Newspaper Page Text
\VTLLIA M S. JON ES.
I ii.U) if.'L-Ii ci SENTINEL,
v.'r-
Ig r. wK£ILY
(• iverv W«4bm4a|
A ( rw o ]) > l A PER ASHES
, rfw ; . w r;a ii)x.g us leu Dollar*
«oßeyear,thu»fnr-
U ‘V 04LLAE9<
, J . _, O r ,., oc us /* r<s mfcscriber*
OK R O H\ CL i = 17^1ntinel
..... a\ ! l* T;i?' -iSEL¥.
subscrlben
~ if, Ai)TlftTlßllCi
r y«er square (l© llntf or
-r,*i for each snbse*
J)T> ; £7<Arx:-i \ :> CL zELEATED LIYEB
« - . i,;U». r Cotnriftfnft ana D>#
t” ,uu ID: >1 <»cbc,Costivenes c , Foil
- . jxi*u i. a:i'r calm#; Bilious
£}/, ,;,• j - V. t arrHUve aud wnlc, and
> tntih'i liiljnf* ' ictln* vr*Ji oa the Liver and
result of al
:• itu •-»*•
-t f»r-w»ar*at®l'* n g oowesS
-.i 4 , 4 t,-<L r -$»/ f -E «•« M» auu kt.iu«ys.
, nr I.iir i>r m■ ' . ritfnr
At * rerit • • riv’ ' • ' 1 i,-t reused with alogular
; -r-' . • ij ijpeptlcMedicine, and
1 can and do re*
, A./. m • * .ted. I 'on iierit invaioa*
/. , . , think it should be
it. ? .-I: v s AiiucniT Hull.
>iy*. • r . i vai.<m enable* me fully to
7 a C I lc >■•■ k - v-ruor - tate of Georgia:
I 'Z4»bJune,lß64.
ry. t , ■ , ~• Htorea in this
phoe for j u-jr •«.r.;;ahi« Liver M • i.ciaes and find that ills
not kept h i'i hiiv; fvend nothing equal to it for ob»
Btrun-: h v‘r ■■ r> • :, ; o.- Icjjc'or youth* money
f, .. .... . , . , trivc * iti!d it tome in some
ira-’ vv'i w. * • sty 'ou you ought to take
-a
r c . ( 4 nil .• ho *ugj/*:rt to jrott, that smaller
doVt i* , ’ i s , iTd answer a better
v J rejornmende*! in
Ihc dirt... . - . ; .. • u\l eb'.-ald nippoae,might
V-?; ■ » ••‘fj]iy,'yrui«[ Cult-. J. McDoKALD.
Tu\n \ iV\ 00 J- VJ«.a,Ga.;HAVILAND,
lU > i i AVIJ AND. IIARR.AL
t. :'V \ : ■' vV nt - Sold by Drog
" RPig-^y
'.r 7 ‘V-Vfufenfe^
£ r - * . ' ' , • I'oti •t. Hr-.w
--' ... ... ;k Our ;'tock will at all time*
the Plan-
, te . r ' • J.O. KAMKY,
J
QU3BE A.ND LiVRRY STABLE,
/\ < fw .<KM 111 (iUl.tiV, ha., S: uatd
V i-a..h iai“, vast cl l eOoirt-Uotise.by
* Oil mi V *.g,\ • • •y t 0a.,1n54. oil
- f Bacon A Raven,
A. . C New York,which
tre war
iu. -Mj country or Europe.
• •/h.. mv.. ■ t *■ u- .:.w*«*taer.Ufaihlon,andfreahfrom
|h fl -• r cash or
' . . OATI£ CO.'S
‘ , r.r’, P-u *i >. ..IMaalc Depot,Broad-st
. t • j : .
f : 3v v.' Ki-::t-5Vi i-'' .• »arto and complete
. v .sNTB.OJLS, GLASS,
i i'— r GiP.Y, 5 5 7/YE > T.'i?s. and FANCY
AlT’.'iC ‘ f. in -person, with the
groat? -■>' \ f on* t iarjjei ■ i . ntre and Manufacto
r i ‘ ’ „*a! tv r.nd chenpness
i, ;' i .vOeotfullvlATiio the at
* Tslciana to hie
%:v ,v j. . b. ' 1
...3A tiH; : . ;!Tls YOB ESDGIHG.
J-. ■ - i T< r for i sle, during the
A ' t C. 0.. t AyficaU-..; ilSoclety,”
r ... ...;,JCtiKi-OiiNOri’I.ANTS,
of/.- yrottlh,a«:taiilo forgetting out
SMIt in the
.v:d permanent
ij .. 1 yearj. Paaiphlets, de
nd training the plants,
iious of engaging
sir, .-.RpMOkS,
v. J It Anguata,Ga.
""Mittoi M iF^AVULMiA.*
- -■ - ’ Us GEORGIA.
A*r • vO'i,:.; a Tennessee ritODUOE
o? ’.ACOi7, LARD. CORK, FLOUR,
(> - •». V- . . . j , ,li .holce SEED OATS,
now - 3.1-kB included.
atiafat ’).y refe
. D, ABBOTT AGO.
’t* X L j -_'21 :i -_ fS-wly
ga 2 turn re-^R
•re u ;■ >- . 'i. LAWRENCE A—
' with in
v . -..itlord every
. ... The very strict
■ , to in the neighbor
■. . • . .• ,js*. • ! in t mcH'.i.ig couvryancea. The
, . • mvrkably healthy,
.. - : .-t mag ni licence.
i■ •. ihe D.B. Branch Mint
!i.u t > Hueh as never bad the
a ■ ? roceae es Coining money.
• -- • ; .r'-rcJu- »<ifo satisfaction to
agl Q-wly
10 PHYSICIARS.
? , -r in .v'.'ig to Mnrida, I offer for sale
• ; vil: =:\ of Sli. C irrael, Abbeville
: . i r nr been the centre of '
•: f 7 otlce; It i* in the
.• . >;ad wealthy community,
’v : commanding, beautiful and
t it be fbnnd In wh aeoiion of
i River on one side,
. • . : the it woo ij of Abbe
: uu aei. -:n fails to be kept
5 • I ‘ the premises a‘e a
* . v roo* , » d all the necessa
-■ a, servants* bouse, store
- i d corn crib; and
•t • v '.at! **. ftout'dar.t njpplyof as good
Vi.*- . •» • ; .-id r- c i>istrict. to the purchaser 1
- • \r- • -.ever v r.actbv r ollcme within the
r^ 1 r ■. rruei, Abbeville DleC,B?o.
UARRIS, MAGAUA St 00.,0f
A Dear:. . v --. ;c.-.bui o. ut;. •, w.ia dissolved cn theflnt <
•«. ! tbo firm wifi W .-loMd I
«.« . ■: r<>Ki) Ai.rowe, ]
J HN UAB.US,
Jl>.- MAGAHA.
. r- WART UKOGti, j
. M. I
L'cLlfigALS AND RETAIL DEALERS
? ; ; Ui.A I t ->t ADI'. CLOTHING,
M. t 4J. re»pc< JUliy invite theft rus
. angers v.sHing Augusta-. call
r k < t REaDY MADE CLOTHING—
’tNf. .. u .7. V- • * igfaciory prices. They
8 - . . I'RAV: as, GLOVES,SUBPLND
c.‘ .:. c'-s for Gentleman^
: . th . n29-w
*Y .-> ■ < Pkvyt me, cx&t. 88<f, 1354.
CIVIL EKGXNKEEIHQ.
r jp » , ;ei wNI undertake ii> ruake the surveys, ,
.1 . , .u \i* 'ns, e* mutes, contracts, Ac.,
. v': s• • • -.’ •, f ,ar»Jr, or RHliOftdf, ar.,l Factory
' . . : intend fae slruction of the
fatne, if rv<iuii-ed.
isn..; nr ( m anus, desirous of obtaining the eer
. v . n. ~ u> cnnuaeoee cperttioos about tie
Ift otJantvrw'u\ i.lease address
.. ui nM ram. : 3, Civil Engineer,
di' 1. Ga^
IEACHEE WANTED,
“1 ,% PARK charge o' <>. ? ! c,i *t Vau a Valley Acad-
L , v; r the ensuing ye .r. '. . To*che. must N» well
tv . •Y n. i.U.An. A ty -O i.!»\VARI> WARS,
j H vail s south of Rome.
STOP TBS EDNA WAY.
RAX AWAY frcm t Suh> -bt. ion theg^
19th al; , a gray Horse MILE, Almostl Wags*
White, eY; ’iy a: :r. v . 1 mil, and shod V*®
ah mu; 1. ;r«’\ . ds FSdftngfrrtfc
A. a i*. We > d him nf a itlt mv; fro a Tecnetsee, who
*aui t : , .csv v < Pace ; it is very .stly he is making his
way m r.v reward will be given to any perron
frraU or ta&rmaian given AdJrof#,
1L i S. ATYAWAY,
js7-trS e-s UUtrict,lfcsrkoeo, Ga.
c 5 RKWABB•
RAX AW A \ f.'. m t x a .We- .ber, oc the S.th
• • » nv: e Cum
c' JoISEV, at ;»n. i, voiy stcat and black,
. -
and Aa.-uru. The fi 'fe reward '.nil t
! v\,. i. :, . ciiaru, or J. W. Mere
d.;h. • Angus: a, vr i- .;ay isle jail *o I can get her.
. .. „ #> *. KNIGHT.
si6 &EWAED.
Recr, in Jefferson m
i July, my me no wo- lb
6
iJi
*• * f '• -• • -verses iatelHgenUy. the
; ■' •* i talking. The above
-
- * t .a. r, or 1 will pay $lO
L*r uv .vc to me -r -••.■'•- . vl rajail »o that 1 get
bt r . -i. T. itAV, Spread Oak, Ga.
a* ts
* WD Hf DOLLARS E2WABXL
1)1 ■— * • t ; .. .'-.ur, ia § .
-*V # W eu. i'2:i iciL, my Ne- J®
y.urs or nge, b-Tl
t/ v ;.*c, weigls ilcJBSk
" . ' . ; : -t. Tl . above reward Will be
‘ - :‘O** -y eafejaii wo that I get
. ...
4—l' t.*’.. i» •kliingion county, Ga.
SCO &ET&&ED.
11Y: :' < ' , . i y.r.V ri residing .3^
, Mvrrj!, i-t Acmat last
**' * • r rr tzc. Us i
J?r Y£Sr£
to d vvo me,or u> aayjaA sv tUav i gnbin.
j£«t-wvf , JOHN A. HaJLRIfi.
The wu! publish UU forbid, and far
wardaijcoamtto this .‘Scafor want.
U.-0 EJKWAKD.
FOB a .vunarul ea! W hintst * |WILLIAM GRAVES,
i..iiKvrr' MAH. .-.bcu; 14 ..r.-ishigh. The above
»»Vaic -» : - to r;y Slat wUthv ?ih iuat., *nd hired the
C , • v tv u-~v ur; days, *nd kusotje’- uturned The
r r.-ard w . - u. ■■• ith -" tfc'.ra, or for either, or
«r* ’-ifcr i«tion a*.’ dat 1 g-t them.
JAfi- P. MMIO.
IjBEEKSLOEO’ hotel.
TUh fuoew--* - piifjiaeed the wmicrly
ktn- ts a MoU‘ oy Mr. SmM in the centre Jr
g- *, '‘-.• c •<s r . ci yj %,fi •... te: h e Court • l oaw, an d con •
Tfchier.i to t£e Depot. H iViog t; ed it »p with
new farotitore h .r II >parv ao tff rt£ in tuiriatexing to the
c&flcfv-rvs ....; • -nd mat re git worthy the p^rcn*
aav u i.'> fm.A . ... w ii,» travel ling pubhc. The House
wd Lt , v-. !-■> u»« r-.tv-n of gutotfon the first cay of
January. t dS4-wlf] N. fi. WlLfiOh.
PEALiiCE OP BUEGKBY.
DB.JUIU VH HAIUUbb s j rup-red to tceoaco*
dare wi;. Lodj..>. 0 * ua fuel, p&twuts as
may be directed to Mm for barru vi operaCwhs or treat
aaecvw Msuas fi ma;- tc ae--ar«c that their fiervaaif we
S**k fv|rf atte&tian. aji-wly
Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel.
1355! THE 1855!
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR
A MONTHLY JOIBNAL,
j DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF
Southern Agriculture , Horticulture , Stock
I Breeding, Poultry. Bees. General
farm Economy fyc.
fija'lrated with Kamerons Elegant Engravings*
OND DOLLAR A YEAH IN ADVANCE
LEE, M. D., |
jEDMOND, Correepondlng Editor.
I The j.itcenth Volume will commence in
January, 1855.
Tub Cultivator is a large Octavo of Thirty
two pages, forming a volume of 384 pagee in the
year It contains a much greater amount of
r iding matter than any Agricultural Journal in
the South—embracing in addition to all the cur
rent Agricultural topic iof the day, VALUABLE
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS from many
I of the most intelligent and practical Planters,
j Farmers, and Horticulturists in every section of
J the South and Southwest.
TERMS OF THE CULTIVATOR;
ONlicopj one year, ::::::: 4 1.00
65X copiei -00
TWENTY FIVE copies, : : : : : : 20*0©
ONE HUt F KKD copies,: . : : : : : 75.0 C
-— '-Pmrf** . #r?TTdWfSf "rigidly adhered to,
and in no instance will the paper be sent unless the
money accompanies the order. The bills of all
specie paying Banks received at par. All money
remitted by mail postage paid, will be at the risk
of the publisher. Address
WNI. S. JONES, Augusta, Oa.
Persons who will act as Agents and obtain
Subscribers will be furnished with the Paper at
club prices.
CdARLSSTON PREPARATORY MEDI
UAL SCHOOL.
; UK AOt llTIf MFHfelO* of this School wli begin on
A the first MONDAY in April,and will terminate on tte
iOl o. Ju y. Tmj different Chairs will be occupied as fol
lows:
Anatomy and Physiology, by F. T. MILLS, M. D.
inslitu a *n;l Practice of MeJicine,by D. J.CAIN,M. D.
