Newspaper Page Text
lioi. tobk's Mmu|«
To the cxclu-ion of slmoet everything else, wo
ill before our reader* lliik in rniug the Message
ofUnv.) oub, which wa* su'miittfcdlo th* u*;.i.
( ~re jei-U rJ y. Having received bat ■ single e<q.y,
« ( have not had an opportunity to nail it cereml
lj, and will not attempt an> cruieistn upon itseou
reals or suggestion* »* this lime.
The le-alifatara.
Tut* b-jdy met in Milledgcvilk- on Monday, the
7t‘ t., and both branches were organ wed. In
t> • ns'.e John T. Stoll, of FsyeUe county, was
rd Pre-idem, ai.d Uwa McCall Moons, Sec-
JottN h. Ward, ol Chatham, was elected Speak
er ' I tic II i-e, and William F. W.rrottn, of
i ana, Clt rk.
ffu hare no acooLiit of the o'cell on of Ute other
>ra of the two houses.
tlr|lala VgrlruKnral Pair.
The Virginia An til tara' Fair wi n brought to a
d-r on Friday «een<og alter a meet aucee-rtu!
•; i gratifying rxliih lKin. At a meetirig of the
s >., 'y on We.l ier.Jit evening, nearly filly thon-.
nan 1 .Iff'.or* «aaa an Write ! at <1 pledged by mem
here ah pormam ntlund for the uses of the society,
and tic opinion *.** cjiifiienlly express'd that
.*B.r.- the next BtruaJ icea’ing the sum will bo ilt
er • d in one hunlr-.d thouaaiid. The leading
of the Stale we-a present, and participated i
II a; r -eff.ng-, among them Kx-i‘reeidct.t Tyler,
II m. Wic. '. H ve*, and especially prominent, oor
o! I fii. it Kiiiui. I it'iflln, e«q. it wa* au Occa
ew of j -at |«k|v to Virginia, and indtcV.es the
cotninetieamuiii of a new -ra in iter Agricultural
revjur ee aid pr », • > it a.
Wl clip the ah . e | ursgrapb from the Charleeton
dfrlV'/eg, for the purpose ol mowing the Agricul
tn • Georgia how they do tilings in the Old
J> oninioa," and to invite them to go and do
likewise. We ilomre to sec much more spirit in
feawl Bin t g oar people lit relation to the Agricul
tural Fairs, and ab itt ail we desire to »ee infinitely
morn system at the Fairs. To do thia, there must
he .ffierei.t, competent officers in every depart
tjmnt, and they ahowhl bo literally paid for their
service*. Lettbe Flantera In Oeorgia think of it,
and act upon the suggestion.
Nrnkl icee, which have been so long discarded
by tho fair rex, a I’aria lettor says, barn made their
ap| lira’icc in the establishments of the faahiona
t/u jewelers of I’aris, and will he worn lit all the
hi/li circles. Home aro composed of strondspf fine
g„:d uliaitia, formed into festoons by medallions of
precicna atones ; others are airings ot jewel*, con
n« i d by links of gold or enamel. I’ratly fancy
brace.ets ore of gold guipure, or Venico point,
with pearls and corals.
News llama.
The I". H. mail steam ship nermann sailed from
New Vork at noon on ttalurday, with fifty-live pas
aengers, and $536,136 in spocie.
The steam ship City of Msuoheater Bailed on
Hat ir tay morning from Philadelphia, with thirty
|scsienrers and SIOO,OOO in specie.
The Pacific Railroad Company organized at tho
M ropolitan Hotel, Now York, under the loud of
Mr. Robert J. Walker, and, by virtue of tho char
ter granted by the legislature of the State of Now
York, have eleotad tho following directors:
Messrs. I.ovi 8. Chulflold, Hansford E. Church,
Orville Clark, Calebs. Woodhull, of New York;
Cyrua Moore, Maine; Oeotgo A-timun, Muss.; T.
Bu'lcr King, Georgia; A trrd G.ffuoro, Penn.;
Kr.i-.c V. Ditnon, K. I.; P l>crt J. Walker, Wash
ing!!.t.'.jn Farnsworth, Mich.; William Noyes,
p „ .Ici. h I Fowlkes, Tciin.; Thor. J. Green,
t'sl.f n.ia; A'iboii Joi.o*, lc;vi Junes, W. K. I).
War I, Texas; James if. Luc**, Mo.; Isaac E.
110 in -, H. c.: Nathaniol T. (ireen, N. C.; Philip
T. Thomas, Md.; 11. B. HpLltrian, Buin’l Wagoner,
Ohio; (*. W. Underhill, Ark.; E. T. Bridge, N. J.
Levi S. Cbatfield has been elected President,
and W'tn. Lolaud, Secretary.
Tho American Institute has fallen behind to the
a moan: of sToot),ot the receipts of the late Fair
at Castle Garden, New York.
Captain Comstock is now on hi* last trip iu the
ateamship Baltic, of the Collins Line, lie will su
perintend the building of tho mammoth steamor
for the Fall River lino, and whou put on tho route,
sho will be under Itis oomtnsnd. Captain Cam
st >ck has long Iteeu a groat fsvorlto on the Soand;
he will be eaooeeded in tho Baltic by Captain
Kldri lgo, late ol Commodore Vanderbilt’s North
Hlar.
Owing to the nature of tho Africa's advices, thero
wan an immense oxoitemont at the New York Corn
Kachan re on Friday, and 1238,042 worth of bread
stuff* wore aold ut the following udvaucca ; Flour
2*. per bbl; Whout sto 10 cents |>or bushel; and
Corn Bto 1 cent* per bushel. The highest point
Flour touched was 87.44—0 greater prlco than hue
been obtained aineo 1847.
Joseph Trotter, for many yeare President of tho
Pennsylvania liunk, died in Philadelphia ou Sa
turday morning.
Yankee Sullivan was remanded, in tho Supreme
Court of Now York, ou Saturday to the Sheriff, to
be delivered up under tho warrant to tho Governor
ol' Ma-aacli aaetta, for hie infringement of tho laws
of that Stuto by hlit recent pugilistic combat with
Moriasey, at Boston Four Coruera.
Bayard Taylor was ut Macao at last datos, home
ward bound.
Two fdlures wero unnounood in New York, tn
Tuesday evening, us we learn from tho Commercial
Advertiser, Mr. floury Dwight, Jr., bankor, and
Messrs. Leggett, Brothers & Co., commission paper
dealers. The former aroso through connections
with Western Uuitreads and tho latter from ovor
advances to mimufaofnrers. The liabilities of
Me srs. Leggett are about (420,000.
Tho N. Y. Commercial Advortisor is indebted
to mi extensive importing bouso in that oity, en
gaged iu tho Hast India and China trade, for the
toll, wing despatch reooivod by tbelr London cor
respondent by telegraph from Trieste:
“Out advicos from China ate to tho 21st of Au
gust.—Tea had advanced and tlioro hud been oon
side ruble purchases of Congou, the receipts of
which had fallen off. Kxohango, 6s»d a'7alO>4d.
Company’s bills 270 278.
“ Our latest advioos from Shanghai uro to tho
7th of August. Tho insurgents wore proceeding
steadily and had occupied Bhangtung. Amoy was
still in tho bunds of u mob. Exchange
Company’s bills 885.
•‘All was quiet at Canton.”
Thn London Times of tho 14th nit., intimates
that, notwithstanding threats oftho l'urki.h ooin
mnnder-in.chief, against tho Bussiau army in tho
Duiubian Principalities, amounting to a condition
al declaration of war, so for as that warrior is con
cerned, his Instructions forbid him from croasing
the Dannlio. The Times adds:
Tlioso of our contemporaries who exultingly an
nounced more than a fortnight ago that tho com
bined fleets bad euterod tho Dardanelles, and that
war had positively commenced, must of oourse be
distressed at ascertaining that hostililitios even
now are likely to ho avoided, and that the “com
bined fleet*, with the exception of the stoumore
detached at the Divan’s request, wero still, on tho
7th of this month, at anchor in Besiko Bay.
Yiitk for Governor in Ohio.— The Statesman
ha* collected tho vote for Governor from all tho
counties except Auglaize, Scioto, and Honry, and
its footing is as follows:
Mnditl 144,925
Lewis 50,160
Mediil’s majority over Marrero is 00,665, and ovor
Uarrore and Lewis 10,1190.
To show what an awful fall ng offtlioro has been,
wo aji'iepd the voto given in this Stato last fall for
I‘resident:
Pierce 189,220
Root 152,626
Halo .81,682
It will thus bo soon that Medill’s veto falls short
of that for Pierce by 24,295, and that tho united
votcs of lUrrcre and Lewis fait short of Scott’s vote
bv 21.997. Tho total voto lost year was 858,423.
This voar it is only 279,4.54. beiug a falling off of
78,87 i. It is wall understood that twenty or thir
ty thousand Whigs voted for Lewis on tire tem
pernuee question. This fully explains tho increase
In his vote.— Okio StaU Journal.
Washington Items. — Wo oxtract tho following
from the Stur:
_Y. ,e ti /\ir illicit Build ivy* .—Wo aro inclined to
believe that tho beads of all tho Executive Do
partme .tsare preparing to urgo on Congress the
pro** I,* necessity for enlarged accommodations
fort • clerical business 0 f their respective charges.
Indeed, wo cannot sec how Congress can foil, at
tho i.ext session to appropriate from three to five
mil: ; .n* to the end of keeping paw in clerical ae
eoinujjatioa# provided, with the rapidly in
creasing lomands of the public busiuo s for such
accommodations.
Plank roads aro becoming popular at tho South.
There are five roods now loading out of the town
of Fayetteville, N. 0., tho average cost of which
was not over fourteen to fifteou hundred dollars
per mito, and all paying ton per cent., aud others
are being projected and built in tho adjoining
sections. Those built have been quite sucooosful.
According to returns at tho Treasury Depart
ment the value of tho portion of the cotton crop of
Ute United Stale* exported during tho year ending
on the SOtlt of June last was $109,000,000, against
$87,000,000 worth exportod during the year end
ing on the 80« ii of June, 1859.
General Fletcher, Winnebago agent, arrived n*.
Ht. Paul, Minnesota, on the l?tsi ult., from St.
Louis, bringing with him $187,000 in gold, for the
payment of the different annuities to the Sionx,
Winuebagoes and Chippowas, to be distributed
about*, follows: Sioux, $88,000; WiDuebagocs,
$35,000; Chippewa.*, SII,OOO.
K. 1\ ,fc Ga. Railroad.—On application at the
railroad office at this place, wo learn that the gross
earring* of the Road for the mouth of September
were $12,730.13. The business of the road is ra
pidly increasing, aud when the lino is comp eted
through, which will be dono in a short time, the
stock cannot help being equal to that of any eu
tcr|,ri-o iu tho whole country —East, West, North,
orßouth. Wo said so five years ago, when urg.
mg the building of tho road, and now no one pre
tends to doubt of such a result,— Athena Poll, 21»f
utt.
It having been surmised in some paper that Mr.
Foresti, a unluralitod Italiau lately appointed Con
Mil to Genoa, might uot bo acceptable to the Sar
dinian authorities, our Government paper, the
Union, gives thorn to understand, in advanoe, that
if they do uot accept Foresti os Consul there util he
none. Our model Kepublio has certainly a model
organ ; but we question whether in this case either
th j style of the notifies ion to Sardinia, or the
right implied iu it of forcing on a foreign Govern
ment a particular individual as consul, hod the
sanctlou of tho Secretary of State. —National In-
UUijentxr.
Another Patriot Gone.—A few years more,aud
there will be left noue of those stern patriots who
engaged in the revolutionary struggle for freedom,
to tell of their heroic deeds and acute sufferings.
They are dropping off one by one, to enjoy in an
other and better world, the fruits of their toils on
earth. Mr. Hcory Anglin, a revolutionary soklier,
died in Jack*on county, on the 26th ult., after a
lingering illness, in his ninetieth year. He enter
ed the “rebel army” at the ago of twenty, and
fought through the war. He was respected by all
who knew him, and his loss is mourned by many.
“ Hark! the muffled drum aouode the tost march of the
brave!
The aoldior retrtaU to his quarter*, the f'arc.
Under Death, whom he own*hie eommander-to-ctuef;
So toore he’ll turn oat with the ready relief
GOVERNOR’S MESSAGE.
Extcrnvt DtrAKiMKKT, I
Millets, eville, Nov, fill , lift. . )
I'Wuw OUitnu, rs the Stunt*
and Ilmte • f Uej<nm mattes:
in «U-ch:.rg« of my eons iiutto., 1-li.iy, 1 pro
cevd to lay 1/eforeyuD such matters s» should re
ceive your a'tention .luriug tbrpreu-t l session of
the General A**ctnblv.
On ti e t-eutie'li tlty ofOctolver 1851, the pab
tie debt siueuMi*! to $1,697,472.22. B-, the a -f
Dooetufur* h, 1851. ratifying the eontr.d of my
predecessor and the Chief Engineer of the Wast’-
orn & Atloniie Railroad, for the purchase of iron
f r the Htate Road, it was inareaaed $200,0 O. By
act of January 12th, 1452. providing for liie re
pairs and equipment of said R ad, it was -gill
lurthcr increased the anm of $525,000 and by the
act au.hori-'ng a subscription to the Mnledgeville
and G ’tovi. Railroad there was aided the ram of
$20,000, making tl.e total amount of tiie Htate debt
$2,482,(72.22. To this amount ahould be added
th« boede t debt of the Central Bank, which is
no* SJSS,OO"; having been ditniciahcd by the
payment o! $5,500, since the l>t November 1851.
Iho total Uabdity of the Slate is thus seen to be
$2,801,972.22 fr in which must be deiacted the
mum ot SiSB,SoO, which ties been paid during ike
past tw* >cnt«, utcler the provisions of the uct of
re' tU.ry ilth, 1860, providing for an annual
on.k.ng Tiuiti for the paymentcfthe public debt.
Tiu present debt of the State therefore is $2,835,-
472.22.
the bonds authorized by the act of 4Jt Dccem
' er, 1851, were made payable at the State Treasu
ry, and the interest payable semi annually at the
lL.uk of the Bute of (ieorgia in Savannah. These
b/nJi were negotiated for a premium averaging
ai mt two per oent. I was satisfied that our bonds
should command a higher premium, and finding
upon an investigation of the subject, that u tnoro
a i vanlageou* negotiation could be effected, by
making them payable in New York—l cause 1 tho
bonds issued underact <T January 12th, 1852, to
lw made payable at tho bank of the Republic in
tho ci'y of New York. They were negotiated at a
pr, miuti of five per cent. It is the first instance
n whicli our Htato securities bad been disposed of
a: any premium, and it should be gratifying to our
State prido to know, that tbo bonds of our Stab
~ow stand among the first securities of tlicir class.
