he inferior to none in point of Educational advantage 4, as they will employ Teachers of the highest at tainments only. The Scholastic year will bo divided into two Sessions of five months each; the first commencing the 2d MONDAY of FEBKUAKY. The rates cf Tuition are as follows, viz: Orthography, Beading, Writing and Arithmetic, sf* pr. Fes. English Grammar and Geography, with the above, 8 u Mathematical, Natural, Moral and Intellectual Sciences, 10 *• Latin and Greek, ; 15 “ Embroidery, Drawing and French, S u The Mount Paron Academy is located in a he.dthy region of country, eight miles west of the Cartcrsvilie Depot, and in the midst of a population where tlio temptations to vi cious and immoral conduct are few. Further particulars inny* be had by applying to any mem ber of the Board of Trustees at Epha lu Port Office, Cass county, Georgia. T. W. BRANDON, I>. GARRISON, • E. B. PRESSLY, W. H. DYKES, T. 11. LIGON. ja29-w6 Trustees. CEOHCIA MILITARY ISSTITITE, MARIETTA, GEORGIA. SECOND BKS.SIO.X of this Institution com- A mences on MONDAY, the Pith of July, 1552. The Institution is organized upon the usual plan of four Collegiate Classes. The following is a synopsis of the Course of Ftudies of each Class: < FOURTH CLASS. | Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, English Grammar, Geog raplty, Composition and Declamation. French. TUIIU) CLASS. Trigonometry, Mensuration, Surveying, Descriptive Ge ometry and its applications, Analytical Geometry, French 1 Drawing, Composition, Rhetoric, History. . SECOND CLASS. Differential aud Integral Calculus, Natural and Expori- 1 mental Philosophy, Astronomy, Chemistry, Drawing, Kvi- j deuces of Christianity, MoralTmd Mental Philosophy. FIRST CLAST., Natural History, Mineralogy, Geology and Physiology, Political Economy, Law of Nations, Civil and Military Eu- i ginet-ring, and Civil Architecture, Infantry Tactics, Sc-ieuce and Practice of Artillery. * ' No Cadet will be admitted who is less than fourteen, or ] more than twenty-five years of age; or who is afflicted with ' any disease or infirmity which would render him unfit for ’ military dutj r . ] The Cadets will be occupied about one hour and a half r each day in military exercises; but at such times a# not to interfere with their regular studies. The Course ot Instruction, regulations and discipline of < the Institution have been published in pamphlet form and ] will he forwarded to any person desiring more minute in- i formation, by their addressing the Superintendent, Maj. A. < Y. Brumby. j tkrms: Each Cadet, as soon as he is admitted, and before he is r permitted to join hi.s Class, in the recitation rooms, must ' pay over to the Superintendent the sum of SIOO, for which ' a receipt .shall be given him in full for tuition, board, wash- f ing, fuel, lights, field music, and all other contingent ex )>eiisc«, for one session* or five months, and for each suc ceeding se-sion, SIOO IN ADV VNCL*. Tuition alone (for resident Cadets) per session, payable , in advance, $25 J Contingent Expenses, $2 > Cadets from a distance must provide their bedding and ( room furniture. The.*c articles can be purchased in Mari- s etta upon reasonable terms. By order of the Board of Trustees. DAYII) IRWIN, , ja23-wCm President Board Trustees. EAST TENNESSEE FEMALE INSTITUTE, KNOXVILLE: i TRU&TKB9. M. Alexander, Chm’n, F. S. Hkissell, T. IV. Humks, Hu. A. M. Wiiitu, C. Wallace, If. MaTnakd, J. 11. Cowan, M. M. Gainkb, ; CJko. M. WmiK, 1. Lewis, C. IL Coffin, G. W. Cuuboiwiu.l. • Ml*. L. McCluno. Rr. and Mrs. J. R. DEAN, Principals. 'TMIE PREBEYT SESSION will terminate #n the 27th ] L FEBRUARY, and the Summer Session commence MARCH sth, to continue five months. J The advocates of a thorough intellectual training for the youth of both sexes, are respectfully iuvited to oxainino the { present claims of this institution. t The idea that the lady must rest content with le&3 rigorous discipline in her course of meutal culture, than is awarded to her brother, is discarded as unworthy a just estimate of the female mind, which cqualiy delights in vig orons intellectual effort, and cannot but be dissatisfied with . what is too frequently doled out as a “finished oduca- , tion.” Young ladies designing to become Teachers, will here find 1 every facility for suitably qualifying tbemselrcH for that most < interesting and responsible station. < It w believed that unusual facilities are also afforded for \ acquiring the French langnagc. Instruction in it is given . by a lady conversant from early life, with Parisians, and her , pupils aie trainjj to write, speak and think, in this as readily as in thflnative tongue, by familiarising them with the diff.:rcuccß idiom and grammatical construction of each—this, no one not practically acquainted with the pecu liari'icsof language equally with those of the French, can so accomplish. In the strictest accuracy in time Is secared by a prok<*s eminently successful. Any amount of reference can bcupven if desired, as to the rapid and en during progress invhis department, of niuncrous former pu pils in this and othlr States. In Vocal Music mil are instructed—not to sing a few pieces byimitation~tbut to perform from the printed page, at sight, music they have never heard; and drilled to main tain independent parts. While this is a source of recreation to the pupil, it is also one of discipline and refinement. And thus in every department is there that thoroughness which never fails to gratify the desires of the truly intellectual student. Episcopalians, Baptist?, Methodists, Preebyterinns, Con gregatiunalists, and perhaps other denominations, are har moniously represented in the school, which in its religious infiuencee, is free from anything of a sectarian tendency. The location of the Institute buildings is most delightful. The commanding view from its ample ground#, of river and mountain scenery, is unsurpassed even in this romantic sec- tion of the Union. Charges for five mouth? (invariably in advance,) $5, sll and sls, according to studies pursued, with $1 contingent. Music, Piano or Organ S2O. Other Instrumental Instruc tions and Ornamen lal branches, as heretofore. Tickets of admission to be had es the Treasurer—Mr. Will. L. 'White, at the Book Store. fe4w4* HU. L. M’CLUNG, Sec’y* PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF MEDICIYE. FjfUi Street, a few Poors South of Walnut. THE SPRIXG coi Rsii: OF LECTURES, for 1552, will be commenced on MONDAY, MARCH ft. 1852, at 5 o’clock, P. M. Degree* will be conferred about the 10th of July, 1552. PRESIDENT : Hon. J. R. BURDEN, M. D. faculty:, J Aires McCuntock, M. D., Snrgcry. Rusu Van Dyke, M. D., Materia Medicaand Therapeutic?. Thomas D. MnvaexL, M. D., Theory and Practice of Me dicine. Jamfb Bryan, M. D., Institutes of Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence. Ezra 8. Carr, M. D., Chemistry. Jamrs McCuntock, M. D., Anatomy. Fred'k. A. Fickarut, M. D., Obstetrics, Ic. GftK. Ukwjtpdn, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy. Matriculation Fee, paid once only, $5. Full Course SS4. For those who have attended two Courses in other Colleges, $45. Perpetual Ticket, $l5O. Dissecting Ticket, $lO. The fee will be received by the Dean, who wUI issue a certificate entitling th« Student to the various tickets. Full Course Candidate? for Graduation will be furnished with the tiricet for the Pennsylvania Hospital without charge. .ZbsF* The Winter Sessions for 1552-53, will commence on the 11 th October, 1852. For further information, inquire of JAMES McCLINTOCK, M. D., Dean., _ „ 1 North Eleventh street. Philadelphia, Jan. 5,1552. ja22-w3 WASHIYCITOY FEMALE SEMI.VARY. THE EXERtTJsEis of this Institution will be resumed ©o the 2d Monday in JANUARY, (the 12th inst.l un der the superintendance of the Rev. D. McNeil Tcrnar. jaß-w4 E- W. BURTON, Treasurer. SOUTHERN FEMALE COLLEGE 'THIS hhim nos, located at Covington, Georgia. A will go into regular operation on the first Monday iu ! FERRI'AKY next, under the *U[>eriutenJeDce of Col.' M. j C. Fcuos, as President, aided by the ablest assistants that ! can be procured. t TERMS OF TCTTIOS: * Preparatory School SIC per anantu. : tst two CoUegiate Classes 40 *' ; Sd “ “ “ 50 Modern Languages, .