Newspaper Page Text
■ !.S.
SK.VriMEL.
P2R ANNUM
. : jTT>rA L> sending ns Ten
f ■; -• ; • T' * ; .-rriKSL
1856 !
; 1 ,-in.tr. Cl 1/HVATOK,
.. . . 5 V JOURNAL,
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. ULAN i s And BULBS
* Mr. SAXDEIS. an
ex.- 'll i<iv --.-i ymao, rife* by uodl
o, r « : ■ . . u. obtain a .share oi pub*
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c : • li. S •. J•; oat* of fe«A*. fetter A. X«t
1T 21.' A. ; • 1;.. i y nouiit-i that application
aanitt at the cslutu:'- sLrt*« uiootha frt*nwhb date.
U K° >i (iiI.BERT. |
Ch&rl«*tva, C.j I>et .i, i«k»s. lievvwjtoi
Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel.
Cljronidc &
From tkc National Jntelligcncer.
Peruvian Tumuli.
I i)uHt tbmi art and unto thou ahalt return."
j i., < wii.viion with olher cro.ituffH, man ri#«*« out of the
* . . rV. ta nr fru*k« i»is allotted hour upon hit surface,
- ks into its IjOßoin, and in reaoivea bat*k into iU
• « utr. When the spirit no longer requires it the
taberiwle ofeUy jHtrb*hOH : its enunbling mat**ria]s
ii.. It into their primitive tl- i Is, and pans again and
I /.gain, aa they had previously pawed, into mineral,
j\/• ? ;oh*, fi’rl h\::tg fonn-. .’u- the ftmieeules of
j oar i>* .■!)*- are common to all l»odi«rH, there was no
!»};il»-opiikni, nor. on ottwr grounds, any forcible
; f fisoii for the aiM'ient pr.M tice of prewrving the
<nio >of ihe dead. It is the statue that affect* us,
J nor the du>‘ irj the ulptor's studio; and hence the
| *s*f js.pular priictice of endeavoring to preserve
! ; liody ilself, which i* still more preposterous and
limpruetjeabhr. Can we. then, have nothing to cherish
«« - >uvenirs of the departed ? Yes ; tLat which
:h. • can truly reflect them. Os the countless
j my ri id* tiafe have lived tad died, not two individu
a - were ma<ie afl<r the same pattern. It ia the form
or feature*, not th** substance, that slwuld be pie
-< rv*. d. Wi.ateflVirt* have been made, and usei**H«lv
*•-, to k«*cp the great dead from commingling wntli
j tie i* native earth! Embalming to prevent decom
l>.—i*; n, coffins of incorruptible materials, and these
• in everlasting cemeteries like the pyramids,
■i in others cut into the living rock ! How miscra
biy aij have failed to e\ ade the inexorable law
-•d above ! Then what are a few hundred or a
.. w ti >*UMund years during wliich unrecognitrd hu
man remains may Lave resisted dissolution ? They
-..••less than fractions of moments on the dial of
lime . and what do they end in ? The mummies of
I ;ypt are quarried for fuel, and, whether those of
fr,* idutraoh.* . their wives, their priests, or their
- > ■ are -i-iit open and chopped up with the same
ioibrl'cr'-nce ns so many pin»* R»gs. The gums and
' -a <1 in embalming them have made them a
uO'id substitute for bituminous coal ; and thus the
very mean* employed to preserve tls-rn have bo
co.;:*- the active agents of their dissipation. So it is
v. • n the materials of coflina have a high marked
vale.-- ; tkvy are then seized as concealed treasure
and tiieir cwntr.nt* cast out as rubbish. Like heroes
in ti * Eastern iw.misphere, the descendants of Manco
( iipc«* were sometimes, if not always, entombed in
- !i, and with considerable treasure besides in ves
- . of gold and silver; hence we learn how the
b;., ’ i-h conquerors sought for, often found, and as
oi** n plundered rh*h Incan sepulchres.
T • f«>re*g*/:ng truin of thought was awakened by
n i ,i,7 u % ry inter*rating lettler from W. W. Evans,
I.' I Engineer of the Arica and Tacna Railroad,
!.it* d Arica, August lrf. 1855. The following are
“ I am most sorry I did n t give you more infor
*uati«‘U in lefercnce t-» the Indian relics sent. The
.act is. 1 i.ever get time to examine personally the
• xcav ationa among the tombs. 1 cannot say wbeth
* r th** things came out of one tomb, or two, c: twen
i\. Tb<*y arc a small portion of thousands of similar
uiinga from the hundreds of graves we havedemo
-1 >h«-<l. The excavations we /ire making on the hill
-i*U /it th»- moro «*f Arica i»- now seventy feet in
dejith. The koil is loose sand, except the first two
< i which lms some salt in it. that holds it together.
