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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 183?-1864 | View Entire Issue (May 26, 1852)
BY WILLIAM S. JONES. CHRONICLE & JSENTINEL. % .97 d2sC£3. THB WEEKLY la Pabliahrd ant; TTeJnaaday AT TWO DOLLARS PE& ASICX LI A»VAS«. *0 CLCBI ar INDIVIDUAL* sensing at Tan Ddin, fix aapiaa as th* Papar <riD ba aaat far to* 7a.tr, thua fur aiakhig lira Papar at Mia rata as toIX COPIK* FOR TH.\ DOLLARS, o r a fraa aapy ta all wka ma/ praauaa uayfaa tubwriben, and forward ua tba money. CHRONICLE & SENTINEL DAILY AND TKI-WKEKLT, * Ara alao poWlahad at Ikia afflaa, aad mailad ta kabacribara At tba following rataa, lamaly I Daitr Pars*,if aa01byma1,.....57 par aonutn. Tai-WaatLT Parm, 4*• " TERHS OF ADFEHTISITC. 15 Wuklt.—ioYor.ty-fiYo oonts por square (10 lines or levs) for the first lasertieo, aid iftj eenis ler eaeh eubeo* quent insertion. BY AUTHORITY. TAX LAW. An Act to lory amd eolUd « Tax for oadk •/thepolitical yearn 1552 and WA,and thereafter, until rep*U*d. Rmctio* 1. Be f* ona lad by the donate awl Houee of Re jpf*M * nl'iti r r n of the State of Georgia, in General AsemnMy To* t, awl it le hereby enacted by the authority of the name. That f. nn and after the pas*©ft es this oet, all real '•end jv rgonal estate within the tint©, whether owned, by individual* or corporation#, resident or non-resident, snail lx; liable to taxation, subject te the exemptions hwt ein- Mfier apedfied. Sec. i. Awl he it further enaeted, That the term “real estate/’ as used in this act, shall be construed to indu>te land itself, all buildings or ether articles erected upon, or affixed to, the same ; all mines, minerals, fossils, and quarries in and under the same, except iniees belonging to the glut**, and the terra “personal estate," as used in this act, shall be const rued te include all chattels, monies, debts due from solrcut debtors, whether oe note, bill, draft Judgment or mortgage, er open aecounts, goods, wares and merchandise, capita! Invested is shipping or tonnage, or capital otherwise Invested, negre slaves, pleasure car riages, public stocks, end stocks in monied corporations; ei-io such portion of the capital of incorporated companies liable to taxation oe their capital us shall net be in retted Jn reel or personal estate. B«cd. 8, Awl be it further enaeted, That the following property shall be ex<?mpted from taxation, to wit : All exempted from taxation, bjr the Constitution of this frtatc <a under the Constitution of the United Btatos, all lands belonging to this tittle or the Cnited Btat.es, every building erected for the u*t of and used by a college, incorporated academy or othvr seminary es learning, every building f>r public Worship, every school house, court house, and jail, and the several lets whereon such buildings arc situ ited, and all the furniture belonging to each of them, all hook;* and philosophical apparatus not hold as merchandise, and for the purpose of sale, every poor house, alms house, house of industry, and any house be longing to any charitable Institution, and the real and per sonal • ■'♦.ate belonging le any charitable institution or con nected with the same, the real and personal estate of any i public library, and other literary associations, all stocks own ed by thuHtateand by literary and charitable inetituons, al*o all plantation and mechanical teols, all household and kitch en furniture not above Ihe value of three hundred dollars, not held for purpose of sale, or as merchandize, ail libraries—ail poultry and S2OO value of other property belonging to eaeh tax payer, and also the annual crops and provisions of the citizen* of this State, and all fire arms and other instru ment i .and all munitions of war not held tin merchandise, and all wearing apparvl es the tax payer and family, and the holder or owner es stock in any incorporated company liable to taxation on its capital shall not be taxed as an Individual for such stock. Bkc. 4. And be it further enacted, That all lands held under warrants, and surveyed, but not granted hy the P ate, shall be liable to taxation in the same manner as if n.tually granted. Hue. 5. Awl he it further enacted, That all monied or et'K;k corporations deriving income or profit from their capital or otherwise, except as before excepted, shall be liable to taxation. HKC. G. And belt further enacted, That each and every free person of color W this State hetweecn Ihe ages of eighteen aud fifty shall be taxed annually the sum of five djl'ars. fr.c. 7. And leit further enaeted, That the sum of five dollars shall be levied upon all practitioners of haw or J'hyaic or Dentistry and Daguerreaa Artists. Hju;. H, And be it further enacted, That each and every • male citizen between the ages es twenty-one and sixty years, shall Im; taxed annually hereafter, twenty-five cents. HKC. 9. And be U further mar ted, That the receiver of tax returns in each county, shall receive all returns to him on the oaths of the persons making them and at such val uation as they may allix, and if nay persea shall fall to make a return, er to affix a value, the receiver shall make such valuation, and assess the tax there** from the best infer* , ination in his power te obtain, and in o,ws where uo return ismade or no valuation made by the persons returning, lie Shall assess a double tax. B*o. 10. And be U further marled, That it shall be the duty of the receiver to assess all real and personal cs* late not returned or not assessed by the person returning the same at the full market value. B*o. tl. And be it further enacted, That the receiver es tax returns shall require all persons t* give in each and every tract er parcel of land, he or she may own, specifying its locatien, quality, and the num ber of acres, if known, and the aggregate value, includ ing the value of the buildings, machinery, toll bridges or ferries on the same, a classification es the personal tv-date , eubjeet to taxation, as defined In the eoeend section of this act, specifying the number of negro slave* and their aggre gate value, and tho aggregate es all ether ehattels, moneys, debts due or to become due from solvent debtors in whatsoever form, and each classification shall be entered in Separate columns. Bsc. 12. Awl be i tfurther enacted, That the Receivers “'oftax returns throughout the State shall administer to each . and every person giving in his or her taxable property, tho following oath, to wit: You de solemnly swear n r Mifirm) as the can# may be, that the account which you now giv# In is a just and true account of all tho taxable property which you were possessed of, hold er claimed on the first day of January lad, or was In t terusted in or entitled unte, either In yeur own right or In tho right of any other person er persons whatsoever, as Parent, Guardian, Kxecuter, Administrator, Agent, or Trus tee, or any other manner whatever ; sad that it is not worth more than the valuation you have affixed to it, to the best of your knowledge ami belief—as help you Cled. 'S' B sc. 13. And be it further enacted, That It shall bo the duty of the several tax Receivers within this State to take in all taxahlee herela before enumerated, and enter the same in his book er digest with the ap praised value thereof, following the dassifieaMon speci fied in the second and eleventh sections of this act, had return a copy of the same made out it air and legible hand writing, to the Comptroller General, and one to the Clerk of the Inferior Court and ene te the tax collector, o* or before the Ist day of July In each, year In which digest shell ' he carefully made out, as abstract, stating each subject of Taxation, the amount of aggregate value of each, the num ber of acres of land, number of slaves, polls, free persons of color, professions, dentists and degn arroan Artists. Me*. 14. And bo U further enacted, That when the Comptroller General .shall have received said digest, lie is hereby required to examine the same carefully, to delect any error or errors therein contained, and having corrected the same, If any shall he found to exist, he shall then foot up eaeh eolumn end ascertain the aggregate amount of each and oR the djgeete, and report the seme to his Excellency the Ooverner, who with the as sistance of the Comptroller shall assess such a rate percent, wot exceeding 1 l ith of ene per cent, on the entire amount es will raise an amount es revenue corresponding to the create of tin? flt.ite, and notify the several Tax Collectors throughout th# ot*t# of the rate per cent, so imposed, and Ihe amount te be e-dieted by him In each county. fee. 13. And bo tt farther enactal, That the amount so required to he assessed and collected, shall uot exceed the suia of three hundred and sevunty-five thousand dollars annually. fee. DJ. And bo U farther enaeied, That the amount of tax to he paid annually to the State upon the amount of real *ud ucreenal estate taxable under this act, shall be 1 12th of one per cent., which shall be levied and collected and ■ accounted for according to the existing law, together with t!i* poll tax end tax on practitioners of law, medicine, free nefroc'. dentists, and Doguerrean artists. feu. 17. Add be It farther oimcted by the authority afore oaid, That it shall be the duly of the Comptroller Ge neral, with the assistance of the Treasurer, after tho re turn* of taxes have been made by the tax receivers of the several counties in this Atate, te make an estimate of the sum total of taxes which will I* raised under this act ac- cording to the per cent. o***osed, *m<l If it should appear that the sum total should exceed the amount of taxes re quired by this mi to he raised ; then the Comptroller Ge neral ■'hail issue his drcalar directing the tax collectors of tills stnte to make such deduction In an equal rat io upon <m>ry thing taxed according to value, as will reduce (lie aum total of taxes, as nearly to the amount required by this act to be raised, as is practicable. The Comptroller speci fying the percent, deduction neoeesary to be made. soc. IS. And bo it fart/ter rruicteil. That the tax re ceivers and collectors shall rood re the s&iue compensation now allowed hy law. s*o. 12. Ami be ii farther mooted, That to net the digests as provided for in the 7th section of the act of 1543, for the receivers, the default list shall be deducted, and for the collectors the insolvent list shall he deducted from the total amount of the digests, and that ell taxes due and payable under any of the provisions of this act, shall b« paid in gold or silver, er in ue bills of specie paying Banks of this State. Bet\ 20. .! w<l bo it farther enacted, That the fourth au i fifth sections of an act passed the 92d of February, eighteen hundred amt fifty, to levy and collect a tax for e«ch of the political years, 1800 and 1801, and thereafter, be. ami the same are hereby continued in full force and ellVot, saving and excepting so much es the fourth section as j in the following words, to wit: not being over sixty years | of ago, or valueless from decrepitude er disease. Sec. 21. And be it farther etuicted. That nothing In this | act ghoßbe so construed as to relieve Banks, Railroads, or agencies of Foreign Banks from any special tax heretofore assessed on them or any of them. gee-. *»8. Ant be ii farther emitted, That all laws and parts of taws luiiiUtiug against this act, except such parts of the tax acts now in force In this State, as may bo ne cessary to carry out this act, and which are declared in full foroe, be, aud the same ar* hereby repealed. JAB. A. MERIWETHER, Speaker of the House of Represent stives. ! ANDREW J. MILLER, President of the Senate* Approved, 9th January, 1832. HOWELL COBB, Governor. SUPPLEMENTARY TAX ACT. AN ACT supplementary to an act, entited an act to levy i and collect A tax for the political years 1832 and Isa>2, ap proved January 9, 1802. WiiKasas, by fifteenth section of the above entitled act to lew and collect a Ux for the political years 1802 and 1808, it is enacted that the sum of three hundred and sev enty-five thousand dollars shall b* raised for the support »»f th Government of this it3t* for oach of said years; and whereas, by the fourteenth section of said act, it has been j further enacted, that to raise the said sura, foreald political ; years, not more than oue-twelfth of one i*er cent, shall ho j assessed on the actual value of all the property liable to j taxation under provisions of the above entitled act; and whereas, his Excellency, the Governor of this Btate, in j a sjMHrial message made to th* llous* of Representatives, j hes expressed his doubts whether the said sura of three ! hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars, neoeesary fur j the support of the government of this State for each of the laid political years 1802 and 1808, can be raised by the as- j eessment of only one-twelfth of one per cent, ou th* estima- j lrd value of the property subject to taxation under said j act, and h »th recommended to th* General Assembly, as a j precautionary measure, in case th* said rate per cent, spe- j cified in said act shall not be sufficient to raise the said sum \ for said politieal year* 1802 and 1858, to pass an act supple- j plementary to said act, authoriting him and the Comptrol ler General, on the return by th* several tax Receivers of ‘ thi* State of the Digest of property subject to taxation un der the pk ovision* of said act, and th* value of the same, \ and upon the examination and fating up of said Digest, it } oh all satisfactorily appear to them that the said sum of three hundred and seventy fir* thousand dollars cannot t>« raised by an assessment of one-twelfth of one per cent, * on the value r%turt»ed in said Digest, that they may be au- * thorite4 and empowered to increase the *ai \ rate per ci'nt ! so much, and no further, as may be sufficient to raise the > sold sum of three hundred and seventy-tiv* thousand dol lars aostforesoid I now, therefore, for remedy whereof SKvm*i Ist. Be it enacted by the Semite .j ml lb-use of Repreeentutire* of the State c*r Georgia, in General As- I §*M> !yMeL and it U hereby enacted by the authority f the*'itne. Tbit If, upon the return by the sevfral Tax' Re ccivers of thi« BUte. of thetr respective Digests, contain ing the profMfrty subject to taxation, and its value, iu pur justice of the provision* a« are contained in the said act en titled an art to levy and collect a tax for the political ysars 1852 aud I<%B. it *holl appear to hi* Excellency, the Gover nor. and Comptroller General of this State, upou the exami nation and footing up of th* *anxe, that the said suiu of three hundred and seventy-five thousand dollar*, necessary for the support of the Government of this State, for the said political veers, cannot be raised by an assessment of 1 ©ue-tweifih of one per cent- on the aggregige value of all the property a* returned by said Digest, and subject to tax- ; atio:i. then, iu such case, it shall and may be tarsal for his Excellency, the Governor aud Comptroller General of this Btauv and thev are hereby authorised to iatrees* the said rate por cent, specified in said ux act, so much, and no more or further, than wtU be sufficient to raise the said *ura of three