Mut.ria Medica and Therapeutic*, by F. PEYRJS POR
CHKR, M. D.
Obstereus and DLeascs of Women and Children, by 8.
L. LOCKWOOD, M D.
Principles and Practice of Surgery, by J. JULIAN
CHISOLM, M. D.
Clinical instruction will be p-iven at the Marine Hospi
tal* and a the Aim House, and the Hopsr Hospital, it is
hope 1, will toon be in operation.
Amopg the patieDts of the Teacbets, the students will
have access to all cases to which they can with propriety
le admitted, and such as can be brought to the Lecture I
Koorn will there be exhibited and explained.
Obstetrical cases will be shown to the student?, who will
l> allowed to conduct them under the superintendence of
the Tea he s. By which means they will become acquaint
ed with the practical deta ls so essential to the successful
management of such cases.
A complete course on Operative Surgery will be deliv
ered before the class, and each student will have an op
lortunity of himself performing the various operations
upon the subject.
They beg leave to state also, that each department is
illustrated by preparations, models, specimens, colored en
giaviogs, etc., to which additions are made from time to
< line, as the increasing success cf the School fully warrant*.
In .‘-.h rt, every opportunity will be afforded for acquiring
practical a wtll as theoretical knowledge of the Profession.
During the session of the Medical College of the Btate
of goulh Carolina, the Students will I e examined regularly
on the Lee ;ures delivered ic that Institution. Further par
ticulars may be obtained by applying toany of the Teachers.
Students should have no fear of spending the early sum
mer month* in Charleston, as the city is remarkably
hvai'hy except when yeilow fever prevails, which never
c immtnces before August or September.
Price of the Course (including examinations on the Lec
tures delivered at the College in the winter,) sto.
We are authorise I in stating that those Students who
have followed two fail Coursts of Lectures iu a Chartered
. cho«l of McdiMue, of which the last shall have been in
the Medical College of the State of South Carolina, will be
permitted by the Faculty of that Institution to defsr the
period of their examination for graduation from March
until J uly, on showing a certificate of attendance upon this.
*Dr. CAIN is Physician cf the Marine Hospital, and
will give his particu'ar attention t j the members of the
:iass Jalß-2amtApl
THE LAFAYETTE CLASSICAL AND ENGLISH
SCHOOL.
'■MttK KXKUCItsK* of this School will bo resumed
A MONDAY', January ICtb, 1865.
The s . bolesite year will consist of 40 weeks, and will be
divided into lvr> sessions.
The Principal will be issisted in the Mathematical De
partuunt by Rev. R. M. BAKKk, A. M.
It is i .tended that this Institution shall not be surpassed
in its moral training and sound schcUiship by any in Che
rokee, Georgia. It is located in one of the moßt healthful
und moral villages m the Btate, possessing easy access to
the Western A Atlantic Kai road, and free from all the
usual temptations to vice.
TUITION FOB TUB FIHST SESSION OF TWENTY-FOUR WEEKS.
f polling, Reading, Writing and Mentral Arithmetic,! 9 60
Geography, Arithmetic, English Grammar and Al
tebia 14 40 j
And- nt Languages, the Higher Branches of Math
ematics, Mental and Moral Philosophy, and the .
Natural ticlences 19 90
TUITION FOB TUB SECOND SESSION OF SIXTEEN WEEKS. (
Bpell ng, Reading, Ac $6 40 (
Gwgrapny, Ariinz&ettc, Ac 9 60
Ancient Languages, Ac 19 80 *
It is important that pupils enter the school at the begin- J
ning of the pession. Tuition will be charged from the be- *
ginuing of the month during which the pupil enters, until (
the er.d of the session, except in very peculiar cases. t
Board can be had at $8 t er month. (
JOHN. W. BAKEB, A. M., Principal. (
LAFAYKTTK FKMALK SCHOOL. j
THE EX EEC 18 Ed of this School will be resumed the 3 sth j
of JANUARY, 1865,under Misi 0. H. MERRICK,a Grad
uate of Mount Holyoke Seminary, and whose experience ,
and suv’casu in teaching commend her to the public. Tbe
School will be unde the general superintendence of Kev.
JOHN W BARER, Principal of the LaFajette Classica
and English School, and no pains will he spared to make it |
worthy of public confidence.
TU h MS: 1
Reading, Writing and Spelling for the flrr t torsion ,
of *24 weeks $ 9 60
Arithmetic, Geography, U. S. History and English
Grammar 14 40
Latin, Algebra, Geometry, Physiology, Logic, Boia- |
ny, Ancient and Modern History, Mental and
Moral Philosophy* 18 00
Reading, Writing, Ac., tor the second session of 16
weeks 640 j
Arithmetic, Geography, Ac., for the second session
of s xieen weeks. 960 1
Latin, Algebra, Geometry, Ac., for the second ses
sion of sixteen weeks 12 CO
Tbe Musical Department is under the direction of Mies
L. ATWOOD, who was instructed by the best Masters in
Boston, and who is an accomplished and thorough Teacher
of Vocal and Instrumental Music.
Music, use of Piano included, #SO 00 per annum.
LaFayette,G>., Dec. 26,1854. ja!B-wlm ,
PALMETTO ACADEMY.
'YMIK exercises of this Institution will re-commcnce on
1. the first of JANUARY next, under the superinten
ded eof M. li. Looney, as Priuoipal. with competent
Male and Female Assistants. Tho reputation or Mr.
Loouey, as a Poacher, is so well established that it would 1
be superfluous to say aoy thing in rcfeienco to bis ability
in bis profession. 1
Every oranch of eduoation ordinarily taught in Schools,
Music and French included, will be taught, and taught
well. The prices of Tuition are very low, and board can
be had at from $7 to 910 per month. .
J. U. WKATHERSBY, Seo’y of Board.
Palmetto, Ga., Dec. 6,1 S&4. dT-tJaBl 1
EMORY COLLEGE.
rxillß Exercises of this Institution will be resumed om j
A the ITth proximo. The Faculty is o .instituted as foL
lews: .
Kev. A. MEANB, M. D., D. D , President and Professor 1
of Chemistry and Geology.
GCSTAVUB J. ORE, A. M., Professor of Mathematics i
and Civil Emgiceering. f
Rev. W. J. BAS NETT, A. M., Professor of English Lite- \
rature.
Rev. LUTHER M. SMITH, A. M., Professor of the Greek }
Language and Literature.
Rev. GEO. W. W. STONE, A. M., Profemor of Natural
Phi osopbv and Astronomy.
W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M., Profsmor of the Latin and
French Languages. „
The Preparatory School Is under the c. arge of Mr. *. M.
PULTON GUBTAVUB J. ORR,
Secretary of the Faculty.
Oxford, Ga., dd7-w4t
WOODLAND FKMALS COLLEGE, CEDAR
TOWN POLK OOUNTY, GA.
'T'UK first term of this Institution will commence on
1 the FIRS l MONDAY la FEBRUARY next.
FACULTY:
W. B. CRAWFORD, President and Professor of Moral
and Mental Science.
J. D. COLLINS, Professor of Natural Science and Lan
guages.
Miss VIRGINIA YIRDERY, Professor of Music.
WM. A. MERCER, Principal of Primary Department.
Prof. CAM LLE LxUAKDY, cf Charleston, will be en
g ged to give instruction in the Preach Language, and in
rawiut and Painting.
The Scholastic Year will consist of but one term —of ten
months—commencing on the first Monday in February,
and closing on the third Mo day in November—which
will be Commencement Day. Pvptrs may be entered fox
half the term, (five months) or for the full term.
TUITION:
First Class sls per term.
Second Class 20 “
In the College 40 ••
Music, (ose of Putnc included) 40 u
Half the tuition to be paid in advance, in oash, or note
—the balance at the end of the term.
Mr. WM. A. MERCER will have charge of the Board
ing Department. The price of board will be ten dol
lars per month, everything included, exo*pt candles.
Board may also be obtained In private families in the
1 village.
Per f&rtber infer mat.on, address WM. PECK, or Rev.
J. M. WOOD, Agents.
By order of the Board of Trustees. nSO-wfim
GEORGIA SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL
INSTITUTE.
8. J. STEVENS, Principal.
J. M. DJSBY, Teacher in Sciences.
F. DbLAUNOY, Drawing and Engineering.
B.S. BARCLAY, Music.
THl£> Institution, near the dty of Rome, will be opened
on MONDAY, JANUARY 22d, 1555. The Ancient
and Modern Languages will be taught, but the main de
sign wili be to furnish facilities for acquiring a thorough,
practical knowledge of the Sciences, and their applica
tions to cseful arts.
The evurse o: study will embrace Engl sh Literature,
Mathematic*, Natural Science, Drawing, Engineering,
Mechanics, Architecture, Agriculture, Commerce, Lan
guages and Music.
The Institute will be provided withChemioal and Phi
losophical Apparatus, Engineering Instruments, a Cabi
net of Minerals, a Laboratory and Library.
:: .istees believe that the healthfulness of this local
:.y, tl e practical system of instruction, and the efficiency
! of the Teachers, present advantages not surpassed by any
similar Institution. They invite special attention to the
completeness of the Scientific and Agricultural Depart
-1 menu under the charge of Mr. DEfiY.
. Beard can be had in good families on reasonable terms.
Tuition, f4O per annum. French, German and Spanish,
1 each flO extra. Mask extra.
J. H. LUMPKIN, 7
H. V. M. MILLkR, [ -
ALFRED SHORTER, f
W. 8. COTHRAN, j
Tor Circular?, address Principal.
Rome, Ga., December 6,1864. jaS-wSt
US&.3 ACADEMY. LKXISGTOB, GA
TUB exercises of this Academy will be resumed on the
firs:MONDAY in JANUARY* next. The able and
, efficient Teachers In each department will be continued for
another year. Board can be in the viiige on
rettocAble van*. GEO- R. GILMER,
i d9Q-wHn Chairman Board of Trustees.
ELSR&TOH MALE ACADEMY.
i .?©* cf this Institution will commence on
. A the second MONDAY IN JANUARY next, ttadtr the
sup-.nnyet.danee of J. a. TRRNOHARD. This gentleman
e *P*rieacs as a teacher, and comes
recosil for skill and abili-
ecmjwwnt u tor in c^.
r l h«tMmh»tihi« iaiuta
f wUI o«Mk w mj kit oSifS IS.
cLx»«Ur. Tb, h«w I. “d p T “
•u a; l«l, Uu TlUj . H be*;ibj ; aor»l
e anu can be had at cheap rats*, la good family
wm. a. Bwirr,
. JETT THOMAS,
e s WM. B. WHIT!
HENRY P. MATToA,
L. H. O. MARTIN,
J. H. JONES,
db-w&C WM. M. MCINTOSH,
V42GOD BOOT and SHOE MAKER, of good reputation
to » brietj, industry, Ac , can get employment to.- a
• ENT ““ re *
W EEELY
CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
GEORGIA AND OHIO.
SPEECH OF MR. STEPHENS, OF GA.,
In lieply t-j Mr. Campbell , in the Route of Represen
tatives, Januaf y 15, 1855.
Tho House being iu tho of the Whole
on the slate of the Union on the .Pacific railroad
bil!—
Mr. Stephens, of Geoigia, said:
Mb. Chairman; i do not propose to discu s the
Pacific railroad bill. Somo weeks Bgo, air, tbe
gentleman from Indiana ( or. Msec) gave notice of
his intention to introduce in this House a bili to
prohibit slavery in Kansas end Nebr&ckr, and ac
companied that notice with a speech, to which I
replied. To the remarks th*n submitted by me,
the honorable gent email from Ohio (Mr. Catnp
beii) made a reply. That speech of the gentleman
from Ohio has been, according to the notice which
he save, considerably amplified and elaborated, as
it appears in the Globe. It is to that amplified
and elaborated speech that I intend to devote what
1 have to eay on this occasion.
Mr. Campbell. It is very true, Mr. Chairman,
ai the gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Stephens) re
marks, that I did, pursuant to notice, amplify and
enlarge my remarks, as is usual, under similar
circumstances, btili, i r is certainly but just to uie
that the gentleman shoaid couple with his notico
of the iuct, the farther truth that I permitted hi in
to elaborate, juatas much ns he desired, the va
rious remarks made by him during the hour allot
ted to mo. I submitted to him all the notes of that
speech, and gave him the opportunity of making,
in Ms r&rrarks, ail the alterations >h.\t he desired
; . i.u i even after the pioo. heeto were
prepared, I again extended tho same courtesy to
the gentleman, or rather, I made the proposition
to him, that he might amplify jast as much as ho
desired. I wish this statement to go with the sug
gestion of the gentleman from Georgia.
Mr. Stephens. If th 3 gentleman has no other
more pertinent interruption to make during my
remarks, I trust be will permit me to proceed with
out thus encroaching upon my time.
It is true, Mr. Chairman, that I revised and
corrected that portion of the remarks made by
myself. It is true that the gentleman submitted
the proof-shoot of his speech, as printed, to me,
but 1 did not choose to reply in tnat way to any
matter, except such points as were drawn out in
the debate between us on this floor, in that speech.
1 chose to reply hero, and in the way I now pro
pose to do. This is what I was just going to state
if I had not beon iuterruplod. As to the amplifi
cation of his speech, 1 ao not object. I d’d not
state the fact in tho spirit of objection. It is not
to that point I wts speaking. But this was my
object in stating the fact: Inasmuch as, in the
speech published, I do appear to have appeared
and taken part in a discussion with tho gentleman
on some points; and, inasmuch as there are many
matters elaborated in the published speech, which
are inserted Before my answers to the gentleman’s
interrogatories, it may, to some not aware of th*
roason, seem strange I made no reply to the
fontleman upon these points. It is for this reason
made the statement, and it is for the purpose of
replying to tho gentleman’s statistics, 1 now desire
to occupy some of the time of the committee. I
do not object to the gentleman’s amplification.
Not at all, sir. But, sir, l have something to say
in reply to those statistics, which were not ex
hibited by the gontloman on tho floor. I have,
sir, a groat deal to say in reply to thorn ; and I
thoromre avail myself of tui * opportunity—the
earliest that I buve had—to reply to them. I have
more to say in reply to them, much moro than I
can speak in ono hour, the limited time that I
have.