The t.*mk- are just bedow the surface, and *>ur men
j.r»* working seventy feed below them. As we work
.u, cv > r v thing fro in the top comes sliding down,
dead Inclines, pots, kettles, arrowheads, See. The
-■Mrthenware.often gets broken. Os late there has
not much come out that is interesting. Sometime
. an Indian wus started out of his resting-place
,of ltd up tn a shroud of gold. The men, suspecting
what it wm.*, «rut it up into small pieces and divided
it etc; i.g themselves. Two pieces got into tic* hands
of my washerwoman. She refused to sell them at
;m . price . but 1 have torn off apiece and enclose it
in tins letter. The whole was, lam told, one sheet
*<i liter mi'. I have drawn the two pieces on this
'.<•< t. They w* igh over three-fourths of an ounce.
| And cot .iiii twenty-five superficial inehes.f Our
i .ihvuy line runs near some tumuli in the Tacna val
!. \. aiid when we get the track near them I will get
a Yankee’s eye into one or more of them. * * There
ir, mu thing ( always thought interesting about the
1 Indians we «lig up here. I have examined the skulls
cf hundreds, and have not s**en one with a tooth de
cay. *d. ”
'i uc triangular piece sent measures on one side an
inch and a halt ; the edge ir smooth, compara
tively !• night, and probably formed a part of the
original bold r; the other two edges are rough and
i.-Montcd, lorn from the washerwoman's portion of
i c sp *i' Tlie gold is between twenty-one and
twoca ■- perhaps a natural alloy. Itmp
p.-arsliai dcr and more springy than pure gold. I
!■-• it**d ii jo a re! heal, with the view of annealing
it, but without producing any sensible change in its
ela - licit v. Th. thickness may be deduced from its
\v< ight. Viz : « ightceii grains to the square inch.—
E. il. i t!v to envc’ojie a full-grown person the sheet
could .hardly ha ve contained lew than eighteen su
|». rficial feet, the weight of which would nave been
between eight and nine pounds. Had the whole
1 1 « :i preserved it would have been the finest sped
men of shea t gold that we have heard of since the
times of the conquest, and would have thrown light
on tin- process i t spreading out the metal from the
ingot or easting—a process most certainly allied to,
ii not idi-nticm with that of ancient oriental work
men. *• And they did bent the gold into thin plates.”
Exodus, x.vxix. j. “Silver spread into plates is
brou !it from Tarnish and gold from Fnluiz; the work,
of tin workmen audof the hands of the founder.”—
.Jer.j x. Turclias, in his Pilgrimage, mentions
plates two or three feet long hammered out by Mexi
can goldsmiths.
Tin* date of tin-s. Vi ruvi/m tombs is a matter for
! conji-etmv. N'i clue is afforded by which to reach
it * B.ith the climate and soil being highly favora
!*;*• to th,* persecution of the bodies in a dry state,
tU, v m:;_\ have belonged to remote, aud far to re
mote, lines. Tin* owner of the shroud, wo may
p:\ - mu. , was sleeping in it long before the tragedies
of f’i/atToand his followers began. Scenting gold
as k< * niv. as wild animals scent their prey, the bu
rial of Lodi* - in golden attire would then have been
almost certainly followed bv robbery of the grave
and de*» oration of the dead. Tin* loss of the enclos
ed body is as much to be regretted as that of its en
v*-l'*p«*. Ap* r- >n thus honored in death must have
been distinguished in lift—a chieftain in waroi in
pence, or p* l sibly a priest. Whatever lie was, he was
most likely interred with other evidence of his char
nel *r than ills rich winding sheet; and we ore left to
deplore tin* wholesale destruction of tumuli, charged
with materials precious to archaeologists, without
any one present interested in their preservation or
description. Thomas Ewbank.
Washington Dec. 24, 1855.
[Pur the purpose of authenticating the above in
teivstiu" article, we have, with the writer’s consent,
affixed Lis name to it. We have ourselves seen and
. xauiiiH-il th** specimen of sheet gold referred to in
the article.— Kds.]