hundred and seventy-five thousand dofiars, necessary for the support of the Government of thi* Stale for each of the political year* as aforesaid ; and thereupon forthwith to i**ue an order to each of the tax collectors of this State, requiring them, and each of them, to proceed aud collect and receive of and from each tax payer the amount of his tax at and after the rate per cent, so increased, and neces sary for the purposes aforesaid. gtc. 2. Ami l# it further enacted by the authority afore gaiil. That prben the Ux collector of any county shall here.ifter issue an execution for taxes in arrear, the same shall directed to all and singular the Sheriff; and -con st able* of this State, and shall be levied by either officer when the tax due doe* not exceed thirty dollars; but where the tax exceeds that sum, the execution shall be levied by the Sheriff alone, and said officers shall be liable to be proceeded against by rule in their respective court* os is prescribed by law in relation to other executions. Pec. 8. Awl be it further enacted by the authority afore • sai l, That all laws, or. partly of laws, militating against this act be, and the same aigßreby repealed. Approved January 21, AN ACT to require all Wills of personal property, to be ex ecuted and proved in the same manner as is now prescrib ed by law, for the execution and proof of Devisee of real estate. Bsc. 1. Be it by tho Senate and H&uoe of Reprc pouMhmefthostof Grtrfahi* Gonorai JmmUy Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel. tost, and U is hereby enacted by the authority of the same. That from and after the flr*t day of June next, all will* and testaments of personal property shall be in writing, and signed by the party *• willing and bequeathing tb« some, or by some other person in Li* presence, aud by his expres* di rections, and shall be attested and eubscribed in ths pres ence of the said i<;*tator hy three or four credible ritnttttt, er fL-« they shall be utterly void and of no effect. Skc. 2. A rid be Ufurther enacted by the authority afirre- OCUd, That all law* and parts of laws now' of force ia this Btate, and applicable to th* Kevocatieo es devise* of real es tate, shall ext«:.d to Wills and testaments of personal pro perty. b » - 3 A r»d be U farther mooted by the authority afbre mid, Thai all lews and parts of laws now es force in this Bute, pr' '•rioing the mode of proof of devise* es real estate, are hereby *xtended te Wills and testamsnu of personal property. nc. 4. And he it further enactefl by the authority afore e.aid, That this act shall not be construed te extend to nun cupative wills. N.o. 5. And be it further enacted by ths authority afore > •///. That as won os this act shall b* paired, it shall be th* duty of the Governor to cause the sains to be published in three or more of the public Gazette* *f this State, at least on- o in every wetik until the first day es June next, and that billatrsand parts es laws militatin'/against the previs:ens of this act, be and the same ar* hereby repealed. Approved 2let January, 1852. fob 6, wj 1 AN ACT to provide for the Education es the Poor. B r. nos 1. B* it enaeted by ihe General Assembly of the State of Georgia, That eighteen hundred and thirty-three shares of the capital stock of the Bank of the State of Geor gia, dfr.t. hum!ro*<l and ninety shares of the capital *to«k of tho Dank of Angueta, and on* hundred and eighty-six share* of the capital stock of th* Georgia Rail Read and Banking Company, all belonging to this 2>tote, be hereby sea apart as a permanent fund for the education of the poor, and Ui* said fund shall be increased by so many shares of th* capital stork of either of said banks as tan be pur chased with the unexpended balance, if there be any in the* Treasury, of tho thirty thousand Dollar* appropriated to dcfi oy the expenses of the State Convention of 1850, and with all tbe available asset s of the Central Dank, aft«r the payment of its debts, and the Treasurer of the btate is h' rs by required to make such purchase, in whole or in part, according to the means at any time available therefor, and the scrip of the blocks so belonging to the State, and is to Ire pun Iwod, shall he under the control and management of iii« Tre isurer for the purpose aforesaid. Si •. 2. 'Hie income of the permanent fund aforesaid shall Ire divided yearly among those counties which may have at tiie Treasury '.f this State by the firm of December, in each ye .r, li-is of their poor children, in the manner hereinafter pointed out, the division to be in preportion to th* number of names on tho respective lists and th* quota of each county, to be paid to the school cornmissioner’s order under the peal of his office. Bw. 8. The Ordinary of each county shall he ex officio school cotnini-sioner thereof, and shall take an oath and en ter into on obligation as part of his official bond as ordinary, to disen ar;re nU the duties of School Commissioner as pre scribed by this art, and to faithfully apply all the money which may coiue Into his hand* in that capacity: he shall also be entitled to retain as a compensation for his services a* such commissioner, two and one half per centum, upon ail such monies as he may receive, and the same per cen tum upon all such monies as he may pay out under the pro visions of tliis act. Provided, That no provision of die foregoing act shall repeal or militate against the provisions of an act assented to the 21th December, 1847, prescribing the mode of disbursing the Poor School fuad, end the elec tion of District Treasurers,, entitled an act to amend an act to provide for the education of the Poor, so far as th* counties of Lumpkin and Rabun are concerned. Huc. L And be it farther enacted, That all the duties imposed by the provisions of this act upon the Ordinaries of each county, shall, in the county of Chatham, be dis charged by the Justices of the Inferior Court, and the said Jusluv are hereby authorised to appoint one or more fit and proper person, who shall act a* School Commissioner or Coniiai.-H.oners for sa d county, and who shall discharge the duties imposed by this act, upon the select commissioner, under such regulations as the said Inferior Court may pre scribe. Bec. 6. And le it further enacted, That the county of I'nion be exempt from the provisions of this act, and that the Poor School fund of said county, be disbursed under the heretofore existing law. Provided, that said county is not to be exuuded from the benefits of any fund raised under this act. rs. <>. The duties of School commissioner in each county, shall be the following : he shall levy and cause to be col lected by the Tax Collector of the county, such tax as may he recommended by the Grand Jury of the first Superior Court in each year, for the purpose of educating the poor, and shall take charge of the same when collected. He shall, each year, between the first of September and the first of November, make and keep in a book for that purpose, a IKt of all such children in the county, between the ages of eight and sixteen years, as he nuiy deem unable from the poverty of themselves or parents, to procure a plain Eng ji >h Education, without public assistance; and to assist him in making such list, he shall appoint two persons in each Militia D. trict to give him information respecting the poor children thereof, which persons, shall take an oath, in wri ting, before the Ordinary, to faithfully discharge the duties of lluir appointment, and to return only such children as in their opinion are entitled to the benefits of this act —lit shall, within the week of November, each year, forward one copy of said lidt for that year to the Treasurer of this State, and shall by the first of December, in each year, have at tbe State Treasury, his order under the seal of his office, lor the quota of his county, in the State dividend aforesaid, —he shall lay a copy of this list for the year next last, be fore the Grand Jury of the first court in each year, and shall also lay before them his written estimate of what county tax w ill bo necessary to secure the tuition of all such children a; may be entitled to be placed on the list for the year then present—he shall pay teachers of poor children in the fol lowing manner, that is to say : he shall keep on file every such account for the tuition of children on the list for each year a* shall lie rendered to him. on or before the 25th of December, in that year, proven by the oath of the Teachers, specifying the number of days each child was taught, not exceeding the usual rates of such teachers, nor exceeding such maximum as may be established by the Ordinary in each county ; and after the 25th of December, he shall pro ceed to pay all such accounts in full, if the funds in hand bv sufficient, or rateably, if insufficient, and always keeping as a fund for the next year, any surplus which may he left. Buo. 7. The Judges of the Superior Courts shall give this act specially in charge to the grand juries of the first Courts in each year, together with suggestions and arguments upon the duty and policy of educating the poor. Provided, that the returns of poor children iu th* counties, embraced in the third and fifth sections of this net, shall be made un der the oath and in the manner prescribed in the sixth see lion; and ordinaries in said counties, shall be entitled to re tain their commissions on the State fund received, but not on its disbursement. Fix. 6. All laws and parts of laws at all conflicting with this uot are hereby repealed . JAS. A. MERIWETHER, Speaker of the House of Representatives. ANDREW J. MILLER, President of the Senate. Approved, 22d January, 1852. HOWELL COBB, Governor. AN ACT for the relief of married women whose huebands I have deserted them. Bkc. 1. Be U enacted by the Senate end House of Rep- 1 resentatices of the State qf Georgia in General Assembly convened, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That in all cases where a married woman has been deserted by her husband, and has, white se deserted, by her exertions and those es her children, or otherwise ac quired property of any kind, the same shall be exempt from the payment of said husbands'# debts, and bt vetted in said married woman, for her sole and separate use, sot subject to the debts, contracts or control of said husband. Approved December 80,1851. AN ACT to amend the net of eighteen hundred and thirty eight, regulating the taking testimony in certain case*. Sar. i. Be it enacted by the Senate and Ilouse t(f llcp rosentativos qf the Stoic of Georgia in General Assembly «i*A, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same. That in addition to the rase* already specified in the act assented to twenty-eighth December, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight, the party plaintiff or defendant, where he hits but a single witness te provs any particular point or fuel in his case, may take his testimony by commission ex actly ns in c.m*s provided for by said act of eighteen hun dred aud thirty-eight, with the restrictions and limitations therein set forth. Approved, January 5,1852. S9OO REWARD ! T> ASA WAY Oil STOLE*, from the J'uhscrl--. IV her. in Oglethorpe county, fla, on Monday c© night thoJ IMh March lost, my negro boy DOCTOR'jk alias ALEXANDER, nineteen years old, yellow•om-*JL£. plexion, rhunkt y built, walks with his toes inclined inward ly, marked by the small pox, and wore off whon he left a walnut-died wool liut. I will give S2O reward for the boy, .or his confinement in any safe Jail so that I can get him ; or S2OO reward for the boy and the person who stole him, if stolen, and proof sufficient to convict him. NOTICE TO JAILORS.—Jailors are requested to regard the description of the boy, and not his mere statemeut as to his owner, ns he may and probably will attempt to de ceive them. Any information concerning the above boy will be liberally rewarded and thankfully received. My residence is in Oglethorpe county Georgia, and my Post Office Brookline, Madison co. Ga. 1 W 4 ARCHER GRIFFITH. UA.\ VWAY from mein Burke county, on the mj, 17til inst.,my Boy SAM ; blacksmith by trade. vV lie is chunkrv built, about 80 years of age, 5 feet 5 or 0 inches high, of dark complexion, and weighs «Aa. about l(k» pounds ; he has a bad countenance, and works left banded; be has a bad cut on his right arm ; he was bought from Simeons A l.oe, about a year ago. lie is sup posed to b© lurking Augusta or South Carolina. A liberal reward will be given to any person that will lodge him in any jail co lean get him. ap22-4w JOHN ATTAWAT. STOP THE VILLAIN. TY AX A WAY from the subscriber, on ths sth m + IV Inst., (After having knocked his young master down with an axe, fracturing his skull considerably, and leaving him, as he supposed, dead) a bright mu- teiA latto (nearly white) Boy, *bout 21 years old, named HEN RY, chunky built, about 5 feet 8 inches high, with light sandy or brown hair, rather coarse and bushy, and inclined to curl a little, gray eyes, cheeks frequently flush, and is much given to smoking; has on his left hand, just where the forefinger leaves it, a large scar from a knife; his left leg, also, has a large scar from a burn, th* leader of the ham having been considerably drawn, so that the left leg is a liitls more erooked than the other. Both legs are in clined to knock-knee. He is of a lively turn, and can do a little at dro.-sing plank and putting up weatherboarding, and may attempt to pass himself as a carpenter, and will, no doubt, try to puss as a white or free man, under the name of MATIIENYS. It is confidently hoped and believed that the publit, and especially every father, will take soma interest iu apprehendiug aud bringing to justice so daring a villiou. A liberal compensation will be given for his apprehen sion aud delivery iu any jail so that 1 vet him. PITT S. MILNER. Barnesviile, Feb. 16,1553. fe2o-6m UWThe Tri-weekly Savannah Republican and Colum bus Enquirer will please copy for two months. P. S. M. GLENDINNING A CO’S M AIIDLE WOlUiss, Broad street, Augusta, Georgia, Whore we have on hand and will continue to keep a large stock of both Italian and American Marble, for Monuments, Toombs, Head Stones, 4kc. f to which we res pectfully call the attentiou of those wanting work in our iue. We are now preparetno fill all orders at short no tice, in as good style and as low as work of ths same quality can be furnished for from any establishment in the United States. Plans aud prices will bs sent those who cannot call au i examine for themselves. P. B.