• 20. “ ; Music, 40 *• The Institution will be furnished with Musical Instru ments and all Philosophical and Chemical Apparatus, need ful for its successful operation. The system of Education adopted in this Institution, will be the most substantial and , ] complete. JOHN J. FLOYD, Pres’l. or Board. ! jals-'2t JOaEPU U. MCiUUXL, S«'ty I * ' AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1852. ; POETRY. t THE COTTER’S SATURDAY NIOIIT. BY nOCERT BCR33. # The cheerful tapper done, wi* ?erioua face , They, round the ingle, form a circle wide; . The sire turns o’er, wi’ patriarchal grace, i The big ha* Bible, once his father’s pride : 1 His bounet rererentlj is laid aside, , * His lyart haffets wearing thin an' bare, Those strains that once did sweet in Zion glide. He wails a portion with judicious care, And “ Let us worship God!" he said with solemn air. They eiiaunt their artless notes in simple guise; They tune their hearts, by far the noblest aim, r Perhaps Dundee’s wild warbling measures rise. Or plaintive martyrs worthy of the name; Or noble Elgin beats the heav’nward flame, ■ The sweetest far of Scotia's holy lays! Compared with these Italian trills are tame, The tickled ears no heartfelt raptures raise, Xae unison hae they with our Creator’s praise.^ The prieet-like father reads the sacred page. How Abram was the friend of God on high— Or Moms bade eternal warfare wage With Amelek’s ungracious progeny - ; Or how the royal bard did groaning lie Beneath the .stroke of heaven’s avenging ire ; Or Job’s pathetic plaint and wailing cry ; Or rapt Isaiah’s wild noraphic fire; Or other holy seers that tune the sacred lyr**. Perhaps the Christian volume is the theme: How guiltless blood for guilty man was shed ; How He, who bore in Heaven the second name, Had not on earth whereon to lay his head ; How His first followers and servants sped ; The precepts sage they wrote to many a land; Mow He who lone in Patinos banished. Saw in the Sun a mighty angel stand; . And heard great Bab’lon’s doom pronounced by Heaven’s command. Then kneeling down, to Heaven’s eternal King, The saint, the father, and tiie husband prays ; Hope “springsexultant on triumphant wings, H Thai thus they all thall meet in future days; There, ever bask in uncreated rays, No more to sigh or shed the bitter tear, Together hymning their Creator's praise, In such society, yet still more dear, While circling time moves round in an eternal sphere. j Compared with this, how poor Religion's pride, In all the pomp of method and of art, When men display to congregations wide Devotion’s every grace, except the heart.* The power, incensed, the pageut will desert, The pompous strain, the sacerdotal stele; But happy in force cottage far apart, May hear, well pleased, the lauguage of the soul, And iu his book of life, ths inmates poor enrol. From &ilinin'* Magazine, LIFE. “Oli, life is very, very beautiful To my young heart. No clouds arc on its sky, Save those the rainbow crowns ; no waters sweep Beneath, save those that give the sky’s soft blue Back from their tranquil bosoms ; and no wind* Fly o’er the fresh green earth, save those that come To bear sweet incense on their dewy wings, To fan my glowing temples, and to lift The light curl from my cheek. The many stars Shine like rich blessings on me ; countless flowers, With all tjieir soft blue eyes, look love to mine ; And myriad red and golden fruits hang low, And seem to woo my hand to pluck them. Life To me is all my heart has ever dreamed Os Eden land ; it is a blooming tower, And I its .merriest, happiest singing bird. They tell us of a brighter, better dune Beyond the star-lit azure, but I fain Would live forever on this earth.” Thus sang At morn, a wild and joyous-hearted girl, Upon a flowery lea. Her 100.-ened hat Mas swinging on her shoulders ; her white hand Strayed ’inid the sunny ringlets of her hair ; Her blue eyes glistened with her happy dreams; And sweet smiles played, like honey bees, around Her parted cherry lips. Young roses lay Upon her buddiug bosom; and glad thoughts Were springing in her hearth-sweet spirit-flowers, More fresh, more bright, more beautiful, than those That bloomed upon her breast. Old Time moved on. .Smiling upon the gay and lovely girl, And bearing for on his gentle plumes. All she could ask or crave. A few brief years, And Time’s sweet smile was changed to frowns. Ho crushed The dewy roses on that young girl’s breast, And in her heart. The waving of his wing •Waked a chill blast from which she shrank away, Looking in vain for refuge. One by one, • The friends and guardians of her earlier years Fell at her side ; and one by one their graves Were watered with her bitter tears. She felt That she was all alone, a wanderer Upon the desert of the world. Her voice. So often answered in her happier hours I>y tones of love and friendship, now came back But with a wailing echo to her sad And straining ear. All bowed in soul, she pined In deep ami utter solitude. Her hair, That erst had wantoned on each passing g Q | ft So bright and free, was plainly gathered o’er Her pale and stricken brow. Her eye, tliat oiice Had danced so wildly to the melody Os her own soul’s sweet fancies, looked through tears Yet sparkled with the strange mysterious light That tells of coming death. A deep drawn sigh, More dismal than the sobbihg of the Wind Through the lone ruins of an ancient tomb, Told that her heart was broken. And as there She bowed her forehead low upon her hand, ller anguish thus found utterance. “ What is life ? Oh, what is life V A sigh, a tear, a frown, A shadow and a mockery! The light clouds That moved so sweetly o’er my morning sky, Have darkened to a tempest; the bright waves That caught the morning and the evening beam, Wear midnight’s sable hue, and break and roar In ycsly wrath around me ; and the winds That used to linger on my floating curls And with their dew-lips kiss my rosy cheeks, Have turned to winter blasts, and fiercely sweep Cold, cold and bitter, o’er me. Not a flower Blooms in my cheerless pathway; not a bird Fings in my lonely ear ; not one dear voice Calls to me in my grief; and not one star Shines on this wild and awful waste. My lUe Is very, very desolate. Oh God ! Thou stay and helper of the weary heart 1 To thee I kneel in agony, and pray That thou wilt take me from this dreary world To rest forever in Thy smile of love.” Mattie. New Electkic Engine. —Messrs, (‘otter Cand ler, of Poughkeepsie, have constructed nn engine to run by electricity. *U is an invention of Mr. Gustcn, of New Jersey. Tho Poughkeepsie Eagle snvs: 1)11 ring the building of the machine we have watched its progress, and its different parts have been explained to us. When Mr. Gustcn came to Poughkeepsie, lie brought a small buttery with him, which lie thought was not sufficiently power ful to move the machine when finished. i>ut on its completion the battery was applied, and the en gine instantly moved and ran with great regularity and with some power. This so much more than exceeded the expectation of "the inventor, that all doubts in his mind were expelled. This machine is the model fora powerful engine. It can be run with a far less expense than a steam engine; its power will be more uniform; less room will be re quired ; no boilers will bms-W: and it will not effect insurance. We are confident that the long sought for power lias now been practically applied, and that great benefits will result from it. In a few days a larger battery will be procured! and the en gine applied to machinery to test its power, alter which we will say more about it. The East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad.