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ISiTCLE & SENTINEL.
The Pacific Railroad.
Bt. Lorn and NiwOiiuki.—ThoSt. Louis Ke
publican understands that a project is now on foot
in that city to form by private subscription, aoorpse
of engineers for the purpose of makings series of
reconnoisaances from the South I‘ass across the
different ranges of mountains to the l’acific slop
of the continent. A thorough examination of the
country, a comparison of observations, and a se
lection of the most elligible route for an immediate
instrumental survey are objects aimed at. This
corpse will be independent of that of the United
States Topographical Engineers, tube sent out this
enrnmer by (Government in compliance with an act
of Congress, for the purpose of surveying the va
rious proposed routes tor a Railroad to the Pacific.
A geologist it is proposed, will accompany this
private expedition, who will collect information
touching the soil, climate, mineral and other char
■eteristica es the country.
The chief object of the expedition will be the
thorough survey of the mountain rat ge, which, at
the South i’aaa of the Rocky Mountain*, at about
42X deg. of north )attitude, is said by the oppo
neuta of a railroad to the Pacific to present insur
mountable obstaclea. This terra incognita, if it
presents a passage for a rai'road, undoubtedly will
possess much importance for the advocates of a
railroad to tne Pacific to run in a northwesterly di
rection from St. Louis.
The Republican concludes ita article by urging
the necessity of sending this party of engineers
immediately to the field of their labors, and there
fore a sum sufficient for tbeir outfit and expenses—
they asking nothing more—should be raised im
mediately by the citizen* of Bt. Louis.
The fit. Louis Intelligencer opposes this survey,
as that psper is of the opinion that a more South
ern route than one to enter Oregon by t e South
Pass, should be patronized by St. Louis. The
route which would be of most advantage to that
city is either Fremont’s, so highly recommended
bv Senator lienton, or one more central, through
K#w Mexico. Fremont's route may bo very good
at both euda and very bad in the middle. The
rote for this road, which at the shortest, says the
Intelligenoer, is twenty-two hundred miles long,
is tho route to be adopted, and the route proposed
by Fremont, may carry the traveller, starting from
Missouri, from three to flvebundred mile* out of
his route.
Tho Intelligencer insists that the Albuquerque
route in Now Mexioo is the most desirable one tor
the interests of Missouri. In supporfof thisopin
ion, it publishes the following letter from a gentle
man in whose experienoe and credibility the paper
jj.es all reliance:
Wasiiinoton. Feb. 4,1858.
g IB ._I have the honor of replying as follow* to
your note of the 2d inst., making certain inquiries
regarding the pr.HCtieability of building, and the
best location for the proposed Pacific Railroad,that
I think itis perfectly practicable, and the best route
will be found by going into the valley of the Rio
Grande at Alburquerque, and thence crossing over
by the Monei village* and Little Colorado river
to Walker’s Pass in the Sierra Nevada, and from
thence down the San Joaquin Valley to San Fran
cisoo.
I have croaaed from New Mexioo to California
by four different routes, viz: Cook’* Sonora route,
the Salt River route, that recently followed by
Capt.Sitgreave'* party, and Ihe old Spanhth trail;
and the one 1 have before described, (Capt. Bit-
f [reave’*) is, in my opinion, decidedly the beat. It
s shorter, more direct, and ha* more timber and
level country, fewer mountain*, more cultivated,
and perhaps more eultivatable land than any other
route.
I have trapped on nearly every stream between
Cook's route and the Great Sa't Lake, and am well
acquainted with tho region of country between
those places.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Antoine Leboux.
Hon. William 11. Howard.
Wo before suggested that a corpso of engineer*
ahould be sent out by thi* city or State to survey
the route to the Pacific most conducive to the in
terests of New Orleans, Louisiana and the South.
Ho doubtour sister States of Arkansas,Texas and
Mississippi would bo willing to participate in the
expense of such an expedition, if it were sent out
ipeejilv, with a prospect of making a report by
next fall. The four routes proposed by Congress
will be surveyod by the U. 8. Topographical Engi
neers, and any co-operation by other corpse of
surveyors will materially assist in the completion
of their labors, and in the early decision of Con
gress on tho vexed question.—iV. 0. Pic.
fjorretpondtnee of the Savannah Georgian.
Georgia Baptist State Convention.
Atlanta, April 23,1853..
Mteere £fitor»: —Your numerous renders in
town end connti’ v . in many instances, may desire
to know something $ 1,10 doing* of tho Georgia
Baptist Bute Convention, now in session in this
city. This large Ecclesiastic.? 1 body organized yes
terday morning at 10 o'olock, u.® Hon. lhonias
Stocks, Moderator of lust yoar, i>res. , ' ,l,, fy An*
introductory *■ rmon was prcaohod by tho i.® v < “•
F. Tliarpo, ot Houston county. It it is proper Id
characterize sermons, In such a connection a* this,
it is not too much to suy, that Mr. Tharpo’a dis
course, for weight of thought, felicity of diction,
aud singula-ly proper adaptation to the occasion,
wii« in all respect* s model.
The permanent officers for the ensuing year
were elected in the morning session, Mr. Stocks,
os usual, being appointed Moderator. The con
stituency of this convention, represented by dele
gates, embrace some 720 Churches aud about 60,-
Oun oh ti roll members—while there are in thisStalo
no less than 488 Churches not represented, con
taining some 16,000 members.
In the evening tho Convention gave place for
the sixth Anniversary of the Southern Baptist
publication Sooioty. The death of Dr. M. T.
Mendenhall, the first and hitherto tho ouly Presi
dent of this Society, having reeontly occurred, tho
vaouncy was filled by the oloction of James Tup
por, Esq., of Charleston. The publishing houso
of this S.ioio.’v is iu tbut city, and the distributing
branches Biid’ocdnorteurs are scattered at various
points over the 'Southern country. Besides tho
great amount of re-print* and publications of
Othor Societies and publishing houses, this South
ern Society, in tho past year, has published no less
than 23,000 books, amounting to 7,769,000 pages.
The large siioooss of this Society Is surprising oven
to its friends.
Tho sessions of this Convention will oor tinuo
till Tuesday—the variety of objects, tho grout
number of members, nnd consequently of speak
ers, tnuking it imprßOticablo to urrivo at results
with tho utmost dispatoh. But, as everything
nearly is yet to bo done, you may oxpocl a sum
' mary of tlio doings ut the close ot the Convention.
Yours truly, Savannah.
OorrttponiUnc* of the Savannah Courier.
Atlanta, April, 22, 1858.
The Baptist Convention of tho State of Goorgia
oasembiAa according to appointment.
The introductory sermon was preuohed by tho
Rev. B. F. Thitrpo.'
After the appo'.’itmont of T. W. Wilkes, I’. J.
Burney, E. W. Warren and W. p. Atkinson, as a
Committee on Credentials, ftdjountod to half-past
2 o’clock, I’. M. , _ „
Halt-Past 2 o’clock, P. M.
Tho Committee on Credentials made * report.
The oommittoo for tho nomination of office* lor
tho ensuing your, recommended tho following, and
tho report was uocop ed :
Hon. Thomas Stocks, Moderator; R. H. Mell,
Clork, and Charles H. Still wall, Assistant Clerk.
Appointed as a Committoo on Business, V. R.
Thornton, W. H. Stocks, J. K. Callaway, G. W.
Epps, and Mosoa Brinson.
Committee on preaching, W. H. Kobort, T. J.
Burney, M. A. Cooper, W. 11. Stokes, H. Coo, and
1. O. McDaniel.
On motion, it was voted that this body, during
tlielr session, will oouveno every day at 9 o’olook,
A. M., halt-past 2, P. M., and adjourn at 12, M.,
and at 6, P. M.
Invited ministers of our own, and othor 00-ovan
gcllcal denominations, to Bouts with us. Invita
tions accepted by brethren Eli Ball, J. 8. Don
nard, E. Slrodo, W. U. Clarke, and J. J. Wallace.
Culled for Correspondents, when there appeared
from tho Alabama Convention, brother W. H. Mc
lutoah; from the general Association of Esßt Ten
nessee, brethren W. Wood, K. Snead, and W. 8.
Callaway.
Appointed Correspondents to the Alabama Con
voution —J. E. Dawson, T. W. Wilkes, J. W. Wil
son, J. M. Wood.
South Carolina Convention—Kainboaut Tustin,
W. 11. Stokes, J. Harris, W. J. Harley, and W. H.
Robert.
Union Association—S. Sisk, Gresham M. M.
Landey, A. Wobb, T. M. Haygood, 1.1. Loudle
milk, and I). 11. Moncrief.
General Association of Tonnosseo—E. Dyer,
Buford, G. W. Sclvidge, J. W. Wilson, 11.
A. Wilburns, T. M. Haygood, und M. A. Cooper.
M.
Georgia Baptist Convention.
Thi* vory large and influential body of Chris
tians have just lteld their Annual Convention in
this city. About two hundred Miuistera wore
in attendance, and tho proceedings of the Con
vention were ontiroly harmonious and full of in
terest. Very instructive and able discourses have
beeu delivered in our various ohurohes, large
numbers of our citizons attending the delibera
tions of the Convention. During the session a
strong resolution was adopted against intemper
ance.
On Saturday an adjournment took place, in or
der to afi'ord Rev. li. R. Gurley, of Washington
City, to tnako au address in behalf of African
Coliiiization.
A considerable interest appeared to be excited
on tho subject of Liberia and Colonization.
The meeting in behalt of the publications of the
Convention was largely atteedeu, and soveral im
pressive speeches made on tho occasion.
The missiou to Central Africa (from an ex
ploration of which country the Kcv. J. T. Bow-on
has recently returned,) attracted earnest attention
aud awakened a profound interest. Mr. Bowen,
wc learn, is a native of the country, and having
vjsitcd Yarriba, a region somo two hnudred milos
in the interior of Alriea, north of Lagos and a lit
tle west of the Niger—a region high, salubrious,
fruitful and beautiful, whore there is a large popu
lation, with some knowledge of agriculture and
the arts, believing in ono God and with many
good moral rules of conduct, quite hospitable, in
habiting large cities 'if from ten to fifty thousand
souls, ready and anxious to welcome to their homes
Christian teachers—he is «Oon to re urn to that
oonntry with several M ssionary brethren, who,
with him, are dedicating their live* to the cause of
religion in Africa. We understand that Mr. Bow
en's statements awakened a good deal of interest
in regard to Afriea He fully confirms the tacts set
forth iu Mr. Gurley’s report’on Liberia.
[.•fffdnfu Intelligencer.
MONTCOMIKT AND PENSACOLA RAILROAD Sl'S
(«inios or #250,000 at Pensacola.— The citizens
of Pensacola, ou Monday, the 18th inat., in public
meeting, agreed to instruct the Mayor and Conocil
to subscribe #250,000 to the Florida and Alabama
Railroad. The large majority of the citizens were
present, and the vote was unanimous. The sub
seription was made next day by the municipal au
thorities, and the Mayor was also instructed, we
learn from tbo Democrat, “ to appoint delegates to
meet the citizens of Montgomery on the Ist of
May neit, for the purpose of agreeing with them
on the ways and means tc bring this undertaking
to completion.” It also appears that the books
for general subscription for private stock by citi
xons were opened on the 20th, and the Democrat
Bays “ we arc glad to state that our citizens seemed
very zealous and interested in this matter, l’ri
vaie subscriptions on jesterday (the first day only)
amount to a pretty good sum. There is no doubt
that the ball i» in motion no*. Keep it going.”
The action of the city of Pensacola is most lib
eral and ahows an enthusiastic earnestness. We
trust our city will not allow itself to be outdone in
determined spirit to aoeoomplish this important
movement, ft is desirable that there should be an
early meeting of oar citizens— ItmUgonurg Jour.
A KorsD Salart.—A gentleman has been ap
rgsinted Agent of the Panama Rnilrond Company
it a salary of #*o,oooa year; in udditioti to which
four l .nsuranoe Companies bare agreed to pay him
#lO 000 each a year—-malting #40,0n0. Total
amount of salary-'per annum, cm hundred thou
tand dollars' This gentlemen takes out letters of
credit to draw for* one million a month on account
of golddnst, and h** one fourth interest in the
profits. On the wholtf, including salary and busi
ness, we think this gentleman might manage to
xn&ke both ends meet. — KMt&ty Mirror .
