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Cbronitlt & fmtiutl.
Correspond** f <f tke BaUim •• Aaxrtean.
THIRTY-FOI KTH CONGRESS—I*t- *«**ioß
| December. 28, I^-
l The Senate did not eit to-day.
HOUSE.
The Clerk celled the House to .*Jej at I', o < :kx *
and the journal of yeeterday was read
Mr Seward, of Georgia, submitted tha touuwui*
preamble and reeoiution • ... j-cr,.
it ie apparent, under t-e exietmg a.n«r
-rulaofoDinlon m tbia bouee, no oreaniiatxjn
thortrfoanboeffeotod without eo-rn.-effort to unite
*strL scree upon the doe:r,-.e of
e, uesertStD ih* IxMJts ana Set™** act. -nt
that the people of the Tcmtonti ahall be left y=r-
Jectlv foSTfo rczulat# tbc.r o«ni <Wn«-*ttt P-#*®?*
zfd Vberen* it (i indUpcr.Mble. to effect on or £ ani
... mat aU differ.nc.-a of opinion upon otoer
question* abould be p-tr-oned. without compro.nae
or coneeaaion upon the part of any member Toting
for tbi» reooUitiou: licit
RttoivtJ, Tuot William A. Bichanlson be ehooen
Sneaker of "the House of Representatives for the
Tliirtv-Kourtb Congress.
Mr’ Seward stated that be had introduced lus re
solution for the purpose of embodying, if possible
the sentiments of members in regard to the doctrine
of non-intervention, and with the view of relieving
c.-,t .u!cti of the American party from what they
ionsiJsred an insult with n«peet to their peculiar
position upon collateral issues outside of the doc
trine* of Ui>-Kansu* and Nebraska bill. It there
. Wer. s. soffi-ient number of national men in the
Ha use to organize and elect a speaker, it was time
that desired olject should Ire consummated. It it
was true that the American party, who claimed to
be national, concurred with the Democrats: party
In eentiment upon tiw: d«jctrine of non-intervention,
tL<*v could vote for bin resolution without <*»mpro
mis;rig a solitary principle which they professed,
for the r. solution cfw larcd tiuit all other qu.-otiun*
should Is- postponed Hedesiredto niukeno issneat
psns. nt with the American party upon the questions
of Catholicism ond Americanism, lie was willing
to defertbose question*, and leave them to l*e de
ride i bv the p, Ople in the future, though he desirni
it to be distinetlv undi rstrssi that he (lid not -üb
aerits: to tiio doctrines of the Amonean party upon
either of tiiosc questions. It was utsh-rstood that
a<-re was an irrrs-onr ilable difference between the
American and Dernistrafic parties so far as those
3n--stions were concerned. How else, then, could
,oy unite except by postponing these subjects, and
agreeing npon tne great principle that the people
in'the Terntories shonld settle their own domestic
Institution* in their own way?
Mr. II Marshall, of Kentucky, demred to know if,
when the gentJeman stated that he was for the prin
eiple that tie- people in the Territories should settle
their own institutions in their own way, he was to
understand him as assuming the position that the
people of a Territory, during the existence of a Ter
ritoi-tl Oorernmeut, migiit, through a re-rritoriol
Legislature, prohibit sLtvi-ry.
Mr. Si-wind replied tliat h-gal questions were not
proper to l,< considered here. ILangliter.] riie
gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Foster) had said the
other day that the Kansas bill was a measure, and
not a principle. Now, what lie desired to get at was
the solitary principle; and whether the ms-trine of
squatter sovereignty was in the Kansas toil or not.
was a question to be decided by the courts, as was
also its constitutionality. It was tie- business of
Congress to make laws, anil tin- business of the
courts to construe them. This, therefore, was not
the legal tribunal tor tin- settlement of such qnes
tioui, and when the complicated questions which
hml grown out of the Nebraska bin should be car
ried before the court* they would be settled.
Mr. Cliugman, of North Carolina, Imped the gen
tleman from Georgia would so modify hi* resolution
as to insert, after tin- woril* domestic policy,"
•‘subject to the Constitution of the Coifed States. ’’
Mr. Hi-waol aeecpteil the imslitietifion.
Mr. Cliugman iindcrstissi that the gentleman from
Kentucky (Mr. II Marshall) would ha v e vot e.l for Us-
Nebraska bill, had he ta-en a member of the House
at the time of its consideration. He would ask the
gentleman how In- construed it ! Did he believe that
the people of a Territory had this right or not ?
Mr. H. Marshal! replied that he had no indispo
sition to stale his position upon that question, so
that it might lie read of uli men . and, when stated,
it would i>e read the same way North and the same
way South. Il*- did not believe that the Congress of
the United States proposed the constitutional power
to legislate so ns to prohibit slavery in a Territory ;
and he did not Is-lieve that the people of a Territory
pisuiensed the ]Miwor to legislate, perilling a Territo
rial Government, sous toprohibil slavery therein.
He believed that tin- people of a Territory, in tlieir
Territorial Government, were the creatures ofCon
gri-ssional legislation, and that all the power they
might exercise Congress could exercise, and that
they could exercise no more than Cnriprcs* should
choose to allow thc.n, because the stream could
never be higher than tin- fountain. Now, hi- should
like to know II the gentiemua’i pMithm.
Mr. Cliugman would state it w ith pleasure. If
he hud understood the gentleman correctly, he held
that the people of n Territory could not legislate
ei* her ntlirmatively-or negatively under the Kansas
bill
Mr. II Marshall. Why, gentlemen huve not set
tled the of that bill among themselves.
Mr. Seward here interposed and claimed the tiovr,
and proposed to modify ids resolution by striking
nut the woril* “that the people of the Territories shall
be li ft perfectly free to regulate their own domestic
policy. Ili- had tint" modified his resolution for
tin- p‘nr|s>*e of obviating the difficulties which gen
tlemen seemed to desire to throw in its way in re-
t ai dto tin- eoirdruetioii of the Kansas and Nehras
a act. There was not a man in the House who had
not intelligence enough to understand that, whatever
law might in- passed Ly Congress, a variety of opin
ion* would exist ns to it* construction; and when
gnetlemin sought to produce division by asking
indvidual members their particular opinions with
respect 10 lie- eifei-t oi a particular law, it was evi
dent that so long as t hat policy should he pursued
an organization could never tic effected. All that
he asked was an usiicrtiiui of the principle of non
intervention. That would leave the question in
regnrd to tin- power id the people of tin- rerriUiries
to establish or prohibit slavery entirely out of this
issue, to lie settled hereafter by the tribunals to
w inch it properly belonged.
Nmv li the American party were national upon
the subject, they were opposed to agitation, and
w ere in favor ot moving il from the halls of legisla
tion. In other wol d*, if they, desired the Govern
ment to tako their hands off the institution of slavery
mid restore peace to tin- country, tiiejr slieulil come
np and so declare by voting .for the resolution. The
Dcuioerulic party did not desire ngitnrion upon this
subject This question must bo settled in some
way, eitliey bv tlicj.eoplc or by the Federal Gov
ernment; aiuf every gentleman knew tliat il the
question was settled in Congress by tins force of a
majontv from the North and decided against Ihr
Kouth, tin- Government would be in danger and the
Union Ilf tile States could not la- perpetuated. His
resolut ion presented a common platform, upon which
all could stand . ami in- had ottered it on his own
responsibility, and without consultation with the
Democratic party.
Mr. Boyce, of South Carolina, approved of tho
resolution, though lie thought it might have been
more judiciously worded. They laid been for weeks
engaged in vaiti struggles to elect a Speaker, and at
the present time, so far as they could judge trom
circumstances, were no nearer a result than they
were at Uie beginning. II seemed to him. then,
tliat the time lmd come when they should begin to
take their latitude and longitude, anil see where the
land laid, and if there was any probability of organiz
ing the Ilouso upon nconservative basis.
In the remarks whirh lie was about to submit he
did not wish to he considered ns compromising the
" Democratic party. Ho acted with it when lie ap
proved it* course, and w hen he did not lie acted w ith
himself.: He belonged to the Calhoun wing of the
Democratic partv, and he did not consider himself
as bound hv the action of ils caucus, or in any way
. subject to iis ixiles. He would farther add that in
recommending the course he should, lie was not ac
tuated bv any indifference to Mr. Richardson. If
he had had bvs choice of the meuils-rs of the House,
that gentleman would have been his first choice for
the honorable position of Speaker.
Having mode those preliminary remarks, he would
take up the question of organization, and inquire
what >' ns it that had prevented no election '! There
were three parties here, neither one of which had a
auyoritv of the whole number of votes. Mr. Banks.
a< cording to his understanding, «'pn seuted the ex
treme auti-slaverv feeling of the North, and he in
ferred tliat the party which sustained him did so be
cause he occupied' that position. Mr. Richardson
stood upon the Kansas and Nebraska bill, and Mr.
Fuller lmd declared that he would stand by existing
legislation, and that he was against the fnrtheragita
tiou of the sin wry quasi ion Practically, so far as
the organization of the House, was concerned, the
tw o last named candidates occupied the same posi
tion, aud between their jvosition and that occupied
by Mr Banks there was nil impassable 'gulf. If
those who voted for Mr. Fuller were uiiwilliug to
sustain Mr. Banks, which he believed to lie the cake,
sud if it was assume,l that those gentlemen who
threw acuttering votes differed from the gentleman
from Mase o hus.-eta, as it w aA fair to yqeuumr.it fol
lowed font Ml Banks could not be elected—a ma
jority oi tho House differing from him upon the \ ital
question of slavery. The next conclusion was, that
. ‘ the oopservutive men of the lions.'—bv which he
• meant llmse who supported Mr. Vnllcr and Mr..
Richardson,us well ns those who throw scattering
vob s —eon d organize if thev would east their votea
for the same candidate; aud if they had this power
was it not their duty to exercise it ! by should
thev not do so ? lie might Is- told because il would
be usurious to party. Party had been t-si often the
bane of Republics;'and. .though it would do very
well iu itk place, yet the country should not he sac
rificed to it. Thev might forget party for a time at
least, and throw off its trammels, and perform the
first great dutv which devolved iijKin them as mem
bers of the House, viz ; organize upon a conserva
tive basis. lie trusted that they would not be
driven from the performance of this great duty by
the fear of party, li seemed to him the tw o parti, s
widen supported Sir Richardson and Mr. Fuller
should, without any formal understanding, w ithdraw
their enudidutes. and east their vote* for whom'they
pleased. He, for one, would vote for any man.
northern or southern, and without reference to the
question* of Americanism and Catholicism, who
would he willing to organize the Hons.- upon a con
oervative basis.
Mr H. Marshall,of K. ntueky, remarked that the
r.-solnUeu now before tin* House presumed an iden
t dtY of feeling upon u given principle outlie part es
lh,'s-e wtm should vot*- for it . aud it was the idea of
iis mover to make an ass rtion in.favor of the 1 rin
eipie of uon-int.-i v enlion, ns d« el --I iu tli-- Kansas
and Nebraska act. B. fore he should vote for the
rese.Uuion.be desired Democratic geiftlemen to .de
fine the principle alhideel to ; and not to hide it un
der tile 1«H —which bill was interpret,si by that party
ut the North iu one wav aud by the same party at
the tjewuh iu anothcr.
The gentleman from tVon-ia had prop.w*ed that
. they should postpone the differ,-no. s which existed
upon other subj- es. He would suggest to the gen
tieiuan tiiat when lie indicated such a d.-slre he
oug.t to have i - - S -'-lie re* i.-. - , the 1 -i.e
Mr. Pallor, instead of that of Mr. Richardson. K -
eause u[«m the subjects which he d. sired to defer
there v»old be no doulit there was a majority lu re
feehiv- as Mr Fuller ti lt, and not as Mv Kiehard
*on felt. The geutleutan should have nnwalted the
latent teei.ug lure iu regard to Amcriennisin by
tendering tiie choir to the (jsinlemaa w h*w 'conceded
a* ntimeuts were o .usisieut with the known senti
ment* of a ul-j>-my of the House.
Mr Cliugman. of North f'.-avdiita. did no: propose
to discus* the qin stiou wh< tlier the ]*.w, r to legis
late with rvfei.-uoe to s’av, ry in fin- Territories ex
isted iu t'#i gives, or in the people of the Territories
He. however, had no doubt ti-e legislation which
had occurred in" Kansas, under the bill of tho 1.-.-t
Congress, was valid . and that tinder that bill the
people of that T. nitory hid the right to prot.vt
stave property. He had no doubt that the people of
Kansas might decline to pass laws protect;rg slave
propsrtv There was no provision in the Constitu
tiou w inch nquirtsl that they should enact sueh
lows. He won uadi rstood to im-line to the opinion
that under tho Kansas and Nebraska set the people
of those Territories might prohibit slavery, lie had
voted fie the bill, not carinc wh< ther the Courts
uianild deckle the one way or the other. If the peo
ple of lire Temtoriv* were ag.unst slavery, why of
coarse thev would li'-t have ;t
Mr Sew ani thought it was obvious that they could
not honuouixe on his resolution, and be therefore
withdrew it.
Mr Smith, of Virginia, renewed it. He had sup
poo, a tiiat if any opinion was more universal than
another" it wr.s that » Territorial Gov.-mm.-nt in a
*tnt« of infauev, had no power to allow .* prohibit
oiaveiv Tne Federa!G.vemiTK-nt. having no right
to admit or prohibit slavery-, had do right todei.gate
such a pow er. The people under the Kansas and
Nebraska act had the right to protect all property,
but had no power t > create a fundamental law by
which slavery was to be admitted or excluded He
quoted from the set to sustain his position
M; J mts.of Tennessee, was or.e of tlswe who
, believed tiiat all fewer was in the people ; that all I
l» power not delegateel to the Federal government was
still iu the people aud the State*. If. then, the peo
ple and the Stales had dx legated to the Government j
the pjwer to legis’.ate epon the domestic affairs of
the Territories, the Government, by the Kansas and ■
Nebraska bill, had delegated, as far a* it cou!d, that j
power to the paopie of til* Terrtoriea. If. howavsr, 1
lh» paoji-s and ths Staiea had d»lega;ad that powsr
to the Qovarntneut. thou it rusted fn the people and ;
|n the fire tea. Inhis opinion, tha Kama.* and Ns- j
bruska act recognized the fttli f—ra, Bn d tsiwer, in
ol! iu vigor, of the right of ths reople of the Terri- !