Bat, Bir, before going into the given iu
tho forepart ol the gentleman’s speech, in .7hioh
ho attempted to reply to some of tho positions
assumed by mo in answer to tho gontloman from
Indiana, [Mr. Mace,] 1 wish to state a few things
iu p asing ; and I will here say that, so fur as my
consistency is concerned, (tho main object of the
gentleman’s attack,) I have nothing now to add
to what I have heretoloro said. My record may
stand as it is made up. 1 have no desire to change
or modify it in the least; nor oven to cross a tor
dot an i. By it, as it stands, lam willing to abide
while living, and by it to abide when dead. It
was not made for a day, or far an election, but for
all time to come. But to procee..
The gentlemen from Ohio, in tbe tenor of his
argument, makes me use language which I did not
utter on this floor—or, at least, ho seems to put
words into my mouth that 1 did not use. Now,
when an argument is not stutod fairly, it argues
either a want of comprehension, or a conscious
ness ol tho want of capacity or ability to answer
it on the part of one who thus fails fairly to pre-
Bant it. Either alternative does not bespeak much
for the formidable qualities of an opponent. I
have, Mr. Cuairman, Loo high a regard for 'he in
teliigenceiof tho gentleman, to think that ho did
not understand my argument. I behove that his
object was rather to size the argument to his capa
city to reply to it, as lie supposed.
For instance, Mr. Chairman, the gentleman a?ys,
in his speech, “wo are told that tho South gets
nothing", that the South asks nothing.” Now, sir,
in my reply to tho gentleman from Indiana, [Mr.
Muoe,] I spoke of the great fact, woll known, liv
ing, and “fixed fact,” that the industrial pursuits
of tho South do not, in the main, look for the pro
tection or fostering caro of tho Government, and
that the gonoral industrial pursuits of the North
do. I did not say that the South gets nothing, or
that tho South asks nothing. I enid that tho South
asks but few favors; and I repeat it, sir. Nor am
I to be answered by being told that General Jack
son and Mr. Clay—southern men—wore in favor
of fostering, as far as they could by proper legisla
tion, the interests of the North. That does not
disprove the fact which I utterod, that tho South
does not generally look to tho Government for
proteotion, and that the No** l * l d-Des. Sir, it rather
proves the opposite, and confirms my statement.—
Bee*use I stated that tho industrial pursuits of the
North look to the Government for protection, is
that statement disproved by the foot that southern
men, or oven mysolf, have voted to favor thoso in
terests, as far as was consistent with public duly ?
Bo far from disproving, it tends rather to establish
it. What I stutod on this point was in reply to
the gontloman from Ind ana, [Mr. M«oo,] whose
tone of argument was, that, tho South carried
moasnres promotive of their interest by bluster.
But, sir, to come down to the argument as the
gentleman states it! If he cannot or does not
wish to meet mo ou the ground that tho Bouth asks
but few favors, as I stated it, and that North
does look moro to the Government for its foster
ing care te protect its various interests than tho
South does, very woll, 1 will meet him on his own
ground. If he cannot answer my position, but
must size my argument so as to make it stand as
he has it, that “the Bouth asks nothing, and gets
nothing,” 1 will como down even to his ground, so
far as his answer is concerned.
The gentleman says, in tho first place, putting
tho lauguago in my mouth, “the South asks no
thing, gets nothing:” and ho then roplios “cer
tainly not.” and refers us to tho acquisition of
Louisiana. And thou, putting the words in my
mouth, again he says: “The Bouth asks nothing.”
“«The &nUh asks nothing T In ISOB, we paid fifteen
millions to get Louisiana.
“ * The South aske nothing P In ISI9, we paid five
millions to get Florida
*“ The South asks nothing /’ In 1545, her policy
brought Texas into the Union, with a promise that she
might carve herself up into five States.
“ ‘ The SjUth asks nothing /” Her Texas annexation
brought the war with Mexico, and more territory was ae
manded ss ‘thefruits of that war.*”
I think he does great injustice to the North ,
when ho says that the acquisition of Louisana was
for tho exclusive benefit of the Bouth.
Mr. Campbell. It is true that, at the time I
made a reply to the gentleman from Georgia, I
caught the idea which he presented, that the
South asked nothing, from his manner of expres
sion, and those were the words which I used at
tho time as they were reported.
Mr. Stephens. I cannot yield t« the gentleman
unless he t>e very brief.
Mr. Campbell. 1 call tho attention of tho gen
tleman to what he did say. Ho did say, as re
ported, “all that we ask of you is to keep your
hands out of our pockets. That is all tho South
asks, and wo do not even get that.”
Mr. Stephens. Yes, sir. Tho gentleman will
And not ouly thoso words, but others in my speech
“as reported,” all going to establish tho leading
point in that part of the argument, that the South
asked but “few favors” compared with the wanta
of the North. That was my position, and not that
we asked “nothing” or got “nothing.” Borne of
these favors I specified ; but, in fho main, I as
sorted, or meant, in substance, to a»aert, as every
ono well understood, that the greatest desire of the
Bouth was, that tho General Government would
keep its hands out of her pockets. And this is
true; aud the gentleman did not attemp to reply
to it, except as I have stated. I come now, then,
to the gentleman’s reply to the position that tho
South “asks nothing”. To this ho sayp, “th*t we
paid $15,000,000 for Louisiana.” To this I say, it
was not the Bouth alone that secured the acquisi
tion of Louisiana. Nor was it alone for tho bone
fit of tho South. There wore but twenty-three
votes in this House against, that. annui*itinn. It
was a national acquisition. Sustained by national
men from all sections, there was hardly a show
of opposition to it from any quarter. I should
suppose that Ohio would be the last State in this
Union to raise her voice against that measure, or
hold that it was exclusively for the benefit of tbe
South. What would have become of h6r trade
and commerce if Louisiana aud the mouth of the
Mississippi wore still in the hands of Spain or
France f If the fifteen millions of money, which
we paid, be the grounds of the gentleman’s objec
tion, ail that has been more than refunded by the
sale of public lands embraced within the limits of
that acquisition. These sales, up to this time,
have amounted to $25,928,732 23, besides what is
yet to be realized from the hundreds of thousands
of square miles yet to be sold. So the fifteen
millions was no bonus to the South, even if the
South had carried the measure for their own
benefit.
Again, was the acquisition of that territory made
to extend the southern area of the country i Let
us examine this view of the subject. What extent
of territory was comprised within the limits of
Louisiana ? It extended not only far up the Mis
sissippi river, to lowa and Minnesota, but west
ward to the Eocky Mountains, even, without now
mooting the question whether Oregon was not
then acquired. Grant, for the sake of this argu
ment, that Oregon was not then acquired. The
Territory of Louisiana stretched from the extreme
south on the Gulf to the extreme north on parallel
49 c of north latitude. All that immense aomain,
including Kansas and Nebraska, was part of it.—
Was all this southern territory ? The object of the
gentleman from Ohio in alluding to this subject
seemed to be to intimate that all this acquisition
was for the South. But how is the fact ? Let us
look at it. By this acquisition, taking all the In
dian territory into aocount, the South acquired oniy
231,960 square miles, while the North got by it
667,599 square miles! la this the way that the
South is to be taunted ♦ When the very acquisi
tion, held up as the taunt, brought more than dou
ble th e extent ot territory to the North than it did
to the South!
Again, in the acquisition cf Florida, the gentle
man says that the South carried that measure at a
a cost of 96.000,000. This is the tenor of his argu
ment. Sir, this measure was not carried by the
South nor for the South exclusively. There was not
6ven a division in this house on the question. As
to the extent of the acquisition, if we did not get
Oregon when we acquired Louisiaia. we certainly
acquired it when we purchased Florida. It was by
the treaty then made that we got Spain’s relin
quishment to Oregon. The North, by this meas
ure got 608,052 square miles ol territory, including
the terriiorie* of Oregon and Washington, while
the South got oniy th State of Florid*, 56,2*5
senate mile*. If tbe South earned this question
hr her eotee, I ask were those who gave the votes
eeotionai in their policy 1 Did not the South, if
that be the gentleman's argument, gam quite as
much, nay, more, nay, double, nay, more than «ve
times an much territory for the horth in that ac
quisition, as she obtained for herseif i Again, in
the ac.-csition ofTeaas, considering the Uei.osn
war as*part of that proceeding, as the gentleman
doa_, the Bouth only secured .87,664 square miles,
! wbije the North secured *52,157 square miles, in
[ ! eluding (Jaliiorr-ia, ,\e« Mexico, and
The g.-ntleman says, that the fiortn is opposed
' 6c acquisitions; that she caver looks outward, she
AUGUSTA, GA. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 31, 1853.
j looks inward—and that wblie 'he South is always
looking to the extension of territory the Korth is
| looking to the impro ement of what we have,
i This, so far as looking to acquisition is concerned,
■ 1 think, is not true ot the North entirely. It may
bo true o: some men there. But it is not true of
| a!i her statesmen. In the early history of this
I country, there were men st tho North, and one iu
part cuiar, who had no such circumscribed views
as those attributed to the North generally. The
man to whom I allude stands first, in my opinios,
o. all the Norihern otatosu en of his day. Indeed,
he stands, in my judgment, sm Dgst the men of
ins day, next to him who has no equal m any age
or country. That man hailed from New York,
and for strength of judgment, for profound thought,
for far seeing statesmanship he has never been
eq usled by any of the illustrious men since brought
upon the public arena by that honored State. That
man, sir, was Alexander Hamilton; and at tho
fort; ation of our Constitution, after that provision
in the original draft, that new States to he formed
cat of territory then belonging t. the United
States might be admitted into the Union, tres so
m'-dlSed as to leav* out tbe reelriouoc, so that
other Slates (not confining it to then territory of
the Union) might come in, Mr. Hamilton is said to
hav-j expressed the opinion, wish approbation,
that, iu time, we should get Florida, Louisiana,
Mexico, and even ultimately squi S to
wardsSoutfc America. That was the mao, sir,
who, in hia day, was, every mob es him, n " Samp
son in the iiald atd a Solomon in counoil.” Nay,
more; he was one of those gifted geniuses who
caught from the “sunrise of life” that “mystical
lore" which ouablcd him to sea those coming
events which were casting their “shadows before.”
I take Ibis occasion thus to speak of Mr. Hamil
ton, because ho i. a most striking exception to the
gentleman’s romarr, aud aIBO, because in his day
it suited the purposes of many of his cotempora
ries to delr&ot from his merits, hia namo, and his
cliMßCtor; men who barked at his heels, just as th*
rVjl—tend th hyu...,s upon th. track ol the
noble king of tho forest; men who never mot him
in open conflict bat to bo vanquished, and many
of whom oven quailed from hi. presence.
But, sir, let us took, for u moment, to all our ao
quisrtiot.s So fares Louisia'raisooucernsd, ifthe
gentleman bogrnjgos tho money paid for it, even
if it had not been reimbursed by the sale of lands,
tbe State of Georg.a, alone, has long since more
than paid that debt bv her munificent grant. She
coded to the United States that large territory out
ot whioh the two flourishing States—Alabama and
Mississippi—have'since been made; out of which,
and from whi h, you have realized, by sale of
lands, much more than the whole cos. of Louisiana.
1 have now before mo a table of the proceeds of
tho sale ot tho public lands in the States of Alaba
ma and Mississippi. It am: uoti to $82,236,812 18;
the consideration paid to Georgia was $1,250,000;
with the extinguishment of the Indian title within
her own limit;; sllthisamountedtoabontsll,ooo,-
003; so that if it be the am ,unt of money that layß
heavily upon his breast, it may be some consols- J
tion to the gentleman to know that from this grant
by Georgia, a southern State, you hsvo a clear
gain of over $20,000,000.
But, let us look at all our acquisitions. There
sre now, according to tho i snsus report, belonging ,
to the United States 2,988,166 square miiee of ter
ritory—including States oid ana new, fs well as
Territories. There have been acquired outside ’
of tho old thirioon States, 2,599,105 square miles. ]
Os all those 2,699,105 square miies thus acquir
ed, there lies north of the lino of 86 deg. 80 min., j
1,845,701 square mbes, and there lies south ol it j
but 758,404 square miles. Here, sir, take Louisi- ]
ana, take Florida, take Texas, take all our ncqui- <
sitions, the Georgia aud other State grants or ces- (
sions, leaving out the Mcsilla Valley, acquired at j
the last session of Congress, whioh is a smell item !
and you see this astounding fact, in answer to the
remarks of the gentleman on this point, that
1,845,701 squaro miles of these acquisitions lio
north of 86 deg. 80 min , and only 758,404 He
Bouth of it; If all north of 86 deg. 80 min. is to 1
be considered northern territory, then tbe North '
has got by acquisition more than double what tho 1
South has I 1
Will the gentleman, then, pretend to anewer mo,
whon f say, that the South asks but few favors,
by pointing to these acquisitions? Wore these
especial, peculiar, and great favors to tho South I
When I have shown that they wore carriod by pa
triots lrom all sections of the Union, and tliat
more than double the square miles acquired north
of thatjlinc which is usually referre 1 to as defining
northern and southern limits ? Am 1,1 say, to be
thus answered in the face of these facta? Sir, if
the wild boy in the forest, with his bow and ar
row, were vain eno igh to imagine that he conid
bring down the moon by tho prowess of his arms
as a huntsman, and should as vainly make tho
attempt, ho would not oorno further short of his
mark than the gentleman from Ohio does by let
ting fly such a shaft as this, either at me or my
argument.
But again, he asks, who was it, at the last sessiou
of Congress, who desired to place in tho hands of
the President $10,000,000 lor the acquisition of
Cuba? I can say to him that I did not, and if
thoro is any gentlomau upon this floor from the
South that did, I did not know it. I know of no
such movement in this House, either at midnight
or open day, or any other period of the twenty-four
hours. But I tell the gentleman, in passing, as ho
has alluded to Cuba, that I am for the acquisition
of that island. I believe its acquisition would
promote tho boat interest of the island aud of this
country; and tlmt it would promote the interest of
Ohio more than of Georgia. I am not governed
by sectional feelings or interests on this qaoation.
