Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

BHfuHf “LATER FROM EUBOBr K. Corrttpondenet of th* O/mmerdal Adt**ti*tr. By Ike Rt*»r»ee Korop*. J }/>ndon, JnUy g 1858. j ßt , ar tnrc of the 'a* l P*®)ret thefunds Krr,£vi2.“ss^“^”- y* * , h . increasing interruylLon lo the healthy tarns sasttsr sss»*£s i* felt the indignation become* more vivid *8 J r‘l,r *bfc after having suppressed every throb r niilar life *ll over the continent, seem* now I' « evety pretence of legality. and £ bihi Z w»r from one end of Europe to the 1 there is no qneetion th»t forbearance with refect to"i* conduct will be carried to the last foXfof endurance. He will be *llowedev e ry Km/vlr that can be dovj.xed, no fh C Mf hi in deurminwi to piovoke hoatilitU* the struggle sr'd Mjs'ooneaquenore will beentirely of hi. owrffeeking and will be correspondingly severe. With thi* conviction of the patience that will be exercised, both by England and Franca, the opin i ftrp ..otwithatanding the abeeuce of the Xhtent intelligence favorable to the P r f"e rv **‘°“ f r f dr! v u Btroncr an it han boon from th/flrst that thewbole affair will vet be ended by tEta So on, can bring fiirn.elt to .up -OC?e that the Emperor of Bosnia can intend to Ewv ott to he last the mad venture he haaenter f', y fln At the *ome time the concloaions of ed upon. At 1 what lb woalrl do under r X.n circumstances, must be held very certain g the course ot a despot, aur unriifc M gmd* w >[id hll(Jiieal( .,i by the servile rounded by c ia»*e» who are now threatened applause wh^ h , ” conaeq uerice* of hie arrogance p °,Vmi!Stt‘Si’b-i»«r of Ewtiuid .»;i in nni ».t» u-.t'iiv «nv act an an irrevocable F h*nen« ITh-iready trlnspi red that the inva- which ha* now taken "ul will not he dealt with a* an immediate came ’ The combined tteeta are, therefore lor reprisal . th# Dardanelles and proceed not expected td 1 HOm e furtlier uet of ag io on t(ed , n the ttn<t stag,, 0 f grestuon shah he come w i|,, it ia presum the movement the plan• P require the lin ed, be to proteat again , ,j troop*, upon median; trUMnd Sfrtain modified an understanding that in tnateuMJ w j|| negotiations lor the satisfaction of be entertained. Meantime, w orl) these arrangement* aud disc about by she diaaf *ome untoward event. h t „f 0 ooutend -2 WhUlty of a compro “‘“■ppoaiH* the absence of all kind, there is scarcefy room to solution. If there had been the Vjjgj tom of want of concert between Eng.a.« France it is probable that nothing would ha lire vented Russia from pursuing her high-handed course up to it* extreme consequences; but al though she is understood to l ave made every effort that intrigue end laviwh expenditure could con trive, to accomplish a disruption of the alliance, she is now aware that she hua signally failed. But although the united action of the two pow ers seem thus far to have been perfect, the public, both in Paris and London, are wholly in the dark as to the conditions of the mutual policy to be pur sued from this moment. A discussion on the snldect which lias already been more than once postponed, was to take place lust night both in the House of Lords and the House of Commons, but bocauso Lord John Kussell is indisposed, it was again put off till the 11th inat. In the perplexities thus occasioned the specula tors are busy with the circulation, from time to time, ol the most alarming rumors. It has bcon f',r a long while inferred that the viewßOl the vari ous members of the English Cabinet sru Dot al together harmonious on the question, and tin: op position journals have repoatedly asserted a break Ul) to be inevitable. Lord Aberdeen, the I renuer, is supposed to entertain a much less decided feel ing in opposition to the enerouohments ot Russia thftu in avowed by Lord John Buhbmll Lord Palmerston, the latter of whom maintains hw usual policy ol i dvo siting a teady ulliauce with France. The knowledge of the existence of this stato of affairs is thus adroitly made use ot so excite oc casional panics. Last evening, for instance, utter the termination of regular business on the Stock Kxc'iuogu, a report was c reuluted uad received with the groutost confidence, that Lord Aberdeen hud ac tually resigned. Olhortales were also made up lo increase theexeitemoiu, to the effect thai the authorities ol the admiralty courts were busily on gaged in preparing letters ot marque, &0., and the desired effect wss produced. Consols were oager lv Ottered at a heuvy reduction, and the transuc tioiiH took place at 97*, oeiug u fall ol one per cent, from the quotation of the previous day. this , n „ r iiiig the lalsehood of the alarm has boon useor and prices in ooiisequonces have shown a favorable .reaction, the market closing to-day at 9f< %' cSfkmerolal affairs generally, the . T lmu-vcontinuestoniunifesttliemos l ' rU ; ! „/l urv vicor be effect of the Tuiknl, dis mnoTelng merefy w losse 1 ' prosperous force ?f the tidf, and not to turn it ,i on The returns of the Board v n « traue tor me month ending the sth of June wero .•“sued yestor d.,v and again show a striking increase '« the de elur’d value of our exportations, as com pared W.th the corresponding month of last year, the total being £7,148,191, againet£s,9Bs,Bßß. Fortho first five months of 1858, the aggregate increase Os our exportal ions over last year has bcon equal to more than 4it percent. The ahipments to Australia heve been amongst the most important causes of this improvement; and as the aeoonnta reeontly receiv ed state that all the supplies which thus tarurriv od had boon disposed ot at high profits, and that there was no immediate expectation ot a glut, it becomes the more satisfactory from that cireum * "Although the excitemeut in the grain market l lim wholly subsided, thcro has thus tar been no re .uuui from the rise of last week. The accounts of the weutlior in France are rather more tavorable, but lours ere now expressed ot a deficiency in Austria Spectator. Kussia ano TniEKT.-Letters from Constantino ple, dated June 48, t.ad been received m l arm. Tht* Turkish admiral, Muntapha I leA ( on* Rtantlnople tor Bcakion the 42-1, to nay his respects to the French ami English admirals. It was said that lie was also to come to an understanding with them us to the mean* to be cinployo-t to tow the Ships in case war broke out. The rediffs, or m.l it u of Smyrna arrived at Constantinople on the ,3 1 and were to leave the same night tor Varna. •I'he Seraskier Muehiri, Minister of W ar, and the -al-in chief ot the imperia guard, were tnuk f"' spa rations for tiieir departure. Several V, », .Sccrh had arrived, un i were about to The preparations for war at U-. ttnnatanti. ed. Thointerpreterofthe legaMon nople is at the head quarters ot the arm'* service to the troope. Biots have takon P'- 00 Smyrna in ot tbe forciblo arrest x an aide-de-camp of Kossuth. By w*y of retalia tion, a marine otfleer, the son of a field matshal, had been assassinated. The hotel of the Austrian oonsul was guarded by Austrian soldiers. It is reported in Paris that ordors Imd been sent to the Kngll li and French Ambassadors at Con stantinople, desiring them not to exceed to the re quest oftho Porto that tho combined flouts should enter tho Dardanelles ao long as tho movements of Kussia are confined to tho occupation of the Prin- clpslilies. These reports originate probably with the Em peror of Kussis. Ou tho other hand, it is con fl uently aliirmoil that both France mid Eugland re gard the iuvasion of the Prt cipelltice as a viola tion o! tho integrity and independence of the Ot toman Empire, and as an act of War, and that the instruotioV which have boon forwarded to Lord Stratford do UcdolitVe and M. de la Four aro to place tho combined tlcota entirely at tho disposal of the Sultan, in the event of Ilia considering and proclaiming tho present lawless invasion of his territory on not of war. Tito ambassadors are di ,-ecU'd to summon tho naval forces of England and Fn'tice tho instant tho l’orte requests it, uut only to m 'ter tho Dardanelles, but to proceed, in the Black 1 '*o«, to whatover operations our ally nmy doom rou uisile ,or hl * W«ty lUU ' advantage. No il iv without tho Grand Vizier and tho Minister Foreign Atfaira having un inter view with the fii-Uish and French Ambassadors, la'r t Kodcliffe had a' PtWate uiubenoe oj tho Em ccror a few days prev.ou-ly. Although tho letters received at Constantinople from various parts ol Europe, are filled with reports of a mcdmiion no boliol is attached to them among tne Turks. It is believed that Knseia had advanced too to re code without disgrace; and, on tlic other hand he exasperation of tho Turks has risen toencli it pitch that it would be dangerous for the Porte to apeak of a compromise. Even the proposal oontan.ed In Bodachid Pasha's uote to Count Nesselrode, to send ail Ambassador to St. Fetemburgh, has pro duced a very bad effect. The following is tbo substance of M. Drouin de Lhuys’s reply to the note of Count Nesselrode:— m' Drouin do Lhuys eommonccs by noticing that, even according to tbo Ku-eian statement ot the case, tho mission of Prii ce MenschikoU had but one object, the settlement of the ditferenecsre lativo to the rights of ditferont communions tn tho Holy Places, and that the diatribuuou ot these rights has been offectcd in a satisfactory man nor Hence, ho couoludea, the question which is now in debate is quite a new one, tor it baa not hing to do with right* claimed at Jerusalem or Bethlehem, while it has everything to do with tho independence and the sovereignty of the Sultau. How nan it be protended that in order to guaran tee possession ot two or three sanctuaries to Chris tians of the Crock church it is necessary to extend over the whole empire an official protection, whieh substitutes the moral authority of the Emperor of Knssia for tln.t which belongs legitimately to the Sultan; M. Drouiu de Lhuys then aualyse* the Nesselrode uote, and tiuds three orders ot agree ments, namely, treaties invoked, historical analo gies established, and grievances alleged. Os the last tie says, Knssia reproaches the Porte with having failed in respect. The l rench Cabinet readily admits that it is lor every government to lodge'tor itself what its dignity requires. But still the reparation ought always to bear some propor tion to the offence: Ordinarily, excuses or regrets constitute tho reparation of an offence o! merely for mal character. Never until now have we seen one sovereign require another in such a case to aban don his moral influence over tho most considera ble portion of his subjects. If Knssia makes a grievance of the tergiversa tion of the Porte in the matter of tho Holy Places, Franco might with equal justice prefer the like complaints. It, however, ha* not done so, because it made * considerate allowance for the embarrass ment of a power which, impelled by two contrary current* of equal force, thought to preserve equilibrium by contracting contradictory obliga tions. M. Dr' uin de Lhuys then enumerates th» various conventions upon which France might have founded demand* as imperious as those now pre'erred by Russia, and concludes—ls, then, the i mentions of France ha.l been lesa conciliatory— if B hc had not been penetrated by the idea that none o's the parties who signed the convention of July IS IS4I, could employ its anterior rights at the rsk o' compromising the repose which Ihe collective guarantee of the lowers was to assure to the Ottoman empire, she would have had the right not only to oppose to the demands of Prince Menschikoff those which are constantly j employed in diplomacy, hut a.so to employ menaces in her turn. Bill France has done nothing *>• 'his kind, and lier moderation, beside removing; from her ah responsibility for the present crisis, g.' v e* her the right of hoping that the sacrifice* which »be has made to maintain tranquility in the East will Brit be lost, and tlie Cabinet of St. I'ctcrsburgb, moved by analogous considerations, will also find means of conciliating its preleusions with the sovereign prerogative > ot the Sultan, and to determine other wise than by force a difference in which *o many parlies are interested. The Porte hue declined the offer of the formation of' the foreign legion. The Circassians assembled near Trebizond are to bo commanded bv Sehamyl. The English and French fleets were at Tenedoa. The garrison at Battouu was to be reinforced. The Turkisi posts had been advanced as tar as Tachehiu. France. — Several af.-ests took place at the door of the Opera Comique, in P«r», ou <>' e uight otthe sth, of person* who were foot'd to have weapons accreted upon them. The offleial police records merely suv that ten or twelve.member* of old aecre’ aocictio* who were disturbing order m the crowd, weio arrested. The arres.s were magni fied by the stockbroker* into an attempt onthe Emperor’s life, and affected the Bourne. Some maintained that the Emperor was really menaced. Jhe French Government has drawn up a novo in replvto Nesselrode’s Riiseian note. It bears the | signature Drouyn del Usya-m firm and temper ate It saeerts that Franoa ha* equal claims to **- I «ert the Protectorate over the I aim Church in the Kast es Russia ha* over the Greek Church, and hones that Kusat* will admit its claim without trespassing on the Eights of Turkey. The note is ably drawn up. The duty of two francs per ton on French ves eells leaving French porta, is abolished. The lenezaelian Minister, Mondoxa, has pre sented his credential*. . , , Italt.—The sentence against Gnermxi had been recorded at Florence, namely, 16 year* hard labor. Montsgia Joumale9o month*. Montenlini, Maxonne, Marochini, Franchini and Mordini, Ex- Ministers of Tuscany, bard labor tor life. Qoma rellai, Ex-Minister of Justioe, was acquituxl.