The bonds of no State in the Union command
more of tho confidence of capitalism who seek a
safe investment of tficir fnnds. This confidence is
not misplaced, for no Htate iu the Union has more
ample moans to meet its liabilities, and no people
are more tenacious of tho credit and honor of their
Htate than oar own.
As the interest of a fortiori of our bonds has to
he paid in New York, it becomes necossuty for
tho Treasury to keep on deposit there, a sufheient
sum of monoy to meet tl.e interest os it falls duo.
This ho* been done tinder my directions. If any
doubts exist as to the power or propriety of this
course—it would be advisable that all trach doubts
should bo quieted by passing a law authorizing
Mich deposits to be made. Tito necessity of it is
so obvious, that 1 deem it unnecessary to present
any argument in support of the recommendation.
I refer yon to the accompanying report of the
Treasurer, iu which will bo found a tabular state
merit of tho public debt, showing at wliut lime
each portion of ft will full due. From this state
ment yon will find that a very lurgc portion of our
dobt will become due about the Batno time. This
matter should receive the attention of yourselves
uv well as your successors, in order that by a
eonrso of wise and judicious legislation, tho pay
ment of our bonds may bo antici|>atod, otherwise
we should be called upon to make very large
payments, within a very short period, which would
lead either to burdensome taxation, or an exten
sion of tho limo for tho eventual liquidation of our
liabilities. Both results can an . ought to lie
avoided. In the present prosperous condition of
oar Htato slfairs, thero will be no ditliculty in
creating a Sinking B'und, which will entirely dia
olmrgo tho public dobt, before itshall have fallen
due. Thero should bo additional legislation ol
this subject, giving to tho Executive full power
and discretion to appropriate the surplus means
of the Treasury to the purohaso of our bonds mi
der snelt limitations ss your judgment may deem
advisable. The present law leaves the question
In some doubt, whether or not the legislatu e in
tended any premium should be paid by the Htate
in tho purchase of bomla not yet due. Such how
over is the present high character of our Htato se
curities with all classes of capitalists, that it is im
po-siblo to obtain them at par. As long as indi
viduals aro willing to pay a premium for tlio-e
bouds, so long will tho Htate also bo compelled to
pay a premium fursuch as she may wish to redeem
in advance. 1 have thought it advisable to multo
tho purchase ala small premium, to the amount re
quired by law to bonnuuully There is
no other safo investment of n Sinking Fund, and
as a matter of economy it is better to pay tho pre
mium, than to allow tho money to remain undis
posed of in the Treasury, tempting tho Legislature
either to unnecessary and wasteful expenditures
or to an unwise reduction of taxes. I call jour at
tention partlcalurly to this subject, that such laws
may bo passed as will carry out tbo public will in
reference to it.
THE CENTRAL BANE.
By the act of December 10, 1851, I was author
isod lo transfer the assets of tho Central Bank to
the Treasury, when, iu my discretion, the interests
of tho Htate should require it. Believing that
tlioto wns no longer uity necessity for continuing
thut Institution in existence, for any other purpose
than to wind up and close its business, i appointed
the commission authorised by the foregoing uct,
to investigate tho condition of the Bunk, nn.l
transfer its remaining assets to the Treasury. I
horewilh transmit their report from w hich it will
bo seen wliut was tho condition of tho Bunk at
that time. Thu accompanying report of tho
Treasurer will exhibit its pioscntoendition, ns well
ss its operations since it has been transferred into
his hands. There are yet outstanding many debts,
norno of which will bo collected, but Irom tho
larger portion nothing will over be realised by tho
Htato, and it bccomos a matter for your considera
tion, what disposition shall bo made of its remain
ing unavailable assets, and also what provision
shall bo made for incHiag and discharging its lia
bilities. Upon n careful examination of the affuirs
ol the li.nk, I am satisfied, that after exhausting
all its resources, there will he left tho amount of
$339,500, which must bo paid from the Treasury.
It is for this reason that 1 have placed the bonds
of tho Bank in tho computation of tho public
dobt, which I have already submitted to you. I
would recommend that tbo Executive bo author
ised to take up these bonds, and issuo regular
State bonds in their stead, provided satisfactory
arrangements can be made with the present hol
ders of them. In additiou to this amount it will
ho necessary for you to provide bylaw for the
payment of about tho sum of $20,000. This
amount has been borrowed by tho Treasurer, un
der my dircotion. to meet tho accruing intorest on
the Central Bank bonds, the funds of tho Batik
fulling short by that amount. This step was ne
cessary to uave tho credit of tho State, as these
bonds are regarded in public estimation as a part
of tho pub io dobt, anti if we had failod to have
nuid this interest promptly, tho effect would have
boon to have depreciated the general credit of tho
Htate.
It is useless to onctjmbor tho Treasury longer
with tho remaining assets of the Central Rank,
nliiolt will continue worthless and unavailable as
long ns they remain tho property of tho S'atc. 1
know of no better disposition that could bo made
ot thorn than by soiling thorn for whatovor they
would bring. To keep them and attempt their
collection, would involve the State in continued
expenso and litigation, without any romunoratiug
benefit.
THE TREASURY.
Tho accompanying report of the Treasurer will
give you a eloar and satisfactory account of tho
operations of that Department during tho past
two years. You will observe that this report is
complicated with a usoloss statement of unavaila
ble assets iu the Treasury. Those stereotyped
items havo boon repeated from timo to time, with
out tho slightest benefit to the Stato, throwing no
light upon the condition of tho Treasury, aud load
ing to no possible beneficial result. As long, how
ever as no action is had by yonr body on tho sub
ject, it will be nocossary lor tho Treasurer to en
cumber his report with them. I rooommeud,
therefore, that you tulto such stops as will relievo
the department from the necessity of further re
forenco to these worthless assets by directing them
to bo dcstioycd undor tho direction of tho Execu
tive or a committee of your body. The report of
tho Treasurer shows the available balance in tho
Treasury on tho 20th Ootober 1858, to bo $74,857,-
85. Concurring as I do, in tho estimates contained
in his report of tho probable expenditures of tho
next two years, 1 doom it unnecessary to udd any
thing on that BUbjcct.
There has been collected from the General Gov
ormnont during the past two years, the sum of
$144,690.58. These claims havo been long stand
ing, and the Stato is now indobted for the collec
tion of so large a portion ot them, to tho energy
aud ability with which they have been urged by
the agent appointed by iny predecessor, and con
tinued by myself, Joseph Sturgi?, Esq. There is
yet unsettled claims duo to ns from tho General
Government, but I am unable lo say, at what timo
you may expoct their payment. It would bo un
wise to calculate upon tho reception of any portion
of it, iuyour legislation upon tho Finances of tho
Stato. Foradditional iufdfmntion yon are roforred
to the aoeompauying report of Mr. Sturgis.
1 herewith transmit to the Geuoral Assembly,
*he report of tho Financial Committee for tho year
1852, and call your attention to its statements and
recommendations as worthy of consideration.
The Roport of tho Comptroller Genoral is also
herewith transmitted.
THE TAX LAW.
It was provided by the tax act of January 9th,
1852, and tho supplementary set of January 21,
1852, that tho sum of three hundred and seventy
five thousand dollars should be raised under those
acts for the support of tho government for each of
tho political years of 1852 and 1858. In tho first
act the rate of taxation wr.s limited to one twelfth
of one per cent. The supplementary act was pass
ed under a well founded apprehension that the r. -
quired amount would uct be realized at that rate.
This lust set required the Governor with the as
sistance of the Comptroller General to consolidate
the returns of tho various tux receivers, and au
thorized them to fix tbo rate of taxation ut auch per
cent as would taise the sum of three hundred and
seventy-five thousand dollars. Upon the examina
tion of tho tax digost as required, by this law, it
was ascertained that it would requiro a tax of one
tenth of ono per cent, to raise the amount which
the Legislature had fixed upon ; and accordingly
tho necessary orders were issued to that effect.
This was true of tho returns for enoli of those
years, and thore was consequently no change in the
rate of taxation for the present year. Tho passage
of those acts introduced a new system of taxation
iu our State. Tho ed valorem principle was for the
first time incorporated into onr laws, though its
justice and proprioly had long been seen and felt
by our poopla. For many years the friends of a
fair ana equitable system of taxation had sought to
modify tbo old law, which was admitted to be un
just iu itaoperaition and indefensible in principle.
Every candid aud fair minded man recognized the
correctness of the principle that every citizen
should be required to pay tor tho support of bis
foverument, according to the extent and valuo of
is property. Upon that principle one ad valorem
tax should be based, and when faithfully carried
out, must command tho approval and support of
cverv man who is willing to bear his due portion
of the burthen of Government. That the preseut
tax law fully comes up to tiffs standard, 1 am uot
prepared to say. The object of its framers was,
however, to approximate it, and if they have failed
to reach it, the duty is imposed upon their suc
cessors of applying the lights of experience an 1
practical operations lo its modification and im
provement. It is not strange that an untried ex
periment should be found defective in some of its
detaiie; it is rather a msttor of surprise that more
obvious and glaring mistakes should not have oc
curred in the first effort, to adopt a new, radically
differing from the old system. lam aware of the
tact that there exists in the public mind, in some
portioaof the Stole, very strong prejudices against
this law, bnt lam ncl. satisfied that these preju
dices ate not so deeply rooted, as to defy tho ap
proach of reisou and sound sense. In m<x-t ir.
stance* it will be found that this opposition is li
mited to some provisions of the law, which may
with propriety be modified and improved, and for
that reasou your attention should be directed to
such modifications as will make it conform more
exactly to the ad valorem principle. Let tho de
tails of the Isw bo then scrutinized, its defects
brought to light, and the proper remedy be ap
plied by wise and judicious amendments. With
many person* the merit of the present Isw hs»
been subjected to the test of comparing the amount
of taxes raid by them under the two different sys
tems. They find that their tax has been increased
and without further inquiry they attribute that in
crease entirely to the change of the law. A simp.e
statement will exhibit the incorrectness of this
conclusion. The amount ot taxes collected for the
political year 1851, uuder the old system, was
$291,077 88-100, whilst the amount collected for
the year 1852, was $877,165 60-100. It must be
borne in mind that the Legislature saw the neces
sity of raising uu increased sum, aud therefore
provided!n the act of 1652 that there abould be
raised the Bum of $875,000. If, tbreefore, there
lisd been no change in the system —it would have
been necessary to have increased the taxes about
twenty-five per oenL To compere then the opera
tion of the two systems fairly, in individual cJoases,
! such persona should first odd twenty five per oent.
' to their tax as paid its 1851, and compare the
amount thus aacartained with the amount which
’ they actually paid tinder the present law. When
this is done, it will he found that their increased
I tax, is owing, not to » change of the law, but to
| the iiicT-i-.-d necesfiries of the State.
- Another nhj cl t-as been urged to the present
law, which i» lounde i in good reason and is wor
! thy of year consideration. It results from tl.e dis
I ficultyot a«*rtain'ng the true value of the lax
; purer.- property, guc'j sloe peculiar organization
! -d men’s mind, that with the most honest inten
j lions, they d.fi ;r widely m their estimate of the
vuiae .-! |.'r-.\ er y; whilst others unwilling to con
j tribute ti sir due portion to the support of goveru
j merit, plaea mj low an es imate upon the value of
i their property, as to causa just ground of com
i plaint with their mere conscieotoas and generous
neighbors. A* every tnsn is at liberty under the
I present luw, to vsluehis own property, he can pot
i what estimate he pleases upon it. The isw appeals
: to his coticience clone on thia subject, and there is
I no mode provided for reaching those, who are in
\ different to the obligations ol truth and honor. It
is gratifying to know that the number of this class
is small’ All examination of our tax digests will
show the fact., that with the great body of our peo
ple, there has been exhibited a disposition to make
a fair and just return of their property. The eases
of a few, however, should be reached, and I would
recommend that some proviaion be mode by law
for au-essing the property of those who seek to a
void the payment of their just dues to the State
by falsely estimating their property below its true
value. This uni similar defects in the details of
the law, should be remedied by prompt legislation.
Time and experience will thereby, ultimately per
fect the system, and render it acceptable to all
classes ar.d intero.-ts. The ad valorem prtaciple
being recognised by all, as being right and just, it
onlv requires prudence, firmness and wisdom in
enforcing its application, to secure for a law baaed
upon it, the oordiul approval of tbs people.
For the purpose oi instituting a comparison of
the taxes paid by our own people, with that paid
by the people of the other States, I addressed a
circular letter to the Executives of the several
Htetcs, asking for a statement of their tax laws.—
To this communication, I received many replies,
but not enough to carry ont the original object I
had in view. Tho information, however obtained,
wan sufficient to satisfy ray own mind that wo pay
as little as the people of any other Stole, whilst as
compared with some of the States, our tax is al
most nominal. As low as our prescut taxes are,
we may look forward to tho time when they may
bo greatly roduoed. As soon os the Public debt
shall have ooeu extinguished, we can with propri
ety reduce our takes otic half, and that too, with
out looking to any other source of revenue for the
ordinary oxpenses of the government. This is
certainly a gratifying state of things, and will go
fur to conciliate the feeling of opposition that has
been engendered in the public mind against the
present system. Firmness in the muintuinance of
the ad valorem principle—wisdom in tho adoption
of amendments suggested by experience, and eoon
orny in the administration of tho government, will
soon dispel all prejudice and opposition witliawise
and patriotic people.
WESTER* a ATLANTIC RAIL ROAD.
By the act of January 15th, 1852, 1 was required
to appoint a Superintendent of the Wortern & At-'
lant'c Kail Road, who should have the general man
agement and control of that work. I appointed
lira. M. Wadloy, Esq., who entered upon the du
ties of his office on tho first day of February, 1851.
The means of the road had fallen fur short of its
necessities, ami the result was that the Road was
in a wretched condition. My predecessor and the
former Chief Engineer of the road, realizing this
fact had very properly purchased a large qnautity
of iron for its repair. The contract made by them
was approvod by the last Legislature by the aot of
Dec. 4th, 1951. When Mr. Wadley entered upon
his office, he encountered all the difficulties, which
this Htate of things had brought about. The last
Legislature, intending to provide amply for the
thorough repair and equipment of the road, by the
act of January 15:h, 1852, appropriated the sum of
$525,000, for that purpose. This sum would have
boon sufficient, if it could have been applied to the
objects contemplated by the Legislature, but un
fortunately it required much the larger portion of
it to pay off the former debts of the road which
had been accumulating from its first organization.
We were therefore compelled to look to its reve
nues to do that, which it was the intention of the
Legislature bhould have been done, with this ap
propriation; and this fuct will account for tho dis
appointment of those, who had calculated uponan
accruing revenue to the State Treasury from the
proceeds of tho road. 1 refer you to tho accompa
Hying Reports of Mr. Wadley and his successor
Mr. Yonge for u mora full and satisfactory state
uicut of the facta to which I have thus briefly allu
ded. It is hardly necessary for me to speak of tho
manner iu which these difficulties wore met and
overcome by tbo Superintendent. Tho energy and
ability displayed by hint are so fumilliar to the
public, that it would bo u work of supererogation
to remark upon it. He did all that could be done,
and I vouture to add, more than any other man
would have effected nndot the saute circumstances.