— We arc gratified in being able to announce to our friends the pleasant intelligence that the bill which has been pending before the Legislature, loaning the credit of the state for one hundred thousand dollars to the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad Company to enable them to build the bridge across the Tennessr river, passed the House of Represen tatives on the 4th inst., by the decisive vote of 42 to 20, on its third and last reading : and having heretofore passed the Senate, is now become the law of the land. There is but little doubt about the passage of the general internal improvement bill, loaning the credit of the state for eight thous and dollars per mile, to - iron and equip the road. The effect of these two measures wilr be (if the directors pursue the work with energy"; the com pletion of the road to this point, at the far* best time in two years. Much will depend upon the skill of the Presi dent and the system he may adopt in the manage ment of the road as far as completed, to inspire the community with confidence in the ultimate value ot the stock. With skilful management, we have no doubt, the stock will rapidly appreciate to par, and as soon as the road is completed to this point, it will pay remunerating dividends to the stockhol ders. Mr. Caloway, the President, has considera ble experience on the subject of grading l oads; lie has been a contractor himself outlie East Tennessee aud Georgia Railroad, and the public will expect him to push forward the ultimate completion of the road to this point at as early a day as practicable. This, we have ijo doubt, from the assurance we have received from those best acquainted with ids energy and business habits, he will do. There has been a disposition on the part of some who have interests in particular localities along the line of the road to retard the completion oftbis great enterprise. We have not heretofore considered i t necessary to enter into any dispute with those who have been making these efforts believing tlint a little sober reflection would induce them to abandon this selfish and contracted policy; and take the liignerand ! nobler stand for the completion of the great line or road from Georgia to Virginia—a work that will j make East Tennessee the richest and most popu- i lons part of the Union. We understand that at the last meeting of the directors, held a few days since, they instructed the President so soon as "he got reliable informa tion of tiie passage of the two bills we have before adverted to in this article, he should advertise for proposals to build the bridge across the Tennessee and to grade the road from that point to Knoxville. As the bridge bill has now become a law. we have no doubt a contract will soon be entered into for the completion of this important structure on the line of the road. —KnoxciUle ReyUhr. _ The State Road.—The Governors appointments we doubt not have been viewed with general ap probation by the public, and excited the expecta tion of a favorable change in the management ol this important State interest. If this expectation should not at one be realized, it should be attnbu ed to long-continued mismanagement and neglect under the old directors, and for which the t-tate was partly responsible in neglecting to make ade quate appropriations. It will require weeks and month* to repair and equip the road so as to render transportation prompt aiul travel sate and comfort able. Under the enlightened supervision of sir. Wsdley, we donbt not order will soon come out of confusion and this great thoroughfare become the pride and boast of every Georgian. —Rome Cunr. The Road.—We have but little to say about the working of the Road this week. The prospect ahead is flattering. Judge King. President vi the Georgia Rond, has been here and says that he will keep one of the Trains from this Road running up to C hattanooga, until ah of the freight is earned off. There is already assistance received iroui the E. T. and Georgia Road, and it is likelv that the Central Road will soon send up help. Tae new Appointed superintendent of the State Road, Mr. Wadley, is daily expected to look into the condi tion of affairs, and straighten out all things. We have therefore reason to hope that all the freight offered, will speedily be soul off. —Chattanooga Ira zatts. The French Couslitution. The fallowing is the new Constitution, as pro mulgated on Thursday morning in the ifoniteur. in virtue of the powers delegated by the French people to Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, by the vote of tho 20th and 21st of December, ISSI ; “ The President of the Republic, considering that the French people has been called to.pro nounce on the following resolution, viz.,—‘The people wishes the maintenance of the authority of ! Louis .Napoleon Bonaparte, and gives him the ne | cessnrv powers to make a Constitution on the bases i established in his proclamation of tho 2d of De -1 comber;' considering that the bases proposed for • the acceptance of the ]>cople wore— 1. A responsible Chief nanied for 10 years : 2. Ministers dependent on tho Executive Power alone; 8. A Council of State formed of rhe most dis tinguished men, preparing tho laws and nuiintoin | ing the discussion on them in the Legislative j corps; j 4. A Legislative. Corps, discussing and voting j the laws, named by universal suffrage, without the | ten:tin de lute, which falsifies the election ; 5. A Second Assembly, formed of all the dis- I tinguished men of the country, a balancing power, [ guardian of the fundamental pact and of the pub : lie interests; and considering that the people have ! answered affirmatively by 7,500,000 suffrages, he ! promulgates the Constitution, the tenor of which j is as follows : Section 1. Art. 1. The Constitution recognizes, confirms, i and guanintees the great principles proclaimed in : 17*9, and which from the basis of the public rights | of the French people. j Section 2.— For&is of the Govekmiem of the Republic. Art. 2. The Government of the French Repub j lie is intrusted to Prince Louis Napoleon Bonn- I parte, actual President of the Republic, for 10 I years. Art. 8. Tiie President of the Republic governs j by means of the Ministers, the Council of State, | the Senate, and the Legislative body, i Alt. 4. The Legislative power is exorcised colloc ! tivcly bv the President of the Republic, the Senate, : and the Legislative body, j Section Os tub President or the Rm blic. ! Art. 5.— I Th# President of the Republic is re -1 sponsible to the French people, to whom he has always a right to appeal. Art. 6. Tho President of the Republic is the Chief of the State. He commands the land and sea forces, declares war, concludes treaties of peace, political and commercial alliances, and makes the rule* and decrees for the execution of the laws. Art. 7. Justice is rendered in hi* name. Art. 8. He alone has the initiative of the laws. Art. 9. He has the right to pardon. Art. 10. He sanctions and promulgates the laws and the Senolee-CdneuUee. Art. 11. He presents the state of affairs of the Republic every year to the Senate and Legislative body by a message. Art. 12. lie has a right to declare the state of siege in one or several departments, on tho condi tion of referring to the Senate with the shortest delay. Tho consequences of the state of siege are regulated by the law. Art. 13. the Ministers depend solely on the Chief of the State. Each is responsible onlv as far as the acts of the' Government regard him. There is no solidarity between thorn. They can only he impeached (mis en accusation) bv the Senate. Art. 14. The Ministers, members of the Senate, tho Legislative body, and tho Council of State, the officers of the land and sen forces, the magis trates, and the public functionaries, take the fol lowing oath: — I swear obedience to the Constitution and fideli ty to the President. Art. 15. A Senates Con suites fixes tho sum allow ed annually to the President of the Republic for the entire duration of his functions. Art. I>>. Should the President of the Republic die-beforo the expiration of his office (mandat,) the Senate convokes the nation to proceed to a new election. Art. 17. The Chief of the State has a right by a secret act deposited in the archieves of tlio State, , to point out to tho people the name of the citizen he recommends, in tiie interest of France, to .the confidence of the people and to its suffrages. Art. is. Until the election of the new President of the Republic, the President ol the Senate gov erns with tho concurrence of the Ministers, in of fice, who form themselves into a Government Conn- ' oil, and deliberate by a majority ol' votes. Section 4 —Or the Senate. Art. 19. The number of Senators cannot exceed 150. It is fixed at 80 for the first year. Art. 20. The Senate is composed, Ist., of the -UiualSnfd,j, M.l v.' 1 - . *■l ■■■ 11- Lu._ 0.1. ,i«’ flit, f.li whom the President of tho Republic deems fit toT' elevate to the dignity of Senator. Art. 21. The Senators arc not removenble, and are for life. Art. 22. The functions of Senator arc gratuitous; nevertheless the President of the Republic may accord the Senators, by reason of the service ren dered and of their position as respects fortune, a personal donation, which shall not cxcocd So,ooof. yearly. Art. 23. The President and Vice-Presidents of the Senate are named by the President of the Re public, and chosen amongst the Senators. They are named for ono year. Tho salary of tho Presi dent of the Senate is fixed by a decree. Art. 24. Tho President of the Republic convokes and prorogues the Senate. He fixoa the duration of its session by a decree. Thc-sittings of the Senate arc not public. Art. 25. The Senate is the guardian of tho fun damental pact and of the public liberties. No law can be published before being submitted to it. Art. .20. The Senate opposes the publication— -Ist. of laws which may be contrary to or affect the Constitution, religion," morals, the liberty, of wor ship, the liberty of persons, equality of the citizens before tho laws, inviolability of property, and the principle of the inamosibiliie ot the magistracy; and, of those which may endanger the safety of the territory. Art. 27. The Senate regulates by a Senatus, Oninvltc: —l. the Constitution of the colonics and of Algeria; 2.