Railroad Accidents In I N.Vh
The follow ing table shows the number of accidents
together with the number of killed and wounded,
w 1,.. !, have occurred on the various railroads of the
l ited States during the past veur, together with a
comparative table of the number during 1854. The
i iblc contains a record of no accident which w as not
atteii led with h"* of life or injury to person; neither
does it embrace the great number of persons who
hn\ e been killed and maimed by jumping from ino
\ i.ig trains, attempting to get on cam while they
wt-rr in motion, being run over, &.**.:
V ts Kill'd Wn d. Ac ts. Kill'd. W'n'd.
142 116 539 193 186 589
Included in the above, there have been killed du
rii.i: the year, of the employees on railroads:
Engineers 20 Conductors 6
Fire men 19 Brmkemcn 16
Stenmbont Accidents in 1555.
The following table embraces the number of
'V.mibout accidcuts which have occurred on the
rivi i-, Lik* s aud bays of this country, and which
have been attended with loss of life and injury to
person during the year 1855, together with the tram
ft. rot kill* d and wounded. \Ye also give a compar
ative table of lik:.* accidents in 18 r »4:
Ac ts. K iYd. Whi'd. XFts. Kill'd." Wil'd.
27 176 107 48 587 225
Destructive Fires duHna 1535.
The following table shows the losses by fires
which have occurred in the United States during the
war just closed, where the amount of property de
stroyed has been estimated equal to and upwards of
twenty thousand dollars:
No. of " No. of
Fires. Loss. Fires. Loss.
Januaw 1;> $1,093,000 2o $2,252,000
February 20 1,195,000 22 1,668,000
March..* 26 1.678,000 11 1.221,000
Vnril 19 1,150,000 22 1.916,000
Mav 21 1,448,000 8 393,000
,)im«* 16 1,285,000 16 895,000
Juh 13 1.217.000 24 3,270,000
August 8 392.000 27 4,412,000
September 18 1,102,000 15 708,000
October 14 803,000 16 1,040,000
Number 10 650,000 17 937,000
Dtouber 14 73n,000 20 1,866.000
T d 193 $13,049,000 223 $20,578,000
To which must be added the amount of property
ife -r i veil by tires where the loss was less than twen
v thousand*dollars, which would probably increase
i i • aggregate to at least twenty-five millions in
IS t. and U* about eighteen millions in 1855, which
shows a decrease iu the amount of property de
stivyed by fire during the past year, compared with
I*sl. of seven millions of dollars. The number of
lives lost by fires during the year was 171.
Im!\>rts of Dry Goods at New York—The
Nc v York Journal of Commerce supplies a full sta
lls; ;eal exhibit of the imports of ilrv goods at that
jut; during 1860, from which we condense the most
impcntNUi results. The year 1853 witnessed the
:\rgv.-' imports at New York ever since the countiy
>' s tth i. The r« -vipts of dry good*, alone, for
r .at year, reached $83,704,211. an increase of over
• * ' ;•» r cent. upon the total of the preceding year. In
i 1 beginning of the year 1554, the import* fell off.
bat with some fluctuation*, and the decrease was
r ; very strongly marked until September of that
yt ir. when the falling off became rapid and uninter
rupte-l. continuing monthly, without exception, un
• S.-* N*mbcr. 15,V>. a perk'd of 12 months. Part of
ti is d*‘«v-as«* was of course included in last year's
-•..:nu::;ry. tiu- total imports of dry goods for 1854
:.--ing o:.;y $’*0,842,956 against $93,704.211 for 1553.
T; dot Tv ase continued until September, 1855. when
• * trade turacil, and each month since has shown
•i comparative increase, leaving the total for the
1,528,-
••k 1.149, below that of 1853, but $3,319,918 greater
Is Y a I ‘ r 1 .1 ,e y eHr 18. -, when the total was only
? i ~*>4.143 \Vc annex a summary comparison for
three years:
o r Pry Gcinff a: .Vhc York for tk< %-ror.
j £'*’*»-»/«'«*■ ISS.I ISM. 1835.
,V !" •••sASM.I4# SSS.6SS 518.537.357
I x fr.Nt0.473 15.*wi.K6 10,510,710
) Ilrv V*6r Ira cS’’ 573 <'.' , 't>7»4
i il lmgrt ig 6.W.SK 5,y.»15S
ilf.' tSO.c4S.SK #64.074,06S
4 ° ,'7. «f*is.«*.iC4for tb w
7-- -«. »i.k*. f99:.*.vs in flu. udiin
0 * i.i mis. . -an. I.us dry goods. * ’
between the lotah thrown upon
‘ * ; ? V*?* catered at tae port, are
i ; -Tt Q3R
~ ko' f*ir Me the total thrown on the
; T * or «*K*uuiptk.n was only $78,161,318 Iu
. receipt* being
S'4 ■ •<’-. "Ime th, total thrown on the market
lor , s>ntn r t:on was 566.-J6.T53. ThisThowsfrat
.--.tin lonturvonr the receipt* wore inexceioftfte
. ~ uarjd. " hifc in the laat year .hoy have been lei
■ -‘ an the wants ot the traqe Ball Amer.
j CtMKit Railro vd—The following is the R 0......
