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From tk* Baltimore bun. it
THE UNITED STATES AND CUBA.
Important Document* Respecting th* Cession or
Ihe l»lan* to the United Mate*.
On the #th of February laat a resolution of the
House of Representatives called for each instruc
tions from the Department of State to the diploma
tic agents of the United State* abroad, declaratory
of, or relating to, the policy of the Government of
the United States in relation to the island of Cabs,
not incompatible with the public interests. On
the fourieentn of July the documents were fur
nished, and the House seems to have known
nothing about it, for they have only just appeared
in print, having been ordered to be printed under i
the usual formal action in such matters. A por
tion of the correspondence, that which took place
under Ur. Polk's administration, appeared in the
National Intelligencer of yeaterday morning. The
iierusai of it impressed ua at once with the great
impropriety of giving publicity to such proceed
ings wi'hout an absolute necessity for doing so.—
Our diplomacy ahould always be as direct as
jawaible, and exemplary in this particular. But
the private movementa and individual sentiments
and opinion* of our diplomatic agent* should not
be paraded before the whole worid, without good
ana sufficient cause, and for the promotion of the
public welfare. The publication is made, however,
and the readers of the Sun arc entitled to such in
formation as may be thus made public. The pa
pers iD question consist, first of s letter from Mr.
Buchanan, Secretary or State, dated Washington,
June 17,1 Mb, and addressed to Mr. K. M. Saun
ders, at that time of the Legation of the United
States at Madrid.
Thi# letter opens with some remarks upon the
existing state or Cuba and the interest of the Uni
ted States in the fate of the island. Expresses a
willingness that it shall continue to be a colony of
Spain, but declares that the United States will
never consent that it shall become a dependency
of any other power. Mr. Buchanan says, “in
the possession of Great Britain, or any strong
naval power, it might prove ruinous both to our
domestic and foreign commerce, and even endan
ger the union ot the States. The highest and first
doty of every independent nation is to provide for
its own safety; and, acting upon this principle,
we thonld be compelled to resist the acquisition of
Cuba by any powerful maritime State with all the
means which Providence has placed at our com
mand.
“ Cub* is almost within sight of the coast of
Florida, situated botweon that State and the pe
ninsula of Y ueaten, and possessing the deep, capa
cious and impregnably fortified harbor of the Ha
vana. If this island were under the dominion of
Great Britain, she could command both the inlets to
the Gulf of Mexico. She would thus be enabled
in time of war, effectively to blockade the mouth
of the Mississippi, and to deprive all the Western
States of thia Union, aa well at those within the
gulf, teeming aa they are with un industrious and
enterprising population, of a foreign market for
their immense productions. But this is not the
worst: she could also destroy the commerce by sea
between our port* on the gulf and our Atlantic
ports—* commerce of nearly as great a value as
the whole of our foreigh trade. Is there any rea
son to belive that Gteat Britain desires to ucquire
the Island of Cube? We know that it lias been
her uniform policy throughout her past history, to
seize upon every valuable commercial point
throughout the world, whenever circumstances
have placed thia in her power. And what point
ao valuable as the island of Cuba?
“ The United Mtatesare the chief commercial ri
val of Great Britain; our tonnage, at the present
moment, is nearly equal to hers, and it will be
greater, within' a brief period, if nothing should
occur to arrest our progress. Os what vast im
portance would it then be to her to obtain the pos
session of an island from which she could at uny
*imo destroy a very largo portion both of our for
eign and coasting trade 1 Besides, she well
knows, that if Cuba wfto in our possession, her
West India Islands would be rendered compara
tively valueless. From the extent and fertility of
this island, and from the energy and industry of
our people, we should soon be able to supply :he
markets of the world with tropical productions
at a cheaper rate than these could be raised in any
of her possessions. *****
“ But let me present another view of the subject.
If Cuba were annexed to the United States, wo
should not only be relieved from tho apprehen
sions which we cin never eeuse to tccl for our
own safety and the security of our commerce,
whilst it snail remain in its present condition, but
human foresight cannot anticipate the beneficial
consequences which would result to every portion
of our Union.
“ This oan never become a local question. With
suitable fortification ot the Tortugas, and in pos
session of the strongly fortified harbor of Havana
as a naval station on the opposite coast of Cuba,
wc could command the outlet of tho Gulf of
Mexico, between the peninsula of Florida and
that island. This would uttbrd ample security
both to the foreign and ooasting trade of the Wes
tern and Southern States, which seek a market
for their surplus productions through tho pprts on
t **“ finder the Government of the United States,
Cuba would become the richest and most fertile
Salami, of the saute extent, throughout tho world.”
Mr. Buchanan then proceeds to somo commer
cial statistics us to the capacity of the island, its
produce, and tho advantages to bo derived from
the possession of it. Desirable as its possession
would be, however, he says, “We would uot ac
quits it exoept by the true will of Spain. Any
acquisition not sanctioned .by justice and honor
would be too dearly purohasod. While such is
the determination of the President, it is supposed
tliat tho present relations between Cuba and Spain
might incline the .Spanish government to code the
island to the United States, upon tho payment of
u fair and full consideration."
The letter then edvorta to tho onndttion of tho
island, tho disatt'ootion among tho Cubans, and tho
possibility of a successful revolution, by which it
would pass irrevocably from tho hands of Spain.
Mr. B. further speaks of the friendly relations be
tween tho two governments of the United States
and Spain, and states that the former will use all pro
per measures to conteraot any purpose that tnuy
be' entertained by the troops returning from Mexi
oo to embark for Cuba to aid tho insurrectionary
move incuts there. The scrupulous fidelity of tho
United States, in everything referring to the inter
ests of Spain in the island of Cuba, is thus pre
sented in a forcible point ot viow, us proper to bo
considered by Spain in connection with tho pro
position which it waa designed to precodo.
This is'followed by some businoss-liko consider
ations touching the value ol the Island; what net
revenue it yiolds to Spain, and what it would yield
to tho United Btates.in it* present condition. In
formation is stated, partly from recent estimates
and partly from Mr. Calderon, that while the rove
nil® amounts to botwocn ten and eleven milhonw
of dollars, tho treasury at Madrid have never re
celved from Cuba in any one year a sum exceed
ing $2,000,000. The remainder is appropriated to
defray tho ©xponses ot its colonial government,
and to pay and support the troops and maintain
vessels of war necessary for its dofenoo and so
°UTh*n follows the proposition as expressed in tho
subjoined paragraph:
“It will occur to you that if Spain Bhould oodo
Cuba to the United States, she would at onoo re
lieve herself from a great part, if not the whole, of
this civil, military, and naval expenditure. In this
viow of the subjoct, It would seem that tho sum ot
$.10,000,000 would fee an ample poounlary radoni
nlty to Spain for the loss of the Island.
Some further estimates are advanced by Mr. Ha
ohanan, as tho probable value of the acquisition,
In its Important commercial relation as a possession
of the United Hiatus, and it is calculated that “dur
ing the very first yoar the duties would amount to
a sum not less than *6,000,000. The despatch then
treat* at some length, upon the practicability ol tho
ftuoexatlon of Cuba as a political movement coni
xiattble with tho wolfaro of the United States, its
Woty, and the possibility of Americauiziug the
vmiiulation, and anticipates from such an event ‘an
energy and activity of competition whloh would re
sult in a meet rapid improvement in all that eon
tributes to the welfare and happiness of tho hu
man raoe.' ”
Mr. Buchanan then #ays: .
“ With all these considerations in view, the
President believes that the crisis bos arrived when
an offort should be mode to purchase the Island ot
Cuba from Spain, and he haa determined to eutrust
von with the performance of this moat doiicate and
Important duty."
Instructions follow as to tho mode in which tho
subject is to be opened at the court of Madrid; how
the minister is to bo approached upon the matter,
■with tho proofs of the good faith and friendship of
the Uuited States government. This portion of
tho dooumonta wo extraot as follows:
“ At your interview with tho Minister of Foreign
Affairs'you might introduce the subject by refering
to the present distracted condition of Cuba, and
the danger which exists that the population will
make an attempt to accomplish a revolution. This
must be well known to the Spanish Government.
In order to convince him ot the good faith and
friendship towards Spain with which this Govern
ment has acted, vou might read to him the first part
of my despatch "to General Campbell, and tho or
der lAaued by tho Secretary of War to the Com
mending General in Mexico, and to t ho officer hav
ing charge of the oiubarkatiou of our troops at
Vera Crux. You may then touch delicately upon
the danger that Spain may lose Cuba by a revolu
tion in the Island, or that it may be wrested from
her by Great Britain, should a rupture take place
between the two countrios arising out of the dis
missal of Bir Henry Bulwer, aud he returned to pay
the Spanish debt duo to tho British bondholders.
You might assure him that, whilst tuia (yovern
ment is entirely aatisfled that Cuba remain
under the dominion of Spain, wo should in any
event reelst its acquisition by any other nation.—
And, finally, you might inform him that, under all
these eirouinstanoee, tho President had arrived at
the conclusion that Spain might be willing to trans
,„r the island to the United States for s tair aud
full consideration. You might cite as a precedent
the cession of Louisiana to this oountry by Napo
leon, under somewhat similar eircumstanees, wheu
I o was at the xoninth of his powor and glory. I
f. re merely presented these topics in their natural
.rder andyou can fill up the outline from tlio in
onnatiou communicated in this despatch, as well
as from ourown knowledge of the subject. Should
the Minister for Foreign Affsirs lend a fovorable
, ur to your proposition* then the question of the
consideration |to be paid would arise, and vou
have been fiiruished with information in this des
patch which will enable you to diacusa that ques
tion.
« The President would be witling to stipulate for
the psymeut of one hundred million of dollars.—
This, however, ie the maximum price; and if Spain
should be willing to sell, you will use your best ef
fort* to purchaselt »t a rate as much below tliat sum
practicable. In oaoe you ahould he able to con
dude a treaty, you may adopt as your model, as
far aa the same may be applicable, the two conven
tion* of April 80, 1808, between France and the
United State*, for the sale aud purchase of Louisi
ana. The seventh and eighth article* of the first
of these convention, ought, if possible, to behmit
ted • still, if this should be indispensable to the
accomplishment of the object, article* amnlar to
them uiav be retained.
“I transmit you a full power to conotude such a
report to this >p*rlmenl of all the conversations
aud proceedings pn this subject between vonrself
and the Spanish Minister for Foreign Atfaire.-
Shonld you succeed in accomplishing the object,
vou will associate your natne, with the most impor
tant and beneficial measure tor tho glory and pros
perity of your country.” .
The letter is signed by Mr. Booh.nan, *nd is ac
companied with certain instructions as to commu
nicating privately with the Department.
”Mr. Saunders to Mr. Buchanan.
On thel»th July following Mr. Saunders reports
pjugess. He acknowledges.the receipt of the do
gnai eh, expresses his sense of the high honor thus
>r>nfe ’red upon him, and assures the government
that he will do his prettiest, but he is embarrassed
at the on Met, •» to the person to whom he should
first open J* l ® subject. He says:
“ I have that th ® Dukc of Sotomayor was
unfriendly to u>. United SMafc 1 have not myself
discovered any tc of‘'.ml. On the con
trary, he always spa ' k * with pnde of his grand
father, Governor McK.wn and with reaped! of our
country. General Narv «. the president of the
council", is . boll, fearless mmt the soul of the
CAbiuet * * * * # let he is
difficult of approaefr, and rnighi n <* Oksthe re
sponsibility of having A* subject ».” I l ',* 1 *‘
Ktauoe broached to him. Another ditecuitv, and,
as 1 fear, an insurmountable one, is the junueuce
of the Queen Mother. She ha* great control over
Iter daughter, and is feared by the Ministry, and I
suspect would moat decidedly object to the oes
siom She has considerable investment in Cuba
front which ah* derives great profit*.
“ These Investments are loudly complained or
bv the p*opl* of Havant, as interfering with their
private matters, and such as the Queen Mother
should not intermeddle with—such as gas-light
companies, and other associations, in a small way.
tibe could only b* *U«n«*d by a prospect of gain,
*, indemnity for her I***, but at tint stage ot the
“f t^secre
■tare «f Foreign Affair* my wish to have a private
“*krvi.w ifth him, and reoeived an answer
hi* secretary, that he waa confined to hi*
hv a aevere »a*ok of the gout, but weald
see me so soon as he was able to attend to buainosa.
Whether I shall ask an audience of Gen. Narvaez
will depend on tny meeting with a favorable op
portunity for doing so.
