Newspaper Page Text
BY WILLIAM 8. JONES.
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL.
y .t*: a-i t£»CS3<»
THE Wlklll
U PakltaM event MTeJneaday
fiT TWO DOLLfiftfi TEH 4S*l»
u advamob.
TO OLCM or IHDIVIIMJAIAseadiaK “■ Ten
I!< -tspiea of the Pop if r.f, HMU w one roar, thaifur
•Uh.n* tb« P»«r «lUi<
Mix CUflKn . ait I'M OOI.I.AIUt,
ir » fro. eopy to All who «.» ««*» " ***
tou forward oh the mowr».
CHRONICLE *• SENTINEL
tl£H>V ,\M» TBI-WBBHLY.
Are Alto paafitfifc tlo. o ’ -A. mod Mod to .aimrlher.
Uthefofn'- >,itt«, o»ra«e:
Oiari’.reA.il-iontbr'naA.. *T*eranß«W.
Car-W on-v Pares • *
tf.hh) *r i#fniisi*L
,j Wakiat.— SoTonty-ttrc seats oof eonereflO llnet or
~ lorihe Bret loMrtloo. aud flftTfeoU lor est* eobeo
l«ent inwsrtkm.
WOODLAND FEMALE SEMINARY,
CKDAIi TOWN, OA.
rpHB Hpnag 8r tlor ' t thlr loe’Jtatlon, for IHM. »ll
I "Jr ,«..THb=*l *««■*»» •" JABOAfcT. A! tb.
bran hi« or. Oo le,ec arte, Are taught by a Boar-1 of t-m
r! -.t T.- •• hv»- m-nlly <*•»»-• cli d «•*- <! * ch, '*™"!E"
c, h T<- o 'ltr hAT.ng not raw- than Wva-y pu|.U«. Tl«
i-o- lloird, »r.>l Tu turn *n the Literary Or
p.,rtm. r.l, »ir, .-><) lor Mn»l<, f« ycr »ni."iro. Tor a
r * ul im T*. WOOD, Principal.
PLNFIELD FEMALX tUUHINAEY.
-«MIK Kr ri i-i wf t li In-’. ißlttn will be KKamo-lou
I WBONKSDAV, l«t KebrOATW. '‘W. under tSe Wtoer
,r it f. A* . try, Mi-« breniu. s»u>:> and Ml •* 1
Msry eIT rt w.ll he tuaOeuv tb He eouuifle i
w'h tb e loAtitiitloh, to secure t **cu pupil a thorough
.übettnMtl rilrioatioc. For im more locceisftil »e
--e .oip iel.nsnt of Hue a reran* course oj >tu >7
be - ! al .-mltre-tle* in ad-I.do« to 111. - em-etary
Ki .d. . t- higher I,ranches of btatheniHiiee. the Mental
Hw l 4f.d l.ellu Langeegt. . ~
Tie- statical and Ornamental Hratwnee will receive the
a'fnUon f tho e whose i.aat eflorj nave nrovrn them
r ~n„. eat aodt i ceMl.iUnttmr.ton. wrca'l attenfon,
th - Vr. to this Instit'tlion. whiob. l»m tne oompreAtii
tip. „ ■..» lie ,-trre of elude—fro* uie nnxtc tenet- of tta
t .., ... and fr.m Its plaseant ana retired location, it
ford superior a Ivar.tage* for Foma* Kdoeation.
Per further particulars address *. T. ASBuni,
nYe.wtKl rwfielt.tt*
WILLIAM H. ITJTT.
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRUGGIST.
A DaUUTA, A. I
TM NOW ItKI HIVI.VtJ a verv/sree and
I sto-k nf DRUG’. MKKIOIMM.
PERI"; .IK, tv, BRUSHES. DVK MWFkS. an«l PANOV
AUTIULK.I, which tie has seleciaa. to uerson. with the
ireat-*’ »r.-, fron the largest ImixirUTi and Manufacto
rl .in ttit.ii'iuntry,andwmch.lorOtthtvand cheapness
eannotneeie llPd. He wottH reswetlollv Invite the at
tanltoo of Msrohants, Planter, ana Fhvilciaus to hi.
,t Tllnnier. *lll lie executed with the utmost neatness
andde.pat.il. .aT-dR.P
PLOW,!! PLOWS! PLOWS!
rinllK Southern 8 ate., which have
leo lond iwnded no P.tt .bur* -QdTm
and Cincinnati lor a»n,M'ls of
Waif in. and oth ’r Panning Iraplo
meets cm M|:lall they want, at the agrD.ULIU
RALMkNUFvUCORY, on M.rkatßt, Naihvllte, Tenu.
W- would cail tin atlentiou ol the elan'ers and Mar
ch inti iiirttoularly to our terj large itoelt of HOWS, con
ullting of u great many of the axiat approved kind' now in
no *l. I»l aa low price* a. therein he brought hero fr mi
other town, ’.t theeime plam may be found ill kind*of
WAGONS, Railroad 0 litrs, WHEEL-BARROWS, Rili
ro.nl PLOWS, CULTIVATORS and HARROWS. Those
wishing Pi ivm * -lit, can order them from me,or from moil
oftlia principal dealer.ln <udi article, lu Nashulie, ■.
they keen them of our manufacture, ari l at the .ame
pri'ec. (it:URGE C. ALLEN, Pre.idoot
Acrhultuful Manufnntui lug Co., Lower Ma'ktt it,
~.i w e. Nashville. T-ron.
FttENUH UOHU MILL STONE MANUFACTORY,
OORNI.It BROAD AND CUMMING-STREKTS,
Apouhta. <»a.
Ri ll■iOlllßl.il tiikri tme occailon to Inlhrra
1 Ills n iiuiirim. fri iud. and tne unptic generally, ‘hat
he his omneoced the above ouames* under the roost fa
forultle auspice*, having engaged Old leryice. of an ex
perteuce.d and liighlv quail (I ed worxman. and datters him
Belt rhtt Ids work will compare wuo anv otner manufac
turer in the Unite,l states. lie aim sen to apprise the
discriminating public, that all oraert with which he may
be favored, Ihall have his person*! attention, prompt exe
atlon and ie,patch. A share of nuouenatronage la re
ipeclfully * illoiied, PATRICK MoOIJK. Proprietor
•epll-wly ______________
A TEACHES WANTED
AT ‘ VIM*MA(», Columbia County Academy, wlmcan
come well recommended. A Gent'cman with a faiul
ly, whose Wife wdl take charge of the Female Department
would lie preferred, Acm foldable House, with a Garden
Attardied,and Pile wood, willbe fttmirlmd. Address
NATII'L lIALEY,
„22 nil President of the Board.
WANTING
AT the Newton Factory, Oa.. a 8 Stoner and a W aver;
gentlemen ol good moral character, and that under
■tends tii.ii bualnc.., none other nseo uunur. Addn is
r.k-wtf JOHN WKlitl. W sir tori Factory, Ca.
HANAWAY~~
IjMIOM the subscriber,in Oahburg, Wllkrscoun...
s ty, in or cmilt the fifth day of October last, ajw
NEGuo MAN, »5 or4oyears old, about fifed 9 or'A
10 In li w high, supposed to weigh frooi lfiu to IfnaVr
until; dark complexion, slow spoken—rather a dnwu
ok when spoken to; ins namei i Scuhosu. Said boy lias
a wife lu Oolumbus, Ua , and it Is rather sjppo.e l that
ho will try In make h.a way to that place. A reward ol
Twenty Dollars will bo paid to any person for bis delivery
tom-, or If lodged In some safe Jail, so 1 can get him.
W. B. NORMAN.
0!T The Columbus Enquirer will give the above two
insertions, and forward their account to this office.
nltttr a
ULF.NDINNING ft CO’S
\f lltlil.lt IVUlllik, Broad street, Augusta,Georgls
Where we have on hand and will continue to keep e
Urge stock of both Italian and American Marble, foi
Mon intents,Toombs, Head Stones, Ac., to which we res
], trolly call the attention of those wanting work in our
ine. We arc now prepared to fill all orders at short no
lle,, in as giM.il stylo and as low os work of thesame.qaalltj
an he furnished for from unvcUahllshment in theUnitek
flutes Pi.nn and prices willbe senlthose whocannotca
and oitumne for themselves.
P.B.—Ordcrsfromthecountry executed with neatnes
nd despatch. 'l'll
OSAGE ORANGE PLANTS FOB HEDGING J
rpstt; St Uet'IUHKII will offer lor sale, during (h« ,
i Pair of the “ttouthern Contra! Agricultural Society,’" .
TWUNTY KI V K TIIOUHAN l> 03AGK ORANGE PLANTS, '
of from our to twoyears’ growth, suitable for telling out (
tin)coming Kill!. They may be set one foot apart in th* ,
hedgerow, anil will nuke on Irapon-lrable and permanent ,
hedge, with proper earo, In Bor 4 years. Pamphlets, de ,
rerlhlng the tneUiiid es trimming and training the plants, ,
lurnUlied to all purchasers. Those desirous of engaging ,
supply in advance, will oddness It.RKDMONU, f
81-ts Augusta, Ga. ,
PLAN OF THE CITY OF AUGUSTA. \
»PHU II.YDKIImIijYKI) hat) baeaior some time, aud it
Jl now, * nga/fd in maklug a SUKVSY' and PI.AN OF
THE CITY lor the Oily Council. Th® fc*ian will occupy a
ibt«t ofabooi throe by Are rent. aAd IT.* drawing will be
uvj l.* to t wale ofono hundred feet tc lalfar. Inch. All thr
p «*?» t i»noi ivementa will be appronrronlY designated, aud
R Rf'OKiirKUol the nam.-a of tru* owner* or Real Estate
frt'l ROi'oflip-iny the Flan. It will coamm a brief d acrip- o
l.'omdf tlidiinpr-ivemeutsonoaohloi ami tadr assessed ti
rain#. Residua tlu usual designation oi iota b? numbers, c
the will, a* far hr pracMcalde. snow tneir dimensions
II a sail-, lent number of sunwrioers is obtained, the C
Plan and lUglater will bo printed ana UoUrered to them n
ebon* tt- first of Jauuary nest. The txact cost of pub- p
,leh! ”g h*> not been mcertalniHl. It has mwn calculated,
aowcr .r, that with one hundred and fifty subscribers it
can be handsom* Iv dcruo, and that tat# can oe supplied
*l‘.h c |*los colored, varnished and mounted on rollers, as
ojtml at from 6ighi to tort dollars earn:.
In a <hort time the olrlacns will bo tarnished with an op*
portunUv of Hubecrlblng for the won, asiwclinen of which j
will lh: nbe exhibited. The nutnocr n teoles oubUshed t
trill be limited to the subscription h»»
Jyld tUmawiJ in WILLIAM PHILLIPS. C. K j
CHOICE FAMILY MEDICINES. \
i'tffHirtd by J. DES SIS. if. U,% AuousUi* Get. i
pi KURdIA FARB UMHIbIX For Diseases of the
UT Ltv ranl to Purify thi B’ot.l. This ia the purest 1
uut best preparation of Sarsuosrilto now in use. I'he l
Dip; .m i ; f the South Ctroliaa I minute and the State
Fell* of dcorgia have been awariwi tuts Prcpsration.
Price, $1 per Mottl —Six Bottles for BA.
VNTI-BIUJOUS PI .LS. A Mild, bale and Lffoctual Pur
gative, without dangerous conscuaonccs rollowlav their
use. Pnce *JS cents per Bo*. t
jU’ItINOKNT T» 'MO. For Bowel Oomtilelnta* such as (
Diarriu® '~ P iln in the Stomach. unpin* of the Dowels, «
do. Price ft per Bottle.
■TIMULALINO BITTERS. For ItaiHoata, Colds, and ,
Female Complaints arising irons Colds. Price Si per t
<
COUGH SYRUP. For Coughs arfstna immediately from a
dis. used Condition of the Luwrs or Bronchial Tubes ,
Pm* s'and So cents per bottl*.
UR.\LI'G SALVtc. A ustful and tavatuable article t* ,
ctuae Fresh Wound* aud other nor#* to heal. Priced
c n|* per uox.
imtaurniu UNiMKNT. For Rheumatic Tains, In
damnatory Svre bngs, Sprains. Kweited Breasts. Sore
Thr vi , I'o‘oUi Ache, Ac. Price Sb emits ner bottle. (
ANTI ?PASd«»l)l 11S0TUKK. r.w all buddeu and
Daagera ;s Attacks f Disease*. in widen immediate action
Uni M'ssufy,smha« Pi.sor OouvmsHms. apoplexy, Lock
Jaw, Ora p C lie, Pncumoota. Mj. For external use,
in Fre?diCuis, Bruises, Bit.'of Jvusees. Aing o* Bees ot
Bite o Pols au» Instcts, it will ermluy relieve the sue |
aeti». It prodacesiUeff*ets by eauMionr t! e cm’ula’km
o'the bl od, and by relieving loUt-n *
For tIORS&l, this Tlnetai e to a .*"ttra remeuv in Colic, a*
w *ll as a v ilusMe ariielc to cause #re?h wounds and
other sorea to heal. Price, f l nor tfottie.
Oof 15
... —:• - ■ I
to corroN planteeb.
IJ \ VIX4 secured the lenders of Mr. OT. OGLESBY |
il as ihe superintendent,togctlier wttnother experienced 1
mechanics, I have a larva COTTON GIN FAC*
TORY, at the Shoals of Ogeechee. eta., where I am pre
pared to make and furnish the Planter with the bout arti
cle la the way of a COTTON GUt cow oroducod in thU 1
country. (
Mr. OaLKSßrVtime.dcvot.d exdOßtvelvtn the shop, and
sect i£ to tl’.e putting up of everv tola nnucr his soectal di '
raetton, and attaching all the iniDroTwmeats which he (Mr. '
Oolbsbt,) has gotten up within me last two years, lam
•atisfled 1 cm supersede any made bfretofore.iaqnantity,
quality aud durability.
AU old Oius, (when sent to the »ncu.) will be repaired,
and all: he improvemento attached If desired, at a reaaon
bto charge.
The new Or. ns will be delivered at the Planters'nearest
depot, or at ibeir residence if desired, tree of charge. 1
Prompt attention paid to all communications addressed
to me at the above office.
TOO MAS J. CUKKLY,
SKOAL- OF OOKKCHKE. GA., 1
skOB b, 1S&8. f
ro VY old ravaoKS aid raiauna.
As there has been some comnUintci my Gins, made du
ring the last two years: an exrtinaura to rou In relation
to this matter is due Mr. Chkkl.
1 have boon absent a great uorttoa ot this time, on a
visit t > the North, experimenting an<i getting up a new
Gin, Mi *ll as improving, the original Saw Gin. together
with suitable machinery for this ouaneas. to ttt higheet
perfection, ss will be acknowledged b» sll who have used
them, both in durability and quallte efOotton.