Cretinism in England. —A new work has ap
peared, on “Cretine and Idiota,” in which it is
its ted that Idiocy and goitre prevail in England to
an nncredited extent, and that cretinism of the
most undoubted kind ex blb-there as truly in the
Alps and the Andes. Various parts of Yorkshire,
Herefordshire, Derbyshire, Somersetshire, and
many towns are afflicted in this manner. Settle,
(In "Yorkshire,) ia one of the localities where
cretinism prevails. InSilverdale there are eleven
oreting in one family. Oldham is another afflicted
Slace. At Chiaelborougb, Dr. Guggenbuhl, the
wise physician, who has made the discovery of
these facts, saw 82 cretins in a village of 800 in
ti ftbiuutte, a proportion of more then ten per cent.
The Glrarfi Will Case.
In the United States Circuit Court, at Philadel
phia, on Wednesday, Judge Grier refused a mo
tion for a new trial in the case of the heirs of the
Girard estate v*. the city of Philadelphia; in
which caae the jury had given a verdict for the
plaintiffs. This decision gives to the heir* eleven
tracts of coal land in Shnylkill oounty valued at
one million of dollars. The question involved
was whether, under the laws of Pennsylvania, a
will devising all the real estate of the testator con
vey* to the devisee lande purchaMd by the testator
after the will is executed. The has decided
that it does not. J udge Grier says:
“The reason why after-purchased lands do not
pass by a will, even though the testator has ex
pressed clearly hi* wish or intention that they
should, is not because such a purchase is a revoca
tion of the will, but because a will U in the nature
of a conveyance or an appointment of a particular
estate, and consequently the testator most have
the power to dispose at the time the will is exe
cuted. Hence a devisee of land, though it operate
in future, can pass only such interest or estate as
the testator had at the time, and continued to
have till bis decease. Like a grant of all a man's
estate and interest without warranty or oonvenant
of title, it is no estoppel against the grantor or hia
heir.
“ Thus, if a man having an equitable estate in
land devise it, and afterwards pnrchsse the legs!
title, the letter will descend ti bis heir; but equity
will not hold him as a trustee for the devisee of
the equitable or usufructory estate. On the con
trary, if the testator have but the legal estate at the
time he makes his will, and afterwards purchases
the equitable estate, the devisee of the legal estate
will he held as trustee for the heir to whom the
after-pu‘chased equitable estate descends. There
is no extinguishment of the after purchased title
for the sake of enlarging the devise, and the heir
is not estopped from averring that the devisee took
ju-tsuch estate or title *a tbe testator had at the
dale ot the execution of hia will. Nor can the
distinction taken by the learned counsel between
title and estate avail to establish a difference in
the present case. A man who has neither pos
session nor right has no estate in tbe land. He
who has nothing can convey nothing. * * *
“ The principles laid down by the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania in the oase reported 4
Kawle, 882,836 conclusively overrule the positions
advanced by defendants, and leave their case with
out a foundation on which to rest. It is there de
cided that tho “ question whether after-purchased
lands pass by a previous devise docs not depend
on tbe intention of tbe testator; that a will iaa
species of conveyance, and operates only as re
gards the disposing power and capacity ot the tes
tator at the time of its execution, insomuch os to
require his power over tbe estate to be perfect at
tbe time; that the act of disposition must be com
plete in every respect at the performance of ft;
that a testator, like any other grantor, cannot give
what he has not; and, finally, that a subsequent
purchase giving the land to the testator is repug
nant to the import of the devise which would give
it to the devisee, and therefore not to be intended
to have been in subservience to the will.”
“These principles rule this case conclusively,
Dot only as regards the nine tracts to which the
testator had no title whatevor, and no estate by
seisin or disseisin, but also as regards the other
two, which, though tbcD sold under the Nicholson
line, were not conveyed till after the codicil. As
to the latter, the testator bad at tbe time of making
his will the bare possession, as tenant at will or
sufferance, not in hostility to the purchaser at the
sale. This estate was liable to be defeated at any
moment, by execution of the deed, which would
operate by relation to the original sale. Mr.
Girard, by the purchase and completion of this
title, defeated and put ud end to the uncertain
possessor’s estate, or right held by him at the time
of his devise.
“ No case can be found where the purchase of
u fee simple estate, after a devise, has been held
in subservience to the object of the will, because
at tho time of making it the testator had some
worthless or protended claim to it. The law favors
the heir at law, and has devised no fictitious ex
tinguishment or estoppel to bar Mb claim a*
against the pretended or doubtful claim of the
devisee.”
Inhalation in Consumption.— Tie following card
appear* in the National Intelligenoer, addressed to
the editors of tliat paper.
Influenced by a sense of the duty I owe to man
kind, I would respectfully request the insertion in
your valuable paper of the following statement of
my sister’s illness and her reoovery from consump
tion. During the fall of 1861 she was violently
uffectcd with cold, followed by a disagreeable
coneii, which continued some months, being in
creased by each additional cold. In Jannary, 1852,
asovere pain commenced in the left side and re
gion of the heart, accompanied with a violent
cough, night and day. Such was the severity of the
cough and the distress arising from a suffocating
sensation on lying down, that she was compelled
to sleep bolstered up ill bed. There was great dif
ficulty in breathing,tliiok yellow matter was cough
ed up from the lungs, occasionally mixed with
blood, and towards tho latter part of February
nearly half a pint a day. Iler strength was wast
ed, there was great oppression of the ohest, with
u rattling sound in breathing. Her face was flush
ed w )th hectic fever, and the eyes burned with a
peculiar brilliancy. Under such circumstances wo
could not doubt that her lung* were very much
ullecled, and we had no hope of her leeovory.
Such wu» her stato at the close of February, with
the symptomß increasing in violence, when she
commenced inhaling “medioated vapors” under
the direction of Dr. Hunter, and Dr. Wellesley, his
assistant. Wo had not long to wait for evidences ot
improvement. The cougli soon beoame less se
vere, tho mutter was raised from the lungs in large
quantities without much effort, the oppression in
breathing went off, hectio fever disappeared, her
rest became confortable, and her appetite and
strength returned. In a month she was out of
danger, and in two perfectly reatored to health. A
year has since elapsed and she oontinues free from
all tracoH of disease.
This floppy roanlt wo foel was du* entirely to
theuseoftbo inhalation; and undor this convio
tion feel it to be our duty to proclaim it to the
world, and this 1 deem will be a sufficient excuse
for asking fer thiß letter a place in your widely
circulated paper.
Your obedient sorvant,
Frederick Andrews,
Dunbarton ..troet, Georgetown.
Georgetown, D. C., April 25, 1858.
American Inventive Genius—Weatino of
Brooatkllb. —The ingenuity of our countrymen
baa achiovod tho triumph of weaving thia ologant
sort of tapestry goods by power looms, which are
now in operation at Ilumphreysville, Conn. The
Journal and Courier (New Haven) thus speaks of
tho enterprise:
“Tito adaptation of hoavy machinery to tho pro
duction of ailk goods, is a Btrido in manufactures
whioh only thoso can appreciate who are familiar
with'the business. During tlireo years of patient
toil, In tho faoo of difficulties which seemed insur
mountable, and aurrounded by discouragements
wbioli would have broken tho spirit of ordinary
mou, tho projectors of this enterprise have moved
steadily forward with au unfailing confidence iu
thoir ultimate success; and wo are rejoiced to learn
their labors are being crowned with a rioh reward,
exceeding their mostsangaiue expectations.”
The fubrio they manufacture has boon brought to
great perloction; and a largo demand, greater than
their present facilities can supply, is pressing upon
them from tho larger marls of trade. Biglow’s cel
ebrated power-loom, the use of whioh is confined
to this oompany, has been adapted to this work by
the ingouuity of Mr. J. P. Humaston, to whom
alone tho credit is dne for the introduction of this
new branch of inauulaoturo; and, so nioely is the
machinery balanced, that the breaking of a single
thread, though scarcely larger than a twisted
spider’s wob, throws tho whole machinery out of
gear, and all tho wheels, shuttles ai d pulliea are
brought to a dead stand, that the thread may be
mended. Indeed bo ingeuionß is the adaptation,
it sooms almost to prostrato human intelligence.
Tho company arc using only original designs,
nnd so complicated ure some of these, it requires
eight thousand cards, each perforated with from
twenty to seventy holes, every one of which are
worked through tho harness of the loom, to repre
sent a few inches of tho fabrio oorreotly. Mr.
Hnmaaton has invonted a oard outtor, with which a
child can perforin ns much labor in a week, aa two
men can m a month without it; and thia enables
them to be prodica! in now designa. For a hun
dred years tnose goods have been made in Europe,
but ouly on the old fashion hand loom, and one
yard per day is considered a fair day’s work there,
even at tho present time. On theso power looms
a girl can weavo six yards per dsy, of better
fabric than any German goods imported, nnd al
most equal to tho best French Brocatollea.”
Tribute to the late Vice President.
Executive Department, Ga., 1
Milledgeville, April 26, 1858. j
Tho melancholy intelligence of the death of the
Hon. William R.’King, late Vice President of the
United States, has been received at thi* Depsrt
ment. As a testimonial of respeot to the memory
of a worthy man and distinguished statesman, who
lmd just been called by the voice of his fellow
citizcus to the second highest office of the Repub
lie—
It U ordered , That rudb be fired on Capitol
Square oil to-morrow (Wednesday/) from sunrise
to sunset, at regula* intervals of half au hour.
2d. That tho various offices of the Executive
Department be closed on that day.
Bd. That the entrance to the Capitol bo hung in
mourning for thirty days.
4th. That the different Executive Officers weat
crape ou the left arm for thirty days, and that it be
recommended to all the Officers of the btatc, both
civil and military, to wear the like badge for the
same period. Howell Cobb.
By the Governor:
’Arthur II od, Sec’y. Ex. Dept.
Iron Works at Loudon. —It affords us much
pleasure to ho ahlo to aunonuce that a company
has boon tormod to go into the manufacture of
Iron at this point. The necessary Machinery will
bo ordered at ouce, and the most energetic mea
sures taken to erect the necessary buildings, so
that in the course of six or eight months we may
expect to have an Iron Rolling Mill in fall blast!
T>'is will add to the prosperity of our flourishing
town, aud open the w*ty tor other branches of
Manufactories. We could name a number of en
terprises which might bo made profitable at this
point both to capitalists and to the community at
large. Possessing the advantage both of the
River and Railroad and in the midst of a good
farming country, provisions could always be had
at fair prices apil in abundance. So that very near
ly any kind of manufactories would do well here.
—Press.
Thk Cahtnkt.—The Washington correspondent
of the N. V. Tribune writes—
<« The Cabinet is a unit only agaiust the Presi
dent. The members have formed a league to sus
tain each other. Marot is fully re-established.—
It is certain that Pierce will allow him to make all
the foreign appointments. No man hostile to
Marcy can receive even a Consulate. The pres
sure on the President has exhausted hia patience,
and he gives notice to the Union to-day that he
will receive visitors but three times a week, and
then but for the limited space of two hours, thus
transferring all the power to the Cabinet. Mercy’s
influence is regarded of more consequence than
the President's. Pieree has not energy enough to
save his frieiffls lYom slaughter. Marcy got hia
friend Borland to a full mission, as he will his
friends Wood, of Ohio, Meade, of Virginia, aud
Trousdale, ol Tennessee.”
Tns Wbeat Croc.—We hear very enoouraging
news from the surrounding country respecting the
Wheat Crop. More than usual has been sown,
and the prospect now is favorable to an extraordi
nary yield. It is the opinion of some with whom
we have conversed, that if present prospects are
realised, there will be autficient produced to bread
the whole white population.— QriJ/in Union.
Rain and Hail Storm. —We are informed, by a
gentleman who lives about five miles southwest of
this place that on Monday evening last, a very se
vere rain, wind and bail storm occurred in that
neighborhood, doing injury to several houses and
the growing crop.— Abbeeule (S. 6.) Banner, 2 &tH
trot
Hr iscoeALiANS in Pennsylvania.— The Episcopal
Recorder calls attention to the fact that in some
parte of Pennsylvania where Episcopal churches
once flourished they have so completely faded
away that their very "existence has become'a tradi
tion". This region,"too, is within a hundred miles
ot two great cities, where as the Recorder says, the
church is found rolling in wea'lh and affluence.—
Methodist and other churcbea flourish in these lo
calities, we are told, everywhere, and the whole
population is religious.
Washington is a thrangplac , or has been so for
the past six weeks. Aoout thirty thousand offlee
seekers have viaited there with the hope of getting
places. About oue in thirty succeeded.
The President and Heads of Departments, it is
said, had to assume roundabouts to enable them to
pass/com their ojheee to their hoarding houses. The
press was so great that so long aa they wore coats
the applicants hung on with such pertinacity that
locomotion was absolutely impossible.— Carroll
Frte Prtee.