—Orders from the country executed with neatness and despatch. d 27 PHILIP A. MOTSE, «T’/ msuc? »n,t medicines, paints, otta, cti V :/ DYE STUFFS, WINDOW GLASS, IIRISII- Yu £3 ES, PERFUMERY, patent medicines, £» INSTRUMENTS, Ac., Ac. Xo. IPS Biyxtd Street, Augusta, Georgia , Has nowon hand a very large Stock of the above articles, which .are offered for sale at very low prices, and on accom modating terms. gST Country Merchants, Physicians and Planters art invited to call and examine, before purchasing elsewhere, jnlthw • _______ DISSOLUTION OF COPARTNERSHIP. TIIK l-OPARTSKRSHIP heretofore existing under the fi-rn of KERRS A HOPE, in this City, »nd of KERRS, HOPE A CO., in Now York, tins been diwoWed by the death of ANDREW KERR, and by mutual consent »f th’’ surviving partners. The bu«in«. of th. Copartnership will he settled by either of the tubserihera, who will sign the name of the firm in liquidation. JOHN KERR, JAMES HOPS, JOHN HOPE, Survivor*. Notice is given, that debts dne KERRS A HOPE, unites paid, or satisfactorily arranged during the present ppring, must necessarily, m,J without any exception, be But In kit. mhlT-ddAwSc. LOOK HERE. T'HK SU*SrniBKH offers for Sale his RESIDENCE L in ltosweU, Cobb county, furnished thoroughly. There are 5 Acres of Land attached to the house, all under good fences— with aP, necessary out-buii.iings. The house is one ■ of the best finished and most desirable in the Cherokee : Country. Roswe'l is 18 miles from Marietta, and is consid ered, both „ n account of its society and location, one of the : moss delightful In th. State. Also, a fine Farm, containing ,TT’ S ■*•'> acres of Land, (about 200 cleared,! a won fiiushed an.l comfortable House, with suitable ™* t.uil,hug., together with every thing necessary to carry oa , which is now under cultivation. The above will 1 V->.'?*’»" pr ’*P**»'ely, and possession given as soon ' *'!Ua!w-.ia^Forftuther particulars, enquire of few-dawdAwtf ROBERT A. LEWIS, Savannah. IV’tnTnuMn* L | > T l,S ’ Pf warranted quality, furnished at-jfr P“‘up in bolts to order. anditlteWqSi^X^aAib; I’l 1 ’ 1 Mm S * CC “’ eh “ P WM. R. SCHIRMER, i Awctiwa. G NOTE LO6T. T ObT OH STOUEYjRsm m , in Bark . 1j county, a POCKET BOOK. eontainkT? Note of One Hundred and Ten Dollars dsfJ! , October 11. Usl, made hy Michael US able to Timothy Donovan. 1 forewarn all t>er*rn« mina* ; trailing for said Note. jaJfl-tf TIMOTHY DOSOVAdf * LAND FOR SALE IN COLUMBIA COUNTY rpllK SI BSCRIBER offers for sale 187 , t res of LAND I in Columbia County, 18 mile* from Augusta near the ! Georgia Kail Hoad, 1 mile from Bertelia Depot. ’ B*id fond j is all in the woods, except about 10 acres, and i* veil Urn • be rod, with fine Blackjack ami Light wood. The furthest ! point from the Kail Road is about 1,400 yards. There is a i new Log HOUSE, 25 feet long by 20 wide, nearly complete and Com Crib, 14 by 18 feet. There is also a Spring of ex cellent water on it, and for health it cannot be surpaoeed in this section of country. The society is good. There is a Methodist Church in 400 yards of the hous**. Any person wishing to purchase would do well to call and see it, os a bargain will be given, if application be mode soon. ii. X. UVU2J.NEAKE, a»« Dwtvds, ; 1852. PROSPECTUS 1852. OF THB ’ SOM CULTIVATOR VOLUME X FOR 1352. Dr. DI3IEL LEE, D. BEDSOVD, _E:>nys. | Ajc<;TX>'T &DITOB. TEEMS — ONE DOLLAR A YEAE IN ADVANCE. The Sui.thebx Cci.tivator ititumed .very month, and i» eiclu»ively devoted t» Agriculture, Horti culture, Floriculture, Domestic and Farm Economy, Tillage and Ilofcbandry, the Breeding aud Haiarinr of Domestic Animals. Poultry and Bees, and the general routine of Southern Flaming and Farrninsr. The new volume for 1852, will be issued on a roval octavo aheet of 32 pa_'cs. with NEW TYPE, FlNtv PAPER, AND BEAUTIFUL ILLUSTRATIONS! It will contain a much water amount of matter than heretofore —will discuss a greater variety of topics, and will be in every respect the best Agri ci ltckai. Paper is tue Soctu 1 and equal to aay in the Union! Friends of Sontbern Agriculture!! As the Ccltjvatob was the First journal established in the Cotton Growing States, exclusively devoted to the interests of the Planter; and as it has ever been an earnest and consistent advocate of those interests, we confidently hope that, having fostered and sustained it thus lur. your cordial and generous support will still be continued. Plasters, Farmers, Gardeners. Fecit Growers, Stock Kaisers, Ncksertmes, and all in any way with the cultivation of the soil, will dad the Somu.RN Ci ltivator replete with new and valua ble information: and richly worth ten times the rilling sum at which it is afforded. TERMS OF THE CULTIVATOR : ONE copy, one year, ::::::: $ 1.00 SIX copies, :::::::::: 1.00 TWELVE copies, :::::::: 10.00 TWENTY-FIVE copies, :::::: $20.00 FIFTY copies, : : : :::::: 87.50 ONE HUNDRED copies, :::::: 75.00 ALWAYS IN ADVANCE- T-ts Gentlemen who obtain subscriptions, will please forward them as early as possible. All bills of specie paying Banks received at par—and all money sent by mall will be at our risit. W. S. JONES, Publisher. Angusta, On., January 1,1852. .THE REMEDY FOUND AT LAST. TRIBMrIIA.VT ttUCCESfe has attended the u*e es Shat wonderful Ointment MARSHALL’S MAGICAL PAIN EKADICATOR. Every body that has used it, speaks well of it, and what “every l>ody says must be true.” Since the first of January last, upwards of 700 Certifi cates have been received, testifying to the good effects and Superiority of Marshall’s Magical Pain Eradicator. In some very few instances this preparation has not given entire satisfaction, but just look, for a moment, at the number who have been benefltted. Seven hundred voluntary tes timonials have been given, and certainly not less than five times this number have experienced the good effects of this Ointment, in the same space of time. The public will please bear in mind that this is a purely Southern preparation, and is entitled to the patronage of Southern people. As no charge its made, should no be nefit be received, give it a fair trial, and in ninety cases out of a hundred the greatest success will be sure to follow. For further particulars, and a number of certificates, you are referred to the pamphlets, to be had at any of the Agencies. The diseases which Marshall’s Eradicator will cure, are Rheumatism, Acute and Chronic, Lumbago, Painful Nerves, Scrufula, Spinal Affections, Dislocations, Sprains, <Kdemntous Swellings, Tumors, Ganglions, Nodes, Wens, Bruises, Strains, Weak Joints, Contracted Tendons, llead-Ache, Gout, Palsy. Tooth-Ach, Ac. For sale by Jl AVI LAND, RISLEY A Co., Augusta, Ga. 1). B. PLUMB A Co., do. do. D’ANTIGNAC A BARRY, do. do. BARRETT A CARTER, do. do. WM. K. KITCHEN, do. do. W. H. TUTT, do. do. P. A. MOISE, do. do. And by W. 11. AJ. TURPIN Proprietors, do. de. It is also for sale throughout the State, by the principal Druggists. N. B.—Be careful to look for the written signature of J E. Marshall on the wrapper of each box. None is geniiim without it. 026 GUNfel CBJiSl^a On Mclntosh street, tico doors from Georgia Railroad Bank. JUST RECEIVED, per steamer Africa, the largest and best assortment of ENGLISH GUNS ever offer ed in this city, comprising every variety, from London aifd Birmingham makers, at the lowest rates for cash. Double aud Single Barrelled GUNS, all sizes and prices. A fine assortment of Single and Double Barrelled GUNS for boys. RIFLES and Double GUNS, of my own make, one barrel Rifle and the other Shot, a line article for hunting deer and Turkies. Colts’, Allen’s, and other REVOLVERS; also Single bar relled, Self Cocking and Rifle PISTOLS, cast steel barrels. Common Pistols, all kinds ; Percussion CAPS, of Wester ly Richard’s, Cox’s water proof, Walker’s and G. D. French, and Military Caps. A great variety of Powder FLASKS, Shot BELTS, and Game BAGS, of the finest Patterns. Also, Wash Rods, Drinking Flasks and Cups, Nipple Wrenches, Pocket Compasses, Screw Drivers, fine large hunting Horns, and everything in the Sporting line. Being a practical Gun Maker myself, and having these guns made to my order, expressly for this market, persons buying will get a much better articles than is sold at the Hard ware Stores, and at equally low pricee, and all warrant ed to shoot well. Powder and Shot, Wholesale and Retail, all varieties. N. B.—RIFLES made to order, and all kinds es Repair ing and re-stocking GUNS, done in the best manner and warrapted. 010-ly E. 11. ROGERS. REUBEN RICH’S PATENT CENTRE VENT WA TER WHEEL. CAUTIOiV.—IIaving been informed that a certain per son named Reed, is vending a Water Wheel upon which the water Is conducted by means of a spirial scroll, as upon Reuben Rich’s “Patent Centre Vent,” we hereby notify and caution the public, that w'e will prosecute, in ail in stances, for any evasion or infringement upon said patent, both the maker and party using, and will be thankful for any information referring us to parties thus trespassing. GIN DRAT k CO. Montgomery, Ala., June 11, 1850. je2l-tf THE MONTGOMERY MANUFACTURING COM PANY’S IRON WORKS. MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA. MAINTFACTL'Rfi, in superior style, Horizontal and Upright STEAM ENGINES, of all sizes; Steam BOILERS ; LOCOMOTIVES ; Cast Iron WATER WHEELS; Sugar MILLS ; Saw and Grist Mill IRONS, of every varie ty, (including Iloxie'scontinuous feet for Saw Mills;) En gine and Hand LATHES; Iron and Brass CASTINGS, of all kinds, Ac., Ac. All orders filled with despatch. ap22 GTNDRATACO._ IMPORTANT TO MILL OWNERS AND MANU . FACTUKEUS. Unrivalled Improvement in Water Wheels. TilK Sl'DritTlltiLKS are sole agents for making and vending the best Water Wheel in the world, known as Vandewater's Water Wheel. We challenge the World to produce its equal. It has but recently been introduced to the public, aud found to be far in advance of all other wheels, both in power and economy in water, every drop be iug effective, and none wasted. This Wheel is not in the least affected by back water. As we prefer them being placed below tail water in every instance, consequently we get every inch of head; they being entirely of cast iron, simple of construction, are not liable to get out of order, and are more durable than any wheel now in use. We have recently put one in operation for George Schley, Esq., at his Belviile cotton factory, to whom we would give reference. See certificate annexed. • All orders for Wheels or Territorial Rights, will meet with attention by addressing the subscribers. JAGGER, TREADWELL A PERRY. Albany, New York. Or to their Agent, J. J. Kibbe, Augusta. [certificate.] Augusta, Ga., March 24,1851. Jngger, Treadwell A Perry—Gentlemenl have the gratification of informing you that your Y&ndewater Wheel was successfully put in operation at my factory last week, and it worked to perfection. Its simplicity, durability, and uniformity of speed, ar* recommendations alone ; but above ail, its highest encomium is the small quantity of water it takes as compared with other wheels. I have been using on* of Reuben Rich's Centre Vent Wheels, of three feet and a half diameter, and eleven inch bucket, the discharge openings measuring 4tm inches. I displaced that and put in one of yours of six feet diameter, with discharge open ings measuring 270 inches, and your wheel run the same amount of machinery that the Rich Wheel had driven, and there was a difference in favor of yours of eight inches in the depth of water in the tail race. I feel no hesitation in recommending your wheel to all manufacturers and mill owners, believing it Is the greatest wheel of the age. Wish ing you success in the introducton of ro valuable an im provement, 1 maiii/jvery respectfully, yonrs, Ac. mh26-wly GEORGE SCHLEY. IMPORTANT TO MANUFACTURERS. Tlltt SUBSCRIBERS are prepared to supply all kinds of COTTON AND WOOLEN MACHINERY, of a superior qur ,; ty, SHAFTING and MILL GEARING, with improved Coupling and Pulleys, Self-Oiling Hangers (which require oiling only once in three months); LOOMS, of a great variety of Patterns, for Fancy and Twilled Goods, from One to Eighteen Shuttles; also, for Plain Goods, capa ble of running from 15u to 170 picks per minute. They are enabled, from their extensive improvements, to. produce YARNS and GOODS, with comparatively little labor; and all Manufacturers, before purchasing their Ma chinery, will do well to visit Philadelphia and vicinity, where they can see the Machinery with all the latest im provements, in full and successful operation ; or they can be referred to Factories in almost every Stats South and West, by addressing a line to the Subscribers. ALFRED JENKS A SON, Feb. 1802. fels-ly Bridesburg, near Philadelphia. N. B. Factories, with the location of Machinery, the simplest method of driving, and calculation of speed, furnished free of charge. _ wly^ AUGUSTA^FRENCHBUBR MILL STONE MANU FACTORY. THE subscriber, thankful for the kind patronage heretofore extended to the late firm of Schirmer A Wigaxd, would respectfully inform his friends and the public, that he contin ues to execute orders for his well known Warranted French BURR MILL STONES, of every desirable size, at ths lowest price and shortest notice. He also furnishes ESOPCS and COLOGNE STONES, SMUT MACHINES, of various patterns, BOLTING CLOTHS, of the best brand, CEMENT, for Mill use. And every other artiete necessary in a Mill. Also, for Planters, small GRIST MILLS to attach to Gia Gears. All orders promptly attended to. WM. R. SCHIRMER, jalS wtf Surviving partner of Schirmer A Wigand. STRAYED, FROM my residence in Hancock county, on /7V-*~ ! the lfith inst., eight miles north of Sparta, a y ’ Bay MARE, 9 or 10 years old, nicked tail, and some marks of the Collar on the shoulders; also, a scare on, 1 think, the right fore leg below the knee. Also, at the same time strayed, a black Filly, three years old this Spring, with I think one white hind foot, and a star in the forehead. No other marks recollected. mj2o-w4 WM. AMOSS. ~ NOTICE. VLL PERSONS are hereby forewarned trading for four Promissory NOTES, of Thirty Dollars each,dated January 5,1852; signed by me. and made payable to Elias W. Wiggins, and due the first day of January uext. as the consideration for which said Notes were given is likely to fail: hence, the purchaser will buy a law suit. BENJAMIN AYER. Cushingvil’e C. R. Road. Burke co., Ga. my2l-w8 ; VIA. PERSONS are fo»inrned against trading for a certain Promissory NOTE, given by Mr. John A. Houston, payable to myself, or bearer, for between Six and Seven Hundred Dollars, which has been lost or mislaid, and a new note given for the some. The precise amount, as well as the date of the note, not recollected, but believed to have been given between the Ist January and the last of March 1552. THOMAS McKIE. Edgefield Diet., S. C„ May 14.1852. my 10-dIAwS SALE AND REMOVAL. THE UNDERSIGNED, in contemplation of an early removal to Atlanta, .offers for sale, on liberal terms, his HOUSE and LOT. at this place, conveniently situated and well improved, with a commodious Two story Dwelling, well finished, a brick Kitchen, a well of water unsurpassed, all necessary out-buildings. TOJtf Acres Land attached, an orchard well supplied with choice Fruits. Also, 174 Acres of LAND. 1 h miles from the village, mostly in the woods, and heavily timbered. GREENE B. HAYGOOD. Watkins viile. May 5,1 $52. my9-w3 CONFECTIONARIES. BY a. FREDERICK. Pri(*> ot WheUtaU rtduceti to 15 cent* per Pound. CANDIES, of my own manufacture, made of the belt of Suyxr, I am now sefimg in boxes, containing 25, 50 and 100 pounds, assorted flavors, at 15 cents a pound for “ sh - -ALSO- Deals in Raisins, Figs, Prunes, Citron. Currants, Dates, Almonds, and other Nuts; Oranges, Lemons, Pine Apples, Bananas. Ac. ® ’ —SUNDRIES— Preserves, Pickles, Fruits in Brandy,-Jellies, Sardines, Lobsters, Salmon, London Porter, Champagne Wine. Lemon Syrup, Cordials, Seyars, Ac. ip2l-d<itw2wAwlm UHI CULTURAL I.MFIL- q. . ~ MEXTS.