!Ol rvrteto:* of this company elected Slonday—R H
I «••.'■>•!« r .l..hnW Anri, tino.'Thom*.
le w. \\ itliam Crabtree, .lobe. R Wilder, John B
i tiwuie. JusypD \\ Webster, C A. L. Lamar, the last
m place »f L. O. Reynolds. deceased.—.Saronaoh
j Urargm-..
T" Tell Good Logs.—ls von desire to be certain
that you. eggs are good and fresh, put them in water
—if tie. butts turn up they are not fresh. This ia
in. i .aaUible nile to ui.tlnguiah a good egg from a
bad one.— Exchange.
The Southern Minnesota Herald says that Mr,
Looney, of Boot Kiver, gathered this year 4000
bushels of cum off TO acre*, more than half of which
had not Iwt touched from the time it waa planted
Mr. L. also raised a cartload of 70 pumpkin* from
one teed:
tieyort ofTke ’Secretary of War.
[hxtracts.]
Strength of the army. —The authorised strength
;of the anny (os now posted) is 17,/j67, officers and
mcrs;butLie accompanying tables prepared in t/ie
j Adjutant Qenerai s office,show that at the dateof tiie
latest returns the actual strength was 15,752. Toe
{ recruiting service is now progressing satisfactorily,
however, and it is believed that iu a few months the
j disparity between the authorized andi&ctua! strength
of the army (2,115) will be nearly overcome. The
number of enlistments made during the twelve
i mouths endiug September 3U, was 10.546. The
■ number of persons offering to enlist and who were
; refused on account of minority or unfitness for service,
! was 20.522. The number of casualties in the army
by deaths, discharges and desertions during the
same period, were 5,500. -The very numerous ap
plications for the discharge of minors—so many of
which have succeeded within the oast year—renders
it necessary that some steps should be taken to check
the growing evil and the serious expense to which
the govc-mmect is thereby subjected. The regula
tions are sufficiently stringent on the subject of the
enlistment of minors; but recruiting officers are
frequently deceived by the appearance of the re
cruit and the false representations respecting hi»
true age. In cases where deceptions of this charac
ter have be»*u practiced the contract should be con
sidered binding, or the recruit should be required at
the time of enlisting to swear that he in either of full
age, or, being a minor, that he has neither parent or
guardian. A modification to this extent of the ex
isting law respecting the discharge of minors pth
section of the act of Sept. 28,185 U) would, it is be
lieved, lessen the impositions which are now prac
tised and protect the government from no incon
siderable loss. The general distribution of the troops
remains forth* most part as indicated in the last
annual report.
Indian Wars. —ln the Department of the West,
Texas, New Mexico, and the Pacific, Indian hostili
ties have been of frequent occurrence. For the
purpose of chastising the Sioux Indians, implicated
in the massacre of a detachment of L’nited Suites
troops in August of last year, and to protect from
Indian incursions the Western frontiers of Nebraska
and Kansas, and emigrant routes leading from the
Missouri river to the W.-st, a military force was sent
into the country inhabited by the Sioux, late in the
summer, under the command of llrevet Brigadier
General Harney. On the 3rd of September, tLat of
ficer, with a portion of his command, engaged a par
ty of the Jiruie band of the Sioux nation, and after a
.»liort conflict completely routed them. Eighty-six
Indians were killed and a large number taken pri
soners. The papers und property captured, leave no
doubt that this band was concerned m the massacre
of the detachment above referred to as well as in
the murders and depredations committed upon emi
grants, ami in the robbery of the public mail.
In the Departments of Texas, New Mexico and
the Pacific, military expeditions have been sent
against the Indians guilty of outrages upon the per
sons and property of the frontier inhabitants mid
emigrants within those sections of the country, and
in several summary punishment lias been in
flicted by the troops upon the offending tribes.