“At this stage of my report, 1 heard there was
likely to be a change in the office of Minister of
Foreign Affaire.
“ I deemed it prudent to see Gen. Narvaez, and
ascertain the truth of the rumor. He readily in
formed me the health of the Duke of Sotomayor
rendered it necessary for him to retire, and that
Mr. Filial would take hi* place. lat once decided
to ask a private interview of Gen. Narvaez, and to
make to him my communication in regard to Cuba.
He, without hesitation, acceded to my request, it it
should be my pleasure to make any communication
to him.
“ It was arrangedlhat I should call the next day,
when he would revive me at an early hour. 1 ac
cordingly called at the hour appointed, and opened
the conversation by stating the information which
had been given by Mr. Campbell relative to tho
threatened insurrection In the Havana; your in
structions to our consul as to the caution to be used
in his words and actions, to avoid even the sus
picion of enoouraging the insurgents- and the po
sitive order of the Secretary of War to Major
General Butler to prevent any attenmt on the
part of the volunteers in their return from Mexi
co from stopping at the Havana. He expressed
himself as thankful for the information ; os entire
ly satisfied with theoonduct of our Government;
and requested me to exprees muchae gratia*, many
thanks, to the President for his coarse in the busi
ness. He farther said they had their difficulties
to contend with, both in Cuba and at home; but
should always look with confidence to our great
country, from the friendly relations which had
so long existed between Spain and the United
States.
“He requested to Vie furnished with copies of
your answer and the Secretary’s order. I promised
to give him a copy of the order to General Butler,
and of so much of yonr letter as refered to the sub
ject ; with the understanding that the information
given by Mr. Campbell was not to be used in any
way to excite prejudices against him as our consul.
“ I considered this a favorable moment to intro
duce the subject which had been the peculiar object
of my visit. I began by saying: ‘ His Exoellency
would allow me to advert to another matter in re
gard to the Island of Cuba, which, though one of
delicacy, was of great importance to us, and I
trusted lie would receive my communication in the
same friendly spirit in which it was made.’ He re
plied it would afford him much pleasure to hear
any thing I might have to say. I continued: ‘ His
Excellency was fully aware of the very deep inter
est which the United States felt in everything con
nected with the present condition and future pros
pects of Cuba; its position, its great importance to
our commerce, the condition of a portion of its
population, were well calculated to inereuse tho in
terest wefclt in its fate.’ He expressed his fullest
as.out to all of this. I said, ‘that whilst the Pre
sident and our people were perfectly content
tliat it should remain a colony of Spain, and did
not by any means desire to change that relation,
several events had recently taken place well calcu
lated to excite our fears, and to create some alarm
on the subject. I should content myself by refer
ring him to a few of them. The recent revolution
in France, and the order by its Provisional Govern
ment for the immediate emancipation of the slaves
in the French islands, and the fatal consequences
which had followed, had produced great auxicty
in tho United States as to it* effects on the Spanish
islands. He would doubtless recollect the speech
of Lord George Bentinck, at tho last session of
Parliament, on the subject of the Spanish bond
holders, and of the reply of Lord palmerston, as
serting the right of the British Government to
wage war against Spain for the recovery of these
debtH whenever it might deem it expedient.’
“ His Excellency very emphatically signified his
recollcctiou of these speeches. ‘These circum
stances, in connection with the recent suspension
of all diplomatic intercourse between the two go
vernments, have added to the anxiety of the Uni
ted States as to the condition of Cuba. They had
led the President to believe the time had arrived
when it was prudent for him to give to the Minister
at this Court authority to treat on tho subject of
Cuba, if it should be the pleasure of her Catholic
Majesty to enter into such a negotiation. I had been
honored by the President with a spcciol commis
sion for this purpose ; a fact which 1 had been di
rected to communicate to the Government of her
Majesty in confidence, und which, from the respet
1 entertained toward* |iis Excellency, had induced
me to make it known to him.’ Ho »aid, in reply,
• That he received the information witli much plea
sure ; that whilst he should consider it as confi
dential, it might be best that tho Minister of State
should bo made acquainted with it; that he onjoy
cd his full confidence, und might be implicitly con
fided in.’ I rejoined: 1 1 did not doubt on that
score; but had thought, from tho nature of the
Biibject, as the Minister of State was just about to
enter upon tho dutios of his office, it was most
proper to make the communication to his Excel
lency.’ *
Thus ended tho conference. Mr. Saunders
spoaks of the manner in which the proposition
waa received, and thought Narvaez was pleased
with it. Mr. S. had avoided the uso of tho word
“cession” in conversation, and thought it was
possible bo had not been explicitly understood,
but thought it a* well to leave tho matter so at the
time. England was then monacing Spain, and
this waa one of the principal aids relied upon by
the government of the United States for inducing
favorable action on the part of Spain.
Tho letter proceeds to review the state of parties
aud persons at the head of the Spanish Govern
ment, and the exhausted condition of the treasury,
and then states that “ the Government places a
much higher estimate on the revonues of (Juba
than you seem to calculate. They place itat twelve
millions of dollars; and, after deducting the ex
peiiccs of the civil and military, claim forthe trea
sury six millions. Besides this, the orders or
rents on the treasury, pay to the navy, and em
ployment to persons who would be entitled to re
tiring pensions at home, togotlier with the profits
from tlie flour monopoly, make, according to tho
ostiinato here, some fifteen or twenty millions an
nually. I doubt, therefore, if wo have anything to
calculate on from alinanoal view of the question.
Ilctico my conclusion, that nothing short of neces
sity, arising from tlioir fears to the consequences
will force them to aot."
Mr. Sanders refers to Mr. Forsyth’s instructions
to Mr. Vail upon this subject in 1860, in which he
uses tliis strong language :
“ You are authorized to assure tho Spanish Go
vernment that in ease of any attempt, from what
ever quarter, to wrest from her this portion of her
territory, (Cuba,) she may securely depend upon
the military and naval resources of tho United
States to aid hor in preserving or recovering it.”
This assurance wits given by Mr. Vail, and after
wards repeated by Mr. Irving, and Mr. Saunders
says:
“ With this guaranty for tho safety‘of tho island,
the Spanish Government has rested in perfect
security. At tho time of Mr. Bulwor’s dismissal,
when tho public apprehended a rupture with
England, it was a common remark at tho Puerto
del Sol—the groat theatre for political discussion
— 1 that the United States would aid us in the pro
tection of Cuba.’ Now, whilst I would not for
mally withdraw this assurauca, I suggest the pro
priety of clmiigiug our tone, by saying, ‘ In a war
between Spain and England tho United States
might feel greatly embarrassed, from her friendly
relations with England; that she is not only our
ally, with whom wo are at peace, but with whom
atprosontwe have the most intimate commercial
relations: that whatovor we may think of her co
lonial policy, m tho extension of her commerce
and for the "advancement of her manufactures, the
United States would feel great reluctance in an
open ruptur* with her at this time; besides, sho
might claim from us tho same neutrality in a war
with Spain as sho had observed in our late contest
with Mexiro. This languago might do good; and,
as I think, oould do us no harm. And whatever
might lie our secret resolution—that under no cir
cumstances could wo allow Cuba to come under
the control of England—still it might be as well
for us to keep this resolution to ourselves.
“In my interviews hereafter with the Minister
I shall venture to present this view of the subjoct,
as a ronsou why wo should greatly prefer tho pur
chase of Cuba to any interference to prevent its
Hilling Into tho power of England."
Mr. Saumien to Mr. Buchanan again.
On the 18th of August, Mr. Saunders writes
again, aud says:
“On tlio ISth instant, I had an interview with
the Minister of Foreign Affair*, in whioh I was
mere explicit in my communication, and he more
candid ip his reply. I repeated tho interest whioh
the United Stifles "felt in the present and fhture
condition of Cuba, and the belief of the President
that possibly the existing state of things might
render it desirable for her Majesty to enter into
negotiations on the subject. Hosaidhehad been
informed by General Narvaez of tlie nature of my
communication to him, and of my authority ; that,
if 1 wished to press the matter further at this time,
ho should like to hear whether 1 proposed to treat
for the cession of Cuba to tlio United States, or
for its security to Spain; aud, in the evout of a
difficulty witli England, whether Spain oould rely
or any "aid from the United States.
“ I answered that it was from the fear of difficul
ty with England, and the threat on her part to
seize on Cnba, whioh had, in part, induced tho
President to give me tho spool*! authority he had
dono at present; that, as his Kxcellenoy would
see, an open rupture between Spain and Englaud
—tlie allies of tho United States—might greatly
ombarrass hor as to the part whichfshe, as a neu
tral, might find it necessary to take; that, whilst
self-preservation and the interests of hor commerce
might preveut her from remaining passive in the
event of any pressing danger, she" would greatly
prefer a direct purcliaso of Cuba to involving her
self in a war with England on that account. He
said iie frilly understood our difficulty; that, from
the present state of things, he did not anticipate
any thing of the kind; that it was but candid in
him to say he could not hold out any prospect at
present of a cession; that possibly time might
bring it about. Cuba was reported to them as be
ing secure, but there was no telling how tong it
might remain so. He was pleased to receive my
communication; should treat it as entirely confi
dential, and if any thing should occur to produce a
different state of thiugs, he should not fail to in
form me of it.
“ Tlio above is, iu snbstauce, what transpired. I
did not deem it prudent to urge the matter further
at this time, but shall not foil to keep myself folly
informed of overy thing which may occur, and,
should I seethe least prospect of success, shall, of
course, avail myself of it.
Mr. S. then furnishes some infoi-mation touch
ing tlie existing state of affairs, aud thinks they
are not likely to contribute to Ills success. He was
invited to bo"present at the aocouclunent of the
Duchess of,Montpcnsicr, and though he regards
the thing as savoring of the ridiculous, finding that
the diplomatic corps generally intend to accept the
invitation, he did the same. Ho was given to un
derstand that his prompt acceptance was ‘quite
gratifying both to the queen and her mother.
A third letter from Mr. Saunders relates to the
feeling aroused in Spain upon tho publication in
the English, French aud Madrid journals of cer
tain statement* about the pending negotiation
which had been made public. He says the public
regard Gull* as their most precious gem, and no
thing short of oxtremo ueeeoessity wiil ever in
dues than to part with it. He denies certain things
alleged in the publication* referred to, and excul
pates himself and other* from imputations at the
hands of writers upon the subject. At the dose of
this last letter he remarks, “I have had no en
couragement to renew the subject in regard to
Cuba; so far as I have been able to collect the
opinion of the public, it is against a cession, and I
dp not think the present ministry could or would
venture on such a step; both Pidal and Mon are
against if, and Narvaez says nothing.”
• Mr. founder's But Letter.
On tlie 14th December, 1848, Mr. Saunders
writes again, alluding to sows period not more de
fintcly signified, as follows:
“As 1 considered this a favorable opportunity to
r enew the subject, I remarked to tlie Minister he
must excuse me for again calling his attention to the
matter of the cession of Cuba; that an impression
lad been produced in the United Stater, in conse
quence of some recoct publications on the subject,
tliat Spain might be induced to make the transfer,
if terms sufficiently liberal should be offered; and
I desired to know if he was willing to bear any
thing further on tho question. He answered he
had understood, from oar former conversation on
the subject, that I had not been instructed to make
any direct, pro position for the cession, bet was au
thorized to enter into negotiations whenever it
might please her Majesty to signify her wish to do
to. In ‘he mean time the President was satisfied
to suffer things to remain as they were, so long *g
Cuba should continue under the dominion of Spain.
Witli this utideiatefding, my communication had
been well received, **,J was entirely satisfactory;
that, ao understanding me, tia ilgd ielt authorised
to give a direct denial to the publiewign to which
1 had referred, aud had so instructed the diaetept
agents of the Govenuuaqtj that h* wished the
me iter this to stand, as it enable him to
give, in a sastisfoctery way, any explanations
which might be demanded by the Cartes.
I replied he had oorrertly understood me.
and I nadao reported to my Government, and had
siuoe received the Preisdent* approval of my
course; that I did now design to make any propo
sition, as 1 had received no new instructions; but
my object was a simple inquiry, to enable me to
Warn aud to atatc whether any terms, however lib
eral, would indpoe bar Majesty to make a cession.