—A1l that has not been provided for by the Constitution, and which is necessary to its maintenance; 8. The signification of articles of the Constitution which may give rise to various in terpretations. Art- 28. These S?natu»- Cans it Ues, shall he sub mitted to the sanction of the President of the Re public and promulgated by him. Art. 29. Jhe Senate maintains or annuals all the nets which may be submitted to it as uncon stitutional by the Government, or denounced for the same cause in petitions from the citizens. Art. SO. The Senate can, in a report addressed to the President of the Republic, fix the bases of pro jects of law of great national interests. Art. 31. It can also propose, modifications to the Constitution. If the proposition! is adopted by the Executive power, it is stated so by a S-natus-Con sulte. Art. 32. Nevertheless all modifications of the fundamental bases of the Constitution shall be sub mitted to universal suffrage, such as they have been enunciated in the proclamation of the 2d of December, and adopted by tho French people. Art. 33. In ease of the dissolution of the Legis lative Corps, and till another convocation, the Se nate op the proposition of the President of the Republic provides by measures of urgency for all that is necessary for carrying on the Government. Section 5. -Of The Legislative Corns. Art. 34. The election has the population for ba sis. Al t. 85. There will be one deputy to the Legis lative Corps for every 85,000 electors. Art. 36. The deputies are elected by universal suffrage, without the send:a de lisle. Art. 37. They do not receive any salary. Art. 38. They are named for six ycars." Art. 39. The’ Legislative Corps’discusses and votes the projects of law and the imports. Art- 40. Every amendment adopted 4 by the Com mission charged with the examination of a project of law shall he sent, without discussion, to the Council of State by the President of the Legisla tive Corps. If the amendment be not adopted by the Council of State it cannot be submitted to the deliberation of the Legislative Corns. Art. 41. The ordinary sitting or the Legislative Corps lasts three months; its sittings are public, but the demand of five members is sufficient for its resolving itself into a secret committee. Art 42. Theaccount of the proceedings of the sitting of tiie Legislative Corps given by tiie jour nals, or any other channel of publication, shall consist only’of the re production of the minutes (preces verbal) drawn out at the close of each sitting by the care of tho President of the Legislative Corps. Art. 43. Tiie President and Vice President of the Legislative Corns arc named by the President of the Republic for one year; thev are chosen from amongst the deputies.* Tiie' salary of the Presi dent of the Legislative Corps is fixed by a de cree. Art 44. Tiie Ministers cannot be members of tiie Legislative Corps. Art 45. Tho right of petition is exercised as re gards the Senate. No petition can be addressed i to the Legislative Corps. Art. 45. The Presidentof the Republic convokes i adjourns, prorogues, and dissolves tiie legislative j Corps. In casg~ of dissolution, the President of the Republic is bound to convoke a new one with in the term of six months. Section s.—Of the Council of State. Art. 47. The number of the Councillors of State in ordinary service is from 40 to 50. Art. 48.’The Councillors of State are named by tlie President of the Republic, und are liable to re moval by him. Art. 49. The Council of State is presided over by the President of the Republic, and in his absence by the person whom lie'’indicates as Vice President of the Council of State. Art. 50. The Council of State is charged under the direction of the President of the -Republic, to draw up projects of law and regulations of public ndministratioDj and to obviate the difficulties that may arise in matters of administration. Art. 51. It maintains in the name of the Gov ernment the discussion of the projects of Jaw be fore the Senate and the Legislative Corps. The Councillors of State charged to speak in the name of the Government are appointed by tiie President of the Republic. Art. 52. The salarv of each councillor of State is 25,000 f. Art. 53. The Ministers have rank, right of sit ting, and a deliberative voice iu the Council of State. Section 7. — Os the High Cover of Justice. Art. 54. A Hight Court of J ustice judges with out appeal, or recourse to cassation, all persona who shall be scut before it as accused of crimes, attempts of plots against the President of the Re public, and against the internal and external safety of the State. It cannot be convened but in virtue of a decree of the President of the Republic. Art. 55. A Senatus-Consulte shall determine the ‘ organization of that High Court. ! Section 8, —General and Transitory Provisions. ; Art. 56. The provisions of the codes, rules aed I regulations now existing which are not opposed to the present constitution, remain in vigor until they be legally abrogated. Art. s'. A law shall determine the municipal or ganization. Ihe Mayor slmil he named bv the • ,i C -?r U:v ! . °. wer i mui need not be n member ot , the Municipal Council. e l >Ws : cut Constitution shall lie in vigor to the date trom file day when the great Statc or !A* lliz by it shall bo coiisti , '.ned. the decrees issued by tho President of the - f-eputdie. to commence with tho 2nd of Deoembcr is ls W he preseut l' erkkl - slu'd have all the force of - January* t i&lv. ral * Woftho Tui,erif ' tlw IHh of c , . Takis Napoleon Bonaparte. r ssen aud signed with the Great Seal, . The Keeper of fus Seals, t, , E: RoiTiek.' . Report to the President of the Republic. ■ r v*si<lviit.—In virtue of the ordinance of • the 20.1 i or Deo.. 1537, the officers authorized to . proceed abroad lose all right to their pav. 1 the special position of Geueral Changarmcr, de Lnmorieierc, Bedoau and Lcflo ; removed/),“ U tempore, from the French- territory in ■ virtue ot the decree of the 9th inst., 1 lmvo tile honor to propose to you to decide that those gen eral officers -shall receive, as a matter ol’ exception, from the 2d of Dumber last, the pav of dirp-j.uti bilite of their ranks, in the countries assigned to them, or which they may have chosen for their resi dence. The payment shall be effected into the hands of the persons furnished with their powers of attor ney. (Signed ) The Minister of War, A. Dk St. Aknavd. (Approved) she President of the Republic, Louis Nafolko.n. Paris, Jan. 14, 1651.” Frtna the Journal aod Mr*temjer. The Position anil Policy or the Constitutional Union Party of Georgia. The present is an eventful crisis in the history of the Constitutional Uuion Party. In a few months it will be called upon to take position upon the Pre sidential question, and by its action to determine the course of the State. It is a foregone conclusion of our political opponents, that the Constitutional Union Party is disorganized and disbanded. It is not disorganized-—it is not disbanded—it is no failure—hut exists to-day, as firm and as formida ble, as when it achieved the election of Governor Cobb, by a majority which has rebuked his oppo nents, and caused them, in hot haste, to abandon every position which they had assumed during the canvass. There is a vitality in the principles of the Party which never can