Newspaper Page Text
NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL Con
vention.
[CONCLUDE!' m>M I*T SAGE.]
Campbell, of Ohio Hancock, of New Jersey; C»t
an, of the District of Colombia, G. W. P. Curtus
of Virginia; Burgwyn, of North Carolina; Tay-
! lor of Alabama; Deßow, of Louiamna; Spencer,
Kinna TIIoV of Kentucky ; Bello fennea-
Beo - Weston, of Wisconsin; McLanc, of Califor-
JJJ: Piokhard, of Maine: Seamen, ot Michigan.
Several subject* were tLcu referred to the com
mittee iuat appointed, and the committee was in-
Sw prepare a memorial to topresented to
Congress relative to an Agricultural bureau.
Du rind the absence of this committee from the
hall of meeting, several gontl jmen entertained and
instructed the Convention bv delivering interest
ing addresses on the condition of agriculture in
their respective States.
Mr. t 'alhoun, of Massachusetts, announced the
Marshfield farmer, Daniel Webster, n* a dilegate
to the Convention; which war. received with
much applause.
Mr. Klwvii of Pennsylvania, from the commit
tee appointed to prepare business for the Cpnven
tien, and report a W.tution, for the
Agricultural Society, submitted a constitution
which waa read, and considered by section*..
Home discusaion ensued as to the time and place
where the Society shall hereafter meet, when an
amendment was adopted providing thaUjj® ,
ings of the Society shall he held on IbetMVOi
nesday in February, in the city of WMlungton,
the Executive Committee, with the
Society, to have the power to call meetings use-
W The Convention having adopted the constitution,
then adjourned until seven o clock in the evening.
THURSDAY'S PROCEEDINGS.
We yesterday gave an account of the first day’s
proceedings of thiß Convention, up to the dinner
fecoss of Thursday. At seven o’clock that eve
ning the Convention re-assembled, when the
President stated that there was no business imme
diately before the Convention, as the Committee
on business had not yet reported.
Very soon afterwards that Committee came m
with their report, which, being lengthy, and not
liaving been finally adopted, we do not tlnnk it
necessary to publish. It argued for the propriety
and necessity of protection for the agricultural
interest equally with the other great interests of
the country, and had for its conclusion the recom
mendation of the establishment of a Department
or Bureau of Agriculture by Congress.
Mr. Holcomb, of Delaware, having announced
the result of tne deliberation of the committee,
remarked that there had been, besides this, a pur
pose to move for action on the subjectof protection
for our shipping engaged in the guano trade ; but
having observed within the last twenty-four
hours a statement in the public papers that the
Government had determined to detach a squadron
for this very object, the purpose was of course,
relinquished. This whole subject of guano was
one of the greatest interest to the 1 armors of every
aaetion of the Union, but perhaps most especially
to the South. The deposite of this invaluable
manure at the Loboa Islands, consulting of eight
een millions of tons, enough to last us for the
next seventy-two years, and but little inferior to
the best Peruvian article, lie was most happy to
Hav waa to lie secured to our fields. No event had
occurred in the past so favorable to our future
prospects as this, ami he must again congratulate
]ii» Southern brethren on the glorious fact Ihe
exhausted lands and cotton fluids of the Carolina*,
Georgia, and other Statca could he reclaimed, and
the result would tie, not only that we should own
the largest, but the most fertile and best cultivated
territory in the world, lie thought ho saw retri
bution m the present movement; lust your three
quarters of a million of dollurs were extracted
from the pockets of the farming interest by ttie
extravagant prices put upon guano, und hud we
then had an ngrieultnraldcpurtiiicnt of the govern
ment, a branch of the Government in which agri
culture was represented, this would-not have, hap
pened. He contemplated this occasion with delight,
meeting as it did l.erc in this city, called by the
lUime of the first President almost in sight of the
*°Mr. Holcomb spoke proudly of the farmer of
Marshfield, wiio, lie said, had so successfully de
fended our right to the Lobos Islands.
The resolutions of the committee were then read
•nd laid on the table. .......
Mr. Calhoun, of Massachusetts, said that the
oornmittcc were unable to come to agreement on
the subject of nomination of officers ; every thing
wasjdcpendant on the officers, and timo was want
ed to perform their functions satisfactorily.
Mr. Stevens, of Vermont, thought that things
were not going on In the right order, and there
fore ho moved that membors first comply with
their duty, sign the constitution, and pay over the
two dollars prescribed, before they undertook to
• panic. I jFpluuHCi. j
Mr. Senator Douglas proposed to wait half an
hour for the purpose designated by tlio gentfouiun
from Vermont. ... , .
* A Member submitted that it was not in the pow
er of the convention to choose officers; ohen, on
xequeßt of
Mr. Thompson, of Mississippi, tho constitution
was read in full by the Siwretary.
Dr. Lee, of the Distrfo • of Columbia, was most
•nx’ous for tho prosperity of tho Society, and, in
order to render it as popular as possible, proposed
un amendment to that articlo ot the constitution
which should reduce the annual foe of member
ship from two dollarato one dollar, and life mem
bership from /.wouty-flvo to ton dollurs. This, he
thought, would fond greatly to tho efficiency of the
Society, and greatly inorouso its ranks and power
f °Th?s amendment being strenuously opposed by
members, tho Chair announced that no changes
could take place in the constitution but in con
formity with it* own provisions. Dr. Leo’s mo
tion to amend was not therefore in order.
Mr. Thompson, ot Mississippi, pressed tho
views first doveiopod by Mr. Stevens, of Vormont,
whereupon members surrounded the President’s
table, subscrib’od to tho constitution, and paid the
admission fee. . •
The committee which had retired to nominate
officors returned and reported.
Motions to adjourn were then made and reject-
Tho resolutions from the Committee on Busi
ness to memorialize Congress to establish an Agri
cultural Department were then taken up.
Mr Mdi'eury, of Maryland, opposed the resolu
tions and W>ped that tho Society would not adopt
them' Ho eondidered them us contemplating ac
tion on tho part of' Congress which was beyond its
authority. Congress acted under constitutional
limits, and the power U) establish a department or
agriculture had never boon granted it in the cou
stitutioa. lie viewed tho resolution as soliciting
notiou on the part of Congress which was uncon
stitutional. .. . ...
Mr, Senator Dougins coincided in sentiment with
tho goutleman from Maryland last up. There were
many in the Convention of like opinions. If an
agricultural department or bureau wore establish
ed, it would soon become, like all othor offices of
the Government, a plaoo for politicians, and its oc
cupant* would bo romovoubio at every change of
Administration. This would make those men
much too an.rious about politics to givo up tlioir
whole thoughts to thoiroftleial duties, and the eou-
N sequence would 1)0 the breaking down of tho whole
thing, lie proposed that, a department of agricul
ture should lie attached to tho Smithsonian Insti
tute, aud believed that this would bo nuTru in ac
cordance with the viows of Smithson than the
course pursued at present by those in charge ol
the Institution. There wore now no practical re
sults ; abstruse and theoretical subjects wqro. all
the professors busied themselves about, and, un
less this state of affairs wore reformod, the Institute
would become most odious in the sight of Ameri
can people. If it was tho wish of the friends of the
Smithsonian Institute to make their establishment
popular, they must rest it upon tho great industri
al institutions of tho country, lie wished the In
stitute to prosecute tho seiouoos, but only with
reference u> practical results. Let thorn pay atten
tion to geology, mineralogy, and mechanics, but
not forget agriculture. The Institution must make
itself useful, and not waste its investigations upon
the stars mid heavenly planets, and other matters
which hod no practical bearing. This Institution
publishes transactions and sends thorn all over tho
globo. It receives vast muubers of agricultural re
ports ami documents from all the agricultural so
cieties of tho country, but what d«* it do with
them ! For want of ail agricultural department
there is no exchange of these reports, uud they lie
accumulating and useless.
Mr. Douglas went on to remark on what ho
would compel our foreign consuls to do to lielp
the agriculture of the country. They should oof
)aet ml tho information possible respecting the
ntaplos, modos of cult ure, mid general productions
of the countries to which they uro respectively ac
credited, lie thought, the agricultural department
of the lustituo, ns thus proposed, should report
directly to Congress; ms it is, tho Smithsonian
Institute is not what it was. designed to bq by its
founder. Let us sec what the Institution lias been
doing. It collects hero during winter five or six
hundred people, almost wholly belonging to the city
of Washington, ladies and gentlomen, to listen to
evening lectures, mid tho rcsult|was that just about
os much good was dono and"as much innuonce ex
erted beyond the immediate vicinity ns would be
Jiroduced by the proceedings of a New England
yeouui. The amount of tho wholo matter was
this, that the Institute was not national, ami if not
changed it must foil.
Professor Joseph Henry rose and said that there
was no one who could feel more intend in the
Smithsonian Institution than himself, holding to
it tho relation thnt ho did. Ho was very much
surprised at tile course the debate had takeu. He
regretted that he had not been consulted in refer
ro the proposition nuMfo by the gentleman who
spoke last, buv it was sprg ng upon him now for tiro
first time. Tito will orSmvttiipn was much misun
derstood. His object in making that rich bequest
was not an ordinary one; it was not merely «w/«7
knowledge, in tho general acceptation of the word,
that he contemplated tiro increase and diffusion
of, but he had high objects, expanded and elevated
purposes, for he was a man of touch acquisition
and research. The construction put upon Smith
gtfu’s bequest was not » liberal ouc; it was not the
true construction. The object of Smithson ws.
not to confine tire benefits ot his Institution to this
country only, but to the whole brotherhood of
nitnkind. T’he people of the United States staud
as more trustees for the execution of la* will and
the prt.oer use of the fond: a laud not intended
for ends special to us, but for the universal family
Professor Henry said he had from the first dis
approved of mu?h of what had been done in the
exuenditnre ol thl't. fond. He hail raised Ids voice
«St the erection o.° this Norman castle, which
had coat two hundred thousand dollars, and had
cramped rcry mxoh the abilities of the Institution.
He waa no beggar for the post ho hold in it; ho
was invited to the place ami had .accepted it. As
for the plau which had that evening been pro
posed, to make the Institution ail Agrfcnltund
gocietv, he would rather blow It up, and stud tho
l'nnds’ back to the chancery of England, from
which the.' came, than that it should be adopted.
Smithson intended not tho diffusion of useful
knowledge morelv, but the increase of knowledge,
the continual addition of new facts to the store
il."»«dy in the possession of mankind. The world
is the’ product ot one great mind : one system
pervades it; all its parts are mutually connected
ind adapted; all sciences are akin each to the
other ; aud it was impossible to say how litffc or
much «nv one discovered fact in one department
should *tTeot other and apparently distinct and
diseonnecx'ed departments. All knowledge was
prartieut, he'* abstruse soever it might, to the
uninitiated, at, oear, aud in good time would always
vindicate itself i.i subserving the practical wants
and necessities of mankind. He wonld instant*-
the discovery of the mariner’s coni) ess. Who,
when they eontempiatea »man busied about the
seemingly trivial circumstance of the attraction
subsisting between a stous an.! B p'ee* of steel,
could have dreamed the greatness n! Gic results to
follow from it; results to bo ma.' kcJ in our
modern commerce and navigation, so wonderfully
exceeding those of ancient times. So with i>r»nk
lin, in his apparently trivial experiments, whi,'' l
were the foundation of the modern electrical tele
graph, with all its wonders and advantages. The
truth is, the higher the knowledge the more prac
tical and useful, and in this view it was that
agriculture is to be more advanced by the micros
cone than by the plough and harrow. All dis
coveries must be encouraged, and such an institu
tion as the Smithsonian required encouragement,
that it might, in the iacrea* of knowledge, aid ii.
adding now facts to science. For tlie difeuwo of
knowledge there were thorn >’,ds of institutions
where there was w for its increase, and tin
nmiiWnian Institution is pursuing its true and
in keeping that great fset in full
ffl-VTS •>««»£ poWMJed four quarto
i ßVfirv page of which contained some new
knowledge, and these volumes were
addition to We trill, said
r£f‘Henry, co-operate with agricultural societies,
.ml esimcbdly with the society now here in pro-
P tSablfshmcnt. The Smithsonian lnstitu-
Swiss offer its balls, its books, its apjKira.cs.
even now doing much for
We are preparing an extended ™P°* thL
ToLt tJ* of Amelia; wc have
* inmp on the sea weeds of America. Auer*.