—The undersigned are row receiving from the manufactur- g-i er* at the North, and will keep con stoutly on hand a large assortment of the best AGRICUL TCRAL IMPLEMENTS to be had in N«w York or New England, or this city, and adapted to Southern Husbandry, which they will sell low for cash. CARRICUAEL k BEAN, Auguste, Georgia, AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY, MAY 26, 1852. I WEEKLY CHRONICLE i SENTINEL HgiMM. MAT VERSES nr auen caunr. Do you bear the wild bird’s calling— Do you hear them, oh my heart ? Do you see the blue air failing From their rushing wings apart ? With young mosses they are flocking, For they hear tbe laughiug breose, With dewy fingers rocking Their cradles in the trees! With nature's bosom holden, ’Till the wintry storms were dene, Little violets, white and golden, Now are leaning to the sun. With its stars the box is florid. And the wild-flower, sweet to view, Hath uncovered its pale forehead To the kisses of the dew. While thousand blossoms tender, As coquettishiy as they, Are sunning their wild splendor Xn tbe blue eyes of the May! In the water softly dimpled— Iu the flower-enameled sod— How beautifully exampled Is the providence of God! From the insect’s little story To the farthest star above, Ail are waves of glory, glory, , In the ocean of his love. The Call to Pkayeh.— Among the many beauti ful allusions to tho solemn and soothing sound of the “ church-going bell,” as it rings out on the clear morning air of the Sabbath, commond us to the following quaint, yet surpassingly effective hoinily, from the pen of the gifted Jerrold, the well known author of “St.. Giles and St. James.” There is something beautiful in the church bells. Beautiful and hopeful. They talk to high and low, rich and poor, in tho same voice; there is a Bound in them that should scare pride and envy, and meanness of all sorts from the heart of man ; that should make him look on tho world with kind, forgiving eyes; that should make the earth seem to him, at least for n time, a holy place. Y es; there is a whole sermon in tho very sound of the church bells, if we only have the cars to under stand it; there is a preacher in every belfry that cries—“ Boor, weary, struggling, fighting creatures —poor human tilings, take rest, bo quiet. Forgot your vanities, your follies, your week-day craft.” And you, ye human vessels, gilt and painted, believe the iron tongue that tells ye that, for all your gilding, all your colors, yc are the sam<r Ad inn’s earth, with the beggars in vour gates. Come away, come, cries the church bell, and learn to be humble; learn thut, however daubed and stained about, with jewels, you are butgrave clay! Come Divea, come, and be’ taught that all your glory, as you wear it, is not half so beautiful iu the eye of heaaven, as the Bores of the uncomplain ing Lazarus; and ye, poor creatures, livid and faint—stained and crushed by the pride and hard ships of the world—come, come, cries the bell, with the voice of an angel—come and learn what is laid up for ye. And learning, take heart, and walk amidst the wickedness, the cruelties of the world, calmly as Daniel walked among the lions. Immorality. —ls we wholly perish with the body, what an imposture is this whole system of laws, mnnners and usages on which human society is founded! If we wholly perish with the body, these maxims of charity, patience, justice, honor, gratitude and friendship, which sages have taught and good men have practised, what are they but empty words, possessing no real, binding efficacy t Why should we heed them, if in this life only wc have hope ? Speak not of duty. What can wo owe to the dead, to the living, to ourselves, if all are, or will be, nothing 1 Who sliull dictate our duty, if not our own pleasures, if not own pas sions? Speak not of morality. It is a mere chime ra, a bugbear of human invention, if retribution terminate with the grave. If we must wholly perish, what to us aro the sweet ties of kindred J what tho tender names of parent, child, sister, brother, husband, wife or friend ? The character of a drama are not more illusive. We have no ancestors, no descendants — since succession cannot he predicted of nothing ness. Would we honor the illustrious dead? How absurd to honor that which has no existence? Would wc take thought for posterity ? How frivo lous to concern ourselves torthoso whoso end,like our own, must soon be annihilation ? Have we made n promise ? How can it hind nothing to nothing ? Perjury is but a jest. The last injunctions of the dying—what sanctity have they, more than the last sound of a chorct that is snapped of an instru ment that is broken ? To sum up all: If we must wholly perish, then is obedience to the laws but an insensate servitude; rulers and magistrates are but the phantoms which popular imbecility has raised up; justice is but an unwarrantable infringement upon the liberty of men—an imposition, a usurpation: the law of marriage is a vain scruple; modesty a prejudice; honor and probity, such stuff as dreams arc made of; and incests, murders, parracides, tho most heartless cruelties, and the blackest crimes, are but the legitimate sports of man’s irresponsible nature; while the harsh epithets attached to them are merely such as the polity of legislator has in vented aiid imposed on the credulity of the peo ple. Here is the issue to which the vauntod philoso phy of unbelievers must inevitably lead! Here is that social felicity, that sway of reason, that eman cipation of error, of which they eternally prate, as the fruit of their doetrinos! Accept their maxims, and the whole world fall* back into the most frightful chaos; and all tho relations of life are confounded ; and all ideas of vice and virture re versed; and the most inviolable laws of society vanish and all moral dcciplmo perishes; and the government of states and nations has no longer any cement to uphold it; and all the harmony of the body politic becomes discord; and the human race is no more than an assemblage of reckless barbarians, sameless, remorseless, brutal, denatu ralized, with no other cheek than passion, no other bond than irreligion, no other God than self! Such would be the world which impiety would be this world, were n belief in God and immortality to die out of tho human heart.— Massillon. A Good Example. —For the past three years the Messrs. Hoe & Co., the eminent printing press manufacturers of New York, have maintained at their own expense an evening school for the in struction of their apprentices and employees, in Mathematics, the Exact Sciences, Mechanical Draw ing, the French and English Languages, Ac.— Every one of their many apprentices is required to give a punctual attendance at the school, which is also opened to such adult members of tile estab lishment as choose to attend. Two teachers, Messrs. O’Gorman and Diak, arc regularly em ployed, and Prof. Hyatt has just been engaged to give a course of lectures on Experimental Philoso phy, which arc now being delivcted, and will closo tho winter term. They are attended by nearly all the workmen, as well as all the apprentices. We mention these facts because we consider them wor thy of being imitated by other large employers of laboring men. And while we have not the slight est doubt that tho Messrs. Iloe A Co. established this school without a thought ns to whether they should gain or lose by it pecuniarily, wc cannot but think that they reap an advantage in tho increased intelligence of their workmen, and their increased regard for the proprietors of the establishment, which more than compensates for the considerable outlay which this school involves.—A*. O. Pic. TnREE Children Blown up bt Gunpowder.— A dreadful accident recently occurred in Upper Selkirk Township, Montgomery County, Pa., by which three children were killed and another was severely wounded. It appears, says the Norristown Watchman, that Mr. Seagrist had been to one of the neighboring powder mills, with a load of empty kegs, where lie purelmsed about four pounds of powder, which lie took home with him. During the absence of him self and wife, the children, by some means, got possession of the powder, and while playing with it near the stove, it ignited, killing a boy aged about nine years almost instantly, and injuring two others, aged about four and six years, so badly that they died shortly after; a small child lying in the cradle was also burnt so severely that it was not expected to recover. A neighbor named Sor ver, who was engaged in chopping wood close by, hearing the explosion and seeing the smoke, ran to the spot, when lie perceived two of the boys, with their clothes entirely burned off, with the ex ception of theirsuspenders and a small particle of clothing around their waist*—ons of which was running towards the barn, and the other lying in a mud hole. Upon entering the house, he found the other hoy lying dead upon the floor, and a lit tle’chilcMying in the cradle crying—the clothes of which were on fire. The little tiling wn burned very severely, but at last accounts was still living, though its sufferings were intense, and but little prospect for its recovery. The two boys survived tlieir brother but a short time, and the three were hurried in the Kidge Valley burying ground, on. Sunday last. This is one of the most horrible and distressing accidents that has ever fallen to our lot to record, as by one fell swoop, a whole family of interesting children is destroyed, and a fond father and affectionate mother left to meurn the untimely end of their little ones. The Black Maubran.— Mr. Walsh, in his Paris letter of the 25th of March, to the New York Journal of Commerce, gives an account of a musi cal party at the house of a Legitimist lady of rank and literary eminence, in which he says, “The cu riosity—the phenomenon- —of the evening, was a negress, styled in this capital tho Black Malibran. She is from liaianaand acquired there the reputa tion of a musical prodigy. She seems to be about 25 years old; her complexion the Sambo, Floren tine bronze—woolly hair. Her charms were dis plaved without tint: arms, neck and shoulders bare; bust and arms beautifully turned; thick lips, scarlet gums, white teeth, short stature. She played tlie guitar beautifully aud gracefully, accom pany ing herself in the Spanish lays—some comic— which she executed with signal effect. If I had shut my eyes, I might have fancied myself in Old Virginia, listening to the good banjo and the pe culiar mellow tones of the African sex. Her feet were raised on a cushion, and as she struck—l will not say, unjustly, thrummed—her fine guitar, with her frame drawn up, some of the la dies remarked that they might have imagined her a Chimpanzee, brought from the Garden of Plants, and dressed for the occasion. Her grimaces excited as lively a sensation as her melodies. Her toilette was a white silk, with two deep flounces of superb costly lace, (cost perhaps fi\ # hundred francs,) strikingly contrasted with the color of her skin ; the corsage was cut low as pos sible ; no sleeve, literally ; on her neck, a rich string of pearls, fastened with a clasp of brilliants ; earings and bracelets of gold and diamonds; a quantity of bright artificial flowers on her head ; white satin slippers, etc. A Provident Couple.— A person writing from San Francisco to the Newport News, gives the fol lowing incident: Two common looking persons entered the hotel this morning, just from the mines—a man and wife. The male individual looked for all the world like a day-laborer, and the female bors a close re semblance to an Irish scallion. She wore coarse, Tulgar brogans, and to her girdle was attached a gold watch and chain, valued at least at two hun dred dollars. The husband left the hotel for half an hour, and returned with a receipt for one hun dred and fifteen thousand dollars, the value ot the dust which he had just consigned for transporta tion to New York. This sunThas been gained by digging. The husband dug while the wife wash ed, assisted by her little son, aged about ten years. Unprecedented Despatch—Papers onlt 68 Hours from New York. — On Saturday night, at 9 o’clock, we had in our possession a file of New York papers of Thnrsdav, the 6th inst., and which were started from that place at 6 o’clock the even ing of that date. They lay over in Cincinnati some twelve hoars, and still*reached ns in the remarka ble short time of 63 hour* from the time they left New York. For them we are indebted to the kindness of our esteemed friend T. B. Johnson, Esq., mail agent on the Ben Franklin, who haa just returned from e ehort businese trip to be j East. This is bringing New York and Looiaville ; pretty cloee together, end before this year closes ' they will bt ttSl nearer.— Lovwnili Cbw, The Missionary History of the Late Dr. Judsou. Rev. William Hague, D. D., wa* invited to deliv er before the American Baptist Union, in Tremont Temple, Boston, their Anniversary Sermon, which he accepted, choosing for his theme, the missiona ry history of the late Rev. Dr. Judson. In com pliance with a general desire, it was repeated in his own, the South Baptist Church in this city ; and from a report of it, we condense the principal events in the Life of Dr. Judson, the poineer of missions in India. He *hosc for his text, Acts xiii 36. —Xsicark Advertiser. The year that has passed since we were last as sembled lias been marked by two events to eaeh of which belongs the dignity of an historical era. One of these events is the completion of the half century. While now, as from a “Mouut of Vis ton,” we look back upon the scenes which it has unfolded, we hail with joy new proofs of the fulfilment of those promises which evoke the hres of ancient prophets, aud catch new glimpses of a profound plan for tho redemption of our. fallen raoe, which the Almighty is urging forward to a glorious consummation. Never b- within as brief a period, has man acquired so great a power over the elements of material nature—never be fore have those great proofs which are the germs of auspicious changes iu society and government been so widely spread amongst civilized nations ; and never before nas Christianity gained such sub stantial conquests in those vast Eastern realms, where the superstitions of Budah and Bramah, havo brooded iqr so many centuries over the minds ot beuighted millions. It was a law of ancient Is rael, thut every 50th year should be hallowed us a iubilee ; and surely, the Christian Israel has never tad more fitting occasion than that which is fur nished by the present tiuie, to lift up the song of triumph aud hope. At the opening of this period, clouds and darkness covered the firmament of Eu rope ; the morul earthquake which convulsed Franco to its centre, vibrated throughout Chris tendom ; the old world was rocking on its founda-' t!on, ami the wisest statesmen, philosophers and philanthropists, despaired of tho fortunes of the race. But amidst those scenes of portentous gloom, the Scripture was verified which saitli, “light is sown for the righteous j” the spirit of missionary heroism was then kindled afresh as with the breath of the Almighty; the churches of Christ were then rallying for a concerted onset against the powers of darkness in those lands where their sway had been undisputed; the small beginnings which were the jeer and mock of world ly wisdom, have thriven iuto an enterprise which has gained the homage of the world ; a deep pre sentiment of defeat has struck tho heart of hea thenism, and the Christians of Europe and Ameri ca, call to each other in joyous songs which cele brate tho spreading triumphs of the cross. Tiie other event to which we have referred, is the death of that distinguished leader of the missionary en terprise, Adouiram Judson,whose eyes were closed ou the scenes of earth on the 12th of April, 1850, while on board tho French barque Marie Aristide, and whose mortal remains were then committed by friendly hands to an oeonn grave. The narra tive of his career forms au important part of the early history of the lath century, llis life and fortunes wer'o identified with the rise and progress of American Christian Missions. To him may be applied the words of God respecting the Patriarch Abraham “1 called him alone and blest and in creased him.” As soon as ho had welcomed to his heart the immortal hopes which Christianity inspi.