he lost, as long as there is a Constitution and a Union. As yet, nothin-' has occurred to disturb the harmony, or to destroy the integrity of the Party, and if its future policy, in regard to the approaching Presidential election, is shaped by the principles it has avowed, we en tertain no doubt of its tr'uinplumt success. We publish to-day the Preamble and Resolutions of the Georgia Convention of 185 U—because they, together, constitute the Platform of tho Constitu tional Uuion Party; aud because wo.desire to call the attention of our readers to the principles em braced iu that Platform, and to refesh their recol lections ns to the views entertained and expressed by tiiat Convention. It embraced much of the wisdom, talent and patriotism of the State. It 3 momhers were elected upon the single issue, of ad herence to the Compromise Measures. They met, and alter a calm deliberation and consultation, adopted the Preamble n,nd Resolutions which the Constitutional Union Party has recognised us its Platform. The action of that Convention, by its dignity, unanimity, conservatism and firmness, was felt throughout tiie Union, and gave to Geor gia prominence and pre-eminence among her sister States of the South. It was the expression of the sober second thought of the people of Georgia, saying to South Carolina, tlmt.they could not take the initiative in the adoption of the desperate reme dy of secession; and saying substantially to their brethren of the North, "that nil observance of the Compromise, as a final settlement, was the condi tion upon which they acquiesced in it. This po sition of tire Georgia Convention, so firm, so (Ug nified, so just and so well grounded upon tho Con stitution, was the first hrenk-waier opposed to the Inad current of Disunion, and called forth from eminent Statesmen, from Conventions and Legis latures of other States, and-from the public Press, the highest encomiums upou tho wisdom and pa triotism of the men who had assumed it. Planting themselves upon the Resolutions of the Georgia •Convention, as containing an epitome of their po litical faith, the Constitutional Union Party, compos ed of Whigs and Democrats whose patriotism was stronger than the ties of party, and whose devotion to the Union was more lasting than the suggestions of resentment for acknowledged wrongs, has con trolled the State, find its influence lias been felt . throiigliout the South in checking uUraism and Union. The commanding position, which the. Party still occupies, should not be abandoned; and strongly impressed with this idea, we have refer red to the action ot tho Georgia Convention, as the great land-mark which should guide us in our future career. The danger which called the Union Party into existence is not yet averted. Its organi zation is not a useless instrumentality, which has discharged its office, and which is therefore no lon ger necessary. The Free Soil element is the strong est in tiie Union, and in order to demonstrate tlio truth of this statement, wc have only to await tiie time when a distinct, issuable point, between Free Soil and Slavery may he made. The formidable ness of the Free Soil Party is owing to the fact, that they control iu the Northern states the bal ance of power, and that tho two great Parties of the North are more anxious to secure" tho imme diate benefits of the majority, and the power in the several States and in the Union, than to the cheek . the advances of a faction, when the dangers at tending its ascendancy are remote or unappreciat ed. If this Party is ever crushed, and the agita tion of the questions connected with slavery termi nated, it must be by a Union organization—by a party who shall adopt, whatever its name may be, the fundamental ideas of the Union Party of Geor gia, recognizing no right of secession, no higher law, nothing but the Constitution and its Com promises. What then shall the Constitutional Union Party of Georgia do ? But two courses seem left for it to pursue—one to adopt the proposition of the Constitutional Union Party of Alabama, which will be found in the Resolutions of its Convention, published in another'column of this paper, and the other to unite with one of the national Parties. The proposition of Alabama is, thut the Constitu tional Union Party should hold an independent Convention, in Washington City, at a date subse quent to the meeting of the Whig and Deinoehirie Conventions. It comes to us as the index of the sentiment of the Constitutional Union Party of a State, identified with us in interest and in princi ple; and wc have no doubt that, both on account of rhe high source from whence it emanates, and its own intrinsic merits, it will receive from the Georgia Convention of the Party, soon to be as-. sembleJ at Millcdgeville, a calm and deliberate con sideration. The delegates to the Washington Con vention will be left free to choose between the can didates presented for the Presidiney, by the Whig and Democratic Conventions; and if neither of these Conventions declare distinctly, and unequiv ocally, the finality of the Compromise, as the basis of their political organizations, then to choose some one who will represent, and if elected, will carry out their principles. There is nothing sectional in the organization of the Constitutional Union Party. That party is based upon two prominent ideas—the observance of tiie Constitution, and the preservation of the Union. There would be nothing sectional in tiie platform of this Party, erected by the Washington Convention. If Northern men did not stand upon it, it would be because they were seotionalists. There is a nationality ot party, amt distinct from it, a nationality of principle. The principles of a party, and not the eharacter.of the support which it receives, determine its nationality. But we arc not to infer, as a matter of course, that tiie support which would be given to the candidate of the Con stitutional Union Party, would be confined to a section. Tiiat Party is no failure, even in Wash ington City. It has tho strength of an inpregna blc position ; isolated now, it is true—hut which would become, in the event the Whig nnu Demo cratic Conventions failed to piesent a man pledged to support the Compromise, aud the policy of non intervention in foreign affairs, the nucleus around which a formidable party would be built up. It would command the support of every one who desires to see the foreign policy of this government, which was adopted by Washington, and which lias been invariably followed by his successors, still ad hered to—the institution of property respected— ultrnism and sectionalism rebuked—-slavery agita tion banished from the halls of Congress, and har mony restored throughout the Wdcrs of-uiiz wide spread Union. The objection to our sending delegates to Balti more or Philadelphia is, that those Conventions will be composed of incongruous elements. The Frec- Soil Party of the North, and the Disunion Party of the Scmtli, will mingle together with Union men in those Conventions, cloaking their principles and their ulterior objects, under the comprehensive and convenient names of Whig or Democrat, and seeking, by this course, to get out of the minority at home, and to renew national relations with thefr parties. The Tree-Soil Party lias grou pup under the organization of tho Whig and Democratic par ties. Its support has been courted by botn of thc-m, until it has attained the dignity of a balance ol’-power party, and defies them. On account of this political importance of a Northern faction, we fear that no strong, uneqni vocal expression of opin ion, will be made eitherby the Whig or Democratic Conventions, upon the issues which we must pro sent,'if we are true to our principles. These is sues will be blinked or lost in the affirmance of old and obsolete party principles, and the statement of vague and unmeaning generalities; and tho identi ty of our party, together with its principles, will be swallowed up to make a President; Or; if the whole subject of the compromise, and of slavery agitation, is not (as wc anticipate it will be,)r thus virtually ignored, yet we cannot forsee to what doctrines we may be forced to subscribe, by enter ing Conventions where Free-Soilcrs, Secessionists, Abolitionists, Disunionists. Interventionists and SectionaUsts of every kind, will be admitted to seats. Such are onr fears, if delegates appointed by the Constitutional Union Paity-of Geoigia are received by either the Whig or Democratic < oh veutions. "But will they be received? From the developments which have been made thus fur, this is more than doubtful; and if they are refused ad mittance, they will return with the brand ot seo • tionalists upon them, having sacrificed the position of independence which the Party now occupies, and lost the prestige of its recent victories. What then is the true policy of the Constitution al Union Party or Georgia ? We answer, let the Convention of the party, soon to be assembled in Milledoevillc. answer. That Convention lias been called Tiy the late Legislative Caucus of the Consti tutional Union Party, and it should be held. Onr safes' and best men should be selected as delegates to that Convention, and coining fresh ! from the people, they will express, by their action, the will of the masses of the Party. The third ■ resolution of the Legislative Caucus, advising that 1 delegatee should be sent, under proper instructions > to the Democratic Convention, at Baltimore, we r regard a* the simple expression of the individual preference of the gentlemen who passed it. Upon “lef. VOL. LXVI.