Stings might appear of no 9^l
-Xrtinee and yet they are of the highest impor
These plants or weeds are of high value
chemical mid mechanic art.. But how came
« to publish this work on ***. weeds! Dr.
distinguiahed uiatt of HcivMoe t fwiu
Dublin, who has made the study of sea weeds the
fisjiecial study of his life, came to tho United States,
and wm* invited to lecture before the Lowell In
stitute of Boston on his favoriw topic. He did so,
and hh lias subsequently employed liimselfin ex
amining aud aoUeeting the sea weeds of America
from Boston to New Orleans, engaging many of
oor naturaliat* in the same study. Now, there
were no mean* by which the resnlts of these labors
could be given to the world until the Smithsonian
Institution came to the rescue. Wo published it,
and scut a copy to every liberal and learned socie
ty iu the world, to every agricultural'society, and
every College and respectable academy or lyceum.
We have much to do. Here is a building to be
finished. W r c are short of funds, or we would do
more. We luivo to collect a library, a museum, to
have lectures delivered; all this by the require
ments of Congress. Wo are managing the fund
iu such away as to be able to effect all the proper
aims, and we shall do it after having spent two
hundred thousand dollars inerecting thiabuilding.
[Applause.]
Sir. Senator Douglas did not wish to say any
thing disre- pectful, but he would take up the gen
tleman’s own statement, and ask why agriculture
was postponed behind such subject* as the Institu
tion was confessedly engaged about; why it did
not devote itself to corn instead of sea-weed t He
took exception to I'rof. Henry’s remark as to bis
preference for blowing up the Institution and
seuding it back to England, rather than have it de
voted as proposed by himself, ( Mr. D.) last year
when he (Senator D.) had privately stated bis
views on the subject to Prof. Henry, the hitter
bad taunted him, aud said that it would be turning
the Institution into a ‘-cow-pasture.”
Mr. .Senator En.sk saw thut much difficulty sur
rounded the question os to the attempted estab
lishment «f an Agricultural Bureau os a depart
ment of the Government. It was open to un
doubted objection on the score of its necessary
connection with party politics, and the objection
might be fatal. And yet. he thought it right and
proper that the Government should do something
for the cause of agriculture. There was, in his
view, a course to be adopted which wonld obviate
uil serious objection, and tliat was to establish an
agrienltural branch of the Bmithsonian Institution,
to be maintained by appropriation by Congress,
lie could not consent that Congress should obtain
for the country the benefit of such a connection
with the Smithsonian Institution without paying for
it; it would be discreditable that a Government
with fifty-two millions annual income should sad
dle itself upon an establishment founded by a pri
vate bequest, and that the bequest of a foreigner.
Mr. Husk paid handsome compliment to the Insti
tution. its professors and curators, for the skill,
science, industry and success which they had dis
played since its establishmsnt. He believed
they had done more for science than ever had been
done by any like institution in the world before.
His acquaintance with the Institution was very
limited, and yet he felt authorized to liear warm
testimony to the result* of the labors of it* faculty.
Mr. Ensk’s remarks were well conceived, and
appeared to be very acceptable to the Convention.
Succeeding this’tSie Convention, oil motion, ad
journed to ten o’clock on Friday morning.
FRIDAY’S PROCEEDINGS.
Mr. Holcomb renewed his remarks in favor of
the resolutions of the committee on business, and
spoke at considerable length, and with much
warmth and energy. He advocated strongly the
establishment of an Agricultural Bureau, and
contended that if Congress had a right to grant
bounties on commerce, on ocean steam navigation,
und to give way the public domain, which would
stimulate the naturalization of foreigners, and do
them the principal benefit, there was as much
power to establish a department to protect and
cherish the interests of four-fifths of the produ
cing labor of tho land, paying two-thirds of the
taxes of the country. He wanted to know the sta
tistics of all our staples, of our cotton especially,
us well as the cotton of the world. Ifo was not
partial to the form of the resolution written by
himself, but wbuld accept the substitute offered
last evening by Mr, Johnson, which simply called
for Congress to establish a department of agricul
ture, or aid their views in such way as it might
deem fit.
Mr. King, of New York, called tho Convention
to consider the one thing before them, and that
was, to solicit Congress to give them a department
or u bureau. If Congress could not do this, they
would say so ; it was their business, but it was
not the Convention’s. Let us ask, at any rate,
and leave Congress to determine tlicr own powers.
This he thought tho one thing tho Convention had
to do. Mr. K., offered a to the above
effect, ns a substitute for the resolutions of the
committee.
A member (whose name we did not learn) re
marked that, since he bad been in the Convention,
he had perceived a very general disposition to
allow every profession to dabble in politics but the
farmer; when it came to him tho word was “hands
off .’’ Now, ho protested against this. The farm
ers ought to be as weighty in politics as any other
class, und their voice us much respected. Poli
tics, ut least indirectly, through tho choice of Re
gents by Congress, controls tho Smithsonian Insti
tution now, and would do so in any case. For
himself, ho would like to have a politician, a Cabi
net Minister, at the head of Agriculture. If this
were the case, politics wonld be the better for it ;
for the case was similar to tliat of the banks when
it was so truly said that they would bo nil the
better for being connected with and controlled by
the farmers of tho country. If Congress will not
listen to our application, wo will not desist, but
roll the ball till it rolls over them. Tho farmers of
this country have to pay ten millions of taxes to
keep up free trade, lio with Canadian reciprocity.
For tho little boon of tho navigation of the Bt.
Lawrence we uro to meet the competition of Ca
nada in the grain market of our own country.
Let us ask Congress for what wo want, and not be
led away from our purpose by any proposition to
incorporate Ifris Society with the Smithsonian In
stitute.
Mr. Robinson (M. C. of Indiana) entered his
protest against tho general course of proceedings
of this Convention. He thought the Convention
was charged with the establishment of a National
Agricultural Society; instead of which it had re
solved itself into a political club. In the name
of bis people he protested against tho establish
ment of an agricultural department or bureau.
Its true object is.to obtain bounties for certain in
terests which were not agricultural; but farmers
want nothing of the sort; all they require is a fair
clianeo. He could understand how agriculture
could bo aided by suck incidental help as the
Government might constitutionally give it. By the
collection und distribution of seeds, Patent Uffioo
reports, &e., this might bo done ; but directly, the
tiling was unconstitutional. He thought he saw
the drift of matters. If protection could ba got
for wool, next would come a demand on tho suine
principle for protection for lion, coal—in fact for
everything, lie thought tho whole tiling was
pretty apparent. That farmers were politicians, ha
was very certain, and they were against a depart
ment of agriculture, ns ho was also against quar
tering a bureau on the Wmithsonion Institution.
Resolutions as substitutes for the resolutions of
tho committee were again offered, when—
Mr. Bell (M. 0. of Ohio) said that his people were
docply interested in agriculture, ami ho Imped the
resolution of the Committee would pass. The
farmers of Ohio had the same right to protection
that other industrial interest* had; as, for instance,
commerce on the ocean, and if bounties were ne
cessary, they hud a right to them too. Politicians
ill Congress were tho poorest farmers in tho world.
Ho concluded by remarking that agriculture had
un equal right liith every othor pursuit to national
protection.
Mr. Senator Douglas was compolleil by what he
had witnessed this morning to speak. The Con
vention was changing itself into a partisan political
organization—a Presidential ratification meeting.
The liu mar* jn Congress were as good os others—
us brokers, as peniiou agents, or merchants—who,
coining into tins Convention as farmers, perhaps
owning ft-tlireo-acre lot, hated the farmers in their
heart.’ Ho understood these personal taunts,
[nnioh feeling,] but his purpose m coming there
waa to represent the interests of agriculture.
What lmd ho heard this morningl Discussions
ou the tariff, homestead bill, thp naturalization
laws, and Canadian reciprocity. He had heard no
more political succeli in Congress this session.
These measures hud fae.cn denounced as unright
eous and iniquitous. Tho homestead bill had
been denounced by those who knew
it. or the circumstances of tiro Stutes where it was
to bo applied. The Canadian reciprocity bill would
aid every Interest in the eoimtr,-, and injure 11011,0 ;
it would’ give us tho use of tiie fit.. Lawrence river
and the Canadian canals, whilst it would substitute
for British shipping, British warehouses, and
British insurance companies, American ship
ping, American warehouses, and American insu
ranoe companies. Tho n.Cn who came here to op
pose tiiis bill, eumo hero, not a» farmers, but as
agents of Now England railroad companies and
canals, who want to compel the produce of Urn
West, in its passage w market, to continue sub
ject to their imposts. Buti'ms farmers of the West
were not to be driven from their object; they want
to open tho St. Lawrence, and to reduce tho New
England companies to moderation. As for the
Collins line, the question involved is one of nation
al pride, whether we shall suffer Great Britain to
drive the line off the face of tho ocean, lie him
self hod not voted for tho measure, but he would
not hear his colleagues, who had dono so from a
pure purjiose, denounced as they had been hero
to-day.
1 f Congress wore arraigned by this body, it would
bo vain to expect any aid to it by Congress.
[At this moment Mr. Webster entered, apparent
ly in very feeble health, when the whole Conven
tion cheered and rose to tlioir foot. He soon re
tired.]
Mr. Douglas, resuming, recommended the Con
vention to keep strictly to its proper objects.
Yesterday, before polities were introduced, all was
hurmoiiy’ and peace ; but afterwards, discord,
acrimony, and had feeling prevailed. He thought
they had better go home, consider their object dis
passiotnuely, anil then, after the Presidential elec
tion was over, meet again. He could not think
tliat a memorial, fought inch by inch, and obtained
l-y a despotic majority over ti minority, could suo
oeoa in Congress. It was better to east aside the
apple of ffiseojtd. He had uo wish to differ with
«ny gentleman, but the proceedings of last cven
iqjj’s session and tins mcrijing's, had caused him
deep regret, Any thing oticusiye to any gentle
man that might have escaped him iu the licat of
debate he desired to withdraw, and to stand on
perfectly friendly terms witli all.
ilr. Holcomb remarked that lie was a fanner all
through; aU, drank, and was clothed by his farm;
supported his family by his farm, and Ids farm was
the basis of all liis ‘means. He was no three-acre
farmer, but cultivated eight hundred afcres. Hi*
people would be surprised to hear it said tliat he,
who did not indulge iu swell things at home,
should come hereto make political speeches.
Mr. Douglas explained, and both gentlemen re
presented themselves entirely satisfied.
Gov. Steele, of New Hampshire, wished to put
himself right, and moved to lay the wholo sub
ject on the table, lie wishedto act as the constitu
tion dictated, which loft the Society to act through
their officers.
M», Lewi*, of the District of Columbia, address
ed the Convention.
A motion haring been made to lay the resolu
tious on the tabic, several members oft, e Con
vention wished to speak, when the Chair decided
that tiui motion to lay on the table was not de
batable. On being put to the vote, it w s decided
that tlie resolution* be not laid on the table.
Mr. Jessup, of Pennsylvania, regretted what had
taken place, lie was not m the Convention last
night, but had been told that the charge that the
Convention had converted itself into a political
club wa* first sprung by Judge Douglas.
Mr. Douglas explained that he had not charac
terized any' mau'* remarks as political, but hail said
that the establishment of an agricultural bureau
would have a political bearing.
Mr. Jessup, resuming, hoped that the farmers
of tho oountrv would uot think that they had come
here to discuss* polities. He thought that the
very harmlest proposition now before us, to pray
Congress for some aid to the cause of agriculture,
might be unanimously adopted.
Mr. Douglas thought the course proposed by
Joy. Stacie, of New Hampshire, the proper one.
ilr. King* of New York thought the Convention
should prisoned to its proper business, and advo
cated the roCtyttition by Congress in some form of
the claims of agrie'd ture ou national concern. He
hoped that all that’hna occurred might be passed
over, that harmony would I*' restored, and the
resolution he presented to CongrcaJ* Det us break
up in the right spirit.
Mr. Jessup said it was widely felt over the .'“d
t ltd agriculture was insufficiently eared tor, ana ,
that Congress should do something for it. What
tlat shad be, let Congress for itself determine, but
letit beooineihmg.
Mr. Rusk remarked that there was a wide differ
ence 01 opinion sg m t p, B eonstitutionalitv of an
agricultural bureau. He moved to appoint’a com
mittee to memorialize Congress, to solicit such aid
as in their wisdom they might deem fit. He knew
many in Congress, and strict constrnetionst* too,
who would do what they eonid to assist the cause
of agriculture. For hiimself he would vote for an
agricultural bureau under proper restrictions,
though many equally entitled u ith himself to their
respect might oppose it.