•ories to legislate over this subject, prior to their j
organization as a State Government, as fully and !
Os aompleudy os 'tu reeofffiizvs! the power of th«
neoole of the Stats* over the sutijeet of all domestic
rmeloion* i•«! dek-gaf- dto the (hivernment. G- n
tlemn i light eali it what they pler.osl, non-infer ven
ti-n sniiotfcr -overrigufv. or popular sovereignty;
•t ws* L . - w.-r o! tit-- people which they Lad uever
,i. y- iieo to tuc Govcr.iincnt; and. in hi* ojiinkm,
tdor’and t - y alone, sis'tUfi exercise it, as well
w hi!*- il. a Temioriul condition us in a State Gov
erunu-ut.
Ur. Saiitk. o{ Virginia, then withdrew Lin re»oltt
ti«o.
Mr. of i*? ani«TlTania. the
foijkjvriiig :
Jit *oioed. Tint ti>e rtiahitiou by wiiich the
to he «jccop!cdJ in debate wu limited be reseimied.
Mr C. iupported U reooluiioxi in a few .-eraarkj,
triion.
On motion of Mr. Waaabnm®, of ninaia, il wu*
laid on the table.
Ttero being load demaudi for tij c r sU of tho
tt* Hoiue hroceedte<\ to tie wfiut'-ijild *vio tor
6poek.tr. rirh the foQomring revolt f
jlx. fiaukj* of Muuw.
fir. ISdwfeop. of 111 g
Mr. Fuller, of Penn
Soatterinjr 3
Whole number of vote* givou
NeC'-s- irr to a choice* Ib4
Tli'-re three auhoeqoent ballotint,'® with lit
tle or no variation in result. wl*on. at quarter past
three o’clock, the adjourned.
IX SENATE Vrx. 31
A from th> President of tho United State*
wn» received and read.
A Her tho re ailing of the meoaago Mr. Ciaytop
made aouie reuiitrk»* relative te the treaty of April
19th, 1850, in ord< r t-.? show the poopk of the Cm tod
States the strength ot the position ua*uu>od by this
govermneut relative to Cetitrol American alTuira,
aud the ii.justice of the position taken by Great
Britain with regard to the construction of that treaty.
He agreed geneiaHy with aU the President Ltia
* toted ; and e nitraeted the pacific character of this
country' with the policy always pursued
by Great Britain.
Mr. Seward inquired whether the ground taken by
the BiitUL (fOTemment regarding tne construct ion
of the treaty, namely: that it wm merely prospective
iu its operatiou, and had no reference to the actual
occupation by that country or territory in question,
wan the understanding of the government of the
United Htab-e, when the treaty wivi made, Mr. Clay
ton then being Beoretary of .>tat^*.
Mr. Clayton replied it was an entirely new con
struction, Moinething of which he had never before
heard. He had never dreamed of such a construc
tion being given to the language of the tr«-nty. Doe*
any man suppose, said Mr. Clayton, that I, in jk>«-
sessiou of mv sen*M*s entered into a treaty with Great
liritain to allow her to remain in possession ot the
whole of this isthmus, merely because she had been
in possession of it, aud then signed a treaty to pro
hibit my own countrymen from taking posaeamon,
leaving her to remain undisturbed? What motive
could an American Senate have in voting for it ? I*
it possible any man can believe for a moment such
a view was ii» contemplation by the negotiations,
when it wan agreed “neither will occupy, colonise,
fortifv or exercise dominion" in Central America.
Occupy mean*, first, to take po*»c«won, « n( }
secondly to keep pf«se>u«ion. Great Britain agreed
to do neither; agreeing that they would not exerciso
dominion there. ' , .
Mr. Clayton concluded by off. ring a resolution
that the usual number of copies be prints! fid" the
use of the Senate, by the printer to the Senate, for
the last Congreßa, at rute« not exceeding those ee
tabUshed by low.
Mr. Cas»* exprewed In* entire concurrence with
what had fallen fr»m the lijin of Mr. Clayton, and hi*
gratification at the course taken by the I‘reaident,
mid the views enunciated bv the Mesnage. in the
whole history of the most tortuous diplomacy, there
wu* nothing to be found at all comparable with the
course of Great Britain regarding the construction
of the Clayton and Bulwer treaty and Central
American aHaim*
Mr. Weller commended the message. He believed
this country could never abandon the position she
had asHumed relative to Central America. How
ever the people of the United State* were divided
on qucHtiotiH of domestic policy, whenever war
menaced them they would ever be found acting in
harmony and unanimity. The message might be
denounced by pseudo philanthropists, but would
meet a cordial response from every friend of liber
ty and lover of the constitution of the Union.
Mr. Seward announced that he was prepared to
stand up and support the Clayton and Bulwer
treat v; and if need U-,—if the British Government
could not be held to that treaty—be was ready to go
further. He was ready for the assertion and practi
cal mnintainance of the Monroe doctrine.
•Mr. Toombs heartily concurred in the message,
both regarding its foreign and domestic policy.
Mr. Clayton's resolution to print the message was
agreed to.
it was also ordered that live hundred additional
copies of the annual reports of the Secretaries of tho
Treasury, Interior. War, and Navy and Postmaster
General'!).* printed for the use of those Departments;
also 200 additional copies of the message and other
documents for the use of each of the departments and
of the Attorney General.
After an executive session the Senate adjourned
to Thursday.
HOUSE.
linmi-ilintcly nfti-rtlio rc-mlinp; of the Journal, Sid
nr-v Webster, Keq.. the Privute Secretary of the
President, nppeured, announcing a Message from
the President of the United States, (treat excite
ment was prod Heed, amid which Mr. Clingnmu
moved that it be rend in order to hear what it wn*
Mr. Morgan called the yens and nays on the mo
tion Hint the message- be read. He wanted no
reading till the House was organized.
Mr. (lidding* and other* noxiously struggled for
the floor.
Mr. Cliugman did not know what the messnge
Contained, but the President hail n right, on the as
sembling of Congress, when iu his judgment it was
necessary, to coinmunientc in writing. The COll
- gives him Pint authority.
Mr. Campbell, of Ohio, contended that tho rend
ing of the message is transacting business,, and
holding that no business can be transacted until tho
House is organized, the sending of the message in
advance ofnu organization was an innovation.
Mr. Clingman said he wns perfectly willing that
gentlemen shall decide on n question of order.
Mr. Orr said that the constitution expressly re
cognizes thin body ns the House, saving that the
House of Kopreaeutntivcs shall choose their Speaker,
and other officer*. He thought that Mr. Campbell,
of Ohio, raised Ins point too soon. It was reeqeetful
to the President Unit the Message should be read.
Mr. Campbell, of Ohio, replied that it was utterly
iisi-le** to have it read unless they could do some
thing with it after it wns read.
Mr. Stephen* insisted that the message should bo
rend. It might contain matter* of. importance for
Congress to know.
Mr. Wasliburne of Maine t contended that this as
semblage was not a Congress, and the President
eannot communicate with it till it organizes.
Mr. Gid<lings said this was too great a question to
be decided technically. He wished to meet it frank
ly and boldly on its mcVita. It was an attempted
innovation on the practice of this Government. If
it was important for the President to onmmhnicnte
whv did he delay doing so for four weeks ? He
(Mr. O.) would not submit to such proceedings.
The debate concerning the constitutional power
of the President in the above promises proceeded,
during which Mr. Orr said that the sending of the
Message at this time was an innovation but the ex
traordinary scene here presented justified the Pru
dent in taking the responsibility. The question was
shall it be received?
Mr. Marshall thought the Message should In* re
reived and laid on the table till the House wns or
ganized.
The debate which was very exciting, terminated
in a refusal to receive the Message, and after an
other bullot for Speaker, the House adjourned till
Thursday.
IN SENATE January 3.
The financial report of the Secretary of the Trea
sury was received.
Mr, Mason moved that 10,000 copies be printed by
the printer to the Senate of the last Congress.
A discussion ensued ns to the power of tho Senate
to take such action, since it would, (ns was contend
ed on one side.) l>e a violation or evasion of the law
of the last session relative to the public printers.—
The resolution however was adopted.
Mr. Hale remarked that he wns not in his scat
when the President’s minimi message came in, else
he should have objected to its reception a# irregu
larly sent here. He would not pretend to state the
reasons why the President took such an extraordina
ry and unprecedented course, but Yankees are al
lowed to pacts . ami he would by no means presume
to eav that the President has taken fhis opportunity
to go*down on his knees to the South, because seve
ral Southern States are to hold democratic conven
tions on the Ml. January, [laughter.]
If that was the case, he was Horry the President
had token *o much pains for nothing. for there is just
as much chance for one of the Senate’s pages to be
i nominated for the Presidency as tor Mr. Pierce.—
[Laughter.) The*President*takes tip ptuch of his
message in talking about t Vntral 'American affairs,
but lie Hale) thought khore wns a place in the
central part of the United States on which the eyes of
tiie qeople an* turned with vastly more attention,
namely Kansas. I!** state*!, on the authority of Mr..
Calhoun that the Monroe doctrine so much talked
about was originally suggested by thq British Cabi
net. True, as koid*by the President, nets have *oc
cuiTeti in Kansas o.ohtrary to go«xl order, but tliev
had taken place by instigation of the President—
This is not the first time the President has delivered
u-lecture on slaverv.
It was insulting to the majority of this nation for
the Preshletit- to s«v, in efice*. that men who disa
gree wjth hint on* that ‘ subject are enemies of the
Constitution. Mr. Hale sternly rebuked such an
imputation. God, tor punishment of our national
sins, or the humiliation of our national pride, per
mits Mr. Pierce to occupy the Presidential chair ;
and he comes- down into the. arena of the deinn
goguw,.stripped of everything which should clothe
him with Executive dignity. ; Laughter.)
Mr. Wilson offered a resolution., wluch lie* over,
calling on the President ibr in forma don .relative to
the troubles in Koiukis.
The Senate then adjourned to Monday.
HOUSE.
Mr. Mace • offered a resolution that the acting
Doorkeeper of this House bo requested to lock ail
the dvH»rs b ailing to this hall instant* r : and' keep
them securely tosiMied til! a Speaker be elected, un-
U*s opened ibr llie admission of nbaeiit members.
[Laughter.)
. Mr. Mace aa»d tliat they had eoclfskistical prece
dent for this in the election of a Pope [laughter] to
succeed fle:ne;v4j V.. in IwS. The cardinals had been
tor nearly Three years unable to agree <m*thcTs!ifi!K* !
of n Successor, and were on the j*>int of breaking I
up, when the nuigistratc* ot Rome, by advice offct. |
llcujamiu, shut the gate* of the city, locking up the j
oaidittals till th* y agreed.
He was not so much of a Know Nothing as j
nv»t. to acknowledge th. binding authority ot this
precedent. (Laughter ) If the resolution should
Ik- adopjte*!. he v cut urea to say that the call* of na
ture Wi*uld be sueh, either for refreshments oi other- •
w isx . ‘.mghb'r] as to tVree an election in top houra,
[merriment.]
Oii motion pf Mr. Boyce, the resolution w‘a* ua
bledand the House again proceeds! to vote :
Bank-, lib? Richardson. 73 Full. r. 3:1; IVuninJf
ton, 6 scattering. s—m c« ssary to a choice 110.
Two additional vote# were tak* u with the samo
rt'sult.
Walkei, with the view of uniting tho conser
vative < It-ments, offere<i a res -lution d.-clnring Mr
lk*vee Sfwtaker. reganiing him as eminently quali
fied, aud ns having tnkeu no part in the de.'noe atic
caucus. The Arm*: ican party could not carry' ont
thchivrislies. and therefore he w,,s inclined to sarren
d*: Mr. Fuller solely for the purpo»*e of organization.
Mr. Gaiiowav mo veil to *ul*stitute the name Mr.
Ibuiks. and defended tlie Kepubhcane from Mr.
WaikerV i4iarge of s« i tionali-m. On the contrary,
they art' national, ee\*king to carv out the cardinal
principle of freedom.
Mr. Ibiiua appeale<i to M r . Banka* friend* to ac
commodate tht niseivos 4o To secure
»ome degree of harmony in all quarters he sugges
ted the name of Mr. Pemiingtoa fiv speaker.
Mr. Sage moved to table the resolution,
lb fore tiie vote wns announced various gentle
men took the opp«>rtunity to defim- their positkms !
The resolution was tabled—yeas 141, nays 75.
Mr. Corode offered a resolution that from and as- j
t« r San iday next no nwu?ber of the House be enti- !
tied to receiw daily pay till a speaker be elected.
This was received with laughter, an ! laid on the ta
ble.
The L uwe then took the IMh vote with the follow-
result.—Banks itil; Kiehards**n 7'2 : h'ulier 30: :
Pt nuingtou 6 ; seatt«*ring 5. Necemnr to a choice
10«
The House then adjourned.
\\ ashinoton. Jan 4.—The Sefiat. wa? in seeeion
today, but transacte*! no huc-mes* of unp*>nan<3e.