The mail steamer junt arrived at New York has
brought advices from the Department of the Pacific
to November stb, by which 1 regret to learn that In
dian hostilities of « much more serious character
than the difficulties iu that department referred to
above or than from the official report previously re
ceived, there had been reason to apprehend, nave
occurred in the Territories of Oregon and Washing
ton. The letter of the Governor of the Territory
and of the Commanding Genera! of the Depart
ment of the Pacific, of October 24, of which copies
are herewith submitted, furnish the only official in
formation on the subject in the possession of this De
partment. It w ill be perceived that to meet, the
emergency the Governor has ordered out a mounted
volunteer force of seventeen companies, or übout
twelve hundred men.
The Department, ut this distance, and in the ab
sence of more definite information, especially in
regard to the extent of the combination among the
hostile tribes, cannot judge wlmt volunteer rein
forcements to the regular troops may be necessary.
This is a matter which must be necessarily left to
the military commander in the Department of the
Pacific, who lias repaired to the theatre of hostilities.
I lih presence there will obvinP the difficulties which
inignt otherwise arise on the. subject of rank and
command between officers of the volunteer and
regular forces. The alacrity with which the volun
teers have responded to the call of Governor Curry
gives assurance that their aid will be as efficient us
it has been prompt, and it is hoped that their con
tinuance in the military service, to the great inter
ruption of their ordinary pursuits, will be limited to
the shortest possible duration by the arrival of rein
forcements which have been ordered to the regular
troops of that department.
Re-Organization of the Army.— ln my last report
I suggested several measures which I deemed ne
cessary to peserve and increase th*; efficiency of the
army.
Tin* principal of these was the revision of the laws
regulating rank and command, and those fixing the
organization of the army. In relation to the evils
then shown to be inherent in the present system, I
need only say that additional experience has demon
strated their existence more clearly, while it has
given no reason to distrust the advantages which
were hoped from the changes indicated. That the
right of command should follow rank by one certain
and determined rule that officers who hold commis
sions which eutiile them to the command of troops,
should not, at an early period of service, be placed
permanently iu positions on the stall, wliich afford
no opportunity for increasing military knowledge or
confirming military habits ; that troops organised,
equipped, aud necessarily employed for the same
service, should not bo divided iuto different arms ;
that those serving on foot, with regimental organiza
tion and bearing muskets or rifles, should not be
divided into artillery and infantry, nor mounted men
armed and equipped alike, be divided into dragoons
and cavalry. These propositions are the basis of
th** principal recommendations submitted in my lost
report. They appear too dear to me to need to be
enforced by argument, and 1 hope the evils which
the bare statement of the facts expose will not be
suffered to exist after the subject shall have secured
the considei a;e attention of Congress.
A measure scarcely inferior iu importance to those
which relate to rank, command and organization, is
that which has in view to increase the efficiency of
the. army by retiring from active service these offi
cers who are no longer capable of fulfilling its re
quirements; but as their profession affords li« tie op
portunity for a compensation allowed for their ser
vices indicates that it was fixed in connection with
attention tonersonal interests, and the very low rate ot
tin* idea of a permanent tenure, it would scarcely
seem to be just abruptly to discharge them without
any promotion for the future. Nor would such a
course be consistent with the gratitude due to those
who, amid the dangers and privations of military life
have been disabled by many years of faithful service,
or by wounds received in battle. As, however, the
claims of individuals must always be subservient to
tin* public good, so nothing can justify a system
which retains men in office tor which they hava be
come disqualified.
When age, wounds or other casualties of service
have stripped an officer of the power to discharge
the duties of a station which, in earlier life, he adorn
ed, a just consideration for his own fume and a due
regard for the public welfare demand that he should
give place to one whose mental and physical activi
ty is equal to the station, and who, stimulated by
early promotion, would not fail to emulate the hono
rable fame of him who he succeeds.
As one of the recommendations intimately connec
ted with this subject, I have to renew that made in
my former reports, for an increase of the compensa
tion of army officers and a revision of the laws res
pecting their allowance.
That this measure has failed heretofore to secure
the attention, which is in niv opinion due to it, I at
tribute to the misconceptions which are general us
to the amount of the pay, and the emoluments ol a
great majority of officers in active service. In the.
present condition of the laws regulating the pay and
allowances of officers, some may, under certain cir
cumstances, receive much larger allowances than
others, and, indeed, more than the nature, ot the ser
vice justifies, and these which are exceptional cases,
have given rise to a general impression that the
compensation of officers is much higher than it actu
ally is. Perhaps the error would have been less
prevalent were it not that their compensation is
made up of many items, which vary according to
circumstances, and render it difficult to compute the
amount in all cases with certainty ; but whenever
the subject shall bo fully considered, the result will,
l am confident, show that the officers of the army are
on the average less liberally compensated than those
who pursue any other occupation demanding equal
sapucity aud acquirements.