Mr. Newman, of Ohio, said that, however much
difference there might have been in Convention,
all agreed upon one point. Congress should do
tomJiiinc;. Let the Convention give such an ex
pression ts. their opinion, and it could he done
with entire unanimity, for there wa* nothing in
the resolutions to prevent it This would give s
potency to their action that must tall.
Mr. ’Thompson, of Mississippi, was an agricul
turist, and came here to get and diffuse knowledge
on that subject, not to discuss subjects, such as had
been raised. He went for practical discussions on
agriculture,Snd thought this Society ought not to
*eek to direct or control the legislation of Congress.
He advocated theproposition of Gen. Busk.
Mr. King, or New York, hoped now to come to
soma praetieal_ result, and offered the following
resolution, which was carried by a nearly unani
mous about of acclamation:
linolved, That this Convention respectfully re
quest Congress to take setion upon the subject of
agriculture, and afford such efficient aid as in their
wisdom shall be best calculated to advance the
great interests of that branch of indostrv.
A vote of thanks was then passed to Prof. Henry
for the use of the hall.
A motion was made and carried that members
meet at half-paat two o’clock at Willard's Hotel,
for thepurpoie of calling on the President of the
Unitesr States, and paying him their personal re
spects.
Mr. Stevens suggested that premiums should be
offered for histones of the wool and cotton cul
tures of this country, from their incipiencv to the
present day.
Dr. Lee moved that tiiis society invite 00-opera
tion from all other kindred socictiee and institu
tions of the country.
Mr. Jos. H. Bradley, of the District of Columbia,
moved votes of thanks to the President, Vice Pre
ident, and Secretary of the Sociely, to which the
President and Secretary responded in handsome
terms.
Professor Henry returned thanks for the kind
vote that noticed him, and promised for the Smith
sonian Institution all that it could do for the cause
and interests of agriculture. They had also some
report* on the subject, which they would publish
soon. He apologized for any thing objectionable
in liis speech or manner which had occurred last
night, and found, on conferring with Judge Doug
las, that they did not materially differ on the sub
ject. He thonght that an arrangement could be
made by the Smithsonian Institution with the
United Stales Agricultural Society mutnally bene
ficial to both.
Mr. Douglas explained that bis misunderstand
ing of Professor Henry’s remark last year was the
cause of what he hod said last night. What the
Professor had spoken in joke he had supposed to
hfive been senously said. He hoped that his
warmth and ardor in the debate would be overlook
ed. If he had said any tiling harsh or unkind, he
regretted it, and retracted wUlingly. He believed,
however, that these collisions, alter all, had done
good rather tlian harm, for they had left behind no
unkind emotion, and that, as agriculturists and
freemen, all dissatisfaction wonld cease, and they
wonld separate as a band of brothers.
Mr. Sexton, of Wisconsin, said that, after the
exciting discussion which had been listened to on
the resolution, he was glad that it bad terminated
so harmoniously, and, os he conceived, would re
sult advantageously to the agricultural interest.
Facts liaa been elicited, the great object of the
Convention attained, and the State Agricultural
Society of Wisconsin would heartily concur in it*
deliberations, and be grateful lor documents of
this Convention and of State societies.
Dr. Lee said that, from a conversation with Pro
fessor Henry, he felt tliat an arragement could he
made of great advantage to the Society: that the
chemical apparatus of the Institution could be used
for the purpose of analysis of soils, <fec. lie felt
assured all would eventuate happily.
On motion of Mr. Branch, the Convention ad
journed sine die.
Protection and Production.—The establish
ment of a protective system in Germany among
the States of the Zollverein, says the Baltimore
American, has Blood the test of experiment and
confirmed itself beyond all contingency of change
in the public favor. For some twenty years the
Status of the Zollverein have prospered under
their policy of encouragement to domostic indus
try. They are now consumers of our cotton and
are in a fairway to rank soon among our best cus
tomers. Instead of depending upon England for
manufactured fabrics the Germans, under the
protection of the Zollverein, buy the raw ma
terial and manufacture for themselves. Within
fifteen years the consumption of cotton we learn
has inereosod in those States one hundred and
fifty per cent.
In the manufacture of iron the advance of the
Zollverein States has been equally marked. The
ability of the pooplc to consume tiiis article of the
first necessity lias kept pace with the increased
production of it, so that for ten years previous to
1844 the consumption of iron in the Zollverein
kicrcased per head one hundred and forty per
cent.
The benefits of a sound protective system arc
not to be estimated, however, by the effects pro
duced by it upon this or that particular interest.
It is in the general prosperity of all brandies of
industry that the wholesome efficiency of a wise
Erotcctive policy is made manifest. The ability to
uy increases in proportion to the ability to pro
duce ; and when, under the assurance of a protec
tive bulwark, the enterprising artisan, mechanic
or manufacturer, gives scope to his inventive ge
nius aud steadily applies his labor and his means
to the business in which he has hopes to prosper,
his own advance from year to year makes him the
better able to purchase the products of the indus
try of his neighbors. An identity of interest
thus runs through all vocations and pursuits of
industry. And in like manner, upon a national
scale, the prosperity of manufacturing labor while
it not only buildß up a home market for the agricul
turist and tends to enhance the value of his
lands, contributes also to the interests of commerce
—although at first view it would seem that the
imposition of protective duties was calculated to
obstruct commerce.
But in point of fact it is established beyond con
troversy that the commerce of a nation will always
keep pace with its productive capabilityso that
whatever obstructions may seem ’to be put in tho
way of foreign trade by the imposition of duties
for protection, the increased power of production
in the country which such duties bring into activi
ty, operates to extend commerce to the full measure
of such jupreaso. As a genori|l thing, a nation
will always trado to the full extent of its capacity
to make returns for commodities purchased.
Sometimes it happens, as our own history may
attest, that a nation trades too much; and the temp
tation to do so is peculiarly strong with us under
the influence of those facilities for importation
which, discouraging as they are to the growth of
our domestic industry, are wonderfully adapted to
expedite the process of going into debt to foreign
nations, Our railroads and other stocks uro now
in demand, it would appear, on tho other side of
the Atlantic, and it is a convenient operation, or at
i#nst seems to bo, to pay for cargoes of imported
goods in this species of script—the final result be
ing kept out of viow for the present, that these
stocks must bo made good some time or other in
money, und that in the interim the regular pay
ment of interest must go on. California has
saved 11s from the immediate revulsion which this
system was threatening—but wo cannot be sure
that oven the resources of California will continue
toayaii in averting the natural sequence of cause
and effect.
Mil. Clat’s Corns.—The New York Tribune of
Wednesday, says:
In pursuance of requests from friends of lion.
Henry play, deceased, (received per Telegraph,)
Messrs. W. M- Raymond # Co„ this afternoon
forwarded a sarcophagus, or what is atylcd “ Fisk’s
Metallic Burial Case,” for the inclosure of his re
mains,
In addition to the adaptation of those oases for
tho preservation and transportation of bodies, the
one provided on tiiis occasion surpasses, in richness
of style and finish, any thing of the kind ever
produced in tiiis country, doing great credit to the
proprietors for the skill displayed.
The material of which the case is composed con
sists of a uqimposition of metals of the most inde
structible character—the shape resembling the out
linos of tho human body, an 4 80 joi»®d together
as to be iimpervious to air or watera enveloping
this is rich folding drapery of black dffitW'onfonn
ing in shape with the caso; the handles, The face
plate, the plate for inscribing the name, with the
other plates, are of massive silver, beautifully
wrought and chased, haying appropriate emblems,
aiqong Which appear wreaths of laurel and oak,
with a foil-blown rose and sprig of oak, with its
acorn detached fropi their parent Btpms. showing
the work of the fell destrqyer, The inside is lined
with rich white satin, tastefully cushioned, quilted
and hound with silver cord. The whole appear
ance, although rich and beautiful, atili plain and
appropriate.
The Progress or Railway Construction in the
United States. —In 1827 was built the Quincy Rail
way, in Qqinoy, Mass. It was only three miles in
length, and was nspd qnfy for the transit of granite
from the ledges to tide-water. In 1829 there wore
aqtutnieted some twenty-five miles of railway in
Pennsylvania for coal purposes. In December 28th,
1828, thirteen miles of the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad, in Maryland, were opened. The follow
ing table will give an idea of the progress from
year to year, from the earliest period, thronghout
the United States;
Y«ar. Miles. Year. Miles.
1515..... 8 1841 8,819
182# 28 1812 8,877
1889 41 1848 4,174
1881 54 1844 4,811
1882 181 1816 4,511
1888... 576 1846 4,570
1884 762 1847 5,386
1885 918 1818 5,652
1886 1,104 1849 6,350
1887 1,421 ISSO 7,855
1888 1,843 ISSI 9,020
188# 1,920 1552 11,565
1840 2,167
The Pennsylvania Railroad from Philadc'phia
to Pittsburgh, is doing a very heavy trade. Tho
comparative receipts for the first five months of the
year were as follows :
1851. 1852.
Receipts for January. | 49,619.40 $ 92,172.50
February 50,196.84 155,651.18
March 138,483.63 248,778.71
April 107,289.38 204,808.94
May 82,485.75 161,588.92
857,990.20
Receipts in 1851 482,975.00
Increase in five months $465,015.20
Mail Hobberv and Arrest.—We learn from the
agents of the Post Office Department, that Antho
ny G. Hastings, Postmaster at Hillsborough, Dela
ware. waa arrested ou Friday last, and lodged in
jail at Georgetown, Del., on the charge of rob
bing the Umted States mail at various times, for six
mouths past of letters containing money to a con
siderable amount, sent South, East, ’North and
West. Several packages containing money for
Baltimore and various parts of Virginia, and" oth
ers for Washington, Georgetown, Philadelphia,
and various other point* have been recovered, and
a considerable portion of the missing money, with
many of tlie letters, was fonnd in bis possession
when arrested. The discovery and arrest were
made through the exertions of James L. Maguire,
of this city, special agent of the Post office Depart
ment.
At about half past two o’clock yesterday after
noon, our city was visited by one of the heaviest
thunder storms we have for some time witnessed.
The rain for about half an hour poured down lite
rally in torrents. The lightning also was most
vivid, and tbnnder clap after thunderclap reverbe
rated in quick succession. We have not heard of
any damage having occurred, but judging from
the sound, the lightning must have struck some
where to tlie South, not far from the city. After
the raiu, the mercury in the thermometer at the
rear of our office fell 11 deg., though at sp.rn.it
rose 4 deg.—it having stood at 7a.m„ at 79 deg.,
at 9 a. m., at 82 deg., at noon at 9S deg., at S p. hi.,
at 77 deg., and at sp. m., at SI deg.—G l. Courier,
0/ Saturday.
Fine Fruit. —There was a large attendance yes
terday at the Augusta Hotel, to look at the second
display of Fruit from the extensive orchard of
James’ L. Coleman, Esq., about four miles from
the city. We think there must have been some
thirty or forty varieties of Peaches, Apricots,
Nectarines, Teare, Plumsand Apples, ana takeu
it wa* one of the most handsome dis
plays 01’ fruß we have ever seen. At 5 o’clock in
the’aftamoon it was auctioned off by Messrs. S.
C. Grenville & Co,, and brought thirty-six dollars
whieh'Sir. C., with fall accustomed liberality, gave
a* a contribution to tho orphans of the city. The
first Peach offered,and the first lirnbof Nectarines,
brought five duffer*.— timet, et B«p. of yts
—A fire broke out a few minutes before {
morning in a wooden building on
(» few doors west of the Planters’
K»r ** tbe Phc »nix House, occupied as a
«U«V by F. M. Mvreli. The
tire w_* th * b*[" ro °m, which was des
troyed , the exertions of th. firemen preventing it
from oommurucuiugwith« *Jjoiuir£ tenements,
which are also of wood, and immedixmiv conned
ted. The building win owned by J, Oliver.—
J*r. R*f.
WEEKLY
Cjjruratlt & ikitiitttL
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.
WEDNESDAY MORNING JULY 7, 1862.
“The time has now certainly arrived, wlien the
Union party should “ take action ” upon the Pre
sidential question, and show us the result of the
masterly inactivity policy which it, in its last Con
vention, assumed. Where ore the advocates of
this policy, or rather, where arc those who adhered
to it alter it w as abandoned bv the Democratic por
tion of the Union Party ! What do they propose
to do ?—Journal <!• Messenger.