I need not add, that his entire management of tho
affairs of tho road, met uiy cordial approval.
On tho first day of February, 1858, Mr. Wadloy
resigned hi* offico of Superintendent—and I ap
pointed George Yongo, Esq., to fill his vacancy.
It is duo to Mr. Wadley to state, that ho did not
leave his post until he had satisfied me, that tho
interests of tho roud would not suffer from his
withdrawal. In his suocossor 1 have found an
ablo, experienced and faithful officer, whoso suc
cessful management of the road as exhibited by
his report, is the best encomium that can be passod
upon his services.
It affords me much pleasure to call your atten
tion to the present condition of this groat State
work. The Reports of tho Superintendents will
show you in dotail its operations during tho two
past years. Tho failure to report any profits paid
over to the Stato Treasury bus already been ac
counted for. Tho fact, however, that profits have
been realized, and appropriated to the wants of
the road, should satisfy your minds—that with
wise and judicious management, it must for tho
future be a source of revenae to the State. No
additional call is made upon the Treasury for aid.
Its own revonuo will soon complete tho nocossary
repairs, and equipments, and discharge its remain
ing liabilities.
1 call your attention to the recommendations,
contained in tho Buporintendent’s report. Fouu
ded as they nro upon ltis experience in lit -. man
agement of tbo roud—tlioy should rocoivo your
careful consideration. The act of tbs lost Legis
lature which authorized the road to bo sued in any
county through which it passes—ought to be
modified. I con see no good reason, why this
discrimination should be mado against the State
road. All similior companies have to bo sued in
the county in which theii principal office is loco
tod. This is right aud proper. It is the place
whore their books are kopt and thoir br.smos*
transacted, and therefore tlse proper point for tho
litigation of claims against them. It is proble
matical whether tho State should submit to Doing
sued at all—bnt ocrtainly she ought not to embar
rnsa her officers with burthens not imposed upon
other companies. Tho read passes through coun
ties belonging to threo judicial districts, and it
might happen that the' Superintendent would
bo sued and required to attend Court in different
countios at tho same time. This consideration
alone shows tho propriety of a change in tho law.
In this connection I call your attention to the
fact, that suitß havo been commenced against tho
road in the Stato of Tonncssee. I have dircoted
pleas to the jurisdiction of tho Court to be filed in
all such cases, and the question if decided against
us, to bo carried to tho highest Court of the coun
try. Wo havo a right to complain ofthis proceed
ing on the part of our neighbors, as it wns princi
pally to gratify them, that the doors of our own
Courts were thrown open to claimants against the
Slate ror.d. If tho Courts should maintain their
jurisdiction in the Stato of Tonnessoe, and tho
road subjected to the trouble and annoyanoe of
this litigation, it will devolve npon the Legislature
to determine, what course they will adopt in refer
ence to the Western torminus of the Road, that
will most effectually put astop to such proceedings.
Tho important qnostion lor jour consideration
in connection with this great work is, what shall
bo tho futuro policy of the State in reference to
it ? Realizing the deep intorost by our people in
the dooision of this question, I submit to you my
views fully on the subject.
By some a salo of the road is proposed. I trust
however that tho advocates of this policy are not
numerous, aud 1 feel certain that their number
will be lessoned, in proportion as you satisfy the
mind that the road can be successfully car
ried on, undor State management. To sell the
road would bo to disappoint that goncral expecta
tion which has so long lookod to the completion
ofthis enterprise for a sottroo of reliable revenue
to the Stato. Tho funds raised by the sale oould
not be appropriated to the extinguishment of the
public dobt, us that is not due. There is no profi
table investment of it that eonld be made, and the
result would be—that by tho timo, the public debt
had to bo met, this fund would havo boon exhaust
ed in wasteful and unnecessary expenditures.
Increased taxntion wonld then be the only meanß
of meeting the liabilities of the State. I reel con
fident that no argument is required against a pol
icy which will inevitably lead to suoh a result.
The proposition to sell two-thirds of the road is
equally, if uot more objeotionable. The same con
sequence would follow to a great extent. Besides
it isttic unvarying lesson taught by our experience,
that tho Stato is tho sufferer in every copartner
ship which she forms of this character. Tho road
should either bo under the entire control of indi
vidual interest, or under the exclusive manage
ment of the State. A departure from this rule,
would certainly lead to no good result, and I trust
that the experiment will not be made. Rejecting
then tho proposition to dispose of the road, I recur
to tho Inquiry, what is the best policy for its future
government 2 In tho management of a railroad,
two ideas should be kept prominently in view,
uniformity and permanency in its system, and a
responsible head to manage and control its affairs.
Frequent changes and divided responsibility, are
incompatible with the successful operation of any
railroad. Looking to these considerations, I feel
conscious of the difficulties which must attend any
plan which has yet been suggested for the gov
ernment of tho Stato Road, hut the preference
should lio given for that system which is freest
from these objections. The two plans which have
boon most generally considered, are, first, the pre
sent one which loaves the Road nuder the control
of the Executive and a Superintendent appointed
by him. The other proposes to constitute a board
of Commissioners and invest them with the pow
er now lodged in the hands of the Governor. My
own mind at one time favored tho latter proposi
tion. Experience and observation, however, nave
fully satisfied me that it will not do. The idea of
it board of commissioners was derived from a
Board of Directors, appointed by private corpora
tions, for similar duties; aud the argument drawn
by analogy from this source, would be good, if
these directors discharged the duties which the
public suppose them to perform; such, however,
is cot the fact. The best Board of Directors for a
Railroad Company, are those who) have sagacity
and judgement enough to submit the entire man
agement of their roads to the President and Su
perintendent. In edopting a general system for
the management of a road, their counsels may
sometimes be heeded with some advantage; but,
when ttie detailed operations of the road aro to be
considered and disposed of, the least said or done
by them, the better it is for the interest of their
Company. If o Board of Directors should attempt
to revise the dealings of a President and Superin
tendent with their subordinates, reinstating such
as had, in their judgment, been improperly re
moved, or forcing the appointment of others who
they might supposo peculiarly qualified lor some
position, it wouid result in the total disorganiza
tion of the rood, and the effort would soon be felt
by the Stockholders in reduced profits, neglected
machinery, and dilapidated road. Upon this point
I can safely appeal to the experience and observa
tion of every man who has been connected with
a successful'and well managed railroad. If lids
be true of private companies, the difficulties will
be greatly enhanoed, when the same principle is
applied to a public work, when superadded to
other causes of trouble and embarrassment, there
is thrown in, the political and p rty considerations
which would inevitably be connected with such a
system. The subordinate officers on a railroad,
who feel that thev owe their places to any other
canse than a faithful discharge of duty, would soon
derange and ruin the best managed road in the
country. Under the proposed system or a Board
of Commissioners, these difficulties could scarcely
be avoided, and I therefore deem it unnecessary
to enlarge upon this branch of the subject. Ac
cording to this plan, there would also be wanting
that uniformity iu the management of the road,
which is essential to its saccess. With the change
of Commissioners, the system would be changed,
and all the consequences attendant upon such
changes, would be constantly experienced. The
present system is, in myjndgment, decidedly pre
ferable ; one great object at least is effected, a re
sponsible bead is placed in charge of the road—to
whom the country can look for its proper and faith
ful management. The Executive elected by the
people is responsible to them. The Sapennten
dent should be appointed by, and be responsi
ble to the Executive, the subordinate oflSeers
should be appointed by, and responsible to the
Superintendent, and thus the management of
the road is placed upon a system of responsibility,
which ensures it* successful operation. In the ap
pointment of the Superintendent the Executive
ftela the responsibility which rests upon him, and
and will exercise aeound judgment in tbeselection.
The Superintendent, knowing that he M reeponei
7j Me forthe go-id conduct of his subordinates, « li
s i exercise like prudence and discretion m their >e
i | lection, end the subordinates, feeling their d-.-ptn
i dence upon end re*ponsibi’ity to the Superintcn
-1 j dent, will realize the fact that the tenure by which
> i they told tlieir offices, is the fkithf.il and efficient
: discharge of duty. In this lit* of the subject,
t I you will perceive that there mn-1 t* e c-rdial and
- j tnhiual eontidcucc between 'be Executive and the
j Superintendent, and lor the! reason the Suporin
t 'endenl ehooid be upjiointcd by ihe Executive. I
i therefore recommend thel the act of the last Le
gudatnftatking theappointroui- of this tfi tor from
i the Gu*«rn»r and gvng it the LcG*!-fare, l e re
pealed, and that the evpoiatmcnt tie -gain placed
• at the disposal of the Executive. If l lit real is to
f be continued under State management, this, in
my opinion, is the most practicable system that
i can be adopted.
Two leading objections aro urged against this
plan. The first is founded upon the fear that the
subordinate posts on the road will be regarded and
filled as political offices. Coder my administration
“this practice lias ceased to exist.” Whatever
may be thongbt or said about making govern
mental offices, political positions, in other depart
ments, it is a well settled fact, that it will not
answer in the management of railroads, or similar
State enterprize*. Such a policy is condemned,
both by reason and experience, and can never be
resorted to without endangering the public inte
rest. Tlii* trnth is clearly iUnstratod in the history
of every State work, where the policy has been
adopted, that I do not believe the experiment will
again be made in our own State. The other ob
jection is of a more serious character. It grows
out of the changes in the management of the road,
incideut to the frequent change in llie Executive
office. I admit the force of this objection, and the
only reply that cm b 3 offered, is founded on the
fact, that the objection is applicable to every plan
which haa been or can be suggested for the govern
ment of the road under Stale management.
In view of these difficulties, I submit to your
consideration another plan, for the disposal of the
road; one, which will secure the three great ob
jects to be attained: fir-t, the retention cf the
State’s interest in the road; second, a uniform and
permanent system for its management; and third,
a certain and reliable revenue from it. It is to
lease the road under an act of incorporation. Let
a charter be granted with a capital of five hundred
thousand dollars in shares of a hundred dollars
each. The charter should provide that the com
pany should make semi-annual payments to the
State, and that the first failure should ipso facto
work its forfeiture. The amount required to bo
paid by the company for its lease, should be at
least five per cent, on the capital invested by the
State, which might be estimated at five millions of
dollars. The charter should be for a limited time,
and perhaps twenty five years would be sufficient
ly long. The company should bo required to re
turn the read at the expiration of their lease in as
good condition, and aswellcquipped as when they
received it. Tho improvements which the in
creased business of the road will roqnirc them to
make, would afford a reliable guaranty upon this
point. On tho other hand, the State should agree
to pay the company for any inert-used vaiuo gi\cn
to tho road by tho improvements made by them.
Provision should also oo made in tho charter, to
protect connecting roads from a partial and unjust
. administration of its affairs, under such penalties
as would ensure perfect impartiality. I have fixed
the capital of tho company at a half million, sup
posing that to he sufficient for tho ordinary im
provements, which aro still required to put the
road in complete order. The Legislature could
hereafter iin.reuse it, if the business of tho road
should require the laying of a double track.
In subinittiug this suggestion to your considera
tion, I have merely laid down the outline of a plan
which might he perfected, if the policy recom
mended meets with your approval. If adopted,
care should be exercised in guarding the interests
of the State in any charter which may be granted,
and thut is submitted with great confidence to yuur
wisdom and discretion. I beg leave to repeat,
that the adoption of this policy will ensure a uni
form and pi rmanent system, in tho conduct and
management of this great work. It will be brought
under the operation of private enterprize and in
dividual interest, without sacrificing the invest
ment of the State. It will he relieved from the
difficulties which I have shown must always more
or less attend its management under State control,
and finely ensure the regular receipt into the
treasury of at least two hundred and fifty thousand
dollars per annum.
THE PENITENTIARY
I transmit herewith the reports of tho Principal
Keeper and Book Keeper of the Penitentiary,
which will exhibit to you its operations during the
past two years. The officers of that Institution
during that timo have been faithful and energetic
in the discharge of their duties, and I believe that
its business under their charge willcomparcfavor
ably with the businres of preceding years. Its
assets at the cud of tho year will in nil probability
discharge its liabilities, and leave it free from
debt. The business of the Penitentiary is not,
and in my judgment never will be a source of rev
enno to the State. The approprial ions which have
from time to time been made to meet its liabilities,
show this foot. Tho gross amount of them is set
forth in the Keeper’s report, ft now requires
large appropriations to make the neecssary im
provements, and to furnish materials for its
successful management. It is u subject which
should secure more of tho personal attention of
your members, than has heretofore been tho case.
An inspection of its condition will give you more
satisfactory information of its truo wants than
any representation that I can make, 1 would urge
the propriety es your doing so, as it can bo done
with very littlo trouble to yourselves, and much
benefit to the State. As you will perceive from
tho Keeper’s report tho business of building rail
roud oars has been commenced upon a pretty ex
tensive scale. The experiment so for has proven
eminently aiieocsstul, indeed it has boen tho prin
cipal source of revenue since its commencement.
For tho want of tho necessary means, an anange
mout had to bo made with tho State road to fur
nish the materials for building oirs, and ss long
as that road requires all tho cars that can ho built
at tho Penitentiary, this arrangement could bo
continued. If tho busii css, however, should be
oxtendod as recommended iu the Keeper’s report
it will be necessary for you to supply tho necessa
ry means for the purchase iu advanceot materials,
as the object should then be, to manufacture cars
lor all roads that may desire to purchase. It would
also ho neoessary to authorize tho employment of
a Snperintondant of this brunch of the work, at
a better salary than is nowallowed to tho subordi
nate officers. If a ready sale be found for the
cars, I havo no hesitation ill saying, that it is the
most profitable business that can be carried on in
tho Penitentiary.
The importance of classifying tho prisoners in
the Penitentiary, has been so repcatodly and for
cibly presented to tho Legislat iro by my prede
cessors, that 1 deem it unnecessary to enlarge
upon the subject. It is again brought to your at
tention by the Principal Kcopcr’s Report, and I
would impress upon your minds tho propriety of
giving it tour eaily atltentiou. When this re
commendation is based upon the concurrent opin
ion of ovory one who has boen thrown into offi
cial communication with the Penitentiary, itsliould
at least receive more considera'iou than lias here
tofore boen given to it.
TUE LUNATIC ASYLUM.