-NEW SERIES VOL. XVI.-XO. . - this poiiif, tliesegentlemen do not Speak ex-enthe ; tint. To the Convention of tlio Party must this t grave question of the future course of "the Party be referred. i In the meantime, let our friends, in their primary t meetings, give a full and free expression of their - views, and send delegates to the Convention, in - strutted to carry out those views, and let us await r its action, with'the firm conviction that it will pro f serve the integrity and harmony of the* part v, and secure to it uuammity and concert of action in the f approaching canvass. Kossuth and Szcmcre. The New York Csurur A-Eivjuinr has a letter from iiartholounrus Sr.emere, “the most distin guished of all'tlie Hungarian republicans, and who r occupied tile highest post in Kossuth’s Ministry. 1 Like liatthjnnyi and Kossuth, he is now a pros , eribed exile.” The Courier says ; “ eteomore, a» we have hitherto shown, and as ! the Kossuth organs in thiseity have constantly in formed theh readers, was par uctilaiiv, the great . Kemtblioan lender of Ilungarv—l’ulszky says, the only republican in tlio Ministry! Nobody ever questioned his devotion to liberty or the purity of , his principles, and the self-sacrificing character of ms patriotism, nor his reputation as a frank, feor- r S i al mimly gentleman—a ripe and neeom ’ phsUed scholar—and a Republican who was wil- V l ',- t ‘- > every thing in behalf of Republican Liberty, instead of Aristoeratieul Magyar Institu with “Kings, Lords and Commons, ’ to winch Kossuth once pledged himself. “ Mthyanyi, iu his letter which ho recently Uutb.ished, stylos him a man “of profound know e<Ue and highly cultivated mind.” Pulzsky, Kossuth’s private Secretary, iu his letter of last week, alludes to Bntthyiuiyi’s “liiglily cultivated friend, B. Szemere, who without the previous knowledge of the Governor, declared openly to the Diet, that his administration was to bed Re publican, or a Revolutionary one.” “ The wituess is unimpeachable; now murk his words: •Tiu: PUBLIC LETTER OF M. SCZMKRL’. Mb. Editor:—ln the number of the‘2oth IV oomber, 185 1 , of your journal, “The Semi-Weekly Courier & New York Enquirer,” in its morning edition, an article is inserted, with tint heading “Governor Kossuth.” In it is embodied the au thentic act of the abdication of the Government by Kossuth, and among the names of the subscriber's thereto, I find also my own. I did indeed, tako part in the business of the war, which we were compelled to wage for our constitutional liberty and independence against the Austrian dynasty. 1 have indeed participated in that holy war, blit in so doing I only fill tilled my duties as a citizen and a man, and consequent ly i ha\ e done nothing which could entitle me to lay claim to auyjparticulur glory ; yet, on the other haul, I must insist that I l'mve done nothing which could, by any means, bring shame upon me, of soil a clear conscience. I feel myself, ‘therefore, constrained, for the sake of truth—for my own honor and political charac ter— to make the following declarations : 1. That 1 never subscribed that act ol abdica tion. 2. That I never saw the same, 3. That neither my sense of duty ns a citizen nor as a patriot would ever have allowed me to have put my signature to that act, had I ever seen it, or had its existence ever been made known to mo ; which never was the fact. Since it is undoubtedly the fact that Mr, 4 Kossuth neither was nor could have been eo)npclled to that abdication bv any moral or physical forco whatever, and, as besides Mr. Kossuth him -elf hail for weeks or even months before spoken of General Gorgey as a traitor, 1 cannot see how his abdication and transfer of the supreme power into the hands of a traitor can be consistent with his so much praised heroism and love of country, in war and in re volutions the hero and superior mind is manifested not by words, hut by deeds. In the controversy between Kossuth and Gorgey in Arad, on the 11th of August, 1849, one or the othor must have sunk, and we see that neither of them appears to have been a hair the worse, Gorgoy caused Kossuth to he requested to abdicate, and Kossuth hastened to do it, and immediately tied across the Turkish boundary. It is important to Tcmark hero, that at tills mo ment there were still in the hands of the nation four fortresses, and two of these the strongest in the whole country, namely : Koinorn and l’eter wardion, ns well as an army of 135,000 man and 300 field officers. I behove that never before in tlie history of the world has the head of a nation turned his hack on so powerful a military force. Gorgey laid down his arms only with 20,000 men. The rest of the army surrendered only because they heard not only that Mr. Kossuth hull abdicated, and by so doing hud declared the hopes imfinii <u> lLu't&vuxi* lout, JUut i?rr frnrl ftlTTl-* self fled tlie country, giving himself no"thought for the fate of his party, Tiis friends, tlie army, the fortresses and the nation. He went over the boundaries entirely alone ; lie avoided carefully bis friends and acquaintances, especially, all those who assembled on the boundaries—in order that he might the more certainly secure his own safety. M. Kossuth was chosen Governor on the 14th of April, 1848, not directly by the people, .but by the National Assembly, provisionally, mid not by votes, but by acclamation, and under the condition of ruling in connection with, the Ministry, which was also made responsible for everything. It is true that Mr. Kossuth could resign his office. In this case, if the National Assembly were in session, new dispositions of authority could have been made ; in the übseneo of the As sembly the Government must of necessity romaiu in the hands of the Ministers. • It is not necessary to remark, that the nation had tlie sovereign right to delegate executive power; butthat the person to whom the same hau boon delegated, could never transfer his right to a third party. • Mr. Kossuth, however, on tlie 11th of August, 1849, in Arad, not only resigned, which he had the power to do, hut not. only did not ussemblo the Ministry, winch had received powers of govern ment contemporaneously with himself, hut ho transferred to another the power, which bad been entrusted to ins own person. lie did more, he appointed a dictator, which he was not himself. Mr.. Kossuth can no longer consider himself either.in law or in right as tlie Governor of Hun gary. Because he voluntarily surrendered this power : Re cause he transferred this power to another, which lie had no right to do : Because he also abdicated in the name of the whole Ministry, without having previously consult ted them : Because lie immediately transferred the power of the State to Gorgey, a ’ man whom he, and he more than all others, had long before considered a traitor. Finally,.becausehe did all this without consult ing with, and without the knowledge of that min istry, which lmd been appointed with him and consequently even so fares mere form is consider ed, acted contrary to the law. It is not my intention ‘.o .dissect the unfortunate and ever fluctuating policy of Mr. Kossuth ; yet us 1 am obliged to exculpate myself tVom any