“ He answered, he fully appreciated my motives,
as he had seen the statement in the papers, and
could answer most positively “that it was more
than any Minister dared to entertain such a propo
sition ; that he believed snch to be the feeling of
the oountry that sooner than see the island trans
ferred to any Power, they would prefer seeing it
sunk in the ocean.’ I replied. I was happy to find
he understood my motive* and after bis positive and
candid avowal. I certainly should not again renew
the subject unless I should be specially invited to
do so. I was fully aware of this being an unplea
sant subject with the Ministry; that they had been
much annoyed by the recent publication*; but ua I
had beard from private sources that an improper
impression had been produced in the United States,
in consequence of the articles in the New-York
Herald, and that I had been charged with ineffi
ciency in failing to press the matter with sufficient
energy ; and as I was anxious to vindicate myself
against snch an imputation, and to justify the con
fidence reposed in me by the President, I felt au
thorized to renew the conversation, which ended in
away, as I think, to the satisfaction ot the Minis
ter. I had made it my business to inquire, in a
private way, from those I knew to be friendly to
the annexation of Cuba to the United State*, what
they thought to be the pnblic feeling on the sub
ject, and they have uniformly given the same an
swer ; and that was, that the nation would not
sanction the measure: that the general belief was,
whatever sum might be paid for the cession, it
would not go to the relief of the nation, but would
be seized upon by those who might happen to be
in power. And these remarks were always made
under tlie strictest injunctions of secrecy, as the
individmds were most anxious to conceal the foot
that they were friendly to annexation.”
Mr. 8. closes his letter with some remarks as to
his personal efforts, and flatters himself that the
President will not disapprove what has been done,
although the attempted negotiation was a failure.
Such is the secret history of the effort on the
part of the Polk administration to effect thecession
of Cuba, by purchase, to the United States. It
was much talked of at the time, though but little
understood. The main facts, howeußb were known
and the »mount of purchase money •orrectly sta
ted. It will tie seen by the last letter, that the
Spanish government were then, and are probably
now, influenced by a sort of dog-in-the-manger
policy. The daclaration that the people of Spain
would “ sooner than see the island transferred to
any Power, prefer seeing it sunk into the oceaD,
is very spirited no doubt. But Spain cannot be
accommodated with such a petulant alternative.—
The island wont sink; it is there, and there it
must remain. We suspect that Mr. Baundef* got
something nearer the truth as to the popular feel
ing, in the fact, that tlie public would not sanction
the measure, under the general belief that what
ever sum might be paid for the cession, it would
not go to the relief of the nation, but would be
seized upon by those who might happen to be in
power. And that will be the difficulty now. If
the interest of a hundred millions of dollars could
be secured to the people of Spain, for their own
benefit, instead of passing into the hands of the
government, they would, beyond all question, pre
for such an arrangement, than to entertain the
chances of a Cuban revolution and the loss of the
island from such a cause, or a war with the United
States arisingout of the plexing incidents of the
present awkward state es the affair.
From the 'Newark Daily Advertiser.
From Havana.
Havana, Nov. 11.—The Isabel from Charleston,
having arrived we have nows of the eleetion of
Mr. Pierce, as President. Tho Creoles are delight
ed at his success, and seem now to consider the
annexation of the Island to tho United States as
a positive certainty.
There was a report here that two thousand men
had left the States for the Island which caused a
great sensation. I hope that no expedition will
think of coming with less than five thousand men,
all woll provided with arms and provisions. As
sistance from the Creoles must not be expected un
til a firm stand is made and tho ground occupied.—
The punishment awarded to the revoltersis bo ter
that no onowill join the invaders until all doubts of
success have vanished. Ab the Creoles have noarms
it will be necessary for tho invaders to bring with
them a greater quantity than they will require for
their own use.
To take this Island by force will be no easy mat
ter ; there are nearly thirty thousand good soldiers
with a malitia of a similar number of Spaniards,
who are determined to retain what they possess.
The Creoles can hardly be taken into account, ns,
however wishful they may be, they neither have
tho opportunity to get away from their homes nor
have they arms to use. If provisions are not for
warded from the United States the invaders will
bo in great distress, for death will be visited on all
thore who food in any way or encourage the Fili
busters. The Government is well prepared to re
ceive the comingcxpedition. They have a regular
line of military posts established throughout the
Island, and, as tlioy have a perfect knowledge of
what they are to contend against, they are in a very
advantageous position. It will be the greatest
madness and cruelty, to send here a smaller num
ber than five thousand men, with five thousand
more iu readiness to follow them.
There ure now hero three fine English war steam
ers, ahd a ship of the line is also expected. It has
been reported that they are bound for tho Lobos
Injands. Thore is no American vessel-of-war in
pert, wliioli is very much to be regreted, as the
presence of such a thing might prevent some of
the open bad feeling which is daily exhibited to
ward Americans.
Cincinnati.— The following brief sketch of the
early history of Ciucinnatti is taken from the Non
pareil : “This city is now about sixty-four years
old. Some time between October, 1787, and Janu
ary, 1788, John Cleves Symmes, of New Jersey,
made a contract with the Treasury Board of the
United States, on behalf of himself and associates,
for the lands lying between the two Miami rivers,
bounded on the south by the Ohio river, and run
ning north bo far as to include one million acres.
Os this purchase Symmes sold to Matthias Den
man six hundred and forty acres, lying opposite
Licking river, on which Cincinnati is now princi
pally built, for forty-nine dollars. About the 10th
of September, 1788, a party met on the site of the
oity and made a plat of the incipient town. On
the 26th of December, 1788, the first landing of
tno immigrants for the settlement was mado, and
in January, 1789, the streets were surveyed and
namod in that part of the town lying between
Broadway and Western Kow. During this year
several log houses and one frame house were built,
and somo of tho out lots, all of which were north
of Seventh Btroet, “ wero cleared.” The legal ti
tle to tho grounds on which the town was built be
ing still in Symmes, tho patentee, ail the deeds for
the original in and out lots wore made by him. In
1790 the lots on fractional sections number twelve
were laid out by the patentee, and on the 2d March
1808, the reservation around Fort Washington
was sold in lots by tho Surveyor General of the
Northwestern Territory, under the direction of
tho Secretary of the Treasury. Betwoen tho first
and tenth of January, 1780, the name was changed
from Losantville (which it had been at first chris
tened) tO|Cincinnati. Such is a brief sketch of the
early history of the Queen City ofthe West. What
a contrast she now presents to the straggling log
built village of sixty years ago 1”
llnrted Stales Mint.
We present our Monthly Statement of the De
posits and Coinage of gold at the United States
Mint, and branches, which show a slight decline in
the Doposits since January Ist, as compared with
tho same period of last year, although this is more
than mado up by the receipts from other sources.
This decline is readilyaceouutedforbythe increas
ed exports of gold bars and dust direct from Cali
fornia to Groat Britain. By a statement of the
Bank of England, which we published somo time
since, it waß seen that the imports of California
bullion into Great Britain, for the first six months
ofthe current year, were £1,000,000, whilo for the
whole of 1651 the amount was only £1,300,000
The following tablos bring the totals of the princi
pal itoms of interest down to the first instant: •
Coinage of the Mints of the United States, from
January 1«<, to October 81 st, 1852.
MISTS. Uol.l). SILVER. COPPER. TOTAL.
Philadelphia..s4o,744,B9o $508,604 $40,835 $41,878,829
New-Orleans.. 8,825,000 14 ~000 8,969,000
Charlotte,N.C. 812,944 812,944
Dahlonega,Ga. 889,816 889,816
Total $45,271,650 $787,604 $40,835 $46,049,589
Comparative statementof deposits »f Gold at the
Mints of the United States, from Jan. Ist, to Oct.
21, in the years 1851 and 1852.
PHILADELPHIA.
1851. 1852,
United States Gold $86,069,164 $89,840,260
Other Gold 631,950 962,638
Total $26,701,114 $40,802,895
KEW-ORLCAHS.
United Stales Gold 6,607,185 8,116,400
Other G01d.... 180,106 188,102
Total 6,737,241 8,249,502
CHARLOTTE.
United States Gold 552,481 841,645
DAHLOSEUA.
United States Gold 218,028 850.650
AT ALL THE MISTS.
United States Gold 48,146,809 48,178,955
Other Gold 762,056 1,095,787
Total 48,908,865 44,274,692
The deposit of gold of Philadelphia since the Ist
inst., amount to $4,792,000 against $4,960,000 tor
tho same time last year. Another steamer is now
duo with a large amount of gold dust, but the total
de|K>sita for the year will hardly reach the amount
during the year 1851.
In that year the deposits of gold for November
and December were $11,762,669, of which $109,121
were foreign gold. This amount will hardly be
reached for the corresponding months of the cur
rent year.
In the above tables it will be seen that the de
posits of foreign gold, (chiefly coin) for the first ten
months of tho oufrent year have iucreased, as com
pared with the same period of 1851, $388,681. In
domestic gold the deposits of California gold have
fallen oft' $80,596, but the amount from other States
has iucreased $112,742.
Wo are indebted to Robert Patterson, Esq., of
the Philadelphia Mint for his assistance in compil
ing our tables. For the last two months the New-
Orleans papers have contained, as far as we can
find, no statement in detail of the operations at the
Mint in that city. This has been a serious embar
rassment to us in our statistics ofthe number and
description of pieces coined in the United States.—
X. Y. Jour, oj Cbm.
Awful Casualty—The Late Kaos. —Yesterday
morning at an eiftiy hour, mnch excitement was
caused amongstour citizens by a report that the
venerable Col. Richard Singleton, and his grand
son Robert, son of the late Marion De Veaux, had
been killed in consequence of an accident on the
Camden branch of the South Carolina Railroad ;
and abou 9 o’clock, a hurried note from H. W.
Conner, Esq., dated at the Congaree river, Satur
day noou, was politely handed us, which confirmed
the sad intelligence, although it gave no particu
lars. By the »t to moon mail, however, wc received
the Columbia Palmetto State Banner of Saturday,
and later in the evening we had an interview with
a gentleman just arrived from the scene of the
melancholy catastrophe, who gave ns additional in
formation.
From all we can glean it appears that cn Friday
evening, as the Camden train was proceeding from
the junction towards the Waterce, the bank and
culvert near Clarkson's Turnout, having been loos
ened bv the recent very-heavy rains, the cars
were precipitated over the bank, instantly killing
Col. Singleton end his grandson. At first it was
feared that several others were seriously injured,
and that limbs had been fractured, but we are
gratified to learn that the fractures tured ont to be
bru&es, •
mong those bruised were Mr. Bradley, of
Sumter, young Mr. Mayraut, a gentleman from
New York, Mr. Shiver, the baggage master, and
Mr. Scantling, the Conductor—all, however, were
doing well yesterday. A rumor prevailed that
two Germans were buried under the wreck, and
that a cake-woman was missing. This, however,
we have been assured by a reliable authority, is
without foundation. The engine passed over, but
the tender and passenger cars were dashed to pie
ces. Xo passenger in the passenger oars was in
jured. Col. Singleton and grandson were in the
baggage car.
Tbo ssoessive rains have done a good of in
jury it seems to the road, although we are grati
hed to learn that it can he easily and
that the Congaree Bridge is safe.
The Banner states that the culvert at Pry Branch
two miles above Gasden, also gave way on Friday
night wiwh a freight train. The engine, however,
got over, hut four cars ot the train were thrown
of. The road, we understand, is now clear at that
point, and there was no detention of passengers
veeterdav. *
* Fear entertained that the new bridge over
Cedar Creek, • bovd Coiumtof, has
*5
freshet of 1840, and at the last accounts w~
risigg. The smaller streams were alse higher.—
Ok. Gour. Mr>-utag.
Sontag is making preparations to appear in opera
in this country this winter, beginning with New
York, The Journal of Music save the arrange
ments are now being made. Salvi, Badiali, Roooo
and Pozxolini, are engaged, also a chorus and
orchestra of forty each, with Carl Eckert for di
rector. It only w ants Alboni to make the thing oou .
plete, and realise an opera on the Parisian or Lon
don scale.
WEEKLY
C|roradt & JsetttincL
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.
WEDNESDAY KORHTHG. DECEMBER 1,1862.
liquor and iu CogieqirnKi.