In the House. Mr. Boyce of s nth Carolina. rose
to a p»Ts*>ual explination. He thought he had fre- j
qu*-ntly express*-d the opinK*a tha: circumstances j
were he rr\ ing us txlnumi irreei-tibly towards a disao- !
lution of tJaa Union. It with profoumi regret,-!
h« saw a ptdjwrty formed at the North—based
upon the single idea of busu&ty to the institutkms of j
the South—& party which regarded "freed-*n as na- J
tional and slaveiy os aectiouaL ’ Tne constitution {
rueopnixes slavery and that instrument h the result
of a spirit of harmery aud compronhee* If that
party obtained of the CK*vemmeut, and
he thought h truuld. diseolntion would be the resulk
He did not d«ei:e that—God forbid iW
Mr. Aiiieon, ot Peunyiranio, eaid t. w «r» waa oo :
diepoeition on the part of tl»e party ap-'kec of by the
gentleman to war upon alvery. bit it oppteed it* ex- '
*k»a
The Hoaee then proceeded to ballot Ibr Speaker |
The result of the first wee at foliowa;
N. P. Bank#. (Ab.) Mass. 1«4
W. A. Rich jidson. fDem.l 111 93
H. M Fuller, rWhig* P« 3*
bcattcring
There bviug no choice, Mr Dunn, of Indiana,
the mostibers from Massacuuactto to sacrifice
thrV pcrsoßSl prodeiictions aud cast their votes for
Mr. Letter, of Oliio.
Mr. Underwood, of Ky., offered n resolution that
the first member on the list ~>f the House be nut in
nomination, and balloted for, and if he u n«*t ch<mcn,
take tbe next one, and so on, until a Speaker be
elected
The resolution was laid r»n the tab’a.
Another ballot taker., which resulted Lka the
oum gi v#u. and the Hous»r adjourned.
TtoCtutraJ American qu»>ti«a,
Ths iiaportenl diplomav- aana he- |
ils ot tub Viiwd £um uzl of
frzbdi BAi -ic uH Ute Cancel Am&ptu* jwuw*. k 4 !
Qfjgn made public It k 'TsZvmS&s*. ‘
W* 'hove spate only for eoncTw-UDg por tptL
wt.l sL. fully cjeplams the aMufted
by the rwo Goveranentf.
[3>fr. Ttl&rcy U) A/ r - Bucho7lC.n'±
Depxbtmlst or StaTß, >
WxjbixgToV, Aug. 6. 1855. )
James Buchanan, Kequirt. —!»r : The President
Is anxious to have the questions which have been
raised ou the treatv between the United States and
Great Britain, on tiie 19th of April, 1850, settled, if
possible, or at least brought to a distinct iesue before
you retire from your mission. The negotiation can
not be committed to any one who so well under
stands the subject in all its bearings as you do, or
who can so ably sustain and ©arry out the views of
the United States.
The President Las been unwilling to manifest im
patience at the delav, which Las attended this nego
tiation white her Mtgestrte Government jr as en
grossed by the war with Russia, but he deems it to
he but reasonable that it should now be urged to a
conclusion. It is important that the United States
abould know the position Great Britain is deter
mined to maintain relative to the Central American
questions.
I need not express to you th** surprise the Presi
dent felt on learning tile views of Her Mmesty's
Government, &» presented to you in Lord Claren
don's statement ot' the 2d of May, 1854, in regard to
Ruatan and the other Islands, constituting what
may now be looked upon n* the British Colony of
the' Bay Inlands. Theae views are considered by
this Government as not only contrary to the spirit,
but dir.*etly at variance with the clear language of
the Con vent ion of 1850.
After the very cogent argument contained in your
reply to that statement, the President ie unwilling to
believe that the position**, rather indicated than main
tained. by Lord Clarendon, relative to Ruatan, wili
!>e adhered to. If a stipulation so explicit in terms,
and ho elearlv applicable to the Bay Inlands, is to be
nullified by the mterpretation, every other provision
in that instrument, ho far a« it impose* obligations
upon Great Britain, may in tho name way, aud
with equal plausibility, be defeated.
Should Great Britain refuse to withdraw from
Ruatan and the other islands on the coast of the
.State of Honduras, her determination iu tiiat renp«>et
could not be regarded by the President os a non
compliance with the Htipulationa of the Treaty of
1850. The fact tliat these islands are a part «>f Cen
tral America is ho unquestionable, and the stipula
tion# of the Convention are so directly applicable to
them, that there eeems to be no room for raising a
question of interpretation.
After what was said to yon by Lo?-d Aberdeen,
when at the head of tho British Government, it is to
be hoped that the British pretension to hold Ruatan,
will be abandon*-d. If Great Britain still persists in
holding these islands, aud maintaining a colony
there, her determination to that effect should be
distinctly announced, ho that this Govermneut
may no longer be left in doubt as to her inten
tions. On this point you are instructed to &hk of
her Majesty’s Government iui explicit declaration.
The mum inducement which this Government
had, us you have well observed, for entering into
this treaty, was to prevent Great Britain from ac
quiring or exercising dominion in Central America ;
but this object is entirely defeated by the interpreta
tion which the British Government proposes to give
to that instrument. While the United States are
excluded from occupying, colonizing or exorcising
any dominion over any part of Central America, it
cannot be admitted tliat the same restriction is not
imposed upon Great Britain.
You are, therefore, directed to declare explicitly
to Her Majesty's Government, tliat the President
after a full consideration of what is alledged in Lord
( Tarendon’s statement of the ‘Jd of Mav, 1854, can
not entertain a doubt but that Great Britain is sol
emnly bound by the find articles of the Convention
of 1800, not to occupy, or fortify, or colonize, or as
sume, or exercise any dominion over Ruatan, or any
other of the inlands ou the ('oast of the Htatc of Hon
duras—known or described as the Bay Inlands—and
tliat be expects she will, in fulfilment of the stipula
tions of that Treaty abandon the j>osßeHHion she
now holds of thin part of Central America.
It would be Hupeifiuous to enlarge upon the views
you have taken of the British Protectorate over the
Mosquito Indians. The groundle«mefifl of the British
pretensions to exercise control or dominion in Cen
tral American affairs, under the shadow of the Pro
tectorate, i« ho clearly demonstrated iu your remark#,
in reply to Lord Clarendon’s statement, n« to super
sede further discussion on the subject. What effect
these remarks have produced on the British Govern
ment is not yet known. If they have received the
consideration due to them, I am sure they will open
the way to the peaceful adjustment of these embar
rassing* Central American oucstions.
It in not strange that Lora Clarendon should mani
fest some reluctance to have the foundation of the
British Protectorate over the Mosquitos explored;
but the rights claimed under it seem necessary to
have called for the examination which you have giv
en to the subject. The result of that examination
shows that the Mosquito Kingdom, ua a political
State, is, in any view of it, what Lord Palmerston
acknowledged it to be a mere fiction. Upon thia
admitted fiction, Great Britain now attempts to es
tablish an extensive sovereign power over an exten
sive region in Central America, and when required
bv the United .States to withdraw from the exorcise
of this power, in compliance with the stipulations of
tho Convention of 1850, she endeavors to cecape
from her obligation to do so by designating the do
minion she exercises na a protectorate.
A protectorate necessarily implies the actual exis
tence of a sovereign authority in the protected pow
er. The Mosquitos arc a convenience to sustain
British pretentions, but cannot be regarded as a
sovereign State. Lord Palmerston, as wa« evinced
by his remark to Mr. Rivers, took thia view of the
political condition of the Mosquitos, and it is bo ob
viously correct, that the British Government should
not be surprised if the United States consider the sub
ject in the same light.
It was the confident belief of the United Htaten
that this action of n Mosquito Kingdom had been
disposed of by the Convention, but very much to
their surprise it is uow resorted to as the basis of a
British dominion over an extensive region of Central
America.
Admitting that the Convention did not require the
absolute renunciation of the Moaquito Protectorate
—it imposed, hh in admitted, restrictions npon it.
After tlie conclusion of that treaty, it could not be
used for the purpose of occupying, fortifying, or col
onizing any pail of Centaal America t or for the pur
pose of assuming or exercising dominion over the
same.
Great Britain will not, I think, contend that it has
been thus practically restricted since the ratifica
tion of the Convention of 1850. There ia no visible
power, civil or military, in the Mosquito territory,
out that, wich is exorcised by the British subjects.
It i» understood, and indeed asserted by the Brit
ish Government, that the protectorate is only used
for the security of the rights of the Mosquito Indians,
and that it is ready to abstain from further interfer
ence in that country whenever these lights can bo,
in a proper manner,.guranteed to those Indians.
This is a question 1m tween the State of Nicaragua
and those Indians, with which neither Great Britain
nor the United States has any business to interfere,
except in friendly conference with Nicaragua.
Were this the* only difficulty in carrying out the
convention of 1850, as it is understood by the United
States, I should entertain but little doubt that satis
factory adjustment might be made of the Central
American question. 1 apprehend, however, that
there wilTbe more difficulty in inducing Great Brit
inn to comply with the stipulations of the Treaty, by
Huireuerding the. territory encroached on-by her sub
jects, between the Sibun and Saratoon rivers. Her
claim to hold possession of this part of Central
America is as groundless as her pretensions to the
Bay Islands.
It is difficult to conceive how the argument which
you have submitted to Her MAjcsty’s Government
against this claim can be refuted. Great Britain
cannot hold this Territory .without assuming or ex
ercising doihiniou over a part of Central America,-
and tills she has, in the most explicit manner, and in
the strongest terms, convenantcd not to do.
If she can succeed in her attempt to convert the
license to cut logwood at the Belize, within the
limits specified by her treaties with ftpain of
1783 ana 1786, into a sovereign right over that ter
ritory, and extend it so as to cover the region Ire
tween the Si bun and Sarstoon, she will in that wav
destroy the mutuality of the Convention of 1850.
It was the manifest intention of that instrument to
exclude both of the contracting parties from holding
as well as acquiring, territorial possessions in Cen
tral America. This intention was not clothed in
ambiguous language, but was set forth in explicit
terms. The United States have bound themselves
not to’.acquire any such possessions, and Great
Britain has stipulated not to assume or exercise any
dominion over any pail, of Central America. Tins
covenant is in no wise restricted by the explanatory
note of the negotiations of the Ith of July, 1850.
The United States have a right to insist, and do
insist that the posse* fious of the British Government
at Belize shall be restricted to the limit*? and objects
specified in the Spanish grant, and that ail bewnd
those limits foiling within Central America shall bo
relinquished. *
You are instructed by the President to urge upon
Her Britannic Majesty's Government this view,
-and to claim a compliance with it as demanded by
the stipulations of the Convention of 1850.
The British government having been furnished
with the views entertained .by the "President in re
gard to the obligations imposed by the Convention
ho expects that it will be equally explicit on its part.
He docs'nor doubt that the interest of the two
countries, and the mutual desire to maintain exist
ing amiable relations, will alike, inspire each party
with a conciliatory spirit which w ill enable them to
overcome obstacle* to a satisfactory adjustment.
I am, Sir, respectfully* your obedient servant,
\V. L. Marcy.
*[ Mr. Buchanan to Mr. Morey.]
Leo.vtujs of the United States )
Lo n dqn , Sept. 11, I<S55. 5
* .Sir : 1 have the honor of transmitting to voa-the
copy of a note which I this day addressed to Lord
Cuirendou on the Central Americon questions, in
; obetlb nee to your instructions of the -6th ultimo.
liVI.) I shall, of course, bo anxious to learn
whether it has received the lhvsi dent's approbation.
It has been prepared with much care, my purpose
' having been to employ conciliatory language, so
far rs.tliis might be done consistently with the Presi
dent's instructions, and the attainment of the ob
ject* he had in \.iew. Yours, very respectfully, '
JAME- DI’CHA.*UH.
Hon. Wm. L. Marcy, Secretary of Stats.
[A/r. Bur ha nan to Lord. Clarendon.]
The undersigned, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary of* the United Skat*#, has
been Instructed bv the 'President again to call the
attention of the £arl of Clarendon, Her Majesty's
Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affair*. to
tin l Central American questions pending between
the two Governments, under the Convention
of the 19th of April, ISSO.
The President ha*' directed the undersigned, before
retiiing from his mission, to request from the British
Go\ emment a statement of the positions which it has
determined to maintain in regard to the Bay Islands
—the territory between the Sibun and the darstoon,
a* well a* the Balize Settlement, and to the Mus
quito Protectorate. The long delay in asking for
this information has proceeded from the President's
reluctance to manifest any impatience on this im
portant subject whilst the attention of Her Majesty's
tiovemmenment was engrossed by the war with
Hussio. But as more than a rear has already elapsed
since the termination of the discussion on tueee
qut-stious, and .as the first session of Congress ia ra
Eidlv approaching, the President does not feel that
e would be justified in any longer delay. Whilst
it is far from the purpose oi* the undersigned to re
open the general discussion, he has been instructed
to communicate to the Earl of Clarendon the conclu
sion* at which the President has arrived upon the
whole case.
After having carefully reviewed and reconsidered
all the questions involved, with the light cast upon
them by the Earl of Clarendon's statement of the
2d of May, 1854. the Pi evident has expressed ni? un
willingness to bcheve that the poskious which he
conceive* to be rather indicated therein than finally
adopt* d. will be adhered to by the British Govern
meuL
It was in his opinion, the manifest intention of the
Convention to exclude both contracting portae* from
holding or occupying as well as from acquiring terri
torial posse-*-ion in Central America, and that this
intention is not clothed in ambiguous language, but
is set forth in explicit terms. The United Mates
have I*ound themselves not to acquire any such pos
sessions, and Great Britain has stipulated not to
‘assume or exercise any dominion over any part of
Central America.” Indeed, without sneh reciprocal
engagement .no neutrality whatever would Lav* exis
ted between the covenant* of the contracting partiea.