The bi-ennial Report of tho Trustees, Superin
tendent and Resident Physician of tho Lunatic
Asylum is herewith submitted. This Institution
has been conducted during tho past two years
with tho characteristic energy and ability of its
officers. I oommeud to your attention tho sug
gestions and recommendations contained in these
reports. Founded as they are upon the expe
rience and observation of those who have shown
themselves so worthy of tho confidence reposed
in them by the Stato, 'hey should command your
most favorable consideration. This Institution
was established by tho Stato under tho conviction
that it was our duty to provide for tho safety and
comfort of that unfortunate class of our fellow
beings, who had been deprived of their reason,
and thereby rendered incapable of providing for
themselves. This humane object will not have
been accomplished, so long as there remains in
tho borders of our Stato one nnfortunato lunatic
unprovided for. It is a mciai cboly and humilia
ting reflection, that applicants tor admission are
daily rejected for the want of tho nocessary means
to provide for thoir accommodation. This ought
not to be so. I hold it to bo tho solomn duty of
those who have been spared from this awful ca
lamity to furnish from their treasure whatever
may bo required for the support and comfort of
their less unfortunate fellow beings. I cannot be
lieve that there lives in our State a single citizen,
who would not give a cordial responso to this sen
timent. Tho necessities of this institution, is
therefore the only Just limit to your appropria
ations. When you ascertain its wants, let them
be supplied, your hearts will approve tho act and
your constituents will sanction tho vote.
There is one class of lunatics for whom no pro
vision is made in the organization ot this institu
tion. I alludo to onr slave population. This
omission, 1 have no doubt, is attributable to the
fact, that tho number is so limited that it has not
attracted public attention. There aro, however, a
few; and Bailable provision should bo made for
them. Tho first suggestion would bo to leave
this matter in the hands of tho owners, aftor pro
viding a place at tho Asylum for their reception.
This will not do, howover, as it sometimes happeus
that the nnfortunato lunatic is the only property
of the owner; and he is therefore unable to sup
port him at the Asylum. It would perhaps bo
wrong to tax those who have no interest in slaves,
to raise money for this purpose. Tho amount
which should be raised for this object would be
small, and if leviod upon the taxable slave proper
ty, would not be felt by the owner. Looking to
the number of lunatic negroes, it would require
only a nominal tax upon this kind of property to
raise the necessary means. 1 can sec no good
reason why every slave owner should not cheer
fully submit to this tax, to carry out so desirable
and praisoworthy an object. I therefore recom
mend that proper steps be taken at your present
session to carry out these views iu tho manner
suggested.
DEAF AMD DUMB ASYLUM.
The report of tho Commissiouci s for tho Deaf
and Dumb Asylum for tho years 1852 and 1853 is
herewith transmitted. The success of this insti
tution is a gratifying result, and ,-hunld secure lor
it the continued pntreuage ol the State. Your
predecessors have by their liberal endowments
recognized the duty of the State to provide for the
education of the unfortunate mute, and it would
be difficult for the Legislature to appropriate the
money of the people to an object that would re
ceive a more unqualified approval from the popu
lar mind. I also transmit the report of a com
mittee appointed by myself to attend the anneal
examination of 1852. It bears testimony to the
faithful and efficient discharge of du'y by tho offi
cers of the institution. Its recommendations are
commonded to your consideration, as worthy of
attention in your legislation on this subject.
THE INSTITUTION ror. THE BUND.
I transmit to you the first annual report of the
Trustees for the “Georgia Academy for the
Blind.” This institution wes organized under an
act of the last Legislature, and is now struggling
through its infantile existence. It has encounter
ed the difficulties which have attended all similar
institutions, aud in view of these difficulties, its
efforts have been attended with as much success
; as could have reasonably been anticipated. It has
shown itself worthy of the fostering care extended
• to it by your predecessors, and should continue to
' receive your patronage and encouragement. The
appeal in beha-f of the blind—like that made for
' the deaf and dumb—addresses itselt to our batter
feelings. The hern would be callous and harden
ed that could treat that appeal with indifference.
Those of us who have been endowed by a kind
Providence with all the attributes of manhood,
unimpaired by disease or misfortune, have rest
-1 ing upon ua an obligation in reference to our le-.s
■ favored brethren, which we cannot disregard. In
1 establishing and maintaining these institutions the
| people of Georgia have exhibited their opprecia
-1 tion of this high duty. The success which has
s attended these effnts, should only s imulate us >o
1 renewed exertions aud more liberal contributions.
GE BGIA MIUr.cF.Y INSIircTE.
i At the ’a->t session of the General Assembly
, provision was made by law for the education of a
r certain number of cadets in the Military Institute,
I located at Marietta. A report is herewith trans
i mitted from the Board of Visitors of chat institu
-1 tion, which will present to the Legislature all the
; information on that subject in my possession. The
f system of military education is growing in popu
. lar favor throughout the country. In other States
g of the Union, these Academies receive liberal en
dowmeuts fro a the Government, and arc becom
s iDg more and more the favorites of the people. So
far as I am enabled to judge, the Marietta Insti-
J lute has been as eminently successful as any of its
5 sister institutions, aud as deserving of State pa
. tronage.
EDUCATION.
o The cause of Education numbers among its
- friends no snpportcrs, more zealous or liberal, than
e the people of Georgia. It is with sincere plea
sure and honest pride that we can point to the
- progress of education in onr Slate. Oar Univer
e sity was never in a more flourishing condition,
e and never more deserving of the confidence and
f patronage of the State. Other colleges have
', sprang np in generous rivalry with this institution
- under the patronage of private enterprize, afford
e ing the most extensive facilities for a liberal edu
d cation to all who may be possessed ot the necessary
i. means. Colleges and Seminaries for the education
>• of our daughters are to be found in almost every
neighborhood, founded upon private munificence
and conducted with marked, energy and ability.
I would not an necessarily mar this picture po
grateful to our fee ting* and bo gratifying to our
stale pride; but a sense of duty demands that
our silent ion should be turned to another branch
j of the subject, which presents for our eon-idera
| tion fer different results. Whilst the minds of
those, who have been blessed with the necessary
meaua, are being stored with all the rich treasures
of knowledge placed in their reach by these flour
i ishing institutions, there is to he found another
da.-*, I a.-* tavored of II aven, who are growing up
]in utter ignorance. The propriety of providing
for the education of the poor is recognized by evs
, ry one; but I am not sure that iu importance is
fu.iy appreciated. I do not apeak ot that com
plete and finished education which can be ac
quired only in onr higher Seminaries and Col
te-res, hut I refer to it in its more limited
-e’ese. The man who can read and write
■; is a weli educated man, in comparison with one,
to whom the Alphabet is an unmeaning mystery;
| and the gulf that separates these two classes is tar
wider and deeper tliin the olie which lie* between
'.he humblest scholar and the most learned Pro
' fessor. Give to every son ar.d daughter of ihe
! State an opportunity of learning to read and write.
and we become that day an educated people for all
i the practical purposes of Government. The hon
! esty, purity and intelligence of the people eonsti
! tute the firm foundations of a republican govern
ment. To the extent ot our ability it is onr doty
to foster and nurture these elements of security and
strength. Georgia has, in some degree, realized
i this truth audexhibited a disposition to act upon
| it. Her ablest sons have beeu summoned to the
task of devising systems for the education of the
j poor; and our legislative tables groau under the
accumulated reports of committees appointed to
investigate and report upon the subject. All that
could be done in this way has been done, and yet
the sons and daughters of poverty are unprovided
with the opportunity of learning to read and write.
Can nothing more bo effected! Is this field of
labor, so inviting to tho patriot and philanthro
pist, to be abandoned and forsaken! To answer
these iuqnirics we mnst ascertain, first, what lias
occasioned the fa lure heretofore f and secondly,
are we able and willing to overcome the dfficuity
in the tntnre ? The first point is very clearly pre
sented in tho statement of this simple faet—the
number of children returned under our poor
school law, is (83,COO) thirty eight thousand, and
the money appropriated for their education is
($23,000,) twenty three thousand dollars. In other
wordß, for the education of each child, the Legisla
ture appropriates the earn of sixty cents. 1 can
use no argument or language that will present, in
more forcible terms, tho main defect in onr past
system, than is lobe found int'iis statement. We
have failed to educate tho destitute children of the
State, because we have failed to appropriate a suf
ficient sum of money to effect the object. It i
more than useless to di-cuss p aus aud system
until the necessary means arc furnished to inako
any plan successful. This view oftho.-uhjeet brings
mo to the second inquiry. Can this difficulty be
met and overcome i In other words, will the
Legislature appropriate the necessary amount of
money. At present lam not prepared to recom
mend auy large increase of tho approprial ion. My
objectis more particularly to call your attention to
a period iu tho future, when the required snm can
bo devoted to lilts object without tho imposition of
any additional tax upon tho people. If am right
iu the views which I have already prerented of
the financial cordition of tho State, present aud
prospective, in the courso of a few years the public
debt will be paid off, and thore will be no necessity
lor incurring another. When that time shall have
arrived, our present tax law may be reduced ouo-
Lalf, aud stilt furnish ample means for an econo
mical adminia'ration of the Government—giving
no just causo of complaint on the ground of tax
ation. Tho Stato railroad, under the system I havo
recommci ded, will bring into tho Treasury a cer
tain and regular revenue of two hundred and fifty
thousand dollars. To that Bum I look to supply
tho present dofect in our present educational sys
tem for the poor. To that patriotic object, as well
as to tho necessities of the institutions established
by Ihe Stato for the Deaf and Dumb, the Blind,
and the unfortunate Lunatic, it should be sacredly
devoted; and until the wants of each aud ail should
have bocu fully supplied, not one dollar should be
withdrawn for any other purpose. I have invited
your attention to the subject at this time that the
public mind may be directed to its consideration in
advance of tho period when tho policy may, with
propriety, bo adopted.
PUBLIC PRINTING.
I call your attention to tho law on the subject of
tho public printing. It is defective in many re
spects, aud requires Legislative action. The groat
delay that occurred in the printing of tho Laws
and Journals of the last General Assembly, should
uot bo permitted to occur again. Under the law
as it now stands, thore will always be more or loss
danger of its recurring. In tho estimation of many
persons tho Executive is held partly responsible
for such delay, and yet he is powerless to prevent
it. Provision should be mado by law that the pub
lic printing should be done at tho seat of Govern
ment—under the eye and supervision of the Exe
cutive, and he should be clothed with power to
transfer it from the hands of tho public printer
whenever ho fails to complete it in a given period
to be fixed by law. Whonevor there is uuneces
sury delay, the Executive should bo authorized and
required to inuko Buch deductions as the exigency
in hisjudgmeut justifies; and similar power should
he lodged with him iu cam. the printing is not
executed in manner and stylo required by law.
It should bo made tho duty of tho Secretary
of State, to compare the printed laws before
their final publication, with tho onrollcd acts
in his office, and proper compensation should be
ft. lowed him for the discharge of this duty. The
style and exccutiou of the printed acts should be
improved. Tho act of 1834 required them to con
form to tlio laws of the United States, as at that
time published, Sinoo then great improvement
lias been made in the printing of the laws cf tho
United States, aud wo should in this roapoct keep
up with the progress of the ago. '
ANNUAL SESSIONS.
Tho experiment of biennial sessions of tho
Goncral Assembly, lias been sufficiently tosted by
experience, and I beliovo that the public judgment
of the Slato is prepared to pronounce against it.
1 was among tho number of its udvocatcs, aud so
voted when tho question was submitted to tho
people for thoir dioision. lam now satisfied, that
!u common with a largo majority of my fellow
citizens, I was wrong, and am prepared to recom
mend a return to annual sessions. Even if the
policy of bi cnnial sessions was right at tho timo
of its adoption, tho increased interest and impor
tant public works of the State have wrought Buch
a change in onr affairs that a different system is
now required for our progressed and progressing
condition. A single consideration should satisfy
every man of the propriety ot annual sessions.
At present, all power is placed in tho hands of tho
Executive for two years, and his term expires and
tho people aro called upon to pass judgment upon
his official career before his actings and doings can
be submitted to the tost of Legislative investiga
tion. He cannot ho called upon for an exposition
of hiß official doings until the General Assembly
meets, and that does not take place until his term
of office has expired, and he has either been re
elected or defeated, or has voluntarily withdrawn
from tho public service. This is wrong in theory,
and might work much injury in practico. It was
an economical view of the subject which induced
the people to resort to biennial sessions, but it
may well be qaestiouod whether tho result has
jusiifled this expectation. The fact that tho Gen
oral Assembly meets omy once in two years, ren
ders it necessary to extend the length of tho ses
sion. The accumulated business of the two years
must bo disposed of, und additional time is re
quired to do it. In order that the poople may have
an opportunity of passing t cir judgment upon
this subject, I recommend that an act altering the
constitution bo passed by tho General Assembly at
its present session, and the question submitted to
the people at the next genoral election. If ap
proved by thorn, yon successors can perfect the
alteration, and if condemned, tho act can be re
jected. An opportunity will Urns bo offered of
having the question decided by tho direct action
of those most deeply interested in tho matter.
ATTORNEY GEN ERAS.
My experience in office has brought vividly be
fore mo the fact that innumerable occasions occur,
where the Executive, on account of tho varied and
increasing interests of the State, requires the ma
ture and deliberate counsel of porsons skilled in
tho law. Tho hurried and off-hand opinions of the
best lawyers, are worth but little under such cir
cumsfancos: and the separate solemn advice of
fosd counsel on every such question, would boa
heavy draw upon the contingent fund- My own
conviction Is, that aB olficor known as the Attorj
noy-Gencral of ihe State of Georgia, with such a
salary as would command the best counsel in the
State, vonld meet the necessity of the case. To
the general duty of advising the several Executive
Departments of the Government, might bo added
with propriety, the representing and advocating
the interest of the Stato in all questions arising
before our Supreme Court. The duties of such an
officer, it is unnecessary for me to specify. The
necessity and propriety of such an office will bo
felt by every one occupying the Executive chair.
THE SUPREME COURT AND STATE LIBRARY.
At the time tho Supreme Court was established,
the idea prevailed that the convenience of parlies
litigant required that the court should hold its
sessions at points accessible to them. For that
purpose it was provided in the law organizing the
court, that it should sit at nine different places.
Experience has shewn that this was u mistaken
view of the subject, as the parties seldom, if
ever, attend the court. Their attendance is not
necessary, and they therefore it ay away. No one
will question the feet, that this migratory feature
is attended with great inconvenience to the mem
bers of tho court. If this was the only objection
to it, it might be borne with, but it deprives the
court of the advantages of consulting good libra
ries, which are not to bo found at many of the
points, where it is now held. Without attempt
ing to present the many reasons which might be
urged m favor of the change, as they will retdily
suggest themselves to your minds, I recommend
that the places for bolding the court be reduced
to the number required by the Constitution.
I,coking to the future permanence and useful
ness of this court, I think it advi-ahle that the
Constitution be so amended as to authorize its en
tire sittings at the scat ot government. I can see
no good reason why it should be otherwise. The
docket of the court could be so arranged for each
of tho Judicial Districts as to enable counsel to
attend to their cases with as much convenience at
Milledgeville as at any other point.