Wo are on the Grand Jury this week, and hap
pen to know somethingof the caused producing
the indictments which have been fonnd and pre
sented to the Court. In every instance, down to
Tuesday evening, liqnor was at the bottom of the
difficulty; drunkennese was the prime cause.—
And yet what are the actual state of facta - in re
gard to this enormous evil ? An address, issued
by a committee appointed by a convection of the
freinda of legislation, in this State, proposing to
get np petitions to give the people or each county
the right to say whether the traffic in liquor shall
be licensed within their respective counties, is not
published in balsa dozen papere in the State, al-.
though requested to be published by all. Why is
this so? Are editors of papers inimical to tempe
rance ! Not at all: but those who have espoused
its cause, find the people will not stand by tnem. —
Not only office seekers and popularity loving gen
tlemen, but even those who call themselves good
and pious members of the church, professed
friends of morals, order and religion, with a few
exceptions, have not the first good word in behalf
of the editor who dare set his face against thia
bane. —Griffin Jffiersonian.
Without stopping to descant upon, or re-affirm
what every intelligent, observant man in the State
knows to be true, and readily admits, viz: that
quite nine-tenths of the cases originating in the
criminal Courts of the State are the immediate con
sequences of retailing, we proceed to notice tha
reason assigned by the Jefersonian for the delin
quency of the press on the subject; which is oer
tainly not very flattering, either to its independence,
or complimentary to the moral coursge of thoee
who conduct it. An independent press, conduct
ed in an elevated tone, is always, in an enlighten
ed community, a lever of great power for good,
while its opposite is an evil of no ordinary magni
tude. It is, therefore, a source of unmingled re
gret 1 that there should be the slightest grounds to
suspect, that the charge of the Jeffiereonian is well
founded. Such a charge, in this free and enlight
ened republic, where the freedom of opinion and
speech is the proudest boast of the eitizen, because
it is one of the fundamental principles of the
government, the corner stone of the Constitution,
is a humiliating reflection, both upon the people
and the press. In justice, however, to the people,
we beg leave to vindicate them, and to assert that
our experience in the conduct of a public journal,
justifies the impression that they are not obnox
ious to the suspicion even, of exercising or at
tempting to exercise! snch a tyranny. We, of
course, speak of the masses of intelligent freemen
of Georgia, for we know there are a few excep
tions to the general rule, bat they are only excep
tions, and they form a small class of narrow-mind
ed creatures, whose good opinions are rather to be
contemned than coveted. Indeed, when such
men approve our course, we are always disposed,
if not to Buspect its correctness, at least to take a
retrospect, to ascertain what we have done that
such as they should bestow praise. There is, how
ever, among the intelligent mass, such an inate
love of honest independence among their fellows,
whether private citizens or editors, that, however
they may dissent from their positions or principles
it never fails to oommand their admiration. At
least, such is oar experience in the condact of a
public journal, now extended through fifteen years.
And relying upon that noble trait of generous
hearts and enlightened minds, wo hare never for
borne to express our sentiments fully and freely
upon all questions of public policy, without ever
for a moment stopping to consider who it might
please or offend. Onr first duty is to investigate
and satisfy our own mind that we are correct—
that done, we never hesitate as to the consequences
of the avowal of any opinion we entertain, and its
maintenance by all the arguments at onr oommand.
True, we do not expect or even hope that every
man who takes or reads our paper will approve our
opinions, or endorse our sentiments, yet, however,
we might feel cheered by their approbation, we
care not for their censure or condemnation, and we
want them, each and all, to feel conscious of our in
difference. It never disturbs onr equanimity to
have a paper discontinued for any cause; and
least of all, because of a dissent from />ur views.
Every man has a perfect right to discontinue a pa
per at any and all times, with or without cause,
and wo very cheerfully concede the privilege, with
out murmur or concern.
We eare not, therefore, who approves or disap
proves of our views in relation to the propriety of
prohibiting the retailing of intoxicating drinks.
We are satisfied that our course on this subject is
dictated by a high sense; of duty to the country
and our fellow-men, and whenever we prove re
creant to the performance of a duty of such para
mount importance, we shall be wholy unworthy of
the position wo occupy, and if the people fail to
sustaine us, they will be slaves indeed, and as in
capable of appreciating as unworthy to have an in
dependent press.
We have, however, no fears on this subject. We
know the people, wo have lived and mingled with
and among them, and we know how fully they ad
mire and appreciate an independent course dictated
by a consciencieus sense of duty, and wo feel that
the patriotic and philanthropic of the land will not
faulter when duty bids them to the rescue. As an
evidence that we do not over-estimate the intelli
gence of the people and their admiration of an inde
pendent, open, manly course, we are not aware that
a tingle individual among our teven thousand eubscri
bers, has discontinued his paper because we flavor
the prohibition of retailing. Away then with the
Jeffersonian's insinuation against the people, the
intelligent freemen of Georgia.
Proposed Purchase or Cuba.
We find in the Baltimore Sun, an abstract of a
very important and interesting correspondence re
lating to the purchase of Cuba, whioh first appear
ed in the National Intelligencer, between Mr. Bu
chanan, Secretary of State, under Mr. Pom, and
Mr. Saundebs, the then Minister to Spain, which
we transfer to our paper.
These documents form only a part of those sub
mitted to the House of Bepresentatives by the
President, in obedience to a Resolution passed by
that body on the 4th of February last, were preced
ed by a series of letters extending as far back as
1822. The following list comprises the whole up
to that of Mr. Buchanan :
Mr. Forsyth to Mr. Adams, November 20, 1822.
The same to the same, December 18, 1882. Mr.
Adams to Mr. Forsyth, December, 17, 1822. Mr.
Forsyth to Mr. Adams, February 10, 1828. Mr.
Adams to Mr. Nelson, April 28, 1828. Mr. Apple
ton to Mr. Adams, August 6, 1828. The same to
the same, July 10,1828. Mr. Nelson to Mr. Clay,
July 10,1825. Mr. Clay to Mr. Everett, April 27,
1825. The same to the same, April 18, 1826. Mr.
Everett to Mr. Clay, with enclosure, August 17,
1827. The same to the same, December 12, 1827.
Mr. Van Buren to Mr. Van Ness, October 2, 1829.
The same to the same, October 18,1880. Mr. Van
Ness to Mr. Forsyth, August 10, 1886. The same
to the same, December 10, 1884. Mr. Stevenson to
Mr. Forsyth, June 16, 1887. Mr. Eaton to Mr.
Forsyth, August 10,1887. Mr. Forsyth to Mr. Vail,
July’ls,lß4o. Mr. Webster to Mr. Irving, Janu
ary *l7, 1848. The Bame to the same, March 14,
1848. Mr. Upshur to Mr. Irving, January, 9,
1844.
All of these papers, says the Baltimore Sun,
from the beginning exhibit the consistent action of
the United States, and the integrity of purpose by
which our government has always been actuated.
There has been no interference by the United
States in any way with the supremacy of Spain, but
the avowal of a steadfast design to aid her in main
taining it against all assailants. The United States
government has constantly expressed its unwilling
ness that Cuba should, under any circumstances,
pass into the hands of any other power; and has
made known the prevailing sentiment of our peo
ple on this point, both to France and England.
The Mails.— The Northern mail failed to reach
the Post Office in this city last night, owing to
the neglect of those whose duty it was to trans
port it from the Hamburg Depot. The mail
train did not reach the depot till after 6 o’clock
P. M., having been delayed by a disabled freight
train and tho flooding of the Bailrood track by the
Edisto river.
The Savannah mail is still missing, in conse
quence of the remissness of the Savannah Post
Master.
The three New Orleans mails due yesterday
morning came to hand.
A Rainy Day—Freshet—Loss of Cotton.
Thursday last, (Thanksgiving day,) was decided
ly, a rainy day. It commenced to rain about 9
o’clock Wednesday night and continued until day
light yesterday (Friday) morning, at times falling
rapidly, with scarcely an interval of fifteen minutes
at any time daring the thirty-three hours. The
consequence has been a sudden and rapid riße in
the Biver, of fifteen to twenty feet. Daring the
night (Thursday night) the rise was so great, as to
reach the upper wharves, on which, between three
and four thousand bales of Cotton had been de
posited for shipment to Savannah, much of which
was in a floating condition at dawn of day. Every
effort was made by the Steam Boat Companies, to
save it; we learn, however, that a hundred or more
bales probably floated off down the Biver. The re
mainder was saved, much of which will, doubtless,
be more or less damaged, by being so long in the
water.
Death from a Bute Shot.—We were yesterday
shown a private letter from a gentleman ia Law
renceville, Ga., to his friend in this city, detailing
the particulars of the shooting and death of Wil
liam S. Wish by Archibald A. Dunlap, both of
Gwinnett county.
It appears that Wish had, for some time, carried
on an improper intercourse with the wife of Dun
lap, of which he was cognizant. On the 23d inst.
he saw W. pass his place, soon after which he re
paired to his bouse and found that his wife was
missing. He picked up his rifle and went in pur
suit—overtook them in the woods, not far distant,
and fired upon Wihh, the ball entering the abdo
men and passing out at the right hip, of which he
died in about thirty hours.
Death fbom a Blow.— The Coroner of this city,
on Thursday, held an Inquest over the body of
GA2A wat Beall, deceased. It appeared from the
testimony that while engaged in a fight at or near
the Georgia Bailroad Depot, on the 21st inst., he
received a blow, of which he died Thursday. The
The verdict of the Jury was, that the deceased came
to his death from a blow or blows, inflicted upon his
by some weapon unknown, supposed to have
been done by William Coptet and others.
We did not leant that the suspected parties have
been arrested-
Pobtcoczse Ihbemhitt.—The Department of
6tate at Washington gives notice to claimants un
der the Convention with Portugal that the second
instalment has been received ap4 is ready to be
distributed.
The Deaf and Dumb.
We take great pleasure in calling the attentiofl
of the public to tha following card of Mr. Camp
bell, and sincerely hope it may accomplish all he
designs. Certainly no one in whose bosom barns
a single spark of phylanthropy, after seeing this,
will fail to communicate its contents to any mute
who may be in his vicinity. Wo think, however,
Mr. Campbell would have accomplished his object
much more effectually, if he had had printed a few
thousand circulars, in the form of Hand Bills, con
taining all the necessary information in reference
to the admission of mates, and have addressed one
to each Postmaster in the State, with the request
that they would put them np in some conspicuous
place at their respective offices. This plan would
carry the information into every neighborhood in
the State, and certainly reach every mate within
its bounds ; because there are thousands of peo
pie who would then see and read it to whom it
would never be known through the newspapers of
the day.
Help Gkeatlt Needed. —The cumber of pupils
in the Asylum for the Ddaf and Dumb is compara
tively small, because the friends of humanity in
the State feel eo little interest in behalf of .this un
fortunate class. To many of them it is in vain,
that the State has prepared an Asylum and furnish
ed it with teachers, at great expense. They know
not of its advantages and never will reap them,
unless the public mind can be aroused from the
apathy which exist upon this subject. Though
the institution in its various appointments, is all
the people of Georgia could desire it to be, it is
believed there are at least one hundred deaf mutes,
scattered throughout the different counties, be
tween the ages of ten and thirty, groping their
way in darkness—mental and spiritual darkness—
because no friendly hand is reached out to conduct
them to it. The writer, (or a few months past has
addressed friends on this subject in most parts of
the State. In some instanoee, these letters have
not been answered. What Bhall be done ? Will
not some intelligent gentleman or lady, in each
county, look after the deaf and damb within their
reach—inform them of the advantages held oat to
them by our Asylum, and induco their parents to
send them ? It would afford me great pleasure to
give all necessair information to any who may de-
Bire it. In the efforts, which lam thus voluntarily
making, for the benefit of this unfortunate class,
help u greatly needed. Indeed, 1 cannot hope to
succeed, unless help is afforded.
The next term at the Asylum will commence
about the first of February next. The writer calls
earnestly upon the humane citizens of his native
State, from seaboard to the mountains, to act
promptly with reference to this matter. And he
once more pledgee himself to convey to the insti
tution any who may be placed under his care, or to
see that it is done by safe hands.
J. H. Campbell.
Lumpkin, Stewart county, Nov. 11, 1852.
Tiie Mails are still very much deranged, the ef
fect of the late heavy rains. We have received
no mail beyond Mongomery, Ala., for the last
three days. Nor have wc been more fortunate in
regard to the Savannah mail, which has not been
received sinoe Friday last. ,
It occurs to us, in snch an emergency, the Sa
vannah Post-Master, if he felt any particular de
sire to facilitate the mail facilities between the two
cities, might send the mails for Augusta via.
Charleston or Atlanta, either would be better than
no mails. We submit the matter for his consider
ation.