From the A*. O. Picayune, 26W ufl. •
Later From Mexico.
The steamship Texas arrived yesterday from
Vera Crux, on her return from the first trip un
der the mail contract between that port and our
city.
Tbe Texas arrived at Vera Crux on Sunday,
tbe 17th inst., making the run down from here
in seventy hours. The return voyage was msde
in sixty-six hours, being the shortest trip on re
cord.
On the l»th inst., st 4 o’clock, P. M., s despatch
arrived in Vera Crux to the agent. Mr.C. Msrkoe,
advising him that the Albatross had gone ashore
the preceding night on the Cabexas, a reef, ten
miles from the shore, and about twenty-six mile*
from the city; that six of the passengers had
succeeded in reaching the shore, and were in
groat distress from the impossibility of getting
*'a! daylight, on Thursday morning, Capt. Law
less, ot tbe steamship Texas, got up steam and
preceded to the aoene of the disaster, hopiDg to
be able to save the lives of the passengers, and
perhaps the ship; but on arrival there, found tbe
passengers ami crew had left, sod the ship had
slid oil the reef where she had first struck and was
nearly out of sight.
The Captain of the Port, together with two
pilots and custom-house officers, preceded in tbe
Texas, in order that should any necessity arise be
might be able to act in his official capacity, and
after being absent tbe greater portion of the day,
the Texas returned without having had the op
portunity of rendering anv servioe.
The people of Vera Cruz are highly pleased
with the establishment of this new line of mail
steamers, and with the pioneer of the line, the
Texas.
Capt. Lawless, in a card published in the Echo
del Comercio, of the 19th inst., invited the officials
and inhabitants of the city to visit bis ship, a liieh
invitation was accepted by very many, and all re
turned delighted with her.
Messrs. Harris & M' rgan sent down a special
agent in the Texas, in order to make the necessa
ry mail arrangement*, and he called on all the
prinoipal merchants, who expressed their willing
ness and desire to do everything in their power to
make the line successful.
Santa Anna arrived in the city of Mexico on
Sunday morning, the 17th inst., amidst the re
joicings of the inhabitants, who testified by their
manner the great joy they experienced at his re
turn.
The whole city was brilliantly illuminated at
night, and amidst the boomiDg of cannon «nd
firing of rockets, their new chief resumed his
power.
We have received our files of Mexican papers
to the 18th inst. from the city of Mexico and to
the 22d from Vera Crux. We translate the fol
lowing items.
Tbe Bame paper has the following account of the
loss of the Albatross :
“On Monday night, at midnight, running with
good weather, the AlabatroßS struck on the Cabe
zas reef, nine leagues from this port. She was
from New York with some freight and fourteen
passengers. The crew and passengers took to the
boats at day break on Tuesday morning and laud
ed at Anton Lizardo. Shortly after the ship was
abandoned, the hull disappeared under water.
The steamcrTexas and several boat* that went to
the scene of the wreck to sec what could be saved
found no traces ot the Albatross. The passengers
who have lost all their luggage, reached here yes
terday by land, and have protested against the cap
tain, to whom they attribute their disaster.”
Santa Anna’s reception along the road from Vera
Cruz to Mexico is said to have been most enthusi
astic. Triumphal arches were erected at the dif
ferent towns and he was everywhere received with
acclamations, firing of cannon, ringing 6t bells,
burning of fireworks and other demonstrations of
joy. On Friday, the 15th inst., ho arrived at
Guedalupe, where it was supposed he would re
main until the next Tuesday, when he would make
a public entry into the capital.
It was supposed he would form his Cabinet
while at Guadalupe. Ab yet no indication had
been given as to who would bo named. The Siglo
recommends the following list: Foreign Relations,
Jose Maria Tornel; Justice, Theodosio Lares;
Treasury, Luis dels Rosa; War, Gen. Almonte.
Gen. Lombardini had created the post of Captain
General of Land aud Sea, with a alary of *12,000
a year, and had named Santa Anna to that post.
Santa Anna declined the honor.
The Monitor save it does not recommend any
person for the Cabinet, because to judge from ap
pearances the occupants should be angels.
The Instructor says that the Monitor aud Siglo
have commenced a moderate opposition to Sants
Anna, but with so much timidity it should think
they percoivcdthoodorof the prisons of Perotc
and Matamoras.
It is said a statute of Gen. Santa Anna is to be
erected in the Square of Tucubaya.
The proclamation of Gov. Lane, of New Mexi
co, relative to the boundary, and the reply of Gov.
Trias, was taken to the city of Mexico in eight and
a halt days by express. They had caused much
excitement. Governor Trias’s reply to Governer
Lano takes tho ground that the northern bound
ary of Chihuahua had formerly been much far
ther north than at present; that tho treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo had removed it much farther,
south; that oven if the territory claimed was dis
puted territory, it had been always in peaceable
possession of Mexico ; that the argument that the
respective Governments are not bound by the pro
ceedings of the Boundary Commission is fallacious:
and that besides having been for time immemorial
in possession of Mexico, it is now inhabited by
people who emigrated there from Now Mexico be
cause they wished to continue Mexicans. He says
further, that even if some of the people did wish to
change the soverignty of tho soil, they had no right
to do it; and that so far as protection from the
Indians iB concerned, the Mexican Government had
done at least as much as Ihe United States has
done. Gov. Trias concludes by asking Gev. Lano
if he has power to declare war.
It had been rumored in Mexico that a body of
Mexican troops sent out by Gov. Trias had been
defeated by Col. Kern. This rumor was subse
quently oontradieted; and the Mexican papers
state that J udge Conkling had given the President
assurances that the U. S. Government would dis
claim Gov. Lane’s acts.
It was said that Gon. Uragahad sent in the re
signation of bis commission, and would leave the
army definitely. Ho had been transferred from tho
misson to Spain to that of Prussia, and Senor
Vivo, late Mexican Consul at Havana, had been ap
pointed to Spain. [Senor Vivo has been many
years Mcxioan Consul at Havana, and accompanied
Santa Anna from that place on his late return. His
appointment to Spain would Bcem jo give some
color to the rumors of an understanding between
Santa Anna and tho Spanish
Pic.]
Tho Mexioan papers publish the contract enter
ed into by tho State of Osjaca with the Sloo Com
pany, relative to their interest in tho Tehnantepeo
Railroad. Oajaca agrees to take stock to the
amount of SIOO,OOO, to be paid for in land, labor
of free persons, and cash. The oompany gives
further shares to tho amount of $50,000, in con
sideration ot which tho Stato agrees to settle all
local difficulties.
In tho papers of the City of Mexico it is stated
that Gen. Lombardini had' discounted the remain
ing payments from the Tehuantepec Company, at
the rate of 25 per cent. It is also said that ho made
a financial operation with some drafts on the clergy
of Morelia, which ho sold at a discount of \% per
oent. a month ; but when the calculation was made
tho Government bad something to pay, instead ot
to receive. The affair was arranged by the pur
chaser paying $70,000 for drafts to the amount of
$270,000. , . , . ,
Tho mint at Guadalajara coinod in the month of
March $8,896 in gold $518,900 in silver.
Complaints Btill existed in different parts of the
oountry of the forced reoruiting system.
Gon. Arista having heard that he was implicated
in the Falconnet affair has requested an examina
tion of the matter.
On the 14th inst. an artesian well was opened in
the city of Mexico whioh gave an abundant Bupply
of water. „ , _ , .
The assassins of Gov. Reyes, of San Luis, were
likely to be brought to justice. A deserter had
been arrested who made some Important revela
tions.
The Siglo states that fifteen States and tlireo
Territories are in favor of the federal system, and
only seven States appoar disposed to adopt any
other form of Government.
Gon. Woll toek the command at Tampico on
tho Bth inst. By order of Santa Anna another re
inforcement had boon ordered to Matamoros.
A telegraphic despatch received at Vera Cruz
from Orizaba, states that a disturbance had occur
red there, causod by the tobacco monopoly.
Letters from Mszatlun announces a sorrowful
stato of affairs there. Tho smugglers do just as
they like, Gov. Valdes having neither power nor
support to arrest thorn.
The last advices from Yucatan, received at tho
cify of Mexioo, represent the war with the Indians
on tho Peninsula as assuming a very alarming
character. Santa Anna’s attention will be im
mediately directed to the matter.
President Lombardini, before retiring from
office, ordered that all robbers caught, shall be
tried by a military court, and if found guilty pun
ished summarily. The robbers are very bad in
Mexico, but the soldiers in the city, at least, ap
pear to bo as bad as the thieves.
The Echo del Comercio announces tho arrival at
Vera Cruz of the first steamboat built in the United
States for the navigation of the lakes and lagoons
in the valley of the city of Mexico. It is all in
iron, of a flat build, and divided into three parts
to facilitate its transportation to the capital.
The Commissioners appointed to draw the
boundary lino between Moxieo and the territory a
of the United States, have been, ever since their
organization, in a state ofex'romo penury. The
head of the commission has been robbed by the
Government oscort, and abandoned by them
among the Indians on the tronticr.
Mr. Butterfield, civil engineer, has arrived in
Mexcico. He is to have tho superintendence of
the construction of the railroad from the city of
Mexico to Tlalpam. Tho work is to be commenced
speedily.
Texas News.
On Thursday 21st April there was to be a grand
railroad celebration at Harrisburg, the occasion
being the opening of five miles of the Harris
burg, Brazos and Colorado railroad. Thursday
was the anniversary of the battle of San Ja
cinto. The triumph of Texan arms, and also of
Texan enterprise in the construction of the first
five miles of the first railroad in Texas would thus
be celebrated at the same time.
Tho Victoria Advocate is assured that the San
Antonio and Gulf Railroad will be in complete bu
siness order to Victoria in February next. .
The Austin State Gazette of the 16th instant
says :
The indians are becoming decidedly hostile and
daring in tbeir depredations on the frontier along
the upper Brazos. On tho 27th of March Major
Sibley had a difficulty with the Wacoes, and more
recently a part of Wichitas, having come in at
Fort Belknap, were detained as prisoners, two
being sent back to bring in some stolen horses.—
At night the chief, after murdering his own wife
and child, rose upon the guard with all his warri
ors nine in number. The sentinel on guard was
instantly killed and another soldier wounded.—
The chief was killed, but all his warriors escaped.
This shows that the Indians are driven to the ex
treme of desperation and we may expect bloody
work on the frontier. — H. O. Picayune.
State Memorial in Honor of Daniel W kbster.
—ln the House of Representatives yesterday af
ternoon, Mr. Emerson, of Great Barrington, from
the Joint Special Committee, to whom was referred
ao much of the Governor’s message as related to
the deaths of distinguished persons, and also an
order concerning the procurement of a portrait or
other proper memorial of Daniel Webster for the
Commonwealth, reported as follows:
“ Resolve providing for a permanent memorial in
honor's Daniel Webster: Resolv'd, That, in token
of tho’appreo'iation by the Commonwealth of the
invaluable service rendered by Daniel Webster to
his country, for a period of more than forty years,
daring the greater portion of wbioh time he was
the adopted son of Massachusetts, and, as a tribute
of her people to his patriotism, eloquence, genius
and statesmanship —often and powerfully display
ed In the illustration and defence of the constitu
tional principles of republican government, and to
the renown of the American name throughout the
world —his excellency the Governor be authorized
and requested, with consent of council, to ap
point an honorary commission, who shall cause an
appropriate monumental statue in his memory to
be executed in marble by so American artist, and
to be placed in a suitable position in the State
Honae, and that the sum ot ten thousand dollars
be hereby appropriated for this purpose, and that
warrants be arawu therefor by the GoVCrnCXj as
may be required by said oommission.”
Tha raport is signed bv Senators Alfred A. Ab
bott of Danvers, G. Washington Warren of
Charlestown, and Representatives Otis P. Lord of
Salem. Charles N. Emerson of Great Barrington,
Joseph Duncklee of Brighton, Francis Boyd of
Boston, and Lucian Marcv of Southbridge. It
was ordered to be printed.— Boston Tran s. 27th.
It is announced in the New-York papers that
#IBB,OOO have been subscribed, and twenty-five
per cent, paid in for the erection of a new opera
house, to be readv for Grisi and Mario’s visit in
Deotmher. Only #12,000 remain to be subscribed.
From the Savannah Courier of Friday.
Our Military Gueiia.