- Tlkwo aevere sentenoea have caused a painful aen sation. , , Cardinal Brighmole died suddenly, and waa anc oeeded by Signor Medici*. The Archbishops of Bodeaux and Tour* had re reived their Cardinal’* hata. The Neapolitan* are much afraid that war in the Ea-t will awaken a new revolution In Italy. Gebwant.—The Zolverein Conference had not opened, the Delegatee not having all arrived at Berlin. Ktaeveh. * * Every thing connected with the discoveries made, and still in progress, on the sit* of the an cient Nineveh, and its neighberhood, is of the profoondeat interest in a religions, and even in a mere'y historical point of view. The Engli-h and French explorers are still at work, contending with friendly rivalry which shall exhume the greatest and most valuable prixes. We find a no tice of their proceedings, durirg the past year in the Beport of tbe Council, read at the late anniversary meeting of the Aaiatic Society of London: The French excavations have revealed many new vuulted passages, colonades, and chambers toll of relies of various kinds, which have been sent to Pari*, and conati ute the nucleus of an Assyrian museum now forming in that city. Tbe collection embraces cylinders, tiles, ornaments, and vessels of beautiful workmanship, in marble, agate, and uarneiian. The museum is to be adorn ed, also, with photographic views of the di*eo veries. taken upon the spot—-‘in many oases,” says tne Athamtum, “colored with the aotoal pig ments found at the same time, among which a splendid cake of ultra-marine is recorded, as big as a pigeon’s egg." This is acurious circumstance, reminding us of the drawings made by Chantrey, tho sculptor, with sepia from the fo-sil ink-bag of an antediluvian cuttle flsb furnished him by Dr. Buekland, the, geologist. The Athen* m gives the following acoount of the English explorations, which is chiefly inter esting from the full notice presented of the re searches of Col. Kawlinson, the most learned and aide of living archa ilogists, who has devoted him self with so much aruor to the elucidation of bibli cal tiistory. “The labors of ouroountrymen, have also been attended with great success ; beautiful gold orna nients, cylinders, vases of sculptured bus-alt, Ac., huye been dug up at Silent Khan. The letters of Col. Kawijnson from time to time have kept the (Joeioty informed of hi? discoveries. In one letter ' * vivee an account of a bronze lion, discovered at v U U "-on", hearing the inscription “E-arhad , bbt .. - qgnqueror of Miser end Cush," don, klugot kin* . Xu another, he inclosed a (Egypt and Ethiopia.; "’’•mtig being cop? Jf an inscription in a Be ppo n one of a numerous collection of insci., _ ' d sheet lead, packed in sepulchral jars, at a place culled Abushndhr. With athird ho com municated a list ot thu Babylonian months, foand on a slab, by thu aid of which the sueoession of events recorded in the inscription of Bisltun may bo upproximutely determined. In the last letter received, he states that he had pre|a-ed, with greut pains, a full account of his recent labors and diseovorie , fir the purpose of being read ut this meeting; hut the mail by which it Led been do spatched had been plundered by the Auezeb Arabs, and it was suia that they were wearing the unknown cuneiform characters as amulets. Col. Kawliuson had ut lengih received the long ex pected cylinders from Kilah Sbergat, a splendid document conaistii g of 800 lines of writing, which contains the bulletins of Tiglath Pileser 1, and is at least 100 yours older than any other doemnent yet discovered. Hesayslhat he cannot attempt to give even u return* of the inscription; but it shows that tho king warred principally in Armenia, Cap padocia, t’ontus, and the shores of the Euxine—and that lie crossed tho Kurdish mountains to tho Eist and the Euphrates to tho West. He overran Northern Syriu and Cilicia, but did not attompt to penetrate towards Palestine. Having fairly en tered upon a period anterior to tho glories of Nittcvehand Calalt, Col. Kawlinson says he does not despair ol ascending up to tho institution of the monarchy. The writing of this inscription of T’iglath Pi esser is better, the language more polished, and the grammatical distinctions more nicely murkod than in later legends. Thiscapita) city Asur is, of course, the Allusar, of Gen sis, of which Artiuch waskitig, and tho Tel-Assar of the Targums, which is used for the Mosuio Kesen.— lie considers the site of Nineveh to be determi nutelj fixed at Nebbi Yunus, Ca'ah at Nimrud, and Kcacti ut Kilah bln rgat. Asiab of fletmache rip’s reeontly found at Nebbi Yunus ia if much interest. It contains an account of two campaigns later apparently than those chronicled in tne an tials—one against Merodach Baladan, - nd the other against the confederated kings ot the East, among whom is a king of the Persians, whose name is unfortunately lost. “The now, broken obelish, from Nimrud, has not vet reached Col. Kawlinson, but he expects much from it, os judging from the description, it is not a dnplicato of the old one. The writer turned, lastly, to his real treasure house of disco very, the d'fbrit, in fact, of the Royal libra ry, of which Layard's collection formed the upper and bettor preserved part. Hete he has fonnd fragments of alphabets, svllabria, and explanations of ideographic signs; also, a table or notation, with tl.e phonetic readings of tho signs, showing that the Assyrians counted by sixties, in exact agreement with thesowos *utot and n*ro», of Be rosstui. The numbers are completely Semitic.— There uro also elaborate dissections of tho Pan tiieon, geographical dissertations explaining the ide-'graptiß for oonntries und cities, designating their products, aud describing their positions; the principal Asiatio rivers and mountains are also given. There are treatises on weights and measures, divisions of time, poin's of the compass, &c., &c. There is au almanac for twelve years, apparently forming a like that of the Mongols. Each year bears a name general ly that of a god, and all the old annals are num bered alter this cycle. Again, there are list* of stones, uietals and trees, or elementary tracts on geology, metallurgy, and botany, and astrot omi e»l and a-trolog cal formulie without end. There are also wtiat appear to be veritable grammars and dictionaries ; and much guess-work will be spared by a sure guide which he has found to the deter mination of idcograpbio signs, and their distinc lion from phonetia characters. The whole ol leetiou is in Iragments; but it jivesamost curious insight into the state of Assyrian science whilst Greece wm» still sunk ill barbarism. Col. B*wlin son Ims found the ideographs tor Warkaor Ereeh, Act ed or Kaskur, Calueh or Niff. r, Ac., and has thua got a sure footing on the slippery ground ot Babylonian geography. Altogether, he expresses himself ‘delighted at the splendid field now open ing out. Ti c labor of carrying through a oom plete of analysis will bo immense ; but the results must bo brilliant.’ He ooncludea with statingthat a splendid ruin, full ot marbles and sculpture, has been recently discovered in Southern Chaldea, at a place called Abu-Shahreip.” The Steam Eire ExoisK.—A communication from the builder of the Cincinnati steam fire en gine, appears in the Journal of the Franklin Insti ti-te for this month. From thi* acoount, we legrn that the boiler ot tbe engine is a contn noua coil of iron pipe, which ia surrounded by the fire. The water injected into this receiver is almost lrnmedi Stely converted into steam, and five minutes only is required to put ttic machine in opperation Four men and four horses is all the force required. As regards the pumping power of tho engine, it is said It oan throw eithcroneor six atrei.n»s, and will discharge about two thousand barrels of water per hour. It has two saotione, six and a half inches in diameter, and 44 feet long, each con sisting ol one pieoo. They are always attached to the engine, oros* each other in front, aud lay book on either side. The greatest throw ot water yet made is 240 feet from' the end of the iiozxcl, mea suring one inch and three quarters, to where the solid body ol tho stream fell, and B*l teat to the poiut reaohed by the spray. Byway ot illustration, wo may notice its perform anoe at otto fire, to show the effect produced by this tnaohute, compared with that by the hand ap paretus. A fire occurred on the 80th of May, 1858, on Twelfh and Main streets, at 8 o’oloek p. m.; tbe alarm was givcu, the steam engine ran eight squares, laid her hose, which was one square from the fire and pntthcflr-t water rn the fire, which was all done in a out five minntes; tilt hand appa ratus, not withstanding there were some of then sta tioned only two squares from the fire, were not at work until, the steam engine was under way. 11l eight and a half hour*’ work (making due allow ance for loss of water,) ahe poured into the fire about 15,000 barrels of water; jt was a large brewery, with ole cellar • tho wind waa high, and nothing hnta cataract of water oould have aavui the entire square from destruction. This will show wlnit can bo done with steam in putting out Area. Arrangements are now making for four more of these machines by the Chief Engineer of the fire department. This wi 1 givo the fire department ofCinuiuuati the greatest strength of any in the Union. Or it IsnsurKtisK** Abroad. —There has been no time in many year* when our indebtedness abroad was piling up so fast a» now. It is in tho shape of bonds, chiefly for railroad purposes, and issued by States and cities and eouuties and towns. Tlie materials for which these bonds were issued, could have been a- well suppliod at home, under a dif ferent revenue system, a*d would have enormous ly developed our own resource* ; would have built up hundred* of towns and village*, and raised the value of agricultural property. At present every thing looks smooth and pleasant; labor is high, trade is active, and the country is prosperous; but pay day will come, and if there should ever be any special reasons to make it inconvenient for u» to pay, tl:esc very reasons will make our creditor* more auxious for their money; the bonds will come back upon us to he exchanged for specie, the basis of our circulation, and will cramp tog money market and bring disaster and distress upon »<;ci mercc. It is with nations as with individual*. It they run in debt beyond tbeir means of payment; if they mortgage their property and pledge their future earning*; if they strain their credit to buy that which they can as well make at home or do without, iheconseqnenue* ore plain; and, rlthough tliev may be postponed tor tlie phile, they must be finally met.— ProrUence Jour. ARRssTorCorvTEKMiTaa*.—The police of Bos ton have arrested five men, named Ohas. Fomroy, Lorenzo Moulton, Charles Burbank, Leland A. Wilkiusou aud Edward Hartwell, charged with passing counterfeit bills on the Casco Bank, Port land, Mo. This counterfeit is just issued, and is so well executed that it is readily taken, and has been extcnsivelycireulated. In a barn near where they were arrested, fourteen hundred dollars ot thecounterfeit bills were found. They were all committed to jail. Another of the gang of coun terfeiters, named Sherman Nicholas, was arrested at Lowell tor passing counterfeit Casco Bank bills; two hundred and ten dollars of that money was found on him. The Cross, Ac., in Alabama.— The Greensboro’ Beacon of the 15th itet. say* : Within the last two week* this section has been favored with several refreshing rains, though gen : orally they have been light and of short duration. In some neighborhoods they have had, we under stand, us Time! i as was needed : but here the irronnd has no: yet been wet to a depth of probably more thuu one or two inches. The effect ofthe rains has been to somewhat cowl the atmosphere and to re vive vegetation. Cotton and late planted corn have already considerably improved. In regard to the cotton crop, though the appear ance of the weed at thisseasou affords by no means u reliable test us to what the yield will be, as the most disastronscasualiiiesto whieh ootton is liable, occur in August and September, yet, we find the opinion quite general among the planter* that the crop cannot be a good ono. The weed is general ly remarkably small, aud before the rains set in was blooming to tlie top, which is an unfavorable indication.