It is very apparent, from the above extract, that
the “action” policy of our Macon contemporary,
has involved it in a labyrinth from which it would
gladly be extricated. Hence, the appeal to the ad
vocates of “the masterly inactivity policy” for
their counsel in this dilemma. A wonderful change
has suddenly been wrought upon him. A few
weeks ago he would not be admonished, but urged
the sending of delegates to Baltimore, charged to
require the adoption of a satisfactory platform in
advance of the nomination. The delegates went—
obeyed their instructions, the Convention acqui
esced, adopted the Southern, a most full and satis
factory platform, and then nominated their ticket.
Yet, strange to say, the Messenger refuses to sup
port the ticket thus nominated by its own Conven
tion—a body into which it went of its own free
will. We confess we do not see how the ifessen
ger can justify itself for refusing to support a nom
ination under such circumstances. Its position is
certainly an embarrassing one, and we allude to it
in no unkind spirit, for we are not disposed to re
proach our friends, who desired to accomplish the
same object with ourselves, but by different means.
Our contemporary asks, with great apparent
earnestness, and we doubt not sincerity, what the
advocates of the “ masterly inactivity policy ” pro
pose to do ? For ourselves, as an humble though
zealous advocate of that policy, we propose to an
swer, premising that it commits no body to our line
of policy. We still propose and suggest inaction,
because we cannot consistently, with our sense of
duty, as an Americam citizen and an independent
journalist, support candidates who have no claims
to the office to which they aspire ; and we are sat
isfied Gen'ls Scott and Pierce are both in this un
enviable category. We will not support Scott be
cause we regard him unfitted for the station; and
Pierce because we not only regard him unfitted, but
objectionable, because of his obnoxious principles.
As an ardent Whig—one- earnestly devoted to
what we regard conservative, Whig principles—
our policy is, and we would commend it to the
Whig party of Georgia, to take no part in the con
test. Wc speak of and to the Whig party, because
we regard the Constitutional Union party as virtu
ally dissolved by the common action, if not con
sent, of the constituent members. The Conven
tion, therefore, which has been called and may
probably assemolc on the 15th inst., will have no
binding efficacy upon any body. If it should as
semble, and recommend the support of Pierce,
we,shouldnotpav the slightest respect to the sug
gestion. For we would, under no circumstances,
now that the Whig party has adopted a platform,
equal in all, and superior in many respects
Democratic, support Gen. Pierce.
Wc have no other motive in making this sug
gestion of “inaction," than the preservation of the
Whig party in the State. Wo want to avoid a
collision and conflict of Whig with Whig in the
canvass, and the only way this can be accomplish
ed is, to let the election go by default. For it is a
well ascertained fact, that Gen. Scott was not an
acceptable candidate to one in one hundred Whigs
in the State, however a few may, since the Homing
tion, have expressed a willingness to support him,
alone because he is the nominee of the Whig
party. Hence, while a portion would refuse to sup
port either candidate, another portion wotMd vote
for Pierce, thus bringing those who profess the
same principles in positions directly antagonistic,
without the possibility—much less probability—of
accomplishing any good. For no man pretends
there is any prospect, not the remotest, of carrying
the State for Scott.
We might enlarge upon this branch of the sub
ject, but we deem it unnecessary, prefering only to
hint at the strong points in the case, and leave it
to the calm and dispassionate consideration of our
Whig readers. Wo have not taken our position
without mature and deliberate reflection, and we
feel confident that it will be approved by the more
sagacious and reflecting of the Whigs who will
give the subject that careful investigation its im
portance demands.'
The Triumph of the Union Party.
The Baltimore American, in commenting upon
the letters of Messrs. Pierce and Kino, after
noticing that the letter of Mr. Pierce contained
but a single sentancc of any point, force or sub
stance, proceeds to remark :
“Now it is very well known that the essential
point in both the Whig and the Democratic plat
forms —the point which embraced the really vital
issue before both Conventions—was the one relat
ing to the Compromise measures—their firm main
tenance and faithful enforcement. It is equally
well known that these measures were adopted
under a Whig administration ; that they nave
been carried out with energy, prudence and wis
dom by Mr. Fillmoro ; that they constitute in fact
the characteristic measures of his administration.
Wo may recognize, therefore, in the adoption by
the Domooratic Convention of the Compromise, in
its prinoiple and its finality, a tribute, sincere no
doubt, as it is well deserved, to the national policy
of Mr. Fillmore’s administration. Wo do not
complain that they havo taken Whig material
wherewith to construct the strongest portion of
their platform—if they are willing to run the risk
of exposing to the people the incongruity of the
combination so visible in their political architec
ture. The introduction of that one clement of
constitutional nationality intoamedlov of nega
tions denying constitutional powors to the Nation
al Government, may be intended to impart to their
structure something of the style of the arabesque,
or a mixture of the picturesque —but it is most late
ly to be regarded generally as essentially of the
grotesque.”
At the South this swallowing of the Union pill
has, to many of the supporters of Pierce, been a
bitter dose, but the liopo of the spoils has norved
them to the effort, and they have been enabled to
accomplish it with but few grimaces or contortions
of countenance. With thorn, principles were
nothing, the spoils every thing. Hence their wil
lingness to reject all the principles which, with
so much affected sincerity, they proclaimed a few
jponths ago, and look only to the spoils to com
pensate them.
Muscogee Railroad.
The subjoined extract of a letter to a gentleman
in Savannah, published in the Republican, conveys
gratifying intelligence of the progress of tho Mus
cogee Bailroad to an early completion. When this
connection is accomplished the communication of
Savannah with the western and northwestern ex
tremities of the State, at Columbus and Chattanoo
ga, will be direot and continuous, affording facili
ties to her commerce which no other Southern
city enjoys. It remains now for her to complete
at the earliest possible day her connection with
Augusta. This done nothing can arrest her on
ward progress, if she but displays an ordinary de
gree of enterprise, industry and sagacity. We are
therefore the more surprised, considering the im
portance of the Waynesboro’ and Augusta Koad
to her success and prosperity, that she lias mani
fested so littte interest in pressing it forward to an
early completion. It is a connection of much great
er importance to her, and promises greater advan
tages, than the South-Western or Muscogee Roads,
and yet it has been permitted to drag its slow
longth along, while they have been hurried tlirough.
In this, we think, she has evidently miscalculated,
bocausc of her under-estimating the advantages of
a connection with Augusta. But to the extract:
“ Thirty miles of this Boad from Columbus, cast,
is now in operation. Tho bridging and masonry
on the whole line is completed, and but twenty
miles more of superstructure to lay —the timber for
which, for ten miles, is delivered on the line. A
large force of hands is now engage dan laying down
the superstructure and completing the grading.
“ There is now up doubt but that the whole of
the part of the Bi*fl owned by this Company—so
miles—will be completed and in operation by the
Ist day of November next: and lam informed that
the Southwestern Company is progressing rapidly
with their fork connecting with this Boad. They
have commenced laying the superstructure at Fort
Valley, and are pushing the work on with great
despatch. They will try hard to meet us at the
connecting point.”
i Wesleyan Female College.
1 We learn from th% Journal & Messenger that
| the Commencement Exercises of the Wesleyan
Female College, at Macon, begin on Sunday, the
lltb of July, -when Bishop Audrews will preach
the Commencement Sermon. The examination
of the classes takes place on Monday and Tuesday,
the 12th and 13th. On Wednesday night there will
be a Concert of Vocal and Instrumental music, by
Professor Gutteubciger’s pupils, Wednesday and
Thursday will be devoted to the public exercises of
the Graduating Class, which will take place in the
Methodist Church. On Tuesday degrees will be
conferred, and the lion. Henry R. Jackson, of
Savannah, will deliver an address. The approach
ing Commencement will doubtless excite much in
terest among the citizens, and attract a large crowd
of visitors to Macon from abroad. We have been
requested to state that the fall term of the
College will begin on the Ist Monday in October.
Pat yora Postage. —An exchange paper says
The man who, under the present rates, writes
without paying postage is not entitled to the cour
tesy of a reply. To save three cents, he makes
you pay five; and frequently in relation to matters
entirely personal to himself.’ There is no excuse
for this, as every man can carry a few stamps in his
pocket.
The true system is, fbr every man to pre-pay all
letters, and when writing on your own business
i and an answer is required, enclose a stamp to pre
pay the reply.
Commander-in-Chief of the Army. —lt appears
it is not certain that in case of Gen. Seott's elec
tion, Gen. Woll, would become Hie Commander
in-Chief of the Army, as it would depend on the
will of the President. A Washington letter says
that on the death of Maj. Gen. Brown, the con
test was between Gen. Scott and Gen. Gaines, the
one senior by brevetand the other by lineal rank,
which is precisely the case between Gen. Wool and
Gen. Twiggs. Gen. Wool's lineal rank dates
from 1841 ; Gen. Twiggs’ from 1846; brevet rank
of the former, 1847—0 f the latter, 1846. Presi
dent Adams appointed Col. Macomb Major-General
over both Scott and Gaines, as seniority does not
establish promotion in the army beyond field or
regimental officers.
Sectarianism is a miserable short-sighted pre
judice. ft makes you hat* your neighbor because
he cats hie nyitera roasted w hen yen prefer them
»* the shell. W
“The (Morions Fourth,”
W as celebrated in. this city, on Monday last, with
more spirit and cr>thnsiasm than wc have seen
manifested upon a similar occasion for years. At
the first light of morning, our citizens were aroused
from their slumbers by the booming of » federal
salute; and shortly afterward the streets were |
thronged with multitudes of people, in holiday
garb, all seeming eager for participation in the j
ceremonies of the Day.
The first procession was formed by our gallant
Firemen, who, with their Engiles tastefully and
appropriately draped and festooned with flowers
and evergreens, and all their fixtures and appoint
meuts in the finest order, msrehed to the City Hall
—where, after the Declaration of Independence had
been read by A. M. Bodgebs, Esq., they listened t 0
an Oration from Lt. D. S. Johnbon, which is spoke n
of by all who had thepleasure of hearing it, as a pro
duction of much merit. The Fire Companies were
accompanied by two bands of music, and the ap*
pearanee of their processiom was highly attractive
and creditable.
At nine o’clock, an immense audience, compri
sing much of the intellect and beauty of Augusta
and its environs, asecmbled at the City Hall Park
They were joined soon after by onr entire military
force, having under escort the Washington Ligh
Infantry —one of the finest of the many spirited
and gallant volunteer companies of which our sister
city, Charleston, is so justly proud. The Light
Infantry were under command of Lieut. Blandino,
a brave and meritorious Officer in the Mexican War!
and in conjunction with our own citizen-soldiers’
presented a most animating and imposing appear
aqee.
The exercises of the day were opened by a fervid
and eamestinvocation to the Throne of Grace, by
the Bev. Mr. Pinkerton, followed by a national air
from the band. Dr. J uriah Harris then read, in
an appropriate and impressive manner, the Decla
ration of Independence; after which the Orator of'
the Day, Ambrose Spencer, Esq., arose, and, for
nearly an hour, enchained Iris audience with an
Oration replete with stirring eloquence and lofty
patriotism. The speaker traced, in most beautiful
language, the rise and progress ofjhc Spirit of Free
dom in this country—the budding and subsequent
growth of the Tree of Liberty, which, planted in
1776, and baptized in the blood of heroes, now
spreads its branches from the Atlantic coast to the
shores of the far-off Pacific, offering repose and
protection to the oppressed and down-trodden
millions of other lands. He alluded to tho magic
influence of the Press, as the engiuo of lreedoim
and the foe of tyrants—spoke of its agency in sus
taining the drooping spirits, and giving direction
to the energies of the Patriots of the Bevolution —
of its vast power for good, when properly directed,
and its priceless value in perpetuating the thoughts,
sentiments, and actions of the noblest of mankind
He then welcomed the military and civic guests Os
our sister State who honored ns by their presence
—paid a glowing tribute to the gallantry and chiv
alrie gharactcr of Carolina—apostrophized, in elo
quent and fitting terms, the Flag of Eutaw, the
crimson relie of a hard-fought field—and concluded
by eulogizing the lamented Calhoun, and pronoun
cing a most touching and impressive monody on
the death of the Sage of Ashland— Henry Clay —
America’s great Statesman and Patriot.
In this hasty sketch, it is, of course, impossible
for us to do anything like justice to the Oration of
Mr. Spencer; but we shall avail ourselves of the
kind permission of the author to lay before our
readers some extracts from that eloquent and beau
tifully written production, to-morrow.