We are inclined to think that the first of May
is likely to be a d»y long to be remembered by
the citizens of Savannah. The festival commences
tbis morning by the reception of the Oglethorpe
Infantry, Captain Andrew J. Miller, from Augus
ta. The guests are expected to arrive about 10
o’clock, A. M., and will be received at the Eastern
end of Bay street, by the Republican Blues, Capt.
Anderson, and a Committee, composed of the
Commissioned Officers of the other Volunteer
Corps ofthe city.
We congratulate-the Officers and Members of
this ancient and prosperous Corps, upon their
good luck in obtaining this post of honor. It
was a post desired by all, and assigned to them
only by lot. We have no doubt that any of the
other Companies would have performed the ser
vice with equal alacrity and pleasure, had it been
their good fortune to win the position.
The Oglethorpe Infantn will be escorted from
the Steamer to the Drill Room of the Republican
Blues, where they will partake of a handsotne ool
lation furnished by that Corps ; after which they
will be escorted to their quarter* at the Marshall
House.
On Monday morning the Independent v olunteer
Batalion ofthe City will parade, under command
of Lieutenant Colonel Lawton ; after whioh they
will receive and escort their Military Guests
through the principal Streets of the City.
On their return to Bay street, the Battalion wnl
be drawn up in front of the Custom House, to wit*
ness the presentation of an elegant Standard to
totneDeKalb Riflemen, by Private Screven, m
behalf of of Ladiee of the City after which
the Corps will be dismissed to their several com
mands. _ ,
At 4 o’clock P. M., will be given a Grand Mili
tary Pic Nic, in honor to the Oglethorpe Infantry.
From what we have beard, this is likely to be one
ofthe most elegant and fashionable affairs that his
ever been wiinessed in our City—already renown
ed for such displays.
The Committee have made ample arrangements
for the comfort and pleasure of the Ladies. —
Without being at all exclusive, they have ao or
ganized the management, that the tastes of the
most fashionable and fastidious may be gratified.—
We confidently anticipate that the ooeaaion will be
one of the gayest and moat interesting ever wit
nessed in our goodly City, and trnst that the La
dies will not fail to be present in fall force, to greet
our friends from the interior.
We only regret that the invitations forwarded
to the several Volunteer Corps of the interior, at
Columbus, Milledgeville, Macon, and elsewhere,
were not accepted, as their presence here, on this
occasion would have added greatly to the interest
of our citizens, and we have do doubt to their
own pleasure. We hope to greet them on some
future festive occasion.
The Oglethorpe Infantry. —This fine Compa
ny, numbering fifty-five, rank and file, arrived
yesterday, on the steamer Oregon, a few minutes
after 10 o’clock, and were received bv the Repub
lican Blues, and the Commissioned Officers of the
several Volunteer Companies of the city. They
were escorted at once to their quarters, at the
Marshall House, and thence to the Drill Room of
the Blues, where they partook of refreshments.—
They presented a most imposing appearance, not
withstanding the fatigues of the trip, and the in
tense heat and dust ofthe day. On Monday, we
anticipate a magnificent display, especially if the
clouds will only dispense an enlivening shower in
the mean time.— Courier of Saturday.
The Oglethorpe Infantry of Augusts.
This crack corps, composed of the elite of our
sister city of Augusta, arrived at Savannah on
Saturday.
They will arrive in this city, we understand,
about one o’clock to morrow afternoon, in the Sa
vannah boat, from which they will be esoorted by
the Moultrie Guards, German Riflemen, Irish Vol
unteers, Union Light Infantry, and their hosts,
the Washington Light Infantry, to St. Andrew’s
Hall, from whenoe they will proceed to their quar
t ers at the Pavilion Hotel. In the evening at half
past eight o’clock, a sumptuous entertainment will
be given them by tho Washington Light Infantry,
at St. Andrew’s Ilall, and on the following morn
ing they will return to Augusta.
We do not often ask favors from any. more es
pecially from the ladies, but in view of this arrival
ot our military guests, we are embolflened to so
licit from our fair frieods such contributions of
flowers as they may be enabled to spare for that
hospitable company, the Washington Light In
fantry, who wish to decorate St. Andrew’s Hall
on the occasion, with floral offerings from the la
dies of our city. A Committee, wo understand,
from tho company will be in attendance at the
Hall all day to-morrow, where they will most
gratefully receive such boquets, wreaths and gar
lands ns may be kindly sent them. We are confi
dent this appeal will not be made in vain, aa the
gallantry of the Washington Light Infantry is no
less proverbial than their hospitality, and our la
dies will thus have an opportunity of testifying
their approval of their public spirit, in embracing
every occasion to welcom' their follow soldiers of
our sister State. — Charleston Courier, Id inti.
Mexican Frontier Indians. —Tho clause in the
treaty of Gaudalupo Hidalgo whioh bound the
United States to guard the Mexicans from the as
saults of Frontier Indians, was the most unfortu
nate that could have been admitted in such a docu
ment. It opened a Add for controversy. Mexico
had been annoyed by theso savages ever since the
earliest settlement in that quarter, aud any nego
tiator familiar with American history ought to have
avoided committing his government upon suoh a
subject, unless he expressly designed leaving a
sore spot between the nations which, at any mo
ment, might be excited to inflammation.
We learn that reclamations have been frequent
ly made upon our government, since 1848,’for loss
es caused by Indian forays over the Mexican bor
der.—Now, how are the comings and goings, the
doings and sayings, of these Arabs of our wilder
ness to be proved satisfactorily, so as to form the
basis of a troaty-claim? Who shall swear from
which side of the yet unknown bonndary they
came ? Are there any witnesses except the Mexi
cans? Who will prove the credibility of half the
frontier bandits and outlaws who are ready to tes
tify when any body is ready to pay ?
The Governments of New Mexico and Chihua
hua have, at various times, adopted measures a
gainst the Indians of the desert. An Irishman
named Kirker was engaged, by Chihuahua) some
ten years since, to equip a band of Delawares, with
which for a long timo he made deadly warfare a
tnong the Apaches. In 1850, a Texan called Glan
ton, was omployed with his party, by the same
State, to “ hunt tho Indians,” and faithfully did he
perform his task,—exterminating a whole tribe of
Apaches in one felt swoop,—until he began to cx
erciso his killing propensities quite too generally,
and was at last induced to leave the oountry.
At tho beginning of 1852, Colonel Lamberg, a
Dane, who had been in the Mexican servioe for
many years, was engaged by Chihuahua, to under
take tlie reconnoissance of the Eastern frontier.
In Coahuila ho found the notorious Florida negro,
Sam Jones, and Wild Cat, with his band of Semi
nolcs, all of whom he took into tho State’s service
and brought to the oapital for enlistment against
the savages. But tho authorities suddenl)Changed
their minds. Col. Lamberg was not employed to
load tho reoruits, and tho Florida heroes left Chi
huahna with suitable indignation, declaring that
“in the whoio Government they had not met one
single gentleman!”
Sueli was the Mexican defence of the moat ex
posed northern state, by these Dugald Dalgettys
and their soldiers of fortune. The old “military
colonies” established by the nation to subdue the
soil aud the savages, proved utter failures; and
now, tlie looal government has adopted a sort of
caew-killing-oontractrsystem, by which it hopes in
timo to free itself from the Apaches and Caman
ches. “ The government,” says a correspondent of
the Now York Tribune from Chihuahua, “pays
for every full grown male Indian, tilled or tahm
alive , a reward of S2OO. A scalp or a pair of ears
form the official proof in tht first can. For a fu'l
grown Indian woman, alive, I suppose, iKis under
stood, the reward is $l5O, for a boy taken alive
$l5O, for a boy billed SIOO Indian children taken
captive are placed by the Government in good fam
ilies. where they are as well educated as, nnder
the oommon circumstances here, can beexpeoted.
“ Tho girls generally remain and beoome good
servants; tlie boys usually run away aa soon aa
they have attained an ago which enables them to
do so.” — Baltimore American.
Railroad Accident. —We understand that an
accident occurred on Saturday afternoon to the
down train from Augusta and Hamburg at the
turn out about five miles from the city, the oars
having run off the track, and the engine being up
set thereby. We are gratified, however, to learn
that uo lives were lost, although the engineer Mr.
George Hall was thrown through the window of
the engine house and considerably cut and bruised.
The President of the Road H. W. Conner Esq,,
on hearing ofthe accident, immediately sent for a
physician who waß in attendance, wheu the train
arrived at the depot, which it did shortly after 4
o’clock, and paid every attention to the unfortu
nate sufferer. The physician informed ns yester
day that though severely injured, Mr.- Hall will in
all probability recover.
We regret to learn that another accident occur
red on the South Carolina Railroad yesterday
morning, about 17 miles from this city, to thedown
freight train from Augusta and Hamburg, in con
sequence of tho cars having been thrown off the
track by a cow that bad slipped thereon from Seat
tle train that had preceded it by whicn the condno
tor, Henry F. Stocker was, we understand, so se
verely bruised about the head as to require the at
tendance of a physician.— Ch. Our. 2nd inst.
Noble Deed. —A pair of horses attached to a
carriage, containing—as we are informed—three
children of Capt. John W. Anderson, took fright
this morning and rnn np Bronghton-street, at a
terrific pace. The driver was thrown from hia seat,
and such was the universal consternation that
prevailed, every one, paralyzed with affright. At
this juncture, A. F. Mera, a well known indivi
dual, who has lived in our city for many years,
left the side-walk and planting himself in the
path of the frantic nimals seized their bridles,
and after being dragged some distance upon the
ground, succeeded in arresting their flight. The
children icere rescued unharmed.
It gives us the gincerest pleasure to record this
noble deed, whose hero deserves the most exalted
praise for his cool, daring, and magnanimous for
getfulness of self. But for his bravery, the inci
dent might have had a truly mournful termination.
—Savannah Evening Journal.
Adulteration or Coffee. —The following para"
graph from a London paper will give our readers
an idea of the extent to which the adulteration of
certain articles is practiced in England:
“In the course of the proceedings in the Bank
rupt Court on Friday, some curious statements
were elicited in reference to the adulteration of cof
fee with chicory. The bankrupts had been very
large manufacturers of the so-called ‘ coffee,’ and
attributed their stoppage to the Treasury orders
prohibiting adulteration. In reply to questiona
from the Commissi'mer, they stated that when the
trade was in a healthy state, and they were able to
get 9d. to lOd. per lb. for their 80-oalled coffee,
they mado it up half chicory and half coffee; but
that when the competition of other houses (!) had
reduced the price, to 6d., it was made up 140z.0f
of chicory and 2 oz. of coffee to the pound. It was
not, however, asked how much chicory was in the
chicory.”
Jafan Expedition.— The N. T. Express says :
A singular fatality seems to hang over the Japan
Expedition. Intelligence has been received of an
accident to the steamer Susquehanna, which, it is
said, will probably disable her from proceeding
with the rest of the squadron. She broke her
shaft in February lsst, and it was doubtful wheth
er she would be’able to return home for repairs.—
tVe fear we « hall never hear of a government steam
er that has not broken down one way or another.
The New York Poet says:—The Vincennes, un
der the command of Commodore Ringgold, and
two or three of the other vessels belonging to the
squadron to explore the China Seas and Bhering’s
Straits, were vesterday bending sails, and are ex
pected to sail from the Brooklyn Navy Yard on
Fridav, for Norfolk Va. At the latter place fur
ther orders will be given to Commodore RiDggold
when the fleet will proceed to its destination.
Fire is Macon. —Through the politeness of Mr.
T. B. Clarke, the principal operator in the tele
graph office, we learn that the residence of Dr.
James Jl. Green, of Macon, was destroyed by fire
vesterday afternoon, between 5 and 7 o’clock.—
This is the second time he has been burned out in
tbree years. The building was situated upon the
hill, and was formerly occupied by Chas. Day, Esq.
Nothing said abont the extent of the loss or insu
rance.—Sir. Cour. let inet.
For Liberia.— A number of free Negroes—near
ly forty—left this city on Wednesday for Norfolk,
with the purple of embarking for Liberia. The
Banshee—the vessel which ia to oonvey them—is
at present in Hampton Roads, and has on board
already a number of passengers, who embarked
from Baltimore. The emigrants, we learn frem the
papers of that city, all appeared to be in excellent
condition, and there are among them several men
of mnch promise, who, it is will make
decidedly useful members of society in the land
of their adootion.—The Banshee carries out a con
siderable quautity of freight, mainly on account of
the several Missionary Societies,— BaUifh Segie-
Ur.
WEEKLY
<%mticle & ghtkl.
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.
WEDJMDAT Moranre, MAT 4, IMS.
Southern Cultivator.