White the United foe tea are excluded from occupy
ing, oolouuiug. or axtreioing dominion over any
part *f Centre: Ameriea, it eannaM he admitted that
U*« a&ine reauietioa, imposed in the vary aam* late
gunge i* not equally appßaabi* to Greet BritakL
Toe Pre4tdent. !h*retore, eonlMsctlv believes that
Groat Britain is bound by the first article of the con
vention oflßso, to withdraw from the poascssioL she
now bokis of Rn&tan and the other Central Arceri
snn islands on tbs ooa** of she Stew of Honduras
tween the Sibun end the S«r?t»*on, trhich ban been
eucroachedupon by ifr*r Mai* sty'* *ubje<*ts. He if
a’s *of opinion that the p •&?</*©;• »u ot the British Gc
verarjeat at the Belize should be restricted to the
limits and obj.,‘dte specified in the treaties between
Great Britain and Spain, of 1783 and 17v>.
In regard to the aliedgcd Protectorate over the so
call'd Mneqniio the President has instruc
ted t'ie undersigned to say ii «,'u* his confidential bc
lief that this Protectorate bad U-t-n finally disposed
of by the Con Tent ion. It is. therefore, much to bis
regret that he finds it is still continued ns the basis
of British dominion ©Ter an exteiuuv© region in Cen
tral America.
Even although Great Britain admit* that the Con
vention imposed restrictions on the protestors’.*
•iaixQad, vet sne sull evutinue* to ©xereise ton same
dominion over the Mosquito Coast, trhish she had
doao bmZj rs its data. Ind**d. at the present sno
xfcacr ao raihla lows;-, strii or saL;&rr. csisi* in
y? u
vs Bririsu subsets, nofwkhs;andfrig tbs
expressly prohibits both perries from tiffing any pro-
which either may afford to any State or poo*
pis. oof the purpose of occupying. fuxoMng, or coko
idzinjj tbs Mnsquiro Coast *<ir any part of CsntTal
Am«iisa. or for the purpose of or sxcreie
ing dominion over the tame.
The dederation of the British Government that his
protectorate is only employed for tbe security of the
rights of the Mosquito Indians, and that it is ready to
abstain from further interference in that country',
whenever these rights cah, in a proper manner, be
guaranteed to them, cannot be re*vyni7ed by the
Cnrv*d States, as having any foundation in the Con
vention. The President considers this to be a ques
tion between Nicaragua and the Indians within its
territory, with which neither Great Britain m>£ the
ITnited States lias any right to interfere. «LC©pt in
friendly conference ’with the authorities of that
s^tate.
Having thua distinctly presented to the BritWi
Government the view* of the Government of the
United States in regard to th*- obligation-} imposed
by tli** Convention of I*o<J, the President feels uA
sured that the Earl of Clarendon will, with chorao
teristic frankness, be equally explicit in presenting
the views of the British Government in regard t«>
th<*«o obligations.
In conclusion, the undersigned is instructed to
“tato that the President does not doubt that the in
terest of the two countries, and their mutual dt*eir©
to maintain existing friendly reiations will ohke in
spire each party with a conciliatory spirit, and ena
ble them to overcome all obstacles to a sritisiuctory
adjustment of the Central Americrtn question.
The undermgm-d has tiie honor to renew to the
Karl of Clarendon the assurance* of his distin
guished consideration. (signed)
Jamks BrrniSAK.
The Right Honorable the Enrl of Clarendon, 6tc.
Mr. Buchanan to Mr. Marcy.
[Extract. I
LEGATION OF THE UNITED STaTFS, >
Ixmdon, Oct -1,1855. \
fciß:—l have now the h<*nor of transmitting to you
a eopy of the note of Lord Ulureridou, of the slßth,
r*}Ct*ive<l by me on the 29th ultimo in answer to my
note of tiie 11th ultimo, on tiie Central Anujrioun
questions ; an wid as a copy of my reply, dated on
tiie 4th instant. Lord Clar« ndon ia note is of such u
character n* might have boon anticipated, after the
conversation between lu* Lordship and ravaolf on
the sth April last, reporb-d in my dispatch (No. 66) of
the 7tii ot tliat month. This note has Wen rccei ved so
much sooner than I had anticipated, that if I were now
in p<**aoHHion of my letter of recall I might return on
the Gth < )ctober, as I had originally determined. It
i is imp*j*s;ble, however, I should Leave before thin
' letter shall arrive, and it is certainly proper under ull
j tiiecircuinstaiicfcs that 1 should remain here no longer
than may be necessary. If, therefore, it shall not
have been forwarded before tiie arrival of this dis
patch, I trust it may be sent by the next succeeding
: steamer. * 1 * * * * *
Yours, v 047 r«*epectfuUy,
Jamrs Buchanan.
Hon. Wm. L. Marcy, Secretary of State.
[ljord Clarendon to Mr. Buchanan.]
The undersigned, Her Majesty's Principal Secre
tary of State for Foreign Affairs, bus tiie honor to
acknowledge the receipt of the note which Mr. Bu
chanan, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni
potentiary of the United States, addressed to him on
the 11th iust., stating that he hud been directed by
the. President, before retiring from his mission, to
request from the British Government u statement
of the positions which it has determined to maintain
in regard u> tiie Bay Islands, to the territory between
tiie Sibun and the Hnrstonn, as well us the
Belize settlement, and to the Mosquito Protectorate,
and setting forth the conclusions at which tbo Presi
dent has arrived upon the whole case ; uamelv, that
it was the intention of the Convention of the f9th of
April, I*so, to exclude both the contracting putties
from holding or occupying, as well as from acqnir
ing Urn!urial possessions in Central America, and
that consequently Great Britain is bound to with
draw front tiie possession she now holds of Ruatan,
and other Central American Islands on the coast of
tiie .State of Honduras, os well ns from the territory
in Central America, between the Sibun and the
Sarstoon ; that the of the British Govern
ment at the Belize should be restricted to the limits
and objects specified in the treaties between Gn at
Britain and Spain of 1783 and 1786 ; and that the
protectorate of the so-called Mosquito Kingdom was
finally disposed of by the Convention.
The undersigned observes with pleasure, that
while thus expressing the opinion of the President
of the United States on tiie several points thus enu
merated, Mr. Buchanan announces that it is far
from his purpose to re-open the general discussion
upon thorn. Her Majesty 's Government had indeed
refrained from persuing that discussion, by replying
to note of the 22d of July, 1854, be
cause it appeared to them that the continuation of
the correspondence was not likely to lead to any
satisfactory conclusion, and as Her Majesty's Go
vernment arc still of that opinion, the undersigned
will confine his answer to Mr. Buchanan's present
note within the same limits as those which Mr. Bu
channnn has prescribed to himself.
In answer, therefore, to the question put by Mr.
Buchanan, the undersigned has the honor to state to
him that Her Majesty's Government adhere to the
opinion trhich they hat'e uniformly held, that the
Convention of April 19, 1850, tra* merely prospective
in its operation , and did not in any way interfere
with the state of things existing at the time of Its
conclusion.
If it had been intended to do so, there can l>c no
Suestion, but that in conformity with what the un
ersigned believes to be the universal rule in regard
to instruments of this nature, it would have con
tained in specific terms a renunciation on the part of
Great Britain of the possession and rights which, up
to the conclusion of the Convention, she had claimed
to maintain, and such renunciation would not have
been loft as a mere matter of inference.
Neither can her Majesty's Government subscribe
to the position that if the Convention did not bear
the meaning attached to it by the Government of
the United States, it would have imposed upon the
Government of the United Stab* a self denying ob
ligation which was not equally contracted by Gri'at
Britain, and that such a state of tilings could not
have been in the intention of the contracting par
ties ; because, if tiie Convention did beur tho moan
ing attached to it by the United Stiites, it would
then have imposed upon Great Britain the obliga
tion to renounce possession and rights without any
equivalent renunciation on tb«* part of the United
States. If the Government of tiie United States
can complain in tiie one case of the Convention as
presenting an unilateral character unfavorable to
the United States, with much greater reason might
the Government of Great Britain, in the other case,
if the assumption of the United States were to be
acted upon in tho construction of the Convention,
complam of it as prejudicial to England.
Bat, looking at the object the contracting parlies
had in view at the conclusion of the Convention,
namely, the security of the proposed Ship Canal, the
British Government consider tliat the design of the
contracting parties was not to disturb any state of
things then existing, but to guard against the future
creation of a state of things which might, by possi
bility, interfere with the security of the Convention
is obvious from the provision in the sixth article, by
which the contracting parties engaged to invite
every State to enter into stipulation* with them,
similar to those contained in th«* Convention. But if
the positions of the United States Government were
sound, and the Convention was intended to interfere
with the state of things existing at the time of its
conclusion, and to impose upon Great Britain to
withdraw from, portions of territory occupied by it,
a similar obligation would be contracted by other
States, according to the Convention, and tiie Gov
ernment of Central American States would by the
mere act of accession sign away their rights to tho
territories in which they are suited.
• The British Government share tho conviction of
the President of the United States, that tho interest
of the two countries and their mutual desire to main
tain existing friendly relations, will alike inspire each
party with the conoiliatoryspirit, and enable them
to overcome all obstacles to a satisfactory adjust
ment of Central American questions.- The British
Government Hce no reason* why it should be other
wise. The British Government neither have the
wish to extend the limits of their possessions, or tho
sphere of their influence in that quarter, nor would
any British interest bo promoted by .doing so; but
the British govemment.are not. prepared to contract
either the one. or the other in pursuance of the inter
pretation of a Convention; to "which interpretation
they cannot subscribe.
The undersigned requests Mr. Buchanan to accept
the assurance of his highest consideration.
"(Signed) Clarendon.
Foreign Office, Sept. 28, 1855.,
[Mr. Buchanhn to Lord Clarendon.]
The undersigned, Envoy Extraordinary and Min
ister Plenipotentiary of the United States, bus tho
honor iO acknowledge the receipt of tho note of the
Earl of Clarendon, Her Majesty’* Principal Secreta
ry of Btato for Foreign Affaire, dated on the *JSth
ultimo, in reference to the Central American ques
tions, between the two Government* ; amt he will
not fail to transmit a copy of tho same bv the next
steam* r to the Secretary of State at Washington.
Whilst far from intending to renew the general
diecuseion of these questions, which hoa already
been exhausted, the undersigned, in pacing, would
make a single observation in regard to the Earl of
Clarendon's remarks- that if the Convention of li>tii
of April, had intended that Great Britain
should withdraw from her possessions in Central
America, “it would have contained in sp*-cific terms
a renunciation” to that effect. “ and such renuncia
tion would not have been left as a mere matter of
inference." . .
>' r : .i appears to the undersigned that an enga
gement by n party not “to occupy or exercise do
minion” over the territory of which that party is in
the actual possession at the date of the engagement, is
equivalent, in all respects, to an agreement to with
draw from such territory. Under these circumstan
ces, this is not “a mere matter of inference,” be
cause the one proposition is necessarily and insepa
rably involved in the other, and they are merely al
ternative modes of expressing the sume idea. In
such a case, to withdraw is not to occupy; and not
to occupy is necessarily to withdraw.
The undersigned needs no apologj for briefly ad
verting to another argument of the Earl of Claren
don. because it has now for the first time been ad
vanced. lie states that “if the proposition of the
United States Government were sound, and the
Convention was intended to interfere with the suite
of tilings existing at the time of its conclusion and
to impose upon Great Britain to withdraw from por
tions of territory occupied by it, a similar objection
would be contracted by the other States according
to tm* Convention, under the 6th article,) and the
Government of the’Central American States would,
bv the mere act of accession, sign away tlieir rights
to the territories in which they are situated.”
Confining himself strictly t*' this view of the sub
ject. the undersigned would observe, that notwith
standing the general terms employed by the Con
vention. an examination of its provisions, and espe
cially of the Sixth Article itself, will provev it
never intended that the Central American State*
should become joint parties to this treaty with the
United States, Great Britain and other Govern
ments exterior to Central America. These States
are ths subjects o» which ths guarantees of the
Convention were to act, and the exclusion of all
other power* from the occupancy of Central Ameri
ca, with a view, not only to the aecnrity of thia
Canal, bat all other Canals and Railroads across the ;
Isthmus was one of the main objects to be aecom- ]
plL*hed bv this Treaty.
The Earl of Clarendon hfw himself intimated bow
absurd it would be for the Central American Gov
ernment to become parties to this Convention ac
cording to the American construction. It would,
however, be none the less absurd according to the
British construction; becousc then no Central Ame
rican State could accede to the treaty without con
fining itself for ever within its existing boundaries,
and agreeing not to add to its ierritoty and extend
its occupation under any possible circumstances
which might arise in the future.
Besides, were it possible for Nicaragua, for exam
ple. to become a party to this joint Convention, ahe
would then take upon herself the extraordinary ob
ligation, to use her own influence with herself, under
the tth Article to induce herself to facilitate the
construction of the C anal, and to us- her good office*
to procure from herself “the establishment of two
free one at each end of the Canal,” both these
ports being within her own limit*. Congequences
almost equally extraordinary would result from
other portions of the Convention.
The undersigned has the honor to renew to tha
Earl of Clarendon the assurance of. hi* distinguished
consideration. {Signed! James Buchasa*.
legation of the United States. London, O*L 4,
liSX _
Hit rof fDftd traveQug In liHauhi and odm Was
«r& was muafc d«r*no*J !a*t by the tn
t«o#tv gold weath«\andthe w*rw whkh preceded
it TTedneedav, at Chiehago. Wus Intensely cold,
and the trains due there were twenty-five hour* be
hind time. The sleighing i« ewlkul from Albany
to the entrern* Weet
WEEKLY
(Lfjronidc ft jlmtincl.
AUGUoTA, GA
WEDNESDAY MORNING JAN’Y 9, 185IJ.
New Type.