I shall now devote my individual attention in the shop,
and see that every part of each Gin O nut ud in the neat
ait possible manner: in short. I stiadl make the
ctyictfAy Gin, which has been so ceieorated for *** durabil
ity and due Cotton, having taken tne rremmm in this State
as well as that of Booth Carolina tn everv matanre escept
one, and then U was said by foreign neater# that my Cot
ton was of a superior quality. In conclusion, my late im
provements added to my former tomt. cannot fail to give
entire sattfaction. I will alter anv oKt Gin met too much
worn) to do better work than It ever md before.
Tours, meet respectfully. «. T. OGLKBBY.
mart
CARRIAG
WK H AYS ON HAND, and are receiving a good
assortment of CARRIAGES; ROCK A WAYS; BA
BOCOt£S; BCGGIM, and LUht CARRYALLS. Aleo,
Back and Road WaGONS. towetner wttn an assortment of
BARN ESS, BUGGY; t’MBKtLLAB: WfllPg; TRUNKS;
OARPKT BAGS; VALICES. CHILDRENS' CABS and
W AGONS; CARRIAGE BOLTB. uvvne naegage or single
one; alt of which will be sold on reasonable terms, at the
Stare formerly occupied by the late 11. H. Hoadlst.
REPAIRING done at short notve.
.4utnu»kn» April T, ISM. WYMAN A DARROW.
atwS-wly '
rilX MONTGOMERY MANTTFACrrURDIG COM
PANY’S IRON works.
MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA.
if kNVFACTIRB, in suocnor style. and
M Upright STEAM ENGINES, ot all sue*; Steam
BOILERS { LOCOMOTITKS: Cast Iron WATERWHEELS;
Sugar MILLS ; Saw and Grist Mill IKONS, of every varie
y, (including Hoxie’tcontinuous feel for Saw Mills;) Rn
gine and Band LATKKS; Iron aadttraMCAßTlNGß.or all
kinds, Ac., Ac.
All ordeci Ailed with despamo.
apta toINDRAT A CO.
N A!!>♦.—4oo kegs NIIUL assmtedMaes, for salt to
nl9 dAw BAKER A WILCOX.
C' OAt,COAI *ooton.■(, MMUtoOr
Ml* br «W JOHN a CARMICHAEL.
Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel.
FOR SALE.
LAHD3 FOR S4LE
j r PUH subscriber < ffer* for * valuable tr»ct of LAND
X ocpuioiag MO aorrt, cf mhfft 140 ac ret are row
clearw.j and in a good state for cultivauob. Saul Lar.di
•re civiated oo Coosa Elver, ia Cherokee count/, Ala.,ft*
mil** I - low Rome 1C acres |>ine Rinr Lac 1 «« 1 wa*
ter«f aaii beao'ifull/ eitua'ed, acd well aUapted to cul
ture of Coro, Cotton, and Wheat. Anr perron witrlnrto
purchase, woo ddo we'l to caJf and examine cuj Lan is;
•ti*S if ti*e/ woo id desire more land, ther can be procured
adjoining lands to my t;act—all of which can be had on
reason&bie terms,for caah. WILLIAM HARN AI D,
ri-wiP Cherokee co., Ala.
Ul7 ACHES BURKE LAND FOR BALE.
I HOW UFfHlt ray PLANTATION for Dale, lying In
Bark Camp DUtrxi, Burke ountj, b miles from the
Dinner Moose, Central U&urcvJ, and 6 ml es from iUrk
Camp Church. There are from 450 to TOO acres under
feoce, the balance ia woods. These are thorough'y
drained by cliches, and are very productive for Cot t .n,
C'/rn, Ac. The ixaprove raentrf cons st <J a comfortable
Dwelling House, with the necessary gut buildings about
the yard; Gin-Uoxue and £crew; anew Ilonse Hub)~
(framed) 60 by 4<J feet; Cribs, 4c ; framed Negro Douses,
completed last fall; a g<»o<l Weil of water. If d Aired, will
•ell the Din and a splendid lot of ca-t running gear. Terms
liberal to suit purchaser— If desired, from I,*, 3 or more
yean* Possession given in January. Any person, wish
ing to examine the Plantation, will please call on Mr.
Kersey, on the premises, who will take pleasure in doing
•o.
If not sold at private stle,i will offer it to the highest
bidder at Wiiyneabcro', Burke county, on the first Tu.- day
.n JANUARY next. R. J MORRISON,
OM-wtj lierselia Oa,
VALUABLE LARDS IS COLUMBIA COURT Y FOR
BALK.
|>L'HMLANT to an order in Chancery, in ibe case of
A Aug jit* A. Goctchias andothers, vs. Rycear V, Uoet
chios, 1 rusue,4c , the uudersgnei offer, at private sale,
'.he foliowrag LANDB on Uchee Creek, in Columbia county,
lately owned by Charles T. Beaile, deceased;
All that Truer, ia maH county, known as “ LowaviJle,*'
containing 49*1 acre/, more or 1 :ai, and adjoining lands of
J» >se Walton and Turner Clantcc
—ALSO—
Ail that other Tra t, in said County, known as the “Hume
i'.ace/'fronuining 860 acres, moie or less, now divided into
two parts of 4)0 acres each, and bounded by lands of
WifiUiD, Crawford, himons, and Ramaay.
If not disposed of at private sale, before Thursday, the
.Olh 1 ay o* DEL LMBfcK next, taid lands will then be offered
at public outcry, on the premises, known as the “Horae
Place.” —ALSO—
At the same time and place, will be sold, in lots to sust
purchasers, all the perishable property, Stock, Horses,
Mules, Farming Implements, Ac., on the premises.
F»,r Terms, apply to either of the under, igned, at Au
gusta, Oa. WM. A. WALTON, Trustee.
n 4 THOS. W. MILLLK, Agent.
0T Constit .Uonalist copy weekly till day.
LAND FOR SALE
-lAHK HLUBURIIfIiIt « ffers for sale Five Hundred
. Acres of Oak and Hickory LAND, situated directly on
tne Augusstaand Waynesboro Kail Road, one mile from
the latter place, two hundred and fifty acres of which are
cleared and under fence, the bdance titabereu land ; era*
bracing every variety known to that section of country,
with a fic&:i creek running the whole width of the tract
tnat never fails in the driest season. There is also upon
thU stream souse of the finest meadow land in this State.
Those wishing such a place would do waH to cad on the
subscriber at an early period, as he will sell at a very
reasonable price. Residence two milee from Waynesboro.
oIR wßm JA.MK.-i W. JUNKS.
VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR BALE.
gg* to remove from g/k
31 this part of the State, offers for sale, bis present
.whoiDJSMJK, nine ffiileairom Augusta, near the Savannah
Road. Tiie Dwelling House is good, and attached to it are
aliout'buiidings necessary, not only lor a Dwelling, but also
(ora small Farm. There are about two hundredand forty
acres of LAND belonging to the place, of which one hun
dred are inclosed and under cultivation. The Land is ol
<(•0*1 quality, and adjoins the Lands of M«d. George L.
L'wiggs,an<ißobt. A. Allen, Kaq., and is about one mile
from the Augusta 4 Waynesboro’ Railroad.
—ALSO,—
Two hundred and sixteen acres of first quality River
LAND in Reach Island, 8. C-,opposite to New Bavannah,
and adjoining Lands of Twiggs and Mason. This Laud is
now incaltivofiou,and baton it all necessary buildings.
—ALSO,—
Three thousand acres of LAND in Barnwell District, 8
o.,eight miles from Aiken. The Charleston and Hamburg
Railroad runs through the Laud; and upon it, and one
mile from the road is a good Grist and .Saw MILL, now in
■pcratioD,and near the Mills a comfortable Dwelling Uonse
-nd ail necessary out buildings. This tract will be sold
ntire.or in parcels to suit applicants.
Applications in ay be mndc to the subscriber at his resi
due in Richmond county,or to hlsson at the Mills in Burn
yell. WM. J. MIMB.
muilß-wlf
LA .n It Hill VLb.—The subscriber offers tor MCM
Bale Mill Acres ol LAND, lying veil, lUO of which *V*
-re oleareJ and inclosed. It is in the 18th District aou a.,
lection, and divided by the lately established line between
.he counties of Gordon and Murray, and within 2% roller
of the Western and Atlantic Rail Road. A spring of good
water near the dwelling house. A number of lots can be
ntded on reasonable terms, forming a large settlement
Forother particulars, apply to the subscriber at Rome,
iJa. jaßo-Wt! J. 0. MoDANIKL.
roßßAii.'
AI. VItUH and convenient BRICK STORK, situated
in the centre of business, In the city of Rome, now
occupied by Robt Batty, Druggist. This store was fitted
up as a Drug Store, without regard to any reasonableex
pense, aud with a little alteration could be converted into
an elegantly arranged Dry floodsfltore. Thesltuation for
Iheaale of Drugs, Dry Goods, or Groceries can hardly be
equalled in the city. Terms easy. Apply to
GRORGE BATTY, M.D.
Rome, April 4th, 18.18. aprfi-tf
LANDS AND KILLS FOB SALE.
rpHK BLBHOIUBKIt, being determined to sM|
A move to the West, offers for sale, his vsleable w l~
and well improved PLANTATION, lying along tho Chat
tahoochee river, in Troup county, Ga. This plantation
contains about l leven Hundred Acres, nearly one-hair of
which isina fine state of cultivation ; the remainder belog
well timbered woodland. Its productiveness is not excell
ed in this section of the country. On the tract Is an ex
cellent set of Mills both for wlieat and corn; the mills are
•‘New,” built within the last twelve months, now getting a
good run ol custom. I willselUhe Land and the Mills to
gether or separately. I have no hesitation in Buying that
this settlement is quite as desirable as any now offered for
•ale in this region. Theplaec Is healthy.
Any person, wishing to purchase such propirty, would
do well to call and examine for himself, as great induce
ments will be offered to purchasers.
oill wtJal JOEL M. OHIVRRB.
VALUABLE BIVEB LANDS FOB SALE.
VV V PL.WTINIi interest being too large, 1
Ivl for sale a portion of my Hava*, nah River PLAN-JJJ
i ATION. This place is too well known to require descrip
tion, aud persons wishing to purchase would do well to
look at it, as I know it would satisfy any one who is a judge
of good Land* Terms made easy. tVM.J. KVK.
oQb-Wal
FOR BALE.
A PLANTATION, containing 840 acres of choice Land,
in Talladega county, 14 miles south of the Court
UiUßtt. This place is decidedly healthy, is very fertile,
and is adapted to Cotton, Corn ,and small grain. It abounds
with springs of the finest water, has a Creek running
through its whole length, and is the finest range forstock,
that the advertiser has ever seen. It is situated on the
road leading from North Alabama and Georgia to Mont
gomery,and should a Railroad from Montgomery connect
with the KuilroaU that is now in progress of construction,
it must ruu through this place, as it is only two miles from
the mountain gap. There is Iron Ore of the best quality
on it, abundance of Wood, and a mountain stream of Wa
ter for Iron Works. Gold has been found on the place,
also. There are about 280 acres cleared, all under good
fence —barns, corn cribs,stables, Ac., all new. 1 will sell it
far below Its value, as lam upwards of 80 year 6 of age,
and have no family, but blacks. Any farther information
may be had by addressing a letter, pre-paid, to tho sub
scriber, “Colita P. 0., Talladega county, Alabama."
ALEXANDER MoCAINE.
N. B.—Titles good, and payments made easy.
Junel4-wtJayl _
~~ LAND FOB &AL2?
pilli BUBBCRIHKB offers for sale, 1400 acres of
JL LAND in Hancock. This Land lies well; has plenty
of timber; is under good fence, and has fair Improve
ments. Persons wishing to buy Lands, are invited to
come and look at it.
Also, 1400 acres in Carroll county, which lies upon the
Ohattahoochoe River, and embraces th*) Mclntosh Re
serve. Jlobt. H. Springer will show this, place to any
person who may wish to buy. ELI H. BAXTER.
Mount Zion, Ga., June 8,1858. je!2-wtf
COLUMBIA LANDS FOE SALS. *
IK accordance with the will of Samuel Haws, late of
Richmond county, deceased, the LANDS in Columbia
county belonging to his estate are oflhred for sale, 9 miles
from Augusta. Lands known as the old Haws place, on
the Washington road, aud th# farm known as the Roberts
place, on the Fury Terry road, on which the said Samuel
liaws resided, containing in all about 800 acres, which
wi 1 be sold on liberal tern s, and on time, to an approved
purchaser. Will be sold in u body or divided, and in such
oarcela at purchasers may wish. If not sold before the
Jrst of January next, will be rented for the next year.
For further particulars apply to Mr. El ward Haws, on the
premises, or to LEON P. DUGAS, Augusta,
Executor of the will of Samuel Haws, dec’d.
nll*wtJal
4,000 AURXS~I r INE~ LASFFOR SALE. ~
rHK Hl BSCRIBUIi offers aUrg * Tract of well tim
bered PINE LAND for sale, Edgefield Dis
trict, 8. 0., and situated in the immediate vicinity o<
Graniteville, a flourishing manufacturing town, and the
Bouth Carolina Railroad running through the entire length
of the whole Tract. There is on the premise* an excellent
set of Saw Mills, running two upright Saws, driven by a
never failing stream of water, also a Mill for grinding
Corn attached; together with several handsome Cottages
«»n th? premises, all of which are in good repair. The
water power is su heitnt to drive machinery for an exteu
dve Factory , and affords all necessary facilities for rafting
Lumber for the Augusta or Savannah markets; and the
Railroad passing within two hundred yards of the Mills,
iffords transportation to the Charleston market also.
A portion of the Land is well adapted to the culture of
Grain, and offers, under all the advantages, a strong in
ducement for & profitable investment.
To an approved purchaser, the terms will be made easy,
tnd for further particulars, apply to B. 8. DUNItAR, or
he subscriber, at this place. ROBT. G. LAMAR.
Hamburg, S. C., Sept. 15,1858. seplC-tf
W The Charleston Courier will please copy tri weekly
for three weeks, and forward bill to B. S. Dunbar.
TO MERCHANTS
UK l .\UKH6IUYhU offers lor sale the comxodi
out and recently fitted up STORE HOUSE In the
town of Lexington, Oglethorpe county, lately in the occu
pancy of Messrs. Arnold A Dansby; and capable of show
ing to advantage a stock of Goodaof the value of from 10
to2o,o€odollars. In the rich and populous county of
Oglethorpe, there are, at the county seat now, but two
store*. There is necessarily a fine opening, and a better
•pportunity than Is often afforded to business men once in
aiife-time. Over the Grocery portion of the store-room,
ia a large Concert Hall, 50 by 24 fret, together with a hall
of entrance and two office*, or bei-rooms, of ample dimen
sions. Attached to the building is a hair acre LOT, more
or lees. Now it the time; and purchasers willfind it their
interest to take hold at once. lam fully authorised to d:s
poee of this property privately, under the will of my late
husband, \Ym. 8. Arnold; and, if notao sold, will be offered
at public sale on the first Tuesday in JANUARY next.