Its acquisition would advance the interests of both
countries; and it would advance tho interests of
tho north quite as much, if not moro, than the
South, so far as its trade and its commerce is oon
oorned. But I was not, and am not, for nutting
$10,000,006, «• any other i.un,, I- tie hands ot this
Administration to bay it. Ido not believe that
thoy desire it. I have novor believed that it was
either their wish or policy to obtain it, as several
of the most ardent friends of Cuba on this floor
very well know. I gave them this opinion long
ago, when some of them questioned its eorreotnesa.
Tho sequel will show whether I was right or not.
But, sir, as I have been drawn into saying thus
much on this subject, it may be proper that I should
say more. lam not for this acquisition upon any
plan or principles inconsistent with tho strictest
national honor and national faith. But I am in
favor of a repeal of thoso laws on our own statute
book which make it penal and punishable as a
crime of high grade for an Amerioan citizen to take
part in any revolution that may take place in Cuba
—any effort of the people there to throw off Span
ish domination and oppression ?
If tho people there wore permitted to exorcise
their own free will aud volition, unawod by the
superior power of Spain, as 1 am informed and
beliovo, they would not remain a day, much less
a month or year, longer, under the heavy taxes,
burdens, and exactions of that country which
now claims their allegiance only to oppress and to
plunder them. And if they do thus desire to
throw off the yoke of their oppressors, why should
wo punish American oitizons for no roason bat
aiding them in their patriotic attempt? Why
should wo keep the poace for Spain ? When did
she, by her conduct towards ns, put us under
such obligations? Was it when she he'd the
mouth of the Mississippi, or Florida? Waß it
when she armod tho savages of the frontiers
against our -undefended people! Was it when
she nurtured iu her bosom such enemies to our
peace—such wretches as Ambristerand Arbuthnot
—w om General Jackson had to hang without
judge or jury ? W hen, I say, did Spain, by her
comity and good neighborhood, put ns under an
obligation to punish our eitizena for aiding the
native Cubans not only to rid themselves of pres
ent heavy and onerous burdens and unjust imposi
tions, but to prevent that ultimate destiny which
French and English polioy had conoootod for them ?
Iu this matter 1 may have a littie more sympathy
for my own raoe than the gentleman has. Why
should wo hold while Spain skins! I feel no dis
position to stand by and see ope of the fairest
islands oi tho world—the Queen <Jf the Antilles—
despoiled, rifled, and plundered, and then made
a St. Domingo ora Jamaica of, any more than I
would to see a stately ship, well freighted, pillaged
by piratos, souttlod, and then sont adrift to sink,
without ono hand to save.
This, sir, is pretty much the present condition
of Cuba. She is now undergoing tho pillaging
process; how soon she will be scuttled and sent
adrift to Bink I know not. Sir, Sr. Webster, as
early as the delivery of hia Panama speech, inti
mated very Btrongly that the policy efthis ooantry
never would or oould allow Cuba to pass into other
hands than those of Spain. Mr. Everett in his
celebrated and most masterly letter on the proposed
tri-party treaty, very dearly follows up the Bame
view. And Mr. Clay is generally understood to
have maintained, until the day ot his death, that
this country ought to go to war rather than permit
Cuba to fall into the handß of England. But who,
sir would not infinitely preset to see England hold
it, than to see her polioy carried out of extirpating
the white raoe there and filling the Island with
Guinea negroes and African savages ? If the first
would justify a national war, the iatter may, in my
opinion, much more justify us inharely permitting
such of our citizens, as see fit, to prevent it, if they
can. If such a coarse should bring acquisition by
tbe free choioa of the people of Cuba, without
consulting Spain, I say let it bring it. It is a mat
ter in which I should be governed much more by
tbe wishos of the people of Cuba than the interests
of Spain.
Oar trade with the island is now large; bnt this
would be greatly augmented it it were part ot this
country, and under our laws. We should not only
be relieved of the heavy duties paid on our exports
there, but the produotions of the island oonsumed
in this country would be largely increased, and her
capacity to consume our produots, agricultural and
manufactured, be increased in the same ratio. I
have a document before me that gives the amount
of duty levied and paid now on our exports there
upon being introduced into the island. On beef it
is $3 14 per barrel; pork, (4 83 per barrel; hams,
$S 14; lard, $4 19; lumber, $5 60; hoops, $8 89;
coaches, $261. lint I cannot read all. The same
document gives the price of a cargo, shipped from
New Orleans to Havana, of floua, hams, and lard—
valued at New Orleans at $6,121 £2—on which the
duties paid wore $8,028 98. This cargo was made
np ofsnch articles as Ohio producas in abunds-ce.
These are her stapler. Would it not, therefore, be
greatly to her interest to heve the same access to
the markets of Havana as to New Orleans? I
cannot now dwell, indeed scarcely refer, to the
vast interest that shipping men and merchants
generally, as well as manufacturing capitalists,
have in this acquisition.
Eo far as the African and slavery is concerned, I
ask the gentleman, and the candid of all parties
everywhere, whether the condition of that pop
ulation would not be better under our Government
than under the Spanish Government f If there be
real sympathy for the African, and real opposition
to what is called the atrocities of the slave trade,
would not that trade be immediately abolished on
the island becoming part of the United States ?
View the subject, therefore, commercially or po
litically, as it affects interests North or Sooth,
what rational objection can there be to it ? Why,
then, shonid gentlemen be opposedfto it either in
open day, or, if need be, at midnight!
Mr. Chairman, I did not intend to dwell on the
subject as long I have done, I only intend to make
a very brief reply to the gentleman’s remark about
a ten million affair, of which I know nothing; bnt,
in passing, I have taken occasion to tell him what
lam for. A.nd 1 1 epeat, in conclusion on thia point,
that, on tne score of humanity, on the score of pub
lic interest and statesmanship—indeed, in every
point of view, where is the objection to the ac
quisition of Cuba, if it can be honorably and properly
aca aired! I see none, but an obstinate, fixed
and blind dogmatical nonsense.
With this digression X pass to those other points
in the gentleman’s speech to whieb I wish to reply.
In the remarks submitted bv me, Mr. Chairman,
on the occasion referred to, I made an exhibit of
statistics, ehowing that Georgia, with less than half
the population, with nearly a third leas land in
quantity, and less than a third in value, compared
with Ohio, not only equaled, but exceeded, that
State in her agricultural produotioms, acoording to
the oeneus returns of ISSO. This I did, not for
the purpose of showing, as the gentleman argues,
that ths labor of an African stave is bttUr calcula
ted to develop the natural resources of a oountry
than the labor of an American freeman, but for the
purpose of showing the utter futility of the argu
ment against Afrioan slavery founded npon the
assumption that it ia inconsistent with sneh devel
opment, even in a highly prosperous degree. It
was from no unkind or ungenerous feeling towards
Ohio, her people, or her interests, on my part, that
I selected that State for the comparison. Ob the
! contrary, it was because J locged npon her as one
I oi the most, if cot the most, prosperous of ell our
1 mil them States; sad, saw, tweauae fieorgit sad
> I Ohio a e both eohmiatly agricultural States. The
i comparison of S-s , « s engaged in similar pursuits
is much better ;o the working of different
systems, tcaa iHut of B ale* wnose people follow
different pur«ni;». So much, then, for my object.
* To the tis’. iUcj exhibited in pursuance of that
object, f. .hat object only, tho gcntiemin has
mada an es borate reply. That reply it is my pur
pose cow to review.j
What I Baid on the former occasiou, together
with the presented, I have before
me, and aiientiofl to*t. Hero it is :
‘‘l had sometime since, lor another
purpose iha:i tue present, to look a little into the
statistics of Georjfiv compared with those of other
States. I exlcc'ed the State of Ohio, because it
w&o one of the mwt prosperous of the North
—often idyled, and, perhaps, justly too, the Giant
of the Wect. Acco *ui.£ to the census returns in
1860, Ohio had of >ved lands 9,851,493 acres,
Georgia had only 6 : £73.4»9 acres; the cash value
of the Georgia Jane, eo improved aud under cul
ture, was 195,753,440, while the cash value of the
Ohio lauds was retarned at $353,758,608—0hi0
had nearly one third moro land ia & state of im
provement than Gootg ia had, and returned at more
than three times the oash value of the Georgia
lands. Tho whole population of Ohio was 1.930,-
829, the whole population of Georgia, white and
black, was 906,135 The population of Ohio,
therefore, was moro thsn double that oi Georgia.
Here we see her free labor more than double in
number, workirg oue tuirJ mors lanj, worth, by
valuation, moro than it ree times that of Georgia.
From these elements?, might not bo suprisirg to
sea her agricultural p, ocucts greatly exceeding
those of Georgia, withotf resorting to the ‘ourso
of slavery’ to account ,>r it. But how stand the
facta? Ohio produce* a following artioles:
Wheat 14.417 J ■ baa. al 80cent5..511,689,880
Buckwheat “ 40“.. 966,2*4
Indian corn 50JSr V “ $0 “.. 17,628,608
t 91MSV
Barley 1.... “ 60 .. 177,179
Oato.. 18,479.749 «• 95 «• .. 8,868,182
Peas and beans... 60,165 “ $1 “ .. 60.16 S
Irish potatoes 5 1 67,769 “ <0 “ .. 9,028,1( 7
Sweetpotatoes.... 187,991 “ 00 “ .. 98,995
Tobioco 10,464,449 lbs. 7 “ .. 781,811
Cloyerseed 108,197 bns. $4 “ .. 412,748
Max 446,982 ibs. 10 “ .. 44,693
Flaxseed 189,880 bus. 76 “ .. 141,660
Maple sugar 4,888,209 lbs. 6 “ ~ 275,292
Molasses 197,8'. Sjals $6 “ .. 69,057
Wine 48,207 “ $1 “ .. 48,207
Garden products returned in money, valut... 214,004
Orchard “ “ “ “ ... 6*6,921
Aggregate $88,187,695
“This ii»t includes noarly every agricultural pro
duct of tho earth in that hrate except hay, whioh
is omitted, because in Georgia, there is no return
for fodder, whioh, in that State, answers the same
purpose of hay in Ohio, ts food for stock. Tho
quantity of eaoh product produoed is given from
the census tables. The values runout are such as
are believed to be the usual average values of each
article in that State, except tho products of gardens
and orchards, whioh ere taken from tho tables—
no other values are put upon the produots in tho
tables. _ The estimate above stated ia believed to
be a fair one. Now let us take up the returns for
Georg;n and place upon them a iiko estimated
averago value. Here we have :
Wheat 1,083,584 bushels at $1 00...* 1,088,584
Indian corn... 80,080,09? “ at 60c.. 15040049
Cotton—balee... 499,091 400 lbs. at Sc.. 16,970,912
Bice 88,960,691 lba. at 4c.. 1,568,027
Peas and beans. 1,142,011 bushels at *1 00... 1,142,011
Sweetpotatoes. 6,986,423 “ 950.. 1 746,607
Irish potatoes.. 927,873 “ 60c 118,689
Oats 8,820,044 “ 87X- 1,432,516
Cane sugar 1,612 hhds.,looolbs„6c.. 98,520
Molasses 216,150 gallons at 25c.. 64,087
Orchard, prodnets of 92,766
Garden, prodnets of 76,600
Aggregate $86,414,168
“An account, so far from falling under that of '■
Ohio, as might have been expected, actually ex- £
ceeds it above a quarter of a million, without ex- '■
tending the Georgia list to rye, barley, tobacco, and t
other articles which are prodnood in that State.— 1
Away, then, with this prating cry about slavery’s t
paralyzing the energy of a people, and opposing *
the development of the resources of a oountry.” f
In commenting upon those oxhibits, or teblo3, *
the gentleman iikts no objection to the items of t
products, except tlt> article of hay, which, he says, f
ought not to be omitted in the Ohio list. He i
complains, however, of the prices or values, and !
the basis on whieh the estimates are founded. ■
He objects to putting Georgia wheat at one dollar, 1
and Ohio wheat at eighty cents. This is what he f
calls a “sliding scale.” He insists that tho pro- 1
ducts of both States should be placed on the same *
scale of prices. This is what he calls tho basis of *
equality. On this point wo are at Ibsuo, and, in 1
determining this issue, lam willing to abide by the 1
principles laid down by the ablest writors on <
political economy. The basis of my calculations, <
was the usual or average rates or prices in each -
State, at that time. I aid not make those calcu
lations to answer tho purpose of an hour speech *
hero, or an electioneering campaign. But I based 1
them upon principles that will stand the test of J
time, and which oan nevor bo successfully as 1
sailed. If the committee will indulge me, I will <
givo the gentleman the principles referred to. I 1
read from Adam Smith : f
“ There is in every society or neighborhood an 6
ordinary or average rate of both wages and profit <
in every different employment of labor and stock. 1
“There is likewise in every sooioty or neighbor- <
hood an ordinary or average rate of rent,” &c. *
Again: >
“ These ordinary or average rates may be
called the natural rates of wages, profit, and rents,
at the time and place in whioh they commonly <
prevail.” . 1
Tho same principles ’"i-ldnwn hx all writers. i
upon .u : -SC.S shbjjui . .cna upon .thick the '
value of any products of industry are to bo, or I
should be, estimated, in comparing one country ,
or State with another, is not that of equality as the
gentleman proposes, but the ordinary or average i
rates or values at the time and places respectively.
I gave the ordinary average values of tho Georgia
produots at the time, soon after the oensns was '
taken, and the place—Georgia—where they wore r
produced. I did tho same by Ohio.
Here, sir, I might leave the subject, so far as
the principles aro concerned upon whioh the esti- -1
mates wore made, and bo far as the gentleman’s
objection to the sliding scale is concerned; but so J
far as the justice or correctness of tho scale
adopted for Ohio products is conoerned, I have
this to soy: That ii there is any inaccuracy in it, *
or injnstioe done to Ohio by it, os a whole, no
one is more chargeable with it than the gentleman s
himself. And this I say in my own vindication, c
For it so happens that I have preserved the calcu
lations made for me in the construction of those c
tables more than two years ago, and amongst the t
papers I find a mem'randum, given to mo, upon my t
request, by the gentleman from Ohio, which fur
nished me with the data upon whieh I framed the
Ohio table. These tables, as I said before, were c
prepared soon alter the census was taken, for £
quite another purpose than their exhibition in this £
place. And hero is the paper, with a list of the 1
Eroducts grown in Onio, which I submitted to <
im with a request that he would put down oppo- <
site each article, its ordinary average value or price i
in Ohio, at that time. This he did; and hero is !
the paper: 1
About the average i
at Cincinnati. 1
Wheat per bushel 80 cents.