1 also* renew the recommendation that the provi
sions of the act of August 4,1854. increasing tne pay
of the rank aud file ot the army, do extended to all
enlisted men, some few oi whom are, by the military
signification of the words used in that statute exclu
ded from the benefits that were probably intended
for till who come under military obligation by enlist
ment. . .
Importation of Camel*.— Under the appropriation
marie at the last session for the importation of cam
els, an officer of the array and one of the navy have
been directed to proceed to the £ost to obtain ani
mals of the different breeds most likely to be useful
in our climate. By the kindness of the Secretary of
the Navy, astore-snip destined for the Mediterranean
with naval supplies, was placed at the disposal ot
this Department to bring iu a return cargo ol camels
and dromedaries, and from the last report received
from the officer charged with the execution of the
commission, it is expected that aa many of those
animals as the vessel will transport will be shipped
for tlis United States in February next. Recent in
quiries respecting the use of these animals in the
Crimea confirm me in the belief that they will be
found highly valuable in the military service in our
country.
Military Academy. —For detailed information re
specting the Military Academy, I refer to the reports
of the Chief Engineer, and of the Board of Visiters,
herewith transmitted, which exhibit a satisfactory
view of the condition of that institution. 1 concur
iu the recommendations of the former, for the estab
lishment of a new professorship, in order that the
chaplain may be relieved of the duties of professor
•f ethics, die., and for the appointment of an in
structor of cavalry, and for the allowance of light ar
tifiery pav to the Instructor of artillery.
The act of March 10, lStr2, requires that the corps
of engineers be stationed at West Point, and con
stitute the Military Academy, and that the principal
engineer, and in his absence the next in rank, shall
superintend said academy. By this act the cadet*
were made part of the corps, and the whole number
of officers and cadets whs limited to twenty. Un
der subsequent legislation, the number ol cadets
have been increased nearly thirty fold, and owing to
this extension of the academy, and to the demand
tor the services of engineers* in the field, and on per
manent works the affairs of the academy are mainly
administered by professors holding no military com
missions, and officers detailed from the army gen
erally. Thus the post has long ceased to be exclu
sively an engineer station as originally contemplated
and the chief engineer hiinselt. under the act estab
lishing an engineer bureau in this Department, has
been stationed at Washington. I therefore recom
mend such revision of the act in question, an will
render its provisions consistent with the changes in
troduced bv subsequent legislation and the necessity
of the service.
Sea Coast Defences.— The sea coast defences
have, during the past year, been steadily pressed to
wards completion to the extent of the means granted
by Congress for that purpose. In no pan of our
military system is the exercise of wise foresight
more necessary than in the prosecution of th*-ee
works, and I recommend to favorable consideration
the remarks of the Chief Engineer upon the subject.
The preparation of the armament for these works
is iu advance of tne constructions.
Thy communication heretofore made for an appro
priation to commence the fortification of Ship Island
is renewed. The importance of this work as con
nected with the defence of the approaches to New
Orleans, and the command of the inner channel of
communication, between the Mississippi river and
Mobile harbor, has been augmented both by the in
creased value ot that navigation in time of peace, and
the introduction of light draught war steamers, which
would render this approach still more available for
the operations of an enemy than when, in ISI4, it
was selected as the line of hostile descent.
The physical geography of the vast region drained
by the Colombia river indicates that at some dav a
gTeat city must arise at the point which shall become its
commercial entrepot Attention has been heretofore
called to the necessity of fortifying the entrance to
tne Columbia river, and l would again commend it
to attention and favorable consideration
Improved small arms. —At the national armories
the manufacture of smooth bored arms- have been
brought to a cioee New models for small arme have
been adopted upon the right principle, and embracing
the improvements described in mv last report, and
it is expected that the armories will be at work upon
then new arms before the close of the year
In the meantime, the improved ammunition to
which mainly is due the increased range recent
ly obtained by small times, has beer issued to
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 10, 1856.
. troops ttearing grooved arms, and its use in actual
I service h?v* fully realised all the advantages that
J were anticipated.
Among th** new models for small arms, is a pistol
of increased length of barrel, furnished with an at
tachment to the stock, which may be instantly ap
plied, and which converts it into a carbine. Should
thus prove as valuable in actual service as the ex
periments now made indicate, no difference will be
needed between the arms and equipments of dra
goons and tlos-* of light cavalry ; but the whole, arm
ed with this weapon, will be rendered, in celerity of
movement, equal to light cavalry and in combat as
efficient as heavy dragoons. It'-* thought that this
arm will be found also well adapted to the use ol
sappers and miners, of men working in the trenches,
aud of light artillerymen.