The Central Railroad — The Late Rain.—Hav
ing received no mail or any papers from Savannah
for the'last three days, we are without any particu
lars of the disasters by the late freshet to the Central
Railroad. We find, however, in the Charleston
Courier the following items of news copied from
the Savannah Courier :
Griffin’s, 98 Milk Station, 1
Nov. 27th, 5, P. M. j
The train which left Savannah at 8 o’clock this
morning, has not yet reached this point, and th«r
Bark Camp Bridge embankment cannot be made
safe until the water falls. The extent of the wash
is about 68 feet, but the water is nearly six feet
deep upon the track. I think it would not be safe
to send a night train to-night. There is no news
from above, and of course we know nothing of the
extent of the damage done there. The through
train has gone as high as 9}£- The track there
was still overflowed, but tile water was falling
slowly.
still later!
Griffin’s, 98 Mile Station, )
Nov. 27tb, 5.80 P. M. j
We have just learned that the abutment of the
bridge at the 99th mile has been washed away, and
that the water is flowing over the track from that
point to station 10%.
The Courier, however, adds that Mr. Millen
was at the 79 mile station on Saturday with pile
drivers, utensils, hands, and everything else, pre
pared to put the traek in order with the least pos
sible delay, An additional force was to have left
Savannah, in the cars yesterday for the scene of
the disaster.
The Charleston" J/ercury of yesterday, has the
following in relation to the subject:
The Savannah papers roport considerable dam
age to the Central Railroad—the water, in sqme
places, being six feet deep on tho track. The pas
senger train which left Savannah for Macon on
Friday morning, was compelled to return, after
having passed to the 79 mile station, where there
was a continuous sheet of water on the track for
three quarters of a mile.
Obsequies of Mr. Webster.
On Saturday last, the citizens of Marietta and
Cobb county, paid their last sad tribute to the great
Statesman. A procession was fonned and marched
to Cherokee Hall, when in the presence of a large
audionce, N. B. Knioht, Esq., pronounced a eulogy
upon his character and eminent servioes, of which
tho “ Union" speaks thus:
“We have not space to attempt anything like a
description of the oration. We can only say that
the composition was chaste, eloquent and impres
sive, ana that the audience manifested, during its
delivery, the warmest approbation. All wore
pleasod with the just conception which it furnished
of the character of the great Webster, and all felt,
at the dose of the address, how much the country
had gained by his life, and how much it had lost
by his death.’’
After the delivery of the eulogy, the following
resolutions were unanimously adopted:
“ It having pleasod Almighty God te remove by
death, the Hon. Daniel Webster of Massachusetts,
from the American people, we, the citizens of Ma
rietta, in view of that event, adopt the following
resolutions:
Resolved, That we regard the death of tho Hon.
Daniel Webster, “the last of the great Triumvirate,"
as a severe National bereavement.
.ffM<>i(W,Tliathe life of Daniel Webster,in its early
struggles and privations, and in the achievements
and triumphs of his latter years, presents to the
American citizen of every age, a bright example
for imitation and encouragement, and affords a use
ful commentary on our Republican institutions,
which, disregarding the distinctions of caste and
sect, offer the honors of office, and the glories of
■ucoess, to energy, to virtue and to talent,
wherever, and in whatever walk of life they are
found.
Resolved, That in the grave of Daniel Webster,
all personal asperity,.all political difference, is bu
ried ; and standing, as American citizens, around
that grave, and olaimingasharc in his national re
putation, wo offer to his immediate relations and
friends, assurances of our deep felt sympathy: If
“ all that is mortal of Daniel Webster has ceased to
eeeist," in many important respects, “be still
lives.'’ He lives in tho encouragement and hope,
afforded by his own great example—he lives, in the
records of the Bar, which he adorned and elevated
—he lives, in the history of our coutry, in its for
eign and domestic policy—he lives, in his writings
and hie speeches, which form an essential portion
of Amorican literature, and he lives in the admira
tion, the pride, the affection, the heart of the Ame
rican people.”
Resolutions were also adopted, thanking Colonel
Knight for-the eulogy, and asking a copy for pub
lication, and also to send a copy of the proceedings
to the fhmily of Mr. Webster.
Florida Election. —The Tallahassee Sentinel
says the majority for Maxwell, for Congress, has
been finally ascertained to be 22. If some returns
were added, that were rejected for informality, the
majority would be increased to 47.
The official vote stands thus:
For A. E. Maxwell 4590
For E. C. Cabell 4568
Majority for Maxwell 22
If the rejected votes be added, the following is
the result:
For Maxwell 4637
For Cabell 4590
Maxwell’s majority 47
Bibb Superior Court. —At the late term of the
Court, a case was tried in which James M. Davis
Administrator of Willis Boon, deceased, is Plain
tiff, and the Macon & Western Railroad Campany,
Defendant, in which the Jury rendered a verdict
of One Thousand and Fifty Dollars damage for
killing a Negro and breaking a Carriage.
George W. Davis was arraigned for horse steal
ing, plead guilty, and sentenced to three years im
prisonment in the Penitentiary.
A young man by the name of Hubbard Cablton,
was sentenced to the Penitentiary for three years,
for larceny from the person. Carlton says he is
a citizen of Massachusetts, arrived in Macon on
Tuesday evening, was arrested and arraigned on
Thursday, plead guilty, and was sentenced to the
Penitentiary on Friday.
We are gle A . to learn from the Louisville Journal,
that the Postmaster General has decided that there
is nothing, either in the laws, or regulations of the
Post-office Department, which prevents the sending
of periodicals or papers to “actual and bona fide
subscribers,” by agents or dealers, the same as if
they were mailed directly from the office of publi
cation—all former decisions to the contrary, not
withstanding. The first section of the new law
embraces the case. This decision will prove high
ly advantageous to dealers in newspapers and peri
odicals.
TnK Bepobted Expedition to Hayti.— Late advi
ces from St. Domingo state that considerable com
motion had been created by the report of an expedi
tion from the United State* to Hayti. The President
of theßepublic has issued a manifesto declaring that
no foreigner shall enter the territory of the Republic
without disembarking at the porta opened by law
to foreign importation, and directing the immedi
ate arrest of all offenders.
Letters by the Million. —Over ninety-three
millions of letters passed through the Poetoffice of
the United States during the last fiseal year, (from
June ’sl to June ’52.) The revenue under the
reduced rates of postage has fallen off nearly a
million of dollars.
The constitutionality of the “Maine law” is to be
tested in a case which is now before the Circuit
Court of the State of Bhode Island. The case was
argued on Tuesday, and held by the Court for ad
visement. It was contended that the law conflicts
in divers particulars, with the Constitution of
Bhode Island.
Backing Oct.—The Democrats of the State of
Wisconsin have got over their anti-bank princi
ples, and sustain the new banking law submit
ted to them with great unanimity. The aggregate
vote on the bank question in fifteen counties from
which returns have been received is as follows:
For hanks 25,965
Against banks 5,443
Majority for banks 20,812, which will be con
siderably increased by the counties remaining to
be heard from.
The City Councils of Washington, have passed a
resolution looking to the extension of the Alexan
dria Railroad to the fonaor city.
•Yew Books.
Select British Eloquence; embracing the best
Speeches entire of the most eminent Orators of
Great Britain for the last two centuries. With
sketches of their lives, an estimate of their ge
nius, and notes, critical and explanatory. By
Chaexcet A. Goodrich, D. D., Professor in
Yale College. Bvo pp. 947. New York:—Harper
<fc Brothers.
This is a most valuable acquisition to the litera
ture of the day, and having just read the criticism
of a contemporary, the Baltimore American, we
adopt it as eminently just and discriminating.—
That journal says:
“ This is one of thoee books which are sure of
being eagerly welcomed and permanently prixed.
It contains the masterpieces of British oloquenoe.
The most celebrated speeches of Chatham, Burke,
Fox, Pitt, Sheridan, Erskine, Grattan, Cnrran,
Mansfield, Mackintosh, Canning, and Brougham,
are given, with selections also from the writings of
Junius, and from the Parliamentary efforts of Wal
!>ole, Chesterfield, Pulteney, Belhaven, Digby,
Stratford and Eliot. The speeches of each orator
are preiaced with a carefully prepared sketch of his
life, —a clear specification of the circumstances un
der which each speech was delivered, —an analysis
of the longer speeches ip side notes giving the di
visions and sub-divisions of thought—a large body
of explanatory notes bringing out minuter facts or
the relation of the parties withoflt a knowledge of
which many passages lose all their force ana ap
plication,—critical notes, as specimens of the kind
oi analysis which the author has been accustomed
to apply to the several parts of the oration—trans-,
latious of the passages quoted from the ancient and
foreign languages—ana a concluding statement of
the way in which the question was decided, with
occasional remarks upon its merits, or the results
sreduced5 reduced by the decision. This volume is evi
ently the work of agreat deal of reading and re
flection, and itcannot but have a very valuable in
fluence in improving oratorical taste. The work
is surprisingly compact, and yet is in every re
spect complete. It is the best of all picture gal
leries of British statesmen for the last two hundred
years, and no one can familiarizo hitnself with it
without forming a higher estimate of British in
tellect and British patriotism.
“ The volume is brought out on fine paper, and
in clear double-columned print, and its mechanical
execution in every respect befits the rare worth
of its contents.”
The work is for sale by J. A. Carrie & Co.
“History or Romulus,” by Jacob Abbott, with En
gravings. Harper & Brothers.
This is another of the admirablo series of His
tories of distinguished persons, with which the
Messrs. Abbott have adorned the Literature of
the day, and those who have read either of the
volumes, this will need no commendation at our
hands. They are simple and connected narratives
of the actors and the times they portray, drawn
from the most reliable sources, which derive an ad
ditional interest and value from the attractive man
ner in which they are presented by the authors.
For sale by J. A. Carrie & Co.
“Cornelius Nepos,” with Notes, historical and ex
planatory. Harper & Brothers.
This is another addition, by Dr. Anthon, to the
School books of the day, which is a aufficient oom
mendation of its value.
For sale by J . Carrie & Co.
“ A Life of Visoissitudes a Story of Revolution
ary times, by G.P. R. James, Esq., and
“ The History cf Henry Esmond, Esq., Colonel
in the service of Her Majesty, Queen Annie, writ
ten by himself, by W. M.Thaceeray, form Nos.
174 and 175 of Harper’s Library ofSeleotNovels,’’
which will be eagorly sought after by the ad
mirers of the two distinguished authors.
For sale by J. A. Carrie & Co.
“ Blear House,” No. 9, by Charles Diceins, has
also been received by Messrs. Carrie & Co.
■ Knick-Knacks, by L. Gaylord Clark, is the
title of one of the most readable, interesting and
entortainiug volumes of the day, just issued from
the press of D. Appleton & Co., being the jems
collectedduringninetcen years in the “sanctum” of
the “ Knickerbocker Magazine," simulating in the
society of New York, or sojourning in the country.
To afford the reader a very jußt conception of the
character of the work we annex tho authors own
account of it, in his “ words preliminary.”
“ Os one thing at least tho reader of this volume
may be assured—and that is, abundant variety.
There are sad thoughts and glad thoughts recorded
in these pages; influenced by all seasons, and jot
ted down at all seasons; scenes and incidents in
town and country, and all over the country; fami
liar ‘ home-views,’ anecdotes and ‘ stories’ not a
few ; many and multifarious matters, in fine, ori
f'inal or communicated, that have made tho writer
augh; and many, moreover, that have moistened
his eyes, as ho wrote and road and re-read them:
the whole forming a dish of desultory 1 Gossip , f
in which it is hoped that every body may find
something that shall pleaso, and no one any thing
to offondhim.”
The book is for sale by Geo. A. Oates & Co.
North Carolina Senator. — The Charleston Cou
rier says:—“ A ballot was had in tho North Caro
lina Legislataro on Saturday last for a U. States
Senator, in place of Mr. Mangum. Hon. James C.
Dobbin, the Democratic nominee received 70 votes;
Hon. It. M. Saunders 16; James B. Sheppard 9or
10. Tho Whigs throw away their votes on a num
ber of persons. This ballot being ineffectual ano
ther was ordered to take place on Monday at 12
o’clock. On the afternoon of that day, says the
Wilmington Herald of Wodnesday, the following
telegraphic despatch came to hand:
Raleigh, 2 o’clock P. M., Nov. 22, 1852.1
Received in Wilmington, 2.30 P. M. )
For Senator 162 votes were oast, of whioh Dob
bin received 74, Sheppard 24. Saundors 22, balance
scattering. No election. Saunders has iust made
a great Railroad speech amidst much applause.