The Cheoxicls A Ss.sti.vbl makes its ap
pearacoe this morning in an entire new dree», which
we trust ear friends will approve, however they may
the taste displayed in the selection. In one
ibdng we are quite sure they will eoaenr with ue—if
set
The Pre*islem’3
Wx lay before our raadet l this n*>n£ngy theionfp*
expected and deferred Preoldent's .Message. TV*
presume hie impatience would not permit him to
withhold it onv longer, and he determined to spread
it before the oountry, regardless of the disorganised
condition of the House. In this he was right, and
we hope the very pointed rebuke which the not ad
ministers, may be of service to that body. Having
rwvivwl but one copy, sre have not bad ap oppor
tunity to read it, itnd must defer any comments to
some future day, if we deem ii worthy. That it wIU
be eagnriy read by all is quite certain.
Gratuitous Advertising*
Wff have go long been the victim of the system of
gratuitous advertising, submitted to by the press ot
the South generally, tLut we think it quite time to
reliev** oursc-lve* and our journal from the unjust
burthen, and require all men to pay for all and every
notice, of whatever shape or character, that appear*
iu this paper. It is a* unjust as oppressive on us, to
to expect, that because a man takes our paper, or
gives us an occasional advertisement, that we must
therefore call public attention to his advertiseuieut
or business, or publish a marriage, death, obituary
or funeral notice, without charge. Lie might, with
equal propriety, demand of his greocr to give him a
[M>und of rice, because he had purchased a.pound of
sugar ; or bis dry-goods merchant a yard of linen,
because ho had purchased a yard of silk. We get
no labor or material that we do not have to pay for,
and if individuals desire their use they must in future
pay for them. We have therefore resolved, in fu
ture, to charge as advertisements all marriages,
deaths, funeral and obituary notices published in
our paper, and to make a charge for all other notices
designed to promote the private business or interests
of individuals, of whatever character.
To (-ontracc Advertisers*
‘‘Give an inch and take an ell,” is an adage as
antiquated as true, and is daily most beautifully il
lustrated by almost all men who advertise by tho
rear, a system which is all wrong, and to which the
press ought never to submit; but we are in it, and
must therefore eruluavoi to “Judge” well to protect
ourselves. We have accordingly added an addi
tional clause in our terms, to which we invite the at
tention of ihoae who contract to advertise by the
year.
Death of Juduo Berrien.
It becomes our melancholy duty to chronicle the
death of one of Georgia's most distinguished and gift
ed sous, the Hon. John McPherson Berrien,
who died at his residence iu Savannah, on the let
iust., about 9 o'clock A. M., in the seventy-fifth
year of his age, having been horn on the 23d day of
August, 1781.
Tuo fame of Juge Bkkrirn is not only familiar us
household words to every citizen of Georgia, but is
eo-oxtensive with tho whole Union; and wherever
known, he was almost universally acknowledged one
ot tho most profound and learned lawyers, and
among the most gifted and accomplished orators and
statesmen of the country —in Georgia he had no
superior, if any equal. The Charleston Courier
nays of him most truly:
“ The decoasixl served his State ably, nobly, nr.d
with honorable acceptance, in sundry trusts of worth
and grave responsibility, and in all exhibited the
higher and better qualifies which a Southern con
stituency appreciate and honor, when found iu such
rare conjuuc'ion with superior talents. He had
borne long und faithfully iu a varied career, the
honors which the unreserved confidence of his
countrymen could bestow, and his death Ims canon
ized another bright exemplar worthy of being held
in reverence by these who would servo their coun
try.”
We clip the following brief sketch of hie long and
distinguished life and eminent public services, from
the Savannah Courier :
The parental ancestors of Judge Berrien, were
Huguenots. Fleeing from France to Holland on the
revocation of the Edict of Nantes, two brothers em
igrated to this country and settled,*the oue on lying
Island, the other in New Jersey.
His parental grandfather, John Berrien, was one
of the Judges of the Supreme Court of New Jersey.
The father ofthe subject of this narrative, Maj. John
Berrien, came to Georgia at a very early age. To
wards the close of the Kevolutionuiy \\ or he mar
ried, in Philadelphia, Margaret Maopherson, the
sister of John Maopherson, (aid-00-cainp of General
Montgomery, who fell at Quebec,) and of General
William Maopherson, who served tho American
army until the close of the war. The latter gentle
man had n commission in the British army, and the
company under his command was stationed at New
York liut being unwilling to boar arms against his
■ countrymen, he applied for permission to resign,
which was granted, coupled with a condition that
he should not leave the British lines, w ithin which
he remained under tiie surveillance of a soldier, be
ing indulged, however, with the liberty of going in
pursuit of ducks on the East River, attended by his
guard. Having one day advanced some distance
from the city, lie put liia fusee to tiie head of his at
tendant, and ordered him to pull him oyer to the
Long Island shore, where he was received by a
party of Americans.
Tnis fact being known to Congress, that body
gave him a Major's commission in the American
army. Major Berrien having returned to Georgia
after the termination of his military service to pro
-1 pare for the reception of his family, Ids wife
was left at his mother’s 1 louse in New Jersey.
Tiiis house had been the head-quarter* of tiie
army, and from it Washington * farewell address to
1 that gallant band was issued. Here the subject of
this sketch wus born, on the 23d, of August, 1781.
Mr. Berrien, then, could claim a double nativity:
in New Jersey, the pluce of his octiiul birth, and in
(Georgia, thut of his father,# domicil, to which ho
was brought when a few mouths old. His academical
education was obtained at various schools in New
York and New Jersey, and he was graduated at
Princeton at tho ago of fifteen. It is not unworthy
•f note that this time-honored institution, in 183*)
conferred upon him the degree of Doctor' of Laws,
•n the occasion of his delivering an address before
its two literary societies.
Returning* to Georgia, he commenced the study of
law under the direction of the Hon. Joseph Cluy,
and such was his assiduity, that before he had at
tained the age of oighteen’yours he wus admit tod to
tha bar. He opened his office first at Louisville,
then tiie seat of government, and afterwards in the
•ity of Savannah, and applied himself with inde
fatigable industry to the profession iu which he had
embarked. His books were his delight, and to his
studious habits in the early stages of his legal career
may doubtless be attributed the grout success which
ho afterwards met with, and whicn placed him among
the first lawyers in America.
In November, .1809, he was elected Solicitor of
the Eastern District of tiie State of Georgia, and tho
following year J udge of tho same district. At this
period the. judicial term was limited to throe years,
and Mr. Berrien was* elected four times to tliat office.
The war with'England from 1812 to 1815, in the
earlier portion of Mr. Berrien’s judicial career, und
the excitement of the public mind in such a crisis,
in no *;nall degree added to the responsibilities or
his station.
During the long period in which Judge Berrien
presided in the Eastern Circuit, it is natural to con
clude thut cases involving human life must have
been often brought before him. Upon such occa
sions, whilst he te.lt it to be his duty to see that tho
mandates of the law wero strictly observed, he
never failed to show to those arraigned before him
for offences, the utmost sympathy, and every indul
gence not inconsistent with the obligations he owed
to the public weal.
During a part of the time In which the deceased
occupied a upon the bench, as has already been
stated, war existed between England and the U. 8.
With a regiment of volunteer cavalry under his
command, he performed a short tour of service at
Darien, while the British forces were upon tiie Is
land of Bt. Simons, and in tho adjacent waters, but
did not come into contact with the enemy.
Mr. .Berrien resigned his office us Judge in the
.second year of his fourth term, and returned to the
"practice of law, which soon became very extensive.
Iu 18*22 and 1823, be represented tiie county of
Chatham in the .State Senate, and us the journals of
that body will show, with distinguished ability.
A wider field, however, for the exercise’of hi*
talents was reserved for him, viz : the Senate of the
United States, to which he was transferred by the
Legislature of Georgiu in 1824, and took his seat in
that b«xiy on the 4th of March, 1825.
During tiie period of Mr. Berrien's senatorial
term, above referred to, there was not a subject of
general interest with which he did not display con
suicate knowledge. His speeches before the Senate
were always listened to with profound attention, and
acquired for him tiie reputation of being one of the
unost gilted orators and übk- statesmen in our coun
try.
Id 1829, Mr. Berrien received the appointment of
Attorney General of the United States, inconse
quence of which he cesigned his seat in the Senate.
For this office his great legal attainments eminently
qualified him, but owing to a want of concert iu
Frerident Jackson's Cabinet, he resigned his office
in 1831, and resumed the practice of his profession
in the city of Savannah, and continued in it until
1841, serving intermediately in a State Convention
which had been called to consider tiie ratio of repre
sentation in the Legislature.
In 1840, Mr. Berrien was again elected to the
Senate of the United States, and took Lis seat on
the 4th of March, 1841. Tid# period of our country's
history will long be remembered for the important
and delicate political question* which agitated the
council* of the nation. Iu them the deceased took
a prominent part, and added to the fame he
had already acquired.
At the sessioo-pf the Georgia Legislature in 1841.
a series of resolutions were passed, disapproving of
Berrien * political course on the subject of a
Ntaional Bank, Distribution of tiie Proceod* of the
the Public Lands, the Bankrupt Law, and a Protec
tive Tariff ; and instructing lam to vote against
these measure*. On receiving the resolutions, he
issued an address to the people of Georgia, in which,
after discussing various political issues, he entered
into a full consideration of the doctrine of Legisla
tive instructions, which he deemed as a usurpation
of power equally inconsistent with the Constitution
of ihc Btate and of United States. Os this ad
dress. Judge Story, in a letter to its author, dated
14th of February* 1843. spoken as follows:
“ I have read your address with unfeigned satis
fsotion. It was’in every respect worthy of yourself
and your principles; and I neartly concur in your
powerful, and, in my judgement, conclusive reason
ing upon oil the topics which you have discussed.
Your argument upon what is called the ‘right of in
struction’.' is exceedingly cogent, and, as I think,
unanswerable. If ever my work on the constitution
shall reach another edition, I mean to extract the
passage, and use it in that work.’’
The *.*aion of the Legislature of 1843 reversed
the action of it* predecessor, by the passage of reso
lutions iu the highest degree complimentary to him
as a man and to his course as a statesman.
Thus sustained by the Legislature anti people of
Georgia. J udge Berrien continued in the discharge
•f his public duties in the Senate of the United 1
State*; and in 1847 was elected for another term of
six rear*, which would have terminated on the 4th
of March, 1853; but he resigned Lis seat in May,
1852, and retired to private iife.
The manner in which his resignation was an*
nounc«xi to the Senate by that excellent man. the
late Vice President King, and the remark* of the
Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, on the occa
sion, afford evidence of the high estimation in which
Mr. Berrien was held in that body. As we have
already said, Mr. Berrien bore Lis full share in the
discussion of the exciting subjects which animated
the Senate. He was ever tue uncompromising ad
vocate «f the constitutional right* of tfce pesple of
Georgia ; but be Sought with equal zeal to advance
tho interests, and steadfastly to preserve the integri
ty of tLe Union.
After his resignation, Judge B. remained in re
tirement up to the time of his deaease, oeaaaion&iljr
appearing ra the Court* as assistant Counsel, and at
pubfia meetings of his fellow<«itixens of Savannah
— unrww-rved at all tim*-*. tn the expression of his
political sentiment*, yet taking n© active pert !n the
•trife of parties. -His last public apppearanee, tft
we have already elated, was as a delegate to, *gd
| President of the late Convention of the American
| Party, held at Milledgeville.
In the conclusion of the memoir of the deceased,
whicli appears in the Georgia Historical Collection,
nod from which the foregoing is, for tbe most part,
taken, it is tinted that Judge Berrien was a worthy
memi*er of trie Protestant Episcopal Church, and in
its State and General Conventions always acted a
prominent part
FnnerAl of Jnd«c Berrien.
The Savannah Republican, of Friday, say* : **The
solemnitic* yesterday, deigned a* the last sad rites
of friendship and Christian duty to our late distin
guished oitizeu, Judga Berrien, were worthy of the
illustrious dead, and of those who assembled to do
honor to his memory. It was a fit recognition of
departed wertii; no gorgeous display «• hsartieos as
is is but the a&eetionate sad oaeete hem
uge of those that l»r«d Mm,
“Aeear&ng to tiie previous nnnnanoemeot, the
ftinermi sanies* w*reeel*bratec at Christ Cbrreb,of
width the dceeased Was for many year* a oommnni*
©ant, at 3 o'clock, P. M. The woathei was moet
unpropitioua, yet iocg before the hour appointed for
the sendee*, a large number of citizen* of all classes
bad collected in the Church, and on the streets and
in tiie square in front of It, to testify their respect
for ti»© private worth and public services of the dc<
parted. The Georgia Hussar*, of whom he was the
first commander, wore brought into line in front of
the Church, and received tiie corpse upon it* arrive!
in charge of t committee of citizens, with a funeral
dirge from their band. The body wu« enclosed in an
elegant rnetalic coffin, highly polished and Col»ii*ed in
iinitatiou of root wood. It was received at tiie door
us the Church by the Rt. Roy. Stephen Elliott, Bish
op of Georgia and pastor of Christ Church—by the
surviving Warden and Vestrymen of the Church,
(the deceased being aeuior Warden j and the War
dens and Vestrymen of St. John's Church. It was
then borne down the aisle and placed in front of the
chancel, where it remained during the solemn servi
ces tliat followed. These were conducted by Bishop
Elliott, in a most solemn and affecting manner, ac
cording to tiie forms of the Episcopal Church.
“The services being over, the body was returned to
the hearse, and thence, escorted by the Hussars,
was followed to Luurel Grove Cemetery by one of
tiie largest and most imposing processions ever wit
nessed in this city. Arrived at tiie place of sepulture,
the body was lowered to its Inst resting place, and
the burial services read by Bishop Elliott. The Hus
sars then fired a aulute over the grave, and in o fmv
monumts the manly form, which we have so long
loved to gaze upon, whs hid forever beneath the
clod* of the valley.”
“Tho* luis passed nway Georgia's greatest son—a
profound statesman, an unrivalled jurist, a finished
orator, an accomplished gentleman, and an humble
ohristion. To his children and hi* countrymen he
has left an invaluable legacy in his own spotless and
illustrious example.”