Buckwheat 40 “ I
Kye BO “
Barley 50 “ j
Maple sugar, per pound 8 “
Molasses, per gallon 85 “ 1
Irish potatoes, per bnshel 40 “
Bweet potatoes, per bushel 50 “
Oats per bnehei 25 “
Tobacoo... 7 “
Peas and beans 1 dollar.
Cloverseed 5 “
Flaxseed 75 cents.
Indian corn 85 “
He put tho price of wheat at 80 cents por bushel;
buckwheat at 40 cents, rye at 60 cents, and so on.
The whole list is identical with the value in the
table I made for Ohio products, with the excep
tion of Indian oorn, which he put at 85 cents, and
cloverseed at $5. I ,put Indian corn for Ohio at
80 cents, and clovorseed at $1 ; because other gen
tlemen from Ohio, whom I likewise consulted on
tho subject, gave it as their opinion that 80 cents
for corn, and $4 for cloverseed, were fair average
rates for those articles. And moroover, his avor
age was for Cincinnati. And I wished to get as
near as possible to tho average for the State. In
Georgia I did not take the Savannah or Augusta
prices of wheat or corn, but what I thought a fair
average throughout the State. Fairness and accu
racy were my objects.
How, sir, the gentleman, in reply to me on the
facts duduoed from his list of prices, has given
another list, vastly different from the one he fur
nished mo with. Let ns look at some of these
changes—Bo cents a bnshel was what he put wheat
at on my list; $2 per bushel is what he now rates
it at—lndian oorn he then put at 85 oents par bnsh
el ; he now puts that article at 20 oents. The
changes in these two products, without goiag fur
ther in the investigation, make a difference of over
$45,000,000 in favor of Ohio! This is “eliding”
with a vengeance, as we say aemetimes, down
South! And it io in this way that he i.ow gets the
Ohio products to ruu up to $145,888,283.51. And
no wonder I Sir, I baaed my calculations and esti
mates upon principles from which I will nevar slide:
upon these principles th 9 tables prepared by me
were given to the world. I maintain them now. As
the distinguished gentleman from Missouri, [Mr.
Benton,] when in the otkor wing of the Capitol,
said of his plan of the Mexican war—these tables,
sir, “will do to keep.” And I intsnd to keep
them; not, however, in my pocket, as I believe
he kept his plan es the war, but, to nso another
phrase of that honorable gentleman, I intend to
keep them by spreading them upon the “parlia
mentary history of the country.”
But I will not let the gentlemen off with this
exposition, which is certainly quite enough to es
tablish the accuracy and fairness of my tables.
What ha complains most of, is what he calls tho
sliding scale—that is, fixing Georgia wheat at sl,
and Ohio wheat at 80 cents. Ha insists that the
estimation for both States should be on the same
scale of prices. Well, sir, I will meet him on that
ground. I will take, as a basis for the value of the
products of both States, the very paper he furnish
ed us with for Ohio. I will bring the scale of pricea
of Georgia products down to the average which
he pat upon similar products in Ohio, but net in
New York.
Mr. Campbell. 1 suppose the gentleman would
not misstate my positions, and I beg leave to set
him right.
Mr. Stephens. Be very brief, for I have no time
to spare.
Vr- Campbell. Then I will not take up the gen
tleman’s time; I merely say that ho does not state
my position correctly.
Mr. Stephens. I understand the gentleman’s
position, as he stated it, to be, that the products
of Ohio, and those of Georgia, should be taken at
New York prices.
Mr. Campbell. I said I considered it as the gTeat
market of the oountir.
Mr. Stephens. Very well. Then I was not
mistaken in his position. He insiets that the pro
dusts of both States gheuld be estimated at New
York prioes, which, I say, is as erroneous as to
estimate the value of the lauds in each State at
New York prices. New York is not tho market
for Georgia sweet potatoes, or Ohio corn, or Ohio
hay. The proper basis for ihe value of each is the
average values in each State, npsn the plan ou
which my tables were framed. But, for the sake
of the argument, I say, I will adopt, aa a oasis,
the Ohio pri.es, as the gentleman gave them to
me himself, and make the Georgia products square
with that basis, so far as we produce similar arti
cles. I will bring Georgia oorn from fifty sente
’ down to thirty-five, and raise Georgia potatoes np
r to fifty cents, ehiok is just sa absurd as it would
be to eatima ea town lot in the village in
whieh I live at either Cincinnati or New York
prioes, for the same quantity of land. And I will
■ pat cotton, which Ohio does not produce, et the
oommeraiai value fixed upon it for that year at the
, custom houses, which is quite as fair as to put it
at the Cincinnati market price, inasmuch as it
r would cost quite aa much to get it there aa to the
> aea-boerd. By House Poc. No. 188, Ist Biss. 82d
- Cong., the prioe of the ootton crop embraced in
> the oeaaua return*, was valued at 11V cents, and
■ a little over. Then, air, eetimating the values of
t the prodnets of both States, not at New York
£ prases, but at Ohio pricea, as given by the gentie -
t man, and putting cotton at the actual value placed
> upon it offloialiy. by this official report which I
> bold in my hand, how stands the result ! I have
r made the calculation. I have tfce result before me.
1 Here us Use figures,
j _ Ohio List .
j Wheat bushels at 6)....511,589,930
! Buckwheat CfS.OOO u at 40.... 256.220
; Indian c0rn....59,0i6,696 " at 86.... 20, 677,£43
i Hje 42?,91> “ at 50.... 212,959
Barley 854,8*8 “ at 60 177,179
Oats 18,472,742 « at 25.... 8,W5,156
Peas and Beans. 60,165 44 at SI.OO 60,163
Iriab potatoes.. 6,067,769 •* at 40.... 2,025,1< 7
Sweet potatoes. 187,991 44 at 60.... 93.195
Tobacco 10,4!4,449 pound st 7. . 781,811
Clorerseed 108,197 bushels at $5.00.... 6 5,956
J** 445,982 44 -t 10.... 44/93
fj 188,S80 " at 75.... 141,660
Maple sugar. .. 4,558,209 pounds at 6.... 276/93
Molasses 197,80 S gallons at f 5.... 69,»67
Wine 48,207 44 at51,C0.... 4S/07
Garden products 214,0* 4
Crchard products 696,921
s4l/04,970
Gsorffia LiU.
Who it 1,069,684 bushels at 50.... $570.527
Indian corn 80.030,079 •* at 85 1.525/3*
Cotton—ta es.. 499/ 91 400 lbs. at 11 K .. 22 C 25 458
Rice 85,950,691 pounds at 4.... 15&5*027
Peas and beans. 1,142,011 bushels at SI.OO 1/42*011
Sweet potatoes. 6,966,428 ** at 50 8 493’914
Irish potatoes.. 221,8X8 “ at 40 ’ 90*951
Oat* 8 820,044 “ at 25 965 011
Barley 11,501 44 at SI.OO 11 ftoi
Cane sugar,bhdi 1,64210001bs f.t 6. . . 93,530
Molasses 2.6,150 gallons at 56.... 75,601
Tobacco 428,924 pounds at 7.... 29,876
Rye £B,7sobushels at £0.... 56.C44
Orchard products 92,766
Garden products 76,600
$11,675,021
And on this basis of calculation the Ohio pro
dnola amount o $41,204,870, and the Georgia pro
ducts to $41,676,021; making a balance ic favor of
Georgia of $470,151 —near half a million—and
larger, by $198,678, ihsn the balance in her favor
upon the ejßiem, which weathocorractone,adopt
ed by me at first. Bp I-meet the gentleman upon
hiw ow*n grotmd/results n&bilariy f:tvo>.’b-e to
Georgia are arrived at.
Bat the gentleman ioslata that hay should not
be left out of the Ohio lis 1 vs products. My rcaecue
for leaviug it out were given before. It is because
thero is no return in the consns for fodder or
shucks, that species of forage the we uso for
stock m Georgia. Wo produce at least 6G(i,0G0,000
pounds of fodder, estimating 1,000 pounds to every
50 bushel-? of c rr*; besides immense quantities of
corn shacks, which constitute the so d for our
stock, just ae hay does in Ohio. For thislurga and
valuable product there is vo return.
But the gentleman says that in Ohio th'y rnsto
more ccrn than we do, and hence more fodder.—
Not so, sir. In Ohio they do not save their fodder;
at least it is not usual with them to do it. They
put their labor upon saving hay. Wo grow au
immense amount of grass in Georgia, but we do
not cut it or save it. We put our labor in saving {
corn blades and shucks; and wo might vs well (
claim our uncut grass in our corn fields, as a pro- .
duct to go into the estimate, as !or the gentleman j
to claim the unsaved corn blades whiah grow on ,
their oorn Btulkn. An besides this, sir, th; ois
no return in the census for cotton seeds, which, in ,
Georgia, amountiu value, annually, at a moderate
esiimato, at not less than $1,000,000. So, for Uiomj '
reasons I did omit the nrtioio of hay, as I stated,
and did so properly, as I conceive; and with its ,
omission, and the omission of the corresponding
products of Georgia, upon the gontlemanV own
basis of calculation—not his last one, ofNcw York
prices,but the basis he gave mo two >or,rs and up
wards ago—Gsorgiu, with a population of lessthau •
half that of Ohio, and with land a liltlo over two
thirds iu quantity, and something under one-third ,
in value, produced, iu 1849, according to the census
returns, agricultural products oTceoding those of ,
Ohio in amount nearly $500,000
Bat, sir, Ido not intend to stop hero with the ,
gentleman and his statistics. I will oven follow
him to New York, and tils prices ther*. I have {
his tablos of estimates, by which he made the an- j
nual products of Ohio amount to $145,808,232 51, :
and those of Goorgia to only $05,488,267 13.
These tables cro not given in his pamphlet speech, j
though thoy appeared with tlio epeech as pub- ,
lished in the Globo. But I intend to preserve
them, whether ho dcoe or not. I shall preserve \
them an wo do unourrent coin in n y country. For ,
that purpose I have brought them here this d*y ,
to cxnibit to the House and the country; and, iu t
the face of the gentleman, the House, and tlio
country, to nail thorn to the counter as spurious
in their elements and composition. Upon what j
principle can ho estimate Ohio hay st slf> per ton, j
because hay sells iu Now York at that price, when, (
perhaps, a bundle of Ohio hay n9vor went there (
for sale in the world? Upon what principle can ]
he put Ohio wheat at $2 per bushel because wheat |
sol! Bin New York city at that price, whon, by 5
bis own account of it, in the list furnished mo, he |
put its price in Ohio a 1 80 cents ? Nay, mrr i |
upon what principle is it that ho now puts Georgia (
sweet potatoes at 60 cents per bushel, when thoy j
are notoriously selling in Now York :«t 25 cents a ,
half pock, or $2 a bushel ? I have a daily Now ,
York paper before mo, giving the market price of ,
sweet potatoes at tho rates I have mentioned. |
Upon what principle is it, I say, that the gentle- .
man makes up n table of such a* character as this? ;
Why did he not give the New \ 7 ork prices to the j
entire list of Goorgia articles, if lie took that as ,
tho National market ? The difference in tho Geor- j
gia products, in his table, on this ono articlo of £
sweet potatoes, amounts to more than ten millions ,
of dollars against Georgia. It is for this, and di- ,
vers other groat errors, 1 nail his tablo to tho J
counter, here in open day, that the results deduced i
from them may not mislead the uninformed and ,
unsuspecting olaewheroor anywhere.
But, sir, I said I would tako up bi 3 results, at
tained, as they were, and inset thegontloman even
cn this, his own, ground of last retreat, in a com
parison of the agricultural prosperity of the two
£u\tes, according to all jps.t and correct princift ca
oi political economy. And it is upon such princi
ples alone, I will treat or argue such a subject.
According to his exhibit, the cash* value of the
Georgia farms, is $96,758,414
Value of farming implements and ma
chinery, is 6.894,150 i
This gives a capital of $101,647,694
Tho cash value of tho Ohio farms, is.. $868,758,608
Farming implements and machinery, is 12,750,535 1
This gives a capital of $871,509,188 (
The products of Georgia, upon tho principlo cf his j
calculation, which I havo exhibited, amount in
value to $05,498,267 ;
And those of Ohio, to 145,883,232 4
Iu this way the gentleman arrives at the conclu
sion, whoro he boastiugly says, that Ohio was ahead \
of Georgia, annually, $80,349,965. ,
But let us see how such a conclusion can bo ,
drawn, ovou if the results were as he has fignred {
them out, upon any bound principles of political i
economy. According to lho*o well scaled prinoi- ]
pies, in comparing tho relative prosperity ot any ,
State, or business, with another, the amount of tho \
capital, as well as tho products, is to bo taken into ;
account. All writers upon this scionco, for it is a
science—and one of tho profonndost of the scionces
whio.i real philosophers ever taught—lay this
down as one of tho axiomp, or the postulates, up
on which they build their systems. However they
may disagree upon other matters, all agree upon
this fandamontal truth. Mr. McCulloch, whose
work I have before mo, after stating that the epe
cios of labor, or kind of employment, is not to be
looked at so much as its results, says :
“It is not, therefore, by the absolute amount «f Its capi
tal, but by its power of employing that capital with ad
vantage—a power which, In all ordinary cases, is correctly
measured by the common and averaged rate of profl;—
that the capacity of a country to increase in wealth and
population is to be estimated.”
And, farther on, he says :
44 The average rate of profit would seem to be, on the
whole, tha be;.t barometer—the best criterion of national
prosperity."