infer ences to be drawn from tliat act, which, never theless though done in my nnntc, was done with out my knowledge and without my consent, it is impossible for me on this occasion not to declare that Mr. Kossuth has no claim either hi law or of right, to the character of Governor of Hungary. Not in law, because ho so hastily surrendered the office without even observing the legal form ; not of right, because, while on the 14th of April, 1849, when our troops were everywhere victorious, we saw him stand forward as" Governor, yet after wards, on the llth of August, 184;*, when we were suffering continual defeat, we saw him hastily and precipitately freo himself from the samo office, that is to suv, in the day of victory and glory lie accented the office ; in the day of danger, he sur rendered it to the first who demanded it of him. And now iic steps forward, weakly and uncou aeientiously forgetting nil this, before the world as the Governor of Hungary, und os the dictator among his fellow-exiles, demanding from us un conditional obedience, and asks a second time for a power for which be showed himself before partly incapable, and part of wlijell be misused. However much I pity the political want of con science shown in lus public character, however much he may rejoice if he should succeed by his rhetorical agitation to obtain money and sympathy for the cause of Hungary, in order that he may in some measure restore, what lie has injured by his uncalculating, feverish, vacillating, unprincipled, policy, yet on the o;hor hand, every sensible minded Hungarian must bo convinced that to re cognise Mr. Kossuth as Governor, or as !’c earnest ly claims to Pc acknowledged, the absolute iHole tor, would be equivalent to devoting the cause of Hungary for a second time to a severe downfall. We vvefcomc him, therefore, in our ranks only its a single gifted patriot, perhaps even the first among his equals, but as Governor we cannot acknow ledge him, we who know his past carce.r, and who value divine liberty, and our beloved fatherland above every personal consideration. While I' respectfully requost you, Mr. Editor, to receive these lines, f take at the same time the liberty to mala: the following remarksCriticise, examine, condemn, as much ns you will, the ac tions of those jicrsons who have appeared in tlie late Hungarian war of independence, we deserve it all; each of us has more or less been wanting; only touch not with contemptuous band the cause itself, for that cause Was at least as pure and holy as the war of the American Revolution ; in a word, we were the defenders of right and law against the elforts of faithlessness and anarchy ; we were the heroes, the apostles, tlie martyrs ot freedom under tbo persecutions of tyranny. Con sider Mr. Kossuth as a rhetorical advocate of the Hungarian cause; he may be its pleader; 1)a never was Its hero, because at the first approach of dan ger ho was tlie first to shrink. In forming an opinion upon bis career and his political character, this is all the more important and decisive test, since lie (who is beyond all doubt a man the most avaricious of glory, that ever lived.) always in every way, by every pessible means endeavored to concentrate confidence in bis own person ; and hence it wan natural enough, that by his weakness in the day of danger the cause of the nation fell with him. The people, however, remained steadfast, while he has become a fugitive, and, with his crossing the boundaries of Hungary, he filled no longer that high place, to which the confidence of a brave people bad eleva* ed him. BAnruoLOiiyF.im SzoiKmM Formerly President of the Hungarian .-Ministe rial Connell. Paris, 4th Jan. 1852. s' Too Cold non tub learn from Cap tain Stubbs, the vigilant keeper of the lfolit-house on Cuttyhunk. that during me severe cold weather of the last few weeks, skoals of Tnutog, or bluek fish, were actually driven out of their haunts ■ around the rockyJcdgos of that island, and came ashore in large-numbers. At Nominslia Right, Gay Head, tb«y were gathered up along the bench , in cart leads, and sent to the New York markets. 1 Such d* occurrence has not been known sinco the ; winter of 1810, when Buzzard’s Bay was entirely i closed over, und persons passed and repnssed ou , the ioe, during several days, the whol e 'distance be tween Elizabeth Islands and the mainland. —.''w . Bedford J Urcury. ' t,s*. . r 4~ ' - ■ iti ——————-—— , i I. I I P— ■ European Politic*. The Paris correspondent of the New York Com mercial Advertiser ftirnishes tlie following \try in teresting account of the progress of events in Europe: Paish, Jan. 15. |§f EcRorKAN DtfLOM.vov.A-Th© allied sovereigns are now manoeuvring their forces so ns to occupy every inch of ground gained hv Louis Napoleon's coup d'etat. They are fur from showing timidity and irresolution. A new policy ti:i" been forced *n Switzerland. This was easy because, by dint qt intrigue and corruption, the groat powers Lad al ready succeeded in placing the executive power • of that country in the hands of a Homan tat hollo, f Tbo first evidence of the entire sirburdiinUion of Switzerland to the reaction is n decree for the ex ■» pulsion of a largo number of refugees. Many not named in tbo docroe have also been ordered to leave by the police and. it is probnbtc. that In a thw months moro the soil of Switzerland will tie free iVom all her troirblosomo guests. One may regret this, hut cannot blmne the confession Os weakness in a small power, without allies, and surrounded bv onomios that could crush her in a moment. The frail reed must bend before the hurricane. Piedmont, too, has begun to take with boldness., the backward march. The popular aspiration for liberty, Italian independence, and freedom from the exactions of tbo Romish Church, have, in con nection with tho probabilities of the success of the republicans in France, compelled tho court, of Piedmont to wear the appearance of liberalism. Some reforms have been olfeoted, one or two good • treaties have been concluded, a certain liberty is allowed to the press, and Protestantism has been tolerated. Enough lias been douo to throw dust into tho oyes of the friends of progress outside of Piodmont: but not enough to provent a very easy return to the Catholic-royalist party. Already, a large class of misdemeanors of the'pross has been withdrawn from tlie cognizance of tho jury, and submitted to tlie judges nominated bv Kiug Motor Emanuel; and there are numerous signs of an iu- , tention to roduoo tlie press to the sauio condition as in France. A special ambassador lias been sent to Piedmont from France, possibly to make sngges - tions ns to the best mode of re-establishing Roman - Catholicism and despotism in their former vigor. ' That tlie king is not disposed to thwart Louia Nn- I poleon, is evident from his refusal to pormit any ; Frenchman to enter his dominions without the pre ■ vious consent of tlie authorities at Paris. Euge.no ' Sue. wiio lias been ordered out of Franco, was i obliged to wait about ton days in order to get s special permission to fix his residence in Savoy. It : was granted him, with an injunction to live in a * retired way, and abstain from all manifestation of : interests in politics. M. Sue started yesterday for . Anucy. In Austria, tlie last traces of tbo liberal Institu tions of 1848 have been formally ettaeed. The ' jury is dispensed with, the secresy of judicial pro ceedings is restored, the press is muzzled, and a pure mid simple despotism is assertod as the legal government of the country. Wlint the Emperor cannot restore is tho base-service exacted, boforu 1848, by the ili*bltj3, from tho peasantry. The mass of the population lias been released l'rom the one rous duties of tlie feudalism of the middle ages) and is entering into tlie new regime of financial feudalism, brought ou by modern commerce. Tlie ootuiucntttl powers are now turning their at tention to tho position so long' occupied by En gland, under tho direction of Lord Palmerston. A Vienna paper affirms that tho joint note to En gland, so long talked of, lms at fast been sent by. Russia, Austria and Prussia. It demands sorno stringent measure in regard to the icfugees from the continents either their oxpnlsion. or such a surveillance by the police as may prevent anypro pagandism by them on tbo continent. An intima tion is made that, in enso of