In the afternoon, the military .and a large eon
course of citizens repaired to the grove near Ham'
burg, to witness an animated contest for a prize at
target shooting by the Light Infantry from Charles
ton. Tho target wus placed at the distance of 75
yards, and fired at with rifles similar to those used
by the Clinch Rifles of this city. Five members
of the Light Infantry succeeded in putting in
their three balls ; but Sergeant Black, whose three
shots averaged about 8% inches from the centre,
was declared the winner. The prize, a beautiful
silver goblet, was presented to Mr. Black by Am
brose Spencer, Esq., accompanied by a very
graceful and appropriate speech—after which the
compapics returned to the city.
About 10 o’clock P. M., the military and their
nvited guests sat down to a sumptuous andinvi
tiug repast, prepared in the best style of “ mine
host ” of the United States Hotel. The company
was very large, (entirely filling the spacious dining
hall of the hotel,) and the>most pleasing spirit Os
harmony and good fellowship seemed to pervade
all hearts. Tho usual number of regular and
volunteer toasts were proposed and responded to •
speeches were made by Lieut. Blanding, Captain
Porter, Col. Talcott, Copt. Andrews, and many
other gentlemen—the laugh and jest went merrily
around the festive board—the hours flew by swift
ly and unheeded; and whon the rosy dawn peeped
o’er the eastern hills, a “ goodly companic ” were
still enjoying the “ feast of reason and the flow of
soul.”
Thus was the great Jubilee of Independence
celebrated among ns, and wc have rarely witnessed
anywhere a’finer display, or been present on «n
occasion which seemed to give so much satisfac
tion to all classes of onr people. The visit of our
Carolina friends will be long remembered with
the deepest pleasure ; and should they bear off
with them as many joyous and agreeable memo
ries as they have left behind, their visit may be
the happy moans of drawing the bonds of union
and fraternal sympathy moro closely between sister
States whose aims, prospects and interests arc
identical and inseparable.
Our Military Visitors.
Tiie Washington Light Infantry, of Charleston,
a remarkably well disciplined and soldierly-looking
corps, reached our city Saturrday afternoon, and
were escorted from the Bailroad Depot at Ham
burg, by our three military companies in full uni
form. Upon arriving in front of the United. States
Hotel, the companies paused, and Capt. Wilson, of
the Clinch Rifles, addressed himself to Lieutenant
Blanding, of the Light Infantry, and after paying
a well merited tribute to the bravery of his men,
called upon him to “surrender them uncondi
tionally to the hospitalities of the Clinch Rifles.”—
To this the gallant Lieutenant responded in suita
ble terms, returning thanks for the offered courtesy,
ahd remarking that, although his men had yet to
learn how to surrender to anything, they would,
on this occasion, most cheerfully yield themselves
to the kind offices of tlicir friends of tho Rifles. At
this stage of the proceedings, a very beautiful bo
quet was presented to Lieut. Blanding, for which
he bowed his tliunks to the fair donors, and the
different companies dispersed.
The Washington Light Infantry arc the guests of
that spirited corps, the Clinch Rifles, but wc doubt
not that all our companies and citizens will emu
late each other in the endenvor to make their stay
among us as delightful as possible.
We subjoin a list of the officers of the Infantry:
Ist Lieut. W. Blanding, Comd'g.
2d “ C. Y. Biciiaudson.
L. M. Hatch, Ensign.
Sargents— T. C. Mitchell, A. F. Black, E. J.
I’ringle, P. W. byvLE.
. Corporals —O. W ii.ket, E. W. Loyd, J. S. Bo
berts, Thos. Y. Simons, Jr.
Boydell'a Illustration's of Sliakspeare.
We are indebted to the publishers for Nos. 41
and 42 of this splendid work, which embodies some
of the finest conceptions of Beynold’s, West Fu
seli, Northcote and other eminent masters; and
as it contains a large number of faithful portraits
of the Kings, Queens, Nobles, Chieftains, &c.,
who figure in the plays, it has no equal in the world
of art.
The numbers before. us eontain four elegant
illustrations.. One the scend in “Troilus and
Cressida,” in which Troilus is made conscious of
her want of fidelity to her plighted vows by de
tecting her in the act of bestowing the love token
he had presented her upon Diomede. The Sec
ond is a most graphic sketch of the scene in
Cymbcline, of the parting between Posthumus
and Imogen, at the moment of which, the King
enters and bids him depart.
A third illustrates that stirring scene in Henry
the Eighth, the.intcrview between Queen Catharine
and Cardinals Woolscy and Campeius. The fourth
and last, the scene between Cariolanus, his mother
Volumnia and his wife Virgilia, hpd entered
the camp of the Voleci, and on their knees im
plored him not to devastate his country and na
tive city, and bring disgrace upon his proud
name. The scene is one of touching interest, and
the Artist has given it with fine effect.
The work may be seen at the Book Store of J. A.
Carrie & Co.
1 New Books.
1 “Lrm,E I’EDLCiOTON AXD the Pedungtonians.”
, By Jxo. Po-.le, author of “Paul Pry,” Ac. Two
[ volumes. “ Appleton’s Popular Library of the
best Authors.”
I These clever and amusing papers, wh icb embody
j, a capital burlesque upon the inflated, importance
of insignificant place*, persons and things, are well
worth reading, even for the tenth time ; and we
[ find ourselves enjoying over this new edition, as
hearty a laugh as we indulged in years ago upon ma
king our first acquaintance with the work. It is writ
ten somewhat in the style of the “ Pickwick Pa
pers,” and Humbug, Cant, Quackery and Pre
tence are satirized in a manner that even Boz him
self need not be ashamed of.
For sale by Geo. A. Oates <fc Co.
Blacewood's Magazine.— The June Number,
Leonard Scott & Cp.’s reprint, has been laid on
onr table. The leading article, the “ Policy of the
Protectionists,” is a strong and vigorous one, evinc
ing much research and a very intimate acquaint
ance with the whole subject. “Five Years in the
West Indies,” is a very interesting criticism on Mr.
Dat’s work. And “ Fortune Hunting Extraordi
nary,” is an amusing and entertaining sketch of
the vicisitndes in the life of a Matrimonial Fortune
Hunter, a rara avis in this age 1 which should be
extensively read. There are several other articles
of merit.
Mr. Thomas Courtney is Agent for Angusta, on
whom subscribers are requested to call for their
numbers.
“ Till Prarie Scout, or Agalone the Renegade 1 '
is the tittle of a new work, containing thrilling and
romantic sketches of wild adventure and prairie
life. It is well calculated to keep the readers at
tention on the qui rice this warm weather, and can
be found at the Book utore of Geo. A. Oates & Co.
New Post Offices.— The following new Post
Offices have been established in this State: Rural
Vais, Whitfield Co., W*. James, P. M.; Mount
Carmel, Henry Co., W. W. Cochran, P.M.
Crist alias Coleman, charged with the murder
of his fellow traveler, Nye, at the Eutaw House,
Mobile, In February last, has been tried for the
offence and found guilty of “murder in the first
degree.”
Courting the Freesoii.ers.— The New York
Evening Poet, is exceedingly anxious to bring into
the support of Gen. Pierce its Froaoil colaborers,
and seeks to make the impression that Pierce is
quite as good a Freesoiler as itself. Wo cull an
extract:
“ Mr. Pierce voted, when in Congress, to re
spect the right of petition as exercised by the
abolitionists. In 1887, when, after having served
his state in the House of Representatives, he had
taken his seat as a member of the United States
Senate, he voted to receive, in the usual manner, a
Sitition asking for the abolition of Slavery in the
istnet of Columbia, and sustained ids vote by his
voice. He took the same grounds with Mr. Ad
ams as to the propriety of the abolition of slavery
:n the District, but declared he “ would give no
vote which might be construed into a denial of
the right of petition. Tiiat was a time when the
influence of slavery was in the ascendant, when it
was the fashion to toss back such petitions with
contempt in the faces of those who presented
them, and it required some conrage in the poli
tician of the democratic school to confront and de
ft- the imperious demand of the South, that all
memorials and applications of this nature should
be rigidly excluded from the notice of Congress.
The right to ask for the extinction of slavery in
the District of Columbia is not now admitted,” but
Franklin Pierce, whatsoever be his opinions re
specting the Compromise, was one of the earliest to
assert it” '
A correspondent of the same paper, a member
of the Baltimore Convention, thus comments on
the Platform:
“ The resolutions were passed under the presure of
the precious question, and were scarcely heard by the
convention. I have since had an opportunity of
examining them. They were reported with almost
entire unanimity by the committee, and are drawn
with more judgment and liberality that I anticipa
ted, after the gross outrage perpetrated upon
Bautoul.
“ lt was the desire of the South to have no refer
ence made to the Compromise in the resolutions,
but the barren declaration which was made traspure
ly a concession to the northern members, who had no
other political capital The attempt to declare the
Compromise measures a finality, or a part of the
Constitution, unchangeable and sacred, was not
countenanced by the Convention for a moment.”
Charleston, Juno 25.—Messrs. Toombs and
Stephens have telegraphed to the press of Georgia
that they are opposed to the nomination of Scott,
and in favor of the re-assembling of the Union
Convention, by whose decision tliev will abide.
Mr. Jenkins’ position is said to be the samo.
We clip the above Telegraphic despatch from
the Baltimore American fur the purpose of correct
ing the statement in reference to Mr. Jenkins. 110
occupies no snob position, and will not support
either of the nominees.
Going for Scott.— The Savannah Republican
of Wednesday, accompanies the publication of tho
despatch announcing the appearance of Gen.
Scott's letter of acceptance, and his approval
therein of the platform, with the following sig
nificant remarks :
“It will be seer by reference to the foregoing
despatches, that Gen. Scott has formally accepted
the nomination of the Whig warty, and that he lies
unequivocally placed himself upon the patriotic
platform furnished by the South and adopted by
the Convention. Wo had feared that he would not
do this—that lie would evado the great point in
the present controversy—and thus alienate the
whigs of the South.
“Should this letter be all that it is described to
be in the despatch, it will change very materially
our opinions of the position and future course of
Gen. Scott. Wc shall await tho arrival of the
letter, however, when we and our readers will be
better able to forma correct estimato of-it.”
It is very appareflt that a new light is likely to
break upon the Republican and that tho conse
quence will probably be the rearing of tho Scorr
banner at a very early day.
Ice on Lake Superior in June.— The schooner
Algonquin, Captain McKay, returned to Sanlt St.
Marie on tho 15th ult., from a cruise to the head of
Lake Superior. She was bound for Fond du Lac,
with freight and passengers for Chouteau & Co.’s
trading post on the St. Louis river. Cnpt. McKay
found the Lake so obstructed with ice, on the stli
ult., when within twenty miles of that river, that it
was impossible to proceed, and 1 he was obliged to
return, and laud his passengers and freight at La
I’ointc.
The ice extended along the western coast of tho
Lake as far as the Captain could see from the mast
head, and to appearance in one unbroken and solid
mass, and it must have been from fifteen to twenty
miles in width, and although he sailed for several
miles northward along tho ice, in hopes to find a
passage towards tho river, he saw no end. The ice
was firm and hard, and of immense thickness, so
much so that it seemed grounded, and it is proba
ble it had not been removed since first formed. To
find ice of this description, and at this season of
the year, is a voyy unusual circumstance, and one
that has not been recollected ns having occurred
within the memory of the oldest Indian.
F.lder Orson Ilyde, the Mormon prophot of those
latter days, has favored the public by a statement
of his views on “spiritual manifestations.” He
says, in a manifesto: “If all pcoplo will repent and
bo baptized in water for the remission of tlioir
sins, and ho confirmed by. tho laying on of the
hands of the Apostles of the Church of God, the
rappers will coaso their noise, and the Misses
Foxes will go home, get married, guide their do
mestic household affairs, roar up families to honor
their country and their God, neither of which or
of whom will call upon them to leave their homes
to encounter the opposition of the world, or expose
tlieir fair forms and fealti es to the vulgar gaze, or
to the rough passage of an itinerant life, and tlieir
finer feeliugs to the mortification to which their
public career must subject them, if they possess
that retiring modesty which is so ornamental to
their sex.”
Horace Mann, (it is stated) is to be President of
Antioch College, Ohio, the corner stone of which
was laiikon the 23d ult. Thiq College is the result
of the united clfortof the whole denomination of
people called New Lights of Christians, through
out the country, and is now endowed with $200,-
000 in scholarships, at SIOO each. The buildings
are being erected upon the most extensive planß,
and when*completed, will be the largest and most
imposing in the State. The main building is one
hundred and ninety feet long by one hundred and
ninety feet wide, four sf orieß with towers and min
arets. The dormitories, two in number, will be
each one hundred and sixty feet long, by forty feet
wide, and four stories high.