—ALSO—
A likely young Negro WOMAN, 22 or 28 years old, a
good Cook, Washer and House Servant The property
can be examined, and the terms known at any time, by
calling upon Mr. James Arnold, or
NANCY C. ARNOLD, Kxtiriz.
Lexington, Ga., Nov. 1,1833. n 4
VALUABLE LAND FOE SALE
TRUSTEfc’is SALK.—By virtue of an order granted
by the honorable Superior Court of Oglethorpe coun
ty at the October Term, lbsß, of said Court, will be sold at
public out cry, before the Court house door in the town of
Lexington, in said county, within the legs hoars of sale,
on the first Tuesday in JANUARY next, the following
tract of LAND, belonging to the Trust estate of Elixa 8.
Hanson ajd her children, to wit: A tract of Land in said
county, on the waters of Big Creck,coataimng Seven Hun
and Acre*, more n Jew. adjoining lands of William Ed
.MMiWriuin'Wood,on Daniel, William Holmes,
and shell on OIL er. B'id tract of Land containing a good
?, nd i ‘ >w ’K rouDd *. With comfortable
out-houses: good Gin
house «BdP»cking-Bcrew, aud lying immedi»te)r on the
R* lrc*4, tud one ntilefrom th« LelinitTSeS*.
muupTS
baker COUNTY land.
rlB SI BMIvIBKK offers for islesz.soo Acres first
quality Oft Uictory sad Pin.
ty; a»««*h‘Thsr.«ve™ilun>rcvM *nd psrtUUy im .
pro red PLANTATIONS, of 720 to SJHXI Acres each
These Land* have been teleetM win great c » rt .
ompnse «o»e of the moat valuaMa Cotton hsnde ii the
ou thern State..
U desired, a credit of 1. Sand a be ftvcs.wiUi
nverest added. W CHEEVKK
Albany, Ga , AngustSO. 18SS.
sou .awddtwAwtr
STOP THK YILUAH :
ESCAPED, from Chamber* county, Ala., a few Weeks
since, CHAKI.CB JKFFEBSCN JOSES, for the at
tempt of Rape. Said Jones is about 21 you* old, dark
hai-, clubfooud tn both feet. I will reward liberally any
person for information or him. When last heard of, he
was in Georgia above Columbus. tH. BOATMAN,
Dte-wSt Koogh aud Ready P- A'a^
WANTED.
ASIITATIOX by a TANNER, who prohMCi tihare
a thorough knowledge ot his bu'tneat—would take an
interest in s Tannrry or work as a journeyman. Good
reference given as to qualification and habits. Would pre
fevs situation In Burke or Colombia county Address
J. a. Appling Columbia oounty, until Chrtauras, then
at Augusta. nS4-w4t«
FRANCK 8 SPECIFIC.
nvAiD wv
ROBERT 7RANOK. M. D„
I* » cwtaln, speedy and permanent ear. ter PERTAIN
DISEASES. It Is eald by WM. H. TtJTT,
mart > pate Agent, Augasta.
WEEKLY
CHOU i SENTINEL
LIVE WHILE YOU LIVE.
BT MAHT OsBOKSE.
M Lif« o=ly avails, not the having lived.”—Ever*?*.
Live while you live! Be no cowardly creeper,
Bobtniisive'y doing the wLI of dark fern ;
No garrulous whiner—no im r »ec le we* per ;
No indo ent, ignorant time-trAlin / sleeper.
Oh, live ! fife bath me .niugs yet higher and deeper.
Live while you live; wa k abreast with the years.
Live while y u ive! Be no slave to the hours,
O’er masle’ed and basil d by each passing ill;
Fetal tresj gather strength from the storm—and the
flowers
Fresfi fragrance and beauty, new life from dark showers.
Oh, live! and these time ills shall yield thee new powers ;
Oh, live! aod the hours shall acknowledge thy will.
Live while you live! Let no error or failing,
No want o- condition t‘ ypurposes sway;
can never be t .ale by self-raDiog,
Nor w*nt or obstructions removed by b-.wal log;
Regrets and reraor* sre alike una/a ling,
lave while you live! work while it ts <iajr.
Live while joulive! Tfie great of ail natbof
Have lived— held their souls mid sorrow and strife,
Heuce their transparent as Heaven’.- revelations.
Hence their power,’mid the pressure if earth's domina
t ons ;
Hence their vast bene Actions—their grand exhalaUons.
Oh, live; ' rue euocers has its source in true life.
Live while you live! Life like a vibration,
Travels on past the bounds of th* eye and the ear.
Far on in the distance, where fails observation,
It wakes in despairing hearts high aspiration;
Gives strength to tried souls in the hour of temptation.
Oh, live ? life is power in every sphere.
Live while you live! The present is flying,
And the ta e of to-morrow hath yet to be told ;
Do nobiy the work that aroun-f thee islyin/,
fipeak toe truth of thy soul without xeakty comprising;
Be brave, true aud earnest, all f»be faiths denying
Ob, live! wait the coming of no age of gold.
Live whil*you live! The great faiths which are ringing,
Through lone souls suggesting unwearying strife;
The visions prophetic Beer Poets are singing,
The a tion-voiced prayers which from herd hands are
winging,
The bo[ ts of the f .ture the present is bringing,
Fulfilment cad find alone in true life.
Front thi Louisville Journal.
AWAY, AWAY WITH TIIE BRIDAL VEIL.
BT MAKY A. KLK>'W.
Away, away with the bridal veil,
And the orange garland fair,
For thes'oooth young brow is cold and pale
That we destined these to wear.
And the slender form is still aud low,
Which we thought should be this night
Arrayed in those robes of spotless snow,
And decked with these jewels bright.
We’ll wrap her form in the windiDg sheet,
Aud a rose bud white shall rest
(Os her own pure life an emblem sweet)
On her cold and pulseless breast.
Her sunny leeks we will leave as tree
As they were in bygone days,
When she tossed them back in girlish glee
From her fair and smiling face.
Oh, then away with the bridal veil
And the orange garland fair,
For the smooth young brow is cold and pale
That we dcstiued these to near.
And the crimson lip arm the eye of blue
‘ No longer of love may speak,
Anfl gone is the t rembling, wild rose hue
That played on her pearly cheek.
The angel bands in the world above
Have we'comed a sister home,
And bright is she in that la id of love
Where the ills of earth ne’er come.
Away, away with the flashing gems
And the bridal robe of white,
For her brow is giri with a diadem,
And her r >bes are like the light.
But there is one who will see her rest
In her silent fctauty there,
With speechk-gt woe in his aching breast,
And a look of mute despair.
He will come with a joyful h art to claim
Ilia lovely ari t youthful bride;
lle will go again, but not as he came
With a soul of joy and pride.
He will go with a weary, weary heart
To mourn for the treasure fled,
To bear i his breast grief’s poisoned dart,
And wish that hi too were dead,
Qhloy, for the young bride, pure and bright,
with the angel legions blest,
But woe for him ou whose soul the blight
Os amourner’sgrierdoth rest.
Gallipoli*, 0., Aug., 1>53.
A'sut Orhant J'ieayunt, Zilinrt.
The Great Match Race.
The success of Sally Waters last, spring in the
sweepstakes over tho Metairie Cour.-o two miles
heats, in which she beat Airow after a struggle of
tliroo heats, was tho main cause of yesterday’s race.
It may be said with-truth that the result of that
race engendered u bitter racing animosity, which
gave full vent to itself wheu tho “high contracting
purlies mot in Kentucky lust Spring. The “great
stato stake” to be run hare next Spring, (which wil|
doubtless bring together the hnesi held of horses
that ever met anywhere) superinduced eacii party
in tho stake to possess himself of the best race
horse that could be found. The Alabama party,
(already in the stake) from the repeated success of
their favorite, fully believed they already held pos
session of tbo finest jewel of crown in the Sally
Waters, aud were comparatively content to rest
upon their well earned laurels, or if necessity re
quired it, to “fight their battles o’er." Sully stood
idle chumpiou of Alabama. Mot so those whom
sho had vanquished. Intent upon tiie sutne high
position which Alabama might have properly been
beliovod to occupy. Those who represented the
other sfntes, were in search of f lie fleetest of the
fleet, tho strongest of the strong, to deride her
claim to supremacy, and when tho purchase of
Lexington was effected, the parries met, and yes
terday’s a match was but tho beginning of the end.
Tho controversies which, during the sntnmor, ap
peared iu tho New York Spirit of the Times, giv
mg vigor and vitality to that department of that
journal, added fuel to tho flame, aud tbo merim of
every hire, dam, colt and filly, from tho celebrated
ride "into Jerusalem down to the Godoifin Arabian,
and oven to tho present i.oment, have been fairly
and unfairly discussod. Yestorday tho mountain
labored and the mouso appeared. _
The race was made at odds, $5,000 to $8,500,
throe milOjhcnts—tho Bally Waters party betting the
larger amount. Sally maintained aud even increas
ed her position in tho betting up to the last mo
ment, Lexington’s friends either waitingfor longer
odds or sears ul that tiro olimate might have affected
their favorite. Tho betting elosod at 2tol on
Upon stripping, the fine form of Sally, and the
apparent excellence of her condition challenged
the admiration of all. To our mind, Bhe was a
shade too high, and wo so remarked to others. ,
Lexington's appesJ-ance, as he walked past the j
stand, was by no means attractive, and ho violates ,
ail the rules laid down by horsemen in the pur
chase of a hoise—“ four white legs deny is .
the old maxim—and in addition to that eyo-soro,
he liaß glassy or “wall ; ’ eyes, and Is -‘u blazed faced
young rip,” but when stripped, his form did cer
tainly command admiration, ilia style of going I
is tho poetry of motion, and tho horse, that out- <
runs him in a sticky, heavy track, like that ot yes- *
to day, must boa sort of steam engino in disguise. I
Sally by no moans justified tbo expectation of j
her backers, and to ourmind proved conclusive by ]
that n muddy track is no place for iter. Sho labor
ed excessively, and from the tap of tho drum to tho
close of the raco she showod no sign of speed that ]
could for a moment strengthen tho nopos or wish- i
es of those most largely i uterestod in l ar fstc—for 1
her fate was their own.
The day was lovely, the attendance was very i
numerous, the oourso was extromcly heavy, tough
aud inelastic, and the contest uninteresting. 1
The story of tho raoo is, therefore, easily told.
Lexington took the lead ut the tap of tho drum,
and maintained it throughout both heats, distanu
ing Sally in the lust heat. Time 6.23^ —8.24){.
» r X m a it r.
Friday, Dec. 2, 1853.—Match race, Sally Waters
vs. Lexington—three mile heats—ss,ooo to $8,500,
half forfeit.
K. Ten Brooch's b. c. Lexinjt'en, by Boston
out of Alico Carnoul—B j. o 11
L. Smith’s b. f. Sally Waters, by imp. Q-les
coe, out of Maria Black— y. Sdis.
Time, 6:23)^— —Track heavy.
Karly Cultivation or ( olton.
The preciao eircumatanoca under which tho cul
tivatiou began in theSontborn States, the time i
when aud the place where it obtained first a per
muuent fooling, are involved in ranch obscurity.
The attontiou of intelligent persons must have
been called to it before the commencement of the
Revolutionary War,as wo llnd tbo first Provincial
Congress of South Carolina, held in January, 1776,
recommended to tho inhabitants to raise cotton;
yet little practical atteutioa was paid to tboir re
couimeudation. A email quantity only v.as raißed
for domestic manufacture. Soon after the peace
ofl~S3, its cultivation spread, and Georgia took
the lead in its production. Among the planters
who raised cotton upon u large scale (as it was
then called), was Mr. J.cake,of Saranuah: in 1786
his ctop was 6,000 p' ends in the seed.
The eommenceni tot the cultivation of sea
s'aud cn'-lou i> muic clear!v secerdreri
buine -f the colonists who adhered to the royai
cause, fled to tho Bahama Islands; and learn
ing that the inventions of machinery in England
iual caused a great demand for raw cotton, they
were iuduced to turn their attention to its cultiva
tion. The small island of Anguilla, in the Carib
bean Sea, was celebrated for its excellent cotton,
i the seed supposed to have come originally from
Persia,) and from thence the Bahama settlers re
ceived their seed. By the year 1785, they bad
succeeded in raising cotton ou two of the islands;
iromoneof which Mr. Scauldiug, of Georgia, re
ceived a bag of oottou-seed: other Georgian also
had similar contributions from their former ac
quaintances in that colony. From this seed all
me sea-island cotton plants have been produced.
In a pamphlet entitled “American Husbandry,”
published in London in 1775, the writer remarks,
that the “cotton cultivated in our colonies isot the
Turkey kind. On the other hand, it must be sup
posed, from the language of their historian, that
tho Cape Fear emigrants, who began the growing
of the gossypiumonly two years after tbov had es
tablished llieir sctllsments, were provided with
seed from Barbodoes.”
In reference to sea-island or biack-seod cotton,
the writer states that it “ began to be reined in
Georgia in experimental quantities, in 1736.” The
native place of the seed is believed to be Persia. It
is designated the Persain cotton by Bryan Ed
wards, aud is so called iu the West ludies, and by
the merchants ot England. The seed grown in
this country came from the Bahama Islands, where
it had been introduced by the Board of Trade, from
Anguilla, a small island in the Caribbean Sea, and
was sent by Mr. Tatnalf, then Surveyer-General of
the Bahames, Col. Hclsell, and others, to Governor
Tatnall, James Spalding, Richard Leake, and
Alexander Bisset, all of Georgia.
The species of cotton first introduced known in
commerce by the name of “upland,” adheres to
every part of its seed with great tenacity ; the infi
nite delay and trouble attending the separation
of the fibre from the seed, greatly retarded the ex
tension of its growth. Among the early cultivators
the fibre was usually separated from the seed by
the hands of laborers. Rollers and the bowstring
were subsequently introduced, but the process
with their assistance was exceedingly slow and ex
pensive. From this process the upland cotton
took the name in the English market of “Bowed
Georgia,” and it is now sometimes quoted by
that'name, although the instrument nas been
entirely out of use more than fifty Tears— Ft.-
anin£{.
Steamboat Disasteb.—Quite an accident has oc
curre'd on the Tennessee River, in the lotai loss of
the bteamer Mary McKinnie, coming from Knox
vrile, on Saturday night. Doc. 3d. She had consi
derable freight, aud was runniag at her usual rate,
s S l 841 Creek, about thirty miles from this
i struck a si.ag and sunk in deep water
I B m\}“ 1 ® he n - ar b' capsized, and is a nseloea
.«A T “ ere ,? f ®. ro 36 Passengers on board at the
1 ???* k Uie consternation prevailed among
5 ir en j’ bn * the sicanrer London soon came along on
- ratter, t ?P-“ ok 0® the passengers a£d a
but it ia more orless damaged.
h * d j™ l left the waysatDe
oatur, and had undergone through renaira for the
bu&rnes* season so that no blame cen rest upon
g tb« owners, Capt. Williams ft Co., trom any un
worthiness in tho condition of the boat
ntoga Advertiser, ith init.
to-
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1853.