—We were shown a few days ago part of a cotton stalk grown on postoak laud, which had a tap root about lialf an iuch long, and in circum ference about equal to a medium sized darning needle. Nor had it any lateral roots at all. Colton in that condition caD hardly do much. Importation of I oreign Cont cts—A commu nication iu the K<w kuru Journal of Commerce asserts tha’ the writer, wl en in Europe, saw oon victs en route to the seaports, to he sent to the Un ted States, from the small principalities of Germany, which are too poor to pay the expense of prisons. There is no doubt tkst this system is pmoused to a considerable extant in various parts of Europe. AwMrteaa Trade ««* CMae. The insurrection in China has lately drawn pub lic attention to that country. Its probable suc cess has raised tbe most sanguine expectations respecting tbe future trade between the two na tions. Under these circumstances our readers will thank ua, we know, tor a statement of the condition of that trade during the last twenty years. A series of tables, in Hunt’s Merchant's Magazine, places us in possession of the required information. In 1881, the total export* of domestic products from the United States to China, amounted to but $444,790, orlese than half the value of wheat an nually seDt to market from any fertile county in Pennsylvania. These exports consisted princi pally of spermaceti-candles, ginseng, fur*, tobac co, provisions, and domestic cottons, the value of tbe last being a boat one-filth of tbe whole export. ! ■ the same year the imports from China into the United States, reached (3,088,206, or more than eleven times as much as the exports sent in re turn. Tne principal articles sent were silks, teas and cottons. The value of the former was $1,806,822, of the teas, $1,418,045, and ofthe cottons, $87,214. Thus, as late as 1831, oar im ports of cotton goods from China were nearly double our exports to that country of the same article. Twenty years, however, have worked a great change. The exports to China, in 1861, were $2,155,945, or nine time* what they were in 1881. The principal item in these exports were domes tic cottons, of which $1,894,418, were exported, or nearly forty times as much as in 1831. Indeed, these fabrics form now the chief article of ex change between the United btates and ChiDa, the Celestials little of nny other product from this nation. The imports from Chi na, in 1851, were $7,065,144 or a little more than doable what they were twenty years ago. Since 1842, no cottons whatever, have been introduced into this country from China. The principal items of import stiil continue to be tea and silks. But while the consumption of tea has more than trebled, the import for 1351 being $4,688,629, that of silk remains nearly stationary, the import for 1851, being only $1,546,049 or less than ten per cent, over what it was in 1831. In fact, for a long series of years, the import of silk declined, falling as low a* $79,079 in 1843. But since that year it has rallied, and continues slowly increasing, though it uever rose again to the old amount of 1831, until 1851. There has been, however, a large and generally steady increase in the impor tation of raw silk, in 1831, the amount was $76,144, while in 1861 it was $813,104. About twenty thoasand dollars worth is the annual ave rage of Chinaware imported. It thus appears that while China buys goods, every year to the value of two millions, of the ; United States, the United State* in return pur chases goods of China to the value of seven mil lions annually. A portion of this difference ot five millions is paid in foreign goods, exported to Cbi -1 na from American porta. But the great hulk re mains to be paid for in specie, and is so paid for, ' not indeed by shipping coin, but by the pur chase of bills. Owing to the opium trade, China is generally in debt to British India, and Atneri can merchants buy the bills drawn against this debt. But, though this circuitous plan of liqui i dating the ba aaoe of trude against us is adopted for motives of commercial convenience, the fact i remains that every year it requires nearly five r millions of dollars to make up the deficiency in i the China trade. As it is not probable that the Chinese will, even in case of a change of dynasty, want things that they do not require now, there is littlo prospect of increasing, t' uuy very great degree, our ex l>orts to that country. Manufactured cottons are almost the only tbiug the Celestials want from u». Thedreants of a ,v6i,t accession to our trade with China, which many persons entertain, appear to ••a. therefore, to be quite visionary.— Philadelphia Interesting MtsottLsttr.—lNiT ,lBW M ( ®_B* AT j®‘ Tick A gentleman who keeps the run o, .* c ”* figures aud babies, has just laid before “ an inquir ing world the following statistics: The whole number of languages spoken in the world amount to 8084, viz: *B7 in Europe, 887 in As''a, 278 in Africa,and 1864 in America, 'fhe in habitants of our globe profess more than 1,000 different religion*. The number of the men is a bout equal t< the number of women. The aver age of human life is aboat 83 years Ono-fourth die previous to the ago of seven tears, one-ualt before reaching 17 years of age, and those who pass that age enjoy the felicity (?) refused to one halt the human species. To every one thousand per sons, only one rcacheß one hundred years of age; to every one hundred only six reach the age of 66, and not more than one in 500 live to 80 years of age. There are on the earth 1,000,000,000 inhabitants and ot these 388,383,338 die every year, 91,824 every day, 8780 every hour, 60 every minute, or 1 every second. These losses are about balanced by an equul number of births. The married arb longer lived than tho single, and abovo all, those who observe sober and industrious condnot. Tall men live longer than short ones! Women have more ehanccß of life in their favor previous to be ing 60 years of age, than men, but fewer after wards. The number of marriages is in proportion of 175 to every 1000. Marriage* are more frequent after the equinnoxos—that is, during tho months of Juneuud December. Those born in the Spring are generally moro ro bust than others. Births and deaths are more fre quent by night than by day. Tho number of men capable of working or nearing arms is calculated at ono fourth of tho population. Somo of theso statements are rather singular, and yet many of thorn aro snsoeptible of an easy solu tion. The marriages take place more frequently in Juno and December, than other months of the yoar. was just what we have always suspooted was the case. Those who matry in June, do so be causo they can’t help it; while those who connn bialize in December do so, doubtless, to guard against the chilly pillows which distinguish the frost-bitten months of winter. The raatohes which come off in June aro commonly love-matches, and are brought about by green fields and the conta gious influence of boblinks and yellow birds; wliilst those which happen in tfecember are brought about, in a degree, by mixing plain math ematics with the market value of flannel under garments. — N. V. Dutchman. An Iron Village. —lronton, on the Ohio Hivcr, the capital of Lawrence county, Ohio, was begun fonr years ago next month, by a company of as sociated capitalists, who bsught SSO acres of river bottom anil 4,500 acres of hill land for tho site, in serting in all their cottveyaDces or leases an ex press condition that no intoxicating liqmrsshould ever be sold on the land so conveyed. This con dition has been enforced and respected, so that tnere is not a nun-hole for a loafer to lean against in the place, though it ha* now 2,500 inhabitants, with four churches built or boiug built, a railroad extending fifteen miles into tho iron region, and soon to be pushed through to tho H llsborough and Parkersburg road, 44 miles, bringing it into connection with Philadelphia and Baltimore. Un finished ns it is, and with little business beside the freighting of coal and iron ore, this road is now paying eighteen pev cent, on its cost; its Juno re ceipts naving been $2,800; running expenses $1,000; net earnings SI,BOO. It is now bringing into Ironton the product often blast furnaces, es timated at 20,000 tons per annum, and will soon reach live more such. Ironton has a manufactory of railrond iron, with two more in progress—one of them capable of turning ont fifty tons per day, beside two large tounderie», a machino shop, Ac., Ac. Coal is delivered at those works for $1 per ton. A Court-house, Jail and Union SohoolHouse; tho latter, beside a public grove of twenty acres of original forest, are among the p iblie edifices. Ironton Im- hud and is having the most rapid growth of any town in the U. States, except Law rence, Mass., and its population can hardly bo exceeded in general morality and intelligence.— Jf. T. Tribun*. The People’s Palaor —What tho World’s Ex hibition is to be, has only yet begun to be visible. The boxes, bales, crates and paokages often con taining tho eoptliest and most beautiful wares for display here, which remain nnopetied in the Palace aud the Custom-House, would suffice to mako a very creditable Exhibition of themeeives. We should say that fully one-fourth of the goods are still undisplayed, thongh an army of workmen are constantly and actively employed in opening und arratigingthom. Weregret to learn that con siderable »o?s by breakage—the result of slip shod packing and of reckless handling— : s reveal ed by tho opening of packages, especially among the mirrors and other fragile wares from Eng land. Although a view of tho lutorior of the naked building is of itstlf worth the price of admission, and although thereare more goods already dis played than any one oould even cursorily examine in a week, we reiterate our advice that those at a distance, who can choose their own tin,* for visit ing the Exhibition, do not come tor weeks yet.— Those who have leisure end means may as well see the Palace as it is and mark its growth at in tervals ot not more than a week to perfootiou ; but for the million who can mako but one journey to the city during the Exhibition, wo would name the lat'ot September us early enough to commence their visits ; thence throngh that month and Oc tober tho Fair will be at the height of its glory.— It i*a pleasant placoto while away a leisure sum mer day —000 l airy and shielded from tho sun’s rays, tnongh so abundantly lighted—but from those who can sec it but once, we bespeak a visit when noempty niche, no iuch of vacant space, no ttnapeued package shall remain to mar its expres ajon. New York may never have another such Exhibition—let this bo enjoyed to the utmost.— Jf. T. jf ribun*. The DanT»la“ Pbhucisautjjb.—To the eastward of Huuirary, intervening betweeu tile |»nd of Kos suth and tne laud of the Czar, lios Moldavia. Jt constitutes, on tho map, n sort of promontory or arm reselling up into ttie dangerous neighborhood of Russia, along the banks of the I’ruih, irotn the Soint where that estuary discharges into greater ood of the Danube. Many years ago, before the Russian* bad discovered the superior value of diplomacy as a means of aggrandize merit, over the old fashioned way of big armies and positive bard knocks, Bessarabia formed a most flourishing port of Moldavia, affording it a sea-coast on the Euxine and a river line on the Danube. In the year ISI2, it wasannoxod, forcibly, to tho dominions ot the Emperor Alexander. So the Moldavia of to day is entirely inland; touching Poland upon the north, Knssia upon the east, Transylvania at the west, Wallachia at the south; and covering a surface of about 17,000 square miles—an area about equal to that of Massachu setts and Vermont put cogattier. Crowded togeth er closely on this soil, live considerably more than 1,419,105 people of Sciatic origin; the census of l«£s, which affords us these figures, being the latest ot w tit si. we have information. Jassy is the capi tal city. WaJlaohia hes a* thp south of Moldavia and Transylvania, reachiug from Servia at the West, to Bulgaria upon the south ami aarl. Its area is pretty nearly 25. 'OO square miles—not yarying materially from that of South Carolina. Its inha ‘ bltauts, timbering more than two millions and a hai/ofoOuls—ore an extremely composite body;— a large part v tracing .‘heir origin distinctly to the Roman Kil tsfr Coiouasi established along the Danube by Trsjsn arid his successors; others, re mounting to the early Greek?; a *ssi fcpdy owing Slavic affinities; and the rest man* »p of UirSnj ing, busy Turks, Jews, aud Gipsies. Bucharest is the capital. Servia, the third of the Principalities, is about equal in superficial extent to Moldavia, and con tains a million of Inhabitants. The principal town is Belgrade. The religion of these three provinces is the same as that of Russia; and so are their ethnologi cal affinities. Polit oai events have, however, serv ed to weaken the tie.—A'. Timet. Fatal Mistaeb — Retribution.—A few days since, sever*) of the crew on the steamer Franklin Pierce tapped a cask of whiskey, as they supposed, and drank pretty freely of its contents. The liquor made them dreadfully sick, and two of the party died in convulsions. One ofthe others was not ti peeled to live at the last accounts, aud a fourth, who fortunately drank but asmali portion ofthe li quor, recovered. These tnen were stealing the li quor from the hold to driuk, and instead of whis ker imuibed some poisonous drug, which brought a speedy retribution upon their heads.