Under provisions made last year for th** pur
chase of breach-loading rifles, many sample?* of this
weapon have been examined, aud a number of vari
ous patterns purchased and placed in the hand* of
troops for trial in the field. 1* is deemed indispensa
ble to subject them to this test before adopting any
as a standard weapon.
Pacific Railroad Surreys. —The reports of the
officers employed under tho appropriations made for
exp!/rations and surveys to ascertain the most prac
ticable and economical” route for a railroad from the
ML-sissippi river to the Pacific Ocean, were sub
mitted to Congress on the 24th of February last,
with a report from this Department, giving a general
sketch "t th-- country over which they » xtended; a
recapitulation of their results, aud a comparison of
their distinguishing characteristics, from which it
was concluded, that of the routes examined, the most
practicable and economical was that of the 32d par
allel. A report is herewith submitted from the officer
in this Department charged with the revision of the
work of tne several parties, and I refer to it for ad
ditional information, derived from materials collect
ed, on a further examination of them by himself and
the several officers who made the particular sur
veys, as well as for the results of explorations carried
ou during the past year. When the report was made
in February last, m&nv of the maps, drawings aud
scientific papers intended to form part of the report,
and which could only be prepared after an elaborate
examination of the materials collected, had not been
completed for the want of time, and it became neces
sary to substitute hastily prepared drawings and
preliminary reports. This was particularly the case
with regard to the work on the route of the 35th par
allel. A minute examination of the material collect
ed in that survey, lms resulted in showing the route
more practicable than it was at first represented to
be. and in reducing to nearly one half the original
estimate of the officer in charge of the survey, which
iudeed seemed, when they were submitted, to be ex
travagant, and were noted in the report from this
I)apartment us probably excessive.
Another feature of interest developed in t he course
of the further examination of the* work, on the route
of the 32d parallel. Is that of the Colorado desert,
which is traversed by the route for the distance of
133 miles, ami which in the report, referred to was
noted as consisting of a soil that needed only water
to render it highly productive, is in foot the‘delta of
the Colorado liver, and according to barometric
levels, is so much lower than thut stream as to lx*
easily irrigated from it. Thus, there is every reason
to believe 4,500 square miles of soil, of great fertility,
of which nearly one-half is in our own territory, may
be brought into cultivation, in one unbroken tract,
along the route. Under the appropriation made ut
the lust session for the continuation *»f those surveys
and other purposes, three parties have been in the
field daring the past season. One of them wis di
rected to make examinations with the routes of 32d
aud 35th parallels. This survey has greatly improved
the aspect of the former routes, by changing the line
for nearly half the distance between the Rio Grande
und the Fimas villages, on the Gila river, from bar
ren ground to cultivatable valleys, and entirely
avoiding a jornado of 80 miles, which occurs in tlmt
section; also, by the discovery of an eminently
practicable route through a cultivatable country
from the plums of L*>a Angelos, along the coast and
through the Salinas valley to Sun Francisco. The
connection originally proposed between those points
was byway of the Valley of San Joaquin and the
Great Basin.
The attention of this party was also directed to an
examination into the practicability of procuring
water along certain parts of the route where it is
now deficient. The report shows that it may be ob
tained by common wells at distances of about twenty
miles.
From the result of this exploration, moreover, it
appears practicable to obtain at a small expense, a
good wagon road, supplied with water by common
wells, from the Rio Grande down the JSan Fedro and
Gila, and across th*' Colorado desert. Such a road
would be of great advantage. Military operations
would facilitate the transportation of the mail across
that country, and relieve emigrants pursuing that
route from much of the difficulty aud suffering which
they encounter.
A second party was charged with the duty of test
ing the practicability of procuring water by artesian
wells on the Llano Estocado, an arid plain which
has been heretofore described ns a desert. The ex
periment lias so far demonstrated ils practicability
as to leave little doubt of its final success. U will
be continued, however, until the problem shall lm\ «*
been fully solved.
The examinations into the feasibility of enuring
subterranean streams to, flow upon the /surface from
Artesian wells, though undertaken in connection
with the practicability of a railroad, if they should
prove entirely suectssfui will have n value beyond
their connection with that object, in the reclamation
of a region which is now a waste, and its adaptation
to the pastoral aud perhaps the agricultural uses of
man.