From the loot Stale GaeetU.
Dr. Sttlaer and M»J. AraoU.
Mu. Edito*:—My Mention waa arrested by an
article in the Texaa Ranger of the 15lh in*t, pur
porting to give the particular* of the late lamentable
occurrence at Fort Graham, Tea., which resulted in
tbe death of Maj. Arnold, commanding officer t
that post. The articl- referred to is an extract
taken by the Btnger from a Washington City ex
change, (name not given), which oommencea by
slating: “We have a history of this horrible affair
by a private letter direct from Fort Graham, Tex
as, where it occurred.” And after making that
statement, which is so well calculated to engender
the belief in the minds of every nersou, that the
history is correct,” this article goes on to miare
present the circumstances leading to, and the facta
connected with that unfortunate occurrence iu
such a manner, as to do the grossest injustice to
Dr. Steiner. Being myself well acquainted with
Dr. Steiner, and knowing him tobe a high-souled,
chivalrous gentleman, I will injustice to him who
has been injured, and tbe public who have been
imposed upon by tho»e misrepresentations, give e
statement of the facts of the case—not as gathered
from the friends of Dr. Steiner or Maj. Arnold,
nor yet as picked up from indefinite rumor, or
vague report, but the facts as they were sworn to,
on the trial of Dr. Steiner, before tbe oivil author!
ties of Hill county.
On the night of the 3th of September last. Dr.
Steiner, in tho discharge of nis duty as surgeon of
the post, visited Lieut. Tvler, who was tick iu his
quarters; he met Lieut. Bingham there by whom
he was insulted so grossly that he eouid not, with
out being wanting in aelf-respect. have passed it
unnoticed; he promptly re-ented it—for this, on
the following morning, he was arrested by order
of Maj. Arnold. Dr. Steiner, is charged with be
ingdrunk at the time this diffloally occurred with
Lieut. Bingham, it is utterly mitrue, he was per
fectly sober and had not touched ono drop of in
toxicating liquor. On the morning of the fllb, Dr.
Steiner was again at Lieut. Tylers quarters on a
professional visit, when Adjutant Anderson
walked in and exhibited to him Maj. Arnold's
written order for his arrest; here Dr. Steiner is
charged with having Baid “I will kill any matt who
*!ia'l arrest me," which charge is grossly false ;
Dr. Steiner did not use any each language, nor did
he use any language which could by any possibil
ity be construed into a threat to kill Maj. Arnold;
he only remarked when the arrest was imposed
upon him, to this effect, •• I will see Maj. Arnold
and know what I am arrested for,” and then went
immediately to Msj. Arnold’s quarters; as to what
occurred alter tie got there, hear the deposition of
Joseph Stewart, corporal of “ F. oompany, 2d dra
goons,’ - taken before the civil authorities of Hill
county:
“On the morning of the tth September, ac
cording to orders, went over to Maj. Arnold’s
quarter’s to report, when 1 got there, corporal Mc-
Cauley was there before me; I halted until he got
through ; before be got through, Dr. Steinor came
out of Lieut. Tyler’s quarters, had a small cane in
bis hand, amusing himself with it as he walked
along; he walked np to Maj. Arnold and said,
“you have arrested me,” be then asked Major
Arnold what he had arrested him for; tho Major
replied for drunkenness and riotousness. Doctor
Steiner then told him that he was insulted; Maj.
Arnold then told Dr. Steiner to go to his quarters,
throwing his right hand in a very harsh manner
to his breast; from the position l occupied, I
could not then tell what he seized with bis hand.
Dr Steiner at the same time was resting his left
hand on his cane and his right hand was at toe
time hanging down by bis side. Maj. Arnold
brought his left toot back and drew a pistol; it
appeared to me that they both drew together, bat
Maj. Arnold tired the first shot at Dr. Steiner—the
Doctor quickly returned the fire,” &o.
Also, the deposition of Edward P. Folan, after
narrating the circumstance of Dr. Steiner’s com
ing out of Lieut. Tyler’s quarters, says “I saw
him stop suddenly in front of Maj. Arnold’s quar
ters, as if somebody had spoken to him from with
in ; I saw Dr.Stoineratthe samo time playing with
his eune and looking in that direction, his cane
dropped and he stooped to pick it up; immediate
ly after ho picked it up, I saw a shot flrod from
Maj. Arnold’s passage way, in the direction to
where Dr. Steiner was standing; I saw Dr.
Steiner immediately recoil, making a motion with
his hand drawing something from his waist, wsut
to the front and fired; the succeeding shots 1
could not distinguish from whioh party they
oame,” &o.
Hear also the deposition of Jas. A. Williams,
who after reciting the fact that Dr. Bteiner oame
out of Lieut. Tylor’s quarters, on his way to Maj.
Arnold’s, Ac., says: “As he got edging the
gallory he hnd something in his hand, which he
dropped, and stooped down a ;d picked it up, he
went on some four or five steps and halted,
whether ho was stopped by Msj. Arnold or not 1
to not know, ho stood there about two or three
minutes, all at once 1 heard the fire of a pistol
come from ont the piazza, I saw Dr. Steiner at the
fire of the pistol dodge to the left, as he recovered
he flrod into the piazza, from wheuco the shot
cime, and then he stepped to the right about two
or three steps, mid flrec, after the first fire trom
Dr. Steiner, I could not distinguish from whioh
party the other shots came. Maj. Arnold stepped
back and fell." -
In answer to a question he says, “The first fire
camo from the piazza, and Dr. Steiner was out
side.”
In addition to thoso three depositions, there are v
on record the depositions of feur other men, taken g
at the some time, who were eye witnesses of the (
affair, all of whom prove tho »sino facts,® not only t
because tho insertion of them would spin out this r
communication to too great a length, but also be- g
cause it is unnecessary to accumulate evidence any a
further in support of the faots which are so clearly t
proved in these three depositions, to wit: That e
M ij-jr Arnotd first insulted Dr. Steiner, and theu l
mode a murderous attack upon him, thereby leav - t
ing Dr Steiner no other alternative than to kill g
him iu self-defence. That Msjor Arnold did at- c
tack Dr. Steiner without provocation is clearly t
proved,and that he intended to kill him, I think is c
proven equally clear, but in order to make the f
matter still plainer, and to fasten conviction in 1
tho minds of the most skeptical that this was a s
prenudilated attempt on the part of Major Arnold, t
to kill Dr. Steiner, I will here insert the entiro de- C
position of William Slado, which was also taken on r
the trial of Dr. Steiner, which saysj “On tbe mor c
ning of tho 7lh of November, Major Arnold sent c
for me to come to his quartors. 1 went there, f
Major Arnold asked me if I had not a small pocket ;
pistol that 1 would lend him; I told him I had dis- i
posed of the one I hnd ; he then as' cd me if any i
ot the men of the company had one ; l told him I t
would get him one isl could. I borrowed a pistol »
and gave it to Major Arnold. When I gave it to c
him ho said, Slade, 1 shall have a difficulty with Dr. j
Steiner, so I wish to be in readiness for him, snd c
give him the first shot. 1 told Major Arnold, 1 I
would be very sorry for the like to happen, and it e
would be batter to take some other measures ; he 1
answered, No, damn Mm, if he comet in my eight i
I will shoot him, 1 ought to have done so four years l
ago, the d d Bconndrol.” c
When asked as to the charaoter of the pistol he j
borrowed for Major Arnold, he answered, “It was *
a small revolver.” *
When asked whether or not lie recoived any t
further directions from Major Arnold, ho answer
od, “I did, he sent for and asked me to get him ;
homo small caps, stating that the caps he had were '
too large for his own pistol. I got him the caps
and sent them to him by his negro boy. I saw the ,
pistol alleged to have beou fired by Major Arnold, (
at Dr. Steiner, it was Colt’* navy revolver. lam t
positive it was his own, there was blood on it, and t
two barrels had been newly discharged, <fee. This ,
is tho testimony of William Slade, taken verba- (
tim from tho records, it is clear, unambiguous and ,
to the point. It needs no comment. If it proves
anything at all, it is, that Major Arnold had coolly j
anil deliberately resolved to kill Dr. Steiner, on
sight. The other evidence proves equally clear,
that ho attempted to put that resolution into exe
cution, and that he only failed in the attempt be t
cause of the cool courage and deliberate prompt
ness with which Dr. Steiner met and repelled the f
attack, although he had not the slightest idea that ,
he would be attacked, until ho was fired upon.— ,
Dr. Steiner has also been charged with attempting ,
to escape, after he had killed Major Arnold ; that (
charge is simply false; he was at the time under j
military arrest. He addressed a note to the com- (
mandiug officer, requesting a suspension of that |
arrest, until this affair could be investigated to the -
oivil authorities, which request was granted, and ,
so well satisfied wssthe court, after a strict inves
tigatiou, that Dr. Steiner acted in self defence, in (
killing Major Arnold, that it was only at hia own ■
instance and reqnest, that he was recognized to '
appear at the next district court for Hill county, .
ho preferring that tbe offence with which he is
charged, should be tried botore a higher tribunal. .
Tins ia u plain, straightforward statement of the
facts of tho onso, and if auy one donbts it, I refer i
him to testimony whioh is now a matter of record
in the districts clerk’s office of Hill eonuty, for in
quoting tho testimony which 1 have inserted in j
this communication, I have copied it verbatim
from the record. It is n sad commentary upon j
human frailty and infirmity, that out of materials (
like these such wholesale slanders as have gone |
forth to the world, aud have beeu heralded trom
one end of the union to the other, should have
been manufactured, and that pnblic opinion ahonld
bo sought to be poisoned sgsinsta man for acting
in übodience to an mstinot which is implanted in !
tho bosom of every mao. Such, however, hs* I '
been Ihe case, andss a friomlol Dr. Steiner, ami I
being acquainted with the fact, I have felt it my
duty' to furnish to the public data, in the shape of
well at toe ted facta, by which to form a correct
judgment in the premises, and all that Dr. Stei
ner asks at the hands of the pnblic, is, that the
evidence be considered, and that being done, he
is as ready to abide the verdict of pnbnc opinion
as be has shown himself to abide tbe issue of a
legal investigation. Wsoo.
A Beautiful Thought.
We take the following beautiful passage from
an address of Theodore Romeyn, Esq., of Detroit
before the Literary Societies of Rutger's College
on “Our country and her claims;’’
“As in the light of reason yon look abroad
ycu see a wealth of beauty, a prolusion of good
ness in the works of Him who has strewn flowers
in the wilderness, and painted the bird, and en
amelled the insect. In the simplest and most
universal of his laws you can read this lesson.
An uneducated man dreams not of the comtituenta
of the common snn-light, which now in its splen
dor floods the firmanent and the landscape. He
cannot comprehend how much of loveliness of the
world results from the composite character of light
and from the reflecting properties of most physi
cal bodies. If, instead of red, yellow end bine,
which the analysis of tbe prism and the expeu
ments of absorption have eßoitn to be its consti
tuents, it had been homogeneous, simple white,
how changed all would have been. The growing
corn and the ripe harvest, the blossom and the
fruit, the fresh greenness of spring, and antumn’a
robe of many colors; the hues of the violet, the lily,
snd the rose tbe silvery foam ot the rivulet, the
emerald ofthe river, and the purple ofthe ocean,
wonld have beeu alike unknown. The rainbow
would have beeu but a paler streak in tbe gray
sky, and dull vapor* wonld have canopied the sue,
instead ofthe clouds, which in dyes of flaming
bril iancy curtain his rising np and going down.
Nay, there wonld have been no distinction between
the’ bloom of childhood, the flush of health, and
the paleness of deesy, the hectic of disease and
thelividneaa of death. There wonld have been
an unvaried, unmeaning leaden hue, where we
now seethe changing and expressive countenance,
the tinted earth and the gorgeooe firmament.”
Sate the Dead Leaves.—ls every horticulturist
would reflect for a moment on the nature of fallen
leaves, which contain not only the vegetable matter,
bntthe earthy ealts, lime.potash, *e., needed for the
next year’s growth—and that, too, exactly in the
proportion required by tbe very tree and plant from
which they fall; nay, more, if they would consider
that it is precisely in this way, by the decomposi
tion of these very fallen leaves, that nature
enriches the eoil, year after year, in her great
forests, it would scarcely be possible for such a
reflecting horticulturist to allow there leave* to
be swept away by every wind that blows, and
finally lost altogether. A wire horticulturist will
diligently collect, from week to week, the leaves
that fall under each tree, and by digging them
> under the soil about the root*, where they will
decay and enrieh that eoil, provide in the cheapest
manner the beet possible »od for that tree. In
i certain vineyards in France the vines are kept in
i the higeet condition by simply burying at their
roots every leaf and branch that ia pruned off
each vines, or that fella from tiwm at the end of
tbe season.' -SortieuttvHM.
PRESIDENT’S MESS AG E.
FsLLow-Cmumof tb* Siiun,
oj«d or thb Houas or KirßS&xTATivaa:
The interest, with which the people of the Be
public anticipate the ooaembling of Coiurreee, and
the fulfilment, on that occasion, of the ilntv impOa
ed upon a new Pre.-nient, ia one of the beet «ri
dances of their capacit; to realise the hopes of the
founders of ■ po'iucal rjatem, at once complex and
symmetrica!. While the different branches of the
government are, to a certain exteut, independent
of each other, the duties of all, alike, have direct
reference to the s nuce of power. Fortunately, un
der tbi. system, no man is so high, and none so
humble, in the scale of public station, as to escape
from tbe scrutiny, or to be exempt from the respon
sibility, which allbtSciai functions imply.
Upon the justice and intelligence ot the m m*es,
in a government thus organised, is the sole reli
ance of the confederacy, snd the only security for
houestaud earnest devotion to its interests, again.t
the usurpations and encroachments of power on the
one hand, and the assaulta of personal ambition on
the other.
The intereet, of which I have spoken, ia inaepa
rable from an inquiring, self-governing communi
ty, but stimulated, doubtless, at the present time,
by the unsettled coudit'on of our relations with
several foreign powera; by the new obligation- re
suiting from a sudden exteusion of the field ot
enterprise ; by the spirit with which that field ha.
been entered, and the amaxing energy with which
its resources for meeting the demands of hnmatu'y
have been developed.