— LouieviUe Courier. New Motive I'owfr. —M.dnTrembay, a French gentleman, has built asteamer which is worked by the vapor of ether; and it appears that the same force and the same speed are obtained at one-hall the expenditure of era), and with engines which occupy less room. The ether presents ai-o some other minor advintages, amongst which the in ciustation of t 0 boilers is not the least. The ether propelled >e*sel has been tried with success in the sea off Marseilles, aud has been sent on a voyage to Algiers. Goldsmith knew a thing or two. He always considered the person whose clothes were ex tremely flue as not being possess I'd of any suberior ityof fortune, but re-einoling those Indian* who are found to wear all the gold they have in the world in a bob at the nose. The population of the Austrian Colonise is esti mated at seres hundred thousand. From the London Spectator. BrUiita Huibcmm. A Yorkshiie paper contains a timely wartime to the cloth manufacturer:, of England. The moet important of our markets nnqcestionably is that of the United S ate*; one of the most important of our exports U that of woolen cloth: and in this trade some of oar Continental rivals are gaining upon ns rather aerioosly. The American import tables show an increase of Belgian cloth from 93,196 dollars in 18*910 475,582 in 1951; while the increase of German cloth is still more remarkable; it was, from 16,818 dollars in 1840 to 1,411,288 dol lars in 1851. In the same period English cloth actually sank from 4,490,880 dollara to, 8,785,070 dollars. It wonld be a very ungenerous commer cial bigotry which ehonld regard with dislike the advances even of a rival; and oar trade has been upon the whole so good, that we might view these successes of onr Belgian and German neighbors without diapleaaure if it were pimply the advance of their commerce. A decline of English com merce is s more unpleasant matter, but still worse when we have ground to suppose that there is a reason for it of a very ugly kind. When Mr. Bnse feilJ Ferrand made hia great denunciation of “devil’s dust,” and “shoddy cloth,” he was met by a shout ol derision and denial. It was quite natural that even a truth stated by a man so vehe neutin hi» partisanships, and so wanting in self command, should be easily discredited: neverthe less, in spite of the indifferent credit due to the channel by whioh the fact reached ns, it was to a great extent true ; and the words of Bnsefeild Fer rand have since been remembered by many an angry customer, who has fonnd his cloths giving way while they were yet new. Indeed, it has been known that cloth has been tom in the simple act of trying on, withont an undne violence. The reason has been, the very general adulteration of the tissue with precisely the materials denounced by Mr. Ferrand—shoddy cloth; old materials made up again, or other expedients to pass off rubbish nnder the appearance of well made cloth. There used to be a time when to say of any manu factured commodity that it was “English” implied ipso facto that it waa sterling—sauna to the heart made to stand wear and tear, and defyingserntiny to prove any falsity in its pedigree. That time has passed; and we may well say that the decline of English repute in that respect has reached an alarming point, when even the manufacture of woolen cloth, ao long identified with our national name, has ceased to be sterling. The adulteration, which endeavors to steal an additional profit for the vendor by a deception upon the purchaser, may filch a dishonest gain for the vendor in the first instance; but after a time the purchaser learns the trick, and then the vendor has to pay for his dishonest lucre by seeing his trade abandon him. Such things have happened as the loss of trade, not only to individuals but even to communities and to nations. Some years ago there was a stuff well known in this country as Nankin cloth, colloquially “nan keen,” which had the recommendation of being a wholesome summer wear, and of being excessively durable. It was much used,in various cases for jackets, trousers, and children’s clothing, as com bining lightness and durability ; und those quali ties extended a übc which could not have been ac corded to any beauty that it possessed. The con sumption was great, aud at a certain period it ex panded considerably. The merchant and the manu facturer probably thought that their profits should be iaereased by diminishing tbo original cost and substituting an inferior article; at all events it was found in practice that nankeen did not possess the quality of durability which was originally thought to be implied in the very name; the article fell into discredit, into disuse; and thetradedeclined. At tempts were made to recover it, by the only legiti mate means—by restoring the sterliug quality of the stuff; and that was done, but the lost traffic was not regained; and the trade, which was once sterling as the cloth itself is extinct. There is no in;perishabio immunity for English trade; its tenure can only be fairly earned by do ing suitand service in'he way of sterling work; and it English commodities follow tho example of nan'nee!! 10 foreign markets, the trade will under go a like fate. We could parrallel the story of nan keen cloth in anecdotes of needles without eyes, or of watches warranted to go tor twenty four hours, with othor examples of sharp practice; aud indeed these tricks, although not hazarded to the same de gree, are to a certain extent copied through the deterioration of Englisti w*iss in other things than woollen clothß. Much o'' the ir n manufac ture has been observed of late years to show tra ces of flaws in the manufacture, in which veu . der must have winked. The frauds in the build ing trade are notorious; but as wo do not export housos, tho discredit and the discomfort are luck ily kept at home. It is in the export con modifies that the deterioration is most mischievous; and while we look with pride to the enormous ex expanßion of our exports during the present year, we may well ask ourselves whether it is safe to send abroad so many samples, as there most be in these exports, of fraudulent cheapness l Wo are the moro induced to call attention to those oiroumstanecs since there are evident signs of a better spirit in the staple trade which gave its name to the English weapon of old. Tho Germans we are told by the Halifax Guardian, which im ports this “hint from Berlin,” attributes their success “ to the superior excellence of their blue black dye, to their production of a firm, close-wo ven body of cloth, mellow, and a short knap, boaring a natural gloss, not due to too much dress ing and deviling, and affirm that the American prefer light clothe*, possessing the above desider ata to thick heavy goods.” Now, ingenuity cer tainly is no want in the English manufacturer; we can make up an article, if it is to be a question of manufacturing skill, to suit tho fancy of any peo ple; and wo could of course hit the notion of the Yankee “to a t.” The only doubtful point is, whether we can convince him that the article is what it looks like; aud with a comparatively little time that also can bo done. There has been reac tion oven at home against the fraudulent cheap ness ; and a demand for better kinds of cloth has been noticed in Yorkshire, as a characteristic of the trade of this year. It is a wholesome charac teristic, and it is one that the manufacturers can not do too tnuoh to encourage; for although a fic titious cheapness may give a sudden expansion to a trade, it carries with it the seeda of destruction; and we are convinced that a few years more of “ flash” exports would tend to bring one of those crashes from which we might find moro difficulty in recovering than we did from tho railway crash of 1347, or the glut in foreign markets of 1842 aa insuperable a difficulty, perhaps, lor somo im portaut branches of our trade, as was experienc ed in the manufacture of naukeen cloth. From the New Orleans Picayune. Arista's Letter to Santa Anna. Geu. Arista, ox-President of Mexico, publishes in the form of an advertisement, in the London Times, an official denial of the letter published in the Diario de la Marina of Havana, as having been addressed by him to Santa Anna’s Minister of War, Tornel. Gen. Arista gives a true oopy of the letter he wrote to Gen. Tornel, and ho wishes the public to mark that it contuins nothing about annexation. He gives no exposition of l.is views, and as his letter to the Mexican Minister of War differs somewhat from the one published by that gentleman in the city of Mexico, wo copy it: “Ercelentitimo Senur —Col. Andrade delivered to me, at 0 A. M. of the Bbth ult., at my estato of Nanae-Amilpa, your Excelleucy’s note of the 87th, and at 1 o’clock,!’. M. of yesterday I wus en route tor this port, as had been exacted of me. I have just arrived, and to-day 1 leave the Republic. I cannot conceive wherein or why my residence in the country can be an obstacle towards maintain ing tranquility and public order, when I of my own free will havo descended from the highest magistracy, resigning it into the hands of the au gust Chamoers in order not to be considered as wanting of the constitution. An arbitrary act is carried out against mo. Without any crime, a oruel punishment, unknown to cur laws, is impos ed upon me for the sole purpose of tranquillizing those who at present govern by means of a revo lution which can scarcely bo understood by its strange results. I do, however, solemnly protest against suoh an act of tyranny, and I shall demand, as a Mexican citizen, the reparation due to me for the detriment and damage to which theaot sub jects me. Dios y Libertad. Vern Cruz, May 5,1558. Mariano Arista. To the Minister of War and Marine.” The history of this correspondence is as follows: The first or annexation letter wus furnished to the Diario de la hlanr.u by its Vera Cruz correspon dent, with the distinctassertion that it was handed to him by the secretary of Gen. Arista for publi cation. As soon as i reached Mexico it made a great noise, and the Minister of War denied its truth and published his version of Arista’s letter, and now this gentleman publishes a different one. From our knowledge of the Spanish character, we incline to the belief that the whole matter has been a little political pulse feeling by the ex-President, which not turning out a* be anticipated he now denies. Why Mr. Jenkins ought to be Electee. Keasons for this are aa “plentiful as blackberries jn June,” so tlmt wo must mention only a few as a sample of the whole. In the first placed Mr. Jenkins is an honttl poli tioian. We challenge his opponents to point to u single fact in his long and brilliant career which oasts the shadow of a suspicion on his political in tegrity. No party ties have ever influenced him to depart a hair’s breadth from the path of rectitude and honor. When his political associates have done wrong, he has manfully refused to partici pate ip th* wrong, and tor a season has fallen into untyeritpd ditsfevqr. A politician of such Spartan virtno is a world’s wonder in these days of oring ing parasites and brawling demagogues. Secondly* Mr. Jenkins is a moat profound states man and Jurist. Ho has not exhausted thestrength of his manhood in the pursuit of office, nor has be blunted his moral sensibilities or warped hia judg ment by paltry political intrigues. He has through life been a patient and laborious student of his profession, but has not unfrequently wandered in to this dop,tin of polite literature. No man in Georgia excels liju, in various atm elegant learning, and as a forcible, yet plegsapt, speaker, he has long been without a rival, excepting J ttdgo Serpen. Thirdly, Mr. Jenkins is thoroughly conversant with the condition and wants of the State, and has ever been in an especial degree devoted to the ad vancement of Georgia’s prosperity. He has beeu the piaadtast friend of every measure that pro mised to be beneficial to the State, and while others have become enthusiast# on National questions, he lias bestowed tha greatest attention on the diversi fied interests of Georgia. Fourthly, Mr. Jenkins has always manifested a proper jtgard for the rights of the States and a zealous attachment to the Union. When Johnsou and his confederates were hatching treasonable plots, and preparing to subvert the best Govern uient the world ever saw, Jenkins was endeavor ing to concoct a scheme to reseno the States from the all-devouring Maelstrom of Consolidation, and at ti|« same time preserve the people from the horrors of Anarchy and Civil War. The Georgia Platform was the product of these labors. Our .-outhern Rights opponents labored with the en ergy of desperation to destroy that Platform and to degrade Georgia from the patriotic and elevated position she had a-aumed, to that of a satellite of SQUtJi Carolina. Jenkins was again in the fore front of the battle, bravely upholding the meteor flag of our country, as it now rose and fell amidst the changing fortunes b/ contest. At last we prevailed—and McDonald and hia' chief captains, and mighty men, were dr’ven away, pursued by the hisses and execrations of the Oaten-loving peOpi?- One oft chief-captains of McDonald is now before the people 3?r the office of Governor, and Mr. Jenkins is Lie opponent. Can the honest Union men ot it* State bepuuie solitary moment in reference to their duty in tins .emergency I last them come up like patriot*, P n( l gl v 'fl 106 enemies of the V nion another signal rebuke bj triumphant ly suadiiping the Father of the Georgia ri»ttorm. —Rome Courier. Something tor Farmers*. — W* saw, yesterday, the model of a machine for cutting cora in the stalk. It is partially upon the plan of Mr. McCor mick's reaping machine, and is designed to cnt two rows of corn at a time. Between two wheels there is an axle, to each end of which is attached a knife for cutting each row of corn. To the axle is also attached shafts for the horse which polls the machine. The horse wanes between the rows of corn, and the knife just on the inside of each wheel cats the corn, which falls on a bed or place to catch it, in a manner resembling the operations of a wheat reaper. The bed which catches the corn opens in the centre, at the pleasure of the opera"'', to discharge the coruin bundles. We are imormed that with one man and a horse, the machine will cnt 80 acres of corn per day. It is an invention of a citizen of Illinois.— Eickmon,i Enquirer. A London paper announces, “bv submarine telegraph,” the important and startling intelli gence that a new ukase has been published in the kingdom of Portland prohibiting the wearing of false hair by the women of the Jewish nation. Soveral infringements of this new law have al ready been punished. In New York there is a gTeat deal of inquiry making for new metallic mines out of which to form new companies. Parties are not only out in the southern and western States, as well as in the interior of the State of New-York, but we learn that two diat net seta of capitalists have dis patched geologists to New Grenada, to make ex plorations for the purpose of mining. WEEKLY Cjjnmidc & Sktitiurl. AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. WEDNESDAY MOUSING, .-. JULY 87, 1853. FOR GOVERNOR, CHARLES J. JENKINS, OF RICHMOND. For Congress—Eighth District, ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS, or TALIAFERRO. To Correspoogents. “ Constitution” is informed, that we have twice published the speech of Mr. IVxbstzb on the com promise, made on the 7th of March 1850, andas our readers are presumed to be familiar with it, we cannot consent to occupy our columns with iso lated extracts, cut hero and there from it, to endea vor to prove him a "Freesoiler.'’ It is somewhat remarkable, after making that speech, he should have been so vehemently denounced by the Free soilers, if be had been one. Burke, is altogethertoo prolix. Correspondents must condense, otherwise we are compelled to exclude their favors. “It is unqualifiedly false that ‘General Pieroe appoints men to office because they are known to be freesoiiers.’ W 6 repeat what we have said be fore—that Gen. Pierce has appointed no man to office knowing or believing him to be a freesoiler; and he stands pledged to correct any such appoint ment into which he may have inadvertently fall en, when the fact of present freesoilism ia fixed on any of the appointees.”— Washington Union. The above is the reply of the IVashington Union to the charge of the Boston Atlas, that men were appointed to impcrtant offices by Gen. Pierce, “ because they were known to be Freesoiiers.” If that is not tho reason for the appointment of Dix, of New-York, aa Sub-Treasurer; of Campbell, of Illinois, as Commissioner to settle Land titles in California; of Maloney, as Register of tho Land Office at Chicago; of Gray, the editoro* the Plain dealer, as Postmaster at Cleveland, Ohio; of Vroom, as Charge to Eeiiin, and the notorious and infa mous If. J. Brown, as Special Agent of the Post Office Department, we should like to know what was the reason that secured the appointment for them. Every man knows, that there are thousands of conservative Democrats, men who stood by the Compromise in the hour of peril, who are equally capable for the discharge of the respective duties, as these men—that there are thousands of men of as much capacity, equal inte grity, aud much more sound in politics, on this great question, than either of the appointees. ' Then, why wore they not appointed, if it was not because they were not Freesojlers? And why were the others appointed, if it was not because they are, and have been for years, open and avowed Freesoiiers. What other reason can be assigned for such uppoiutments, but their Freesoil princi ples. There were numerous applicants for these offices, the equuls of the appointees in every re quisite lor'ho office, but they wore not Freesoiiers —tho appointees are. Tho Union stultifies itself and the Administra tration by the declaraltion, that Gen. Pierce ap points no man to office “ knowing or believing him to be a Freesoiler." Wc doubt, seriously doubt, if the annals of American journalism can furnish such another bald, unscrupulous assertion as the above. The President’s cheeks must have been suffused with blushes, when he read that sentence. For it presupposes a degree of ignorance on his part, which does not attach to any intelligent fif teen year old boy in the Union, whose father takes a newspaper. What! the President not know that John A. Dix, Peter D. Vroom, W. J. Brown, Gray, of the Plaindealer, and Maloney and Camp bell were notorious Freesoiiers! The thing is preposterous, absurd in the extreme. And the President will removo them if “ present freesoilism" is attached to them. Indeed! Well where is the recantation of any one of these? Where uttered, and on what occasion? If they have made aDy, let it be proclaimed to the world. And until such recantation is proclaimed, the American people will hold tho Administration re sponsible for appointing them “ because they are Freesoiiers." TheCassville Standard, a supporter of the Ad ministration, cannot summon the hardihood to approve of these appointments, but seeks to palliate tho offence of the Prcsidoutinthefollowingarticle. Where lurks the patriotism of a public journalist or a citizen, who in the face of such facts, thus seeks to palliute such an offence against cood go vernment and sound conservatism ? But to the Standard's effort to excuse the President, here it is, lame and impotent as it is possible to conceive. Gen. Pierce and Freesoilism. —Much dissatis faction has been created by Gen. Pierce in his ap pointments, because some of said appointments were from free soil ranks ; and the question is re peatedly asked—docs ho sympathize with that class —is it beca use they are free-soilors, that ho thus ap points them? Wo do not, nor ever can believe, that our present Chief Magistrate is so recreant to his oft-repeated hatred of them, his known opinion in regard to them, appoint officers from ranks known to bo at enmity with their country—dovoid of all love for that Union which ho has so long and repeatedly lauded and fought in defence of. No, never! Wo do not defend Mr. Pierce in his appoint ments, nor do we express the least friendship for those appointed. On the contrary, we believe that sympathy for them would >0 kindness bestowed on those we now hold as our enemies, and tho enemies of our common country, provided they are now free-soil in sentiment. But wc repeat Mr. Pierce did not appoint such because of their freo-soilism; we have no question but that they were exalted becauso lie thought them capable, and sound upou Democratic doctrine: and if ho had been aware, or rather had reflected upon the antipathy that existed towards such, amongst con servative men, generally, they could not have oc cupied present positions. Not simply that he would strengthen himself—add to his own poDU larity—but because of his respect for the South— his innate sense of justice. “ mowing for (lie the Boys.” The Federal Union says it has “ received a let ter from a friend in Habersham,” upon which it bases the following blast for the boys: “ We aro rejoiced to hear that our prospects are highly encouraging; the nomination of Judge Johnson, says tho writer, is well received here, and our friends are in high spiriU." Wo are truly glad to learn that they have “en couraging prospects” in one county of the State, and wo should bo pleased if the Union could in fuse a little of the “ high spirits" of its Habor sliatn friends to the supporters of the Secession ists in this section of Georgia, for we do not re collect ever to havo seen a more dispirited and de sponding f et. Immediately after the nominations, they wero noisy and threatened to carry tho State by 25,000 majority; but a few weeks have so ef fectually taken the wind out of thoir sails, that those of them aooustomed to bet on elections can not he induced to bet even—some asking as much as 5,000 to 10,000 odds to induce them to lay a wager on the Secession candidate. ludcod, we have never seen a candidate and his backers let down so suddenly in our whole experience. Those of them who are among the most sagacious, and who are always as eager to seize upon what they regard a good bet as a hnugry trout i? to devour a min now, treat a proposition for an even bet with that sort of significant look and sardonic smile, wbioh plainly enquires, “ Do yon see anything green in my eye f ” Indeed, it requires but a slight effort of tho imagination to fancy you see tho thumb of his right hand in contact with the point of his nose, and by the peculiar gyrations of his fingers say ing, “ No, you don't." Col. Murphy Decline!. We learn from the Atlanta Republican that the Hou. Charles Muhpht, in consequence of ill health, declines the canvass for Congress in the Fourth Congressional District. Th# Republican thereupon suggests “ that the Conservatives of the Distriot, in each county, hold a meeting on tho first Tuesday of next month, to appoint delegates to a convention to bo held at Newuan on Thursday thereafter, being the 4th day of August. The times call for action.” The Republican is entirely correct in saying, the times call tor prompt action, net the Conserva tive men, therefore, be on the alert, let their con vention be full and harmonious in its action, and all will be well. With a discreet nomination, they can carry the District easily. They have in their raukß men of worth, excellence and ability, alto gether superior, intellectually, to the Secession can didate, Mr Dent, and they should he careful to se lect such a standard bearer as will rally their en tire strength. As wc feel a deep solicitude in this matter, with out a desire to interfere, or disposition to dictate, we take the liberty of suggesting the name of a gentleman who, in our opinion, unites all the ele ments of success in an eminent degree, and who will reflect credit upon the District and honor up on himself. W e allude to Dr. Slaughter, of Cobb county. He is a man of fine capacities, thorough ly Conservative in his feelings and principles, and fully and cordially identified with the Conservative party of the State. Apart from these, there are, we think, many other considerations which will natnra’ly suggest themselves to the minds of the sagacious and discreet men of the district, in fhvor of his nomination, provided he will consent to accept. Wc make the suggestion without any consulta tion with Dr. S., (who is personally unknown to us,) or his friends, and do not know that he can be induced to accept a nomination, though we nbpi i? will, and that he may be selected as the standard beiref.- The Secession Press-Tbe Atlanta Bank. It is s fact, worthy to be noted, that the only presses in Georgia that are trying to give the At lanta Bank a circulation and credit, a sing e exception, we believe,) are the organs of the Se cessionists. This is the same party that, in the days of Jacksoaism, advocated and vindicated the 44 Pet Bank iytUm ” of the Old Hero, which flood ed the country with such a mass of irredeemable “ rag money." They are the same party that, at a later period, under the administration of that prince of financiers, (?) Charles J. McDonald, made such havoc with the currency and credit of Georgia. It is rather a significant fact, which the people should note and remember, that they are now seeking to give credit end circulation to the bills of the Bank of Atlanta. Francis s. Bartow Esq., of Savannah, has been nominated, by a Convention of the Ist Congres sional District, as the Candidate of the Conserva tive Party for Congress. The Nomination is a good one, and if the party use due diligence in the canvass Mr. B. will be triumphantly elected. Let every Conservative man in the District see to it that a proper effort be made to secure Mr. B’» election. “ Beware of Ihe Swindler " Atlanta Bank. The Atlanta Republican contains an advertise ment of tbe Bank of Atlanta, notifying the public that its bills will be redeemed in New York. The Editor calls attention to this advertisement, in an editorial paragraph, with the very significant head ing, “ Beware oj the Swindler." We think the suggestion of the Republican alto gether appropriate and well timed, and we are glad to see such a warning to the people come from that quarter. It augurs well to see the press of Atlanta, the place in which the Bank is located, proclaiming trumpet-tongued, to the people, “ Beware cf the Swindler." We, too, have attempt ed to warn the people against countenancing this institutionorgivingcirculation toils bills, and we are pleased to find that the Republican has the in dependence to caution the people, in advance, to “ Beware of the Swindler .” Sack a warning voice, from such a quarter, cannot fail to exeroise an im portant influence upon the public mind. Byway of impressing upon the mind of the reader, how just and appropriate this warning of the Republican, to “ Beware of the Swindler," is, we propose to submit a few facts for the consider ation of the public Geo. Smith & Co., who reside in Chicago, Illi nois, own this Bank, except ten shares, which cost 11,000,which are said to be owned in Atlanta, bnt by whom we do not know. Mr. Higginson, the Pre sident, owns one share ! The only Director of the Bank residing in the State is Mr. Higoixson, the President! so Mr. Higginson informed us. The Bank is, therefore, owned and controlled (because they control the officers) by George Smith & Co. Who Georoe Smith & Co. are, the public do not know—they have been informed by letter writers that Georse Smith & Co. are Bank ers in Chicago, and are said to be wealthy; bnt these letter writers have not stated in what that wealth consists; whether in Western prairie lauds or the stack and bills of Wild Cat Banks, with which Smith & Co. are said to have been exten sively connected. These are the Stockholders of the Bank of Atlauta. What think tho people of the solidity of such an institution, especially when the owneis, George Smith & Co., declare theiriu tention to use the Bank for purposes never con templated by the Legislature, (purposes whioh, if made known in advance, the charter nover could have been obtained,) therefore virtually practis ing a fraud upon that body, by an improper use of the Bauk charter. Suppose this Bank to get a large circulation, and George Smith & Co. take it into their heads to let tho Bank fail, to whom and where will tho bill holders go for tho redemption of their bills ? George Smith & Co. live ia Chi cago, Illinois, over one thousand miles off, aud may or may not be worth a dollar in such an emer gency. Mr. Higginson, tho President, owns one share 1 Has lie any property in Georgia ? If so, where and what is it ? Who owns the ten shares, said to be owned in Atlanta, and what property they own wc know not. Where, then, we repeat, are the bill holders to go for the redemption of Smith & Co., and pursue them through the courts, because that would be attended with too much ex pense. Mr. H igginson and tho Cashier may, any afternoon, take the curs after Banking hours, and before banking hours the next day, bo without the limits of Georgia, with nil the funds of tho Bauk in their breoches pockets. To whom then will the people look for tho redemption of the Bills* These are questions which every prudent man should weigh well before he receives a bill of the Bank of Atlauta, or attompts to pass it again. As additional evidcnco that tho caution of the Republican, to “ Beicare of the Swindler," is not without force, wo may mention the additional fact, that tbe Statutes of Illinois authorise Bank ing, aud any man who has the capital to invest, can become a Banker by depositing the reqnisite se curity with the Treasurer or Comptroller of the State. Now, if Geo. Smith & Co. aro as wealthy as they wonld have tho people believe, and de signed to practice no fraud upon tho public, why do they not deposite their surplus capital with the proper officers of Illinois, and obtain a charter to do a legitimate Banking business in that State? Why come to Georgia and purchaso a Bank Char ter, and seek to use it for purposes never dreamed of or contemplated by tho Legislature that granted tho charter ? Do not all these things prove, most conclusively, that there “ is something ratten in Denmark !" And do they not admonish the people how grateful they should feel to tho Atlanta Re publican for its timely warning to “Beware of the Swindler?" Judge Johnson's Address. One of the Editors of the Southern Recorder who was present aud heard the Address delivered by the Hon. H. V. Johnson, at the Commence went of the Fewalo College,Macon, comments on it thus: One word more about the Commencement Ad dress. I believe I expressed regret in my last, that the learned und worthy speaker should have so liberally diffused through his oration, tho lacina ting, but as I believe, fatal dogmas of Sweden bourg. Judge Johnson has a right to eutoitain whatever opinions to him, may seem most correct and proper, upon questions of this, os well as poli tics; bull must doubt, very capitally, whether the occasion referred to was altogether appropria ted to the propagation of views among the young, which are held to be anti-scriptural by a majority of those who aro believers in tbo truths of reveal ed religion, and who have investigated the doc trines of Swedcnbourg. I trust these obnoxious portions of the address will bo expunged before it reaeheatbe public cj;e. lam joined in this desire by many of his political and personal frionds, who, like myself, admired and approved the main body of the speech. New Books.