President Fillmore, says the Philadelphia Inqui
rer, will leave tho Executive chair on the fourth of
March next with a reputation for patriotism and
fidelity to the Constitution, that will justly rank
him among the best and purest men of his day.—
The Democrats, as well as the Whigs, have in nu
merous instances, awarded him the homage of high
esteem. He is in truth and in fact, a “model Pre
sident,” and may we ever have men, just as honest
and faithful to the Constitution as Millard Fill
moro, to fill tho highest office in our Bopublic.—
Ho will go into private life without a stain upon
his public career, and with the respect and confi
dence of an enlightened and patriotic peoplo.
Reported Military Conspiracy in France. —We
published a telegraphic dispatch to the effect that a
serious conspiracy in the French Army had been
discovered before the sailing of the Atlantic, but
kept as secret as possible. The New York Times
learns by a private letter that it was denounced by
a Sergeant in the army, who had joined the conspi
rators, but became frightened at the extent and
coldness of plans. He states that in the regiment
to which he belonged an association had been
formed, among whose members were numbered
some eigty or ninety commissined officers, who had
agreed in the evont of a popular outbreak, when or
dered to fire upon the people, to aim their ballets
at their own officers, and join the popular ranks.
The informer was unable to say whether the organ
isation of the conspirators extended beyond his own
regiment. Their movements seemed to have been
planned and prosecuted with great care and sccrcsy.
Ex-Senator Dickinson, it is said, on the 24th ult.,
made a speech in Otsego County, New York, in
which, according to the Otsego Republican, ha de
clared that “Scott was a gallant soldier and a
worthy gentlemanthat his “fame as a military
leader was world-widethat he was the “great
est Captain of the age and that if the people
were going to elect a General, he (Scott) would be
the.man.”
Spring-Space fob Compositors. —E. C. Harman,
of Troy, Miami Co., Oliio, has taken measures, as
we learn from the N. Y. Scientific American, to se
cure a patent for a spring-space, to be used by
printers when setting up type. The inventor is a
printer, and he employs the spring- space for facili
tating tho operation of forming spaces between
words and for “spacing out” and correcting proof.
This is a subject for printers.
Cholera at Pittsburg. —The Pittsburg Dispatch
notices several cases of cholera in that city and vi
cinity. Mr. John Robinson, clerk of the steamer
Huron, was seized with a relapse a few days ago,
but is now recovering. His mother fell a victim to
it, on Tuesday after a few hours’ illness. Mrs.
Hahn, of Tinkersville, was taken ill'on Tuesday
afternoon and died the same night. A gentleman
named Hartman was also taken ill on Tuesday, but
is recovering.
The Aztec Children. —Humbug Exploded. —The
romantic stories and fine spun theories with which
the public have been entertained in relation to
these children, have been most effectually scatter
ed to the four winds by rocent developments in
Philadelphia. It appears that a new claimant for
the possession of these children has appeared in
the person of one Raymondo Selva, who claims to
act for their parents. The case was brought up at
the Quarter Sessions in Philadelphia, on Saturday.
Selva alleges that the children had been placed un
der his care that they might be educated; that he
was subsequently imprisoned, and during his in
carceration some members of his family took pos-
I session of the children and sent them to thiscoun
try for exhibition.
He says that the parents of the children reside
in San Salvador, Nicaragua, and are named Inoeen
ti Burglis and Martini Neri; tliatthe children were
born in or near the village of Jocetal, in the De
partment of San Miguel, in the state above named.
The court postponed the further hearing of the
case nntil Tuesday morning next, to allow Mr.
Morris, the present custodian of the children, to
procure testimony.
An Essay ox Empirical Remedies, Read Mart
the Medical Society of the State of Georgia; By
Robert Campbell, M. D., in April, 1552.
We are indebted to the politeness of the author
for a copy of the*above Essay. It is a clear and
terse exposition of the evils of such remedies, and
the means resorted to, to impose them upon the
credulous. Tho Essay is creditable to the Doctor
and he has our thanks for a pamphfct copy of it.
Southern Medical and Surgical Journal.— The
July No. of the above work is on onr table, with
its usual variety of Medical information. The pro
sent is a very interesting number, and is well worth
the subscription price, and we therefore cordially
recommend it to the Profession. It is edited by
Prof. L. A. Dcoas, and published in this city by
Jams McCayyerty, at $* per annum, in advance
■ i ir-mr iniiijj i_ ij
Mr. Stephen’* Letter.
The following letter from tho lion. A. H. Ste
phens to tho editor of tho Chronicle & Sentinel,
will attract, us it deserves, universal attention,
because of tho general desire to know his views.
Like everything from his vigorous and active mind,
it is a plain, strait forward and manly expression
of ins sentiments and the policy by which ho will
be governed in the present canvass:
Washington, D. C., June 28th, 1852.
Dear Sib:—l am pleased to sec the stand you
have taken upon the nomination of General Scott.
Ilis letter of acceptance is out in the papers of this
morning, and comes far short of satisfying tho
just expectations of the South. He seems studi
ously to have avoided giving tho Whig Platform,
(which embraces the Compromise measures) his
endorsement. He accepts the nomination “with
the resolutions annexed,” hut does not express his
concurrence in them. He takes the nomination
with theecntwtbrance —this is the plain English of
his letter. And for his “adhercnco to the princi
ples set forth in the resolutions,” ho offers “no
other pledge or guarantee than tho known inci
dents of a long life now undergoing the soverest
examination.” Amongst theso “known incidents”
there is not one in favor of the Compromise ; but,
on the contrary, some of the most noted of those
“ incidents ” within the last eighteen months, to go
no farther back, are facts of most significant im
port in their bearing, upon a proper construction
of tills declaration. He has not only refused over
since the passage of the acts known as the Com
promise, to give them his public approval, but has
suffered Ins name to be hold up as a candidate for
tho Presidency in Pennsylvania and Ohio by their
open and avowed enemies. And in the Conven
tion that conferred this nomination on him ho
permitted himself to be used by the Preesoilers, in
that body, to defeat Mr. Fillmore and Mr. Web
ster, under whose auspices they were passed, and
who were renounced by the North because of
their adherence to the policy by which they havo
beon sustained, if he be iii good faith in favor
of these measures, as some pretend to believe, why
did he suffer their enemies to use him to defeat
their tried friends t This question may be evaded,
but it cannot bo satisfactorily answered. Ho is
the favorite candidate of the Fretsoil wing of tho
Whig party; and as such, in my judgment, he is
not entitled to the support of any Southern man
who looks to tho protection of tho rights of the
South and the Union of the States. 1 said on a
late occasion in tho House, that I did not think
that tho people of Georgia “ ought tarots for any
'man for President who was not known to the country
to be openly and unequivocally in favor of the Com
promise measures, with the faithful execution of the
• Fugitive Slave Law included.” And I need hardly
add I suppose, that I am of tho same opinion still.
; It is not enough that the Resolutions of the Con
vention arc good and sound, tho men who aro to
; be brought into power and who ore to execute
them, - should bo equally sound and explicit,
“Principles not men” may boa very appropriate
i “motto” for a partisan politician who never “bolts”
■ a nomination, but I prefer anothor which is just
about as long, though considerably more compre
hensive, it is “Principles and men.” J want cor
rect principles and also reliable men to carry them
i out. The principles of the Convention that
nominated General Scott as set forth in their reso
’ 'utions, aro good—l upprove thorn fully and cor
dially—but they havo been oemmitted to tho hands
of a candidate who gives no certain or unequivo
cal guarantee, if elected, for tlieir Biipport and
■ maintenance. What; then is to be done! perhaps
1 you may be ready to ask. In reply to such a
1 question at this time, I have only to say that my
k present object is not so much to give an opinion
touching what should be done, as it is to point out
1 what should not be done. Our Convention is soon
' to assemble, the whole subject will he before them.
’ And I can but believe that their wisdom and pa
-1 triotism will dictato such course as will bo consis
tent witli the rights, interests, honor and dignity
1 of the State. Georgia by her firmnoss and in
" tegrity of purpose has already gained a distinction
never before attained by any State of the Union.
She lias compelled both the two “great parties”
as they are called, to incorporate in their creeds the
1 principles upon which she planted herself in the
! memorable contest of 1850. Whether this has
’ beon done from policy or frqui choice, it is imma
terial now to enquire. But the duty which that
’ State owes to herself and to the country, in my
judgment does not end hero. It is important that
! what has been acknowledged in theory , (whethor
from polioy or choice,) shall bo performed in prac
tice. Our mission will be but half fulfilled until
, that is done. This is the great end and object to
, which the Convention should look. And its ac
, tion should be governed by no motive buta desire
I to pursue the surest way and to adopt tho host
. means of accomplishing that purpose. How can
, the successful maintenance of our principles he
, beat secured ! Ought we with this object in view
t to support either of the present nominees or should
wo run an independent ticket ? These are tho
. practical questions.
Besides what I have said already, there aro other
. considerations which present themselves, before
deciding the first of these questions. Both the par
ties at Baltimore, it is coueodcd, have, by majorities
in each, endorsed our principles; but both of them
permitted the association, affiliation and fellowship
of Freesoilcrs in their councils—the Frcesoilevs, it
is true, were in a minority in both, but they were
a minority of considerable strength ; and whether
either of these parties, so organized and so consti
tuted, can efficiently maintain-and carry out in Con
gress the principles set forth in their respective
platforms, if brought into power with tlieir pres
ent discordant materials, is a question yet to be
solved, and one which we phonld gravely consider
before we think of committing our destiny to the
guardianship aud protectio f either of them. —
Notwithstanding the endorsement by the Demo
cratic party of the Compromise, yet Preston King,
Mr. Van Burcn, and others of like principles, are
recognised in the party as good Democrats, though
they have changed none of tlieir opinions upon
that subject. Tho same is true of Seward and his
allies, in relorence to the Whig party. Why then
should we bo hasty to fall into the ranks of cither
of these parties ? For myself, I assure you I have
no suclynclination. Wlmt can any man hope from
any such alliance? Would it not bo bettor and
safer to maintain our ground and to stand aloof
from both, at lenst uutil wc have some practical ev
idence that somo good object is to be gained by our
co-operation with one or the other ? Some, per
haps, may say, that if Georgiashould stand out and
cast her vote for some other man, then the election
may be thrown into the House! Suppose it should
bo? There is just where the constitution has pro
vided that it shall be determined, in case the elec
toral college shull fail to make a choice. And
would it not bo one of the best things for the
country at this time, if tho election could be brought
into tho House ? It would be a decisivo step to
wards putting an end to theso party conventions
and it responsible bodies of men, who now virtual
ly make choice ot our Chief Magistrates, to the
entire subversion of \lie theory of tho constitution.
And it woild greatly aid in the formation of par
tiesin the Government upon legitimate andeorreet
principles, by bringing those to aot together in the
administration, who agree upon the leading ques
tions of the day, irrespective of tlioao outside or
ganizations which now so much obstruct such co
operation.
But 1 liavo said more on this point than 1 intend
ed. From these views, though general, you will
perceive that I am opposed to our taking up either
of tho present nominees, but in favor of putting
up and running an independent ticket. By pur
suing this cojirsc, we *liall maintain our integrity,
stand by onr principles, and sustain no possible
loss, so far it respects eitherour rignts, interests or
honor. If any body can say as much of cither of
the other alternatives, I am quite at a loss to eotyee
tur the grounds upon which he rests liis assump
tions.
Yours, respectfully,
ALEXANDER* H. STEPHENS.
To Jas. W. Jones, Augusta, Ga.
for the Chronicle <(• Sentinel.
Can the Constitutional Union Whigs of Georgia
Support Gen. Scott 1
The above question lias been placed at the head
of this article, not-so much for the purpose of an
swering it definitely, as to afford us a starting
point for tho “expression of an opinion.” Not
that the question, by any moans, presents any dif
ficulties, for while politicians may be in consider
able doubt as to the proper course to pursue, the
people, the hone and sinew—the farmers, are decided ;
but simply because other matters connected with
this vital question, (the Presidency) arc now
occupying the thoughts of the Southern people.