Tux Southern Cultivator, for May, is now ready
for delivery. It is a number of nnnsual interest
and variety, aa will be seen by the following table
ot oontanta:
PuxTATioa ax» Pm Icooomr.—The Future of the
Soota; How little list* in a Boil win Millet f.r all Ceefoi
Purpceee; The Neat Cattle of the United Stales and Weet
ern Europe; PlAnu adapted to SoiUn, in the South; Ditch
ing Hill bidee ; Watarme one, PeaeTfie.; Preserving Pota
*•**■! Sowing Clover; Hogs and Fowtee—comparative pro
fit ot Halving; Guano Wanted; Response te Mr. Cunning
ham; Points of a Good Hog; Texas Valley Lands—Snails
vi. Guano; Experiments on Goano; Goans; Leached
Ashe* for Sandy Lands.
HmcwLannore —Portable Saw Mills ; The Critic* Cri
«ci*cd; The Poultry Mania in England (Ultutrated);
Weight of Prise Poultry in Eng and; Bearing Turkeys;
Poultry Show in London; Income of the Western and At
lantic Railroad, fie.; New Jersey and South Carolina Hogs;
Bones for Manure; East Tennessee; Southern Central
Agricnltnrnl Society; Howto Choose Meal; How to Pop
Corn; The Teeth es the Horse and hie Age; To Prevent
Milk from Soaring; Rancid Batter.
Editorial.—Answers to Inquiries l . Southern Fanning
and Progress; “Dp the Country;” Osage Orange Hedge
in the Sooth; Measuring Corn in the Crih; Acknowledge
ments to Correspondent*; Our Book Table, fie.
Host kxlttkAL DiFAxnun.—Work for the Month; Cul
tivation of the Camellia Japonic a, (Illustrated); The Car.
culio; Staking Fruit Trace; Peaches at the Sooth; Train
ins Grape Vines near the Ground; The Peach Borer;
When to Prone; Cabbage; Spent Tan Bark ; Straw as a
Covering; Dwarfing Fruit Trees; Varieties of Grapee.
Doubti e Eooaonr.—To make prime Vinegar; A Useful
Recipe; How to Dry Peaches; Batter Making; Gam Ara
bic Starch; Fine Pickled Cabbage.
iLLCSTSATioirg.—Poultry Mania in England; Propaga
tion of the Camellia Japonic*.
Terms $1 per year. Bnek Numbers of present
Volume (1858) can yet be eupplied. Address
WM. 8. JONES, Augusta, Geo.
Superior Cockti.—Experience is showing more
tnd more strongly at every term of our Superior
Courts, the importance of separating the criminal
from the oivil business. If joatiee is to be ad
ministered and pnblic order maintained, such a
change will have to be made in the Judiciary sys
tem ot the State as will provide a C mrt exclusive
ly for the trial of criminal otuaes in each county. The
establishment of each a court, to sit not less than
four times a year or every three months, would
meet a great and pressing public want. It is un
necessary to enlarge upon the saving to the ooun
tiee in the expense of maintaining prisoners in
jail from term to term. The great benefit would
be in securing tbe speedy and certain administra
tion of justice, on which the efficacy of punish
monta aa examples must mainly depend. As
things now are, in many ooumies, if the criminal
docket is gone through with, it is often at the ex
pense of nearly the whole of the other bneinesa
of the court, which mast be poetpbnod to the next
term, then again to be postponed, nnlesa an
adjournedwtenn is resorted to by the Jndge.—
W kat is needed on both sides of the coart is net
only justice, bat prompt justice. This desirable
end would be greatly promoted by such* separa
tion of the business of the courts aa suggested
above.— Marietta Advocate.
If the Advocate had, like a skilful physician,
proceeded to remove the cause of the disease, the
effect could not exist, and the patient wonld be im
mediately restored.
It is an evil of great magnitude that the courts,
everywhere throughout the Btate, are too lax in
the administration of the law, and suffer too much
time to be consumed in the investigation of crimi
nal cases. These, we admit, are very great evils,
and ought to be remedied; but the prescription of
the Advocate, we think, would be wholly ineffi
cient. It is therefore objeotionable, apart from
any considerations of increased expense for the
support of this additional branch ofthe Judiciary.
It is universally admitted by all oandid, intelli
gent and honest men of the country, that seven
tenths, at least, if not more, of the crime in the
State ia the result of drunkenness, whioh the pre
sent lioense law nurtures and encourages, because
of the facilities it affords for indulgence.
Retailing, then, ia the prime, the great first oause
of the mass of the crime committed in the State.
It is, therefore, wise to remove the cause, and the
body politio will be at oneo relieved, to the extant
that that produces the effect.
This, in our opinion, would do mere to relieve
the dockets of the Courts from the records of ini-
quity that now harden them, than any other mea
sure that can be adopted. If so, it will relieve the
people from the expense, of which the Advocate
complains, of snpporting criminals in jail and pay
ing Court costs; whioh would not be accomplish
ed by that journal’s remedy; because the Court
costs would remain the same, while the additional
expense of Judges in this new branoh of the ju
diciary must more than balance the jail feea paid
by the people.
The benefits resulting, therefore, from the pro
hibition of retailing in this particular, to say no
thing of the influence it would exercise upon the
morals and well being of society are sufficiently
great, in our opinion, not only to justify, but to
command the adoption of the measure.
We invite the attention of the intelligent and re
flecting men of the country, those men who have
some interest in preserving and protecting the well
being of sooiety, to the oalm and dispassionate in
vestigation of this subject. It merits such a con
sideration, and they owe it to themselves, their chil
dren and the conntry to meet the question like
men, and decide it upon its merits as Freemen and
Georgians.
Cotton Crop—Mr. Henry’s Letter.
In this paper will be found an interesting letter
from Gxo. G. Hxnkt, of Mobile, on the Cotton
Crop, its Prospects, <fec.
If we ever used the language ascribed to us by
Mr. H., we have no recolleotion of it, and we feel
confident he has given us credit for the opinion
of another. That, however, is of no consequence
—Mr. H. is an intelligent gentleman, who devotes
muoh attention to the subject, and his reasons are
always plausible, however we may sometimes dif
fer with him. We are, therefore, pleased to give
place to his letter.
We will make up weekly statistics ofthe article
in this city and Hamburg, if our Warehousemen
will facilitate us as much as possible, by fhrnishing
us with their receipts and shipments; We hope
they will.
Soicidi.— The Coroner held an inquest on Sun
day on the body sf Edmund Hiabd, of this city,
who had the day previous put an end to his life
by severing with a razor all the arteries of the leg
jast above the knee, in a temporary fit of derange
meat. He was a quiet, unobtrusive, worthy man,
the viotim at times of great depression of spirits,
so great as to unhinge his mind, and on a former
ooossion, a year or so ago, attempted to destroy
himself by cutting his throat with a razor. On
Saturday, while under this influence, he procured
his razor and repaired to a neighboring wood,
where he accomplished his purpose. Search was
made for him Sunday morning, when his lifeless
body was found. The verdict of the Jury was in
accordance with the facts./
The Southern Eclectic, for May, filled with the
cream of the European Magazines and an interest
ing original Paris letter, has been laid on our table
by the Proprietor. It is an excellent number.
The connexion of Jams M. Skttbe, Esq., with
the Editorial conduct of the work is announced
in the present number.
The determination and earnest efforts of Mr.
Kitten to establish a periodical of high character
should commend it to the liberal patronage of
Southern readers.
Terms SB.OO per year. Address J. Q. Kitten,
Augusta, Ga.
New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern Ball
Road.
We copied a few days ago, from the N. O.
Picayune , an editorial notice that the contracts for
constructing 96 miles of the above rood had been
awarded to Dr. Gbuzt & Co., of Ohio, and Benson,
Grant & Co., of Georgia. We have since learned
1 that L. P. Grant, of Atlanta, and John T. Grant,
[ of Monroe, are members of the latter firm, and
i congratulate our New Orleans friends upon the
• very substantial “ aid and comfort” which such
j men will bring towards the completion of an en
. terprisc, which will do more to advance the inter
, eats and prosperity of the “ Crescent City,” than
5 its most sanguine projectors have dared to antici-
J pate.
t Mr. L. P. Grant has been long and favorably
s known in connection with the principal lines of
1 Rail Road in Georgia, Tennessee and Alabama,
both as a.skillful and talented Civil Engineer, and,
more recently, as an energetic contractor, and Mr.
’ J. T. Grant’s reputation as an honest, reliable
and efficient contractor ia unequalled.
, Gubernatorial Convention.
f The Southern Recorder suggests that the Conven
tion to nominate a candidate for Governor, in op
• position to the nominee of the Secession or Demo
| cratic party, be held in Milledgeville on the fourth
r Wednesday in June, whioh is the 22d day.
I We have no objection to the time or place, and
1 should be pleased to see a large Convention felly
\ representing the wishes and feelings of the eon
> servstives of Georgia.
l Consressional CoNVRNnow. —A correspondent
• of the Southern Recorder suggests the holding of
, a Union Whig Congressional Convention, in Eaton
> ton, on the 2d Wednesday in July next, to nomi
nate a candidate for Congress for the 7th District.
A Sflendid Bed Quilt. — We were very much
| delighted a day or two since with a view of a silk
i and velvet “ patch-work” Bed Quilt, a most beau
-1 tifnl specimen of the fine taste and artistic skill of
Miss Kellt, of Richmondßath, which is altogeth
. er the most tasty and elegant article of the kind we
have ever seen. To afford the reader some idea of
1 tne amount of patient labor betowed on it, it ia only
necessary to say that it contains nesr five thousand
, squares, and abouta half million of stitches. Those
> of our citizens who feel an interest in such things
' will do well to call at C. A. Platt’s fhrniture store,
! where it may be seen.
[ We sincerely hope Mias K. may consent to send
it to the World's Pair in New York.
“It can almost Tale.”— A gentleman from the
| country who had been watching for some time one
1 of Hoe’s large steam presses in operation in the
' office of the Memphis logic Enquirer, in his won-
I der at seeing it take the printed sheets from the
. form and lay them down so carefully and precisely,
exclaimed:
“Shade of Fansti-itean almost talk!”
“Talk stranger!” said a little ‘imp’ perched
; up on a pile ofpaper, “ Tall .’-it can say more in
i a seoond that you can repeat in two hours! Tall.
I it talks six or seven folio volumes every day ; it,
| mid others like it, have before now talked the world
t into ‘ fits.’—Tali, indeed
i «’Nough said,” rejoined our friend, “ I give
[ U °P” ,
• We.M. Martin has been unanimously elected
; President of “ Farmert .and Exchange Rani," of
OhiitortflUi
New Book*.
The Old Forest Ranger ; or Wild Sports of India
on the Neilgherry Hill*, in the Jungles, and on
the Plains. By Major Walter Campbell. Edited
by Frank Forester. Stringer & Townsend, p.p.
888, beautifully illustrated.
Here is a book for all classes of readers—for as
no age, tex or condition are exempt from the all
pervading passion of pursuit, ao all are entertained
and interested, nay, thrilled with the sports of the*
chase. The accomplished Editor, in his preface,
most truly says:
“There ia no class of readers who may not find
something in this volume to delight him. For the
sportsman, there is all that he loves most, related
sportsmanlv and well, by one who could not so
have related it bad he not seen and done yeoman’s
servioe. For the lover of nature, there are ar
tistical and beautiful descriptions of some of
the loveliest scenery ot the earth’s most luxu
riant regions. For the seeker after excitement,
there ia excitement to hia heart’s content, yet
never—rare felicity in the author—protracted
till it begets satiety, and thence lassitude. For
the curious investigator ot the origin and cus
toms of human races, there are curious and inte
resting facts. For the naturalist, there is abundant
wealth of new anecdotes concerning habits and
hannts, and instincts of animals known and de
scribed long sinoe, of species, if not genera, non
descript heretofore. Lastly, not leastly, there is
“ Lay of love for lady fair”—
and all this, without a line of fine writing, a phrase
of affeotatioD, personality, oonceit, or self-appro
bation.”
The book is for sale by Geo. A. Oates & Co.
Habpsr’s Magazine and Godet’s Lady’s Book,
for May— both as excellent in their contents and as
attractive in embellishments as nsuai—hsve been
received and may be obtained from Gxo. A. Oates
& Brothers.
Putnam’s Montblt, for May—a capital number
—ia also on our table. It contains “Old Ironsides,”
by the Ist) J. Fxnnimobs Cooper; “Ninevah and
Babylon;” “ The Student Life of Daniel Webster;”
“Lowell, the Poet;” “The Bt. Nicholas»nd the
Five Point*;” &c., <fcc. A new volume com
mences with the July number. Terms, $8 per an
num. Address Gao. P. Putnam & Co., New York
City; or Gxo. A Oates & Bros., Augusta, Ga.