1h this connection I call your attention to the
condition of our State library. For many years
the library has been totally negleoied and almost
lost sight of by the Legislature. The 1 rst General
Assembly made an annual appropriation of a
thousand dollars for it. This amount regularly
continued with the system of exchanges with the
other States, would in the course of a few years
furnish a State library, of which wo might not bo
ashamed. The small salary given to the librarian
will not secure the services of a competent officer,
uuless the appointment is connected with some
other office, as has been done daring the last two
years. The librarian’s report is herewith com
municated. It will show the condition of the
library, its increase sinoe I came into office, and
also the regulations I have adopted to preserve it
from its former fete. It cannot be necessary for
me til submit an argument to the Legislature in
favor of obtaining and keeping a good State
library. State pride, if there wa» no other con
sideration, would make an appeal in its favor, that
ought not to be disregarded. Its propriety and
usefulness, however, are too apparent to require
further comment. I confidently comment! to
your favorable consideration the policy adopted by
your immediate predecessors on this subject.
MursLLANiocs scßjsera.
A vacancy occurred ou tae Supreme Court
bench during the present yesr, by the resignation
of the Hon. Hiram Warner, whieh I filled by the
appointmnet ofthe Hou. Ebenezer Starnes. There
have been several vacancies occasioned by death
and resignation, on the Circuit Court bench, but
as they are no longer filled by the Legislature, it
is unnecessary to specify them.
The creditors of the Bank of Darien have been
for years applying to the State for the liquidation
of their claims, holding as they do, that the State
is liable for them. It is time that this matter
should be disposed of, and I recommend that
some provision be made by the present General
Assombly for the final settlement of these elaims,
either by submitting the questions involved to the
decision of the courts, or some other tribunal to
be selected by the Legislature, and agreed to by
the parties in interest.
I was directed by a resolution ofthe last Gene
ral Assembly, to withdraw the block of marble,
which had been furnished for the Washington
Monument from this State, on aooouut of the'ob
jectionable inscription upon it, and to provide an
other in its stead, with the simple inscription of
the Arms of the State. Finding that the object
of the Legislature coaid bo earned out by au al
teration of the inscription on the block already
furnished, 1 adopted that courae, as the most eco
nomical and appropriate under the circumstances.
By joint resolution ofthe last General Assem
bly. I wss required to appoint a comm-ssion to
examine and report to the present Legislature, on
the claims of Wm. Q. Anderson, Thoe. Anderson,
and Kichard J. Willis, securities of John B. An
derson, on his bonds, as Cashier snd agent of the
Darien Bank. 1 appointed Charles Dough erty and
Wm. Hope Hull, Esqs., and herewith UmMxnit to
job their report upon the subject.
I W’
> My predeoessor informed the last General As
. semlily that the question of the boundary be wcJ -
) Florida aud our own State had been *o>mtitu.i io
r the Supreme Court of the United Star, a, and that
l he had engaged the services of the Hen J. M. B. r-
I rien, as the attorney of the State. At he in- nice
-of Judge Berrien, 1 associated with him tho Hon.
I George E. Badger having been authorized b> r. s
olntion of tho last Legislature, to employ ad iiiioi.-
i aloonusel in tba case. The case is still pending;
■ and will probably be decided at the approaching
term of that coart.
A question of boundary between Suoth Caro
lina and Georgia haa arisen since tho adjournment,
of the last General Assembly. The correspeu
drove between the Governor" and the Attorney
General of South Carolina aud myself on that sub
ject is herewith transmitted. My views are so
,'ully presented in that correspondence, that I
deem it unnecessary to add anything in reference
to it. I recommend that the suggestion contain*
in the last letterof the Attorney General of South i
Carolina be acceded to, and that provision be ;
made for submitting the question of boundary i<>
the decision of the Supreme Conn of the United
States. It presents the most satisfactory mode et
settlinga dispute, which if left unadjusted, might
at some future day lead to unpleasant eons* I
quences.
By a joint resolution of the last General Assem i
bly, I was directed to appoint “ two suitable per !
sons as delegates lrom this State to attend a con ven
tion of delegates from the Thi rteeu Origi na! States, ’
which was held in I’hiladolphia-oii tho Oik of Jul.
1852. I appointed the lien. Marshall J. Wei- I
boru of Columbus, aud the lion. Asbnry Hull oi I
Athens, who accepted the appointment, and thoir j
report of the action of the convention is herewith '
transmitted. Tho object for which this convention I
assembled, and the mode by which that object is ;
to bo consummated, are so fully and satisfactory i
presented in the accompanying report, that I do i
not feel called upon to do more than ask for it j
your careful con-idoration. It is no local or se- j
tional movement, in which the peoplo of Philadol
pnianed Pennsylvania alone are interested. I;
wa; prompted by a national sentiment us broad as j
the Union—an t a spirit of gratitude and venora
tion as deeply implanted iu the hearts ofths Ann - I
ricau people, a. are the memories of our revotu I
tionary struggles. Georgia has participated so f.
with eommeudable zeal, aud patriotic ardor in tins
noble enterprise—and 1 doubt not, that every step l
of its future progress will be marked with the evi
denccs of hor liberality.
The last General Assembly passed a joint resn j
lution authorizing me “to erect, on the publi- I
grounds, near the State House, a suitable maim !
ment to the memory of our lato distinguished lei
low-citizen, Hon. John Forsyth, aud pay for the j
same out of the money appropriated for that pur
pose by tho act of tho Legislature, approved Feb
ruary 23, 1853.” Tho proposition contained in this
resolution meets my cordial approval. No one on
tertaius a higher appreciation of tho services an J
brilliant career of Mr. Forsyth, than myself, un -
it would have given me sincere pleasure to have
carried out '.lie intention of tho Legislature, if ii
could have beeu done. Tho amount .f tho appro
priation is wholly inadequate for the contemplated
object. A monument creeled on tho State jjou.-o
square, to tho memory ot Mr. Forsyth, should not
only bo creditable to t'lio State, but worthy of the
distinguished dead ; such n m onument cannot to
obtained for one thousand dollars. For this res
sou and for this reason al-ne, I havo taken no
steps to carry out this resolution and l now ro
commend that tho appropriation be increased to a
sum that will secure such a monument as the occa
sion calls for ; a monument worthy of the State oi
Georgia, and worthy of the distinguished .le
fen Jer of the Consti ution aud Union of onr
fathers.
Wo havo just had onr first judicial elections un
der the law giving loose elections to tho people.—
The policy ol tlielaw has been vindicated, and it
presents an appropriate occasion for recommending
an extension of its provisions to the remaining
ca cs of State officers elcclod by tho Legislature.
Our cleodon laws need amendment. The duly
"f deciding upon tho returns of many elections, is
by implication devolved upon tho Executive. No
rules, however, urn proscribed for his government
This should bo remedied by tho passage of uu act,
plainly defining his duty, power, and mode of pro
cedare.
Tho great number of laws which hare been
passed on the subject of the lands belonging to the
State has involvod that subject iu great difficult..
Many or these laws wore of a mere local character,
but thoir application being general in Ihe terms o.
the statute, nas produced a contrariety of provi
sions difficult to reconcile. Tho whole subject
neods thorough and radical legislation, and I tru t
it will receive ycur consideration during tho pro
sent session. For tho disposition of tho remaining
ungranted lands of every description that hzvv
been regularly surveyed, I would recommend that
the policy of the act ol 1848 bo adopted. Expert
encc has proven it to be, by far, tho most oeono
mical and satisfactory mode of disposing of the
public lands.
Thevlow but steady development of the minor-!
resources of our State, should bring to your atten
tion the importance of providing, for n thorough
geological survey of tho State. Other departments
of interest would be greatly benefited by it—aid
I recommend that ample provision be made for
that purpose.
I was requested by resolution of tho Senate of
tho last Legislature to make the alterations and
arrangements in the Soneto Chamber rendered
necessary by the increased number of that body.
It lias been attended to—and a portion of the ex
penso paid out ot the contingent fund. No special
appropriation was made to carry out this resolution,
and it now becomes necessary lor you to make an
early appropriation to pay the balance duo to Mr.
Lord, tho contractor. As he was among tho un
fortunate number who suffered severely from the
late fire in this city, I would urge upon you the
justice of providing for tho immediate settlement
of kis account.
Your attention lias doubtless been arrested by
tho destructive character of tho tiro to which 1
havo just alluded. Tho individual sufferers make
no appeal to you for rcliof, but it is in your power
to render essential aid, not only to them but to the
wholo community, by deeisivo action upon the
subject of a removal of the seat of government.
The constant agitation of that question has para
lyzad the energies of the people of Millcdgovillc
and crushed thoir spirit of enterprise. The future
prosperity of their city is involved in it, uud so
long os it remains an open and unsettled poiut, the
effect will bo felt aud soon in tho downward ten
dency of every interest connected with the pros
perity of tho city. Ample timo has been allowed
tor ascertaining tho popular will on the subject,
nud legislative expression should now bo given to
tho judgmoul of the people. It is duo not only to
this community, but also to the future comfort o'
those, who may be officially called to spend a per
tion of their timo at tho Capitol. Such ar
rangements as aro tcecossary to inako Miiledgo
vill a pleasant residence for the members of the
General Assembly, and others called hero by pub
lic business, can nover be mado until it is known
that the seat of Government will not bo removed.
Whatever, therefore, may be tho public will on
this subject, lot it b 3 made known iu such authori
tative form, as will relioveall doubt and anxiety
in reference to it.
FEDERAL RELATIONS.
I herewith transmil a communication from
the State Department of the Federal Government
accorapaniod'with a copy ol a “ Consular Conven
tion between the United States of Amorica and
Ilis Majesty tho Emperor of the French.” Your
attention is culled to the provisions of the seventh
article of tho convention.
I herewith transmit the resolutions of various
State Legislatures, which have been forwarded to
mo.
Since tho last session of the General Assembly,
an occurrence has transpired in which Georgia,
though not directly a party, is in my judgment
deeply interested, and t» which I deem it my du
ty to call your attention. A citizen of Virginia, on
his way to Texas with slaves, is by force of cir
cumstances, compelled to take a temporary transit
through tho city of New York. Upou Habeas
Corpus before Judge Payne of that State—tho ne
groes wore declared freo. and the citizen deprived
of his property. Though indemnified fully, I be-
Hove by voluntary subscription, yet the principle
involved in the decision Is ouo of vast im
portance and of startling tendency, in which tho
interest of Mr. Lemmons becomes insignificant,
aud the interest of every sluve holding Stale par
amount and equal. Virginia and Texas have no
deeper interest than Georgia and Alabama. It is
unciaratood that an appeal has been taken from the
doeision, to tho appellate court of New York, and
it is probable that the final adjudication of tho
question involved will be made by the Supreme
Court of tho United States. The deliberate deter
mination of any question by that tribunal, com
mands and should recoive the respect of the couu
try, and constitutes a precedent controlling subse
quent cases. The principles involved in tho deci
sion of Judgo l’nyue will be better considered in
a court room than in n document like tho present.
It is not my purpose, therefore, to submit an ar
gument on the correctness of that decision. If
such is the law, it is the first tlmo that it has been
solemnly thus pronounced, in a case made before
any tribunal within my knowledge. If it bo true
thatthecitizonsof the slave holding States, who by
force of circumstances or for convenience, seek a
passage through the territory of a non slave hold
ing State, with their slaves—aro thereby deprived
ol their property in them, and tho slaves ipso facto
become emancipated, it is time that wo know the
law as it is. No court in America has ever an
nounced mis to be law. It would bo exceedingly
straugo if it should be. By the comity of Nations
the personal status of every man is determined by
the taw of h’s domicil, and whether he bo bond or
freo, capable or incapable there , he remains so
every where until a new domicil is acquired. This
is but the courtesy of nation to uulion, founded,
not upon the statute, but is absolutely necessary
for the peace aud harmony ol States, and for the
enforcement of private justice. A denial of this
comity is unheard of among civilized nations, and ]
if deliberately and wantonly persisted in, would
be just cause of war. Can it bo possiblo that
the courtesy yielded by independent nations to
each other, can be rightfully denied by one < f
these State-to the others? Is tho bond ot Union
an authority or reason for a course of conduct so
unjustifiable without that b nd ? Did the trainer
of iho Con-litiitioii so wi.-o nud so provid ntax'm
all other possible causes of lii turbaiico between
the States, permit so pregnant a source of discord
to puss unheaded and" unprovided for ? In yield
ing our right to make treaties, aud to declare war,
have wo left ourselves remedyless in cases of pal
pable violation of the law and comity of nations ?
The adjudication of these questions by tho tribu
nal organized under the constitution, cannot he re
viewed with indifference by us. Every slave-hold
ing State should be hoard before that tribunal. I
therefore recommend, that in the event, '•f tho
Lemmon’s case being carried before the’, Snprcme
Court, tho Executive bo authorized to employ able
counsel, in bclialt of the Stato of Georgia, to be
heard before that court upon these questions.
The general condition of our Federal Relations
presents a flattering prospect. Since the happy
termination of those angry sectional strifes, which
for a time threatened our peace and quiet, the
country has returned to a stale of calm repose, and
all the indications of tho present, point to a happy,
peaceful and prosperous future^
Commercial Intelligence.
Rio Janeiro, Sept. 14. —Coffee was firm in the
market, and large sales were made. The total
sales from the Ist to the 13th Sept, were 41,000
of which 15,000 were for the United States
and the rest were for Europe. There were still in
the market 150,000 bags.
New Y'ork Money Market, Nov. 5, P. M.—The
Stock market, this morning, was hoavy, and clos
ed without animation. There seems but little dis
position to Operate. There is no change for the
better in the money market.
New York, Nov. 5, P. M.—The Cotton market
lias boon ratiier quiet Eince our last, but prices
bava not varied. The Africa ’s advices caused in
creased firmness, but no advance lias been obtain
ed The salea for the three days are 8,»«5 bales,
including 1,031 foi export, 3,123 for home use, and
806 on speculation— making a total for the week
of 8,663 bales. Wo quote Uplands as follows:
Ordinary,..,
Middling,
Middling Fair,
Fair, u *
Freights to Great Britain area trifle lower, while
to the Continent rate* have improved. The for
eign advices ore favorable, but the extreme rates
demanded for Breadstotfe prevent an advance
Yessets are scarce and wanted,.both for foreign and
coastwise ports. Cotton, to Liverpool, T.32d. a
Vd.: to Havre, Ic. tor Compressed and 1 tor
Sea Island. Spirits of Turpentine, to Liverpool
and London, 3s.
Louisville, Nov. 2—Mattbew F. Ward, the au
thor of “English Items,” &c, this morning shot
. Professor William Butler, the ball inflicting a dan
gerous wound in Butler’s left breast. The dilli
! culty was caused by Professor Butler hsvmg chas
> tisea a younger brother ot Ward’B who was a pu
i pal in his school.
, Lorisvillr, Nov. *.—Professor Butler, who was
- shot by Mathew F. Ward died last night. Jndge
j Joyce refused bail for Ward and remanded him to
1 I prion for trial. Ward’s younger brother, Robert
3 {j,, also been arrested and imprisoned, to answer
■ m an accomplice in tiie killing of Profeeeor Butler.
ity Jfldgnttu Cfjcgraflj.