Lest, however, we may be misunderstood, we will
now undertake to say, once for all, the honest
farmers, the conservative men of our country,
will not support Gen. Scott. Understand me, now,
Mr. Editor, I say the farmers—that class c S our
population (the most numerous, by far,) who never
make polities a study—who when the Union was
in danger, gave llowell Cobb a majority of nearly
twenty thousand. These are the men whose
votes arc always directed by patriotism and princi
ple ; men who will not Buffer party ties to prevent
them frdfet discharging their duty to their country
and its republican principles. The influences
which have brought the name of Gen. Scott, be
fore the people of the Union for the highest gift in
their possession, are such as are destructive of the
peace and quiet of the country, not to say sub
versive of the guaranties of the Constitution
.itself. But, sir, the question may be asked here,
will they support Pierce? We propose {Yankee
fashion) to answer this by asking another. What
delegate to Baltimore from the South will dare to
say he considered himself instructed either direct
ly or indirectly to vote for Gen. Pierce, as the nom
inee for the Presidency ? He was scarcely thought
of here for that high office. And the idea was so
tar distant from his own mind, that of all the
candidates addressed, he alone (if 1 mistake not)
failed to answer by letter. He deemed the labor
of a letter, in reply, superfluous, except through
courtesy. The policy of beheading eminent, long
tried and faithful public servants, in the manner
practiced by the Democratic National Convention,
savours too much of the envious spirit of ancient
Greece and Rome. Whom then, say you, will they
support | Quite a pertinent inquiry.
Millard Fillmore is the People’s Chore.
Cannot satisfactory reasons be given for this
preference? We think the Compromise and its
“finality,” aa a slaveiy adjustment, wa3 declared
to be indispensable to the formation of parties.
It was to be the controlling clement in the future
policy of the country on the subject of slavery.
Who is more thoroughly identified with it than
Millard Fillmore? Who ataked hia administra
tion upon its principles ? Millard Fillmore. Who
has suffered more in hia own section for this very
stand than Millard fillmorq? To dtstroy w!k>m
administration was Gon. Poott broaght out and so
strongly supported iu the Whig National Conven
tion ! Millard Fillmore’s. To whom alone can
the people of this country look for poaee and quiet
In the administration of public affairs! Millard
Fillmore. Who alone can unite the South upon
this very question of slavery! Should the Con
stitutional Union party decide to run a third can
didate, whose name should they hoist! Millard
Fillmore’s. At all neats, we, farmers, are for Mil
lard Fillmore. Alexander.
Correspondence of tht Chronicle <fi Sentinel.
Georgia Female College Commencement.
Madison, July Ist, 1852.
Mr. Kditob Having had the pleasure to wit
ness most of the examinations and exhibitions
connected with the Commencement of “Georgia
Femalo College,’’ I have oonoluded to give you a
hasty sketch for your journal.
This College is under the patronage of the
Baptist denomination. It waa founded in 1850,
and has a considerable endowment. The College
building is of brick, is a decidedly beautiful
structure and most admirably adapted to the pur
poses for which it wsa erected. It has thirteen
recitation and music rooms of good dimensions,
beside the Chsppel or Assembly room, which is
eighty-six by fifty feet, with a pitch of twenty fleet,
unobstructed by post or pillar, and finished in
excellent style.
The examination was commenced on Mon
day morning, and continued throughout threo
days. It is not necessary that I should speak
in detail of tho examination, as a moat competent
board of exominors wore in attendance, who will
report fully upon that subject. Wo were struok
with the fairness and impartiality with which tho
examinations were conduotcd. When tho clsss
appeared upon tho rostrum, the profeasor did not
proceed at his own option, hut submitted the text
book to the examining committed, who either con
ducted the examination themsclvoa, or designated
what portion should be assigned to each young
lady. And justice to both instructors and pupils
demands from me the acknowledgement, that I
never witneesod an examination in School or
College, male or female, where there were aa few
failures, and whore all soetned so thoroughly pre
pared. Do uot understand either, when I say this,
that the examination only embraced the lighter
studios, depending mainly upon the memory. It
embraced all whioh are taught in eur best male
Colioges, not omiting tho most abßtruse and diffi
cult portions of Mathematics; and we venture tho
assertion, that there is not a graduating class in
either of tho four male Colleges in Georgia, that
can stand the test of an examination in Mathe
matics, with aa uniform success as did the twelve
young ladies upon whom the degree waa conferred
at this commencement. Tho examination was en
livened and relieved from the tedium usually felt
upon such occasions, by being intcreporeed with
rich treats of music from seven elegant Pianos,
which wore arrangod upon the rostrum, accom
panied by tho Flute or Violin, both of which in
struments are handled by I'rotoasor Branham with
a skill of execution most ravishing to tho soul.
On Wednesday afternoon, came off tho exhibi
tion of the Junior Class. The compositions of the
yottug ladies of this class wore oil that eould have
boon expected or hoped for by tlioir fondest friends.
They wore in good taste, and read, aa a gtnera*
thing, in the best style. We regret that some two
or three of the young ladies did not olovate their
voices so sb to be heard throughout the spacious
Clmppcl. Wo Hay we regret this, not that we were
disappointed at it. The astonishment to us was,
that as a claBS they read so woll. Os course many
of these productions were in part, or in whole,
the handiwork of older beads. Wesay of course.
no 1 , that we have any knowledge on the subject}
but are satisfied that no class of girls of their agos,
could, as a whole, write such compositions. And
yet wo were assured by those who did know, that
some of the very best compositions of the lot
were tho sole inventions of their fair readers.
On 1 Wednesday evening was the Conoert of
Music. And a moro charming repast and elegant,
has not been served np to a briliant and delighted
auditory. We are no connoisseur at music, but we
can judge that as we do a speech, by the effect
produced upon the hearers. If any were not put
into raptures on this occasion, it was because they
had no music in their souls. We wore especially
surprised at the perfect time. We suppose thst
during the ovoning almost every young lady in
school hud a hand at the music ; and, whether it
were one at a time, or twenty-ons at a time, it was
the same thing; the time was perfect.
To-day was the commencement. The exercises
commenced at ten o’clock. The auditory would
havo done credit to any community. A great
number of strangers were in attendance. The
Chappcl was filled almost to its utmost capacity
with the hotter half of creation, and a healthier,
prettier and happier looking throng my eye never
rested upon. We poor men were circumscribed
to a small urea of seats, and perfnitted to bang along
the isles and hitch on to the nooks and corners, or
last, not least, fill up the stairways and portico.
The twelve young ladies of the graduating class
acquitted thomsolves nobly. Their compositions
were first rate, and with one or two exceptions,
were read in the finest style. Upon oonfering the
degrees, President Brown addressed the class for
about twenty minutes. Ilia manner was calm,
dignified and sols-possessed. Ilia address was
well conceived and most admirably expressed. It
was also appropriate and just what such an address
should be. It mado the impression upon us as it
did upon others, that President Brown is no ordi
nary man.
Wo must not omit in our sketch to notice our
visitto the room in the College building containing
specimens of the Ornamental department. In a
glass caso, well arranged for tho purpoeo, were
tastefully displayed, varieties of all the more de
licious fruits of our climate, made of wax, so
temptingly juicy to the eye that one’s mouth
watered at tho sight. Suspended around tho walls
of this room, were specimens of drawing and
painting executed by the young ladies of the Col
lege. Wo confess we ore no painter, but how the
girls could have done any hotter we were unable to
perceive. While sauntoring round this room, a
friend called our attention to what had struck us
at a little distance, as engravings of diagrams
framed and hung up, but upon a closer inspection
wo found them to bo diagrams of eolipsea of the
Sun and Moon, calculated for different periods and
latitudes, by the graduating class, and the dia
grams executed with the pen and penoil.
We have not time to go farther into detail.
Upon a full investigation of all wo saw and heard,
we came to the conclusion that “Georgia Female
College” stands unrivalod in our country as an
institution for young ladies. There is now no
cxcubo for sending our daughters to the North to
be smattered with a little learning, ruined in con
stitution and not uufrequcntly in manners. Wo
have better schools than they of the North can in
vite ns to.
If wo can make it convenient to do so,
we shall be happy to witness the Commencement
exorcises at the “Madison Female College”, three
weeks from this time. This is under the patron
age of our Methodist friends, and is no doubt a
fair rival of tho “Goorgia.” But when we see and*
hear, we can better determine,{and you shall hear
from us again. Yours, G,
The following Programme will furnish the de
tails of the Commencement exercises;
Junior Kihibltlon.
11 But Oh! it is more loething still,
To feel a foml hop* when we sever,
Absence cannot affection chill
And we may meet more dear than ever.”
Lift up your stately heads, ye doors— Psalm.
Music— Montezuma Grand March —Duett, 3 Pianos-
Elizabeth S. Callaway, Fayette County—Geor
gia.
Serena A. Bledsoe, Social Circle —Female if*-
roism.
Mraic— Lea Mug— Variations, 3 Piano*.
Mahtiia J. paver, Wilkes County— The School
Girl.
MjssoiiiiiA A. Steelman, Aiken, S. C.— South
Carolina.
Music— Come to the Forest —Song, Duett.
M. Louisa Butler, Lexington —‘Sweet art the
nice of Adversity.'
Ophelia E. Is'isbet, Macon—* lb teem and to Be.'
Music— Signal March, 3 Pianos.
E. Mkdora Peepers, Madison— Nature.
Josephine E. Harris, Maoon— Opinion*.
Music — Leaf and Fountain —Song, Duett.
Irene W.N islet, Macon— Fixed Aim*and Fitted
Principlet.
Jennette 11. Jordan, Monticello—“ Coming
Kcente cast their Shadows Before."
Music —Air de Chaste —Trio, 8 Pianos.
Eliza E. Woods, Madison—“ Fxperience is the
School where man learns Wisdom."
Anna C. LkConte, Maoon — Sentiment.
yimtc—AWe H 'ell —Song, Duett.
Benediction.
Commencement.
“ Hand clasped within hand, why linger they wt* t
Unclouded by care is each fair young bran;
Eyes meet loving eyes; can such e'er he changed ?
Heart answers to heart: but shall these be estranged f
ORDER OB SXEBCISBB.
The Barth is the LonPs and the fuUness thereof—
Antheift.
PRATER.
Music— Florida Grand March —Duett, 7 Pianos.
Mart Jane Jackson, Greensboro’— Have you
nothing to dot
Martha D. Keid, Taliaferro County —Contentment
anti the Nineteenth Cenluru,
Music— O man cher Augustin —Variations, 7 Pianos.
Anna E. Maoon, Pcnfleld— Action.
Fannie E. Roberts, Warrenton— How can tee
Become Interesting t
Music— Hyacinth GdUop, 5 Pianos.
Flower Queen —Song, Duett.
Sarah E. Porter, Pcnficld— Ambition.
Fannie B. Tuoole, Greene County—Aarons* of
Nature.
Music— Air Suisse —Trio, 7 Pianos.
By the Members of the Sophomore Claes.
S. Volumnia Varnrb, Oglethorpe County—Mys
tery.
S. Amelia Jones, Aiken, S. C.— Man—his Orbit,
Axis and Centre <f Motion.
Music —Salut o’ Prague— Duett, 7 Pianos.
Mart E. Lawson, Hawkinaville— Female Kduta
tion.
Sarah E. Cousins, Morgan County— Thought.
Mumo— Columhue Guards Quick Step —B Pianos.
Julia A. Davis, Greensboro’— The Young Lady's
Litre into Society.
Riioda E. Waller, Abbeville Dist., S. C.—Ge
nius and its Rewards.
Musi o—Tyrolese Peasant's Song—Vat's, 7 Pianos.
IHpkmas Conferred.
Music— Home Sweet Home —Var’s, Flute and Piano. I
BentdvHon.
In the Georgia Female College therei* n °
tribution of honors amongst the memo?™
Senior Class. The order fn which the Graduates
read is determined by lot, under the R
the Board of Trustees, anti is, therefore, nouta.
cation of rank in scholarship.
s^ n Co VS' B JuT» r to following
The Macon (Geo.) CUu** .
call for a m
“The citizens of SoOTT to theFresi
thc election of Gen- A to the Vice
dency, and Hon. , .^ d states, are respectfully
Presidency of the tJjn* # , eot dole?4 t«s In their
and urgently m*7 state be
of Macon, on Wednesday, the i
held m the c 2^, t next,— then and there to ratify
tl h maiioo of the National Whig Convention
and m appoint an Electoral Ticket, pledged to Tot*
Ghana*.’ 1
Letters from Mr. Fillmore. IBM
Tm subjoined letters from Mr. Fitufonn u, mo
Hon Geo. R. Babcock, a delegate to tho National
Whig Convention from tho State of Now York,
will bo read with profound interest to all classes,
and especial gratification by his friends, because
they cannot fail to elevate him in the estimation of
every Intelligent and right thinking man. Mr.