Although disease, assuming at onetime the char
acteristica of a wide spread and devastating peati
lence, has lett its sad traces upon some portions of
our oountry, we have still tbomost abundant cause
for reverent thankfulness to God for an accutnula.
tion of siirual mercies showered upon us as a na
tion. It is wsM that a consciousness of rapid ad
vancement and increasing strength be habitually
associated with an abiding sense of dependence up
on Him who holasin his hands the destiny of men
and of nations.
Recognising the wisdom of tbe broad principle ,
of absolute religious toleration proclaimed in j
our fundamental law, and rejoicing in the benign y
influence which it has exerted upon our social and ,
political condition, I should shrink from a clear a
duty, did I fail to express my deepest conviction, j
that we can place no secure reliance upon any ap
parent progress if if he not sustained by national
integrity, resting upon the great truths affirmed „
and illustrated by divine revelation. Iu the midst a
of our sorrow for the affiieted and snfferin . it has
been consoling to see how promptly disister made c
true neighbors of districts and ‘cities separated e
widely from each other, and cheering to watch the j
strength of that common bond of brotherhood,
which unites all hearts, in all parts of this Union, 0
when danger threatens from abroad, or calimlty c
impends over us at borne. ’ w
Our diplomatic relations with foreign powers t |
have undergone no essential ohange since the ad- ,
journmentof the last Congress. With some of g
them, questions of a disturbing character are still 0
pending, but there are good reasons to believe that tJ
these may all be amicably adjusted. g
For some years past, Great Britain has so con p
strued the flrstarticle of the convention ofthe 20th £
of April, 1818, in regard to the fisheries on the
northeastern eoaet, as to exclude our citizens from j
some of the fishing grounds, to whioh'hey freely ri
resorted for nearly a quarter of a century subse- a
quentto the date of that treaty. The U nited States p
have never acquiesced in this construction, but a
have always claimed for their fishermen all the 0
rights whioh they had so long enjoyed without e
molestation. With a view to remove all difficul
ties on the subject, to extend the rights of oar fish- Rl
ermen beyond the limits fixed by the convention r
of 1818, and to regulate trade between the United h
Statee and the British North American provinces, a
a negotiation has beenopened, with a fair prospect c
of a favorable result. To protect our fishermen in 0
the enjoyment of their rights, and preventeoliision f,
betweeu them and British fishermen, 1 deemed it o
expedient to station a naval force in that quarter r ,
daring the fishing season.
Embarrassing questions havealsoarisen between
the twogovernmeuts in regard to Central America, y,
Great Britain has proposed to settle them by an a
amicable arrangement, and our minister at London j
is instructed to enter into negotiations on that „
subject. y
A commission for adjusting the claima of our a
citizens against Groat Britain, and those of British a
subjects against the Uuited States, organized un- c
derthe convention of the Bth of February last, is ;
now sitting in Loudon for tho transaotion of bust- a
ness. o
It is in many respects desirable that the bound
ary line between the United States and the Brisish t
provinces in tho northwest, as designated in the a
convention ofthe 15th of June, 1846,and especial- „
ly that part which separates the Territory of Wash- [j
ington from the British possessions on the north, j,
should be traoed and marked. I therefore present \
the subject to your notice. r
With France our relations continue on tbe most „
friendly footing. The extensive commerce be p
tween the United States and that country might, it (.
is conceived, be released from some unueccsssry c
restrictions, to the mutual advantage of both par
ties. With a view to this object, some progress a
has been made in negotiating a treaty of cos t» sree 0
and navigation. j.
Independently of our valuable trade with Spain, r ,
we have important political relations witli her, „
growingout of our neighborhood to tbe islands of p
Cuba and Porto Rico. 1 am happy to annonnoe, p
that since the lust Congress no attempts bvte been a
made, by unauthorised expeditions within the U. n
States, against either of those colonies. Should t
any movement be manifested within our limits, all c
tbe means at my command will be vigoronsly ex- y
erted to repress it. Several annoying occurrences
have taken place at Havana, or in the vicinity of f
the island of Cnba, between our citizens and tbe „
Spanish authorities. Considering the proximity r
of that island to onr shores,—lying, as it does, in 0
the track of trade between soma of onr principal p
cities,—and the snspicious vigilance with which p
foreign intercourse, particularly that with the £
United States, is there guaided, a repetition of J
such occurrences may well be apprehended. At #
no diplomatic intercourse is allowed between our B
Consul at Havana, and the Capt.-General of Cuba, r
ready explanations can not be made, or prompt re- t|
dress afforded, where injury has resulted. All e
oomplaint on the part of onr citizens, nndsr the ,
present arrangement, must be, in the first place, t
g resented to this government, and thon referred to v
pain. Spain again refers itto her local authorities c
in Cuba for investigation, and postpones an answer t
till she has heard from - thoso authorities. To D
avoid these irritating and vexatious delays, a prop- -
osition has been made to provide for a direct ap- *
peal for redress to the Captain-General by onr s
consul, in behalf of our iujured fellow-citizens.
Hitherto, the government of Spain has declined to e
enter into any such arrangement. This coarse on a
her part is deeply regretted; for, without some p
arrangement of this kind, the good understanding £
between the two countries may bo exposed to oc
casional interruption. Our minister at Madrid ia s
instructed to renew tho proposition, and to press ;
it again upon the consideration of her Catholic p
Majesty’s government. *
For several years Spain has been calling the at- j
tention of tbis government to a claim lor losses, by f
some of her subjects, in the case of tho schooner a
Amistad. This claim is believed to rest on the ,
obligations imposed by our existing treaty with that j
conntry. Its justice wasadinitted, in ourdiploma a
tic correspondence with the Spanish government, f
as early as March, 1847; aud one of my precleces- j
sors, in bis annual message of that year, recoin- '
mended that provision should be made for its pay- ;
ment. In January last it was again submitted to J
Congress by the Executive. It has received a fu- f
vorable consideration by committees of both bran- .
ches. but as yet there has beeu nofinalaclion upon j
it. I conceive that good faith requires its prompt c
adjustment, and I present itto yourearly and favo- j
Table consideration.
Martin Koszta, a Hungarian by birth, came to (
this country in 1850, aud declared his intention, in (
due form of law, to become a citixeu of the United
States. Altor remaining here nearly two years, he |
visited Turkey. While at Smyrna, he was forcibly ,
seized, taken on board an Austrian brig of war, .
then lying in the harbor of that place, and there ,
oonflned in irons, with the avowed desigu to take ,
him iuto tho dominions of Austria. Ouroonsulat ,
Smyrna and legation at Constantinople interposed (
for bin release, but their efforts were ineffectual.— ,
While thns imprisoned. Commander Ingraham,
with the United States ship of war St. Louis, ar- ,
rived at Smyrna, and, alter inquiring into the oir- ]
ciimetanoes of the case, eame to the conclusion tlist ,
K oszta was entitled to tbe protection of thisgovern- ,
ment, end took cuergetic and prompt meaanros for ,
his release. Under an arrangement between the ,
agents of tho United States and of Auatria, he was i
transferred to the custody of the French consul- ,
general, at Smyrna, there to remain nDtil heshonld
Be disposed of by the mutual agreement of theoon
sals of the respective governments at that place.—
Pursuant to that ogreemout, he has been released
and ia now in tne United States. The Empe
ror of Austria has made the conduct of our
officers who took part in this transaction, a subject
of grave complaint. Rcgaiding Koszta as still his
subject, aud claiming a right to seize him within
the limits of the Turkish Empire, he has demanded
of this government its consent to the surrender of
the prisoner, a disavowal of the acts ot its agent*,
and satisfaction for the alleged outrage. After a
‘ careful comidera' ion of the • ««, I came So the eon j
i elusion that Kujaw«> without legal au ;
I thoritj at Smyrna; that he wu- wiougmily detained
on board of the Austrian brig ot war; tliat, at the
time of his seizure, he was clothed with the nation
ality of the United Statee ; and that the acts of our
officers, under the circumstances of the case, were
justifiable, and their conduct haa been folly ap
proved by me, and a compliance with the several
demand* of the Emperor of Auatria has been de
dined. m
For a more full acoount of this transaction and
my views in regard to it, 1 refer to the correspon
dence between the charge d’affaires of Austria and
the Secretary of State, which is herewith trans
mitted. The principles aud policy therein main
tained on the part of the United States t will, when
ever a proper occasion oocurs, be applied and en-
The condition of China, at this time, renders it
probable that some important changes will occur in
that vast empire, which will lead to a more unres
tricted intercourse with it. The commissioner to
that country, who has been recently appointed, is
instructed to avail himself of all occasions to open
and extend our commercial relations, notonly with
tbe empire of Chins, but with other Asiatic
In 1852, an expedition was sent to Japan, under
the command of Commodore Perry, for the pur
pose of opening commercial intercourse with that
Empire. Intelligence has been received of his ar
rival there, aud of his having made known to the
Emperor of Japan the object of his visit; but it
is not yet ascertained how far the Emperor will be
dispose- 1 to abandon his restrictive policy, and
oDenthat populous country to a sommercial inter
course witnthe United Statee.
It haa been my earnest desire to maintain friend
ly intercourse with the governments upon this con
tinent, and to aid them in preMrving good under
standing among themselves. With Mexico, a dis
arisen as to the true boundary line be
tween our territory of New Mexico and the Mexi
can State of Chihuahua. A former cemmiseioner
of the United States, employed in running that
line pursuant to the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,
made a serious mistake in determining tha imuai
point on the Bio Grande ; but, inasmuch as hi* de
cision was clearly a departure from the directions
for tracing the boundary contained .n that treaty,
' mid was not concurred in by the sarveyor ap
pointed on the part es the United Statee, whose
concurrence was necessary to give valjdiiy to that
decision, this government is not condnded there
by ; bat that of Mexico takee a different view of
i the sabjeck. .. _ ....
i There ere sleo other questions of considerable
i magnitude pending between the two republios.
r Our minuter in Mexico haa ample mat rue* ions to
- adjust them. Negotiations have been opened, but
> sufficient progress haa not been made therein to
t enable me to apeak of the probable result. Im
i nrmaed with the importance of maintaining ami
i cable relations with that republic, and of yielding
i with liberality to all her just claims, it ia reesona
-1 bie to expect that an arrangement mutually satis
■ factory to both countries may be condnded, and a
i lasting friendship between them oonfirmed and
t having provided fcr a full mission to
j the States of Central America, a minister was sent
a thither in Jnly last. As yet he haa had time to
r visit only one of these statee, (Nicaragua,) where
ff he wee received in the most friendly maimer. It
>f is hoped that his presence and good offices will
bate • benign effect ia composing the dissensions
which prevail among them, and in estabiUhiog
Mill more intimate and friendly relations between
them ve-pecrively, and between each of them and
the United States.
Coui-idering lbs vest regions ot this continent
and the number of tales wbicb would b> made
accessible by tbe free uaviga'ion of the river Amn
ion, particular attention has been given to this
subject. Brazil, through whose territories i; pais
es into the ocean, has hitherto persisted in « p- liey
so restrictive in regard to tho use of <hi.» ri ur, as
to obstruct and nearly exclude, t >r«ign comm* rvia :
intercourse with the states which lie upon str b
utaries au-i upper branches. Our minister to i hit
country is instructed to obtain a relaxation -d 'hat
policy, and to use hia efforts to induce the Br.zi -
lan government to open to common u-e. >i:,.ter
proper safeguards, this great natural higliw ; for
international trade Several of the South Ameri
can states are deeply interested in this attempt to
secure the free navigation of the Amazou, m.d it i*
reasonable to expect their cooperation in ilie
measure. As the advantages of true oeui'n. rciul
intercourse amung nations are better undei 'o>*d,
more liberal views are generally entertained a * ;o
the common rights of all to the free use of those
means which nature has provided for interns ion -
al communication. To these more liberal ai den
lightened views, it is hoped that Braxii will con
form her policy, and remove all uuiieoe*sn< y r„
rtrictions upon the free use of a river, which tra
verses ao many state* and so large a part "< the
continent. I am happy to inform you >h. the
republic of Paraguay and the Argentine t.'onvde
ration have yielded to the liberal policy still re
sisted by Brazil, in regard to the navigable ri .-or.*
within their respective territories. Treaties em
bracing this aubjeot among others have been n- go
tiated with these governments, wtiich will be «uh.
mitted to tbe Senate at the prow nt session.
A new branch of commeroo, important •» tho
agricultural interestaof the UnitedS'atc s, ha*, with
in a few years part, been opened with Peru. Not
witliatanding tile inexhaustible deposits ot guano
upon the islands o' that country, cousiderah >• dif
ficulties are experienced iu obtaining the requisite
supply. Measure* have been taken to -eu.uve
these difficulties, and to secure a more abundant
importation of the artioie. Unfortunately iheie
has been a serious collision betweeu onr citizens
who have re*orto 1 to the Chiuuha island* no it,
aad the Peruvian authorities Btntioncd tiier-. He
Jrer* for the outrage* committed by the lat er was
promptly demanded by our minister al Lima.
This subject is now under consideration, ami there
is reason to believe that Peru is disposed to offer
adequate indemnity to the aggrieved parties.
We are thus not only at peace with all foreign
countries, but, iu regurd to polit cal affairs, are ex
empt from any cause of serious disquietude in our
domestic relations.
The controversies, which have agitated the
country heretofore, are passing away with tbe
causes which produced them and the|ns*i.nis
whioh they had awakened; or, if any trace of
them remains, it may be reasonably hoped that it
will oDly be perceived in the zealous rivalry ot all
good citiaenß to testify their respect for the rights
ofthe States, their devotion to tho Union, and
their common determination that oach ono or the
Statee, its institutions, its welfare and its domes io
peace shall be held alike secure under the encrcd
segis of the constitution.
This new league ot amity and of mutual confi
dence and support, into which the people of tbe
repnblio have entered, happily affords inducement
and opportunity for the adoption of a more com- i
prehensive and unembarrassed line of policy a> d
action, as to the great material interests if ihe
conntry, whether regarded in themselves or in
connexion with the powers as tho civilized world.
The United States have continued gradually and i
steadily to expand, through acquisitions of territo
ry, which, how much soever some of them may
have been questioned, are now universally seen i
and admitted to have been wise in policy, jost In
character, and a great element in the advancement
of our country, and with it, of the human race, in
freedom, iu prosperity, «nd in happiness. The i
thirteen States hav grown to be thirty one, with
relationa reaching to Europe on ono aide, and on
the other to the distant realms of Asia.
i am deeply sensible of the immense responsi
bility which the present magnitude ofthe republic
and the diversity and multiplicity of its. interest
devolves upon me, the alleviation of which, so far
as relates to the immediate conduo 1 of the public
business is : first, in my reliance on the wisdom
and patriotism of the two Houses of Congress ; aud
secondly, iu tbe directions afforded me by the prin
ciples ol pnblic polity, affirmed by onr fathers of
the epoch es W2B, sanctioned by long experience,
and conseorated anew by the overwhelming voice
of the people ofthe United Statee.