—Geo. A. Oates & Bros, havo laid on our table “ Father Gavazzi's Life and Lectures," and “ Mark Hurdlestone , or Tho Two Brothers,” by Mrs. Moodie, author of “Roughing it in the Bush,” Ac. Tho first work will bo interesting to controversial tlieologiste, and tho latter will doubt less be read with pleasure by all the admirers of Mrs. Moodik’s former productions. Both are from the press of Dewitt A Davenport, New York, and are very neatly and tastefully, printed and bound. For salo by Messrs. Geo. A. Oates A Bros. Nashville Journal of Medicine and Suroerv.— The July No. of this valuable Medioal Periodical is on our table freighted with its usual variety of me dical and miscellaneous matter. Thoworkisodited by Professors W. K. Bowling and P. F. Eve, and published in Nashville Tennessee, by J. T. S. Fall at (3 per annum in advance. The Medical Examiner and Record of Medical Science.— The July No. of this old and valuable Monthly is promptly on our table, containing its usual variety. It is edited by F. G. Smith, M. D» and J. B. Biddle, M. D. and published in Philadel phia by Lindhat A Blakinston at (3 per annum in advance. The Crystal Palace.— Tho New York Herald of Frid’y, says that 4c crowd of visitors to the exhibition has experienced no dimunition since their last visit, and the display becomes more at attractive every day. There were yesterday 2,810 admissions on single tickets. About 1,000 on season tickets ; (1,889.50 was taken at the doors. Amount of contributions for the Washington Monument, (52.01; total (883.91. The recent decision of Attorney General Cushing, relative to the construction of the law granting ex tra pay to those engaged in tho naval service on the Pacific, coast of California, and Mexico during tho Mexican War, it is said, givos the extra compensa tion to all officers and sailors, also, on the Pacific Station during that period. The Pacific Station extends from Cape Horn up. Upwards of two mil lions of dollars will probably be disbursed under this construction. This action is similar to that adopted by the late Administration. China Mission. —The home correspondent of the Republic mentions the existence of a vague and doubtful rumor to the effect that the Hon. R. J. Walker will delay his departure for China until winter, and that possibly he may not go at all. The New York Legislature adjourned on Thurs day, after an eight months’ session. The act for the prevention of railroad accidents and the pro hibitory liquor law were both rejected. New York received the necessary authority for the establish ment of two parks, the Central and Jones’ Woods. These two tracts of ground comprise some fifteen hundred acres. Theomnibußes of Paris aro superior to all others. Each passenger has a cushioned seat, with arms to himself, which, of course, prevents crowding. As soon as the seats are filled, a sort of weather cock-Bign, on the top of the omnibnß, with the word “complete,” is elevated, which can be seen a long distance, and announces that no more can be received. Their omnibuses arc wider than the American: the central part of the roof elevated, so that a passenger can pass to his seat without smash ing his hat; and he has also an iron rod to steady himself, and keep him from disarranging his fel low passengers’ knees and toes. American Indebtedness Abroad. —The Secreta ry of the Treasury, under authority of a resolution passed at the last session of Congress, has prepar ed a circular making enquiries for the purpose of ascertaining the aggregate amount of State, city, county, railroad, canal and other corporation bonds, stock, or other evidence of debt, held in Europe and other foreign countries, on the 30th of June, 1853—specifying, so far as the same can be ascertained, the amount of each of the above des cription of bonds and stocks. The circular will be addressed to agents of companies, &c., from whom replies to the queries propounded are likely to be obtained, and will no doubt prove servicea ble in gathering a large amount of accurate and in teresting information as to the amount of Ameri can indebtedness abroad. Kiot at Milwavkie.—A serious riot occurred at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on the 12th, the rioters being a large party of German laborers on the rail road, who had been disappointed in receiving their pay from the contractors. The citizens, aid ed by the military and firpmeu, had succeeded in subduing the rioters, though farther difficulty was expected. Elections occur in Kentucky, Missouri, Arkan sas, Alabama and Texas on the first of August, aDd in Tennesaee and North Carolina on the 4th of the same month, members of Congress and State legislators to be chosen in all; and in Ten nessee, Alabama and Texas, Governors are to be elected. In Missouri but two members of Con gress will be chosen, these being the supplemen tal ones allowed under the new census, and the other having been previously chosen. One of the new districts is said to be a whig. Efforts are being made in New York, to intro duce foreign and rare birds into Greenwood Ceme tery Cages of some of the finest songsters, and birds of the richeet plumage, have already been taken then, in the hop* that thay will pair and domeatisate themaelvea. “The Southern Eclectic. We are gratified to be able to annonnoe tbe union of those two valuable monthlies, which has been for some time past a matter of negotiation. The work will hereafter be oonducted under the joint editorial direction of D. K. Whitaker, Esq., and Professor J. H. Fittkn. Both these gentle men aro eminently qualified by their talents, edu cation and experience to condnet such a work with success and reputation. Mr. W hitaker has long been connected with the periodical Literature of the South. He is a ripe scholar aud a fine writer. HU able management of the “Southern Quarterly Review,” a work which he projected and con ducted witn signal ability for some years—has set tled the question of his entire fitness for snob an enterprise. To those who are acquainted with Professor Fitten —his oonneotion with the Oglethorpe Uni versity—the laurels he won there, and tho fine taste he has invariably exhibited in the oonduot of the “Southern Ecleotio,” it is unnecessary to say a word byway of recommending him to popu lar favor. The united work will commeuoe its career on the Ist of next September, with a large subscrip tion list, and with every prospect of a wide spread and permanent popularity. It will retain the name of the “Southern Eclectic,” embracing selections from the best journals of Great Britain, aud the Continent of Europe, and original contri butions from the pens of gifted Southern writers. Those who may have received three uumbers of Mr. Whitaker “Southern Magazine,” published by Messrs. Johnson A Cavis of Columbia S. C., will, we are informed, be supplied with the entire uum bers of “the Southern Electric” for one year, in consideration of the interruption that occurred in the progress of the former work, so that those sub scribers will receive twelve numbers, for their year’s subscription, in addition to the three pub lished at Columbia. Tho editors would respectfully request newspa pers throughout Georgia and South Carolina, in Charlott N.C., Columbia and Nashville Tennes see and Montgomery and Huntsville (Ala ) to pnb • lish this announcement byway of information. * Politics Hi Crops In Cherokee. One of the editors of the Southern Recorder, writing from Kingston, Cass county, nnder date of July 15th, says: “ Ere this, you will probably have seen tbe up eountry papers, whioh present a most interesting exhibit of Democratic harmony, about which wo hear so much. 1 have jnst learned from reliable sou’ces, that Tatum, MeCaige, and indeed, noarly overy Union Pierce man will go in cordially for Jenkins. Tho friends of Tumlin are out for the Union candidate in fail blast. You willl also ob serve that Gen. Patton, of Rome, an influential Southern Rights man, has come out and declarod for Jenkins and Trippe. I was informed by a re spectable gentleman, that DeKalb will probably give Jenkins a majority of 700 votes. On every hand I hear of accessions to our ranks. An aged and influential preachor told me he had not voted for Govornor for many years, but would vote for Jenkins. “A leading Democrat informed me last night, that he believed there was but little chance for Johnson’s election. These are facts and indica tions, which aro highly encouraging to the friends of our cause. Still we should be active and dili gent. “ I am happy to state that orops np in this region, though backward, look very green and promising. I trust the good people of Cherokee, Georgia, w'll make enough for themselves and something to spare to us who are less favored be low.” The Buffalo Republic and Washington Union. The Buffalo Republic notices the artiele of the Washington Union, (published by us yesterday,) reading that journal and the New York Evening Post out of the Democratic party, for their Free soil and Abolition tendencies, and retorts as fol lows : “We authorize him (i.e.the editor of tbe Union) to tell the President of tbe United States that we considor it neither our business nor his nor any body’s else in this country, how Boon Spain abol ishes slavery in Cuba, nor how long she keeps it there unabolished. Tell him that we do not con sider that the Monroe doctrine had any reference to the internal affairs of neighboring nations; that by it we did not assume the right to peep into our neighbors’ potß to see what they have provided for dinner, or into their cabinets to aao how they pro pose to manage their internal affairs.” And again, in tho coarse of a long artiole on Jefferson, Democraoy and Freesoil, we find the following bitter and fearlesß objurgation: “As to tho Washington Union, we have no right nor disposition to complain of itß ardent de sire to rekindle the strife which gave it existence. We only marvel at its audacity in presuming to discuss tho principles of tho Democratic party. What docs it know about the Democratic party ? Nothing whatever. It waa tbe bastard child of a faction ; it was swaddled cradled, suokled, netted and pampered by a faction; its flesh and blood, ooneß and muscles are all made of the milk of a faction; and unless it can have the teat of a faction from which to draw its active aliment, it must soon go to the worms.” Tho Nutchoz Free Trader of tho 14th says:— Owing to the dearth of political topics we have concluded to “doflno our position” in regard to the weather. The weather has been various and promiscuous, particularly on yesterday. For two weeks it has been diurnally and nocturnady rain ing, considerably mere than the crops are in any need of, though not to their injury. The ootton is fine—so is the grass. The corn is greatly bene fited, except such as was too far gone for any such assistance to be of any use. Mortality in New York.— The Herald of Sun day the 17th inßt. says:—Tho mortality, during the past week, was greater than we have known it before this summer. The number of deaths as stated in the City Inspector’s report, was 664, whioh Is an inorease of 26 on the previous week. Os these, forty-five were caused by consumption; 84 by oholera infantum; 68 by convulsions; 41 by diarrhoea; 86 by dysentery; 14 by debility; S 8 by marasmus; and 16 by inflammation of the bow els. There were also 26 cases of stillborn. One of the Hens. —The Woonsocket Patriot edi itor makes merry over the mistake of an old Shang hai hen of his that had been setting for five weeks upon two round btones and a piece of brick 1 “Her anxioty,” quoth he, “Is no greater tnan ours to know what she will hatoh. If it proves a briok yard—that hen is not for sale.” According to a calculation in the Pittsburg Post the iron manufactures of this country have a sure demand beforo them of nearly (8,00,000,000 for fabrics to be turned out from their manufactories —a demand that will require all, and more than all their oapacity to supply fast enough. The cal culations upon which the statements are based is the extent of Railroad now in oourso of construc tion. With one hundred tons per mile, single track, it will require 1,800,000 tons of iron rail to complete the thirteen thousand miles of Railroad either in progress or which will be in progress ere long, including the Paciflo Railroad. At (60 per ton, this would require an outlay of (65,000,000 for single tracks alone. But many of these roads will be double tracks, besides turnouts, Ac.