-j*, his desires were quickly ripened into a heroic purpose, and haviug been blessed with ta)r ents eminently practical, he immediately concert ed measures for carrying that purpose into effect. The prosecution of these measures was strictly car ried forward through forty successive years, and then “having served his generation bv the will of God, he fell asleep," His works live after him. He left a fragrant name, and his biography to us is a princeless heritage. Eighteen centuries ago,when the Apostle of the Gent les, having heard the im ploring cry of the man of Macedon, “come and bless us,” cmbarkedj'rom the shores of Troas, to obey that call of Heaven ; if a I.ivy or a Virgil, just arrived from the Court of Augustus, had gazed on the vessel ys she spread her sails to cross the Dardanelles, neither of them would have seen anything worthy to bo commemorated in history, or in song; though we who survey the past, at n'glance can seo in that event, Christianity passing over from Asia into Europe ; so doubtless when our own Judsou left these shores on a mis sionary errand, his embareation suggested nothing to the worldly poet or historian, worthy of note; but. to our retrospective view, it exhibits a glori ous fact in human histoty—Christianity going forth from her asylum in the new world, to react with renovating energy on tho old. Yes! we see that Christianity which has here turned tho wilderness into a garden, looking back to tho continent whence she sprang, and moving forth to “repair the old wastes,” to cause the desolations of Asia to rejoice in the bloom and freshness of a new spir itual light from ou high. Biographies of great mon may he divided into two classes; the first embracing those who truly represent the spirit of their age; tbe second, com snsing only those who struggle for the triumph of ruth against their age. To the first class belong the biographers of such men as Peter the Hermit, or St. Bernard, at whose beck nations rallied to engage in crusading wars; tho biography of Na poleon, the representative of material genius, and the idol of millions; the life of Thomas Jefferson, whose words and deeds embodied the prevailing spirit of American democracy. In the second class of biographers we may properly place that of John Wickliffe, whose course on earth was a contest for one glorious truth—the supremacy of God’s word as the standard of' faith; —that of ’Luther and of Melancthon, who struggled for tho groat doctrine of justification by a living faith, instead of dead ceremonies; —that of Roger William, whose com monwealth embodied the clear conceptions of the universal right of man to religious liberty as an es sential element of Christianity. This latter class of men do not represent the spirit of their age, or the opinions of a people: they are prophets of the future ; they represent ideas , which, struggling for mastery, become the property of succeeding times. They identify their fortunes with the success of a principle ; they enshrine in their hearts some great truths unwelcome to their generation, and feel themselves impelled to go forth as its heralds, to conquer as its champions, or die as its martyrs. Among th* latter class of men, as far as the ele ments of his characterwere concerned, was Adonir am Judson. On his future course lie had meditat ed deeply. To him the written mandato was a call from Heaven, and his answer to it wns aa de vout and prompt as was that of the converted soul to the voice which addressed him from tho skies. No Angel’s message, no vision of the night, no new revelation was needed te mark out his course, tho wants of humanity moved his sympathies; it was enough for him to know that he was treading in the footsteps of inspired apostles, and walking in the light that beamed from the oracles of God. Desirous as wc arc at this time to commemorate the services of eur departed missionary; to treasure up in our hearts the spirit of his great example, it shall be our aim, as far ns we may be able, to con template the prominent features of his history, and the character which it developed. Adouiram Judson was horn at Malden, in the neighborhood of Boston, August S, 1788. He was the son of u congregational clergyman, and was favored, of 1 course, in the days of his boyhood, with the means of religious knowledge. His early youth, however, furnished no evidences of true pieiy; so far from this, when he graduated at Brown university in the year 1807, he was not a believer in Christianity, if not an avowed Deist, ho was skeptical as to tho reality of Divine revelation. The first impulse of his mind toward a better state, appears to have sprung from a calm conviction of the folly of sus £ense in relation to a sub jeet so momentous to him. ingeriug in Boston one day, lie took from tho shelf of a private library, a volume which at that time was a favorite household book among Chris tian readers. It was “Boston’s Fourfold State.” It was perused by young J udson with profound at tention, and from it he derived new views of sin, and of redemption. His spiritual nature was now agitated to its very depths, and in thisstateof mind, without having obtained the mental peace which he craved, he sought, and obtained admission to the Theological Seminary at Andover; whereaf ter a short period, the doctrines of the gospel were disclosed to his view in all their Divine simplicity, and the gloom of skepticism gave place to an intel ligent aud joyous faith. Another book that now came in his way, wa» destined to exert a mighty influence upon his char acter. The celebrated sermon of Dr. Buchanan, entitled “The Star in the East," kindled the spark i of Dr. Judson’s missionary zeal into a flame, in tense, and unquenchable. It imparted to his deep »nd indefinite longings, a practical aim, and seemed like a voice from God, summoning him to bis field of action. Disclosing his sentiments toothers, he found in Samuel J. Mills, Samuel Xott and Samuel Newell, congenial spirits whom the head of the Church was preparing for tho same exalted desti tination. At that time, there was not an associa tion on the continent of America to which these young men could look with the assurance of coun sel or support. Some efforts had been made for the evangelization of the Pagan nations, in their immediate vicinity; but there had been no attempt to penetrate the vast realm of heathenism on the old-continent. No wonder then, that Mr. Judson turned his eyes across the Atlantic to seek sympa thy aud help. After a correspondence with the London Missionary Society, in which encourage ment was held out" to him, he addressed a memo rial in behalf of himself and his youthfjl cogjutors to the Massachusetts Association at Bradford, in June, 1810; the result of which was, the formation of the American Board of Commissioners for For eign Missions; under whose auspices he sailed for England in the year 1811, in order to arrange a plan of cooperation between the two Societies. 'He was captured by a French privateer, imprisoned at Bayonne, and released on parole, and received a passport from Napoleon, and proceeded to Lon don for th* prosecution of his errand. The Lon don Society refused concert of action, at which, perhaps, we have reason for rejoicing, for from that day of weak beginnings, and of doubtful ex istence, it has put forth an influence which now encircles the globe like a zone of light, and has gathered a moral strength by which it ahall outlast the greatest of earthly Empires, On his return home, the Society here, concluded to ocstow ap pointments to Burmnh on Messrs. Judson, Newell, Xott and Cordon Hall; aud here our thoughts na turally revert to her, whose name will ever awaken the most refined and elevated conceptions ofa true womanly «haracter, and of a sublime inoral heroism. It'was at this time that Ann Ha-seltine identified her earthly fortune with those of the first Ameri can Missionary; and her own footsteps marked that pathway through au untrodden field ot enter prise, in which a noble of her country women have since followed. Jn abandoning the sweet associations of a New England home, which domestic affection*, intellectual culture and refined society had invested with more than an ordinary charm, in order to canyjthe blessing* of the gospel to distant land, to a sickly clime and a depraved nation ot idolaters, ahe did not follow at the beck of any high example, nor enjoy a gleam of light from any borrowed precedent.’ One of tbe finest tributes’which was ever paid to American female character, was drawn forth from an eminent En glish Prelate, the Bishop of Calcutta, who has at tested his high estimation of their virtues, their accomplishments, their piety, and of th* mighty influence which theyare exer.ingonthe moral des tinies of Asia. At the head of that order, wreath ed with unfading honors, will stand the name of Ann Hasseltlue Judson. Soon after his appoint ment, Mr. Judson was married at Bradford on the sth of February, 1812; on the 15th he was ordained at the Tabernacle Church at Salem, and in com pany with hi* wife and Mr. and Mr». Newell, he embarked at that port in the brig Caravan, under the command of the generous hearted Capt. Heard, on the 16th of the same month. It was daring this voyage, that amidst much devout study, and many prayers, the remarkable change in Mr. Judson’s opinion as to the consti tution of the Christian Church, which brought him into immediate connection with the Baptists of this country. They arrived at Calcutta on the 18th ; of June, and accepted the hospitalities of the Mis- j sionaries at Serampore; but they were suddenly embarrassed by receiving from tire local govern- , inent an order directing their immediate return to the U. S. The English East India Company, who j had received their charter of incorporation from 1 Queen Elizabeth on the last day of the 16th century, having acquired a vast territorial influence, was now holding in its hand the political destinies of India, and waa jealous of the humblest effort to dif fuse Christianity among the native population. In these trying circumstance*, the Missionaries peti tioned Ui* government to mod iff it* order *0 mto allow them to go to the Isle of France, called by its older Dutch name, the Mauritius, au Island of about circular form in tO* Indian sea, about 50 miles in diameter, and inhabited chiefli by the descendants of ancient French families. Here, al though urged to make it a permanent residence, and receiving from the Governor assurance that he would befriend aud patronize the Mission, yet they could not regard it as a field suiteJ to their wish es. With these views, Mr. and Mrs. Judson left the island, with tender recollections of it as the burial place of Harriet Newell, who fell a victim to the hardships of her voyage thither, in the very prime and bloom of her life, and arived at Madras; but fearing the order for their return to America would be renewed, they fled from it iu haste, and took passage in an old, uns*aworthy vessel bound to Rangoon, and after 22 days pleasant voyage they arrived at this, the chief port of the Barman Em pire,—thus, in a mysterious manner, were they led to their original destination. The Mission aries having now taken their position beyond the bounds of British Ind.a, tbov breathed more freely; they enjoyed th* fcvoro’fthe Viceroy, and devoted their whole energies to the acquisition of the Barman and Pali languages. Three years after its establishment, the Mission was reinforced by tbearrival of Mr. Hough carrying with him a printing press, a present from Dr. Carey and others at Seram pore. Renovating and brightening hopes now prevailed, which was aidod bv a spirit of en quiry around them. Even the Emperor had been heard to ask for light respecting the new religion. Early in the year 1817,’ Mr. Judson first heard from the lips of an intelligent aud resectable Bur man, the acknowledgement of an eternal God.— This first gleam of an intellectual conviction, touch ing the great error of Boodhism, he welcomed as the harbinger of that fit!] effulgence of light whieh was to irradiate the tiOtemcnt of Burmah. The 19th of April 1819, memoriableln the Mission. On that day a Zayat was opened for preaching, and worship; and two months after wards an assembly met to witness tho reception of the first Burmalyonvcrt into a Christian Church. Moung Naw, a Inn 35 years of age, renounced Boodhism, made a satisfactory confession, of his faith in Christ, then left the Zayat with the com pany to u small lake, on whose banks stood an im mense image of Gandawa, and their received bap tism. On the following Sabbath, the 4th of July, this first Burmau disciple received the Lord’s Sup per. The succeeding portion of Dr. Judson’s history is crowded with stirring incidents of per ils and c 1 capes, lueh as are fit materials for an cpio poem. In the beginning oflß2o, he, with a com panion, determined to pay a visit to tbe Imperial Court of Ava, in the hope that a Iriendly visit to the Emperor might incline him to favor the new religion. Accordingly they performed a tedious journey up the Irrawaddy with the utmost cheer fulness. But their visit to Avu proved an entire failure,—the Emperor dashed to tli* ground with deep disdain the printed leaf whieh proclaimed an Eternal God, and refused to rewive their presents. The following year, a Christian physician [and his lady from New Jersey, Dr. Jonathan Price, joined the mission. He visited Ava. and, in his professional character, was favorably received by the Emperor. For many years the British power in Hindoostan had been inuking a constant pro gress amidst the storms of war, and now it wns determined to establish itself in China-India. When it b*eamebvident that the Burman Empe 'ror was making preparations to invade Beugal.it was resolved to anticipate the blow ; and an army of lo,ooo men, under the command of Sir. Archi bald Campbell, attacked and seized Rangoon.