Recurring to these principles, which constitute
the organio basis of union, we perceive that, vast
as are the functions and tho duties es ihe federal
government, v sled in, or entrusted to, its three
great departments, the legislative, executive, and
judicial, yet tho substantive power, the popular
force, and the largo oap&cities for social and mate
rial developement, exist in tho respective States,
whio’ i, all being of themselves well constituted re
publics, as they preceded, so they alone are capa
ble of maintaining and perpetuating the Ameri
can Union.
The ledoral government hue it' appropriate line of ti
action in the epeciflc and limited powers conferred y
on it by the constitution chiefly as te those things {
in which the States have a common interest in their t
relations to one another, and to foreign govern- a
niente; while the great mass of interests which be- r
long to cultivated men, the ordinary busings of p
lite, the aprings of industry, all the diversified per
sonal and domestic affairs ot society, rest securely n
upon the general reserved powers of the people of v
the several States. There is the etfec ive dcuiocra- c
cy of the natioa, aud there the vital essence of its a
being and its greatness. s
Os the practical oouseauences which flow B
from the nature of the federal government, the pri- y
mary one is the duty of administering with integ- u
rity aud fldelitythe high trust reposod in it by the y
constitution, especially in the application of the t
public funds, as drawn by taxation from the peo
ple, and appropriated to speoifle objects by Con- a
gross. Happily I have no cccaßion to suggest any |
radical changes in tbo flnanoial policy of the gov- B
erument. Ours is almost, if not absolutely, the
solitary power of Christendom, having a surplus \
revenue drawn immediately from imposts on com- t
meroe, and therefore measured by thespontaneons t
enterprise and national prosperity of the country, t
with sneb indirect relation to agriculture, manufac- r
turca, and the products of the earth and sea, as to u
violate no constitutional doctrine, and yet vigor- t
ously promote the generel wolfare. Neither as to j
the eources of the public treaeure, n«r as to the v
mannor ot keeping and managing it, docs acy f
grave controversy now prevail, there being a gen- c
eral aequiesence in the wisdom of the present t
system. a
The report ot the Secretary ot the Treasury will ,
exhibit in detail the state of the public finances,
and the condition of the varione branches of the
public service administered by thot department of £
the government.
The revenue of the country, levied almost insen
sibly to the tax payer, goes on from year to year *
increasing beyond eithor the interests or the
prospective wants of the government.
At the close of the fiscal year ending June 80, .
185 S, there remained in the Treasury a balan «ol J
forteen million six hundred aud thirty two thou
sand one hundred and thirty-six dollars. The
public revenue for the fiscal year ending June 80, .
1868, amounted to fifty-eight million nine hundred
and thirty-one thousand eight hundred ami sixty- '
five dollars from customs, aud to two million four >
hundred and five thousand sevon hundred and .
eight dollars from public lands rnd .thcr miscel- .
laneous eources, amountiag together to siitj one .
million three hundred and thirty-Bcveu thousand
five hundred and seventy fonr dollars : while the
pnblic expenditures for the same period, exclusive
of peymentson socountofthe public debt, amount- {
ed to forty-three million five hundred and tifty- ,
four thousand two-bnndred aud sixty-two dollars;
leaving a balance of thirty-two million fonr linn
dred and twenty-five th usand four hundred and
forty seven dollars of receipts above expenditures. (
This fact, of increasing surplus in the Treasury,
became the subject of anxious consideration at a (
very early period of my administration, and the ,
path of duty in regard to it seemed to me obviou - ,
and clear, namely: first, to apply tho surplus
revenne to the discharge of the public debt, so far
aa it could judiciously be done; and secondly, to
devise means for the gradual reduction of the 1
revenue to tho standard ol the public exigencies.
Os these objects, the flret has boon in the t o irse j
of accomplishment, in a manner and to a devroe j
highly satisfactory. Tho amount of the public
debt, of all classes, was, on tho4th of March, 1868,
sixty-nine million one hundred and ninety thou
sand and thirty-eeven dollurs; payments on ac
count of which have been made, since that period,
to the amount of twelve million seven hnndred
and three thousand three hnndred and tweuty
uiue dollars,leaving unpaid, and in the cmtiiiu- i
oua course of liquidation, the sum of fltty-six
million four hundred aud eighty six thousand
seven hundred and eight dollars. These pay
ments, although made at the market price of the
respective classes of stocks, have been effected
readily, and to tho general advantage of the Trea
sury, and have st the same time proved of signal
utility in the relief they bavo iuciueutally afforded
to the mouey market and to the industrial and
commercial pursuits of the country.
Th; second of theabovo mentionedobjecs, that
of the red notion of the tariff, is of great import
j me-, ami 'he plan suggested by tin- Secretary of
die Treasury, which is to redu:o.he diiuesoo oer-
I tain articles, and to add to the free lia many
articles now taxed, and especially such as eutir in
to manufactures, and are not largely, or at all pro
duced in the country, is commended to your candid
and careful consideration.
Yon will find in the report of the Secretary of
tha Treasury, also, abundant proof of the entire
adequaoy of the present fiscal system to meet all
tlm requirements of the public service, and that,
while properly administered, it operates to the ad
vantage of the community in ordinary business re
lation s.
I respectfully ask your attention to sundry sug
gestions of improvements in the settlement of ac
counts, especially as regards the large sums of out
standing arrears due to the government, and of
other reforme in the administrative action of his
department, which are indicated by the Secretary;
as also to the progress made in the construction of
marine hospitals, enstom-honaes, and of a new
mint in California and assay office in the city of
New York, heretofore provided for by Congress;
and also to the eminently successful progress of
tbs Coast Survey, and of the Light-house Board.
Among the objects meriting your attention w .1
be important recommendations from tho Secre a
riesof War and Navy. lam fully satisfied that
the Navy of the Uui ted States ia notin a condi
tion of strength and efficiency commensurate with
the magnitude of our oommsrcil and other inter
ests ; and commend to yonr especial attention the
sngeatione on this subject, mads by the Secretary
of the Navy. I respectfully submit that the Army,
which, under our system, must always be regard
ed with the highest interest, as a nucleus around
which the volunteer forces of the nation gather in
the hour of danger, requires augmentation, or
modification, to adapt it to the present extended
limits and frontier relations of the country, sud
the condition of the Indian tribes in the interior
of the continent; the necessity of which will ap
pear in the communications or tbs Secretaries of
War and the Interior.
In the administration as the Post Office Depart
ment tor the fiscal year ending June 80,1858; the
gross expenditure was seven million nine hnndred
and eighty-two thousand seven hundred and fifty
six dollaia; and the gross receipts, during the
same period, five million nine hundred and forty
two thousand seven hundred and thirty-four dol
lars ; showing that the carrent revenue failed lo
meet the current expenses of the department by
, the sum of two million forty-two thousand and thir
ty two dollars. Thecauae which, underthe present
postal syatem and laws, led inevitably to this re
' salt, are ftilly explained in the Report of the
Postmaster General; one great cause being the
' enormous rates the department has been compel!
I ed to pay for mail service rendered by railroad
1 companies.
The exbibitin the report of the Postmaster Gen
- eral of the income and expenditures by mail steam-
I ere will be fonnd peculiarly interesting, and of a
- character to demand the immediate action of Con
gress.
J Numerous and flagrant frauds upon the Pension
l Bureau have been brought to light within the last
rear, and in some instances merited punishments
> inflicted; bat, unfortunately in others,guilty par
t ties have escaped, not through the want of ruffi
-3 cant evidence to warrant a conviction, but in con
t l a3rtSjfTa°* tb * P roT **' on * °* limitation In the
fl I From the nature of these claims, the remote
> u« of the tribunals to paw upon utm, and tha
mode in wbiob the proof is, of necessity, furnish
ed, temptations to crime have been greatly stimu
lated -by the obvious difficulties of detection
The detects in the low upon this subject are go ap
parent,-and so fatal to the ends of justioo, that
your early action relating to it is most desirable.
Idohmg the last fiscal year, niDe million eight
hundredand nineteen thousand four hundred and
eleven acres of the public lands have been sur
veyed, and ten million three hundred and sixty
thraa thousand eight hundred aud ninety-one
acres brought into market. Within the same pe
riod, tbe sales by public purchhso and private en
try amounted to one million eighty-three thousand
lour hundred and ninety-five acres; loeated under
military bounty land warrants, six million one
hundred and torty-two thousand throe hundred
and sixty acres; located under other certifioutes,
niue thousand tour hundredand twenty-seven
acres; ceded to the States as swamp lands, sixteen
million six hundred aud eighty -four thousand two
hnudiad aud fifty-three acres; selected for rail
road and other objects, underacts ofCongrese, one
million tour hundred and twenty-seveu thousand
four hundred and fifty-soven acres. Total amount
of lauds disposed of within the fiscal year, twenty
five million three hundred aud forty-six thousand
nine hundred and ninety-two acres; which is an
increase in quantity sold and looatod under land
warrants and grants of twelve million two hundred
and thirty one thousand oight hundred and eigh
teen .ores over the fiscal year immediately prece
ding. The quantity of land sold during tho seoond
aud third quarters of 1858 was three hundred and
thirty-four thousand four hundredand fifty-one
acres. The amount received therefore was six
hundred and iweuty-three thousand six hundred
and eighty-ssTOti dollars. The quantity sold the
second and third quarters of tho year 1858 was one
million six hundred and nine thousand nine hun
dred and niniMen acres; snd the amount received
therefor two ■Won two hundredand twenty-six
thousand eighWHindrod tind seventy-six dollars.
The whole number of land warrants issued un
der existing laws, prior to tho 80th September last,
was two hundred aud sixty-six thousand and for
ty-two ; of which there were outstanding at that
date sixty-six thousand nine hundred and forty
seven. The quantity of laud required to satisfy
these outstanding warrants is four million Beven
hundredsttd seventy-eight thousand ono hundred
and twenty acres.
Warrants have been issued to 80th of September
last, under tho set of 11th February, 1847, calling
for twelve million eight hundred aud seventy-nine
thousand two hundred and eighty acres; uDder
acts of September 28, 1850, and March 22,1852,
calling for twelve million five hundred and five
thousand threo hundred and sixty acres; making
a total of twenty-five million three hundred and
eighty four thousand six hundred and forty acres.
It is believed that experience has verified tbe
wisdom and justice of the present system with re
gard to tbe public domain in most essential partic
ulars.
You will perceive, from the report of the Secre
tary of the Interior, that opinions which have often
been expressed in relation the operation of the
land system as not being a source of revenue to the
Federal Treasury were orroneous. The nett profits
from the sale of the public lands to June 80, 1858,
amounted to the sum of fifty-three million two
hundred and eighty-nil e thousand four hundred
and sixty five dollars.
I recommend the extension of the land system
over the territories of Utah and Now Mexico, with
such modifications as their peculiarities may re
quire.
Regarding our public domain as chiefly valuable
to provide homes for the industrious and enter
prising, I am uot prepared to recommend any es
sential change in the land system, except by mod
ifications in favor of the actual settlers, and an ex
tension of the pre-emption principle in certain
cases, for reasons and on grounds which will be
fully developed in the reports to be laid before
you.
Congress, representing the proprietors of the
territorial domain, and charged especially with
power to dispose ot territory belonging to the
United Slates, has, for a long course of years, be
ginning with tbo sdministrrtion of Mr. Jefferson,
exorcised the power to construct roads within the
Territories; aud there are so many and obvious
distinctions between this exrcisc of power and
that of making roads within the Slates, that the
former has never been considered subject to such
objections as apply to tho latter, and suoli may now
be considered the Bottled construction ol tho pow
er of the Federal Government upon the subject.
Numerous applications have been, and no doubt
will contiuue to be, made for grants of land in aid
of the construction of railways. It is not believed
to be within the intent and meaning of the Consti
tution that the power to dispose of the public do
main should be used otherwise than might bo ex
pected from a prudent proprietor, and, therefore,
that grants of laud to aid in the construction of
roads should bo restriotod to cases whore it would
be for the interest of a proprietor, under like cir
cumstances, thus to contribute to the construction
of these works. For tho practical operation of
such grants thus far, in advancing the interests of
the States in which the works are located, and at
the same timo the substantial interests of all the
other States, by enhancing the value and promo
ting the rapid sale es the public domain, I refer
you to the report of the Secretary of the luterior.
A careful examination, however, will Bhow that
this experience is the result of a justdiscrimim tion
aud will be far from affording encouragement to a
reckless or indiscriminate extension of tho princi
ple.
1 commend to your lavorable consideration the
men of geuiuß of oar country, who, by their in
ventions and discoveries in seienoe and art, have
contributed largely to tho improvements of the
age, without, in many instances, seouring for them
selves any thing like an adequate reward. For
many interesting details upon this subject I refer
you to the appropriate roports, and especially urge
upon your early attention the apparently slight
but really important modifications of existing luws
therein suggested.
The liberal spirit which has so long marked the
action of Congress iu relation to the Distriot of Co
lumbia, will, I have no doubt, continue to be
manifested.
The erection of an asylum for tho iusano of the
District of Colombia, and of tho army and navy of
the United States, has been somewhat retarded by
the great demand for materials and labor during
the past summer; but full preparation for the
reception of patients, before the return of
another winter, te anticipated ; and there is the
best reason to believe, from the plan and contem
plated arrangements whioh have been devised,
with the large experience furnished within the last
few years in relation to the nature and treatment
ot tho disoase, that it will prove an asylum indeed
to thiß most holpless and afflicted olass of sufforers,
and stand as a noble monument of wißdom and
mercy.
Undor the acts of Congress of August 81, 1862, <
end of March 8, 1858, designed to secure for the <
cities of Washington and Georgetown an abun- )
dant supply of good and wholesome water, it be- j
came my duty to examine the report and plans 1
of the engineer who had eharge of tho surveys 1
under the act first named. The best if not the 1
only plan calculated to secure permanently the ob
ject sought was that which contemplates taking j
tho water from the Groat Falls of the Potomac, ,
and consequently I gave to it my approval. ,
For the progress and present condition of this i
important work, and for its demands, so far as I
appropriations are concerned, 1 refer you to the ro- '
port of the Secretary of War.
The present judicial system of the United States ,
hasnowboenin operation for so long a period of
time, and has in its general theory aud much of i
its details, become so familiar to the country, und
acquired so entirely tho public confidence, that, if
modified in any reßpect, it should only he in those
particulars which may adapt it to the increased ex- '
tent, population, and legal business of tho United
States. In this relation the organization of the
courts is now confessedly inadequate to the duties
to be performed by them) in consequence of which
the States of Florida, Wisconsin, lowa, Texas and
California, and districts of other States, are in
effect excludod from the full benefits of the gen
eral system by the functions of the circuit oourt
being devolved on the district Judges in all those
States, or parts of States.