Tennessee.
Th* Whig Btate Conaention, assembled at Nash
ville, has nominated, unanimously, the Hon. Gus
tavtjs A. Henry, as thtir candidate for Governor.
From the resolutions adopted by the Convention
we clip the following:
Resolved, That the Whig Party of Tennessee
most heartily approve of the Domestio and Foreign
policy of the National Administration of Millard
Fillmore, and point to them with pride, as the
practical exponents of the principles and policy of
the conservative Whig Party of the Union—and
that the people of the South owe to Millard Fill
more a debt of gratitude, for his patriotic support
of tbe Constitution, and the maintenance of the
lawß of the Union, which, they fear, they may
never be able to repay.
Military Visit.
The Oglethorpe Infantry, Capt. A. J. Miller,
embarked yesterday on board the steamer Oregon
for Savannah, where they will be the guests ofthe
Volunteer corps of that oity. They wore esoorted
to the steamer by the “Clinch Rifles,” Capt.
Wilson, and the “Irish Volunteers,” Capt. Ma-
HAHKiT,and departed amid the cheers of a large con
oourae of spectators, who in their hearts commend
ed them to the kind offices of their brother soldiers
of “ the City of Oglethorpe.”
A True Woman. —The editor of the Cassville
Standard, writing from Cumming, Forsyth county,
to his paper, relates the following incident:
“ And while wo are on the subject of schools, we
will relate a novelty in tbe affairs of love, which
oame off here not long since. Mr. P., the school
master, (by the by a very handsome gentleman,)
oame to this place from Maine, and soon prooured
a goodsohoof; in three or four months afterwards,
a strange yonng lady arrived in the stage, all alone,
and in a lew hours after hor arrival, was led to the
altar by the handsome young school-master. It
appesrs that Mr. P. and his tady were engaged be
fore he left home, and that she agreed for him to
come South, procure a situation, of whioh she was
to be apprised, and when informed of his success,
she was to leave father, mother, home and friends,
and oome to the man of her choice and affection.”
If that man does not make her an affiatiouate
and devoted husband, he will deserve a most se
vere punishment.
Cabryino Loaded Pistols.—At Nashville, on
the 10th, as a Mr. Ridgaway was passing down the
steps in front of the M. E. Church, the right skirt
of his ooat, in tho pocket of which was a loaded
pistol, came in contact with the sidostone of the
steps, causing the pistol to go off, the contents of
which took effect on Mr. Summfieid Batte, who
was standing a few pa-es in front, on the pave
ment, causing his death shortly afterwards.
What a brave, gallant man he must be who goes
to Church with a loaded pistol in his pocket.
Congressional Nomination.— The Whigs of the
Nashville (Tenn.) District, have nominated Gen.
F. K. Zolliooffxr, Editor ofthe Nashville Banner,
as their candidate for Congress.
Gen. Z. having accepted tho nomination, has re
tired from the Editorial Chair of the Banner, and
ia succeeded oy A. A. Hall, Esq., so long and fa
vorably conneoted with the press of Tennessee.
G. T. Sowdkn, Esq., for thirty years a highly re
spectable merehant in Columbia, S. C., and a part
ner of the house of Snowden & Shear of this
eity, died at his residence in Columbia on Monday
last.
Larsi and Valuable Cargo.— The Br. ship Al
fred, Capt. Smily, which cleared at Savannah on
Tuesday, for Liverpool, has on board 4,849 bales
Upland cotton, 125 bales Sea Islands, and 114,459
feet ofP. P.Timber. Total weightofcotton 1,971,-
867 pounds. Total value of oargo, $212,752.06.
Tennessee. —The Democracy of, Tennessee have
nominated, by a State Convention, the Hon. An
drew Johnson, as their candidate for Governor.—
The canvass in that State promises to be an anima
ted one. Gustavus Henry is the Whig candidate.
Capt. Alfred Cummins. —The numerous friends
of this gentleman will learn with pleasure, that he
has been appointed Superintendent of Indian Af
airs for the central snperintendency.
A Monumental Masonic Temple to the Memo
ry of Washington.— Tho Masonio brethren of
Fredericksburg, Va., intend to raise a monumen
tal temple to the memory of Washington.
Tho town of Nashville, N. H., at its town meet
ing held on Wednesday last, appointed a commit
tee of three to enforce the act lately passed by the
Legislature of that State in relation to truant chil
dren. By this law all children a’e compelled to
attend school and obey its rules under a penalty of
fine and imprisonment.
The Shoe Business. —The Haverhill (Mass.) Ga
zette eaya that the prospects for a goad shoe busi
ness in that vicinity this season are flattering.—
The stock of shoes on band left over is very small,
and the price paid, although not affording largo
profits, yet still give enoouragement to manufac
turers to oontinne their efforts. Stock is high, and
there mnst necessarily be an increase in the price
of shoes. About (2,000,000 worth of these shoe
are made in Haverhill per annum.
It is stated that ex-Prosident Van Buron has ta
ken his passage for Europe in the steamer of the
80th inst. Ha will be accompanied by his son Mar
tin.
A public meeting was held in Savannah on
Tuesday to decide upon the question of the city
subscribing (800,000 to the Southern Mississippi
Railroad. After listening to several able speeches,
the meeting respectfully declined to extend its aid
at present to the scheme. We perceive that the
Hon. Thomas A. Marshall, President of the South
ern Railroad, arrived in Charleston on Wednes
day from Savannah, in the steamer Gordon.
Lord John Russell has just published the first
two volumes of “ Memorials and Correspondence
of Charles James Fox,” which is the beginning
of what we should expect to be one of the most
delightful works of the time. The third and
fourth volumes of his “ Journal and Correspond
ence of Moore,” have also appeared. They will
be announced in a few days by ‘the Appletons.
A Melbourne (Australian) correspondent of the
New York Tribune gives a most woful picture of
life in that country. If his statements are correct,
and we see no reason to doubt them, Australia is
not the place, as the vulgar saying is, that it is
cracked np to be. The correspondent remarks:
“I don’t speak from personal experience. I
came out here, not to dig gold, but to find a cli
mate that the learned doctors in New York said
was superior to Italy; they missed it, so have I.—
Friday, thermometer 127, to-day 75—beautiful."
New Yore and St. Louis within 75 hours of
each other. —The Chicago and Rock Island Rail
road Company are now advertising trains to leave
Chicago on the arrival of the express train of the
Northern Indiana, Michigan Southern and Michi
gan Central Railroads. This road is open to La
Salle and Peru—loo miles. By this route the
time from St. Louis to New York is 75 hours.
The Crystal Palace.— The British government
has appointed the Earl of Ellesmere “ her Majes
ty’s Commissioner to attend the Great Exhibition
at New York.” It ia stated that the French Go
vernment intend to send out a Commissioner to
the exhibition.
General Politkessky, the Russian privy coun
cillor, confessed on his death bed that he had em
bezzled 1,800,000 silver rubles. The corpse of the
penitent man was degraded in its coffin by the
executioner.
The Providence Conference of the Methodist Epis
copal Chnrch has just closed its session. Among
other reports made was one by the Book Agents.
From this document it appears that the Christian
Advocate publishes 82,000 copies weekly; Sunday
School Advocate, 78,000; Missionary Advocate,
40,000; Quarterly Review, 2,300 ; National Maga
zine, 17,000. It is remarked that the latter must
have 20,000 subscribers to make it self-supporting.
From the annual report of the faculty ol the Biblical
Institute we learn that thirteen students graduated
at the dose of last year; the present junior class
numbers 24. Sixteen of the students united with
different conferences last year as preachers of the
Gospel.
From a work recently published it appears that
the number of printing offices in Paris, includ'ng
the Imperial office, those cf the Ministry of J ustice,
the Mint (for the postoffice stamps) the Bank, and
the principal journals, is 94, in which are employ
ed 2,528 compositors, 748 pressmen, 152 machine
men, and 180 correctors. These numbers would
be consideraoly augment :d if there were added
the workmen which are in a manner dependent on
printing, such as letter founders, stereotypers,
press and machine makers, paper makers, ink ma
kers, &c. The Imperial printing office alone em
ploys 144 compositors, 178 pressmen, 12 correctors
and 4 machine men. There is only one other office
which imploy* mm than 100 compositors.
Southern Medical and Surgical Journal.
The May number of this sterling Journal is on
our table—containing ita usual variety of original
and miscellaneous matter. It is edited by Profes
sor Dugas, and published by Jab. MaCAFFB*TY,*t
$3 per annum, in advance.
Tbe Nashville Journal of Surgery and Medicine.
The April number of this excellent periodical is
on our table, containing its usual variety. It ia
published in Nashville, Tenn.,by JohnT.B. Fall,
at $3 per annum, in advance, and edited by Pro
fessors W. K. Bowling and P. F. Eve.
Ministers to France and Chili. —The Savannah
Republican notices the appointment of Du and
Meade, and adds: Gen. Dixie an arrant freeaoiler,
and ran on the Van Bnren ticket in 1848 for Go
vernor of New York. Mr. Meade, if we rooolleot
aright, was a conspicuous opponent of the Com
promise, and belongs to that wing of the Demo
cratic party yclept Southern Rights.
Dix and Meade—a Freesoiler and a Secessionist
—par mobile fratrum. It was but the other day
that we announced the appointment of Mr. Bor
land, a Southern Rights and manifest destiny man,
as Minister to Central America; and but a day or
two before that, the appointment of Mr. Soule, the
embodiment of “ Yonug America” and French re
publicanism, aa Minister to Spain. Quiok upon
their heels follows the appointment of Mr. Meado.
And that the Secessionists might not monopolize
all the foreign missions, Gen. Dix, the prinoe of
Barnburners and the right hand man of Martin
Van Buren, is given one of the most honorable
appointments in the gift of the Government. In
tbe meantime, the highest offioe, without an
exception, that has been awarded the Union De
mocracy, is the dignified poet of Collector of
Customs.
Verily, the old fogies and last century ennff
takera must “ stir their stumps,” or they will be
shamefully distanced. Thus far, “ Young Ameri
ca” has carried every thing hia own way, and, if
we mistake not the signs, he will give us rousing
times ere the world ia macy months older. Liko
Phaeton, he has been entrusted with the ohariot
of the Sun, and like Phaeton, we predict, he will
hurry on at a thought.ess, dashing p«o«, until
struck by a thunderbolt from the People, he is
hurled headlqng from his dangerous eminence.
Bank of East Tennessee.— The Knoxvillle Re
gister says : —Wo are pleased to learn that within
a few days a number of our best citizens havo ta
ken a large amount of stock in the Bank of East
Tennessee and we leel well assured that tbe stock
will be taken by our own citizens, and the bank
placed upon a basis oven more seoure than that
whioh has enabled it to pass through .the late heavy
run that was made upon its vaults.
We also learn with pleasure that the branoh
ofthe Union Bank at this placo receives the issues
of the Bank of East Tennessee on deposite or in
payment of debts. Its notes are aa good as those
of any Bank m the State, and there need be no
apprehension whatever in taking them.
Death from Rope Jumping.—A girl about four
teen years of age, who was at Sunday Sohool at
New York last Sunday, in good health, undertook
the next day to jump the rope two hundred times
without stopping. She did so, but tbe unnatural
exertion threw her into an illness whioh proved
mortal. She was buried on Tuesday.
A Peoples’ Washing and Bathing establishment
was some time sinoe established in New York, at a
cest of $40,000. Its success has been most satis
factory. Tho Journal of Commerco says:—during
the first three months of the existonoo of this es
tablishment, ending last August, the total number
of bathers was 88,600, and the revenue scorning
from washing and bathing amonnted to $2,186.
Tho amount of washing done in tHo winter season
greatly exceeds that of tho summer. The present
season opens very favorably; tho number of bathers
daring a single day having already reached 788,
against 1147, the highest number last season.
The Southern Railroad. —The Selma Reporter
says: We havo received the report of the aur--
veyors of the Southern Railroad from Brandon, in
tlie State of Mississippi to the Alabama Line, in
the direction of tho cities of Charleston and
Savannah. The general iooation of the road ia
now made and it will be constructed rapidly. The
surveys were found to be more favorable than waa
anticipated. The difference between the air liue
and the length of the road is only 5 96-100 miles—
the road being 99 1-6 miles, the air line 981-5.
This is a remarkably small degreo of ourvature.—
The expense of grading, bridging, auperatruction
equipment will be $1,600,000.