— Messrs. Hough aud Wade were imprisoned, under armed keepers, who had been charged to massa cre them them as soon as the first shot should be fired. But, instead of the calamity, the first shot croatcd a panic so intense that the keepers fled, and the lives of the prisoners were saved. Du ring the two years of Dr. Judson’s residence at Avu, the most revolting scenes were disclosed.— Every form of evil which the most lively imagina tion could suggest, except death itself, was realiz ed by him and his companions in sorrow. Loath some prisons, chains, tortures, barbarous insults, the separation of husband and wife, the confisca tion of goods, exhausting sickness uud bloody tracks of lacerated feet over burning sands, were the lending features that markad the picture of Missionary life in Burmah. A tribute of honor is due to ir Arohibald Campbell for his geueroiiß treatment of our missionaries at the close of the war. In the treaty of peace which followed, lie demanded their surrender at the hands of th* Eur inan Emperor; who, huving become sensible of the value of Dr. Judson’s *orvie*s as a translator and interpreter, had expressed an intention of re taining him. Tho English general not only welcom ed him to the hospitalities of his camp and table, but presented him with an eligible site of hind for a missionary station, at Ambcnst, the chosen s*at of the English government iu Burmah; and after wards, when Mrs. Judson died and was buried there, he expresed his sense of her extraordinary worth, and liis sympathy with her bereaved hus band, in terms that reflect more honoron his char acter, tlinn all the victories acquired by his arms. After tho restoration of peace, Dr. Price return ed to Ava ; was favorably received as a physician and also became tho tutor of several youths b twang ing to the royal and noble families. Ilis hopes were sanguine as to future usefulness; hut, in tho year 1828, ho died of pulmonary consumption. Eight years aftor lie had buried his wife of his youth, Dr. Judson became united in marriage to Mrs. Sarah Boardinan, widow of the Rev. George Dana Boardinan, who had fallen, a few years be fore, whilo in tho prime of manhood, and in tile midst of liis usefulness. This union was, in all respects a happy one. But during the period of her greatest usefulness, in the year 1845, Mrs. Jud son’s health became impaired, and a voyage be yond the tropics was recommended by her physi cians, and after a painful deliberation, her h’ns baud resolved to accompany her to her native land. They had not been long at sea before every hope of her recovery was blasted and he recoiled from the prospect before him—of committing her remains to an ocean grave. But he was spared that trial. Mrs. Judson died while tho vessel wns lying at the Isle of St. Helena, where a largo circle of Christian friends followed her to her tomb.— I)r. Judson arrived in Beston on the 15th of Octo ber 1845, and wns there, as well as everywhere he went, received with a thrill of joy, and welcomed as th* veteran warrior, returned from the field of his conflicts, nothing, however, hero could wean his affections from the churches ol'Bui mail, and he soon became impatient to return. Before, however, while sojeuming in Philadelphia, he became famil iarly impressed with the cliaracter of that excellent lddy, whose graceful pen he wished to employ in writing a memoir of his lately deceased wifo ; and the result was a proposal of marriage, wliioh on her part was considerately accepted, and which as the course of events has shown, received th* approba tion of Heaven. After Dr. Judsou'sretnrn to Bur mah, he returned the labors whieh had been in terrupted by his absence, and jiursued them during the thre* following years, until his health became entirely broken down. A change of climate was necessary, and lie resolved to embark for the Is- 1 land of Bourbon. It was impracticable for Mrs. 1 Judson to accompany him, and to her the pang of of parting was rendered especially painful by the fear that ho would never return. Soon after the vessel had set sail, there was a relief from pain, and a slight resuscitation, whieh gavo him a faint gleam of the prospect of recovery. But this was only like a calm, in which, sometimes, the devastating storm seems to have been gathering its energies. Rack ing puins followed, and were continued through out a nerioil of more than forty hours, replete with mortal pangs It was followed by n placid calm, in which, without a aign ofsulfering heexpired. Tho manner of his death was in keeping with the su blime spirit and atyle of his life, and sheds a lus tre over the retrospect of his wholo career—just as the sotting sun flings back his splendors over the eastern sky, gilding every oloud and mountain height of the broad landscape, with a mild celestial glory. The Harmony of Colors in Dress. —Dressing is an art, and few persons study it iu relation that their taste in colors and forms being more the result of fancy and caprice, than founded upon any princi ple of harmony or beauty. Much attention is be ing bestowed upon the subject of harmony of col ors in the London Art Journal, by Mrs. Merryfisid. a lady whose artistic taste is eminently displayed in her commnniwttions. As the success of many industrial pursuits is dependent upon tho obser vance of the laws regulating the contrasts of col ors, it may not be unprofitable to some of our readers to refer to the rules she lays down as indis pensable to beauty and harmony. The optical ef fect of dark and black dresses is to make the fi gures appear smaller hence it is a suitable color for stout persons ; blaok shoes diminish the apparent size or the feet. On the contrary white and light col ored dresses make persons appear larger. luirge pa terns make the figure look shorter, longitudinal stripes, if not too wide add to the height of the fi gure, horizontal stripes have a contrary effect and are very ungraceful. Incongruity may be fre quently observed in the adoption of colors without reference to tlioir accordance with the complexion of the wearer as alight blue bonnet and flowers surrounding a sallow countenance, or a pink op posed to one of a glowing red ; a pale complexion associated with a canifry or lemon yellow, or one of delicate red aud white rendered almost colorless by the vicinity of deep red. It the lady with the sallow complexion had worn a transparent white bonnet; or if the lady with the glowing re<© complexion had lowered it by means of a bonnet of deeper red color ; if the pale lady had improved theeadevorons hue of her coun tenance by surrounding it with pale green, which, by contrast, would havo suffused it with a delicate pink hue ; or had the face of delicate red and white been arrayed in a light blue, or light greeß, or in a transparent white bonnet with blue or pink flower* on the inside—how different, and now much more agreeable, would have been the impres sion on the spectator! In general the broken and semi-neutral colors aro productive of an excellent effect in dress. They may be enlivened by a little positive color, but the contrasting color should bear but a small proportion to the mass of principal color. A tine bonnet and dress may be contrasted with an orange colored shawl, but the blue to balance the orange must be of a very deep tone; apin'- bon net may be worn with a green dress, but the hue of each should be carefully assorted according to their exact contract. Colored shawls are instances in which a great variety of colors may be arranged with harmonious and rich effect. It is always ne cessary that if one part of the dress be highly orna mented or consist of various colors, a portion should be plain, to give repose to the eye. The French manufacturers pay great attention to this subject, and the good effects ofthia study ere visi ble in the textile fabrics which they produce and which are so highly valued. Statistic* of Mass AcnrsETis.—We learn from the Boston Advertiser that the population ofMassaclm setts, as shown by the census #f 1820, was 523,237, the increase in the proceeding ten years haviug been 51.247, or a littie over ten per cent. The in crease in thirty years from the above date to 1820, was 470,984, or about 90 per cent, which isequal to about 24 per cent in each ten years. There were in 1820 no incorporated cities in the State. Ten towns then existing, with one town founded about that time, and incorporated as a* town in 1828, have since been organized with the forms of city go vernment. Each of these cities has a population exceeding 12,000, though two of them at the date of the census of 1850 had less. All these cities, with two exceptions, have within this period, in creased in their population much more rapidly than the State at large. This has arisen from the’ great increase of manufacturing operations whieh have concentrated in or near the principal towns. ' Great Aoe.—A letter from the Rev. Lewis P.av mond dated Chieago. April sth savs ;—“You have probably noticed the death of Mr. David Kenniaon the last survivor of the ‘Eeston tea party.’ He died on the 24th of February, and was buried on the 25th) with militazy honors. His age was one hundred and sixteen years, three months, and seven days. By his own request, the writer of this preached his funeral discourse. He was a good man, and had been a professor of religion for sev enty years. The New York Times savs— The Erie Railroad did a traffic of |320,822 in April, an excess of 820,000 over the estimate in the ,ast annual report. This, considering that Dunkirk Harbor was ice-bound more than half the month, is regarded in the street as quite satisfac tory. A Connecticut editor, in dntming his subscri bers says he hssrrtponsilAliUes thrown upon him which h* ia obliged to meat, ITEMS. Wj present our readers with anotlior sweet and beautiful poem from that rich casket of gems, Alice Caret’s “ Lyra." Its plain melan choly tenderness is like the sad wailing of autumn winds as they toss the dead leaves to aud fro in some forest old and sere: OCTOBER. BT ALICE CARBT. Nor the light of the long blue Suminor, Nor the flowery huntress Spring, Nor the chilly and moaning Winter, Both peace to my bosom bring, Like the hazy and red October, When tlie woods stand bare and brown, And into tbe lap of the south land, The flowers ure flowing down; When all night long, in the moonlight, The boughs of the roof-tree chafe, And the wind, like a wandering poet. Is singing a mournful waif; And all day through the cloud-armies. The sumbeams eoquettishly rove— For then in my path first unfolded The sweet passion-flower of lore. With bosom as pale as the sea-ahell, And soft as the flax unspun. And looks hke the nut bruwn shadows, In the light of the sunken sun, Came the maid whose wonderful beauty Enchanted my soul from pain, And gladdened my heart, that can never, No, never be happy again. Far away from 'life's pain and passion, And our Eden of love, site went, Like a pale star fading softly, Irom the morning's golden tent. But oft, when the bosom of Autumn, Is warm with the summer beams, We meet in the pallid shadows That border the land of dreams. For seeing my woe through the splendor, That hovers about her above, She puts from her forehead the glory, And listens again to my love. A letter has been received iu Boston from the ooopor of the Bhip George Howland, soized by the convicts at Charles Island, whioh states that the men of the Swedish man-of-war who took charge of the ship, stole and destroyed about as much as tho Spaniards. Tho ship is uninjured, and pro bably $3,000 will pay all damages. A Wise Man from Somewhere. —A petition has been presented to tho General Cenfereno* of tho M. E. Church, praying that the Conference will re quire all tho editors of tho Mothodist papers to con form to Bible orthography, and not to that of Noah Webster. The mangers of the New 'England Art Union, which was organized in Boston last year, are said to have unanimously resolved that in consequence of the present state of publio opinion iu relation to Art Unions, it is expedient to bring the affairs of tho Institution to a close. Rurxs Greene, who was recently convictod in Mobile for forgery, and sentenced to tho poniten tiary, attempted to cut his throat while on his way tip the river to the penitentiary, in charge of the deputy sheriff of Mobile. He was prevented from so doing, but the extent of his injuries has not been stated. There is a tailor in Boston, whose nose is so red, that lie can sow tho finost work in the darkest night with no other light than that afforded him by his flaming proboscis. His head ia quite bald from the cffoct of carrying “bricks” in his hat. The total value of tho foreign exports from Bal timore tor the week ending on Thursday waa $116,668.48. Tho foreign export of breadstuff* for the week comprises 13,367 bbls. of flour, 2,145 bbls. of com meal, 1700 bushels of corn, and 318 bbls. rye flour. Sir Edmund Head and family have taken tlicir departure for Halifax, en route for Europe. The widow of the late J. Q. Adams, died in Washington on Saturday lost. William S. Derrick, Chief Clerk in tho State De partment, died in Washington on Saturday last. The pusßenger traffic by rail, in Great Britain annually exceeds four times in number the whole population. Tito speed is three timos as great as formerly, on tho averago, and the fare is one-tliird less. A new cask manufacturing machine is in opera tion in England. A laborer, by its means, is able to turn off 3,500 staves a day, infallibly correct in form and curve. The first English Railway act was passed in 1801. From the 18th of February to tho 4th of April, in England, there were only seven moist days. Ole Bull had an immense audience at his Con cert at Philadelphia on Friday night—hundreds were’ unable to gain a admittance. A Fat Office.— Sheriff Carnley’s offleo of tho city and county of New York, is aaid to bo worth from 75,000 to SIOO,OOO per annum! Tho commonest kind of laborers in Australia now receive S4O a week, mid it is said that there is employment for hundreds of thousand* for years to come. In consequence of the frosts of April 20, holders of brandy at Rochelle havo advanced tho pricos from 15 to 20 per cent. A Literalist or a Joker. —We ace a paragraph going the rounds that the Bishop of Oxford, hav ing sent round to the church Wardens in his dio cese a circular of inquiries, among whieh was: “Does your officiating clergyman preach the gospel, and is his conversation and carriage con sistent therewith S” The churohmen near Wallingford Teplied —“He preaches the gospel, but he does not keep a car riage.” A Deacon, not remarkablo for good eyesight, once in giving out a psalm for the congregation to sing, when he came to the lines— “ The eastern sages shall c*me In With messengers of grace,” put the audience in a roar of laughter, by reading out in a loud voice— “ The eastern stages shall come im With sausages and cheese.” The newspapers are all full of advertisements for plain csoks —w* suppose pretty cools havo no occasion to advertise at all! The young lady who aaw a baby without kissing it, has acknowledged that her friend’s bonnet was handsomer than her own. It is stated that, so disastrous has been the com inercial business of the merchants of Liverpool, during the past year, their losses during the time, are estimated at thirty-five millions of dollars. The Duke of Wellington is eighty-three yegrs old, enjoying excellent health, large honors, and plenty of money. Tits Human Soul.