— Then follows a vast outlay for cars, locomotives, and othor iron works about suoh roads, to say nothing of ocean steam ships, iron buildings, ma chinery, Ao. - Oi tho Slave Trade in Brasil, a correspondent of the Philadelphia Ledger furnishes, from Rio, some interesting statistics. They show that Cuba is the only Slave market of the Atlantic! “ The importation for the year 1842 amounted to 17,485—with the exception of a slight re-action in 1845, it continued to increaso with alarming Bpeed until 1848, when a revulsion took place so rapid as to reduce the whole business in 1852. to 700, a smaller number than usually constitute a single cargo. The annual business in Cuba reaohea some thing more than 12,000. A week’s successful business has been known to outsrip the wholesome Portuguese iniquity for a year. For 1858, no doubt tho return will amount to nothing, and the coast guard be entirely withdrawn as useless.” A New York house has received private advices from their correspondent in Liverpool, Btating that they were in possession, by telegraph of later news from Malaga, Spain, which states that in conse quence of a disease having attacked the vines the crop of raisins would be greatly injurod, if not en tirely destroyed in that vicinity. A diabolical attempt was made last week to cause a catastrophe on the Albany and Harlem railroad. An individual was detected in the act of staking a large sleeper across the track, a short time before the express train was expected. He was arrested and committed to prison. The experiments with coke as a fuel for the pas senger engines of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad continues highly successful. The Miners’ Journal Bays that a few nights since the train for Baltimore was mn through from Cumberland with no other fuel, and notwithstanding detentions by burden trains, amounting in the aggregate to nearly an hour, yet the time required by the schedule wss easily made. There was not only an abundance of steam, but almost more than the engineer could manage. The Population ot Mexico is given, as—lndians, 4,845,886; half casters, &c., 2,165,345; negroes 6,600; whites, 1400,000. Total, 7,626,881. The total number who knew how to read and write when tho census was taken was #58,069, including ß7,229 Indians. A self-raking reaper, the invention of Mr. Aikens, of Chicago, has been tried with great suc cess on a farm near Pittsburgh. It will reap fifteen acres a day, raking the grain into heaps ready for binding. Commerce of New York. —During the first si* months of the present year twenty-three thou sand vessels passed, in the day time, the light house on Staten Island, at the entrance to the harbor of New York. The largest nomber re corded in one day was 284 vessels, and the smallest in the record is 19, which was on the 17th of Jane. This would make about fifty thousand vessela in the year, including those passing in the night time, of which no record is kept. Contributions to the Washington Monument. The operatives of the Lawrence Bay State Mills, Mass., have transmitted through their agent a subscription of $525.52 to the Washington Na tional Monument Fund. The Governor and Le gislature of Massachusetts have also unanimously given one day’s pay, amounting to nearly SSOO, to wards tlis completion of the Monument. The Bridgeport, N. J., Bank has been defraud ed out of $1,500 by a couple of sharpers who de posited as collateral security a bogus lump of Cali fornia gold. The exterior was very ingeniously studded with a few dollars’ worth of gold quartz, and the crevioes were nieely covered with gold leaf, so as to defy detection, without breaking up the lamp. The Marietta Colon. Thu Editor of the "Constitutional Union" pub- Uabed at Marietta, (whose democracy, a sow years ago, was regarded sufficiently orthodox to secure for him the responsible position of assistant editor of the OonstiUUionaliet of this oily,) has deemed it proper to reply to the numerous assaults of the seoession organs, and to vindicate himself against their aspersions of his political faith. He speaks like an independent freeman, whoso devotion to principles is altogether paramount to his obli gations to party: Personal. —lt is one of the unpleasant duties of an editor's political life, to find himself at times compelled to notice the low and unmanly personal assaults of au adversary. It was but recently that the boderal Union, a puper ofdesorvedly low re pute, after having expressed a willingness to re cognise ours as a democratic paper, upon finding it devoted to the principles of the Onion party, and opposed to what the Columbus Times and the Augusta Constitutionalist regard as “tho funda mental doctrine of the democracy of Georgia,” with a great deal of self-importance j roceoded at once, not only to read ua out of the domocratio fold—but to heap upon our paper all the odium all the party rancour, which udherod to its pre decessor, the “Marietta Helicon.” Wo distin tinguished this effort of the Federal Union, with the contempt it deserved. We have now to no tice a similar altaak, which seems to have been suggested by the one just referred to from the Atlanta Intelligencer. The leading Union papers 01 Georgia, have quoted from our paper and de signaled ourself as “a democrat of the old School,” the Intelligencer remarks:— The Constitutional Union was but a short time sinoe the Marietta Helicon, a staunch whig paper supported by IPhig patronage. During the com promise agitation it ohanged its name, without, as we have ever learned, materially ohanging its principles. A tier the Atlanta Convention of the 18th September it approximated so near to Demo cracy as to support the ticket got up in opposition to the decision of that convention, and in ojiposi hon to tho I’ierco and King ticket which carried the State in the Presidential Election. It may be answered that tho present editor has at tome time claimed, to be a Democrat, but coir s ng as he did into the editorial control of a thoroogh-going whig paper, his teachings have been of a nature pecu liarly acceptable to tVhias, so much so that it would be exceedingly difficult to point out any difference, whatever between the teachings and political alliances of the paper as it was under the namo of “Helicon” and as it is and has been undor the name of “Constitutional Union.” It will bo suffloienaly advertised that the “Con stitutional Union" is the name of a paper which in some way succeeded the “Marietta Helioon." Our readers are all aware of the fact and the Beccssion democrats cannot possibly gain many votes by its repetition. But it will be difficult for our adver saries to make it appear that the two papers are identified in principle. Tho lutelligencorsays : “during the compromise agitation, tho Helicon changed its namo, without materially changCoj its principles." The iaot is notorious that the “Con stitutional Union” has beau devoted, from its ori gin, exclusively, to the advocaoy of tho principles of tho Union party of Georgia. It was down to tho assembling of the Atlanta Convention, 18th September last, thoroughly identified “in princi ple and in party alliance” with Gov. Cobb, Judges Charlton, Warner, Jackson and others. It taught the same doctrines, and taught nothing which they did not teach. The lutelligencer knows this, and knowing it identifies oar paper and its teachings with the old whig party 1 Does tho Intelligencer mean only to say that all the Union democrats who acted with the Union party, havo acted in alliance with whigs and ugainst tho 8. E. Demo cracy ! This is strictly true. But when ho at tempts to identify us in principle with the old whig party he places all other Union democrats in the same category—he not only wantonly in sults Gov. Cobb and his friends in their present position—but he presents a talso issue inusmuch as Union men and 8. R. men did not organize with reference to tho old issues. If our “teachings aro or have boen peculiarly ac ceptable to whigs,” it is because, with Union de mocrats all over the State we have taught conser vative doctrines which the whigs approved, and if they condemned the Intelligencer and its alics, beoause of their teachings it was because they taught “resistance” to and “seoossion” from, our present happy government. And this has mado us, a whig and you a democrat! I W ell air, we despise your demooraoy. We asked it as a fuvor after the Atlanta Convention, that no one “should ever again set ns down as a Georgia demoorat," and we now to say to the Intelligenoer “plaoe ns in any organization in the State save one controlled as the 8. E. democracy now is." The Editor of the Intelligencer has but a meagrs knowledge of our polilicarhißtory, but limited as it is he has the advantage of us. Wo only kuow him as tbe editor of a Southern Eights press.— How he lias boon led to believe that we over “claimed ” to be a democrat in days past is a mys tery to ns. We deny, flatty, that we ever made auoh a claim and aeiy him to the proof. We have never, to the best of our knowledge present ed claims ot any sort for reception or reward from political parties. Sothe Intelligenoer ia out in its Biography ; but for its edifioatton upon a mutter of so much consequence, wo will Bay, that prior to 1850 we a&d with what was then called the demo cratic party—wo talked for it—we wrote for it—we voted for it, aud may in day a gone by have done it some service. When the S. K. men dissolved it in 1860—weabandoned them under the eonvietion that they were oorrupt aud “their doctrines” revo lutionary, Sipoe that tlmo we havo talked against them—written against them—voted against them and will oontinue to do so until, at least, their “whited sepulchre” is purged of its corruption.— This makes us a whig does it? This indontifles the “Constitutional Union” with the “Mariotta Helicon?” Why there aro thoussnda of Union democrats all over the State who look with as much aversion as we do upon the organization to which the Intelligencer helongs? Are thoy whigs! Are all those to be carried baek to tha drys of old parties and acoused as whigs, beoauso your oandi didato for Governor was smart enough after the defeat of Gov, McDonald, to steal and prostitute, tho name of domooracy ? And accused boforo whom? Before whom do you bring these old Jaokson Union Democrats—those firm and galiunt men who would at any time suffer political mar tyrdom in defence of principle—who is to judge and sentence them as guilty of being whigs? Secessionists ! Ah sir, in Georgia, \ya have defied your powei;for twenty yoara—wo have defeated you upon a hundred battle fields—we oaro not for your proscription or your enmity. We aro Repub licans after tne manner of Jaokson and Madison. We are conservatives after the model of Washing ton. It yon think the name of “Whig”—a name, which both in the mother country, and in our owu during the Revolution aud since, conjures up a thousand glorious associations is a bettor designa tion of the principles we struggle for than any other, then call ns Whigs—anything under Heaven if it only draUugolshes ua t»om the “fire eater” th? bfilnbuater” tr the “progressive” de mocrat. Countirfeitm.— Counterfeit three cent pieceß are now in circulation. Every person receiving them should be on his guard, so that the makers and uttcrers of them may be brought to justice. Dbath om a Captain of Artilleht.— Captain Rowland A. Luther, of 2d Artillery, died on the Oth inst., of wounds received at tho battle of Palo Alto, from which he was subsequently a constant invalid. The demise of this gallant officer took place at the residence of his mother in New Hol land, Lancaster county, Pa. Steamboat Inspection at the West.—Accord ing to a report of tho Steamboat Inspectors for the port of Cincinnati, dated May Ist, 1858, there had beon, up to that period, from Jan. 7th, 188 engi neers, and 217 pilots licensed, and licenses were refused to five engineers and seven pilots on the ground of incompetency. There were more re fusals than these originally, many being on the ground of intemperance, but some of the engineers of this class bad permits granted them on trial for reformation, and upon their giving ample proof of reform, have received iiuenses. A Warsaw Journal oontains the following state ment of the force of the Russian army;—lt con sists of 78 regiments of infhntry, divided into 32 battalions, and 24 regiments of cavalry of 192 squadrons; the artillery consists of six oorps and 690 guns. The total number of the aetive army is 290,000, without counting the reserve. The reserve is composed of six divisions of infantry and six brigades of cavalry, and forms a foroe of 80,000 men, without counting the pulks of Cossacks. According to a return lately issued in London, the Metropolitan Police took last year 78,257 into custody, and the City Police the former 14,608 wore oonvicted on trial, aiufthe latter 285; and in the last four years 22 police-officers were «ent by the commissioners, for offences, before the magistrates, and 812 at the instance of individuals. The number convicted was 54 belonging to the Metropolitan Polioe. Frightful Catastrophe—The third man swept over the Falls of Niagara.