A Land Slide.— We learn that an immense mass
of earth, in one of the excavations on the Charles
ton Railroad, between Aiken and Hamburg, hav
ing been saturated by the late rains, slid down
upon the track Saturday morning and completely
blocked up the way. A number of hands are em
ployed removing it, which will bo accomplished
as soon as possible. Till then, passengers and
baggage will be transferred from one train to an
other, which will cause only a few minutes deten
tion.
Beautiful Teeth. —We were shown yesterday,
by Dr. O. Munson, of this city, an upper sett of
artificial teeth, constructed by him on the new
patent plan of Dr. Allen, of Ohio. Those teeth
are attached to a platina plate, in a very beautiful
and perfect manner—the entire sett being fused
together in one solid block, and surmounted by
gums of the most natural and life-like color and
appearance. Among the advantages elaimed for
this method over any other yet discovered, are in
creased strength, durability and freedom of the
the plate from corrosion by the action of the fluids
of the mouth. We bespeak for it a candid exam
ination and comparison with other methods of in
serting artificial teeth. See card of Dr. M. in an
other column.
Thanksgiving.— Thursday last was observed in
the following States and tbo District of Columbia,
as a day of thanksgiving:—Maine, Massachusetts,
New York, New Jersey, Kentucky, Indiana,Bhode
Island, District of Columbia, Louisiana, Delaware,
Arkansas, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, Georgia,
Florida, Wisconsin, North Carolina, Vermont)
Alabama and Michigan.
The Steameu Princeton, which formed a part of
the fleet about to proceed to Japan, will not be
able to proceed on her destination, in oonsequence
of a defeot in her boilers. Tho Baltimore Patriot
of last evening, says:— *
We noticed the other day that the Princeton
left our harbor for Norfolk, in tow of the Georgia
and Pocahontas, where she arrived safely. Wo
learn from reliable authority, that she will not be
able to proceed to sea, ns her boilers have both
been condemned by the chief engineers, Sewall
Williamson. It was very apparent, on her trip to
Norfolk, that her boilers were inadequate to the
task, and upon a more discriminate examination,
the decision, as above stated has been deemed ex
pedient.
“ Enon Grove” is the name of a new Post-office
established in Heard county, of which Samuel B.
Bevis is Postmaster. •
“ Sbeinah,” m Union county, has been discon
tinued.
General Cass in thk Carinet.— The Detroit
Tribune learns frdm some of the most intimate
friends of Gen. Cass inthat city that he stated
that he would not, underany circumstances, con
sent to accept of any position in the new cabinet.
The grapes are doubtless sour.
Human Ingenuity.—ln the formation cf a single
locomotive steam engine there are no fewer than
5416 pieces to be put together, and these require
to be accurately adjusted as the works of a watch.
Every watch consists of at least 202 pieces, em
ploying probably 215 persons, distributing among
40 trades, to say nothing of the tool makers for all
these.
To Editors.—A journeyman printer, named Jo
seph Stevens, of Fort Wayne, Indiana, left home
in 1844, and was last heard of in 1847. His parents
are in great distress on his account, and will be
thankful to any one who will give them any in
formation of him. Address Mr. D. Stevens, Fort
Wayne, Indiana.
Virginia Central Railroad. —We learn from
the Bichmond Despatch that the Virginia Central
Bailroad Company have contracted for the grading,
embankment, and masonry of eighteen miles more
of their road west of Stanton, which now make
thirty-eight miles of the road under contract west
of that town, all to be completed in the ensuing
year.
Cotton Picking Extraordinary.— The Texas
Planter notices a feat in cotton picking, which we
believe is something ahead of anything yet re
corded of our Alabama, Louisiana or Mississippi
field hands. Six handsf n the plantation of John
Sweeny, Senr, on the san Bam river in Brazoria
county, a short time, since picked in one day 6,428
lbs., making an average of 1,072 lba. to each hand.
The United States Mail steamer Humboldt left
New Y'ork on Saturday for Southampton and
Havre with 109 passengers. Among them we no
tice the name of the Hon. Miller Grieve, United
States Charge to Denmark. The Humboldt takes
out $307,477 in specie.
Another Steamer for the South.— A splendid
steamship, named tho Jamestown, is now in pro
cess of building at the yard of Jacob A. Wester
velt, New-Y’ork. She is to be about 1200 tons, and
intended to run in connection with the steamship
Eoanoke, between New-York City and Norfolk,
Ve.
The popular vote of the State of Connecticut
for President, as officially reported, sums np as
follows:
Gen. Pierce 38,249 *
Gen. Scott »0,85»
Mr. Hale B,l*o
Scattering 12
The total vote is **,780, and Pierce’s plurality
2,890.
A woman of Iziex, has discovered the art of cross
ing the breeds of silk-worms with snooess, and
producing at will silk of several colors.
The Georgia Stale Fair, Again!
“A correspondent of the Augusta Chronicle <t
Sentinel, of the 20th inst., notices a paragraph in
onr last issue, in wliioh we state, iu reference to the
location of the Fair for the next year, that a sub
scription of three thousand dollars from Macon,
with a Fair Ground already prepared, is equal to
one of ten thousand dollars from the city of Au
gusta. He thinks our estimate of seven thousand
dollars, as the oost of preparing a Fair Ground, too
largo altogether, and made because we desire to
discourage competition for the Fair, and make it a
permanent fixture in our city. Onr estimate will
be fonnd to be nearly correot, as it was based up
on a statement made to us by those who expended
the money upon the Fair Ground in this city. We
do not desire to discourage the citizens of Augusta
from an attempt to seenre the location of the uext
Fair in their city, but simply to indicate what they
ought to do, in justice to the Agricultural Society,
to entitle themselves to it.”— dour. <k Meet.
Wk are greatly obliged to our neighbor for the
refreshing exhibition of disinterestedness wliioh is
w apparent in the closing sentenoe of the abovo
paragraph. How kind in him, and how much
more modes! than kind, to “indicate” to the citi
zens of Augusta “what they ought to do, in justioe
to the Agricultural Society, to entitle themselves
to” the next Fair. It is to be hopod that our peo.
pie will be goided by the sage counsels of our
worthy cotemporary, and that the necessary funds
will be raised immediately! We cannot tell what
“the cost of preparing a Fair Ground” might be; but
we are certain that it will not be necessary to ex
pend seven thousand dollars to fit up grounds
every way superior to the “Fair Ground” at Macon,
Let our citizens raise $5,000, and we will seoure the
next Fair at Augusta, and show our Macon friends
how “a Fair Ground” can be prepared for less
money than they seem to imagine. .
Taste, management, eoonomy, and a propor
knowledge of what should be done, are all-important
elements in the success of such enterprises as this;
and we trust the Exeoutive Committee, when neicly
organized, will not ovorlook suoh qnalitios as these
in the persons to whom they entrust the arrange
ment of the buildings and grounds for the Fair.
No one who feels a true interest in the prosperi
ty and usefulness of the Society, dosires to see its
Fairs permanently fired at any one point; and those
having control of the matter can doal no surer
death-blow to tho Association, and the groat inter
ests which it is designed to fostor, than by oontinu*
ing the Btand-still policy of “masterly (?) inactivi
ty” by which they have been governed heretofore.
Lot tho Fair be held in Maoon next year, and
wo confidently predict nothing less than the
downfall of the Society. It oannot be success
fully sustained by any thing less than the entire
agricultural interest of tho State, and it is impossi
ble to rally and enlist snch interest in a local exhi
bition. But, if the location of the Fair anti the offi
cers of the Society be ohanged annually, or at most,
once in two years, tho most benoflolal results
will follow, both to the Association and the ooun
try.
Virginia—The New York Slave Case. —The Le
gislature of Virginia mot on Wednesday last in ao
cordanoe with the adjournment made last June,
when the Governor addressed them a very short
message, in whioh he made the following reference
to the Lemmon Slave case:
“ Knowing the deep interest that all feel in evo
ry thing that affects the honor of the State, or the
interests of her people, I have not felled to take
particular notice of the reported outrage, recently
committed by the civil authorities in the city of N.
York, under the color of law, upon one of our oiti
zens, when in transitu with his property from this
State to that of Texas. If the facts warrant this ro
port, (whioh I have po reason to doubt,) it ißa.case
without its parallel in point of spirit —and the conse
quences to flow from tho establishment of such a
principle cannot be foreseen.
“ Not willing, however, to base an action of so
important a character upon mere newspaper re
ports, I have caused application to bo made to the
proper authorities there, for a certified copy of tho
record of the judicial proceedings in this oase.—
Whon the same shall have been received, I will
make it the subject of a communication to you, and
submit it for snoh notion aB your wisdom may dio
tate.” .
Tho Enquirer also takes occasion to invite the at
tention of the Legislature to the subject in tho fol
lowing strain:
“ We invite the especial consideration of the le
gislature to the recent decision in N. Y., most un
jUßtly stripping one of our citizens of his Blavo pro
perty—and though the liberality of individuals in
the city of N. York may probably reimburse his los
ses,-Virginia should lose no time in securing a de
cision of the U. S. Supreme Court on the whole
question, so that the South may know her rights,
and our citizens be protected in their property.—
Without proper satisfaction on this important
question, the Constitution is worthless, and the
Union in eminent peril.”
The Crescent City Affair and the Govern
ment.—The Washington Republic, referring to
the fact that the Captain General of Cuba had
informed Capt. Davenport, of the Crescent City,
on his late trip to Havana from New York, that
the steamer would not bo permitted to enter the
port on her return trip, if Purser Smith should be
on board, says:
Ifthe despatch oorreotlv represents the language
of Passed Midshipman Davenport on the occas
ion, we cannot resist the impression that he has
strangely misapprehended the duties and privi
ledges of his new position. Wo cannot ooneoivo
of anything more unbecoming than the dictatorial
tone whioh he appears to have assumed; or any
thing less likely to produce an amioablo settlement
of the pending difficulties.
It is perhaps well that he has apprised us of his
intentions. We can now perceive how much re
liance may safely he placed in his discretion, and
how fortunate it is that cooler heads are permit
tod to conduct negotiations between the two coun
tries.
A writor in the Journal of Commorco says that
there are more specimens of “ the poor devil” in
California than in any State in the confederacy.
Among his acquaintances there are no loss than
four dry goods merchants who peddle clams for a
living, and seven ministers of the gospel who tend
bar. Acoording to him, the only men who thrive
in California, are the rough, tough, and go-a-head.
The mere gentleman stands no more chanoe on
the Paciflo than the mere idler. People who set a
value on soft hands and soft living will please no
tice.
There is a boy in Mt. Sterling, Ky., son of Mr.
Aiken of that place, who it is said can neither
spell, read or write, and has not the slightest idea
of any arithmetical rales, but nevertheless, can
solve diffioult mathematical problems in muoh less
time than a skillful mathematician would require
to put the figures on paper. He oan give no rule
for hia calculation, nor can he tell how he obtainß
so readily the answer to any given sum, but still
he does it. He is eight years of age.
Yale College.— The catalogue of the officers
and students of Yale College for the ourront
year, just published, Bhows that the whole number
of students is 608, divided among the different
departments as follows:
Theologieal students 87, law 39, medical 85, phi
losophy and arts 46. Undergraduates—seniors,
107, juniors, 102, sophomores 117, freshmen 120—
total 608.
There are thirty-six gentlemen oonnectcd with
the College as instructors. This institution has
never been more flourishing than now.
A bill has been introduced into the North Caro
lina Legislature to provide lor the extension of the
North Carolina Bailroad from Goldsboro’ to Beau
fort Harbor. The bill provides for the transfer of
$500,000 worth of stocks owned by the State to aid
in tho enterprise, leaving an additional amount of
SBOO,OOO to come from individual subscribers.
During the late storm on the lakes, so fer as
heard from, 87 vessels were either entirely wreck
ed, damaged, or lost portions of their cargoes.
Among tho number lost was the propeller Oneida,
with all on board, 17 in number.
President’s Message.— The Washington Repub
lic is authorized to state that the President’s Mes
sage will be transmitted this year by special mes
sengers to the principal points of the Union, in the
same manner as was pursued last year.
The bark E. H. Chapin, arrived at Baltimore, re
ports that on the 2d inst., in lat. 19, lon. 82, she
spoke tho whaling brig Germ, of Truro, the Cap
tain of which reported that ho had been chased
for several hours by a Spanish vessel, supposed
to be a pirate, whicli bore off when the Chapin ap
peared in sight. The Germ had been out six
months withont obtaining any oil, and Was going
into St. Thomas to refit.