non-complinnee with this demand, Englishmen will bo altogether exclu ded from tho territories of the powers sending the note, on tho ground of their possible connection with tbo conspiracy fomented by the refugees. The noto refers to the precedent of tho arrest, in Ireland, of Americans suspected of instigating the peoplo to rebellion, and its official justification by tlie English Uovermuout. Tims will reveal what Lord John*Russel will say to this note. If ho ad mits Ha pretensions, ho uiust ill in tho fiice of pub lic sentiment, tlie English middle olusses Laving a strong national pride in tlie protection of fugitives from oppression; If lie refute to make concessions, it is probable that such vexations will be practised on England subjects on tlie continent as to lead to a very unpleasant state of things, and possibly to war. However, diplomacy lias infinite resources for delaying a decision, and the end may yet bo far off. The enthusiastic reception of Kossuth in tho United States lms awakoaed tlie wrath of the Paris newspaper press. Three of tho principal papers contain each a long diatribe against ns : Lee Vchattt indulges in a strain of mockery, und la I‘ay* calls attention to America in an article, which,,though at Itrsr Stgfiriippnrtmtlr hostile, is really dictated by a faint hope that the new world will do something. Notio or them seem, however, to think an inter ference on our part probablo, and their indignation and menaces can only bo considered as symptoms of feelings which may show themselves in uctiou at a future day. In filet, should "England comply with the demands of the continental powers, the United States will be the last free power on the face of tlie earth. That country will then be exposed to tho Intrigues of European diplomatists, of which the newspaper articles I speak of are only tho fore runners. Before a groat while, America may lie called upon not to intervene in Europe, but to main tain our just influence in America. The utter helplessness of Belgium is proved by the fact that tbo French polico has not scrupled to exercise its authority within her limits. General Changurniei', Colonel Cliorrns, and several others, wore conducted, under the escort of French police men, some to Brussels and others to tlie Belgian frontier without any protest by the Government." •This is accouuted for, however, by the Brussels pa pern, on the plea that no formal complaint was made by the prisoners. ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS. * Tlie war department has been somewhat aim plified in its organization, mid Its business will be hereafter transacted with more rapidity. Tills baa been effected by changing the number of bureaux, and submitting measures to tbo decision of the Minister, without the several preparatory reports and examinations heretofore required- By a special decree, tbo President lms dissolved the whole National Guards of France, and ordered its reorganization oil now principles. ■ Ho reserves to himself the appointment of tlie officers of every grade. For Baris, the names of candidates are to be submitted to him by the Minister of tho Interior, on tlie proposition of the superior Commandant.: and for the other departments, by tho prefects. The private soldiers of tlie now guard are to be selected by a council composed of officers appointed by the Government. By this moans, the armed portion of tlie citizens will be composed wholly of men devoted to tho President. To assure its fidel ity, tlie law places it under the direct control of tho mayors, subprefoets, prefects, and Minister of tho Interior, and forbids it to assemble with or without, uniform, except on the orders of its iuimediato chiefs. These last are forbidden to give this order * except on the requisition of the civil authority. This reformation of the National Guard docs not fcf please either the middle classes or the Roman Catholic hierarchy; the former see that it subordi nates them entirely to tho army, and destroys their power; und the latter will lie contented with nothing less than tho entire abolition of tlie militia force. The contonuicr* or sentinels stationed along tits different lines of rail road are hereafter to be ap pointed by the prefects. A similar change in tho mode of appointment has been decreed in relation to several other classes of small functionaries. While the President is thus concentrating oil patronage in his own hands or in thoso of officers appointed directly by him, he is not unmindful of the splendor of ids'Court. Descending like the great Frederick of Prussia to regulate the coat buttons of tho high and low functionaries of hia Government, be has ordered a new uniform for them. That of the Ministers Is said to be most, costlv, and that of the diplomatists covered with gold lace and exceedingly brilliant and dazzling. Even the attache« have not been forgotten ; in their new dress, they will form u gorgeous retinue for tlie embassadors. This show will scarcely mask tlie decrease in importance of diplomatists; most of the serious business of Europe is now conduct ed either by special agents or the sovereigns them selves. A law regulating the press is in course of prepa ration, by which caCh sheet will probably be taxed about two cents ; this will include the postage to all parts of France, as is tbo case nowin England It is said that the law requiring t lie signatures of journalists is to be repealed, being rendered un necessary by the creation of a committee o{ cen sure, through whose bands til) articles pass before publication. MEASCRKS or RHLItX. ' A;) This correspondence has often insisted that no government eun be stable in Fiance, without some measures of relief for the poor. I/mis Na poleon lias expressed the same opinion sh hi., books and in several of his public speeches. Public work 3 arc commenced, and tlie laws are passed for tho repression of mendicancy in the departments. Tho preamble of the decree on this subject in tho de partment jVicvre throws a flood of light on the con dition of the poor in the country : viz “In consideration of the complaints wo have re ceived ft-oni different points of the department, in relation to tlie greatnuinbers of able bodiod beg gars who perambulate the country, spreading every where disquietude and dread,” &c. The constitution and organic laws were promised for to-day, but ouly the former lyis appeared. Ono cannot judge of President Nai>o’oott’s future course until after the publication of the organic 'lawn. Tho constitution is almost a oopy of that of tho year 1800. ’ The tenor of the editorials in tho jour nals supposed to be his organs is not rcassur ing--und rnauy of the workmou who voted for him are now beginning to suspect their errof- -Some ot thoso connected with tlie associutv" l1 * inform me that, although the police has ologcd riicln tod-, face the emblematic triangle the word • associa tion” from their signs mi' 1 certificates of member ship, they have been ty-'afod with great politeness, . and lmve received tjClinutions that they will bo : spared, provided ‘‘“O'" iu give in their formal ad hesiontolhi- „> Government. ’ Tlie depa—dent ol Jlaute* Alpee lias been de clared nti*s* state of seize. As the decree anpear ’ ed tin- week, it is probable that the journals are ' mpi.iformed in regard to the state of the eoun'ry, ‘ r .,d that the greatest tranquility hud ri*t resulted * from the late election. . , ";A Long lists of new art ext* are given in tho pro- I vinciul nape no Great numbers, however, ofthoso arrested on suspicion have been examined ami re lensed. In several instances, the 1 r civil authorities seems to have boon only todi *jsi 1 - -' - tlie prisoners into'good behaviour, and tln ir lor- - » lease lias speedily followed. . ■: „ r Courts-niarttaiare n»w m session at uiyjiydiffcr : ent points of the country. It is picrumed tfiat * there will not be many con<lemiiutiou» t dc.ith, e but that the most dangerous piisontrs will be so , lected for transportation to. Cayenne nml. AfoWta. ! Several who have been found guilty Oi tftkmff up i. arnis, have been already-, sentenced to 1 s Toulon ; they will tie chained to work there by the | side of common criminals. , Between five and six hundred persons have been . shipped on board a transport snip bound so the „ Antilles, where they are to remain until the island of Cayenne is prepared for their reception. Who , , idf'