Now, what is here stated of National prosperity,
or the capacity to produce wealth, is ea truo of
States as of nations. And tho main object of the
gentleman from Ohio, seemed to be to show, that
the capacity of Ohio, with her free labor, was much
greater in the production of wealth, or tho devel
opment of her resources, than that of Georgia,
with her slave labor. Then, sir, lat tho case stand
as he puta it. Ohio, with free labor, on an inveet
ment of $B7l 509,188 in capital, produces with her
labor, $146,558,1t5. ThiH is St per cent. That ia,
the Ohio p'oduct towards capital, boars the ratio
of 89 por oent, while Georgia on an investment of
oapitai of $101,447,694 producer, with her labor,
$65,483,50T, which ia 64 percent. And this is juat
25 per cent in favor of Georgia, upon tho gentle
man’s own extravagant and erroneous assump
tions. Th. gentleman maj Bay that the value of
the slaves should be added to tho Georgiu oapitai.
Not so, sir, for the purposes of this argument aDd
the object of tho gentleman, which was to show
the supsriority of voluntary over involuntary, or
froo over slave labor, in the amount of production
and in tho development cf a country’s resources.
The question he presents has but a single point,
and that is, tho productiveness of labor. Here we
have Ohio labor us it is, whether free or hired—
which is away of buying at a high price—working
her capital in land, and suitable implements in
husbandry, and producing, iu gross, at the rales
of 89 per cent, on capita); and Georgia labor as it
is, whether free or bough:, working her capital of
the same character in like business, throwing off
lik. production!, in gross, ot the rates of 64 per
oent on capital.
Hu; the gentleman says thut the live stock in
each State should bo takeu into the account oi tha
annual products. This is a meat singular idea.
But let it be done, and then how stands the result ?
Btill more favorable to Geergia. Every step he
takes plunges him deeper in the mire of his errors.
For Georgia has much more live stock, in propor
tion, either to her population, white and black, or
capital, than Ohio has. Os neat cattle, Georgia
his 1,097,528. Ohio, with about double tho pop
ulation, has only 1,858,947. This is exclusive ot
swine or hogs. For when 'he gentleman talks of
driving Ohio fat hogs to Georgia, ho mußt be re
minded that Goorgia has more hogs than Ohio has.
Georgia, by the census, had 2,168,617 hogs, while
Ohio, with her much larger population, nad only
1,964,770. But if the whole value of tha live Block
in each State be taken into the account, 1 say the
result will etill be more favorable to Georgia. The
Ohio live stock is put down at $44,121,741. In
Georgia it is put down at $25,728,416. If these
amounts be added to the respective products be
fore stated, wo shall have the Ohio aggregate, as
the gentleman states, $189,959,978, and the Geor
gia aggregate, $91,216,638. We should then have
the Georgia capital, cf $101,647,594, producing
$91,216,688, which is 89 per cent, and the Ohio
capital, ot $871,509,188, producing $189,959,978,
which is only 51 per cent. Being a production at
the ratio of 88 per cent, on oapitai in favor of
Georgia.
I have, Mr. Chairman, gone through with this
illustration more tor the purpose of exposing the
fallacies of the gentleman than for any other pur
[*oae; aud to show that, notwithstanding his most
untenable assumptions as to the basis of prices,
and hi 3 want of adherence, even to his own basis,
first, in not abiding by his own list furnished mo
for Ohio products, and then in not putting Georgia
potatoes at the New York city market price, when
he adopted that baais ; that, notwithstanding all
this, his effort to make it appear that the agriculture
of Ohio, under her system of labor, is more pros
perous than that of Georgia under her system, has,
according to the soundest principles of political
of eoonmy, mostsignally failed. I, therefore, leave
this branch of the subject where 1 left it before.
The same exhibits I then made on this subject, I
again make, and hold them up to the strictest
scrutiny. Their results may astonish many. who
have never devoted attention and investigation to
the Bnbjeet: bnt the principles upon which they
are founded, and the great truths they illustrate,
may be railed at, but they can never be refuted.
Bat, Mr. Chairman, my time is fast passing away
and I, too must pass hurriedly on. . .
The gentleman says there are other statistics be
sides cose of agriculture; and he goes into an
enumeration of ssverai classes of them in com
paring the physical, as well as intellectual, deveiop
;. meets of Ohio with Georgia; he instances manu
factures, publio improvements, colleges, churches,
1 and some others I osn only glance at.
1 The irst he gives, is the tallowing table:
jisimaciraxs, xrc.
SKS. ,-iSS* PS&’ZS,
feu I"ifiSStag 1 "ifiSStag 85
[ Ohio ahead.. .$28,650,551,374,020 $55,560,734 1S.&1
* From this table one would suppose that Ohio
had the capital here stated invested In manntac-
L tares, iritli the result stated j bat, sir, by turning
L tothi sens as return., we shall find that much more
> ia covered by the ft czUri than by manufactures;
• under this ft &t*rs oomes mechanic arts and min
ing. Bat in the oeneus I find no oiajto what theee
mcoknnio arts are, or the details of mining—l do
however, to mannfaetnres proper, which ia the
heading title of the table. Wo have in the censu3
tCempendinm, page 180) the manufaotaro of cotton,
woolens, pig iron, wrought iron, iron castings, and
distilleries and breweries; these are all the detailed
iioads of manufactures proper that the census gives
—and tho whole capital in Ohio, invested in all
these branches together, is but |6,161,644 !
Here :s tho exact amounts taken from tho census:
Capital inverted in manufactures of cotton $297,000
\ " 44 “ woolens 810,920
“ “ pig iron 1,503,000
' “ 11 wrought iroa. 164,800
1 11 “ Iron casting*.2,o6B,6so
‘ “ distilleries and breweries 1,202,274
$6,161,644
X Jo not include fisheries and Balt-makiDg, for
how they can bo properly classed with manufac
tures I cannot imcgino ; so that tl csekra covets a
large portion of tho $29,019,588, set down by the
gentleman under the head of manufactures, otc.
And now, sir, I will tako up two of tho most im
portant of these manufactures proper, to wit: cot
ton aud woolens, and see how they stand, respec
tively, in Ohio aud Georgia:
aaoxcu MASurACroass.
No of Value
et i. ab Capital raw Oo«t of Per
jo rest u>. material, labor. Product, cent.
WoS™" 8 ? » 1 .7®*.15« *900,419 *376,818 *8,180,044 tO
Woolen.. * 65,00 u 30,893 19,615 83,760 66
caio manojactohxs.
No. of Value
establish- Capital raw Cost of Per
monte. Invested, material, labor. Product, cent.
*?? 7 ’ 000 *M7,O«a *56,691 *894,700 8*
Woolen. 180
From this it appears that, in tho manufacture of
cotton and woolens, (whiohare those things that
tho mind generally turns to when speaking of
manufaotureo,) »o far from, Obi*, being IfcUWnff*
cent ahead, when wo take thd ratio of capital to
production, sho is, in the first, 22 per eeut, and in
the other, 25 per cent behind. 1 have not looked
into tho manulaotnre of iron, to see how tho result
would stand, because Georgia has very little capi
tal invested in that business, and Ohio has certain
ly not enough to mako it a matter of great impor
tance here.
Under the head of distilleries and breweries, I
find that Ohio has a capital invested of $1,262,974,
in which they used 880,960 bushels of barley,
8,583,140 bushels of com, aud 281,760 bushels of
rye; out of which, they made 96,948 barrels of ale,
and 11,865,160 gallons of whiskey 1 But the price
of tho corn or grain is not given, so that it is im
possible to tell what ratio tho value of the produot
in this business bore to tho investment. But it
may be that it is under this head that a very heavy
percentage was counted, which increased the mean
average on manufactures in all branohos taken as
a class. But in Georgia, on tho manufisoture of
cotton, tho production, utter taking off the cost of
labor aud raw material, boars to capital invested
tho ratio of 66 por cent.; in Ohio but 88 por cent,
in Ohio, on woolen inanufoctures, tho similar ratio
of prouuot to capital is 81 por cent.; in Georgia 66
per cent I 1 cuunot dwell upon those things.
Mr. Campbell. You are wrong there.
Air. Stephens. No, sir. I am never wrong
upau a matter I have given as close attention to as
1 have given to this.
Air. Camp roll. 1 cun prove it.
Mr. Stephens. You had a ohanco to show that I
was wrong ouje before, but you signally failed.
Try it again.
1 come, now to railroads. Tho gontleman says
that Ohio has 2,867 miles of railroad in operation,
whilo Georgia h»3 but 884by tho oonsus, plaoing
Ohio 1,485 miles ahead. Very well, sir. This is a
very good shewing; and if she had five times as
many more miles, it would have nothing to do with
what I said about ogrioultura! products. But, sir,
as favorable as this showing seems to be for Ohio,
if we look a little into the matter, it will not be so
bud for Georgia as the gentleman seems to imagine.
I find, by looking into the Kailroad Journal, aud
taking all the roads in Ohio and Georgia—the con
dition of which is given in that publication —that
1,071 milos of tho Ohio roads, whioh have a capital
of 15,094,102, have, also, a funded debt of $12,225,-
400; while in Goorgia, 658 miles of her roads, tho
capital of whioh is $9,099,975, have a funded debt of
only $782,401.
From this it appears that the roads in Ohio, as
far us I have been able to get information, are two
thirds unpaid for; whila in Georgia less than one
twolfih of hers is unpuid for. If all tho roads in
each Stato, therefore, stand in a similar condition;
or if tho 1,071 in one, and 658 in tho other, may
bo takon as a sample for the whole in each State,
thou Goorgia has more road completed and paid
for than Ohio has. Two thirds of 2,867 tho num
ber of miles of the Ohio roads, is 1,578, whioh,
takoa from that sum, leaves only 789 milos in op
or-tion and unpaid for. While one twelfth taken
from 884 miles of tho Georgia roads, loaves 811
miles complete and paid for. And why should
not these improvements, boasted of, as they are,
as ovidonces of prosperity, be subjected to this
test? Is it any more ev donee ot tho thrift or
prosperity of a people, that thoy havo railroads for
which thoy ara heavily encumbered, than it is of
the thrift or prosperity of a man, from tho fact
that he accumulates property by running in debt
for it ? A man’s real thrift can only be oorrootly
ascertained by knowing not only what he has,
and what he makes, but what he owes. And the
same principle is equally applicable to States or
communities. With this view of the eobjeot
therefore, and especially when we take into con
sideration the much greater population of Ohio
than Georgia, the railroad showing is, by no means,
prejudicial to tho character of the latter State, for
that sort of progress, which pays as it goes, and
whioh never fails in the end to seonre the .most
lasting and permanent prosperity.
Bf- 7 his gcuUomau save that “thoro is anot’n r
sort of development to bo considered—thatof the
mind.” And he cites us to the oolloges in Ohio,
26 in number, against 18 in Georgia, putting Ohio
18 ahead. Now, sir, let us see if he is entitled to
this boasting exultation upon any just principles
of comparison. Ohio, it is true, has, by the con
sus returns, 26 colleges, while Georgia has bat 18.
But Ohio has a whito population of 1,966,050,
while Georgia has hut 521,672. Ohio, therefore,
might very well be expeoted to have more colle
ges ; but if the geutlemau claims tho number of
collegoa as evidence of groator development Os
mind, Ohio ought to have a number equal to tho
ratio of her population to that of Georgia. And,
upon this basis, Bbe ought to have 48 instead of
26, so that sho is really 22 behind what she ought
to have, instead of being 18 ahead.
But, sir, thoro is another view of- this subject
that the gentleman did not present, but which is
ono much moro interesting to those looking after
mental development than the number of colleges,
aud that is, tho number of pupils or students at
them. Georgia, at her 18 colleges, by the oonsus,
has 1,585 pupils; and Ohio, to havo as mauy, in
proportion to her population, out to havo 6,852,
but, in fact, as tho returns show, sho has only
8,621. 80, hero again, upon the basis and ratio of
whito population, sho is 2,281 behind. Goorgia,
by tho census, has one pupil at oollogo for every
889 of her entire whito population, and Ohio has
only ono for every 589 of hors. In this particular,
Georgia, by tho census returns, is not only ahead,
and a long ways ahead, of Ohio, but of every State
in tho Union, and of any and every other Btate or
nation in the civilized world I—This I will sot
down as a legitimate “set off” against the gentle
man's array of those who cannot read and write in
Georgia. On this head he says, that Ohio has but
one to every twenty-nine of hor population who
cannot road and write, while Goorgia has one to
every twelve of hers. I shall not dispute the re
turns of the oensus takers on this head, either in
Georgia or Ohio; but there is one singular fact
about it whioh strikes ms as something worthy of
note, and that is, that out of the foreign popula
tion, alien born—of 218,099, in Ohio, there should
bo found no moro than 9,062 adults who cannot
read and write. If this be true, then much that
we hear Baid of tho ignorance aud want of intelli
gence on the part of that class of people, cannot be
well founded.
But I have this to say of this showing against
Georgia: Mach of it is owing to some important
facts in hor history. Georgia, it is true, as the
gentleman says, was one of the old thirteen States;
hut, in point of settlement, she should be ranked
junior to several of the new States, partieuiarly
Ohio: It has not been twenty yeans since Bhe got
possession of her entire territory. And for forty
years after independence was declared, sho had
possession of but little over half of it. It was held
by the aborigines, while the Indian title to at least
two thirds of tho Ohio territory—if I am not mis
taken —was extinguished by the treaty of Green
ville, in 1795. Ohio w»b admitted as a State in
1802; and, as early as 1817, tho Indian title was
extinguished throughout her territory, with the
exoaption of some small reservations. It was not
until 1888—moro than twenty years afterwards—
that the Indians wore removed from that largo and
fertile section of our Stats known as the Cherokee
country. This is now, by far, tho most densely
populated of any part of tho Btate. Tho policy of
Georgia in lottering off hor lands in small tracts
ot 202%, and 160, and 40 acres each, without any
price, except the grant fees, naturally induced the
landless, and the most indigent, whoso means for
education in early life had been most limited, in
tho neighboring, and evon distant, Stales, to look
to her cheap domain for homes whenever any por
tion of it was expeoted to be opened for settlement.