Mr. James G. Birney ia out agaii* in favor of
African colonization. In a late letter he alludes to the
pamphlet which he published last year on the sub
ject and sustains its doctrines. He says :
“Some years ago, with many others, I thought
that the emancipation of the slaves among us would
be aided by the free people of color remaining in
this country; that their increasing privileges and
consideration in the free States—for then I sup
posed that they were all favorable vo emancipation
—would elevate the slave, give him a higher self
respect, and, }n the end, contribute to his libera
tion. In these expectations, lam free to confess,
I have been altogether disappointed.”
The new steamship Uncle Sam, which is said to be
a very perfect specimen of naval architecture aud
mechanical skill, will sail for Aspinwall on the 6th
December. The actual tonage of tho “Unoie Sam,”
is 1800 tons. The accommodations are for first
class or saloon passengers, 150; second-class, 250;
steerage, 458. The machinery is from the Alla ire
Works. The engine is 66 inch cylinder and 12 feet
stroke; the boilers are 28 feet long, 12 feet shell,
and 12X front; the wheels are of iron, and are 82
feet diameter. •
Composition of the Moon.— Every object on its
surface of the height of one hundred feet is dis
tinctly seen through Lord Boese’s telescope. On
its surface are craters of extinct volcanoes, rocks
of stones almost innumerable. But there
are no signs of habitations snch as ours, no vestige
of architectural remains, to show that the moon is
or ever was inhabited by a race of mortals similar
to ourselves. No water is visible, no sea, no river,
all seems desolate.
— -
In the Senate of North Carolina, on the 16th
inst., Mr. Thomas introduced a bill to incorporate
“The Charleston, Blue Bidge and Chattanooga
•Rj.il Bead Company," It was referred to the Com
mittee on Internal Improvements.
The Managers of the New York Art Union an
nounce that the paintings in the hands of the As
sociation will be sold at auction, at the Art Union
Gallery, on the 16th, and 17th of December next
Funeral services, in honor of the late Duke of
Wellington were celebrated at Calvary Church, in
New York, on Thursday evening, by the British
residents and sojourners in that city and vicinity.
There was a large attendance at the Chnrch. The
sermon wae preached by the Rev. Dr. Vinton.—
Bishop Wainwright and the Bev. Dr. McMurray
took part in the devotional exercises.
" A railroad enterprise is in oontemplation to unite
Montreal with the Hudson river byway of Plalte
buig.
The Retailing Question.
Undm the oaption of “ Personal Liberty and
the Maine Liquor Law” the Marietta (Anton makee
the following remarks in reference to the suppree
eion of retailing. The editor, however, has un
fortunately fallen into an error, in supposing that
itisporposod by the anti-retailers to enact the
Maine Liquor Law in Georgia. They only con
template or desire the passage ot a law whioh shall
authorize the suppression of retip ling in counties
where a majority of the people i vor such sup
pression. In those counties where they desire to
have it continued the law, of oourae, will not apply,
hence they may enjoy all the benefit of the sys
tem to their hearts’ oontent:
Personal Liberty and the Mains Liquor
Law.—W e publish to-day the address of a com
mittee appointed at a meeting during the session
of the State Fair at Maoon on the subject of “ pro
hibiting the sale of spirituous liqubrs,” through
the action of thepeople of the respeotivo counties.
The Columbus 1111168 and Augusta Constiutional
ist, have taken position against the movoment,
whilst the Augusta Chronicle, Savannah Journal,
Columbus Sentinel and Atlanta Republican favor
it. The oontest may be said to hove already be
gun—the entire press of the State, political, litera
cy and religious, will beoome involved in it, and
it must be decided one way or the other.
It has been argued on one side that such a law
would be a restraint upon personal liberty—and on
the other, that all laws against the commission of
orime restrains personal liberty. It seems to us,
that neither the argument or answer is satisfacto
ry. Society is progressive—its moral and intellec
tual tendencies are upward and onward, and no
limit oan possibly be fixed as to the ameunt of re
straint to whioh personal liberty thould be sub
jected. There are extremes on both sides, and
unrestrained “personal liberty” may be more
hurtful and pernioious than the tyranny which to
tally destroys it. So that the objection that the
law would operate as a restraint upon “ personal
liberty” amounts to no objection at all, unless
fhose who ndvanoe it will show that it it produc
tive of more harm than good to tooiety , ana that it
is, consequently, an uDjust and unnecessary re
straint.
Laws prohibiting crime are rostainty upon “ per
sonal liberty,” but not to the same extent to whioh
this law operates. Those laws restrain men from
doing aots of wrong and violenoe against others—
this law not only proposes to do this—but to pre
vent men from lending themselves as willing vic
tim* to the wrong thus inflicted. And here lies the
difficulty. Can we prevent men, by law, from pur
suing a certain course of aotion because suoli a
conne leads to solf-destruotion 1 Can wo so far re
strain that inalienable right, the pursuit of happi
ness, as to take from men the privilege ofenjoying
that happy state whioh the poet desoribee as be
ing—
“ O’er all the ills of life victorious f ”
This is the real question to be decided, and upon
it wo will offer at present, a few reflections.
Our government is a social compact, founded
upon and sustained by the popular will. Every
law that exists, and all that may be passed, are
eelf-impoted by the people. It is the privilege of
our people to create rmraintt or to remove them,
the happiness and general welfare being the ob
ject, and those who originate the law, its sub
jects. To argue against the unquestionable so
vereignty of the people on this subject is to trifle.—
The great question is, “ would the exercise of the
sovereignty of the people in the enactment of the
Maine Law promote the genoral welfare!” For
ourself, we can deliver our opinion without hesita
tion. W e think that one half of the crime, the po
verty, ignorance and misery whioh afflict sooiety
is direotly traceable to tho sale of spirituous liquor
and its use. It is our solemn oonviotion that a
greator ouree was never inflioted upon man than
this triffle—a traffic which oould be stopped with
out loss to anyone—and the existence of which
oorrupts our youth, depraves manhood, enlarges
vastly the calender of orime, destroys health, pro
perty, reputation, life itself, and leaves the family of
the miserable victim frequently the prey of pover
ty, ignoranoe and dishonor.
W e are prepared to abide upon this, as upon
all other subjects, the decision of the people. Wo
invite discussion upon it, and will readily lend our
columns to the use of any one who may be dis
posed to defend the Bale of spirituous liquors.—
Tho subjeot is now before the people of Georgia,
and action must be taken upon it. Our mind has
long since been made up as to our vote when it
should be oalled for. We would prooriho tho use
of liquor, save us medioine, as the worst foe to the
happiness and prosperity of man.
Copper Mine la Tennessee.
In the last*Dalton Timet we And the following
notioe of a Copper Mine in Polk County, Tonn.
We are informed that the indications in the
vioinity of this mine are very flattering for still
further and very valuable developementa of Cop
per Ore:
Another Evidence or the Resources or tbs
South. —Every few days our streets present a lively
appearaneo from the influx of wagons, loaded with
Copper Ore, on its way to New York. This Ore,
wo understand, comes from the Hiwassoe mines,
located in Polk County Teun., about five miles from
tho state lines of North Carolina and Georgia.
This region of country is a primative formation,
and abounds in minerals.
The vein runs longitudinally, in a series of hills,
in a North East and South West direction; they
being a spur of the Alleghany range of mountains.
Tho ore is principally Black Oxide of oopper,
yielding, wo understand, from ten to seventy per
cent of pure metal.
The Blaok Oxide is found at a distance of about
forty feet from the surface ; the vein here being
flfreon feet wide, on an average. Below the stra
tum of Black Oxide, the vein gradually increases
in width, as you go down, and produoes yellow
sulphuret of oopper. Several hundred tons have
alroudy been taken out of the mine.
Tho company is constructing a plank road from
the mine, down the bank of the Ooonee River, to
Cleveland.
So soon as this is completed, the amount sent
forward to market, will be largely increased.
This mine iB worked by a company from the
city of Now York. The mining operations are
under the supervision of an able minor from Corn
wall.
We understand he has had much experience in
the mines of Mexico, Cnba, Cornwall, and the
United States; and pronounces the prospeots here,
to be equal, if not superior, to any he has ever be
fore seen. We have long been familiar with the
fact, that we had vast mineral resources in onr
neighborhood; and it is a humiliating reflection,
that these sources of wealth remain undeveloped,
except by capitalists from abroad. Were our beds
of Iron, Coal, Marble, Copper, <feo., located in a
section of country, where people have enterprise
enough to work them, they would prove to be
souroes of wealth, far beyond tho expectations of
those who have never estimated their truo value.
In relation to the re-inforoementa recently des
patched from Spain to Cuba, the Nevj Orleans Bea
con of Cuba, says that it is usual with the Spanish
Government to send out, each fall reoruits to re
place losses to the army by doath or expiration of
term of service. The Spanish soldier is enlisted or
conscripted for seven years. There are about 16,-
000 in Cuba, and consequently, about 2,800 men
fait out of the servioe by the expiration of their
•term, and the loss to the army is about 8 per oent.
yearly by daath. In all 2,800 or 8,000 reoruits
have to be sent every fill to Cuba to keep the regi
ments up. They are all sent to Cuba in the fall and
early winter.
From Mexico.— By advices from Vera Crux to the
4th instant, we loam that our now minister to
Mexico, Judge Conkling, hnd Buckingham Smith,
Esq., and the other members of the Commission
gone out in search of the mines of Dr. Gardner,
were passed on the 2d inst., on the road between
Vera Crux and the Capitol.
The Legislature of the State of Puebla has passed
a docree authorizing the looal government to take,
in the enterprise of the Isthmus of Tehuantepeo,
as many shares as it might deem proper, and,
moreover, to concur in the work by sending certain
convicts on the spot.
It was reported in the city that General Arista
intended to resign the Presidency; alto, that a
portion of the brigade Castillo had gone over to
the enemy; but these rumors are without founda
tion.
The Presidential Electors in the several States of
the Union meet in their respective State capitals on
the first Wednesday in December, to oast their
votes for President and Vioe President of the Uni
ted States. The reoord of these votes will then bo
sent, under sea), to the President of the United
States Senate, at Washington; and on the second
day of February next these reoords will be opened
in the presence of both Houses of Congress, and
the result officially declared.
New Election Ordered tor Members or Con
gress.—The Governor and Council of Massa
chusetts have ordered new eleotions for Congress
in the nine vacant districts, on the Second Mon
day of December next. At that election a pin
rality only is necessary to a choice. At the last
election the' whigs had a plurality in every dis
trict but the ninth, where the freesoil oandidate
had the highest number of votes.
Tho last “ shipwreck” on the canal, says the
Rochester American, was on Saturday, when a
boat run upon a rock, broke in two in the middle,
made paste of 600 barrels of flour, and then re
mained in the way an obstacle to the progress of
boats when every hour is jirecious.
We learn from tho New York Journal Corn
mere«, that the sum of (6,280, or (280 more than
was required, has been subscribed in that city, to
indemnify Mr. Lemon, of Va., for the loss of bin
slaves.
In an.artide relating to the Metropolitan Hotel,
New York, the Indeside says“ In the matter of
prices, few pay less than (25 per week; and one
foreign emmissary, who has taken rooms fbr the
season, is paying at the rate of. (80 per day, be
sides a very liberal extra expenditure for the very
choicest of antique wines. One gentleman pays
(50 per week. The bills of others amount to (200,
(250, and (800 per week. The bridal ohamber is
constantly occupied at the rate of (20 per day.” It
is also stated that “ more people are turned away
than are received”—and that “ rooms are taken by
letter and by telegraph for weeks in advanoe.”
The Norfolk Beacon learns that Commander Geo.
P. Upshur, of the U. S. ship Levant, died last
month at Spezzia. Com. U. was in a declining
state of health when he left Norfolk, but it wts
hoped that under a change of climate he might
rally.
Internal Improvements in North Carolina.—
There is a bill now pending before the North Ca
rolina Legislature which provides for the incorpo
ration of the Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad
Company, with a capital of (800,000, to construct
a road from Goldsborough to Beaufort, or some
point near it,*and to run near Trenton, and via
Newbera. The bill also provides for a transfer of
the State’s stock ((400,000) in the Raliegh and
Gaston railroad, of (75,000 from the Fayetteville
and Western plank road, and of (25,000 from the
Wilmington railroad; in all (500,000 to the Atlan
tic road. It also authorizes the counties and towns
through which the road runs to subscribe to its
stock.