—The Rev. Theodore Clapp, of New Orleans, thus conclude* on* of hia elo quent sermons: When I think on the sublime nature of the hu man soul, the eternal duration of memory and consciousness; the severity and usefulness of that law of retribution, whieh will aft'ect our destinies forever, I cannot but exclaim in the language of the poet— *' Row much is to be done ! My hopes and fear* Start up alarmed ; and o'er life’s narrow verge, Look down—on what ? A fathomless at/ss, A dread eternity, how surely mine ! Seize then the present moments, For be assured that they are all messengers; They post to heaven, and there record thy folly. Because, though stationed on the important wateh, Thou like a sleeping, faithless sentinel, Didst let them pass, unnoticed, unimproved. And know, for that thou slumberest on the guard, Thou shalt be made to answer at the bar, For every fugitive,” “ Let us, then, stop the present hour, Imprint the marie of wisdom on its wings, Oh ! let it not elude our grasp.” And thon it will bear upwards to heaven the cheering record of our fidelity to conscience, to truth, te honor, to God, to Jesus, and to the life immortal. Etiquette. — l. Before you bow to a lady in the street, permit her to decide whether you may do so or not, by at least a look of recognition. 2. “Excuse my glove” is an unnecessary apolo gy , for the glove should not be withdrawn to shake hands. 3. When your companion bows to a lady, you should do so also. [When a gentleman bows to a lady in your company, always bow to him in re turn.] Females on Fire. —Almost all the persons burn ed to death by their clothes taken fire are females. The reason of this is the inflammable nature of their garment. There is a very simple modo of preventing a fatal result when a woman a clothes are on fire which is to lie down close to tho and roll over once or twice. If any one doubts the effißeney of the remedy, let them take a atrip of cotton cloth, and hold it witli one end downwards set fire to the lower end and see how quickly it will be consumed: then let them light another strip and throw it upon the floor and they will see that it burns very slowly and soon goes out. This remedv ought to*be impressed upon the mind of ever* woman, and ought to be taught by every mother to her daughters, aa soon as they are able to learn anything. —Yankee JSlade. Tn* Steamer Fanny Seized.— The steamer Fanny, as we have heretofore stated, bound from New Orleans for San Francisco via Rio de Janeiro, with 850 passengers, put into this port Saturday laat for coal and provisions. It appearing that sh* had a greater number of passengers than is allow ed by the laws of the United States, she ha* been *eized by direction of the U. S. District Attorney, Henry Williams, Esq., and will be libelled for forfeiture. This is a particularly hard case on the passengers. They had paid their passage money in New Orleans to the owners of the Fanny, to the amount of sixty to seventy thousand dollars. The steamer is an old craft, not worth more than ten or twelve thousand dollars, and the owners can very well afford, with $60,000 or more in their pockets, to have her forfeited. The passenger* are left to whistle for their money. Os course the District Attorney did right to proceed against her. The greatc-t wonder is, not that she had 850 passen gers, but that she had any.— Sar. Republican. The Governor has appointed the non. Marshal J. Wellborn, of Columbus, and Hon. Asburv Hull, of Athens, under a resolution of the General Assembly, to “attend a meeting of Delegates from tbe thirteen original States of tbe Union to be held in the City of Philadelphia, on the fourth dav of July next, to take into consideration, and deliberate upon a plan for carrying into effect the Resolutions of the select and common councils of Philadelphia, relative to the consecration of Inde pendence Hall, and the erection of monument* in the groves near the place and spot where the Decla ration of Independence was framed and signed.”— Southern Recorder. Parson Brownlow says he once published a large edition of a bound volume, in which be gave an extraordinary eulogistic sketch of the life and po litical services of James C. Jones, Jones himself furnishing the alleged facta by letter. The Ohio Women’* Right* Conventio* will nNt Jn Maatiilion on th* 26th of May, VOL. LXVI.-NEW SERIES VOL. XYI.-NO. 21. Sound Northern Sentiments.— The New York Express , whieh with the Journal of Commerce has stood up manfully for tho compromise aud tho Ui ion during all the late excitement 011 the slave ry question, thus puts an extinguisher on the hopes of (jon. Scott and Mr. Seward: “ It is given out, we see, in a vory well Informed quarter, that it is now settled that Gen. Seott shall keep mum, and if this bo so, we have no hesita tion in saying, he can carry against a well known Compromise candidate, but one State of this Union for tho Presidency, and that is Vermont. It will be as big a boat as Mr. Van Burou had in 1848, plus Vermont. The idea prevails in sonic of the agricultural parts of tho country, that tho trouble is with the Southern Whigs alone in their Compromise Mea sures, and that iftlio North ia left untrammelled, the North can carry all before it. Never was there a greater mistake save that committed by the Van Burous iu 1848. No sectional candidate l'or the Presidoney onn begiu to live even, fairly as a can didate oven in the North. A large majority of tho Northern people—if not oftho \\ bigs—ana u ma jority of them we think, we may say, desire a truce, a peace with their Southern countrymen, and will shrink back with atl'right from any section al candidate for the Presidency. There is a deter mination to havo an end of tho ora of the negro, aud tho re-establishment once more of tho era of tho white man. The fugitive slave fire brand can not be loftopen for the Abolitionists to fan or blow. Gen. Soott cauuot be represented one way in Au burn and Syracuse, and another wav in tho great commercial andmanafacturing mart’s even of tho Northern country. Wo cannot ho denounced hero as slave oatcfiers in tho Atlantic cities, aud vote for ntou, who thus denounce us at Auburn or olsowhcre. There is, therefore, just asgroat a dif ficulty hero ill the North, as in tho South. Wo might beg tho mechanics of this part of tho State, and tho morehantsof this and the surrouiidingeoun try for mouths to come vote for Gen. Seolt—run ning thus doublo-tongued,—but we could not per suade them—wo could not induce them to do it. Tho mai ufacturcrs abovo all, want peace between the different sections of this country. They are looking for tho restoration of peace in order to have a restoration of specific, instead of ad valorem du ties, —and thoy will, as a body, have but little to do with a Northern Sectional Candidate. Wo re peat then, that it is our deliberate, sober convic tion, that if Gen. Scott be run blind—us tho sche mers in Washington now intend to have him run —Vermont will be tho only electoral vote he will have for tho Presidency. 'Wc do not say this in u spirit of threat—for we have ourselves great confi dence in tho principles of Gen. Scott, and have reason to know that he, himself, is a friend of the Compromise Bills, —but wo cannot persuado our people, that running him North, to repeal the Fu gitive Slave Law, and running him South against that repeal, will not again bring into Congress just such consequencos as those of 1850, whioh for weeks could not chooso a speaker even, and whose sittings at last became so alarming, as to jeopard the penoo and tho very existence of tho Union. Tiik Neoro Race.— Bayard Taylor, writing from Nubia, in Upper Egypt, says: “Those friends of tho African race, who point to Egypt as a proof of what thut race has accomplished, are wholly mistaken. The only Negro features represented in Egyptian sculpture are those of slaves and captives taken in the Ethiopian wars of the Pharoahs. The temples and pyramids throughout Nubia as far ns the Darfur and Abys sinia, allbenrthe hiorogylphs of the monarchs, and there is no evidence in all tho valley of the Nile that the negro raeo ever attained a higher degree of civilization than is at present exhibited in Con go and Ashantee. I mention this, not from any feeling hostile to that race, but simply to contro vert an opinion very prevalent in some parts of the United States.” The Iron Steam, Propeller Great Britain, — the largest steam ship afloat—arrived at New York on Friday morning with about 160 passengers. She loft Liverpool the Ist inst., under command of Capt. Matthews. She made the passage in thirteen days and 5X hours, having left in company with the Canada, which arrived early Thursday morning at Boston. This steamer, it will be remembered,-was strand ed 011 Dundrum Sands, Const of Ireland, five op six years ngo, soon after leaving Liverpool for New York undercommand of Capt. lloskcn. Important alterations and improvements were mado in refit ting lior, which were expeetod to accelerate her speed, before considerable, aud increase her ac commodations for passengers. Hyde Park by an American Lady.—The New York Journal of Commerce occasionally publishes letters from a young American lady in London to her friend on this side of the water, whieh are mod els of oorrect appreciation and elegant description, enriched with graceful touches ol feminine feeling that give to their perusal a zest beyond what is ordinarily excited by a eorressoudenee of tho kind. The following extract shows that tho writer sees the dark as well as tho bright Bide of London out door life: , , “Far away to the Westward of tho vast and crowd ed metropolis, stretch the three hundred and fifty acres of open ground, known us Hyde Park, beau tifully diversified with grassy hillocks, clover grown knolls, and tiny moss-lined valleys. Through it flow the clear water of the Serpentine, reflecting flowry banks, and the leafy branches of tall trees, that rook the nests of summer birds, whose thrill ing melodies the very beggars are rich enough to bU <jh Bel 11 nover saw any thing half so perfect as this lovely picture of the country, spread out in the very heart of a great city, to refresh with equal ben efit care-worn inhabitants of narrow thickly crowd ed alleys, and the sieklier cheeks of the more crowded drawing-room occupants. It gives a charming feature to a city landscape, especially 111 the e\e of ono who comes from a land where tho feverish eagerness to turn every thing into gold is always drowning the voice of nature in the noisy din of business—where trees are only beautiful for the cords of wood they will make, and pleasure grounds aro eye-sores because they “might have been sold for three hundred pence, and turned to mechanical uses i _ . . You should see Hyde Park of a Sunday, Bel, to get an ifiea of London’s population mid London s wealth. You would think it were some gala day, as your eye wandered over the motley throng of showily dressed people, who are sure then to fill this favorite resort. It seems liko a triumphal procession—the long Hue ot stylish looking equi pages that extends from 0110 end to tho other of those immense grounds. There are majestic cav aliers, besides splendid carriages filled with beau tiful women in costly robes decorated with golden crests —and drawn by superb horses guided by coachman in powdered wigs und gay liveries. The footpaths, too, were thronged with people from a humbler walk of life, people in their holiday dresses, aud their holiday smiles. 'The effect is so imposing, that if you were to see only the kaleidoscopo view of life that ono gets in llyda Park of a Sunday afternoon, you would take it for an Elysum of beauty ana pleasure, rather than tho thing of toil, and and care, ami sorrow, that it is. But tho every day sido of tho pic ture would quickly break the spell. All the live long week, misery and want and wretchcdkess are toiling in tho self-samathoroughliire, with jelling limbs, aud breaking hearts and tearful eyes; for one half the world must toil and sweat nndgroau, that the other half may thrive and rejoice. The Londpn streets are thronged with hoary heads tottering to their graves and craving charity to pry their way, and with tiny feet just pattering into life that are already learning to keep time to the beggar a voice. 1 wonder if I shall ever get hardened to the pite ous tales that startle one’s ears at every step, and the ragged types of suffering that make one’s eye s wet, and one’s heart sick.” The Underground Railroad.—A trial lately had in the United states District Court for New York city before Judge Judsou, tends to show where at least a part of tho money comes from thut supuprts the underground railroad and other contrivances by which the Anti-slavery Society carry on their mechanations against the peace and prosperity of the South. A letter from New York says : “Mr. William Johnson, the treasurer we believe at all events one of the leading ottivers—of the Anti-slavery Society, was arraigned, tried, and found guilty of the offence of coining and passing counterfeit money. It appears thut this worthy, who was an English abolition emissary, had for some years beeD in the habit ot manufacturing large quantities of spurious coin—an operation for which his original calling as silvor worker particu larly qualified him. He joined a church, and soon took a high rank in the association for spiriting away foreign slaves. Money speedily became plenty iu the coffers of the kidnappers, and Mr. Johnson, thinkingdoubtless that he was doing God and himself service at the same time, waxed bold er and more reckless in his nefarious pursuits.— Butthe eye of justice was upon him, and its bund eventually grasped him. Ho proved a most ex cellent character, but in vain. Neither liis exem plary pietv, his philanthropy, nor his philosophy could save him. The cvidonce of his guilt was ir risistable. lie was convicted, and sent for a term of years tolhe State prison.” Deatii or toe oldest Methodist Preacher in the World.