Hallruad Convention.
Charleston, Nov. 7.— The Railroad Convention
met in this city to day, and adjourned until ten
j o’clock to morrow morning, when it will organize.
Charleston Market.
Tuesday, Nov. B.— Cotton .—Tho sales to-day,
have been 800 bales, at 7to 1 0 cents. Tho mur
, ket oloses firm with an advancing tendeucy in
prioes.
New Orleans Market.
Tuesday, Nov. B.— Cotton.— Sales to day of 500
hales. Prices irregular. Middling, SJf, Low Mid
dling 1% to Scents.
The first cargo of Malaga Raisins, received at
'-iiis port tills season, was sold at $3.85 to $8.60
per box.
Freights to Liverpool %d.
Exchange.— Sight checks on Now York to
1 per cent, premium.
The firs', cargo of new Coffee was received liorc
from Rio by the ship Ktkecca. She trings dates
to the 28d September, and reports Coffoe active
and firm.
Baliuore, Nov. 7.—Half of the viliago of Groen
Bay, Brown county, Wisconsin, has boen consum
ed by fire. The loss is estimated at SIOO,OOO.
Philadelphia, Nov. 5.—-Tho November pay
ments of our dry goods houses yesterday reached
"ver t roe million of dollars. There have been uo
failures among them.
Baltimore, Nov. 7.— The stexm ship Orescont
Oiiy has arrived at New York from Havana, which
p-rt she left on tho Ist inst. Trado was brisk,
and the cholera and yellow fever had disappeared.
N ew Orleans, Nov. 7.—Advices from iiavana
to the s'.k instant have beeu received in New Gr
imms, but they contain no intelligence of any im
portance.
Boston, Nov. s.— Bemis’ powder mill, situated
at Spencer, was blown yesterday with a fearful re-
P >rt, and five lives were lost. The namos of tho
killed were Henry Avis, Richard Avis, Robort
Perkins, Georgo Swalfow, John Lauglin. They
vero all blown a distanco of fifty rods, and thoir
bodies were shockingly mutilated. Ajwagon,with
u horso attached, near the mill was blown to piecos
but the horse escaped uninjured.
Philadelphia, Nov. s.—The steamship City of
Manchester soiled this morning from this port for
Liverpool, with 80 passengers and $160,000 in
.-pec'ie.
The steamer Keystono State arrived here this
morning from Savannah. She encountered a se
vere storm while off Capo Huttcrus, aud reports
having passed a vessel water-logged and aban
doned.
New Orleans, Nov. 7.—On Monday Cotton
was steady at New York prices, aud 8,500 bales
were disposed of. Strict middling was quoted at
0 cents. 1,500 barrels of Moiasscs changed hands
at 22j£ a 28 cents per gallon. 4,000 bugs of Rio
Coffoe were sold at from 10V a 11 cents per lb.
Rieu was dull at from $5 a $5.25 por owt. Supor
line Hour was declining.
Baltimore, Nov. 4—Tho steamship Black War
rior, Capt. J. D. Bulloch, arrived at New York on
Thursday morning from Mobilo aud Havana, hav
ing left tho formor port oi. the 26th and the lattor
on the 29th ult. On the 80th and 81st ult., the
B aek Warrior experienced a heavy Northor off
the Coast of Florida. There is uo news of impor
tance irom Havana. Iu addition to tho American
po.-sels, 20 foreign vessols arrived oil tho 28tli ult.,
which will have the effeot to bring down freights,
aud lower the price of flour und Moditorraueau
fruit.
On the same day, the six American seamen, that
wore part of the crew of the American bark Jas
per, and were secreted in April last upon theCayo
Cortes, appeared at Havana, ad board of a Spanish
schooner as prisoners, and were placed in prison
by the order of tho Captain-General, and will bo
subjected to the same trial as Uio previous three,
who were condemned. Col. Robertson, the acting
Consul of tho United States, fas given duo notico
of tho matter to tho Department in Washington.
Baltimore, Nov. 4.—The trial of Mr. Collyer,
one of the owners, and Capt. Tailman and other
officers of the steamer Henry Clay, for manslaugh
ter, in reference to the loss of life by the burning
of that vessel, which has been going on in the
United States Circuit Court of New York for near
ly two weeks, was concluded on Wednesday. The
parties indicted were declared Hat Guilty, the jury
returning a verdict ol acquittal after a consultation
of only twenty minutes.
[This is the punishment for ono wholesale
slaughter. Why aro not tho boros of tho affair
rewarded at once ? Tho enacting of tho farce ol
tliis trial, and the previous proceedings in the
caso, will, according to the New York Express,
cost tho Government somewhere in the neighbor
hood of $20,000. — Eds. 6'our.J
Buffalo, Nov. I.— There have boen severe gales
on ihe Lakes, which have involvod tho wreck of a
number of vessols: annexed aro tho particulars as
far os received:
Tho large new brig Philo Sooville, on her first
trip from Milwaukee, wont to pieces on Thursday
in Lake Huron, iu a uovero gale. Hor cargo com
prised 10,000 bushels of wheat and sotno flour,
Ihe vessel was insured for SB,OOO in the Sun and
Mercantile offices, New York. The crew got
ashore on tho mainmast. The vessel is a complete
wreck.
The propeller New England, previously reported
as ashore on the Canada side, lias arrived safo at
Detroit.
The steamer Southerner, has gone to pieces near
Ashtabnlu. Hor cargo consisted of 1500 bbls. of
flour, und 1200 hogs. The flour is much damaged,
aud a portion of the hogs were drowned. Tho en
gines of tho vessol are broken up. She is insured
for $15,000, S9OOO of which are in tho Astor, and
S3OOO in the Atlas, New York. The stoamer was
ownod by Mr. Curry, whose loss amounts to
$16,000.
The sohr. H. G. Walker, with a load of lumber,
i* a total loss at Madison, on Lake Michigan.
Tho stoamer Minnesota, ashore in Detroit river,
will prove au entire loss.
Louisville, Nov. I. —Another fire occurred this
morning on Main street between 2d and 3d streets.
It destroyed Houso’n Telegraph office : Basts’ To
bacco Factory and tho wholesale grocery es Bus
tard. Loss unknown.
Boston, Nov. I. — The bark Dilligence, at this
port from Matanzas, report on 22d ult., lat. 80 52,
lon. 77, saw a vossol dismasted and abandoned, on
lire, with tho name of Crawford on tho head.
Tho schooner 11. M. Jenkins, at Holmes’Hole,
reports—Oot. 25th, picked up a boat with the crow
of tho steamer Edmund Adams, of Philadelphia,
from Port Richmond, hound to Jersey City, which
vessel sprung a leak aud sunk on tho 24th. Tho
crew saved nothing, and had been in the boat two
days without provisions nr water.
A telegraphic dispatch from St. John, N. 8.,
ttiis morning, says that the ship President hns
been got off, aud is at anohor off Partridge Island.
SPECIAL NOTICES.
0T We are authorized to announce ft. 8,
SCRUGGS, as a candidate for Clerk of Superior and Infe
rior Conrte of Burke connty, at the ensuing election In
JANUARY next, by MANY VOTERS.
GEORGIA FEMALE 00LLEGE.-1854.
This Institution, which was Chartered In
1849, has continually enjoyed a high degree of prosperity
under the direction of a Faculty oi experienced and sue
ceisful instructors. The course of study is full and com
prefcensive. The recitations are conducted so as to bring
into play the various mental powers of the pupil. Tho
apparatus cost about $2,000 j and is kept in constant use
by the Professor of Natural Science. Pupils in the Musi*
cal Department enjoy unnanal advantages. They receive
Scientific instruction in common with all the School in
Vocal Music, and they are also instructed in the Composi
tion of music and in thorough Bara.
With a view to aid in supplying the home demand for
teachers, the Trustees have established a Normal Gl-irs,
for the benefit of those who wish to receive instruct'on in
theory and practice of teaching.
M> (uetra charge* are made for Incidentals or Statione
ry.
The SpriDg Term commences on MONDAY, the 9th of
January. Catalogues may be Obtained from either of the
officers. THO 3 J. BURNEY,
Madison, November 8,1853. Bee’y Board Trustees.
n5-twliw*wUls
f2#r* We are authorised to announce BENJAMIN
P. HUBERT as a candidate for the office of Clerk of the
Superior and Inferior Courts of Warren county, at the en
suing January election. _ n 2
|'SET We authorized to announce JAMES
KNOX for Tax Receiver or Columbia coun
ty, afc4hd&ss&n : ih January next. Maxy Votkm.
MARRIED.
On the 3d inst., by Rev. Jno. S. Dunn, Mr. LUCIUS A.
LUKE,of Columbia county, and Miss MARY A. FREEMAN,
of Lincoln^ounty,Ga.
City papers please copy.
On Thursday, the 8d inst., by the Rev. Mr. Binney, Mr
WM. A. BAIN, of Baltimore, and Miss ELEANOR M.OOG
DELL, of this city.
Baltimore Sun please copy.
On the Ist lust., by Mial Smith, J. I. C., Mr. JOHN H.
TILLER and Miss MARY BAINES’, all or Oglethorpe co.
died:
At Raytown, Taliaferro county, on 6th olt., WILLIAM
HKRVEY, second son of John W. and Francis A. Wright,
aged six years and three months.
“ And Jesus called a little child unto him.”
Cease, then, fond nature—cease thy tears,
For Jesus dwells on high.
In this city, on the 4th inst., Mr. GALLUS FAUST, In
the 45th year ot his age.
&r Charleston and Savannah papers please copy.
In this city on the sth inst., WILLIAM EDWARD,
youngest son of Nathaniel and Mary Green.
OBirUABY.
Died, at his plantation in Lsurees county, 2d October,
1868, Col. HEN BY V. JONEI-, of Burke county, iu the Wth
y was born and reared in Burke county, and
resided, at P.e time of his death.on the land granted to his
father, Philip Jones, for his services in the war of t..e Re
volution. Few men ever evinced so ardent and child- Ike
attachment to his fraternal estate ; and much of his time
snd fortune have been spent in improving and ornament
ing it. The improvements upon his homestead were, to
him, truly a “ labor of loveand every where about it be
has left, for the obserrat-on and example of his children,
memorials of hia care and rural taste. 4 man cr plain
education, he possessed a mind of great vigor, which,
though ever inclining to the useful, was keenly tjnrj to
the beautiful and ornamental; and to the union of
he ever aimed in all that he did. Os a quiet aid retiring
disposition, his lile was of the same unostentatious and
unpretending character —one which was rather felt by its
influence than seen by its operations.
He wav the architect of bi* own fortunes—and to few
only has a greater measure of success been awarded. Left,
in boyhood, an orphan, by the death ofh'.a father, the
straightened circumstances of that early dav inculcate!
habits of self dependance and self-denial. These impress
ed his mind and shaped his life to unwearied industry and
the practice of rigid economy. HU practical character
ltd him to eatimite raeu rather by their real merit
than bv their pretensions, or the distinction of circum
stances. Hence, where the world often makes a diadilu
tion affiong men, he saw none; and the poor with the rich
were alueio his favo,rand equally wslcoms to his hosp -
tality. He did not give to be called liberal, nor did he re
fuse because the applicant could not make a return ; for.
such he was ever ready to assist. His kindness flowed
through needy channels. Many years of hls Use he en
joyed the enviable satisfaction of knowing that he had
Dlaced many a dependent household above want; and it is
believed that, at the day of his death, there were more
poor people living upon his ebarity than that of any other
man in the State. Thoughnot a professor of Religion, he
was a diligent reader of the Bible, and bowed humbly to
its authority. His last illness, which was protracted, was
the merciful instrument of his correction. In this cruel
ble, it is believed, he earnestly sought the Pearl of great
price, and it is hoped he found it.
ADMIXISTRATOR'd BALK.-By au order of the
Court of Ordinary of Newton c junty, on the first
Tuesday in DECEMBER next, at Dahlonega, Lumpkin
county, the following lots of LAND, viz :
Lot No. 636,11 th Dist., Ist flee., originally Cherokee now
Lumpkin county.
Lot No. 1020, lith Dist., Ist Sec., originally Cherokee
now Lumpkin coenty.
Lot No. 1115,11 th Dist., Ist Sec., originally Cherokee
now Lumpkin county.
Lot No. 44,15 th Dist., Ist Soc. originally Cherokee, now
Lumpkin county.
Lot No. 271,6 th Dist., Ist Sec., originally Cherokee, now
Lnmpkin county.
Lot No. 236,4 th Dist., Ist Sec., originally Cherokee, now
Lumpkin county. Terms made kno*n on day of sale.
A. M. RAMSEY, Adm’r.,
on the est. James Kstis, lata of Newton county, dec’d.
November 1,1853.
r¥M% O MOfttUo after date application will be made
A to the Ordinary of Taliaferro CouUy for leave to sen
ail the LAND and NEOROES belonging to the Eitateof
Richard King deceased.
JOHN CHAPMAN, Adm*,
November 9,1858. RACHAEL KINO, Adm*.
500°5 W
COMMERCIAL.
tI'UUfeTA MARKET.
Weekly Report.. .. ,»-Ai Tuesday, P. M
COTTON.—At tha c’ooo of our tut weekly report the
market was firm with a good demand for the better descrip
tion!. Id this condltloo, a ithoat any change In prices, it
continued till Saturday, when the news by the Africa wae
rtcelred, showing an advance of X®Md. In Liverpool
This had a favorable effect on our market, and yesterday
prices advanced >,'©Xc., at which hoidero are very firm,
though buyers do not take hold freely. The receipts are
unusually light for the season, and the stock on sale small*
bence, as the advance la not well established, the tranac
tions are necessarily limited. The impression Is becoming
very general that the crop In Georgia, if not tbe entire
crop, will (all lar below an average one, which has its in
fluence on holders, and they exhibit little disposition to
sell. The following quotations afford a fair index of the
rates:
Inferior and Ordinary T 0 3
Middling BXO 9
Good Middling 9)40 9*
Middling Fair 9H® 9Jtf
Falrto Fully Fair....... 10 0—
It is proper to remark that buyers are very strict in their
classifications.
RECEIPTS TO LATEST DATEA
1888. 1853.
New Oilcans, Nov. 1 131,789 818,559
Mobile, Oct. 83 . 26,481 I 85,649
Florida, Oct. 15 1,864 j 1,108
Texas,Oct. 30 8,163 7,064
Savannah, Nov. 8 84,101 41,206
Charleston, Nov. 3 44,800 46,676
North Carolina,Oct. 22 289 1,496
Virginia,
Total 211,27 T 450,688
Decrease 209,406
STOCKS IN SOUTHERN PORTS.