Oar Relation* with England.
Wk devote much of our space to-day, to tiie cor
respondence between the two Governments, in rela
tion to the Ceatton’ and Bclwer Treaty, showing
the construction put upon that document by each.
Tliat the position token by the British Ministry is
not sustained by the Treaty, will be very apparent
to every intelligent mind, and that it should not be
acquiesced iu by the United States, we feel confident
will bo the unanimous sentiment of the American
people, whatever may be the consequences.
We should deprecute exceedingly a collision of
arms with Great Britain, (nor do we believe that
there is a necessity for such u resort in the adjust
ment of this question, or thut tiie English people will
permit tiie Ministry to involve them in a war upon
such an absurd construction of the Treaty,) yet,
rather than permit England thus to disregard her
treaty stipulations, we should not hesitato to main
tain our rights by force of arms, if necessary, in the
final arbitrament. We ore always the advocate of
peace, so long ns it may be preserved with honor ;
yet, there are times in the history of governments,
when u resort to arms becomes indispensably neces
sary to the preservation of right; and when that is
the case, no nation that expects to command the re
spect of the world or its own people, should hesitate
a moment as to it 6 true policy.
We repeut, however, that we do not apprehend a
collision of arms; for wo cannot suppose that the
people of England would so stultify themselves, as
to permit the Ministry to involve the two countries
in war, when they are so clearly in the wrong. They
could not engage in a war with any nation on the
globe that would be so disastrous to their commerce,
and as that is the great lever which direct* her na
tional policy, we look forward with confidence to a
propei' and peaceablo adjustment of the question.
SOUTHERN CVXTIVATOR.
OPINIONS OF PRACTICAL PLANTERS.
The Fourteenth Volume of the .Southern Cul
tivator commences with the January number,
and wo call the following unsolicited opinions of its
value from hundreds of similar letters received at
the office of publication. As thee© ore the opinions
of practical planters, who have- been constant readers
of the work, they are eminently worthy the consid
eration of all men who are not familiar with the
character and contents us the C ultivator. I'.s
readers know its value, and speak what they know.
“The best endorsement that I can give the Culti
vator,, is tiie fact that I have never missed a veur
since I subscribed for it, and never expect to.”
Madison Co., Miss. J. I. 0.
“You will find enclosed one dollar for the Cultiva
tor, for the year 1856. Having been a subscriber to
your paper during the short period of one year, I am
fully convinced of its inestimable value to farmers in
general; and am not a little astonished to find so
many of that class who do not take it. The time
cannot be far distant, when tho Cultivator will bo
patronized by every fanner of any note, in this and
the neighboring States. G. T. T.
Washington, Ga.
“God speed you in your good work! For one, I
can say tliat I have already received infi rmation
enough to pay for the Cultivator for tbo balance of
my life.” 8. A. H.
Pearl Valley, Mississippi.
“ Please find enclosed $1 for the Southern Culti
vator, for 1856. I wish I was able to put it in the
hands of every man in tho country.”
Moulton, Ala. H. D. B.
“ The fact of my renewing the subscription is am
ple proof that I am pleased with your publication.
It is exactly what the inhabitants of tbe Southern
States want. In my humble opinion, if more atten
tion was paid to Agriculture in its most comprehen
sive meaning, and less to tiie impracticable tran
scendentalisms of politics, by the people of tiie slave
holding States, it would do more to make us inde
pendent of the rest of the world, than all tiie ranting
of all tbe noisy politicians in the world. There is
nothing wanting to make the whole country on this
of Mason and Dixon’s Line a second Eden, but the
U'ill of the people occupying the land. And you are
certainly doing your duty towards bringing about
that desideratum.” C. D. T.
Parish St. luindry, l/i.
Augusta Jockf.t Club. —The Augusta Jockey
Club met and organized on Saturday evening. Tbo
following officers were re-eleoted to serve for the
ensuing year:—G. W. Lamar. President; Wm. E.
Draring, Vice President; T. Clanton, Judge; J.
M. Simpson, Sect rotary and Treasurer.
Pine sport may be expected during the week.
New Music.— Mr. C. Cati.in has just received
from the publishers direct, on extensive addition to
bis stock of Music, among which we notice tbe fol
lowing pieces : “Old Man’s Home;” “Sunshine of
Love Galop ;” “Fond Hope Schottisch “Tbo
Maiden Blush ;” “When Summer Flowers are
Blooming;” “Old Time* Polka ;” “Soldier's Polka
Kedowa;” “The Hazel Dell,” See.
%>uthern Medical and Surgical Journal.—
The January No. for 1856 was promptly on our ta
ble, freighted with its usual variety of original and
tniacellaneoub matter. Now is tiie time to send in
your subscriptions. Thu* is a valuable work, and
should be on the shelf of every Southern and South
western physician. It is edited by Professor L. A.
Dugas and H. Rossignol, M. D m and printed in this
city by James McCaffkrty, at $3 per annum, in
advance. Address James McCakfehtt, Augus
ta, Geo.
Eckfokd and Silsbkk. —The Charleston Mer
cury says: These worthies, or their agents, under
the name of Brown and Harris, have, as we have
before noticed, been committed to jail in this place
to await their trial in March next, upon a charge of
Conspiracy at Common Law. This is but a mis
demeanor, and punishable only by fine and knpri
flunment.
Among the letters found on these person* were
some from all the following States: Georgia, Flori
da, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee,
Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, and Maryland, *how
ing that their machinations had extended into all of
these ten States. If a demand is made from any of
these States, and a reasonable prospect Is presented
ot lodging the culprits in a IVeuitentiary, wo have
no doubt that the Attorney General of this State
would surrender his olaixn* spon these enterprising
gentlemen, to who are better prepared for
their accommodathm.
We would Bngguetit that the paper* of these wr
ral States extend this notice.
Georgia Wild Cat Money. —The Chicago
Times publishes a request signed by upwards of one
hundred mercantile firm* in that city, addressed to
the banks and bankers of Chicago, that after the 15th
of January they refuse to tak* “wild cat” currency
on deposit.
Toe Atlanta Discipline says it was rumored in Mil
ledgevdU* last week, that Gov. Johnson had di-e
patched an advanced guard to the Western 6c. At
lantic Railroad, to prepare matters for the inspection
of the joint committee appointed by the legisla
ture to examine into the condition of the said Road.
At a recent meeting of tho American County Con
vention of Monroe, New York, the following resolu
tion was adopted;
Resolved. That in the judgment of this Conven
tion, Milliard Fillmore ha* the strongest hold, both
on the confidence and tiie affections of tiie American
people of any living Stateemau, and he is our first
choice as a candidate of the American party for
President of these United States.
No apprehensions, says the Washington Star are
entertained at the Navy Department, because the
C. S. frigate Potomac, which sailed for the Gulf of
Mexico on the 28th of November from New York,
has net been beard of at Havana. She was not en
tered for that port, but one of the moet distant in the
Gulf. She is a slow sailer, and will doubtless be
heard of in due time.
Emigration to Missouri.— We learn from the
St. Louis New* that such has been the rush of emi
grant* to Adair, Sootiand. Schuyler and Putnam
••untie*, this I*2l, that hundred* of famifie* bar#
bean forced to exeat aasra* tent* iu the h«art of <
large praWee, to chelter th«n from the winter’* Ma*L
It i* thoqght that over 10,000 persons have emigrat- 1
ed to the counties of Northeast Missouri, the past 1
six month* ‘ 1
The C layton and Bulwer Treaty.
The very decided, yet just and dignified tone as
sumed by the Prcridcut in his Message in reference
to the policy of England, and her coiiflruction of
this Treaty, necessarily cxcitce a general drfdre to
see that portion of the Treaty which is the subject of
discussion. We therefore publish below those arti
cles of tho Treaty which refer particularly to the
Central American question:
Art. 1. The Government of the United States and
Great Britain hereby d<*clare that tudthor the one
uor the other will ever obtain the huid ship canal;
agreeing that neither will over erect or maintain any
fortification* commanding the wine or in the vicinity
thereof; or occupy or forUJV. or colonise, or assume,
or exercise any dominion over Nicaragua. Costa
Riga, the Mosquito coast, or any part of Central
Amsriar.. nor trill either make use of say protection
Xrijish tiLthor afford* oi may afford, or any uUia&ce
flldeh either has or toy tov«, to or ’With any State
or people, for the purpose of erecting or maintaining
any snob fortification* or of occupying, fortUying or
ookmizing Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Mosquito
coast, or any paid of Central America, or of aaeum-
Ing or cxerei*:ng dominion over the same: nor will
the United States or Great Britain take advantage
of any intimacy, or use any aliianoe, connection or
influence that either may posue** with any State or
Go vemment through whoie Tetritorv the said canal
may pass, for the purpose of acquiring or holding,
directly or indirectiv, for the citixena or subject* of
the one, any rights ’or advantages in regard to wav
morce or navigation through the said canal, which
shall cot be offered on the same term* to the citiscaa
or subject* of the dther.
Art. 2. Vessels of the United Mate#, or Greet
Britain, traversing the said canal, Shall, iu caw of
war between tiie contracting partiee. be exempted
from blockade, detention, or capture, bv either of
the belligerent* ; and this provision aboil extend to
such a distance from thv two euda of said canal a* it
in ay hereafter be found expedient to establish.
Art. 8. Tin* Government* of the United State*
and Great Britain having not only desired, iu enter
ing iulo this convention, to accomplish a particular
object, but also to establish u general principle, they
hereby agree to extend their protection by treaty
stipulations to any other practical communications,
whether by canal or railway, across the isthmus
which connects North and South America, and <**-
peeially to tiie iuteroceanic communications, should
the some prove to be practical, whether by canal or
railway, which ore now proposed to be established
bv the way of Tehuantepec or Panama. In grant
ing, however, their joint protection to any such ca
nals or railways us are by this article specified, it is
always understood by the United States and Great
Britain that tho parties constructing or owning the
name shall impose no other charges or conditions of
traffic thereujxm than the aforesaid governments
shall approve of as just and equitable ; and thut the
same canals or railways being open to the citizen*
and subjects of the United States and Great Britain
on equal terms, shall also be open on like terms to
the citizens and subjecs of every other State which
Is willing to grant thereto such protection as the
United States und Great Britain engage to afford.
The Race*.
The regular annual meeting over the La Fay
ette Course, which commences on Tuesday next,
gives promise now of furnishing fine sport, and being
altogether tiie moot interesting meeting ever hud on
that course ; if the number and fine racing qualities
of the horses in attendance afford any guarantee of
good sport. There are now here and will arrive to
day tiie folk)wing stables in which arc some of the
best horses tho country, viz : Gibbon's ofN. J.;
Campbell’s, Ky.; Patterson's, Ky.; Woodford's,
Twin.; Easley’s, Geo.; Coffey’s, Geo.; Bacon’s, So.
Ca.; Pun-ear’s, So. Ca.; Green's, Vu., and Belcher’s,
Va.
At the last meeting of the Club, tiie four mfle (.lay
was changed to Saturday and made free for any
horse. This arrangement will doubtless secure a fine
field and rare sport on that day.
The Burlington Slaughter.—Tho trial of
Isaac Adams, the engineer on the Camden and Am
boy Ruilroad, for manslaughter, in causing the death
of Margaret Prescott, was commenced ut Mount
Holly on Friday lust. The deceased was one of the
many victims who lost their lives on the day of tho
fearful railroad catastrophe in August. The princi
pal witness for the State was l)r. Heineken, whose
evidence tended to show that be had no signal from
the engineer, and that he believed none was given.
31 r. J. N. L. Stratton, as counsel for the defendant,
sought, on Saturday, to prove that the whistle wus
blown in the usual manner, tliat the confession of
the engineer was not to be heeded, a« he was at the
time he spoke perfectly beside himself, and that Dr.
Heineken could, with proper care, have avoided
getting his wagon on the track. Several witnesses
were called in corroboration of tbe above, among
others Mr. John S. Irick, a stockholder in the Cam
den and Amboy Railroad Company, who swore that
Dr. Heineken had told him that he saw the train,
and thought he could get across in time, but that the
horses stopped on tiie t rack and he was unable to
move them. The case at this point of tiie proceed
ing* was adjourned.
Our Relations with China and JaFan.—The
New York Journal of Commerce publishes an in
teresting letter from China, iu which the writer re
cites the indignities which are put upon our ambas
sadors to China, and alludes to the quibbling of tho
Japanese in regard to the rc<M»ut treaty made with
tiie United Stales through Com. Perry. He attri
butes all these difficulties to tiie neglect of the
American Government to keep a strong naval force
o -.instantly in those waters, arid urges the necessity
of a change of policy in this respect.
Tl.e returns to the Secretary of State of the pro
ducts of the industry of Boston, for the year ending
June 1, 1855, shows that iron, exclusive of that for
nails, was manufactured to the value of $1,525,000 ;
steam engines und boilers, $1,835,000 ; glass wore,
$1,190,000; piano forte and other musical mstrn
merits, $1,984,700 , watches, gold and silverware,
and jewelry, $617,000 ; saddles, trunks, harness*,
&c., $757,200; brushes, $225,000; upholstery, sl,-
550,800; sails, of American fabric, $131,172 ; sugar
refined, $2,000,000 ; chair and cabinet ware, $1,063,
800 ; tin ware, $416,500 ; linseed oil, $500,000 ;
camphene and burning fluid, $500,000 ; flour, $870,-
000 ; boots and shoes; $193,000; building stone,
$323,000; marble prepared, $311,000 ; casks, $158,-
000 ; distilled liquors, $2,495,000 ; beer, $238,000 ;
friction matches, $50,000 ; clothing, eight million
Jive hundred thousand dollars !