—The New York Christian Advocate, con tains the following: “Kov. George Highfield, of the British Wesleyan Conference, the oldest .Me thodist Preacher in the World, ceased his length ened pilgrimage near Liverpool, on the 9th of De cember. lie was called into the ministry by Mr. Wesley in 1785, and continued to travel until 1820, when the state of his health compelled him to be come a supernumerary; but he still labored in the pulpit and on pastoral work until his strength en tirely foiled. During tbe last four years infirmities grew ranidly upon lnm : his memory failed so that secular things were nearly obliterated from it, but he could always recall portions of Scripture aud hymns whieh had long been treasured there. The forenoon of the day before he died, he spent alone, and was unusually happy. He was ninety-one years old and had been in the ministry sixty-seven years.” Misery’s Home. —Almost everything has a loca tion ; so has wretchedness —but the last is world wide. Go to any part of the globe, and you may, and you will find suffering, and often ofa character that might be obviated. Even in this city you may find widows, whose humble tenements are overlooked by princely mansions, suffering for want of the bare necessaries of life, and their chil dren, born in honorable wedlock, crying for bread. These women are often obliged to toil from early mom until another day is ushered in by tiie solemn tolling of the midnight bell, yet too often their wants sre overlooked by their philanthropic neigh bors, who are anxious to cross lands and seas in search of objects of commiseration that they may aid, while they “screw down the compensation of their neighbors’ labor to a point that even 111 health will scarcely keen soul and body together. After our duty to God, ia our duty to ourselves and families—next, to our - neighbor*. Were every coummunity to act ou this principle, misery would at once cease. A Fatal Case of Hydrophobia has occurred at Albany, N. Y., in which three persons were bitten one a young man, and two boys, ten and five vears of’age, sons of Mr. Phillip Ogsbury. The elder boy died, and the younger was at the latest account only saved from the symptoms of tbe malady by the free use of a tea made from the inside of white-ash bark, whieh the brother who died could not be induced to drink. The young man ia under the eare of a physician who is said to have been successful in treating this disease. Change of Habit. —A gentleman recently from Africa, while at one of the civilized colonies on the coast, met a young colored woman whom ho hud known in Old Virginia, who had obtained her freedom for good conduct, and emigrated to Li beria. “Where are you travelling to, Mary?” said the gentleman. “I am going down to the villago on the sea shore —l’m tired of seeing nigger, nigger ! I want to see some white folks 1” “But are you doing well here ?” “Oh, very well. I have four slaves who make palm leaf hats.” “Slaves, Mary. Y’ou, emancipated, to have slaves in your own land 1" I “Oh, yes,” said she with great simplicity, “must do as they do in Old Virginia.” A complete set of Voltaire’s works, in 72 vols., with 12,800 illustrations, costing 20 years labor, snd S4OOO, wm sold u) Pari* the othsr day for 11000, SPEECH OP HON. EBEN NEWTON T ,T r. 0P OHIO. In tub HorsK or Rki-kksentativxs, Armt 20,186*, In Favor or Ihe Establishment or an Agricultural Bureau. The bill to encourage agriculture, commeroe, manufactures, and all other brunches of industry, by granting tp every man who has thehoadofn fam ily, mid u citizen of the United states, a homestoad oi one hundred and sixty acres of land out of the public domain, upon condition ot occupancy and cultivation of the same, for the period herein spe cified, being unclor consideration, in Committee ol thmW'hole— said: MtWuAiitMAN: lam much obliged for the floor, even alter four weeks strugglo for it, not so much on my own account ns for the subject I advoaate. I um m favor of the bill now under oonsideratiejA and have prepared some remarks directly applicable to it, which it will give me pleasure at some future day to muke to the liouse or committee. The remarks 1 am üboutto muke were prepared to bo made upon reporting a bill from the Agricultural Committee, of which I am a member, aud which has been ill the hands of my honorablo friend from Wisoonsin for the lust two mouths, for the estab lishment of an Agricultural Bureau. My remarks are, however, applicable more or lesa to the subject now immediately before the committee, and are made now, because no opportunity lias been afford ed to report the bill to which I have referred. From 1786 to tiie present timo, the subject of an Agricultural Board, or Bureau, has been an object of Executive consideration and recommend ation to the National Legislature; and yet little, formally, aud nothing effectively, has been done. While ull our other interests u'ud relations have been sedulously guarded and liberally patronized, agriculture, the fouudution on which nil others rest, and tho source from which ail others flow, and tho fountain from which all others are sus tained aud increased lias been left to struggle alone, and not acknowledged in the great family ofuatioual relationship. From that period to the present, wo have in creased ip numbers with greater rapidity than auy other nation or poople—advancing from less thun lour millions to nearly twety-flvo millions—pos sessing a territory extending from oooun to oceuu, und from a tropical sun to near tho polar region, embracing all the various climates, soils, miuerals, and vegotub'e productions of the whole earth.— Inhabited by people from all nations, and of all kindreds und castes, with intelligence and enter prise more generally disseminated than any other people on earth; yet, lamentable ua it is, in nation al agricultural science, patronage and attention, we are behind any other enlightened nation under Uouvcn. Our soil is more generally adapted to agricul ture, und more of our people engage in thut pur suit, than any other country, ft was tho first— it is tho chief and general employment of our inhabitants, and more than eighteen millions are engaged in its occupation. The freedom and facility to acquire tho ownership of the aoil, ia thut which gives us a prominence over any olher people. There is a prominence in the absolute ownership of the soil, and its general occupation by our citizens, that gives us a moro general and important national character thun any other nation. If America is guided by wisdom und patriotism, forty years henco she will probably contain more absolute freeholders than all t e world besides.— Improvement of our uationul agriculture is the strongest bond of union with which the nation cun encircle its territory. Its neglect is but too legible in this aspect. While other countries are under the necessity of tnrnialiing Beenes of amusement, with which to emploj their inhabitants, we em ploy ourselves in cultivating the soil. Nature is a good agriculturist; she bus guided her cilizuiis, and not this nation her subjects. She tits the soil, originally, with ull the properties ne cessary for the growth of ull the plantß. And from the largo quantities of virgin soil in almost all purtß of our extended country, that have been from our earliest history, aud still are being brought in to aotual occupation and improvement, our agri cultural products have been so large, that the pub lic mind has been lulled into apatliy and indiffer ence us to the necessity or means of renovating old and dilapidated soils, or of increasing the aggre gate amount ot our products. This morbid national feeling iB having deleteri ous influence upon us nationally and individually. Ah u consequence, luud in America is not worth half what it should bo, und otherwise woulu be, if the standard of agriculture was elevated. Amer icans do not become farmers from choice, but from necessity, and for want of other adequate employ ments. Sous of wealthy and influent ial men loathe the farm as they would a prison. It is the drudge of youth, and the servant of old ago, alter ambi tion has been closed und satisfied. According to the prevailing fashion, and popular fecliug, the farm furnishes few inducements for the youthful aspirant lor national honors and preferment. While every other profession und calling, from the highest to the most inconsiderable doorkeeper in the land, is sought uiter und hunted up, with an avidity that ia truly surprising—professions, trad ing, offices, and ngenoies ure among tho most fusliionublo employments of tho age; yet how few, compared with the number of those engaged in those pursuits, over arrive atuny eminence or com petency for themselves or families. The tenure by which most of these are held aud enjoyed, is so transient und fugitive, that no per manent preparation cun be made for homo and its enjoyments. The employment ol tho lumilies of those engugod in these temporary pursuits, ure so ephemeral thut they are unfitted for the substan tial business of lilo—and more especially for those adverse circumstances that so frequently occur. If the nation wish to people her farms with skillful and scientific furnicrß, elevate her standard give her a uuino and a pliico, and an independent position amuiig our national pulaoes, where the Fa ther of our Country strove with his own hands to pluoe her. and where ho most earnestly recom mended the nation to place hor, und not to turn her off with tho crumbs that fall from unother’a table. Metliinks I sec him yonder, over the way, with the manuscript of hie plun in hand, und the wis dom of his countenance guiding our deliberations in perfecting his most favorite object. Remember, 1 beseech you this gieut and practi cal truth, thut whatever emanates from the nation, has a national influence, and u national example and do not turn us oil'with the Inhospitable ex cuse that another und inferior jurisdiction may do this, and not the nation. Through our whole history the nation’s voice has never been heard in uu effective effort to recognize agriculture, by a separate institution, or to throw around it any of the Governmental patronago or influence or to clothe it with science and skill, so that its lirtional honors muy be borne und enjoyed by its oocu panta. f rom General Washington down to tho present Chief Magistrate, every recommendation to estab lish a board for its elevutiou and improvement bus been entirely neglected. Every report from committees upon this sub ject has been permitted to sleep upon tho table und not even u discussion provoked. 1 Tho great and primary object of this bureuu, is to elevate the social condition of the agricultu rist, and increase his means and facilities for improvement. Thut this is necessary, all will ad mit. We need not go beyond our Hull to see how few formers are selected as national legisla tors. Hook to your professions und mechanics, und sec their skill und productions: then cast the mind of the nation, in the person of its Kepresen atives, over the country: let each Congressional district bo examined, and see how few model farms ure to be found, and how few prize artieles po»- sessed. bee bow few farms thut may not be great ly improved in price, vulu3, and productiona. Look to your agricultural products tbutaroseentubroad, und see bow many arc braiidedus unmerchantable or second rate, and compuro the goncnil reputa tion they beur abroad with our meolmnicul inven tions und improvements, und the answer con bet ter be understood than expressed. It is the seuti ment of every patriot, that “it should bo the study of every statesman, and the primary object 01 eve ry legislator, toolevute the agricultural interests.’’ It cun never be done ill any other wa/ than by the action of the nution; it never Ims boon in any other country, and never will bo in this. There are in all revivals, religious or political, times of declension, and unless there is some power above and below to guide und sustain them, they will fade awuy. Here the science can be concentrated and ditfused by the national Koprcsentalives. Let tho farming interests see that the General Gov ernment will give them any aid in this great move ment for advancement, and you will electrify all their efforts, aud wurm into file thousands of oth ers. Kepulse it, and you freeze that which is now ulivc. 1 have said that agriculture was the first em ployment of our citizens. General Washington, the Father of our Country, was a practical farmer. As early as 178(1, we find him engaged in sending abroad for seeds and implements of husbandry.— On the 6th of August, of that year, in writing to Arthur Young, of England, he says : “ I ahull bike the liberty, in this place, to ob serve, that some yearsago, from a description or recommendation of what was then called the Koth crliarn, or putent plow, 1 sent to England for ons of them; aud, until it began to wear and was min ed hy u country smith, no plow could havo done better work, or appeared to have gone easier with two horses.” In the same communication he says: “ Agriculture lias bocn among tiie most Ihvorite amusements of my life, though 1 never possessed much skill in the art.” “The system of agriculture, if the epithet of eys tem can bo applied to it, which is in use in this part of ilio United .States, is as unproductive to the practitioners as it is ruinous to the laud holders. Yet it in pertinaciously adhered to." On the first of November, 1787, in another let ter to the same man, he says: “ Our lands, as J mentioned in my first letter to you, were originally very good, but uso and abuse have made them quite otherwise.” In the same letter, lie enters into a particular description of the price of products. “ Wlieat,” he savs, “ for the last four ycurs lias been worth four shillings sterling by the bushel; rye, two shillings and four-pence; oats, one shilling’ and six-ponce,” and gives the price of a great vuricty of other ar ticles. To Mr. Young, .December 4th, 1788, he says: “I cannot help thinking that improving our breed of sheep would be one of the most profitable speculations wc could undertake. Though we do not feed them on leaves, as you say they do in some parts of France, yet wc cannot want for pasture enough suitable for them. lam glad to find you are likely to succeed in propagating the Spanish breed of sheep in England, und that the wool does not degenerate, fer tho multiplication of useful an imals is a coinin' n blessing to mankind.” Again, he says: “ I have a prospect of introducing into this coun try a very excellent race of animals also, by means of the liberality of tl:e King of Spain. Olio of the jacks lie was pleased to send me is about fifteen bands high, bis body and limbs very large in pro portion to his height; and the mules 1 have had from him appear to bo extremely well formed for business. 1 have likewise a jack and two <enoets from Malta, of a good size, which the Marquis de. La Fayette sent me. From these I hope to secure a race of extraordinary goodness which will stock the country. Their longevity and cheap keeping will be circumstances much in their favor. lam convinced, from the little experiments I have made witli ordinary mules, which perform as much la bor, with vastly less feeding, than horses, that those of a superior quality will be the best cattle wc can employ for tlio harness; and, indeed, in a few years, I intend to drive no other in my car riage, having appropriated upwards of twenty of my best mares to breeding them. To the same man, under date 6th December, 1791, lie says: “The English fanner must entertain a contemp tible opinion of our husbandry, or a horrid idea of our land, when ho is to bo intormed that not more than eight or ten bushela of wheat is the yield of an acre.” To cure these evils, so general and eo much to bo deprecated, and to introduce tho advantages and improvements necessary and desirable, while Pre sident in 1791, he issued a circular to many of the most experienced and influential men in the busi ness of agriculture, in the States of New York, Now Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, among whom were Thomas Jefferson and Alexan der Hamilton, to collect statistics as to the value of .. Und, its culture, the kind of articles produced, and their quality and prioe. The information wsa [ooiwimwHß o* So, rxei.j