Many of these pioneers, unoduoated themselves,
went into the woods, with hardly anything save a
horse and a oart, an ax and a gun, a wile and, per
haps, not a few “little ones.” Without convenient
schools for several years, the older members of tho
rising families grew up as their fathers had done -
Amongst this class is to be found much tho greater
n- inbor of those adults amongst us who can neither
read nor write; but, with industry and frugality,
where labor meets with the returns it does with
us, competency and comforts soon followed. Then
came “men servants aud maid servants;” and
then, also, commenced that physical development
which it is my pride here to day to exhibit in such
a high degree of prosperity; and, what to me is a
source of still more pride and gratification in con
templating the working of our institutions, is that
many of that great number of students, both male
and female, who now crowd our oolloges and halls
of learning, with such distinguishing honor to the
Btate, are the younger Bons and daughters of pa
rents who, thirty and forty years ago, commenced
life’s career in our then wilderness, poor, illiterate,
and destitute, as I have described. Moreover,
Georgia has never received any aid from this Go
vernment for educational purposes. Ohio has
received 69,120 acres of land for colleges, which,
at Government prices, is $86,400. Bhe has, be
sides, received, for common BChoole, 704,488 acres
of land, which, at the same estimated rates, makes
more than $600,000. And, for internal improve
ments, she has received 1,050,287 acres more.
And to this may also he added over half a million
of dollars she ha* received as a percentage on the
amount of land sales in her limits. Georgia has
been your benefactor to the amount of millions in
the grant of public domain, but the recipient of
' none of these favors. She made herself what she
’ is by her own exertions, energy, and enterprise.
1 But, sir, I pass on to churches. The gentleman
[ gives us this table:
No. of Aocom- Value. Agerage
churches, modation. value.
■ Ohio 8,936 1,467,294 *6,798,099 *1,471
, Georgia 1,8*2 *27,197 1,2*9,859 679
! Ohio ahesl 2J/74 880,097 *4,828,750 *792
Here the gentlemen again, as usual with him,
sets down Ohio as ahead ! But lot ns see if such
, be the fact ? Ohio has more churches, it is true,
i and ought to have, for sho haa more people. But
, bow does the number of ohurches stand in pro
portion to tho population in each Btate ? By tho
census, ths churoh accommodation in each is as
follows. Georgia 2.06 to every 1,000 population ;
Ohio 1.99 to every 1,000 population; that is Geor
gia bos over two churches to every one thousand
of her entire population, white and black, while
Ohio has less than two to the Btme portion of her
population. To have her full ratio of churches,
according to population, to be equal to Georgia,
Ohio ought to have 4,050, instead of *,9*6. Bo
that, so far from beisg two thousand and seventy
four ahead, as the gentleman says, ahe is really and
in fact, 121 behind! It is truo the Ohio buildings
are estimated at a higher ooet or value than those
in Georgia; and this may be according to the fact.
Bnt with us wa do not look no much to the splen
dor of architecture or tba outward appearance of
; our temples of worship, as we do to having a house
of some sort whore the people of all Blasses, injun
ding the “poor.” yea the “riuvV’ may have the
i Gospel preached to them i” „ . ,
Now, sir, as the gentleman haa seen fit to leave
' the original issue of the comparative agricultural
J developments of the »-.- States, sad has given us
statistics Oil otbmatters, I will follow his ex
' ample, and call .erection to one or two other sub
i (gets which wf / throw aoms light upon the work-
VOL. LXIX.---NEW SERIES VOL. XIX.—NO. 5.
o ings of their respective sooial Bystems. The ox
e hibition of churches is only one side of the moral
3 picture. Lot us turn it, aud look at the other.
, How stand the iists of crimes in these Btates ? By
I the census, in Georgia, during the year for which
L tho returns were taken, there were but 80 criminal
i convictions in tho whole State; whilo in Ohio
I there were 8481 Thore were, in Georgia, in tho
peniteutiary, 89 convict*; in Ohio there were 406 I
and of these 406 then in prison for orimo in Ohio,
i 44 of thorn woro blaoks 1 Forty-four, out of a
i free black population of 25,279. This is a most
i striking fact, showing the immorality of that par
ticular class of people, as well as their degradation.
I If crime existed in the same ratio amongst the
whites in that State, there would be over throe
[ thousand oi them in tho State prison I The gen
tleman spoke of “ carrying tho war into Africa.”
I thought that was the last placo he would bo dis
i posed to carry it, as tho sablo sons of that nn
i fortunate land seem to bo his especial favorites.
But as he has carried it thore, it is but proper that
the result should bo duly chronicled.
Again, tho general condition of a poopio is, to
some extent, indicated by the amount of want «nd
destitution amongst them. Oil this head, com
paring Georgia with Ohio, the censns presouts tho
following leeults:
Annual cost
Paupers. of support.
Georgia 1,086 27,820
Ohio 2,518 95,250
But, Mr. Chairman, my time la nearly out.
Thoro ore many other matters, I did wish to
allude to, whioh 1 muat pass over aud omit. I
■ wanted, to say something about tho present oondl
i tion of tlungs in some of the northorn Btates,
■ particularly m the city of New York, where it
* is now lound that there is, after all, something in
1 life worse than being required, or even made, to
I wark• This is . the great evil , .the negro in the
> rail so muon against our social system. But that
i greater evil which iB now felt in Now York, is the
l want of work to do, by whioh means may bo
t earned to keep from starving. “Hunger is a
sharp thorn” was, a few days ago, the banner
■ motto, homo by thousand* in that great mercan
tile metropolis. Undor onr system, sir, wo r.evor
have suoh scenes. We havo, it is true, our afflic
tions of diseases, and epidemics, and disasters of
drought, floods, and hurricanes; but tho wsil of
thousands crying for bread, has never yet, undor
the blessings of Heaven, been heard in our laud
of snnshino and plenty, “ cursed ,” though it bo,
with slavery I We havo a “Social Frovidenoo,”
to use a late very appropriate designation given
by the New York Tribune, whioh prevents all
this. A system by whioh capital, accumulated in
tho years of plenty, is required to sustain labor
in the yeats of want. These matters I wished to
go somowhut into, bnt I cannot. But enough has
been said to Bhow a development, whether con
sidered physically, morally, Booially, or intellect
ually, quite sufficient to placo Georgia (with do
mestic institutions as muob abused as thoy are by
those who know so little about them) fully along
side of Ohio, “tho giant of tho West,” or any
other Stato of this Union. That was my proposi
tion, and I think 1 havo made it good.
I want, in conclusion, however, to say a few
things, Mr. Chairman, about one of our great sta
ples. 1 omitted it in its proper place, bnt it will
do, perhaps, just an well here. I mean the article
of ootton; and I wish to say what 1 do on that sub
ject, from the faot that I have seen it stated that
tho Ohio hay crop was equal to the Goorgia cotton
orop, and that the hay orop of the United States
annually is quite equul in Importance, os an agri
cultural produot, to this groat southern, or, 1 |
should rather say, national staple. Those who ,
thus think, or talk, or argue, take a very narrow, .
imperfect, and unphilosophical, as well as ousts ten- ,
manlike view of the subjeot. As to the mere mon- :
ey value of this article, or its excess in value over .
tho other, it is not my purpose to speak; that— ,
great as, in fact, it is—is a small matter, infinitely
small when placed by the Bids of other larger and I
moro comprehensive considerations of the ques
tion. Soma things have valnea oxtrinsio as woll
as intrinsio. Cotton is eminently one of these.— j
Gold and silver are not so muoh entitlod to bo
placed on tho list of such things as it is. The ex
trinsic value of these metals arises from their
agenoy as the adopted representatives of all val- *
ues. With their displacement, however, many '
substitutes could be obtained. Bnt what substi
tute oould bo procured for tho agency of ootton ?
Lot ns look, for a moment—and I have but a
moment or two left—into eome of the relations of
this product to the active business operations of „
the world. To illustrate, I will state simple facts. c
Thebe facts aro collooted from tho very able report t
I hold in my hand. It was made by Mr. Andrews, i
a northern man. It is Ex. Hoc. No. 186, Ist sess. y
82d Cong. Full credit, tboroforo, nisy bo given to r
the faots. Thoy oome with the Btamp of the high- )
est authority. From this document it appears c
that the ootton crop of this country gives employ- „
mont to at loaßt 126,000 tons of inland steam ton i
nsge, and 7,000 persons in transporting it to points a
for shipment. It gives employment to 60,000 c
American seamen, and ono million of American f
tonnage in its coastwise shipment. It gives em
ployment to 800,000 tons of American shipping, f
and 40,000 American seamen, in its foreign ship- (
ment. Twenty-flvo thousand other persons, at ;
least, are engaged in reoeiving and shipping it. It -
gives employment to at least 100,000 operators in ,
American factories, whoso annual wages are over j
*17,000,000. In the.«s factories thore aro invostod |
eighty millions of American capital, whioh turn
out, annually, at loast seventy millions worth ot
products 1 With those faots before him, the writer
of tho report uses this language. I ask the atten
tion of the committoe to it, because it is no lobs
graphic than truthful:
II Ewy InUrM* tbroßghw* 1 -Hw' tae
North and tho South, in tho East and tho West, in
the interior, and on tho Pacific as well as tho At
lantic ooast —reeoiveß from it (cotton) active Bnd
material aid. It promotes, essentially, the agricul
tural interests in those States where ootton is not
produced. It is the main source of the proaperity
of tho mechanic, the artisan, and other laboring
olasses, as well as that of the merohant, and man
ufacturer in every section of the Union. Every
where it has laid, broad, and deep, and permanent,
the foundations of tho wealth and strength of the
United Btates, and of their independence of fo
reign nations, evon the most powerful, dependent !
on the ‘United States of America.’ More than :
any other article, nay, more than all other agrioul- I
turai products united, has cotton advanced tho navi- i
fating commercial and interests of tho eastern At- j
antio States, and of the whole Union. It, more
than any other agricultural produot, has cherished t
and sustained those interests, not merely by its [
direct contribution, hut by awakening commorce f
in other countries, from whioh thoy have reoeived ii
profitable employment. Neither the whale fisher- c
ies, nor the mackerel and cold fisheries have been c
of tho same importanoo and value to those inter- C
ests as the annual cotton crop of the United States,
sinoe the war of 1812, has been, for its transporta
tion ooastwiso and exportation to foreign countries. e
Lika the light and heat of the sun, the gonial of- c
foots of this inestimable blessing whioh Providenoe i
has bostowod upon this favored people, reaoh every t
portion of tho land. Thoy extend to every city, ,
and town, and village, and hamlet, and farmhouse |
—to the ship, to tho steamboat, to tho canal barge,
and to tho railroad.”
Yes, sir, throughout tho length and breadth of
this vast Confederation of States, there is not a
tonemont, whether cabin or palaoe, where the life
giving and life-sustaining influence of this south
ern product is not felt and realized. And besides
this, it may be added that the same .article gives
employment, and the means of supporting human
life, to at least three millions of persons in Europe,
and the investment of at least three hundred mil
lions of their capital! Figures almost fail, sir, to
calculate the extent of the inflaenoe of this artiole
upon the comfort, the happiness and well being
, oi mankind. Tho ono sixth, at least, of all these
results Is due to that portion of this product oon
i tributed by G aorgia. This sketch gives us but a
Blight glance at some of the extrinsic values of
t ootton, to whioh the money value, to tho grower,
S groat as it is, is but a drop in tho ocean. But
i who, in the face of these facts, and these grand
results, can be bold onongh to maintain that this
[ product of the South, in valuo and importance, is
, to be put in the balanoe and weighed down by the
t hay crop of the North ? Or, that the ootton crop
r of Goorgia, that contributes ono sixth of all these
l results, Is, in like manner, to be pat in the scales
I against the hay crop of Ohio? The dried grass,
the eow food, that sustains life for a season in their
herds of oaltle; though they woro countless in
number 1 The subjects hardly allow a contrast,
much less a comparison; and whoever attempts it,
does injustice, not only te his own intelligence as
a statesman, if ho has a spark of it about him, but
he doos gross injustice to one of the most impor
tant elements of his oonntry’s greatness 1 To
adopt the figare of the author of the report 1 havo
just read irom, we might muoh better compare the
lard lamps, or wood fires, or whatever else lights
up the dwellings of tho nineteen hundred thou
sand inhabitants of that Stats every night to the
full blaze of the “glorious King of day" at noon
shedding abroad, not only light, but beat, anima
tion, and liio upon a smiling world around us.
Petrified Human Bodies.—A few days since
the body of Mrs. Loy, wife of George P. Loy, who
died twenty-four years ago, and was buried some
three miles from Dayton, Ohio, was disinterred, to
be removed to a cemetery. Both the coffin and
tho body, to the surprise of all present, were found
to bo in an excellent state of preservation. The
Dayton Empire says:
The shroud, and indeed all the covering which
was upon the body at the time of interment, twen
ty-four years ago, had disappeared—not a vestige
of them remained. Tho body was perfoct, except
the right leg, from the knee to the ankle joint,
where the flesh seemed ts havo wasted away, and
lay at tho bottom of the coffin in a aubstunce re
sembling ashes mixed with Band. With this ex
ception of decay the body and limbs exhibited the
same perfectness of exterior they did when life and
animation were in the body.
The body, indeed, had bee- petrified. It was,
by some strange quality of the earth, turned into
stone, of a drab, cr, more properly speaking, flesh
oolor; and tho chisel of the artist might imitate,
i but could not make so close a resemblance to the
i “human form divine.” The smile whioh lighted
up her countenance at the moment when death
* gently untied the cord whioh bound the soul to
' clsy, still seemed to linger upon the face of stone.