New Orleans, Nov. 1...... ,i 100*788 I 174,986
Mobile, Oct. 23 22,646 26,057
Florida, Oct. 15 1,680 1,614
Texas,Oct. 20 1,461 ! 2,088
Savannah,Nov.B 17.58 S . 24,657
Charleston, Nov.B 21,016 27,740
North Carolina, Oct. 22 125 1 460
Virginia,Sept. 1 400 450
Total in Southern Ports 166 044 250,886
New York,Nov.l 28,831 16,260
Total Stook 139,426 278,096
. EXPORTS. ‘ “
To Great Britain. 71,2401 123,098
‘ *J»nce. 9,481 , 17,895
Other Foreign Ports 16,155 j 20,475
Total Foreign Export* 96,876 j 165,968
To Northern Ports 64,188 | 76,444
TRADE AND BUSINESS continue good. The supplies
ofGcods,generally, areamplo in eve-y department, and
dealers have been busily engaged during the week.
GROCERIES.—The supplies of the leading articles in
the Grocery trade are very good, except bait, which is
%iite scarce. We, however, note no change in prices of
any of them, and would refer to our quotations.
PROVISIONS.—The demand for Bacon Is limited and
prices are barely sustained. Flour continues in good de
mand and commands readily our quotations.
GRAlN.—There has been a little more animation
in the Corn trade this week, and holders have acquired
more firmness. A largo lot, however, would not com
mand over 60 to 65c. Wheat continues in good demand
at our quotations.
BAGGING AND ROPE. —The prospect of a short crop
of Cotton, and the heavy stock of Bagging, have softened
prices. It is generally sold from store at 12)4o. Hope is
worth 9)4 to 10c.
EXCHANGE.—The Banks sell cheokson the North at
% fyt cent. prem.
FREIGHTS. - The River continues in good navigable
condition, and Freights are the same as last reported.
Foreign Markets.
LIVERPOOL, Oct 81.—Our circular advices of the 14th,
per Niagara, reported rattier more steadiness in our Cotton
market on that day, with estimated Bales of 7000 bales.
Balurday'soperatlons were to aeimilar extent, with a more
cheeifultoneprevailing. On Mon lay (the advices per
Africa being to hand in the meantime) the business was in
creased to SOliO bales which included 800 U taken by Specu
lators (principally on Amurican account) and Exporters:
holders evincing less disposition to sell, full prices re Used,
especially for parcels classing middling and upwards; the
lower grades were also more saleable. The transactions on
Tuesday were more circumscribed, being estimated at 6000
bales without change in value.
On Wednesday 70i0 bales changed hands, the current
qualities becoming scarce, gradually hardened in price
and desirable lots were )4d.|i lb. dearer. Yesterday a
steady enquiry was experienced, resulting In sales of 0000
baler. Surats having been more In demand, influenced a
better sale for low American. The trade have purchased
in full proportion to their consumption, but the uncertainty
of the future induces cautious actum on their part, and a
disposition to limit operations to immediate requirements,
while the same cause tends to restrict speculative transac
tions; holde sdo rot, however, press sales so forcibly ns
hitherto, and although the market is freely supplied,there
is not the same choice offering.
The total sales of the week amount to 45,726 bales, of
which 8128 bales are to speculators and 4691) to exporters,
and incudc 81,650 bales ol American, of which 6580 are to
speculators, and 1470 to exporters, leaving 82,910 bales of
all kinds to the trade.
Tlie imports for the same time is 22,102 bales, of which
18,868 are American.
PKICS3 TODAY.
Fair. Middling. Ordinary,
New Orleans..6)4d &7id@6 d B)4iaßd.
Mobile 6)4(1 B?4d@SKd BX&M
Atlantic d 5)
To-day’s business is estimated at 6000 bales, 1000 Speou
lation and Export, the market closing firmly.
Little can be taid in addition to our previous remarks on
the prevailing state of ass sirs on this side of the Atlantic, and
the probable future is equally obscure. The Eastern ques
tion continues to excite attention, and the climax seems of
near approach. Actual hostilities are deferred tiU the 26th.
In the interim active preparations are in progress by both
powers, and Russia has declared that the war is to be one
of extermination. England and France are energetical y
employed to bring about a peaoeful solution of differences,
but the issue is very doubtful.
The labor question has resulted in the closing of all the
factories in Wigan, and most of those in Preston, which
will be followed by a similar course of action in many other
districts shortly, although we hear a compromise between
masters and men is in contemplation. Contrary to gtner
al expectation, the Bank has not further raised the rate of
interest this week, but as such is more than probable with
in a short space of time, the commercial community evince
little eagerness to extend transactions with BUch powerful
elements to contend aga nst.
The Manchester market has presented a more cheerful
aspect titan for some time past, botii the India and German
houses extending their orders, no doubt anticipating a cur
tailed supply of Yarns, Ac., from the effects of the turn
outs and closing of many apinuing establishments. Prices
for all descriptions aro somewhat stlffer, but although
buyers are more numerous, the demand is not sufficiently
extensive to admit of general improvement.
We have had a liberal import of Breadstuff's in the past
week, notwithstanding which an active demand has been
experienced, both for consumption and export coastwise,
and pricesofhoth Wheat and Flour have further advanced,
the former 6d. 70 lbs., and the latter 23. (id *2 1,1,1.
The weather is unfavorable for field operations which has
imparted additional strength to tho market, and the ac
counts from inland districts further stimulate holders in
their high pretensions. At to-day’s meeting the attend
ance was good, and extreme prices were paid for all ar
ticles, Indian Corn,being more in demand, at?s. quar
ter advance. — WngM, Gatuly Jb Co.
HAVRE, October 19.—1 wrote you on Monday last, by
the Arctic (s.) Yesterday the sales In our Cotton market
amounted to i 960 ba'es at steady prices, although the de
mand wus less spirited than before.
To-day the transactions have been moderate; the sales
amount to 120 b bales, at the same rates, which are well sup
ported.
In Flour there was an active demand yesterday. 6006
bbls. were taken at 68f. 00®61f, according to quality.
To-day the market has besD dull for Flour, but brisk for
Wheat, and American white Wheat realised 80f®80f,60 Ip
sack of 200 kilos.
The Parthenia arrived from New York with Rice and
Flour. The Geu. Uurbut and Advance, both for New York,
are ready for sea. The weather has again beoome boister
eus.
AIUIJBTA I’HICHtt 41UHUBNT.
WHOLESALE PRICES.
BAGGING.-GunUy perfard 112 © | 12*
Kentucky “ none.
Dundee “ lu* © 11
BACON.—Hamo per lb. 18 © >B
Shoulders “ 7 © 8
Bides “ 9 © 9*
Hog Hound “ 8* i t 8*
BUTi'Ett—Qoshan “ 38 © 86
Country “ 19* © It
BRICKS- per 1,000 600 © 880
CHEESE.—Northern per lb. 18 © 18
EnglioliDairy..... 11 18 © 13
00l PEE.—Rio “ 11* i \ 12*
Lagulru “ 11 jl 18
Java ** 14 ( t 18
DOMESTICUOODB. .aim 76 © 81
XShirting per yard 4* © 7*
i “ r. “ 8 © «*
B-4 “ “ 10 © 18>f
6-4 « “ 11 © 14
Osnaburgs “ © 9
FEATHERS.— per lb. 40 © 48
PISH— Mackerel,No.l....perbbl. It 00 ©lB 00
No. 9 “ 18 00 ©lO 00
No. 8 “ 10 B 0 ©llOO
No. 4 8 © 9
Herring 5..,.......... per box © 100
ILOUB.—Country per bbl. t 00 © t6O
Tennessee “ 800 © 860
Oanal. ** 626 fi k 860
Baltimore ** tOO | i 700
II Irani Smith'u “ 900 f I 860
City Mills “ tOO j t 660
GRAlN.—Corn,sacks included, por bush. 65 © 75
Wheat white “ 100 © 128
do. Red “ 80 © 90
Oats “ none.
Rye “ none.
Peas “ 90 © 100
GUNPOWDER.—
Duponts’ .....perkeg 475 © 660
Hazard •• 478 © 860
IRON.—Swedes perlb. 4* © 6*
Engbsh “ 4 © 4*
LARD.— perlb. 19*© 14
UMl.—Country perboz none.
Northern per bbl. 187 © 212
LUMBER perl,ooo 10 00 ©l4 00
MOLASBES.—Cuba per gall. 28 © 26
Orleans R «8 ; © 87
NAILS.— perlb. Bid © «
OlLS.—Sperm,prime..l. porgall. 160 ©l7O
Lamp “ I*o © 1 66
TraiS « • «0 © , W
Linseed “ JJ © JJO
Castor “ 160 © 176
RICE— per tierce 6 © 5*
ROPE. —Kentucky perlb. 9* © 10
Manilla “ „. © «
RAISIN’S.— perboz 876 © 400
SPIRITS. —NorthernGln. per gall. 42 45
Rum. “ 4 b 48
N.O. Whisky “ 86 87
Peach Brandy “ S 1 ??
Apple do ....j... “ 50 75
Holland Gin “ J 5 J™
Ccgnacßrandy ** BCO i \ 400
SUGARS.—N. Orleans... perlb.
Porto Rico M J © ®
Muscovado 11 ® W
Leaf " 11 © \\X
Crushed , “ K
Powdered ** WX € >
Stuart’s Refined A...•• 9 9%
«• “ 8... •• BtfQ 9
« « 0... « 8 JH
SALT.- pcrbushel, 00 00
per sacx 000 175
Blown “ 8 00 8 50
SOAP.—Yellow perlb. ® JH
SHOT.— per bag 9 2 25
TWINE.—Hemp Bagging, per lb. J* JJ
Cotton Wrapping.... ** 10 ©
It is proper to remark that these are the current
rates at wholesale from store—of course at retail prices are
a shade higher, and from the Wharf or Depots, In large
quantities, a shade lower. .
VDMIRIBTBATOH’S SALK.—WiII be tola on
Thursday, thel6;hof DECEMBER next, *t the late
residence of Mary Steed, late of Columbia county, de
ceased, the PERISHABLE PROPERTY belonging to said
estate, consisting of Mule*, one Horse, Corn, Fodder,
Oats. Wheat, Household and Kitchen Furniture, Planta
tion Tools, Cattle, Fat Hogs, Stock Hogs, one Wagon, one
(our wheel Carria t e, one joke of Oxen, and other articles
too tedi >us to mention. Pale to continue from day to day
until all Is sold. Terms made known on the day of sale.
November W. P. STEEP, Adm’r.
DMI.VIBTUATOH’B BALK.—WiII be fold on the
first Tuesday in JANUARY next, before the Court
house door in Polk county, one lot LAND, containing 40
acres, known as l<ot No. 1408, in the 30th diet., 41 sec. Polk
formerly Cherokee county. And on the same day,before
the Court house door In Gilmer county, one lot LAND,
known as lot No. 190, in the 11th diet., 2d sec., of Ollmer,
formerly Cherokee county, containing 160 Acres. Sold by
order of the Court of Ordinary of Elbert ocunty, as a por
tion of the real estate of James B. Jones, late of Elbert
county, deceased. Terms made known on tire day of sale.
November 1,1813. THOS. F. WILLIB, Adtn'r.
A DMINIBTBATOB’S BALK.—Pursuant to an or
CX. der of the Court of Ordinary or Columbia county, will
i>e sold, on the first Tuesday in JANUARY next, at Ap
pling, before the Court-house door In said county, between
the usual hours of sale, the following properly, to wit:
Five likely N EGROEB, one a B'acksmitb, also one a Bemp
trese and Cook, one Girl and two Boys. All belonging to
the estate of Mary Steed, late of said county, deceased.
Sold for the benefit of the heirs and creditors. Terms—
credit till the first of December, 1664. Particulars made
known on the day of sale. W. P. STEED, Admr,
November 9,1858. .
IT'XKCtJTOH’B BALK Win be UU on the
Hi first Tuesday in JANUARY next, before Ihe Court
House door in the town of Covington, Newton county,
pursuant to the last will and testament of William Nolen,
Sate of said county, deceased, the following property, to
wit • Seven hundred seres of Laud, more or less, lying in
the Eighth and Ninth Districts "f originally lfeary now
Newton countv adjoining Wo. Ward on the south, lsham
Weaver Uw west and north rest, and the Yellow ri er
th c“.7»nd“ast. Also the following Negroes to wr;
hen aud Aaron, men; Tom, Li He Henry, Bg lKnry .nd
t'eorgc boys ; Hannah and Ceuda, Women, and their
child* eu. The above property sold for the purpose if a
d vision agreeably to the last will and testament of the
siid William Nolen, deoeased.
•aldwuiia JAMES NOLEN, I . ,
November 9,1863. STEPHEN NOLEN, f .
kjIXTY DAYS afterdate, application will be made to
the Court of Ordinary of Columbia county, for leave
to sell the Real estate of Maoleu Shit, deceased.
November 9, IKS. JOEL U HUB, Adm’r.
MISCELLANEOUS. 1
VALUABLE LAMM IN COLUMBIA COUNTY FOB
PURSUANT to an order In Chancery, in the mj* of
Augusta A. Goetehius and other*, vs. Rynear V. Goet
chins, 1 rustee, Ac , the undersigned offer, at private sale,
the following LANDS on Uchee Creek, in Columbia oounty,
lately owned by Charles T. Bealle, deceased:
Alt that Tract, in said oounty, known as “ LowivUle,”
containing 493 acres, more or less, and adjoining lands of
Jesse Walton and Turner Clanton.
-ALBO
- that other Tra d, in said County, known as the ■■Howe
Place,” containing 860 acres, more or lew, now divided Into
two parts of 480 acres each, and bounded by lands of Jen*
Walton, Crawford, Simons, and Ramsay.
If not disposed of at private sale, before Thursday, the
18th day of J AND ARY next, said lands will then be offered
at public outcry, on the premises, known as the “Home
Place.” ALSO—
At the same time and piece, wIU be sold, in lots to snit
purchasers, all the perishable proporty, Stook, Horses,
Mules, Farming Implements, Ac., on the premises.
F.rTerms, apply to either of the un.ler.igmjd, at Au
gusta, Ga. WM. A. WALTON, Trustee.
u 4 THOS. W. MILLER, Agent.
TRUSTEE'S BALK.—Pursuant to an order of the
Superior Oonrt of Richmond county, will be sold, on
the tint Tuesday in JANUARY next, at the Lower Mar
ket House, in the city of Augusta, within the usual hours
of sale, the following property, belonging to Martin Craw
ford Dye and Samuel Henry Dye, to wit; All that lot or
parcel of LAND, in said city, fronting on Greene and Ellis
streets, each fifty-eight (68) feet, more or less, with a depth
of two hundred and sixtylour *264) feet, more or leas *
and bounded on the north by Ellis-street, south by Greene
street, east by lot known as Oliver’s, and west by Isaiah
Purse’a lot. Terms on the day of sale.
November 6,1858. BUSAN DYE, Trustee.
A PLANTATION OF THE BIGHT HIND.