— The N. York papers bring us some additional intelligence, reoeived by telegraph of the frightful accident, of which we had a brief telegraphio acoonnt yesterday, which oc- OUrred on Tuesday at the Falls of Niagara. A second despatch, dated at 12 o’clock, M. says; The man is still in the rapids, apparently droop ing. The life boat was sent on from Buflulo, but. sad to say, proved too light, swamped immediately it was launohed, and was lost over the Rapids. Un fortunately, but one boat was sent. The situa tion ofthe unfortunate man grows more and more critical, and it is questionable whether he can sustain himself until another boat arrives. A third despatch, dated at P. M.,says : The man went over the Fall at 6 o’clock. A raft had been floated him which be was on, when they floated another life-boat to him. and as be was get ting ready to jump into it, the boat struok the raft and swopt him off into the rapids. He attempted to swim for a small island, but failed to reach it. He raised himself up to his full height, gave a shriek, waved his arm wildly, and disappeared. The New York Sunday Times gives the follow ing facts to show the impracticability of war in Europe—a luxury that nations largely in debt can hardly afford to indulge in: “ War, if it take place, would probably involve Great Britian, Russia, Austria, Turkey, and France. In all these countries taxation has been pressed as far as the people can bear it. Every where the complaint of over-taxation is so loud and general, that the sovereigns must pause ere they feed public discontent by increasing the pub lic debts. W 3 have Been what Great Britain owes: the annual interest on this debt amounts to £28,- 000,000, or more than half the whole rovenue of the realm. The other leading States are thus indebted: Russia, £122,170,000; Austria, £IBB,- 400,000; Turkey, £6,666,700; France, £221,170,- 000. None of these States, except Great Britain, could obtain a loan of any amount; certainly not a war ioan-upon anything like reasonable terms. Austria, Russia and Turkey have lately Ailed in their respective efforts to borrow monsy. Nor would France have better succe*. N° money, no war. The indebtedness of the Greet European States rend ere them practically bound over to keep the peace.’ ” Prices of Gas.—We find in one of our exchange papers the following list of prioes per thousand cu bic feet in some of the principal cities, on the first of Jannery, 1858: New Orleans $4.50 St. Louis $3.50 Louisville 3.00 Richmond, Va.... 8.50 New York 3.00 Charleston 400 Pittsborgh 2.10 Savannah, Ga 500 Baltimore, 25 per Washington, D..C. 4.00 cent, discount for Northern Liberties, cash 4.00 Philadelphia, re- Boston 3.50 cently reduoed.. 8.00 Hartford 4.00 Mobile 4.50 New Haven 4.00 Springfield, Ohio.. 6.00 Providence 4.00 Brooklyn. N. Y... 8.60 Troy 4.00 Newark, N. J 3.50 Albany 4.00 Augusta, Ga 7.00 Buffalo... 3.00 Cincinnati 8.00 Cleveland 8.00 Care Island,N. J.. 5.00 Columbus 8.00 S. Garden, Phila- Naebville 4.00 delphia 2.80 Philadelphia, (the Camden,N,J,.... 4.00 works being own- Burlington, N. J.. 4.00 by the city,).... 2.00 Wheeling....:.... 8.00 Counterfeit $lO bills on the Cepe Fear Bank of North Caolina, have lately been passed *t Nor folk. The Ihisii Exodus.—' 'tin . utilin correspondent of tho London Times writes thus, under date of July 4th:— The portion of tho last Australian n.ail testined tor Ireland, and which reached the Dublin Post Ofltoe yesterday, was quito a “monster’’ in hulk. « It required for sorting and distributing thirty-two extra pair of hands, and tho carriers were not des patched on their Boveial walks until two hours be yond the ordidary poriod. A golden harvest j n the shape of remittances may bo expected |,v this arri val, aud no doubt the “ flight from Ire’lam l” will be further aeccloruted without waiting for the com pletion of tho coming harvest season. Touching the decrease ot tho population Westward, the ii.il way Packet complains that— Tho result of tho extonsive emigration which has so rapidly thiuned tho rural districts in this neighborhood is now fairly visible in the deserted state of onr streots. Scarcely half as many of the rural population hs wero daily in town this time last year aro to be seen at present, and thoro is also a proportionate falling off in the attendance upon market days. Shopkeepers are complaining ot a sensible diminution in their business; so that whatever change might have been wrought in the condition of such of the rural population as have been left behind, the prospects of tho trading and mercantile classes, here at least, have h.y no means improved. The average number of emigrants do parting by our railway eacli day during the week was about 40, thus making u total of 240 persona from Galway alouo. Cost of Railroad Transportation. —We gather a number of estimates as to the cost of transporta tion on railways, from the Amerloan Railway Times, which will bo found interesting. The Times says they wero proparod by one of the most experienced and intelligent managers, and Hunt’s Magazine adopts them on this authority : Oast of Running a Passenger Train, with 40 Pas sengers, 100 Miles. Locomotivo power, ui So cents per mile,. S2O One passenger cur, (70 seats, 1 ) at two cents per mile x One baggago car, at 2 cents por mile (too*high) * One oonductor, $2 per day; ono brakeman, sl, 8 Total Eeooipts on 40 passengers, at 2X cents per’miio 100 Net incomo Tho cost of a train with eighty-two passengers, at IX cents por mile, is estimated at $29, tho cost of one additional ear at $2 being added ; tho re ceipts at $102.50 makes tho net profit $7.9.50. Tho cost of a train with 120 passengers is the same, with the addition of one ear at $2, making $81; the rccoipts at I cent per mile making tlm net profit SB9. Tho Times adds: “ A large engine will draw on any road, not ex ceeding a forty feot grade, ono hundred tons in addition to tho cars; and as fourteen passengers with thoir baggage are usually estimated to be a ton, a full train of cars, with two hundred and forty passengers, amounts to only seventeen tons. The difference in fuel required to draw one or three oars is so smull as not to be snseoptible of calculation. “That freight also can be carried cheapen groat thoroughfares, where thoro is plenty of it, has al ready boon demonstrated. The Reading roml car ries coal one hundred miles for ouo dollar per ton. although the ears go back empty. The Baltimore and Ohio road havo a.so commoted to curry coal two hundred miles for two dollars per ton. We yesterday, says the N. Y. Tribune, saw the successful result of a surgical operation of so no . vel and ingenious a chnraoter, as to deserve tor tion in our co'nmns. It was performed by j) r , Dixon, the Editor of Tho Scalpel, upon J j r . p. Hyslop, ol this city, for a oaneor of eig’o’t years standing, involving the whole of the l ower Up. The membrane lining the lip beiug sound, tbe operation oousisted in dissecting off n lO diseased part and romoving it, leaving the, 'membrane in % ita natural place. Then two lucisrr.m, woro made downward from tho oornors of t' no mouth to the chin, and tho skiu covering tho latter, being loos enod on each sido, was crowds,,] „p n „d by a few delicate stitches commoted with thc membrane. When wo saw it tbe tip eras nearly well, and was perfectly natural and syu*.metrical; and when en tirely healed a slight. scar from tho out on eacli Hide ol tho chin will be tho ouly trace of the dis ease, or of tho operation for its removal. It forms a striking illustration of tho resources of both na ture and art. The Charleston Courier understands that an in dividual natnod Daniel T. Siikciirkd, voluntarily delivered himself Thursday morning, to Sheriff Yates, confessing that lie had kilted ono William Houck, at St. James, Bantoo, in an affray which ocourrod thereon the 14th imt. Ho was com mitted by 11. W. SoiißODEit, Esq., to await his trial at the next Ootobor Tortn of the Court of Sessions. The U. S. Mail steamship Marion, Capt, M„ Bekut, arrived at New York from Charleston at. II o’clock on Monday night. Tomb of Benjamin Franklin,— A dilapidated dark stab of stono, at tho southwest corner of Fifth and Arcli stroots, Philadelphia, murks (or did a few years ago) tho spot where rest the remains of Benjamin and Deborah Franklin ; but you oannot see their grave nor read the inscription without scaling a high brick wall in violation of the law, or securing a good opportunity and the favor of tho sexton, ouch of which is suid to ho attended with difficulty. So well hidden is this grave, and so little frequented, that wo have known many native Philadelphians of men’s and women’s estate who could not diroot ono to the looality where it may be found. Armed Fishkbmln.—Tho Gloucester, Mass., Telegraph says :—“Quito a number of our fishing vessels have sailed this woek for the Bay of St. Lawrenco. Altogether about forty vessels aro there, or on their way, belonging to this port.— Some of them aro armed. We ahull probably be gin to have nows from tho Bay before many days havo passed.’’ Amount reoeived at th& Crystal Palace, from visitors up to 14th inst., in aid of the Washington National Monument, $60.84. Tho general court martiul whioh asscmtjod at Fort Leavenworth on tho 4th of June last, for tho trial of Major Howe, have fully acquitted the Mqjor of all the charges; and this, toe, without the court waiting for uny defence on tho part of the Major. The amount received for tolls on all the New York State Canals, for tho second week of July, was $97,988, against $88,681, in tho corresponding month last year. Increase, $9,247. Tho total re ceipts from opening of navigation to tho 16th of July amount to $1,171,688, against $1,119,948 to same period last year. Increase this year $51,040. During the year ending July sth, tho revenues of Great Britain havo amounted to £51,859,442 against £49,786,488 for the previous year—an inorease of nearly ten million of dollars. Oflho wholeumount more than one half, £27,209,785, is applied to tho consolidated fund for tho puymenl of interest on the national debt. The racing mare Flora Temple, on Tuesday, trotted ever tho Union Course, L. 1., two miles in 4 minutes 49 seconds, said to bo tho quickest time on record in whioh that distance has boon accom plished by a horse in harress. Tho second heat was accomplished in 6:01 X. Tho State of Pennsylvania has invited proposal*'' for a loan of one million dollars, under authority. ■ of an act of last session. Tho now loan is to bear; :' five per oent. annual intorcst, ami to be exempt from taxation, and rclmburaabie in twenty-five years. Proposals will bo received by the Secreta ry of tho Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, up to • the second Tuesday in August. An auction sale of 6,089 bags Rio Coffee, took place at Philadelphia a day or two ago. It realized SBO,OOO. This is tho first auction sul os of the kind which baa taken place in Philadelphia in aevcrul years, and is attributed to tho great reduction of auction duties by the last legislature. The Saco Democrat says that the shocks of the earthquake which were felt in Portland, were also felt at “ Old Orchard Beach ” in that town. The shook was also felt in towns in tho vioinity of Port land. The State Treasury of Wisconsin is said to be bankrupt, there not being money enough left to pay the members of the legislature a moiety of their per diem. From a giving way of a ring-bolt on board the V , London, belonging to the British navy, tho cable flew round with such force as to kill Lieut Chap man, and Big men, who were hitting down to din ner, and wounded nine others. The Washington Nationul Monument has at tained a height of one hundred and tliirty-fonr feet. Recently there wae received a block of gran ite from Braddoek’s field, contributed by its pre- i, sent proprietors, designed for insertion in the oolumn. Afowdaysago,l,7soboxesoforanges,and, 1,600 ft boxes lemons, arrived at Boston from Messina. :>» *MpHI Singular Railroad Accident.— The Andover | Advertiser states that on Saturday evening last, as the last regular train passed the station house in Tewksbury, on the Lowell and Lawrenco railroad, i § the switch tender got upon tho train and left the station. An extra train came over the road about ten o’clock ; on hearing it approach, the man who occupied the house, knowing that tho switch was wrong, ranged his family and sent them across the track in double quick time, just in season to avoid tho collision. On came tho curs, and pitched into the station house without ceremony, knocking a man out of bed, breaking a bedstead on which he was lying, and every breakable articie in the house, except two tumblers ; and removing tho building from its foundation. No one was hurt. Governor Djhezy and family recently pa«sed through Brunswick, Mo., on their way to their new home in Texas. KESTmrriON.—The Washington County Post saysachapin n certain village, with whom ho is acquainted, having had sanded sugar sold to him, inserted in the weekly paper the following: Notice. — l purchased of a grocer in this villago a quantity of sugar, from which 1 obtained one pouudofsand. if the rascal who cheated mo will send to my address seven pounds of good sugar i scripture measure of restitution,) I will be satis led ; if not I shall expose him. On the following day nine seven-pound paokages of engar were left at his residence from as many different dealers, each supposing himßclf the per son intended. The Air Line Rail Road between New York and Boston, byway of New Haven, it is said, is rapid ly approaching its completion. Valuable Coal Deposits have recently been dis covered in Minneeota. The loss by the Are at the Montour Iron Work* does not exoeed SBOOO. - V- Owing to the unfavorable nows from Spain re tarding the injury of tho grape vines, raisins are ield at better prices, and a cargo of 7,000 10 8,000 boxes was sold oa Saturday, at New York, to ar rive, at S9.TO.