The grave of the grand child of Mr. Loy was
9 next entered, and tho coffin exhumed. It was
9 also found to be heavy, and when opened, the
■ corpse presented much the same appearance as
>• that of Mrs. Loy. It was not as perfect, however,
a although petrified.
e ♦
a Horse Stories.—We give it up. We have told
“ gome horse stories ourselves, hut out of deferenoe
,e to truth, we kopt close along shore. Here is one
that throws all horse story-tellers out of Bight and
n out of hearing. It is from the Editor’s Table of
the California Pioneer t
. We havo heard tho matt«r disonssod as to whioh
II of three or four gentlemen living, or, as the deeds
f® have it, lying and being in California, €oald ten the
” most incredible btory. It has been proposed to
}i test the relative merits by a trial on tbo race track
at the Mission Dolores. Lie and repeat—-beet three
k in five—for a porse cf one thousand ticket* in
Duncan’s last raffle. But wc have a friefid--a£OOd
natural liar, as Baldwin says—not “ i3 (h . t
just at present, whom we sho Jd tive
® struggle with considerable reliance mta ’’* l ™
s talent! He was describing to us the.other deyriie
» wonderful qualities ot ft horse that he
•: The expressed it to do^““S'eat
d taught him to sit »t e brnch „j
e boiled rice w,ths silver with *' a Bilver
we" “replied Pinto, “heml I don’t
f° r h • ” • s :i-er fork —it was one of those
o platod ones, you know, cost about $3 a dosen, We
said no more. „
t Hocu* Aio».-The best way to get rid of ants 1»
a to set a quantity of cracked walnuta or aheUbarki
on plstas, and put them in the oloset* and plaoes
- where the ants congregate They ore very fond of
f these, and collect on them in myriad*. When
a they have collected on them, moke a general anto
- d»-fa, by turning nuts and ant* together into the
a fire, *nd then replenish the plate with fresh nnta.
Afterthey have become bo thinned off as to cease
e collecting on plate*, powder some gum camphor and
.1 pqt it in tho holes and crevices, whereupon the
s remainder of them will spsedily vamoßO. It m*y
help tho process of getting them to assemble on
i- the shell harks, to remove all edibles oat Os their
-way for ths ttma.
Sew York Money Market.
The Tribuns of Monday morning has the fol
lowing roport of tho Money Market in that city !
Saturday, Jan. 20—P. M.
Thore was a fair amount of business at the Stock
Board this morning, but pricos of Friday
scarcely maintained. At the Socond Board there
was a firmer feeling, and tho markot olosed with
some buoyancy. Roading shows an advance of 1
por cent.; Central, X i Illinois Central, a further
Improvement of % por cent.; Michigan Southern,
1 por cent.; Nicaragua was woak ; Canton waa
stoody, and Cumberland doolinod per oent.
For Railroad Bonds and State Stocks tho demand
is active at improving prices. Tho trensaotionß in
Bonds roaoh SIBO,OOO. There was considerable
aotivity in tho now Erie Bonds, $72,000 having
so'd, closing at 81 >4, at 60 days; SOK regular—an
advance of 1 per eeut. Illinois Central advanced
to 72%; Erie Incomes, 108%; Convertablee,
1871, 76; Sooond Mortgage, 95 ; Now York Cen
tral, 87. Os State Stocks, SBO,OOO sold. Missouri
advancing to 89% ; Virginias, 96% ; Indians *’s,
81%; Illinois Internal Improvement, #O. A sale
of $20,000 Government 6’a, 1868, was made at
116%. This is the ‘ rst sale of Government Stoek
at the Board for a long time, and the Bteek waa
reoeived from Loudon by tho steamer.
Iu Sterling Exchange there is not mueh doing,
and the markot is woak, but there has been eo»-
sidorable movement in Francs, and transaotiena te
the extent of two millions of frauoa have bee*
made, under whioh tho rates have been advened
to 6.18% » 5.16 for good signatures. Those (ranee
are lor remittanoe to Loudon, it being supposed
that the English subscription to the French lose
will msko them a better remittanoe than Sterling,
by causing a large demand for Paris bills.
In Freights there i* not muoh doing and rate*
are firm*
N mm>.- SA,-T.L,iut7 wore small,
*76,831; paid, $30,630; balanoe $2,788,469, Paid
| from ABasy-Offico, S9S6. Tho balauca-iu ths Bub
, Trowury shows an accumulation of about $450,00*
, during tho week, whioh has been drawn from the
Bankß. Meanwhile the Assay-Office has disbursed
about $1,850,000, so that tho Banks have gained
during the week from this source $900,000, lea*
tho umount of deposit certificates, which were
hold aud ooanted s specie last woek. The Bonth
> and West have beon drawing some specie from
. ns, and it is difficult to form an estimate of the
specio roserve in the Banks, but tho general
opinion of tho street is that it is $16,000,000 to
$16,500,000.
The subscription to the Illinois Central Kailroad
Loan reaches $1,900,000, leaving but SIOO,OOO de
ficient.
Tho imports at this port, other than Dry Good*,
show also a largo decrease as compared with the
same week of last year, being $1,789,792, against
$2,800,771. Among tho imports are: Fruits, $Bl,-
000; Fur, $28,000; Glass, $80,800; Hemp, $117,600;
India Rubber, $20,200; Braudy, $26,800; Hides,
$88,600; Hardware, $88,600; Cutlery, SBI,OOO, Iron,
$95,200; Lead, $88,900; Tin, 20,800; Coffee, $144,-
400; Cream Tartar. $35,400; Bugar, $60,500; Tea,
$77,000; Watches, $78,200; Wines, $75,600.
Tho aggregate for the week is:
1854. 185*.
Dry Goods $8,131,946 $1,970,«*«
General Merchandise..,. 2,800,771 1,78r,712
r Total $5,482,177 $8,708,87*
Previously 6,564,268 5,678,60*
Total since Jan. 1 $11,998,970 $9,286,889
Tho oxports of the woek aro $1,899,020, against
$1 ,670,865 same week last year. Somo of the prin
cipal article* are:
Cotton $188,898 Lard $46,68*
Flour 116,772 Toa 8,040
Whoat 15,276 Coffee 15,60*
Corn 67,149 Rice 15,611
Corn Moal 18,400 Tobacco 69,181
Beef 88,821 Sperm Oil 6,820
Pork 87,196 Hops 1,9««
Hams, B. and S. 14,549 Naval Store*... 62,628
Buttor 5,772 Logwood 52,110
Cheoso 8,447 Guano 289,96*
India Rubber.. 15,679
The business at the Cloaring-Houeo to-day vu
$12,848,026, which is loss than for any day since
the Houso was established.
From the Hartford Oourant.
Affairs fn Utah.
Wednesday, Nov. 29, 1854.—1 am down here,
about 200 miles from Salt Lake City, with a party
of sixty men, partly as an escort to the J ndges of
the Supreme Court, aud also to havo a talk with
Walker, the Chief of tho Utalis. Two Indian*
wore recently tried by the Court and hung for the
murder of somo ohildron, and considerable appre
hension was felt lost tho tribe should lako revenge
upon tlio persons of tho Judges. We have seen a
groat deal of the different tribes of Utes, and
thought when wo started wo migh f possibly have
a little fighting, but it turned out otherwise, and
our relations with the Indians proved to be per
fectly poacefnl and friendly.
I have never before appreciated tho tronbioe ot
frontier life. All tho towns south of tho Halt Lake
City are completely ovorrun with Indiane, who
koep the cottiers ontirely under their thumbs.—
Thoy walk into a house, demand what they want,
aud, if refußod, draw an arrow on tho females, and
frighten them into submission. They go into the
fioldß, steal the wheat, and take it to tbo miller;
when the grist is ground, thoy fight with the mil
ler if ho requires his toll. Tho people make them
presents continually, and try to couoilitto tnom in
overy way, and the Utes return tho favors by oall
ing them “squawß” and shooting
tod asattorrey and oounsollor at law in tbo Bu
preme Court of the Territory, which gives me the
privilogo of Bitting in the oourt room, aud using *ll
tho paper I want, as at present. Though the
Judges have made a lawyer of me, I assure them
that I am like necessity, “ aud know no law.”
Last night the people of this place got np a ball
for our bonoftt, (that is to say on enr paying ex-
Sonsoß ) It was opened with prayer by ono of the
iormou olders. The females wore all married, as
e. ery one is appropriated by tho time ehe is 14
years of ago. In the city tho Mormons ere atill
KeepiDg up their policy of holding ns at a respect
ful distance, socially, but aro paying the most pro
found attention to our pookots. I doubt if the
priceß in California, in her palmiest days, oould
have compared with thoso wo aro paying iiore.
It may afford some oxcitomont to the friends ot
tho Missouri Coropromiso to learn that “ttai* peo -
ple”(us thoy call themselves,) is going, to a man,
for admission into tho Union ns a BJ»ve State, and
it mast take a wiser head than mine to prediet the
consequences of receiving into the Confederacy a
community governed by an absolute despotism of
Church and State.
Another American ScunrTOß.—We have been
shown a photograph representation of “the Co
quette,” sculptured by Mr. Wm. R. Barbee, of
Virginia, aud whioh has largely attracted the at
tention and secured tho warm admirution of the
world of art concentrated at Florence, Italy. Tho
figure iB entirely nude, and represents the slight
but rounded form of a graceful young female,
resting on her left toot, with the left bund holding
aloft a human heart, upon whioh an arrow iu her
right hand intimates the torments it is her plea
sure to infliot. The figure is graoeful, natural and
artistic, whilst the face displays truthfully the
commingled paseious pervading tho heart of the
coquette. Tno retribution that awaits her U
figured by the thorns scattered in hor path. Mr.
Barbee has ooapleted the model in plaster, and
expects to havo it transferred into marble by the
last of next April. He has already been solicited
to exhibit it at the Paris Universal Exhibition, »nd
will after that send it to this oounlry for exhibi
tion in the principal cities.— Balt. Amer.
Ammo* An«»ote. —Somo weoks ago, Oleott
put up for sale, at D. Owen & Co.'s, a copy of
Sparhs' Washington. At first no ono seamed in
clined to bid, but after a whilo, one seemed inclin
ed to bid, but afier a while, one of the spectator*
offered fifteen cents a volume I Looking round it
tho speculator with a frown most torriblo, Oloott
ejaculated: “My friend, don’t waste your money;
you can’t read, and what’s the uso of your buying
boobsT’ The bidder w.s silent. After a little, a
box of eigars was pat up, when the admirer ot
Gen. Washington rapidly oxolaimed—“ Fifteen
eonts. d—n you ? I’m entitled to smoke, if not to
,Sparks t”
Pxaexim from the Empebor of Japan.—The
present sent to the President of the United Btate*
by til# Emperor of Japan have reached this city,
and have been deposited for the present in the
Btate Department. They consist in part of silks,
swords, writing-tables, delicate and fragile orna
ments, vasci, bowls of glass and other materiel*,
umbrellas, mats, bells, jars, oabinots, flower-box,
larieos, Japan matting, stouo from Japan, stone
from Loo Cboo, agricultural implement*, Japan
shine (marked from Sindda) hermetically sealed,
samples of sugar cane, seven dogs, two birds, &c.
Washington Union.
A Certain Cure fob Scrofula.—Nicholas Long
worth, the famous iniilionaro and wine grower of
Cincinnati, publishes the following cure for scrof
ula :
Put 2 oz. of aquafortis on a plate, on which yotl
have two oopper cents. Let it remain from 18 to
24 hours; then add 4 oz. of clear, strong vinogar.
Put cents and all in n largo mouthed bottle, and
keep it corked. Begin by putting 4 drops in*
teaspoonfol of rain water, and apply it to the sore.
Make tho replication three times a day, with •
soft hair pencil, or made of rags. If very painhit,
put moro water. As the core heals app yit weaker.
I roquost editor*, in all parts of the Union, and
abroad, to copy this, and republish it quarter year
ly ; it may save many lives. N. Lonowobth.
Cincinnati, Ohio, Nov. 18, 1854.
F. B.—Captain Darkness, of our city, the first
person cured by this remedy, applied it without
water, and he informed mo that he thought it would
burn his leg eff, but the next day it was cured.—
His was a small sore, and had iioon attended to
for months by one of the best pbreioiana, without
any benefit.
Durr on Imported Wool.—Judgo N. Ewing, one
of the heaviest wool growers in Western Pennsyl
vania, has addressed a letter to a New York wool
dealer, in whioh he argues in favor of the repeal of
duty on ioreign wool*. He saya that he haa writ
ten to the Hon. John L, Dawson, the Kepresent*-
1 live of his district in Congress, udvising him to
1 vote for the repeal, should the subject oome up
1 during the present session. The pith of his argu
> mont is contained in tho following extract:
“If the manufacturer receives n moderate pro
tection by a duty on the foreign fabric, and is not
1 burthened by a tax on the raw materia), we may
e reasonably hope that American energy aud per* ~
- veranco will enable him to compete saoeeeeftjljF
with his foreign wool- This weu/t w.H *
1 nreate a steady demand for wool, and as inoroasea
f lull oris rpa menufuolurintt operation*,
f success shall enlarge demand will en
ythePprico. Fluomalion. will be le* fre
-1 -nant and the oertain-thongh It may be moderate
9 Profit will satisfy tho wool grower, end ouu*e
3 him to persevere in a baaino3S whioh lie is now 19
5 I often tempted to abandon.”
: The district in which the writer of this letter
’ lives the Philadelphia American say*, i* one of
the iargeet woo! growing regions in the eou- try,
and suoh an expression irom a leading cultivator
of the Staple—one, too, who has hitherto favored
the duty on foreign wool—is of some importance
to tho trade. Its eff»ct will probably be to aooonw
plish the removal of the duty.
Medical.—Since 1849, a prize of one hundred
thousand franoe ha* been offered by the French
Academy of Sciences for a prescription whioh
would our» the Asiatic eho'itra in the majority ot
cases. At a lata sitting of the Academy, the com
mittee appointed to examine the numeroa* co*t
munioatlons upon the subject, reported that no*
one of ihe many suggestions offered was worth a
farthing, It has now been decided that any por
son who shall disoovar * positive Indication oftha
causes of the disease, so that by the removal
’ of them it will disappear, or who »ball die
cover a sure preventive, enah as vecoination i* “
the small pox, shall be entitled to reooi v* tbo p«*•;
I There i* likewise a standing offer of
. franc* for a demonstration of tho exDtePoe, tn tne
> terrestrial atmosphere, of any iytt*Fj*r ammab
l Ml*, operative in the psopegauao of epidemle
i diseases. m
; -oof of tea new Reman Catholie Chnreh at
T.Tri town, wsa biown off and rear wall threw*
f doim hy &e gaH on Sunday night.