The spirit of the constitution and a due regard
to justice require that all tho States of the Union
should be placed on the same footing in regard to
the judicial tribunals. I therefore commend to
your consideration this important snbjeot, whiob,
in my judgment, demands the speedy action of
Congress. I will present to you, if deemed de
sirable, a plan, which I am prepared to recom
mend, for the enlargement and modification ol the
present judicial system.
Theaet of Congress establishing the Smithsonian
Institution provided that the President of the
United States and other persons therein designed
should constitute an “establishment” by that
name, and that the members should hold stated
and special meetings for tho supervision of the
affairs of tho institution. The organization not
having taken place, it seemed to me to be proper
that it should be effected without dolay. This has
been done; aud an occasion was thereby pre
sented far inspecting the condition of the institu
tion, and appreciating its successful progress thus
far, und its high promise of great ana general use
fulness.
I have omitted to ask your favorable considera
tion for the estimates of works of a local character
in twenty-seven of tbethirty-one States, amount
ing to nig million seven hundred and fifty four
thousand five hundred dollars, because, indepen
dently of the gronnds whioh nave so often been
urged against the application of the Federal rove
nue for works of tins character, inequality with
consequent injustice is inherent in the nature of
the propoaition, and because the plan has proved
entirely inadequate to ttie accomplishment of the
objects sought.
The subjects of internal improvements, claiming
alike the interest and good will of all, has never
theless been the basis of mnoh political diaonssion,
and has stood as a deep graven line of division be
tween statesmen ofeminent ability and patriotism.
The rale of strict coustrnetiou of all powers dele
gated by the States to tho General Government
has arrayed itself, from time to time, against the
rapid progress of expenditures from the National
Treasury on works of a local character within the
Slates. Memorable as an epoch in the history of
this subject is the message of President Jackson
oi the 27th of May, 1880, which met the system of
interna! improvements in its comparative infancy;
but so rapid had been its growth that the project
ed appropriations in that year for woika of this
character had risen to tho alarming amount of
more than one hundred millions of dollars.
In that message the President admitted the dif
ficulty of bringing (jack the operations of the Go
vernmentto the construction of the constitution set
up in 1728, and marked it as an admonitory proof
of the necessity of guarding that instrument with
sleepless vigilance against the authority of prece
dents which had not the sanction of its most plain
ly defined powers.
Oar Government exists under a written com
pact between sovereign States, uniting for specific
objects, and with specific grants to their general
agent. If, then, in the progress of its administra
tion there have been departures from the tetms
and intent of the compact, it is, and will ever
be, proper to refer back to the fixed standard
which our fathers left ns, and to make a stern
effort to conform our action to it. It would seem
that the fact of a principle having been resisted
from the first by many of the wisest and most
patriotic men of the republic, aud a policy having
provoked constant strife, without arriving a*, a
conclusion which can be regarded as satisfactory
to its most earnest advocates, should suggest the
inquiry whether tiiere may not be a plan likely to
be crowned by happier results. Without perceiv
ing any sound distinction or intending to assert any
principle as oppoeed to improvements needed for
the protection of internal commerce, which does
not equally apply to improvements upon theses
board (or the protection of foreign commerce, I
submit to you whether it may not be safely anti
cipated that, if the policy were once settled aguinst
appropriations by the general Government fur lo
cal improvements for the benefit of commerce, lo
calities requiring expenditures would not, by
modes and means clearly legitimate and proper,
raise the fond necessary for such constructions a»
the safety or other intereste of their comtnerot
might require.
If that can be regarded as a system whioh, in the
experience of more than thirty years, has at no
i time so commanded the public judgment as to give
it the character of a settled policy—which, though
it has produced some works of conceded import
- anoe, has been attended with an expenditure quite
> disproportionate to their value, and has resulted
in squandering arge sums upon objects which
- have answered no valuable purposes, the interests
> of all the States require it to be abandoned, unices
VOL. LXVI.—NEW SERIES VOL. XVII.--NO. 48.
hopes may be indulged for the future which find
no warrant in tbe past.
Wiiii an anxious desire for the completion of tbe
worka i whioh are regarded by all good citizens
with sincere interest. I have deemed tt my duty to
ii>k at your hauds a deliberate reconsideration of
the question, with a hope that, animated by a de
sire to promote the permanent and substantia! in
terests of the country, your wisdom may prove
equal to the.taqk of dqvising and maturing a plan
which, applied to may promise some
thing better than constant strife, the suspension
of the powers of local enterprise, the exciting of
vain hones, and the disappointment of cherished
expectations.
in expending the appropriations made by the
last Congress, several oases have arisen in relation
to works for the improvement of harbors which
involve questions as to tho tight; ot soil aud juris
diction, and have threatened conflict between the
authority of tho State and General Governments.
The right to oonetruet a breakwater, jetty, or dam,
would seem, necessarily, to oarry with it tho pow
er to proteot and preserve such constructions.
This can only be effectually dono by haviug ju
risdiction over tho soil. But no clause of the Con
stitutiou is found on which to rest tho olaim ot
the United States to exeroise jurisdiction over the
soil of a State, except that conferred by tbe eighth
section of the first article of the Constitution. It
's, then, submitted whether, in all oases where
constructions are to be erected by the General Go
vernment, the right of soil should not first be
obtained, and legirlative provision be made to
oover all Buch cases.
For the progress mado in the construction of
roads within the Territories, as provided for in
the appropriations of the last Congress, I refer
you to tbe report of the Seoretary of War.
Thore is onesubjectof a domestic nature, which
from its intrinsic importance, and the many inv
esting questions of future policy whioh it invof<3q«
connot tall to receive your early attention, I al
lude to the means of communication, by which
different parts ot the wido expanse of our oountry
are to bo placod in closer connexion for purposes
both of dofenco and commercial intercourse, and
more especially such as appertain to the communi
cation of those groat divisions of tho Union which
lie on the opposite sides of tho Kooky Mountains.
That the Government has not boon unmindful
of this heretofore, is apparent from tho aid it has
afforded, through appropriations for mail facilities
and other purposes. But tho general subject will
now present itself under aspectß more imposing
and more purely national, by reason of tbe surveys
ordered by Congress, and now in tho proooss of
completion, for communication by railway across
the Continent, and wholly within tho limits ot tbo
United States.
The power to declare war, to raise and support
armies, to provide and maintain a navy, and to
call forth the militia to execute the laws, suppress
insurrections,|and repel invasions, was conferred
upon Congress, as means to provido lor tho oom
mon defence, and to proteot a territory and a pop
ulation now wide-spread and vastly multiplied.
As incidental to and indispenßablo for tho exeroise
of this power, it must sometimes be neocsßarv to
construct military roads and protect harbors or re
fuge. To appropriations by Congress for such
obiects no sound objection can bo raised.
Happily for our country, its peaceful policy and
rapidly increasing population impose upon us no
urgent necessity for preparation, and leave bnt few
trackless deserts between assailable points and a
patriotic people ever ready and generally able to
protect them. These necessary links, the enter
prise and energy of our people uro steadily and
boldly struggling to supply. All experience affirms
that wherever private enterprise will avail, it iB
most wise for the General Government to leave to
that and individual watchfulness the location and
execution of all moauß of communication.
The Burvoys before alluded to were designed to
ascertain tbo most practicable and economical route
for a railroad from the rivor Mississippi to the Pa
ciflc ocean. Parties are now in the field making
explorations where previous examinations had rot
supplied sufficient data, and where there was the
best roaßon to hope the object sought might bo
found. The means and time both being limited, it
is not to bo oxpcctcd that all the accurate know 1
ledge desired would be obtained, but it is hoped
that muoli and important information will be add
ed to tho stock previously possessed, aud that par
tial if not full report of tho surveys ordored will be 1
receivod in time for transmission to the two Houses
of Congress, on or beforo the first Mon fay in Feb
ruary next, as required by the act of appropriation. 1
Tho magnitude of the enterprise contemplated has |
aroused, aud will doubtless continue to exoitc.a i
very goueral intorest throughout the country. In
its poiitioal, its commercial, and its militury bear- i
iugs it has varied, great, and increasing claims to
consideration. The heavy expenßO, tho great de
lay, and, at times, fatality attending travel by
either of the isthmus routes, hava demonstrated 1
the advantage which would result from iutor-terri- 1
torial communication by suchsafo and rapid moaus 1
as a railroad would supply.
These difficulties, wmuu huve been encountered j
in a period of poaoc would be magnified and still
further increased in time of war. But whilst the I
embarrassment already encountered, and others
under now contingencies to be anticipated, may i
serve strikingly to exhibit the importance of suun
a work, neither these, nor all considerations com- I
billed, oan havoan appreciable value when weigh- i
ed against the obligation strictly to adhere to tho i
Constitution, and fuitbfully to execute the powers 1
it confers, within this limit and to the extent of
the interest of the Goverumentinvolved, it would
Beem both expedient and proper, if an economical
and practicable route shall be found, to aid by con
stitutional moanß in the oonstruetion of a road
which will unite by speedy transit the populations
of the Pacific and Atlantic States. To guard
against misconception, it should bo remarked that,
although the power to construct or aid in tho con
struction of a road within the limits of a territory
is not embarrassed by that question of jurisdiction
which would arise within the limits of a State, it
is novel tholess held to be of doubtful power, and
more than doubtful propriety, even within the
limits ofa Territory, for the General Government
to undertake to administer the affairs of a railroad,
a canal, or other similar construction, and there
fore that its connexion with a work of this charao ■
ter should be incidental rather than primary.
1 will only add, at present, that, fully apprecia
ting tho magnitude of the subject, and sohoitouß
that the Atlantic and Pacific shores of the Kepnb
lio may be bound together by inseparable ties of
common interest, as well as of common tealtyand
attachment to the Union, I shall be disposed, so
far as my own action is concerned, to follow the
lights of the Constitution, as expounded and illus
trated by those whose opinions and expositions
constitute the standard of my political faith in
regard to the powers of the Federal fGovern
ment. It is, i trust, not necessary to say that rio
grandeur of enterprise and no present argent in
ducement promising popular favor will lead me to
disregard those lights, or to depart from that path
which experience has proved to be safe, and whioh
iB now radiant with the glow of prosperity and
legitimate constitutional progress. Wo can afford
to wait but we cannot afford to overlook the ark
of our security.
It in do part es my purpose to give prominence to any
subject which may properly be regarded as set at. rest by
the deliberate judgment of the people. But, while the pre
sent is bright with promises and the future full of demand
and inducement for the exercise of active intelligence, the
past can nevor be without useful lessons of admonition and
instruction. If its dangers serve not as beacons, they will
evideu'ly fail to fulfil the object of a wise design. When
the gr ve shall have closed over all who are now endeavor
ing to meet the obligations of duty, the year IS6O will be
recurred to as a period filled with anxious apprehension.
A successful war bad lust terminated; peace brought with
it a vast augmentation of territory; disturbing questions
arose, bearing upon the domestic institutions of one por
tion of the Confederacy, and involving the constitutional
rights of the States. But, notwithstanding differences of
opinion and sentiment which then existed in relation to
details and specific provisions, the acquiescence of distin
guished citisens, whose devotion to the Union can never
be doubted, has given renewed vigor to our inetitutioni
and restored a sense of repose and security to the pub
lic mind throughout the Confederacy. That this repose is
to suffer no shock during my official term, if I have power
to avert it, those who have placed me here maybe assur
ed. The wisdom of men who knew what independence
cost, who had put all at stake upon the issue of ihe revolu
tionary struggle, disposed of the subject to which I refer in
the only way consistent with the union of these States,
and with the march of pewer and prosperity which has
made ns what we are. It is a significant fact, that from
the adoption of the Constitution until the officers and sol
diers of the Revolution had passed to their graves, or
through the Infirmities of age and woandi bad ceased to
participate acUvely in public affairs, there was not merely
a quiet acqn-escencein but a prompt vindication of the con
stitutional rights of the States. The reserved powers were
scrupulously respected. No statesman put forth the nar
row views of casuists to justify Interference and agitation,
but the spirit of the compact was regarded as sacred in
the eye of honor, and indispensable for the great experi
ment of civil liberty, which, environed by inherent diffi
culties, nas yet borne forward in apparent weakness by a
power superior to all obstacles. Therels no condemnation
which ibo voice of freedom will not pronounce upon m
should we prove faithless to this gr.at trust.
While men inhabiting different parts of this vast conti
nent can no more be expected to hold the same opinions,
or entertain the same aentiments, than every variety of
climate and soil can be expected to furnish the same agrl
cultural products, they can unitelo a common object and
sustain common principles essential to the maintenance cf
that object, l'be gallant men of tho south and north
could stand together during the struggle of the Revolution;
they could stand together in the more trying per od Which
succeeded the clangor of arms. As their united valor
was adequate to all the trial! of the camp and dangera oi
the field, so their united witdom proved equal to the great
er task of rounding upi n a deep and broad basis, institu
tions, which it has been oar privilege to enjoy, and wblev
er be our moatsacred duty to sustain. It is but tho feeble
expression of a faith strong and nniversal, to say that their
sons whose blood mingled to often upon the tame field,
during the war of !Bi2, and who have more recently borne
in triumph Ihe flag of the country upon a foreign soil, will
never permit alienation of feeling to weaken the power
of their uoited efforts, nor interns! distentions to para
lyse the great arm of freedom, uplifted for the vindication
of self-government.
I have thus briefly presented such suggestions as seem
to me especially worthy of your consideration. In pro
viding for the present, you can hardly tail to avail your
•elvea of the light which the experience of the past cast*
upon the future.
The growth of our popul&Von has now brought us, in
Ihe destined career of our national history, to a point at
which it well behooves ns to expand our vision over the
vast prospective.
The successive decennial returns of the centu since
the adoption of the Constitution have revealed a taw of
steady progressive development, which may be stated, In
general terms, at a duplication every quarter century.—
Carried forward from the point already reached for
only a short period of time as applicable to the exist
ence of a nation, thle taw of progress, if unchecked, will
bring us to almost incredible reeults. A large allow
ance for a diminished proportional effect of emigration
would not very materially reduce the estimate, while the
increased average du-ation of human life, known to hare
already reiulted from the scientific and hygienic improve
mentsof the past fifty years, will tend to keep up tbrougla,
the next fifty, or peihape hundred, the came ratio of
growth which hat been thus revealed in our past pro
gress; and to the influence of these causae may be added
the influx of laboring masses from eastern AakawJW
Pacific tide of ou poseeseions, together with the probable
■ ac -ession of the popuJatlo.it already existing >h ether
p.'rt’ ct our hemisphere, which, wfth n the period in
question, will feel, with yearly increasing force, the na
tur. 1 attraction of so vast, powerful, and prosperous a
confederation of self-governing, repoMiot and will seek
the privilege of being admitted within its safe and happy
bosom, trfn ferring with themselves, by a peaceful and
healthful process of incorporation, epaefous regions of vfr
gtn and exuberant toil, which are de-tlned to awarm with
“he fast-g owing and f.st-tpreadlng millions of our race.