‘IAAA ACRES of the best farming LAND in Ogle-
AvuU thorpe county, 18 miles below Lexington, offer
ed at private sale. It iadivided with two improvements.
One of the places will equil any in Middle Georgia—it has
every convenience that a man could desire. The other la
newly built, with fair Improvements. One place contains
about 800 acres, the other about 1200—900 nores of wood
land of superior quality; a large quantity of bottom land,
(that is tillable) that oannot be excelled; 600aoreeln cul
tivation and under good fence. All kinds Provender,
Household ard Kitchen Furniture, Btock, Plantation
Tools, in fact, every thing pertaining to a farm. 1 will
sell the whole to one individual, or to two purchasers if
they come forward. The present crop, unfavorable as the
year haa been, will show very well. Come and look for
yourselves. It will compare with any place in Georgia, as
regard! health. For a more particular description, ad
dress U. 8. TAYLOR, Lexington, Ga.
P. S. Terms will be made very accommodating to an ap.
proved purchaser. n4-wlm K. 8. T.
ADM INISTH A TOR’S NAUR.—On the FIRST TOES
DAY in DECEMBER next, pursuant to an Order of
the Honorable the Ordinary Court of Richmond County,
will bo sold at the Court House of Columbia oounty, at
Apltug, the following Negroes belonging Jo the estate or
Dr. George Graves, deceased, to-wit: Pempey, Andrew,
Lewis, Joe, Hannah, Blnab, Tempy, Nancy and her lour
children, tu-wit: Carter, Joe, Lemore and Aurelia. Terms
made known on the day of sale.
GILBERT TENNENT, I . . ,
GEO. G. BIRD, j-Admre.
With the will annexed of Dr. Geo. T. Graves, dec’d.
November 6,1558.
Administrator's sale.—By virtue or an or
der from tbe Court of Ordinary of Lincoln county
will be aolcl, on the first Tursdsy in JANUARY next be
fore the Court house door in said county, between the
lawful hours of sale, the lollowing property, to wit: Amy
a Woman, twenty (2J) years old; Audera..u,a boy, twelve’
(12) years old. Sold as ttie property of John W. Ross, late
of Lincoln county, deceased. Sold for the benefit of the
heirs end creditors of said deeoesed. Terms on the day of
sale. ETUELDRKD B. ROSS, Adm’r.
November 6,1868.
ADMINISTRATOR'S GALE.—By virtue clan or
der from the honorable the Conrt of Ordinary of
Lincoln county, will be told, on tbe first Tuesday in JAN
UARY next, before the Courthouse door in said county,
within the legal hours of salo, the following properly, to
wit: Jlncy, a woman, forty (40) years old; Doroas, twen
ty-four (24) jears old and Child; Adeline, twenty-two
years old; Charles, a man, twenty-six (26) years old;
Wesley, a boy, eleven (II) years old; Gilbert, a boy,
eight (8) years old; Henry, a boy, six (6) years old; Wil
liam, a boy, six (6) years old; Mary, a girl, tlirce(B)
years old. Sold as tbe property of William Turner, late
of Lincoln county, deceased, for the benefit of tho heirs
and creditors of said deceased. Terms on lire day oisale
KIMBRO 8. TURNER, Adm’r.,
November 6,1358. with the will annexed.
ADMINISTRATOR'S NALK.-Will be sold, althe
late resldenue of William Turner, late ofLlnooln
county, deceased, on Tuesday, 18th of DKOKMBER next,
within the legal hours of sale, tire following property, to
wit: Slock of Horses, Cattle, Sheep, liogs, Corn, Fodder,
Wheat, Piantatlon Tunis, Household and Kitchen Furni
uiture, and many other articles too tedious to mention.
Ter aon tho day of sale.
KIMBRO S. TURNER, Adm’r.,
November 6, 1868. with the will annexed.
ADMINISTRATORS’ HALE.—On the first Wed
nesday in DECEMBER next, being the 7th, pursusnt
to an order of the Honorable the Coutt of Ordinary of
Colombia county, will be sold at Appling, between the
usual hours of sale, all the perishable property belonging
to the estate of Mrs. Mary Oravts, deceased, consisting
of Household and Kitchen Furniture, Horses, twelve
likely Mules, Corn, Fodder, Hay and Plantation Utensils.
Terms twelve months credit,
GILBERT TENNBNT, I . , ,
November 6,1868. GEORGE G. BIRD, f Admr’s.
NOTICE.— All persons indebted to John B7Graves
late of Columbia coanty, dec'd., aro requested to set
tle with the undersigned; and tboee persons having claims
against his estate, are requested to present the same with
in the time prescribed by law.
November 6,1858. GILBERT TENNENT, Adm’r.
TO HEBCHAjnS.
TUB UNDERSIGNED offers for salo the commodi
ous and recently fitted up BTORE-lIOUBE In the
town of Lexington, Oglethorpe county, lately in the occu
pancy of Mesars. Arnold A Uansby ; and capable of show
ing to advantage a stook of Goods of the value of from 10
to 20,010 dollars. In the rich and populous county of
Oglethorpe, there are, at the campy seat now, but two
stores. There Is necessarily a fine openlug, and a better
opportunity than Is often afforded to business men ouoe in
a life-time. Over the Grocery portion of the store-room
is a large Concert Hall, 50 by 24 feet, togeiher with a lial I
of entrauceand twoolfices, or bed-rooms, of ample dlmen
elons. Attached to the building is a hall aore LOT, more
or less. Now is the time; and purchasers will find it their
interest to take hold at once. lam folly authorised to dis
pose of this property privately, under the will of roy late
husband, Wit. 8. Arnold; and, if not so sold, will bs offered
at public sole on the first Tuesday in JANUARY next.
—ALSO—
A likely young Negro WOMAN, 92 or 28 years old, a
good Cook, Washer and House Servant The property
can be examined, and the terms known at any time, by
calling upon Mr. James Arnuld, or
NANCY O. ARNOLD, Ex’trlx.
Lexington, Qa., Nov, 1,1868. u 4
BURKE SHERIFF'S HALE.—WiII be add, before
the Oourt-house door, in the town of Waynesboro’, in
said conuty, on the first Tuesday In DECEMBER next,
within the legal hours of sale, a Negro Woman SLAVE,
named Mary; i ark complexion, about 22 years of age:
Levied on as the property of Jerret Reds, to satisfy sundry
11. fas. issued from a Magistrates’s Court in favor of R. W.
Rogers It Rro., and others. Levy made and returned to
me by a constable.
—ALSO—
Twenty-four (24) Acres of LAND, the dowery of Amanda
Lambert, it being one-third (18) of seventy-two (72) acres
of Land assigned to the defendant out of the Land belong
ing to the estate of Elbert Lambert, dec’d.: Levied on ts
the property of said Amanda Lambert, In favor of John T.
Bhewmake and others. Levy made and returned lo me
by a constable. A. C. KIRKLAND, Sh’ff.
November 4,1668.
WARREN COUNTY, GA—Whereas, Jss. lUr
den, applies to mo for letters of Guardianship ol the
pereon and property of Anna B. Harden, minor and or
phan of Stephen T. Harden, ceceaaed:
These are therefore to cite und admonish, all and slngu
lar, the kindred and friends of said orphan to be and ap
pear at my office within the time prescribed by law. to
show oause, If any they have, why said letters should not
be granted.
Given under my hand at cflioe in Warrenton.
Nov. 8,1868. AUDEN R. MKRBHON, Ordinary.
NOTICE.— All persons Indebted to the estate of Au
gustus R. I’erry, minor, late f f Columbia county, de
ceased, arc requested to make immediate payment; and
these haring demands against said estate are requested to
present them, duly authenticated, in terms of the law.
November, 8, 1868, (LC. RICHARDS, Adra'r.
ADM I N IHTHATOH’H HALE.—Fursuant toan or
der from the Ordinary ol Columbia county, on the
first Tuesday in January next, before tho Court house
door, in the county of Columbia, will be sold, the following
property, vis: Five NEGROES, belonging to the estate of
Augustus 1L Perry, minor, late of said county, deceased.
—ALSO—
At the same time ami place, one half of a tract of LAND,
fwldow’s dower excepted) containing Three Hundred and
Twenty Acres, situated In said county, and adjoining
Lands ofS. Roberts and others. Sold In order to make a
division among the legatees of said deceased.
November 8,1658. O. O. RICHARDS, Adm’r.
WARRKN COUNTY, GKO.—Whereas, James A.
Shivers applies to be for letters of Administration on
the Estate of Augusta B. Smith, late of said county, dec’d—
These are therefore to cite and admonish all and singu
lar, the kindred and creditors of said deceased, to be and
appear at my office, within the time prescribed by law, to
show cause, if any they have, why said Letters should not
be granted.
Given under my hand, at office in Warronton.
Nov. 8,18?8. ARDEN It. MERBHON, Ord»y.
WARREN COUNTY, 080.-Wbereaa, Geo. W.
Dickson applies to me for Letters of Administra
tion on the estate of Stephen T. Harden, late of Warren
county, deceased:
These are, therefore, to cite and admonish, all and sin
gular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased, to be
and appear at my office within the time prescribed by law,
and show cause, if any they have, why said letters should
not be granted.
Given under my hand at office in Warrenton.
ARDEN R. MEUSIION, Ordinary.
Novemberß,l6sß.
TWO MONTH# after date application will be made
to the Court of Ordinary of Warren county, for leave
to sell the LAND and NEGROES belonging to the estate of
Stoddard W. Smith, late of said county, dec’d.
TIIOMAS P. P. THKEEWITB, Adm’r.
Novembers, 1P53.
OGLETHORPE COUNTY, GEO.-Whereas, Mar
garet Dowdy applies to me for Letters of Admlnis
traticr, upon the Estate of John M. Dowdy, deceased—
These are, therefore, to cite, summon and admonish, all
and singular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased,
to be and appear at my office, within the time prescribed
bylaw, to show cause,if any they have, why said Letters
should not be granted.
Given under my hand at office.
November 4,1858. HENRY BRITAIN, Ordinary.
TW'O MONTH# after date application will be made
to the Court of Ordinary of Columbia county for leave
to sell the Interest of Jeremiah Griffin, deceased, to wit:
One half of all the Minerals in or on a tract or land in
said county, the property of Richard Griffin, deceased,
bounded by lands of Leitner and McCorinck, Griffin
Tankerriy and Little River, andcontainfg six hundred and
eighteen acres. PIKKBK GRIFFIN, Ex’trix., Ac,
of Richard Griffin, who was Executor of Jeremiah Griffin.
November 4, 1858.
GUARDIAN’S # A LB.—By permission of the Court
of Ordinary of Richmond county, will be sold on the
first Tuesday in JANUARY next, at the lower market
house in the city of Augusta, within the usual hours of sale,
the following property belonging to William 11. Aughlrey,
a minor. All that lot or parcel of Land, on the now Mil
ledgeville Road in said aounty, about three miles from
Augusta, containing nearly four acres, adjoining lands of
Crump, Savage, Hopkins and others, and known as the
“ Bell,” cr ‘‘Antony ”, place. Terms on the day of sale.
November 5,1858. WM. A. WALTON. Guardian.
ADMINISTRATOR’# SALB.-Will b j sold on the
12th day of DKCEMBEU next, at the residence of the
Jatj Milton Paschal, of Lincoln county, deceased, all the
PERISHABLE PROPERTY belonging to said deceased,
consisting Gs Horses, Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, Corn, Fodder,
Wheat, Oats and Peas, two Roan Wagons, Smith’s Tools,
P antation Tools, Household and Kitchen Furniture, with
ether articles too tedions to mention.
At the same time and place, the Lands belonging to said
deceased, will be rented for the year 1854, consisting of
two Plantations, in good order and well improved.
Terms (f sale—Ail sums of SlO and under,cash; all
above ten, on a credit until the Ist December, 1t54. Pur
chasers will be r*quired to give good persons! security.
The sale will continue from day to day until all is sold.
JEREMIAH PASCHAL, Adm’r.
November 5.1*53.
TWO MONTHS after date application,will be made
to the Court cf Ordinary of Richmond county for
leave to sell the Negroea belonging to the estate of Wm.H.
Buford, deceased.
November 5,1863. WM. A. WA LTON, Adm'r.
Richmond county, OHOBGiA.-whepea»,
Dr, Bamuel B. Clark appllea to me for Letters of Gear
diansbipfor the person and properly of William A. Clark,
minor child (under 1* years of age) of Charles Clark, de
ceastd:
These arethereforeto cite and admonish, all and singu
lar, the kindred and friends of said minors, to be and
appearat my office, within the time prescribed by law to
show eause, if any they have, why said letteryhould not
begranted.
Given under my hand at office In Augusta.
October 14,1863. LEON P. DUGAS, Ordinary.
Richmond county, gkobgia.—whereas,
George W.'Uall applies to me for Letters of Ad
ministration on tho Estate of Mary A. B. Pleroe, late of
said county, deoeased^-
These are, therefore, to rite, summon and admonish, all
and singular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased,
to be and appear at my offlee, within the time prescribed
by law, to show cause, If any they hare, why Bald Letters
should not bo granted.
Given under my hand at oftlce in Augusta.
Novembers, 1888. I.EON P. DUGAS, Ordinary.
IsXKCIil OB’S SALK.—WiII be aold on the first
U Tuesday In JANUARY next, before the Court House
door In Newton, Baker county, lot of Land, No. 112, in the
2nd District of Baker county, adjoining, lands of Cruger,
Stubbs and Tarver. Sold as the property of NlchoU taur
pbey, lale of Richmond county, deceased. Terms on the
day of sale. Any person wanting the above lot of land,
can have the opportunity of purchasing It privalely by
applying to Mtlledgr- Murpliey at Spiers’ Turn Out, Jeffer
son county, or E. T. Murpliey, Augusta, Ga.
MILLEDOK MURPHEY, 1 „ ,
E. T. MURPHEY. r Exrs.
Novembers, 1838. wut
D7ICk7BfHATDII’S I »A'LIL—WiII beaold on the
first Tu sday In JANUARY next, before tTe Court
h us-door, in Oaairttle, Cass county, between the usual,
hours of sale, l ot o' LAND No. 649, 17th Dlst., 8d Sec
ond N . 266,1 th Dist, 8d Pec. Said lands sold as the
property of James Estes, late of Newton oounty, dec’d.
Terms made known os Ihe day of tale.
November 9.1868. ALFRED M RAMSEY, Adm’r,
V DICTION AB Y of Arts, M mufaoturei and Mines—
containing a clear exposition of their principles of
p actice; by Audrew Ure, M. D., in ( vol Parley’s Pre ent
for all Seasons; by 8. G. Goodrich, author of ’’Parley’s
Ta’es,” etc. Appleton’s Modern Atlas of the Earth, with
au alphabe leal Index of the Latitudes and Longitudes or
81 ,000 places. The Juddi ry of all nations, tor 1868. Just
received end for Me by t# MdUflNl* HALL.