The Congressional Delegation from the State of
Illinois will stand as follows:
l)ist. Whigt. Disk DtmtoraU.
1. E. B. Washburn, 2. John Wentworth,
8. J. C. {Norton, 5. W.A Richardson,
4. James Knox, 7. James C. Allen,
6. Richard Yates—4. 8. Wm. H. Bissell,
% 8. Willis Allen-6.
In the present, or old Congress, the Illinois del
gation comprises one Whig and six Democrat*;
showing a Democratic loss of one and a Whiggain
of three.— Nat. Intel.
The Reading Gazette says:-" Potatoes will be
plenty and cheap this winter. The rot, which
some time ago seriously affected the prospect of a
good crop, seems to have entirely disappeared, and
this year’s yield may be regarded as fully equal to
any last (vs or six yean,”
Railroad Freights Again.
Ha vino published several artioles from the North
Alabama and Teunessoo papers, showing the com
parative post of transporting cotton to New Or
leans and the Atlantic coast, over tho Goorgia and
South Carolina Railroads, we copy the following
article from the Huntsville Democrat , which pre
sents a different vie w of tho picture: *
1 l ' eal latc 'y teen BR id upon the sub
ject of the comparative expense of shipping cotton
to New Orleans and to Charleston. As all Dun
ters are interested in this subject, I have taken
pains to inquire into tho true stato of tho facts .
connected with it. After diligent inquiry, I find
the following ostimates to bo correct, which I
will thank you to publish for the boneflt of your
country readers:
If it is inacourate in any particular, an oppor
tunity will then be afforded of correcting it My
desire is, that tha truth of tho mutter, whioh is of
muoh importance to the'planting interest, may be
generally known and confidently rolled upon.
Estimato on 1 bale cotton, shipped to Charleston,
of 450 pounds: .
Receiving and Forwarding at Wliitesburg, *0 17
Freight to Chattanooga, 450 lbs., at 20c.... 080
Reo’g. and Forw’g. at Chattanooga 0 85
Rivor Insurance 0 jg
Freight to Charleston on 450 lbs. at 800.., 860
Drayage at Charleston 0 12W
Storing “ » 1 tnou th 020
Fire Inßuranco 11 1 “ 0 12W
Weighing 0 00
2>£ per cent, commission on same 1 00
16 68
Estimato of 1 bale cotton, weighing 450 lbs., ship
ped to New Orleans: r .
Freight to Now Orleans $2 75
River Insurance .on $45; at \}6 per 0ent...... 0 67
£ ir « “ “ 1 “ 0 45
Drayage, atorago, &o 0 50
2>g per cent, commissions 1 00
Average Loss of Interest, Bay 8 months! . . . 080
$6 17
From the above it will bo seen that tlioro is a
difference of only fifty cents in the charges bo
tween the two markots of New Orleans und
Charleston ; and in the ostimute of cluirgos to tho
New Orleans market you will Bee that 1 liavo com
puted the loss of interest upon tho sale of cotton
at three months only, whereas, in point of fact,
for a number of years pust, the average loss of in
terest upon a sale has been not loss than six, in
stead or throo months. You will also observe that
I huve estimated the IVoight to New Orleans at
$2.75 per balo.. This is the ordinary charge; but it
is often more, in oonsequence of the accumulation
of cotton at Eastport and other points, and
stoamboata not running regularly nnd in sufficient
numbers to carry off tho cotton promptly, when
the crops aro large below; and 1 am informed by a
Freighter, that when there is a largo quoutiiy of
cotton at Eastport, the preleronco is given to tho
cotton raised in that immediate region, und our
oropa are compelled to wait.
Now, supposo, Mr. Woodson, that tho planters
in this part of tho Tennessee Valley should all oon
oludo to ship to New Orleans; what would be the
oonsequence ? They would bo under tho necessity
of waiting for a tide in tho Tennessco River, and
this is uncertain enough. Thon, again, if it should
all be safely landed at tho Eastport, tho accumula
tion of cotton there will be so great that delay
would bo neoessarily incurred, which would be
extremely imurious to our interest: having no
waro-houses In Eastport, onr cottons would bo
piled on the banks of tho rivor and subject to de
lays in shipments and damago from the weuthor,
and tlioso are inoonvonionccs and risks whioh
prudent planters would ohoose to avoid. Thus,
von see, that the foregoing estimato is plaood too
low for the New Orleans market.
It soems to be very plain, that the Charleston
Market holds out to our planters mttoli strongor
inducements than that of Now Orloans. We enn
ship to Charleston whenever our orops aro ready,
without delay; the road, as lam informed, is now
amply supphod with evory necossary facility for
its Bpeedy transportation. Wc can recoive returns
in a very short time, and, as an ovidonoo of it, I
have heard thnt. some or my neighbors recently
shipped n portion of my orop to Charleston and
had it sold in fiftoon days at highly satisfactory
prices. Sinoo Charleston has beon open to us as a
market, tho sales will show that higher prices can
be had for our cotton thoro than in Now Orloaim;
and by reference to a late Now Orloans I’rioo
Current, it will bo Been that strict Mississippi and
Louisiana cottons are selling at 9% to oonta;
whereas, our cottons, muoh inferior, account sides
show, sell froely in Charleston at 0# to 0% cents.
1 A Planter.
Important Operation.
Wi witnessed a very important and difficult
operation in the Medical College, on Satnoday last,
by Professor L. A. Dugas. Tho subject was a
negro man, tho propertyjof Mr. James MoDowkll,
of Talbot county, in this State. He had a Tumor
situated on tho right Bide of his nock, in the P'os
terior Clavioular Triangle, immodiutoly over tho
Subelavian Artory, whioh imparted to it a degree of
pulsation calculated to mislead tho surgeon, and
whioh had misled several eminent ones, who mis -
took it for an Aneurism of the Subolavean Arte
ry, and, therefore, refusod to operate. Under
theso circumstances ho was brought to this city to
Professor Dogas, who, upon examination, pro
nounced it not only no, Aneurism, but a diseased
Lyraphatio Gland, and proposed to operate for its
romovai, whioh ho did on Saturday evening, with
the most oomplote success. That it was a delicate
operation all will admit, who aro conversant with
the anatomy of the parts.
The Professor proceeded with great oar.tiou,
(whioh is one of his distiuguishing traits as a sur
geon) and after some difficulty, oausod by tiie im
possibility of controling the patiout, suceeedcd in
disongaging the tumor from its position, and ta
king it out. The operation was a painful one, and
illy born by the patient. The tumor was then
subjeotod to the miorosoope by Dr. JcßMafHaßiiias,
and found to be a disorganised Hyperthopkied
Lymphatio Gland, thus fully sustaining the Pro
fessor’s diagnosis.
Letter from the President.
The President has thought it propor, says tho
National Intelligencer, to mako public the subjoin
ed letter to the Collector of New York, in reply to
one addressed to him personally by that officer.—
Like everything from the pen of the Proßident, it
is direot and explicit, and leaves Mr. Law, the
owner of the steamer Oreecent City, no room to
mißtako his own duty as a citizen, or the Presi
dent’s determination to muiutain tho supremacy of
our laws as well as our international obligations.—
To his plain admonitions tho President kindly addß
somo wholosome advice to Mr. Law, whioh wo
doubt not will have the effect to restrain him from
the imprudent steps which he intimated it to bo
his intention to take in regard to tho difficulty in,
which ho has unnooossarily involvod himself with,
the Cuban authorities. ,
Washington, Nov. 12, 1852.
Hon. Hugh Maxwell, New York City:
Your note of yesterday came to lmnd this morn
ing, in whioh you state a conversation you huve
had with Mr. George Law, from which you learned
that tbo “ Crosoent City will go to Cuba and enter
tho port of Havana in defiance of tho Spanish au
thority ; and, if fired upon, she will bo surrender
ed, and that then he and others will immediately
commence hostilities against tho Islund.” You
say, also, that ‘'ho desires to know whether he ia
right in persisting in tho pursuit of his lawful busi
ness, and that if the Government shall tell him he
must not go, he will not go. If, however, the
Government says nothing against his going, lie will
infer he has a right to go.” You say, also, that
“he professes to bo friendly to me and my Ad
ministration.” Os the sincerity of this latter pro
fession ono can best judge by reading his letter us
the 9th, published in the Now York Herald of the
10th instant.
But, in regard to the chief matters of your letter
permit me to say that, in the first place, 1 do not
admit the right of Mr. Law, or any other citizen,
to threaten a war on his own aceotiu'., for the pur
pose of seeking rodress for real or imagincry in
juries, and then to cull upon the Government to
say whether it approves or disapproves of such
conduct, and assume its approbation unless tho act
is forbidden. The Constitution of tho United
States has vested In Congress alone the power of
declaring war, and neither the Executive branch
of the Government nor Mr. Law has any right to
ÜBurp that power by commonoing a war without its
authority; and if he shall attempt it, it will bo my
duty, as it is my determination, to exert all tho
power confined to the Executive Government by .
tho Constitution and Laws to prevent it. lam
resolved, at every hazard, to maintain our rights in
this controversy as against Spain, and I am equal
ly resolved that no act of our own citizens shall ho
permitted to place this Government in tho wrong.
Mr. Law has an undoubted right to pursuo his
lawful businesss; but when a question is raised
between this Government and a foreign nation as
to whether the business which he pursues is law
ful, or pursued in*n lawful manner, tho deci
sion of that question belongs to tho two Govern
ments, and .not to. him. If tho object be to assert
his right to enter the port of Havana with Buch
persona as he may oboose to select, in defiance of
the laws and Government of Spain, he has certain
ly done enough to present that question for tho
decision of the Governments of Spain and the
United States; and the negotiation has already
oommenced, and our rights, os wo understand
them, have been asserted, and, as 1 said before,
will be maintained. But tho act of this Govern
ment cannot be controlled by tho interference of
any individual, and it is entirely unnecessary that
Mr. Law should repeat these attempts for the pur
pose of settling this controversy; and if he wil
nilljr does so, and injso doing violates tho laws of a
foreign nation within its own jurisdiction, and
thereby loses or forfeits his vessel, lie can expect
no indemnity for such an act of folly from this Go
vernment.
We regulate the terms and conditions upon
whioh all foreign vessels shall enter our ports, and
wo fix the peualty for a violation of our laws, and
the right to do so we shall never suffer to be ques
tioned by foreigners, end we do not question
theirs to do the same tiling. He must wait the re
sult of the negotiations between thtf two Govern
ments. This is a question not to be settled bo
tween him and Cuba, nor even between the United
States and Cubs, but between the United* States
and Spain, which alone is responsible for the con
duct of the Governor of Cuba.
I write in some haste, as the mail is closing; but
Sou are at liberty to mako known the contents of
lis letter to Mr. Law, and to inform him that as a
good citizen I presume be will not attempt any
violation of our neutrality laws by attacking Cuba.
1 am truly yours,
Millahd Fillmore.
Honors to Mr. Webater In Atlanta.
Wx are pleased to learn that the Hon. A. H.
Stephens has accepted an invitation, tendered by
the citizens of Atlanta, to deliver an address on
the life, character and publio services of Mr.
Websteb. As Mr. S.’s public duties will (require
his attendance at Washington, the time for tho de
livery of the address has been postponed until af
ter the close of the ensuing session of Congress.
Convention or Slaveboldkbs.— A convention of
owners of slaves from Mason, Bracken and other
counties in Kentucky, has been held, to devise
some way of preventing tbe escape of slaves. They
would have slave protection societies formed in
eaoh county in Kentucky, each to have a pursuing
committee. A census to be taken of all tho slaves
in each oounty owned by members—a ftind raised
to pay a stipulated reward for reeapture and tho ex
penses of the pursuit of the slaves of members—
to pay to citizens of free States for the capture of
fugitives at the following rates: |2OO for a slave
over It years old, 1100 for younger ones, and SSO
for information whioh results in the capture of a
fugitive.
The Rev. H. N. Hudson, the well known lectu
rer and editor of Shakespeare, it is related has be
oome the editor of the Churchman, Frotestant
Episcopal newspaper, of New York.
Tece Magnanimity .—Hath any one wronged
thee? be bravely revenged ; slight it, and the
work is begun; forgive it, and ’tis finished. He
is below himsolf) who is not above an injury.
The Hon. A. H. Stephens left this morning,
m rout* for Washington, via Charleston,