These considerations seems fully to Justify the presump
tion that the law of population above stated will con
tinu* to act with uudiminbihed effect through at least
the next half century; and thatthousanda of pereona who
already have arrived at maturity, and are now exer
cising the rights of freemen, will close their eyeeon the
spectacle of more'ban one hundred millions of population
embraced wii bin the mij sitlc proportions of the American
Union. It is not merely as an interesting topic of spe
culation that I piesent these views for your consideration.
They have important practical bearings upon el) the po
litical duties we are called upon to perform. Heretofore
our system of Government has worked on what may he
termed a miniature scale, in companion with the develop
ment which it must thus assume within a future so near
at hand ai scarcely to be beyond the present of tbs exist
ing generation.
It it evident that a confederation so vast and so varied,
both in numbers and in territorial extent, inhabits and
in interests, could only be kept in national cohesion by the
strictest fidelity to the priocipleeof the
understood by those who have adhered to the mostreilrlc
ted construction of the powers granted JsSLPff'fiiSj
. the States. Interpreted and applied according to those
principles, the great compact ajaP 1 * wl h lfe»t>»
ease and freedom to an unlimited txteneion of Uut b algo
system of federative self-government, iof whichit l ls onr
, glorious and I trust immortal
■ redoubled vigilance be on our guard ageioet yielding to the
temptation if the exeiclsoof doubtful powerr, even uod r
the pressure oftbe motiree ofcone ded temporary advan
tage »nd apparent temporary expediency.
The minimum of federal goverumeni, compatlb e with
the maintenance of national unity and efficient action in
t our relation* with therm of the word hould est rd the
rule and measure of construction of eurpowc a under the
general clautet of the constitution. A spirit of st let de
, foresee to the sovereign rights and digoity of every State,
1 rather then a disposition to snbordine'e the Stater Mo a
5 provincial relation to tbo central authority, should ohar
iciertoe ail our exercise of the respective powers tempora
» rily vested in us as a sacred trust from the (envois 00 M
s dtsce of our cooitituntr
In like m toner, u a manifestly Imltipooslble condition
of the perpetuation of the Union, anu of the nallaati n >f
that magnlficectnaUouilfUtvre adverted to, dote the do J
Decotne yearly stronger and clearer upon ui, at ci liens of
the several tititea, to cult rate afralernal ano afle.t c. to
spirit,language,and conduct, in rogaid to othir Stott ’,
and to relation to the varitd intt rest, inatitu ini a, and nr b -
Its of sentiment and uptnlun which may rtapec.fully char
acterise them. Mutual forbearance, respect and noroni
ter terence in our person al actions o’emena, an an enlar*
red exerciseor the moat .Ibcral principh a or c.u it) In mn
puolic dealings of stale aith State, whether in legalall n
or in the exteutloa o' laws, are the means to perpetna a
that confidence and fraternity, the decay oi which a ntrn
political union on so vast a scale could not long survive.
In still another point of view is i n Important practical
duty au.geatedby this considerailon ol the magni.ode’f
dimensions to nbicb ourpolitioal ay rein, with its onrres-v
ponding machinery otgorernmrm,i< so rapidly expanding.
"‘t“ l “cieastd vigilance docs it require us to cultivate ii a
cardinal virtues of public frugality aLdcl!lcl«l Intcgri V
an j purity. Public affairs ought ro be so conducted tint
a setu.dconviction shallporvacc the enthe Union ihat
nothing short of ibediighest lone and siandaid ofpuo o
morality marks every part ol the administration and leu
islaUon OUhe General Government. Ihusviill the fiM j
ral aysteui, whatever expansion time and progress may
give It, continue more and more deeply rooted in the leva
and confidence ol the people.
That wise economy, whichii as far removed from par.
simony as from corrupt and corrupting extravigance, ti at
single] egard for the pnblic good, which whlfrcwn open ■ U
aiteu.psto approach the treasury aith inn to rpioje ts
of private interest cloaked under public pretexts; ih.t
sound fiscal administration, which, inti e legis stive i),«
pat tment, guards against the dangerous temptations inci
ted to overflowing revenue, and, hi the executive, main
tains an unsleeping watchfulness against the tendem > of
all national espendltures to extravagant e- wbili they ara
admitted elementary political dutite, n.ay, 1 trust be net m •
ed as properly adverted to and urged, in view ol the u:o a
impressive sense ol that neccssiiy whi his directly sugger
ted by the considerations now presented.
Since the sojournment of congress, the Vice President
of the United States has passed from the scenes ofeart ,
without having entered upon the duties of the statkii tu
lerhick he had been called by the voice of his countrymen,
.tigering occupied, almost contir.uuusly, fiiranorctl" n ibir
ty ycari.aseatiuoneor the other of the two l.aus.s if
Congress, and having by his singular purhy auu wisdom
secured unbnun ted confidence and inlveis tl .respci t, hia
.failing health was watched by the nation with nStmul so
licitude. His loss to the country, under all the circumstan
ces, has been Justly regarded as trrepartle.
tn complt.nee with the act <.f Uougress of March *2,1E88
the oath of office was adtr mistered to him ou the S4th of
that month, at Ariadne estate, near Mutans is, in the Is
land of Cuba; but his strength gradnlly declined, a- ti wan
hardly sufficient to enable him to return to his home in
Alabama, where,on the eighteenth day of April, In ihn
m, at calm and peaceful way, bis long tiud eminently useful
oarccr was terminated.
Entertaining unlimited confidence In your int(lll,ent
and patriotic devotion to the public interest, und being
conscious of no motives on my part which are not insepar
able from the honor and advancement of n.y louutry, I
hope it may be my privilege to deserve and secure, not
only your cordial co operation in great public measures,
but also those relations of mutual confidence and regurd
which it is always so desirable to cultivate between mem
uers of co-ordinate branches of the Government.
FRANKLIN PIERCE.
Washington, Decomber 8,1658.
Powerful Comuimation against “Turkey?” —
The intelligence this morning, that u powerful
combination has been entered into in llio United
States, threatening the very existence ot Turkoy,
will Blartlo thousands of sympathizers in her mis
fortnnes, and excite universally the inquiry, why
the authorities at Washington, who buvo known,
through the most reliable and olhciul channels,
thatsuoh a conspiracy was projootod mid maturing
did not interfere to deieat the unhallowed enter
prise !
A more wide-spread combination, wo aro now
convinced, having dooumontn before db which ad
mit ot no question has never been started in this
country, having the openly avowed design of aid
ing in not only the subjugation but tho utter an
nihilation of a nation that never did us a wrong I
Tho conspiracy is not confinod to Ailnntio cities
or to the Gulf, the hut bod of Tillibueteroee and
blood thirsty adventurers ; it bus arms in no loss
than twenty-tour States, and in the number ot
ihousauds in each who aro aiding it by ttaoir sym
pathy. money or missiles of destruction, are com
prised, wo are grieved to say, of many of those
who have generally been regurded os peaceful und
law abiding, and till lutoly, have Intel all their sym
pathies enlisted on the side of Turley, and against
the Northern Bear /
The organisation and concentration of the en
terprise, is in each of tho twenty-four States cOn
tided to a chief, who has his subordinates in every
town, whom he directs in their movements by
proclamation from head quarters, and so olothoa
in the phrases of benevolence and charity, as was
often tlio case while organizing tho luto Cub n ex
pedition, as to bind tbe uninitiated to the real cha
racter of the design.
To those who thought they knew tho man well
it will bo intelligence surprising enough to be ad
vised that at the head ofthh) combination in Ohio,
wbioh is probably to day more formidable than
in any interior Statu, stands our own Governor,
Col. Wm. Medill! He has long been u politioul
and persona) friend of ours, but no consideration
of that character would justify us in hiding the faot
that A ait a leadtr in the bt- ody drama that is pro
jected / His own proclamation, bearing his ..wn
well known signature, accidentally fell into onr
hands and his guilt is dear 1
This very day, all the branches of the expedition,
throughoutthe country, are to hold a meeting, and
we are well assured that, whatevor attitude Eng
land and France may assume, theßO American oun
spirators intend to go for the comploto dissection,
and diviaion of Turkey! They wifi then order the
band to strike up:
“Harkl theTurkiee’plaintive erics!
Puddings rare, ar.d pumpkin pies:
Chickens fat, and doughnuts round,
Hlssli g, swelling,
Sweetly smelling,
Sweeter momorles upwelllng
With the sound,
Hail, Thanksgiving! and good living—
May they everywhere abound.”
We’ll take a wing, tho breast, a thigh bone a little
stuffing, m.'thing else .'—tin. Enq., Nov. 24.
From the Albany/ (A. I’.) Evening Journal,
Nebraska Territory—Wllmot Proviso.
Nebraska has stood at the door of tho Uttiou sev
en years. At every session of Congress a bill to
“organise tho territory of Nebruska has been tuken
up—and laid down again. Her inhabitants will
ronew their application at tho coining seuan n, and
it may be a subject of debate.
The objection to Nebraska—lor there is but one
—is a simple one. By tho terms of tho “ Missouri
Compromise’’ all territories formed out of tho oouu
try north of latitude 86 deg. 86 rniu. nro to bo free
from “ lnventionary servitude.” This, tho South
not only agreed to, but proposed twenty five years
ago. The proposition was adoptod and has boon
adhered to. But now it is intimated that the law
must be rescinded, or Nebraska cannot couie it.
It is to bo noticed that in this oaso, if there is to
be “aggression” it must como from the side of Sla
very. If the Union is again put in danger, it must
be by some proposition from the south side of 86
deg. 86 min. Tho advocates of the admission of
Nebraska do not seek fora new “Wilmot Proviso.”
They do not want any legislation for freedom.—
They only occupy tho ground the “ Hunkors" and
“Union Men" have ulwuys taken. They stand by
past “Compromises and the Constitution.” They
ore in favor of Gen. Gass’s “ non Intervention ”
principle. They do not go beyond the principles
laid down at Castle Garden in 1850, when the
“Union” was most iu “danger.” They do not agi
tate the slavory question, and all they ask of their
opponents is, that they shall not agitato it. Let
us see who will.
The N. Y. Express publishes the above, and
Bays:
We do not intend to comment upon those arti
cles. Why should we ! The South don't want any
friends in the North , acoordiug to tho “ Kaleigh
Standard,” “ Charleston Mercury,” “ Mobile Ks
gister,” “ lllchmond Enquirer,” <fcc., &c.,—but
Nebraska being just now a tangible point, wo can
not help quoting the following from John Boss, the
Cherokee Chief’s late meisogo to the National
Council of his Nation; and wo do it the more
readily, because John Boss stands high among the
sentimentalist-ion men of the North :
“You will have leurned through the public prints
that there was a bill before Congress to cslublish a
new territory to be oallod tho Territory ol Nebras
ka; and although that bill failed to become a la w,
yet tbe recollection of tho events which led to our
removal from tho Eust of the Mississippi river to
this country, and ofthefhot that the boundariesin
dicated for the proposed territory of Nebraska
would, if established, encroach on the lands of the
Cherokese, may well awaken in our minds serious ap
prehensions as to our future quiet and security.
But holding, as we do, the repeated assurances of
llie Government, aud tire stipulations of solemn
treaties, that tbe lands of the Cnorokoes shall nevor
be embraced within the limits ol auy States or
Territory without their consent; it cannot bo sup
posed that any such encroachment on our rights
would bo deliberately and intontionally made
by tho Government. I‘would suggest, however,
the propriety of entering a solemn proteet against
such an attention of boundaries of any State or
Territory as would in any degree oontravoue the
rights guaranteed to tho Cherokee natiou by the
Governmentof the United States.
The Rerent Grow th of Cincinnati.
For the last lew yearsCincinnad has grown at a
rato so astonishing as to bafiio one’s ideas of what
its future greatness really is to be. Since 1840 Its
regular increase has been 10 per cent, every year.
Thin is now a period of 18years, and if it keops on
at the same rate 17 yeare more, then it will have a
population of more than 800,000! Lotus look at
the data that loads to this result. Since 1840 there
has boon three regular census and a fourth, for tho
present year, has been made ont us a near ap
proximation by tho names in tho city direotory. If
we put these four census In 6ne column, aud the
regular increase at tho yearly rato of 10 per cent,
iu another, thon we will have tire following roetilt
—tho census verifying the past and future cstima
lions; _ ,
Year. Census. Estimations. <
JS4O 40,828 46,828
1845 74,008 74,7u8
1860 120,800 120.165
1858 100,186 160,118
1855 1»3 748
1857
1860 812,004
1808 ■‘15,276
1865 502,488
1867 608,004
1808 787,684
1870 811,452
From 1840 to tbe present year, we perceive by
tables that there has been a surprising regularity
in tbo increase, at ten per cent, per annum. The
two columns have an almost exact correspondence.
Therefore wo may pretty sa'oly conclude that, un
less there be somo revulsion In tbe prosperity of
the country, aA there was in 1887, the growth of
that city for tho next 17 years will be at the same
rate as in the lost 13; iuhl at that rate, as we find
by the table, it will nSnt to the great sum of
more than 800,000.
Tho wealth of Cincinnati increases more rapidly
than the population. Six years ago the real oatate
of the county was valued by the tax assessors at
140,582,760. This year there is an addition in tbia
valuation of |4O 897,080; showing an increase in tha
item of real estate, of one hundred per cent, in six
years During this time, in the whole State of
Ohio tho value ol real estate has increased from
1476 000,000 to *9011,000,000. This is about 76 per
cent ’increase. A very large proportion of this In
crease ie caused by railroads, which afford an out
let for those very fertile lands to the markets, and
thus enhance their wine.—Journal of Commerce
Akxrican lKOKHunrr— Mattbiis that Almost
Think.— Among the multitudinous objects in the
patent office at Washington, and which is evidence
what skill can do, is ati Invention that picks up
pins from a confused heap,darns them all round
with their beads np, and sticks them in papers in
regular row*. Another machine goes through the
whole process of cigar making, taking in tobaooo
leaves and turning out the perfect article. One
machine outs cheese, another scours knives atnl
torks, another blacks boots, anolhcr rocks tbo
eraille, snd seven or eight take in washing and
ironing. Another patent is for a macl ine that
counts the paeseuatrs in *n obnibus and takes
th- r fan ; when a fat man gets In, it wonts two,
nd charm s double. There is a variety ol guns
hst had Themselves, also a fish line tl a’ arljueta
i'sown hail, and a rat-trap thar kills ai d t rowa
I»av the rat, and then hails and sets Itself, and
-tand in the corner for another.— Knickerbocker.
We regret u- roam tnst asonoi Mr. J B. Nixon,
of this city, was accldehtally shot our gunning
yesterday afternoon in our harbor, the oontents of
his fowling piece having been discharged into hie
right arm, while he was drawing it from the bot
tom of the boat to sboot at a duok. He remains ia
a precariou* situation.-CtoM. Owner, 7<A.