A Business Girl.—We are well acquainted with
a young and very handsome girl, says the accom
plished editor of the Merchants’ Ledger, who has
the principal management of a large mercantile es
tablishment in a flourishing country town, who
visits different cities alone, stops at hotels, pur
chases supplies of dry goods, hsrdwaro, ohina.
groceries, Bboes, nicknacks, and all multifarious
saleables which make up “ a stock ” in a miscel
laneous store. She giveß notes, makes contracts,
all suoh business as belongs to her; and wo have
never yet learned that she has sacrificed one iota
ofthe dignity, admiration and rspect whioh are
her just due as a young, amiable and very pretty
woman.
Fine Cotton. —The Editor of the United States
Economist has received from a firm in New York
a remarkable specimen of Cotton, destinod for the
World’s Fair. It was praoured by a merchant of
Texas, from the Pino Indians. It is of a texture
and strength of fibre superior to any ever before
offered in New York. To the touch it has the
feeling of silk, being destitute ofthe harsh feeling
inoident to cotton. It is of a long staple, and of a
beautiful clear white oolor. The discoverer has pro
cured a quantity of the seed, and will enter ex
tensively into the culture. It has been found
under ciroumstances which lead te the hope that
the degeneration of the quality usual upon these
fine qualities will not be encountered in this oase.
■».
A St. Louis confootioner is said to have manu
factured an article for exhibition at the Crystal
Palaco in New York, which will doubtles attract
crowds of Juvenille observers. It is a picture in
candy, being a copy of a lithograph of a boar hunt.
The figures in the original consisting of the hun
ters and their horses, the boar and the hounds,
and even the grass and the sky overhead, are said
to bo reprsented with surprising accuracy.
There are 124,788 children in Wisconsin who go
to sohool; or nearly one-third of the whole popu
lation. Last year, there were 111,431, so that the
increaso is 18,442. The number of school houses
in the State is 1,780, built tho present year 221 ;
volumes in libraries 11,975.
The military force of New York city oonsists of
21 companies, averaging about 70 men eaoh—in all
between 1400 and 1600 mon. Persons after serv
ing 7 years are exempt from military duty. From
the time of enrolment they are oxempt from Jury
duty, and during tho term of servioe arc exempt
from taxes on SSOO, and the Light Artillery on sl,-
000. They are also exempt from the two day’s ser
vice on the highways, and the privates, at the an
nual parade or enoampment, receive $1.25, per day.
Members of Cavalry or Light Artillery reoelve $1
a day for each horse.
A girl 17 years old was bitten by a rattlesnake
on the left in3tep. Two hours and a half after,
wards Dr. T. A. Atchison, who describes tho oase
in the Southern Medical Journal, visited her, and
found her sightless with her face swollen and her
mind wandering. He placed her in a hot salt bath
and administered whiskey and carbonate of am
monia until she had taken throe pints of the first
and eighty grains of the latter; no intoxication fol
lowed, and she was cured.
Kulogt on Daniel Webster. —Hon. Alexander
H. Stephens, in anwer to an invitation extended
to him by a number of citizens of Atlanta to de
liver a eulogy on the life and servioes of Daniel
Webster, in that city, has appointed Thursday,
28th of May, for its delivery. From the well
known abilities of the distinguished speaker the
public may expect a rare intellectual treat on that
occasion.
The proprietors of the St. Nicholas Hotel, New
York, have succeeded in purchasing the property
adjoining it to the extent of an acre and a half.—
Its enlargement will go forward immediately, and
when completed will render it the largest hotel in
the world. The New York papers say that the
principal hotels in that city are constantly full,
and some oi them the (Metropolitan for instance,)
are obliged to turn away some days more than
they receive.
Macaulay is expected to issue two more volumes
of his History of England in April. His health is
Baid to be irrevocably shattered, and fears are en
tertained that he will never be able to complete the
work which he has projected.
Railroad Fares. —The New York Times says—
The Ohio and Lake Shore Roads and Lake line
of steamers between Sandusky and Cleveland, and
Buffalo and Dunkirk, have settled their through
fares from Cincinnati at the uniform rate of (7.50.
The Consolidated Central line from Albany to Buf
falo announces (8 as the through fare between
those cities. The Hudson River Road ia charging
(1.50. Altogether the charge from New York to
Cincinnati is (15.
The Buffalo and New York City Road, via Hor
nellsviile charges (7.50 to Buffalo; the Erie Rail
Soad the same; we believe to Dunkirk. So we
have here three routes to the Lake, and at least
two from the Lake to Cincinnati, all under the
same aggregate charge. As' the summer travel
advances, we shall have more competition in an
additional track on part of the Central line, and
hy the opening of the Canandaigua and Niagara
Falla Road, and no doubt a further reduction of
fare. The Central people already talk of (5 from
Albany to Buffalo, and the New York City and
Buffalo Company will be ready for them, and so
the Erie also.
Railroad Celebration. —The Huntsville Advo
cate says: We claim to be a sort of outside direc
tor of the Memphis & Charleston Railroad, and
take a deep interest in its success. The road from
Tuscumbia to Decatur will soon be finished. When
that event happens, we beg to suggest the pro
priety of having a grand oelebration—to have a
sort of Railroad Jubilee, a Free Barbecue and real
Jolification. Invite all the Stockholders to be pre
sent and give them a free ride over the road, that
they may see how it operates—have occular evi
dence that the thing is a reality, and is bound to
succeed. It will tell well for the future sucoess of
the whole road, and we trust the suggestion will
be acted on.
Bouton School*.— Daring the last eleven year*
Boston bee rained and expended for pnblio sohool
purposes $2,810,862.40. Notwithstanding tho ex
oees of population in New York, Boston during the
last five years has expended a larger amount for
eduoational purposes than that city. The Boston
Journal siys that comparing thesohools as they
now are with what they were fifteen year* ago,
the ohange has been very striking:
The oonrse of study has been enlarged—better
text books are provided—the discipline has been
modified, doing away with oorporeal punishment
to great extent—more thoroughness of instruction
has been introduced—and tne examinations are
more rigid. In the sobool houses there have been
corresponding improvements. There are thou
sands of our oitixens who remember with no plea
surable feelings the little round stoWs without
backs, which they occupied in boyhood. Literally
they were stools of repentanoe, and many a stoop
or consumptive habit maybe trsoed to tlieee odi
ous instruments of torture. Another striking
change in the internel arrangement of tho school
rooms, is the introduction of recitation rooms.
Fifteen years ago these were unknown, and the
olaas recitations were all held in one common
room. Increased attention has also been paid to
heating, lighting, aud ventilating the school
rooms. Those and other ohanges and improve
ments add greatly to the advantages whioh the
pupil of the present generation has in the pursuit
of knowledge. The change in the ohsracter of the
pupils is still more marked. The time has been,
within twenty years, when hardly a doxen boy* of
Irish parentage could be found in tho pnblio
sohools. Now the majority of the pupils are
foi signers. These are, as a class, fair scholars, and
some of them excel their American competitors.
A project is on foot for the establishment, in
New York, of a large and oemmodious Hotel fbr
invalids. The scheme, says the Mirror, is entirely
practicable, and well worth consideration. The
Hospitalin Broadway, and the Bellevue Hospital,
are so widely different in their objeots and pur
poses, from the one proposed, that there can be
no antagonism of interests whatever.
The Philadelphia papera announce that the
Pennsylvania Railroad Compaaj, by a unanimous
vote, have eabaoribed the earn of aeven hundred
thousand dollars to the stock of the Marietta and
Cincinnati Railroad Company.
The Lead Mines whioh were disoovered a few
years ago below Sunbury, Pa., and whioh were at
that time worked to some extent, have been pnr
ohased by a oompany of gentleman, who intend
going into the lead business.
According to an official document, reoently pub
lished by ordor of Congress, the total or estimated
value of the real and perronal estate of the inhabi
tants of the District of Columbia, for the year end
ing Jnne, 1850, was $14,018,874, and for that ter
minating with Deoember, 1862, $15,420,7(1. Popu
lation on the first of January, 1858, 51,872; aver
age real and personal property to eaeh individual,
S2(B.
The BTiAManrr Indxpindkncx. —The agent of the
Vanderbilt lino informs the New-York papers that
the whole number of passengers on board this ill
fated steamer at the time of the disaster was but
828, inclusive of ohildren, and not five hundred,
as reported. On the same authority it is stated that
there was no powder magazine on board the ves
sel, and that therefore no explosion oould have
occurred from that oanse.
The New York Times says that the North River
boats—those splendid floating palaces which have
constituted a peouliar feature of the travel from
New York to Albany—are becoming obsolete, so
far as the greet mass of travel is oonoerned, and
that this year they will have to be content with
emigrants and second class passengers at low rntCß,
while the fashionable travel, as well as that of
the class who hold that “ time is money” will be
monopolized by the railroad. The second track of
the Hudson river railroad will soon be completed,
and the express trains which now make the trip
in three and a half hours, will bo succeeded by
lightning trains, to run from New York to Al
bany in three hours. The destruction of the
Henry Clay and the explosion of the Reindeer
have also made tho public fearfnl of this mode of
conveyance, and with the superior speed of the
railroad will oarry the day againat them.
The Boston Journal says there never was in
that city snoh a demand for tenements, and at
snoh high rates, as this spring. Sneh is the in
crease of bnsiness, that many strssts, whioh ten
yeara ago wore filled with the aristooratio residen
ces of the rioh, sra now orowded with sptoiona
stores and warehouses.
The Weldon (N. O.) Patriot states that the
cholera is raging between that town and Gaston,
and that eight or nine deaths had recently occur
red. It is said to have originated from eating
oysters, and the oitixens of Gaston htd held a
meeting and reqnested a man engaged in selling
them, to stop the business.
The Philadelphia and Baltimore Rail Road Com
pany is preparing to prooeed at onoe with the
erection of s bridge over the ’Snsqnehanna river.
A survey is already in progress for the purpose of
ascertaining the best point for it* looatlon.
A Washington correspondent of the N. Y. Jour
nal of Commerce writes—
The process of carting the gold from place to
place, to meet the oonvenienoe of the government,
has commenosd. Agent* are sent with bags and
boxes, by railroad and stage-route, to see that they
are safely delivered. No transfer drafts are to be
allowed under any pretenoe whatover.
An artesian woll his been snnk at Charleston to
the depth of 10(1 feet, without obtaining water.
At a depth of 1010 feot a shark’s tooth, in fine pre
servation, was found.
The £I,OOO left by Dr. Franklin to the City of
Boiton, to be let at an Interest to young unmarried
artlzans In snms not exceeding £6O sterling, now
amount to $15,280.66. Franklin estimated that it
would reach $5*1,649 in 100 years, but owing to
losses it will probably reach about $400,000. One
provision of the will was that whep the fund
should amount to $581,640, half a million dollars
should be appropriated to some publio works,
which should be jndged to be of the most general
utility to the inhabitants of Boston. The loans
are now rarely applied for at all, and it is pro
posed that the fnnd be deposited in the Massachu
setts Hospital Life Insurance Company, and in
the Savings Banks of Boston.
Testimonial to John P.Hale. —The Boßton Bee
states that the crew of the ship of war Germantown
are about to present to John P. Hale a splendid
medal, valued at one hundred dollare, as a testi
monial of gratitude for that gentleman’s services
towards abolishing oorporeal punishment in the
Navy.
A man named Jaoobs has been oonvioted at New
London, Conn., of placing obstructions on the mils
of the Willimantio railroad, and sentenced to eight
years imprisonment in the State prison. A well
merited pnnishment for such malioe.
The New Tork Times says it learns from a cre
dible source that three Portuguese captains and
one Captain merohant arrived from Cuba by the
Cherokee and Black Warrior steamers, add are
now in that oity making arrangements for dispatoh
ing vessels to the coast of Africa to engage in the
slave trade between that Coast and Cuba. The
Times also states that they have already contracted
for three dippers to be built at Baltimore, and are
making other preparations in New Tork.
A northern paper says that the pugilists 'are
about to strike.' Beggars will refuse anything less
than sixpence after the 4th of July. Persons
peeping through creeks in the fence to see the
balloon go off, expect a shilling each after the Hip
podrome opens. Sleepy church goers intend stri
king for mattresses, pipes and ooffee during pro
sy servioe.
During the last session ot the Pennsylvania
Legislature 1167' acts were passed. Os these 81
were acts incorporating railroad oompaniee. At
an average of 40 miles for each road, the aggregate
length of roads would be thirteen hundred and
forty miles, involvings cost of $81,200,000.