Debt of Pennsylvania.—Tb© Philadelphia
American publishes a statement showing the condi
tion of the indebtedness of the State of Pcnnaylvania,
at the close of the fiscal year on the 30th of Novem
ber last. The total indebtedness stands at $41,067,-
994.22, less $423,837.99, in tiie sinking fund—leaving
the actual State indebtedness $40,644,156,23.
Important Mail Communication with St.
Johns, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, Laguatra, and
Puerto Cabello.—A semi-monthly line of steam
ships, commencing with tiie “Tennessee,” on or
about the Bth of January next, will run between
New York and Puerto Cabello, South America,
touching at St. Johns, Porto Rico, St. Thomas aud
Laguayra. Mails for these points will be regularly
made up at the New York Post Office and dispatch
ed by this line, the United States postage charge
being ten cents the single rate, pre-payment re
quired.
The N. Y. Tribune lenms from a correspondent
New Orleans, that there is a prodigious influx of
young mer—clerks—who can find nothing to do*—
For example, an advertisement for a clerk brought,
in less thuii a day, five hundred and seventy-4me
applicants. I ’nder these circumstances, the Tribune
advises young commercial men to keep away 'from
New Orleans.
More Bogus Insurance.—The Albany Join nal
con I a ins the report of William Barnes, appointed by
the Comptroller to invc“etigr.t« the affairs of the En
terprise Insurance Company, of New York, in wtiich
tho capital assets of tha Company are declaimed insuf
ficient tojuntify it* corjinuance in business, eiud thut
tiie public require its immediate dissolu
tion. The assets are put down at $106,848; sbc lia
bilities ut $197,750.
Beaumont's Type distributing Machine w in
operation iu Xcw York, and is thought to gi ret evi
dence of decided practical utility in large printing
establishments. Each machine will distribute but
one size of typo, but yet may be so conatruclfcd as
to be easily adapted to the different sizes of small
type. If worked by hand, oue man or b<»y* con
distribute twelve thousund ems per hour, and with
scarce a possibility of an error of a single tjpc;
whereas by the usual process of distribution by
hand, three thousand ems are about the avens*;©.
The machine can be worked by steam, and one nviu
can then attend to three of them, making th**
distribution in au hour 36,000 ems.
Finances of Charleston. —The report of th«*
Committee of Ways and Means to his Honor, the
Mayor, sets down the annual receipts into the Trea
sury at $456,417.27, while the amount required for
ciwrent expenses and to meet the interest on debt is
estimated at $480,000.00. The indebtedness of t U&
city is set down at $3,571,845.66.
Private letters received by the last arrival from
the Pacific side, speak in the highest terms ot the
recent conduct of the authorities in charge of the
British (Hudson’s Bay Company’s) trading fort at
Vancouver, who furnished the American settlers iu
their vicinity with arms, with which to protect them,
selves from the hostile savages, and despatched th«
steamer laden with provisions from their depot, to
the succour of our people located more distant from
them. Such conduct on their part deserves to be,
and will be remembered.
It appears that since April, 1853, the Virginia
Colonisation Society ha* sent 320 colored emigrant*
to Liberia, at a cost $15,860. The capitation tax
laid by the Legislature in 1850, for colonization pur
poses, ho* realized $50,000, but in consequence of the
restrictions imposed by the law, not a cent of this
bounty has yet been applied us intended, but ha* aQ
gone into the State treasury. The Richmond {Dis
patch recommends a change in tbo law, by making
provisions more liberal.
Tbe Boston Advertiser record* the liberal bequest
by the late P. P. F. Degrand, of mic quarter of his
property (whieb is estimated to amount in vain© to
one hundred and twenty thousand dollars/ to Har
vard College, the income to be expended in enrich
ing a particiior department of the library. He also
l»equeathc* cme-tweifth of hi* property to the city of
Boston, and two third* to various charitable institu
tion*.
Dr. Cloquet, who, riitce 1846 ha* filled the post of
Physician to the Court +t Persia, has just fallen tbe
victim to a deplorable mistake, having; drank a
strong dose of tincture* of cantbarides, instead of
brandy. The deceased va* in receipt of a salary of
35,000 f. He was choc en by the French Academy
when application for a .Doctor was made by the Per
sian king, and in July- last he was marricsd to an
American lady.
The Japan Pea. —The editors’ of the PfiiladeJ
phia Ledger have recently seen a plant from one of
these peas raised by W. L. Sbaeffer, 1 Vq., the Cashier
of the Girard Bank, which had upon* its branches
about four hundred and fifty pods, tb© larger portion
of which contained from two to three j we* each, or
yielding ©boot ant thousand par coni. TUe from a
single pea, tn a single year's growth, ft $ something
worthy of node©. If eaeh pea pomossed * the quali
ties of reproduction In the same degree, “fro should
have in the second year's growth, nearly lialf • *®il*
fioo of pods and a million of pease. '
South C arolina Uaatr Lnw. I
Those of our citizens who hove a desire to iu- !
dulgc in field or acquatic sports in Carolina, would \ e
do well to read the following law, enacted at the last s
session of the South Carolina Legislature r
See. 1. That from and after the passing of this net, r
it shall not be lawful for any non-rcaideut of this f
State to use a j?un, set a trap, or decoy, or to employ
nny other device for killing or taking deer, turkioa, 1
duck*, or nny other game, nor net a trap or net or 1
draw, or use the name or nur other eouU trance for *
taking or killing fish within the territorial limit* of l
this State.
Sec. 2. That every person who shall offend against <
the provision* of tiiia act, shall he doeined guUty of 1
of a misdemeanor, ami on conviction thereof shall be i
liable to a penalty cot exceeding two hundred dol- 1
Lars, nor lea* than one hundred dollars, and Imprison
ment not exceeding three months, nor Leas than oru? t
xhonthj for eaah nod every Tiolation of any of the 1
provlaiots* of tbit not. j
See. 3. That all persons shall be deemed and taken
as oon-reeidentt within the meaning ot' this act, who <
shall not have had their actual domicil In this Bt*te }
for two year* next preceding their use of any of the
Implements of the ohase or fishery forbidden by this t
act. But nothing heroin contained shall be con- t
strued as prolvibitTng any land owner from author; r.- c
ing Any person to hunt or shoot ducks, or other t
fame, or to fish within the boundaries of his own <
laud. (
Tk« South Carolina (fame Law * 1
Th* Charleston Mercury observes the caution !
which has been given to the Sportsmen of Georgia, \
In relation to the recent Game Law enacted by the t
Legislature of that State, and remark* t
“ Georgia and North Carolina Sportsmen need *
give themselves but little apprehension abut the low
alluded to. It was enacted to protect our State from !
invaders, not brethren.” 1
The law authorize* no such distinction or con- j
utruetion as that suggested by the Mercury, and any 1
man who viedatea it, no matter whence he comes, is 1
equally liable to the penalties.
DRUNKENNESS A SOURCE OF R* VKNUK.— The NeW 1
York Express say*: “Wo can truly say thot the
city never exhibited so many intoxiruU-d persons a* ‘
on New Years Day. In fact every other person you
met after 10 o'clock, P. M., wus staggering along.
During the twenty-four hours there were 002 ar
rest*, and 171 commitments. The fine is $lO or teu
days' imprisonment in the City Prisou. The above
number were fined the above amount.”
The amount of fines imposed was $1,710. A
pretty fair rovenue from one day's drunkenness.
Pore Packing.—The Chatt&ngooga Advertiser
of the sth mat, says : —Next week will nearly finish
the slaughtering for this city if the weather is fuv<>r
able. There is little change in prices. The weather
is favorable now and 600 heud were killed on yes
terday.
The Louisville Journal of Dec. 31st say* :—The
packing season is now drawing to a close, with but
moderate receipts of hogs this week. As regards
prices, the market has undergone a decided decline,
a* we noticed Saturday, with a sale of 500 hogs *t
$5.25 for cash, and several other small lots ut $5.50
on four months time. The prevailing price at tlic
same period lust year was $4.50 net.
Excitement in Florida. —A correspondent of
the Charleston Standard, writing from Ocala, in re
lation to the late Indian outbreak, speaks os follows:
‘‘lt is scarcely necessary to say that the excitement
throughout all the country is istense. It is known
that beside the troops in the service of tho United
States which have been established at Fort Myers,
and other points along tho line of territory occupied
by the Indians, there ore several surveying parties
in the field, whose position is considered extremely
perilous. One of them* is under W. G. Moeely, sou
of Governor Moeely. Anotheris under W. 8. Har
ris, lute a member to the Legislature from Murion
comity ; and another under Mr. Daniels, and all of
them are known to be so completely without appre
hension from the Indians, that they are only pro
vided with a few guns necessary for hunting pur
poses. This whole* surveying force is under tho
general superintendence of the Surveyor General of
the State, Dr. Weecott; and it is a cause of further
anxiety that he also was to have been on the ground
prior to the 25th iusti, when it was agreed that the
several parties should meet and take their Christmas
dinner together, and concert their plans for further
operations.”
The Dkmockytic Caucus.—The caucus of the
Democratic members of the House ot Representa
tive*, held in Washington on Friday night, rejected
by two votes u resolution to go in favor of the plu
rality vote on Wednesday next if no speaker be
previously chosen. Col. Richardson, it is said, with
drew his name oh a candidate for speaker, but it
was not accepted by the aoucus. Mr. Cobb, of Geo. *
, took decided ground in favor of continuing the bal
lot tiug until a speaker was chosen. Stephens, of
Georgia, also took the same ground. Shorter, of
i Alabama, favored taking a new man, and urged
them to support Fuller. Codwallader. of Pennsyl
vania, whs opposed to all fusion. Orr, of South
Carolina, was for standing by their nominee and
platform, and not surrendering one iota. After con
siderable discussion, the following resokition was
unanimously adopted :
Resolved, That we will adhere to our platform and
nominee, and that we rweommeud that no Democratic.
member offer any proposition with reference to
speaker without previous consultation in caucus,
and that the chairman bo requested to cull them to
gether.
One of the sign* of peace in Europe i* the return
of vessels that have been employed in war purposes
to the ordinary usee of commerce. The Cunard line
steamer* resume their weekly trips this month, the
line between Glasgow and New York is also to be
resumed, and several American clippers employed
in the East for a year past will soon be disengaged.
At a meeting of the stockholders and creditor* of
the Ohia and Mississippi Rail Road, hold in Cincin
nati on Monday, resolutions wvie adopted to the ef
fect, that in order to save to the city the sum of $900,-
000 invested by R in the road, the stockholder* should
Huhscribe $500,000, the bondholder* $500,000, and the
city the balance that would be necessary to enable
it to take* charge of and complete the road, and, af
ter reimbursing herself, return the road to the stock
holders.
From Turk* Island.—By the arrival of the
British sotioaner Coronet, we have advice* from
Turks Islemd to Dec. 17th. Salt is stated to be very
scarce and 1 high; none to be had either at Grand
Turk or Rttft Caicos. The last cargo was sold nt 38
cts. per bushel.
A telegraphic dispatch was received at the May
or's office, in 1 ’hiladolphiu, on Saturday night, giving
information of the robbery, in New York, of a great
number of diamonds, valued in all at $11,256. There
were 158 c a rata of colored diamonds, and 21 oaruts
of mixed diamond*.
A Small Mia is a Great Place.—The Wash
ington eorresponfieut of the Philadelphia Sun, says :
“One thing is remarked by every stranger here,
and that is, how completely the very existence of
Franklin Pierce is ignored. He i* never seen, or
even talked abouh"
Thb Democratic Caucus.—The Washington
Union says the democratic caucus of the member*
of the House, hold in that city lost week, did not re
ject a resolution to go in favor of the plurality rule,
a* no such resolution was offered. The only matter
decided was to adhere to their platform and their
nominee for Speaker.
Macon and Western Railroad.—The tenth an
nual report of this iwod appears in the last Georgia
Citizen. The gross earnings, • over previous year
were $37,623.17, and net profit* $196,104.51. After
paying for extension of road, track, dec., $109,387.27
were left for a dividend fund. The entire debt of
the Company i* but $129,000. The road i* reported
to be in good order, several new engines have been
ordered , they have eight first class and six second
claaa car*, and one hundred and seventy-one freight
cars. The income from passenger* was $15,527.90
less than in 1854. The increase from freights was in
consequence of the heavy crops of the pnat year.—
The road appears to be doing a good business, but
subject to losses for cattle killed, damages of goods
in transitu, Ac., as all other roads are.
The Bhiffi.no Trade.—The rush of merchandize
toward* the public stores, pnrtieularly of dry goods,
say* the Now York Express, is very large, and judg
ing from appearances at the custom house, importer*
are anticipating a trade the coming season by far
exceeding any thing the past has known. Couhu-
I mere in the West were never more able to purchase
| than at present, and the importer* have not in pro
bability over estimated the wont* of the country.
During the paat year there were 539 foreign, and
28,930 coastwise arrival* at the port of Philadelphia-
The latter include 3,240 sloopa, 952 steamers, 7,784
barge*, and 10,159 coal boat*. The import* of coffee
for ti* year were 222,265 bags, against 192,085 bag*
Ju 1854. The import* of sugar were 25,041 boxes*
29,939 bhd*. and tierces, 3,237 bbls., and 40,489 bag* -
The export* of flour were 220,078 bbl* ; of wheat,
21\>,0G9 bushels, and of corn, 655,801 bushel*.
l*lie Solanff Herald *ay* that the first bell ever
cast in California has just been hung at the work* of
the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, at Benicia.
The casting of this bell, it say*, was an experiment,
and it has Huoeetxied to admiration. It ho* demon-
Mated the fact that bell* can be cast from old capper
Tho bell has a finer tear, and is a better bell gener
ally than a majority of the U-li* that have been im
ported
The Commissioner of tha General I*nd Office ha*
decided that no act of the territorial legislation of
Kansas, can in any way affect the disposal of the
public land*—that being a matter over which Con
greee has exclusive control—and that the laws of
o>ngne«i in regard to pre-emption sod sale must ex
clusively govern the deparfcneut in it* management
of the public domain.