Babcock aooompanios tho publication with tiio
following explanation of his course in withholding
the letter addressed to tho President of the Con
vention :
With a desire to correct some misrepresentation
that have been made of tho position of tho Presi
dent before the National Whig Convention, re
cently convened at Baltimore, I desire you to pub
lish tho two lettors enclosed. They were plucod in
my hands on the 14th instant, and have remained
in my possession, without being soen by any poi -
son, until this time. Previous to the sitting of
tho Convention, tho President frequently and in
an earnest manner expressed to mo a desire thut
his namo might be withdrawn irom the position in
whioh it had been placed by his numerous and
ardent friends.
Upon the adoption of tho platform of Whig
principles, and particularly after tho first ballot, 1
felt my position in tho Convention, as the deposi
tory of a discretionary power so important, to bo
'delicate and perplexing in tho highest degree. In
obedience to the President’s wishes, 1 desired to
withdraw him from the honorablo contest, while,
on the othor hand, from tile first to tho final ballot,
no considerable portion of liis frionds among the
delegates eould be found to consent to tho uncon
ditional abandonment of their first choice. As I
was unable to see that tho interests of the equntry
or of the Whig party were in dangor of being com
promised by my decision, 1 allowed Mr. Fillmore’s
name to remain in the hands of his friends to tho
end, in the belief that such devotion as was mani
fested by them, called for the sacrifice on liis part
of all considerations merely personal.
■ Georok K. Raboock.
Irving House, June 28, 1852.
To the Edilore of the Jfi. T- Expreee :
With a desire to correct some misrepresentations
that have been made of the position of tho Presi
dent bofore tho National Whig Convention, recent
ly convonod at Baltimore, 1 desire you to publish,
tho two lotters enclosed. They wevo placed in my
hands on the 4th lust., and have remained in my
possession, without being scon by any persoußm
til tide time. Previous to the sitting of tlio Con
vention, tho President frequently and in an .earli
est manner expressed to mo a dcsiro that his namo
might be withdrawn from tho position in which it
baa bcon phiood by his uumerousiuidardontfrionds.
Upon the adoption iff the platform of Whig princi
ples, and particularly after tho first ballot, 1 felt my
position In the Convention, ns tiio depository of a
discretionary power so important, to be delicate
and perplexing in the highest dogreo. In obedi
ence to tho President’s wishes, 1 desired to with
draw him from tho honorable contost, while, on
the othev hand, from tho first to tiio final ballot,
no considerable portion of his friends among the
Delegates could bo found to consent to tho uncon
ditional übandonmont of tlioir first choieo. As I
was unable to see that tiio interests of tho country
or of tho Whig Party were in danger of being com
promised by any decision, I allowed Mr. Fillmore’s
name to remain in tlie hands of his friends to tho
end, in tho boliof tlint suoh devotion ns was mani
fested by them called for tiio sacrifice on liis part of
all considerations merely personal.
Georoe U. Babcock.
Irving House, Juno 28,1802.
Washington Crrv, June 12th, 1852.
Uon. George It. Babcock, Delegate to the National
H'Aio Convention from the Buffalo District, N. Y.
Mr Dear Sir:—To you as a personal and politi
cal friond, representing my old Congressional Dis
trict, whioh libb never deserted or betrayed me, 1
desire now to make a last request, and that is, tnflt
yon presont to the preaiding officer ot’the Conven
tion for nominating candidates for President and
Vice President, whenever you may doom it proper,
tho enolosed letter, withdrawing my nninejrom
tho consideration of that Convention.
In determining what is a proper time to comply
with this request, yon will consider only tho oanso
in whioh wo itre ongiflrod, and tho reasonable claim
which my friends may havo to the übo of my name
for its advanoomont. While I am willing to sub
mit to any saorifieo for thorn, or for tho cause, I
wish it distinctly understood that 1 ask nothing for
myself, and you will therefore dcoido this question
wholly regardloss of any real or supposed wish of
mine,
That my friends, to whoso solicitations I hay 0
yioldod in this matter, may not; bo prejudiced by
my withdrawal,! have not thought it proper to dis
close this intouded act to any person but yourself,
lest it might be said that in so doing I had not act
ed in good fhith to those wiio havo thought my
, name essential to tho suecoss of tho Whig cause.
You will therefore poreeivo thutthe responsibility
is with you, and with you alone, to keep tho whole
a profound secret until the proper time shall arrive
to prosont my letter to tho Convention; and of this,
witli frill confidence in your prudcnco and wisdom,
I constitute you tho solo judge. ,
On the one hand, you will bo careful to guard
against any premature act or disclosure, which
might cinbarass my lrionds and give thorn just
cause of complaint, while on the other you will
not suffer my name to be dragged into a contest
for a nomination which I have never sought, do
not seek now, and would not take, if tonderod,
but in discharge of an implied obligation, which
every man assumes upon uniting with a political
party, which is, to yield to tho will of a majority of
those with whom he aots.
I havo tho honor to bo,
Your friend and ob’t servant,
Millahd Fhxmore.
Washington, Juno 10,1802.
To the President of the National Whig Convent's, n:
Sir This communication will be prose .ited to
you, and through you to tho delegated wiridom of
tho Whig party ovor which you preside, by tho
lion. George Kwßabcock, who represents, in your
body the Congressional district in which 1 reside.
1 trust that 1 shalUbo pardoned by t’na Conven
tion for adverting Briefly to tho coiirso whioh I
have pursued and tho causes which hnvo induced
it, as a moans of explaining why T have selected
this time and mode of making this communication.
All must rocolleot that when I wus so suddenly
and unexpectedly called to tho exalted station
which 1 now occupy, by tho death of my lamented
and illustrious predecessor, there was a crisis lit
our publio affairs full of difficulty and danger. The
country wus agitated by political and soetional
passions und dissensions, growing out of the slave
ry and territorial questions then pending, and fbr
which Congress had us yot been ablo to agree
upon no measure of compromise und adjustment.
Tho Union itsolf was threatened with dissolution,
and patriots and statesmen looked with apprehoiv
siou to the future. In that feeling I partieipnti
most profbundiy. The difficulties and dnp ova
whioh surrounded ub wore calmly but anxio nslv
surveyed. I was oppressed by a pensa of the great
responsibilities that rested upon me, und aim jerel v
distrusted my ability to sustain them in a n minor
satisfactory and useful to tho country. Bu'c 1 was
bound to make the attempt, and to do it w/itli any
hope ofsuocesss, I folt it necessary to discard every
personal consideration, and devote myself to the
difficult task before me with entire singleness of
heart.
To prepare and strengthen myself for this task I
endeavored to lay aside, ns fur as practicable, every- *
moroly selfish consideration—to banish) from uiy
mind every local or sectional prejudice,—and l»
retnemberonly that 1 wasun American citizen, and
the magistrate of the American Republic, bound
to regard every portion and section of it with equal
justieo and impartiality. That I might do this thv
moro effectually, I resolved within myseif not * to
seek a re-election.
. Thus prepared, I entered upon tho discharge of
my official duties, with a determination to j 0 evoi-y
thing in my power to aid in tho settleme nt of tho so
dangerous controversies. Fortunately for our fuv or
ed country, a majority in both Housps 0 f Congi-ess
rising above mere party and personal consiiieru
tions, nobly and patriotically de voted themselves
to the great work of paeifier.'jon. The constitu
tional advisers whom 1 had called to mv aid, and
to whoso fidelity, talents and patriotism' tho coun
try is chiefly indebted for any benefit it may havo
received from my administration, with a unanimity
and zeal worthy of every oommeudatiou, cordially
gavo their countenance and influence to tho logis
tive department in perfecting and adopting those
Beulingmewures of Compromise, to which upon their
passage I felt bound, by every consideration of pub -
lie duty, to give my official ajiproval. These laws
bemg enacted, my constitutional duty was equalK
P™ i “to take care that they were faithfully kceoii
ted. But this I found the most painful of nil my
official duties. Nevertheless, 1 resolved to per
rotjll It, regardless of all consequent*® to myself;
fid in doing so, I determined to know no North
and no South—and no frionds but those who sus
tained the constitution and laws,—and no encmior
bnt those who opposed them.
The gratifying result of this policy is before you
and the oountry. The angry strife which for a
tome threatened to array State against State, ami
brother against brother, and deluge our happy land
with fraternal, blood and desolate it wit a fire and
•wprdi hw fortunately passed away. The surging
bfllows of soetional agitation arc calmed, and tho
public mind is feat settling down into its accustom
ed channels, and will soon renew its wonted devo
tiou to the Constitution and the Union.
Availing utyßolf of this happy chango, I hud de
termined when the presont Congress met, to an
nounce to tho public, in my annual message, my
previous resolution not to suffer my name to como
before tho National Convention for a nomination.
I accordingly prepared a paragraph to that effect,
but was finally persuaded to strike it out, lost it
might havo an unfavorable influence upon the
then pending election in Virginia. After that Uad :
paused, I concluded to withdrew my namo by tv
published address to tho pcopie, and prepared ono
accordingly ; but this coming to the knowledge of
some of my friends, they represented to me that
my withdrawal, at that time, would not only en
danger the perpetuity of thoso measures which f
deemed so essential to tho peace and welfare ofthj
country, but would sacrafice many friends who hr .d
stgod by ray administration m the dark and peri
lous crisis through which it had so recently pas .red
The first was an appeal to my patriotism, and the
second to my gratitude. 1 could resist neither,
and therefore yielded to their request, and consent -
ed that mv name should remain v.-hero it was, until
time should show, as I presumed it would; that its
further use could neither benefit them r.or the causo
which wc all had so much at heart. It was, how
ever, distinctly understood that I could not consent
to use any efforts to procure a nomination, but if
one were freely and voluntarily tendered, 1 should
not be at liberty to decline it.
The embarrassing question now presents itself,
who it to determine when the use of my name can
no longer benefit my friends or our common cause*
To assume to decide this myself, in advance of the
Convention, without consultation witli those %lio
have so generously sustained me, might he deem
ed by them unjust. To consult them is utterly
impracticable, and to suffer my namo to go into a
contest for the nomination is contrary to my origi
nal intention, and utterly repugnant to my feel
ings. I have, therefore, without consultation witli
any one, felt justified in assuming the responsibili
ty of authorizing and requesting Mr. Babock, either
before or after any vote rnay bo taken in the Con
vention, and whenever ho shall be satisfied that I
have discharged my duty to my friends and tin j
country, to present this fetter, and withdraw ir ,y
name from the consideration of the Convention.
I trust that my friends will appreciate tho neces
sity which compels me to act without consulting
them. I would cheerfully make any personal sac
rifice for their sakes or for the good of my Country,
but I have nothing to ssk for myself. I yielded
with sincere reluctance to their cntrer.ties to suffer
my name to remain before the public as a possible
candidate. I knew that it placed rue in a false po
sition. I foresaw that it would subject me to the
base imputation of seeking a nomination, and of
using the patronage of the go vernment to obtain it,
and then to the mortifying taunts from the same
malignant source of having been defeated. But,
conscious of my own integrity, I cheerfully con
sented to encounter all this, rather than that my
friends should feel that I was indifferent, eithor to#
them or the cause, and I am most happy to avail
myself of this occasion to return my sincere thanks
and to express the grateful emotions of my heart,
to those friends of the country who have so goner
ously and so nobly stood by the Constitution and
tho Union, during tho perilous scenes through
which we have just passed. My sincere prayer is,
that their country may cherish and reward them
according to their merits.
I hope and trust that my withdrawal may enable
the Convention to unite harmoniously upon somo
more deserving candidate; one who, if elected,
may be more successful in winning and retaining
the confidence of thepnrtv to which lie is attuchcd,
than I havo been. Divided as we were, upon my
acoeuion to the I residency, on questions of vital
importance, it was impossible for me to pursue a *
oonrse which would satisfy all. I havo not attempt-
I have sought more anxiously to do what
was right than what would please; and I shall feel
no disappointment at finding that my conduct has,
in the estimation of a minority ot tha Conven
tion, rendered me an unavailable candidate. But
it should at all times be a subject of felicitation to
any man that he has been enabled to serve hia coun
•>7 by sacrificing himself. This is u consequence ‘
which neither he nor Bis friends have any cause to
regret; and I hope mine will view it in that light.
*V wynll p«mK ** w «dd, I have as farther