The Huntsville Advocato, in commenting on
some of the recent removals in North Alabama
says:
“Our old friend, Sam Orute, after twenty-eight
years hard servioe is turned out to grass, and his
crib is oocupisd by a gentleman heretofore classed
with the secession wing of the party. ‘Farewell,
a long farewell to all our greatness r for we never
more shall meet again to examine maps, books,
<fec. Good by, ana let it be your boast in future,
that during the Van Buren reign, out of sixty
seven Receivers, all were defaulters exoept thru
and you were ons of the thru 1”
The firemen and coal passera attaohed to all the
steamsnipsst New York struck for higher wagea
on Friday. The advance waa generally conceded.
At Bangor, on the 30th inat., two hundred and
sizty gallon* of liquor were seized ,by the polioe,
on hoard the steamer Boston.
The St. Johns (N. B.) papers report the return of
SO sailing vessels, with fall lares—some having
captured from 7,000 to 3,000.
The grand jury of Tasewell oonnty, Va., baa
presented the late Legislature of that State as a
nuiaanoe.
The large business proseeuted at the Philadel
phia Hint baa rendered it necesaary to interdict
visitors for the present.
The Whigs of the Richmond, Va., District, have
nominated Clayton 6. Coleman, Esq., as their can- j
didate for Congress. ,
The loss by the late fire at the Navy Yard, at j
first estimated at near $850,000, is now stated up- ]
on official authority, to amount to $88,508.58. 1
Considerable sales of Kentuoky tobacoo were
made at Louisvillt, last week, at prioee ranging I
from $7.80 to sl6 per owt.
A project has been started for a railroad to eon- 8
neot the Chenango Valley both with the Centre «
Line and the New-York and Erie roads.
A hog nearly three years old,and weighingl,Boß
lbs. is to be sent to the New-York World’s Fair,
from Burlington oonnty, N. Y. j
The citizens of New-York city, consume five or (
siz millions worth of animal food in the course of j
the year. 1
A writer in the New-York Observer states that
the memorials in his possession, show that the
Hon. Amos Lawrence gave away dnring the last ,
ten years of his life, more than $500,000. fl
A spirit paper in St. Louis has conversed with b
Homer, who answers in Latin, and bed Latin at h
that 1 ®
Last week there were 43 deaths in Boston, 841 •
in New York, 185 in Philadelphia, and 38 in Bel- °
timore.
It is said that 40,000 tons of shipping will b« f
built on Like Srii this Muon. I
Cotton—lt* Hr«h|i < t», 4r., Ac.
Mobile, April, 2fi, 185$,
To the Editor of the Chronicle & Htntinel:
I take pleasuro, while I wish to ask of you a fa
vor, of presenting to you for tho columns of jour
valuable paper,sorno views entertained by mo, in
relation to Cotton, its prospects, und Cotton Plant
er’s interest, dec.
I will first state tho favor 1 wish to ask of .von.
It is that you will obtain from your obliging ware
house keepers In your and tho city of Hamburg,
their statisticts of Cotton, weekly, and publish
them in your paper. We wish to see what your
stocks and reoeipts, weekly arc. This system is
regularly pursued by the papers in Columbus,Gn.; ’
Montgomery, Ala.; Memphis, Tenth, and at all
oonsiderable receiving points save your* and Ha
con. 1 beg that tho Macon papers, also, will thus
favor us. From Columbia, 8. C., wo would uisb ho '
happy to hear weekly, and it would boos general
interest if your news collectors would make en
quiry, from time to time, as to tho crop, compared •
with the year before, of different sensible Planters,
and your probable reoeipts, tho character of sea
sons, &0., and that you would publish them. ‘
Let me remark, hero, that I thank yod for yous
paragraph respecting the interests of Cotton Plant
ers this year, whioh was extensively quoted in nil
tho other papers, and 1 thank you especially for
it, for it is a singular fact that Editors of papors
published throughout tile Cotton region, who re
ceive thoir existonoo from Cotton Planters, rarely
venture to writo a word respecting this important
article. Spur them up. The conclusion of y our
remarks, howovor, I differ with you respecting.
After stating the season to bo so remarkably late,
you oonolude by saying thoro is timo enough yet,
however, with good seasons, to make a crop. My
objeotion to thiaromark is this—that allowing it, is
tho power of an Allwiso Being to produce such
seasons os he may choose; to arrive at that which
is to come,wo lflust look to that which correspond
ed with it in it* features of years gono by, examino
the general results carefully,ami wo may pretty woll
rely on it that like causes will produce like results.
And upon this basis we may mako some calcula
tion which approximates results.
I will then say, if you will turn hack to the
springs whou goncrsl planting is so late as this,
you will see that the production has (mb below an
awragt, and in many instances r try chart. In old
times, for instanoo, Planters uniformly hold hack
their planting till in April, that they should savo
thoir soed, and the trouble of-re planting. But
look to the quantity thus raised to the baud then,
as a general thing, and look at tho quuntity wo
now get from a hand when wo mako a full crop,
then from to 2 halos to tho hand answered,
while now we look for from 4 to 6 bales, at least.
I speak of Georgia planting. This your tho most
onergetio of planters as well as the slothful,, have
been prevented from planting onrty. Tlioy are
barely dono planting now in the uplands, and tho
bottoms, of oonrse, are yot to plant. If, then, It is
deoided that our expectations should bo basod up
on what resulted from a likostutoof things in for
mer years, the noxt orop must, undoubtedly, b*
ihort. Iu the spring of 1849, for instanoo, on the
night of tho 14th of April there wus a killing frost,
I remember 1 was in Now .Orleans not long after,
and tho enquiry was urgently mado of mo as to my
opinion of tho offect it would liavo on tho extent
of the orop. My mind was made up, and I told
them, emphatically, that a crop of 1,600,000 hatoa
was aamuoh as oould bo looked for, though if the
season should be very propitious, it might go to
2,000,000. The eeasonß went off warm and pro
pitious, and the crop reaolu d 2,096,000 bales.
In April Middling Cottons were wortli 6>£ a 6%
cents, and the orop coming to market readied the
highest figuro, ever before known, say 8,729,n00
but after tho frost Cotton advanced to flo., then
®Ki in Jane to 7c., and by July wont to 100.,
and ruled at that for tho romninder of that season
the nexterop bringing 10,11,12 und 180. But lot
me not bo too fast. Thero was a frost on the 14th
April, 1849. Lot us compare t hut season with this.
That season had boon odd, but tho lands wero iu
good tilth, had been bedded up early, Ac., and a
largo portion of the orop was in the gionml, and
not up. What was up was out down and had to
be replanted, but that whioh was iu thoground
not up, was merely kept back, and us the weather
moderated came up and grow off, having after tliut
excellent seasons. My information is, that tho
prospeot of tho orop now is worn than it wus in
1848, os the orop was roplantod by this time, tho
lands wero m a bettor condition than tlioy now
are, while, besides the lands not boing now so ful
ly prepared, planting is now entirely over with.
I have an opinion respecting wliut this crop may
go to, and I am willing to express it. It is this,
that we mußt have an cxoellent succession of sea
sons to come near an average of the past five years.
Theso crop* wore for
1848. 1848. 1860. 1851. 1852.
2,728,000 2,096,000. 2,855,000 8,015,000 8,100,000
equal to 18,294,000, and this divided by fivo is 2,-
(59,000. Then 2,659,000 would bo an average of
the five years, assuming tho crop of 1852 may
reach 8,100,000 bales, whioh I doubt. Now I con
sider it very problematical if tho coming can ex
ceed 2,800,000 to 2,4')0,000 halos. In 1846, (Sept.
20th, about) after surveying tho devastation of t.ho
worms, I wrote my friend in Now York tho crop
would not go over 1,700,000 bales, and of bales.of
equal weight of thoso of tho your boforo, it fell be
low 1,700,000 though ns tho bales wore lighter,
they numbered 1,778,000.
In presenting my recollections and opinioiut
thus, I do so, fully sensible of tho exceeding illttP
oulty so far in advanoo to foretell nctual results, but
I think oandid discussions in relation to mutters
of this sort, may call such attention to it, na will
prevent exocssive and recklessly honvy estimates,
whioh oould do no party good, and should buyers
who have dealt with us, calculating on profits, bo
disappointed, why our n->xt crop would he to some
extont negleoted by them. I have in my mind th«
reckless estimates mado last summer and Industri
ously circulated in Europe, that tho crop of thut
year would reaoh 8,500,000 to 4,000,000 bales. Had
it been positively known ut the commencement of
this season the crop would bo no greator than it
will prove, tho range of prices, I think, would have
been higher.
What prices are to bo noxt year, 1 rognrd protty
well defined by the enormous consumption going
on, the superabundance of money, and all ths
causes concurring to favor extreme prices.
Our receipts are falling off here very rapidly.
The excess of 100,000 halos on Ist March over the
receipts to the con esponding period last year, la
reduced to-day to 2,200 halos and next Friday
night will show a decrease. Tho crop is ul! in
every where. Georok G. Usury.
Dibtressino Calamity—THßF.itCim.DnKK Burned
to Diath. —The Nashville Whig says we learned
verbally, yesterday, that on Tuesday night the
dwelling house of G. W. Waggoner, who resides
upon White’s Creek, about soven inllos from
Nashville, caught fire from the kitchen, and boforo
tho Inmates oould be aroused was enveloped in
flames. Mr. Waggoner h i i family of flvo
children three of whom, the eldest daughter, about
18 years of ago, were burnod to death I Tho wife
of Mr. W.also, In her frantic attempts to rescue
her ohildren from tho flames, was severely burned.
Tho honse, which was a large framo building, was
burned to the ground and all its contents con
sumed.
Education in China.— China is considered with
with reason to be a country of letters. Education
is in great repute; each village has a school, where
ohildren In the most humble conditions can re
ceive early education. Tho quantity ol books
printed and sold in Chins are immense. A let
tered man or a member of tho celebrated Acade
my of Hau-lin can recite all tho sentences of Heo-
Chou, and pass from dynasty to dynasty, to
fabulous epoohs of Chinese mythology, but his
scionoe does not pass the frontier, nor does ho
inquire into the events that are passing in tho
world of barbarians. Ignoranco of other nations,
is to the Cbineso a boast.
Liabilties of Ship Owners in Cases of Colli
sion at Sea.— The United States Court at \yash
ington has recently reversed.the decision.ot Judge
Story and of tho Massachusetts Supreme Court,
on the question of liabilities of ship owners in
cases of collision. The old doctrine was that un
derwriters were “ liable to repay to the insured
damages paid by him to tho owners of another
vessel and oargo, suffered in a collision occasioned
by the negligence of the master or mariners of the
vessel insured.” Judge Curtis has recently de
livered the opinion of the Supreme Couftof the
United States, that underwriters are not thus lia
ble. This is manifestly a most important decision.
A Lesson fob Husbands.— ln the Court of Quar
ter Sessions of Philadelphia, on Monday, James
Galbraith was charged with an assault and batte
ry on his wife" Catharine. The reason defendant
assigned for his conduct was that his wile called
him names. It was in proof thathe got drunk fre
quently and then beat her. Judge Kelly said
that a woman’s; tongue was a privilodged weapon
when used upon a drunken husband. Thejury
found him guilty. r
A KZW Mimbzb of the British Peace Sootett.—
On the day of the death of the “ Duke” a three
decker, whioh had previously been lengthened
nearly forty feet, and adapted to receive a screw
propeller, with an engine of 700 horse power, wus
lauohed at Pembroke, and in respect for the
memory of tbs great soldier, was called “ The
Duke of Wellington,” whoso great rival’s name
bad previously been bestowed on tho most power
ful ship in the navy of Franco.
This leviathan, for whose broadside is hurled at
a single discharge nearly tllfce thousand weight
of metal, ha* recently made her trial trip under
steam: her speed averaged 10 knots. How much
more powerful are such arguments in preserving
peace than all that has been uttered by Cobden
Bright, or Hume 1
Third Cororzssionai. District.—A writer in the
Griffin Jeffersonian suggests W. W. Wiggins, late
of Twiggs county, as a suitable candidate of the
Democratic party for Congress from tho Third
District.
The Postoffice mail carriage alone for the nezt
year, will cost the Government seven million and
filly thousand dollars, besides the eztras live
hundred and flfty-siz thousand dollars—and one
half a million for “miscellaneous.” Congress has
granted the new Postmaster-General, ono million
eight hundred thousand dollars for apprehended
deficiencies undei the new postage law.
M. Guizot has proposed Hon. Edward Everett
for corresponding member of the French Aoade
mj of Monti ud political Soieaoe,