Ltnchßfo.—An old man wa« recently robbed on
the wteaaaer Express, piying on the MiaawwpP l
river. Tho guilty portico were soon aft*r on-eeU ,
and tried under the Judge Lynch code, with a «
play of much forensic eloquence, and the
the jury was faithfully executed— one
ceiving 150 lashes, another 50. They were
ashore.
"The C. 8. tn^ CV*u»bia, which
dimoantfed .t the *roand near Norfol^
• fmriPK wv on Friday lost towed up to
tae \a w TaX'where ahe ia to be overhauled and
repaired. The Herald ataUe that tiua
ftfcate arrived «rty U*l eprin* wrth the yellow fever
ou board, and waa ordered into quarantine by the
Board of Health.
Valcx or ock Nsw Raima*.—: During hurt
veer there were built, repawned, and enrolled at
the port es Baltimore. 72 new veaaeto .of all elaaace
with an amreqaU tooaga of 18.383.2& The value
of thia newaUppinf, -«imat~l at »»P« “
on# million one hundred ana ninety-foor thooaand
eight hundred and tblrt—n doPata and twaotf
Tba JHdMepta TranHt Company, »
about entering eoit agaloat Preeident Fierce, and
f, Attorney McKoon, ftv the detention of
(be ateamer Northern Light
Ocnrjrin f.err-Hlnrnre.
We aniiioiu n list ol tire Acts passed by the Lecis
latnre, prior to the rcces.t, vhieh have received the
e'gnature of tho Governor:
f V r .’ r ' 1 1 authorize the Justice* of die Inferior Court
County to revise their Jury Box and
V't Purposes.
tI.A nr,™*™"'.'’” 2o (be county of Dougherty to nid in
n lonot the Georgia an I F! nidf. ftailnmd
mnX"t,^i’io° y »"<l AmeTieus, or Kailro.-l
theKf by-t-b and
3 T.i .tl.nr.rev ' "l»°n S Vote Ot tUC Clt! ZCIIH.
court or teibaua'T':. 'f*:*
mentioned. [The time. a«d are the“tlSrd Moudayi
k January and July, tnaUaa .f J u:ju andUrO.^
iTo authorize the 9tate Tr«. v ,r« to tu ,i.„
tain advanoee. [To wit. The per
hen and otheert of the laigielatnre up to tVae,,.-
piioatkm.l 1
5. To add a part of the county of Ware to the
county of Chariton. It add* the 10th dielrto* as
Ware to Charlton.)
6. To amend nu Aet entitled an Act to incnrjvxtiU
the Bmnswiek Improvement Compauv, on
the 9th February, 1854. (It amends tLo ythsretion
of said act of incorporation so as to read thus: ‘ Thai;
the said Company shall bo sued of BntDtwiok, Glyun
county," and repeals all the remaining portion of
•aid section.]
7. To change certain county thoi'aifi |fm«
WWfiJefi. t [lt inclndc* the wholo of N’i>.
and c raction 9, In tin* Ist district of originally Troun
In Mentwethcr ootinty. It also odd* \, * l\\ hi Hi#
* th district of Coffee county, to the county of Cliuoh
the same being the reridemn of John Williams, sen'
It further add* Lot 384 in the 4th District of Cal
houn, to the county of Randolph.)
8. To pardon John T. Boyd of the cour t v of Mus
cogee, now under sentence of death for the crime ot
murdef.
9. Declaratory of the intention of the Act entitled
an Aet for the relief of honest debtors, approved on
the l‘>th December, 1833, and to allow persons ar
rested under mesne procesa, tho benefit of the sauuv
[lt allow* persons who have taken “prh»«»u bounds ’
and those who have given bail, cither before or after
taking “prison bounds" the benefit of e ini act of
1853 for the reliej of hovieat debtors.)
10. To preserve and disiKiHii of tne property and
effect* of Corporation* after their di.- v »lu:i u, u : \ to
provide for the payment of the debts due by tii©
same. )It provide* that all the property, retd* and
personul, auil ail the assets of such e’oi jiorati »i:a,
shall constitute a trust fund for payment iiisL oft! <1
debt* thoreot, aud sv«oud, for distribution among
the atookholdci-H. The Judge of tlie Supori n’ Contt
i* to appoint a Receiver te whom the lio
sident and Direotoni are to turn over all the proper
ty and asset* of the Corporation, or show a v i , a
for not doing the same, and on failure to d «. c o:
the other, they are made guilty of a mmden eu.ior
and ou conviction are to be confined in tlie i J oi
tentiaiy not less thuu two, nor more than t .ur
years.]
11. For the relief of Francis Ponsell, an infirm and
indigent person. [lt permits liim to peddle hi t:,e
counties of the l*s Congressional Dh, .iet wi‘. ut
procuring- a license.)
12. To incorporate the Canton Mining Company
of Georgia. [Capital Stock $960,900 und n yha
increased. Principal office to be at Canton, < < rc
kec couuty, where all suit*—u«*t involvir g Lii!. x. to
land—are to be brought against the Co n, ,m. an 1
all notifications and processes served ou tf.ee . j
13. To authorize Lewi* Zuizh-r, oi* the Stuto ol
Louisiana,and Henry Zeigler of the State of hvla
bama, to qualify au«f act os Excuutors of the 1, j*
will and testament of Wiilium Zeigler, lute of Claw
ford county, deceased.
14. To change the time of bolding tba Inferior
Court of tile County of Spalding. [Time chunked
from third Monday in January and July to third
Monday in February and August.)
15. To change the time for holding the Suj rioi
and Inferior Courts in Floyd county. [Su; ii> r
Courts to be held ou the second Mondays in i \ hru*
, ary and August, and allowed to sit time weeks;
, mid the Inferior Courts to sit on second Monday s in
Mnv and November.]
. Its. To authorize and direct his Excellency the
[ Governor of Georgia to draw his warrant on any
, funds in the State Trcusury for the payment of *
principal, interest and cost of a judgment in Bald
win Superior Count in favor of A. P Rood, udui'r
i of Mr*. Blanche Gibson vs. the Central Bank of
Georgia, and for other purposis then in named.
[The principal amounts to $9,470.[
1 17. To alter and amend un Act passed th*
f 10th December, 1845, appointing the plnet n s', r hold
ing the Supreme Court. [ltreducts the jilun s i *
five, mid provide* that the Court shall sit ut the
time* and places following, viz : At .Savannah u
• the Becond Mondays in January and June; at Mi
> con on the 4th ’Mondays in’January aud June,
e at Atlanta on the fourth Monday ii March mil
second Monday in August; ut Athens on the fourth
r Monday* in May and Noveuiber■; and at Millt*»!:•■•-
I ville on the second Monday* in May and November, j
, 18. To authorize the Interior Court of \N ushiie.ton
county to levy and collect un extra tax for builuin
* of a Court House and Jail in said county.
r 19. To incorporate the town of Cuusetta iu the
county of Chattahoochee, and to render perm i.ient
the counnty rite, and appoint Intendant and Coio
. missioners, and regulate the duties of the same.
Letter from tlie Unit* A. J« Miller.
1 The following letter from the Hon. A. J. Mu i.r«
' in sufficiently explicit :
! Ml . Gardner : Allow me to answei some of your
- questions in Saturday's Constitutionalint,\n relation
t to mvsclf:
1. The Council in the Bucket Factory plruek ov.t
’ no word in the letter I wrote to Col. Milledge. They
- acted on it as it went from my hand.
f 2. In the draft of that letter I had the word* "< /.<-
f agreeing with them in several important pn n -
. ides," and not the word stated by you. Ihe words
1 above quoted. I struck out myself, couni l ring tho
statement that I wus not a member of the Au»h icau
, party sufficient.
3.'l became n member of the American party 1 sr
Thursday, ot Milledgeville, not bel'on*. That p:ny
is now an open political party, free in it* organiza
tion and principles from all that 1 had previously
objected to.
The principles enunciated by the Convention ol
last Thursday I consider eminently just, v so, and
conservative, and ns expressing the true feelings of
patriotism. I hope you will fund h them to y«utr
readers. Respectfully, Ac.,
A. J. MiLir.iL
Emigration to New York.— According to the
report of tlie New York Commissioners of Enn. ra
tion, just published, the following table show* tho
eountri«*s from which emigration into tho port of
New York liu* been derived during tho past y«. i
Ireland 42,932 |
Germany 51,987
England 12.874 |
Scotland 4,224 I
Wale* 1,118
Franco 4,051 |
Spain 457
Switzerland 3,249
Holland 821
Norwaw 293
Sweden 304
Denmark 173
Italy 656
Portugal 71
I Belgium 1,60
Went Indies IS
I Nova Scotia 0
Sardinia 67
South America.... 113
Canada 01
China H
i Sicilv IS
Mexico 20
! Russia 20
I Knat Indies Z>
I Turkey 2
> Greece 1
Total 124,4,8
Thf* following table. shown the relative proportion
of German ami Irish emigration lor the last bovou
years:
Year. Germanv. Ir«*bu[l
1817 53,18*0 50,011>
1848 51,073 08,< ‘ l
1849 55,7 05 11^,-V.ii
1850 45,535 117,038
1851 69,883 1027256
1852 118,011 ! 19,131
1853 119,644 113,161
1854 176,986 82,302
Total 694,517 857,180
Total arrivals of emigrant* since the formation of
the Emigrant ('omminton: —
1851 289,601
1852 300,099
1853 284,945
1854 318,233
1847 from May 5.. 129,062
1848 189,176
1849 220,692
1850 .212,796
Total 1,946,398
r Non-Organization ok Congress. —The House
of Representatives, snvs the Alexandria Gazette,
“has degenerated into a mere political debating
j club—even before it is legally organized—and now
, sits in the capitol discussing tlie party intrigues of
the day, the members wanting (lie time which should
be devoted to business, and receiving th« pel diem
• allowance, (through the courtesy of a Sergeant at
• arms and the tender mercies of money lenders,) with
out performing one single one of the duties they
were sent to Washington to fulfil.
“Tlie discussion of tlie lost few days, which have
. taken the place of the fruitless balloting*, are noth
ing but a re-hash of the newspaper political squab
bles which have annoyed the public for six mouths
past. They do no good, and their tendency is in
F every way evil.
1 “The people of the country—the sound, union
loving, law-abiding people of tlie country—contra
distingtiished from tlie scheming p ilitioians—will not
stand this much longer. Their patience is already
sorely tried.
“ What a spectacle does th* House of Jleprcaon*
sentatives now present J A large body, weltering
on the muddy waters of politic#, lashed into foam
by temporary factions, unable to turn itself, or evon
to lay itself straight out! Is this the sight th©
framers of the constitution contemplated, when they
established the legilative branch of the government?
, Is this what the people expected when they elected
• their present so-called representatives I
i “Whose is the fault ? We do not care now to in
quiry*. The fault and the authors of it are thero—
there in the House of Representatives. They du-o
to assume the responsibility—uud they should each
• and all be made to bear the consequences of that re
sponsibility, until every man shows that his skills
are clear. If they are incompetent to discharge
1 their duties, let them agree to pass the money bilis,
and then go home and resign
• “ Already has tlie people's house of Congress—
; the Commons House—lost that affectionate confl
-1 deuce of the people, which it ought to possess and
’ eiyoy. The opening of its session h looked forward
to as the commencement of strife -and agitation—
• instead of as the period when the rights, liberties
and interests of the nation w ill be cared for and pro
r served. This is the work of suction ! Patriotism is
f smothered by party—und love of country is lost
sight of in the ' higher law’ of allegiance to party!
“ It is uow time for the voice of the people to
’ he beard, ringing clearly above the hoarse conten
tions of the politicians. It is time that public cpin*
ion should lie formed in opposition to tlie proceed
■ ings on the floor of the House of Representative*
Let the issue be made at once.”
Ship Bw-Dino at New York.—The followmg
i number of vessels have been launched during the
f past year, or arc now on the stocks at the Nrw
York ship yards:
Skip 9. Steamships- Darks Others.
. Launched S 2 I a
> On stock- 7 _ _
12 6 14 23
KKowine a total of fifty-sight sail, of whioh thirty.
." have been launched, and nineteen remain on
S? clocks, making a total new tonnage for the year
33 775 tons. The aggregate value of vessels launch
ed’at N>w York during the year just cloaed estima
ted at $65 per ton, is $2,024,750.
The Journal of Commerce says:
The total tonnage, both launched and on the stocks,
is 53,776, against 97,553 last year—n material fall
ing off. The year 1854 was unprecedented in the
extent of ship building at this port, wbile the year
1855 shows a smaller business than any of the last
eight years. Tire juxtaposition of two such extreme*
rendeis the diminution of business the more appa-
The sudden and entire cessation which has taken
place in the construction of clipper ships, is quito
noticeable—not oue hn\ ing been built during the
past year. Only six full freighting ships have been
launched, against twenty six in the year 1854,mostly
of the sharpest description. For some mouths past,
there has been an over supply of clippers, as the
ordinary freighting ship, having greater capacity,
(speed being a secondary consideration.) could be
employed with better advantage. The same in
fluences which led to the creation of clippi is. (they
arose from the gold discoveries,) gave tilth to the
considerable number of large and expensive steam
ers, which are now withdrawn from servioe, «* not
adapted to the wants of the trade at present. Onthe
Eaat river side, several of these steamers,— each cl
which ooast hardily less than half midi on doLsrs,—
may be Men moored to th* wharves unussd, and m
the earns position as for months past. A sma ller
slas* of staamsrs now rsesivs ths preference owing
to the Increased oost of running larg* »»»•'•• ‘“J
savnlg effected, chiefly in fueC by *»b*fltnthuf th*
former for the Utter, is said to equal nsarl/
per month, in some instsnsss