The third party was directed to conduct an explo
ration from the Sacramento to the Columbia river,
with a view to ascertain the practicability of a route
to connect the valleys of those rivers. The officer
in charge has reported the successful completion of
theduty, but has not given details. The same officer
has been selected to make a reconnoisance of the
Sierra Nevada in the Vicinity of the head branches
of the Carson river.
The prosecution of instrumental surveys, accom
panied by investigations into many branches of phy
sical science simultaneously, over lines of such length
and embracing such an extent of latitude, is a work
of greater magnitude than any of the kind hitherto
undertaken by any nation, and its results have not
only proved commensurate with theauiount of work
done, but {possess a value peculiar t«> tin* scale on
which it lias been conducted, as affording a basis
for the determination of some questions of science
which no number of smaller detached explorations
could have furnished. The facts developed by these
surveys, added to other information which we pos
sess, suggest some considerations of great interest
with regard to our territory on the Pacific. They
exhibit it as a narrow slope of an average width of
less than 150 miles of cultivated land, skirting the
oceun for a distance of one thousand miles, which in
those mineral productions which arc tempting be
yond their value, and which would be most readily
turned to the use of an invader, drained by two
rivers of wide-spread branches, and with seaports
lying so directly upon the ocean that a hostile fleet
could commence an attack upon any one of them
within a few hours after being descried from land,
or if fortified against attack, so few in number, that
comparatively few ships would suffice to blockade
them.
This territory is not more remote from the princi
pal European States than from those parts of our
owa country whence it would derive its military
supplies: and some of those States have colonies
and possessions on the Pacific which would greatly
facilitate their operations against it. With these
advantages, and those which the attacking force al
ways has, of choice of time and place, an enemy
possessing military marine, could with comparative
ly little cost himself, subject us to enormous expen
ses in giving to our Pacific frontier that protection
which it is the duty of the general government to
afford. # w * * *****
These considerations and others of a strictly mil
itary character, cause the Department to examine
with interest all projects promising the accomplish
ment of a railroad communication between the navi
gable waters of the Mississippi and those of the Pa
cific ocean. As military operations depend in a
greater degree upon rapidity and certainty of move
ment than upon any other circumstance, the intro
duction of railway transportation has greatly im
proved the means of defending our Atlantic and in
land frontiers; and to give us a sense of security
from attack upon the most exposed per’ion of our
territory, it is requisite that the facility of railroad
transportation should be extended to the Pacific
coast. Wore such a road completed, our Pacific
coast, instead of being further removed in time, and
less accessible to us than an enemy, would be brought
within a few days of easy communication, ami the
cost of supplying an army there instead of being
many times greater to us than to him, would be
about equal. We would be relieved of the necessi
ty of accumulating large supplies on that coast, to
waste perhaps through long years of peace, and v •
could feel entire confidence that let war come, when
and with whom it may, before a hostile expedition
could reach that exposed frontier, an ample force
could be placed there to repel any attempt ut inva
sion.
From the results of the surveys authorized by
Congress, we derive at least the assurance that the
work is practicable, and may dismiss the apprehen
sions which previously we could not but entertain as
to the possibility of defending our Pacific territory
through a long war with a powerful maritime enemy.
The judgment which may be formed as to the
prospect of its completion, must control our future
plans f • the military defence of that frontier, and
any plan for the purpose whichehould leave that con
sideration out of view would be as imperfect as if it
should disregard all those other resources, with which
commerce and ait aid the operation of armies.
Whether we shall depend on private capital and
enterprise alone for the earlv establishment of rail
road communication, or shall promote its construction
by such aid as the general government may constitu
tionally give: whether we shall rely upon the con
tinuance of peace, until the increase of the population
aud resources of the Pacific States shall render them
independent of aid from these of the Atlantic slope
ana Mississippi valley; or whether we shall adopt
the extensive system of defence above referred to,
are questions oY public policy which belong to Con
gress to decide.
Beyond the direct employment of such a road for
military purposes, it has other relations to all the
great interests of our confederacy—political, com
mercial, the prosperity of which essentially contrib
utes to tt,e common defence. Os these it Is not ray
purpose to treat, further than to point to the addi
tional resources which it would aevelope, and the
increase of population which must attend upon giv
ing such facility of communication to a country so
tempting to enterprise, much of which, having most
valuable products, is beyond reach of market.
The Ict Storm.—lt commenced raining here
about midnight on Friday last, and as even- drop of
rain, except what reached the earth, seemed to freeze
as it fell, after it had fallen for some three hours, the
weight of ice became greater than most of the tree?
could bea~, so that from about three o'clock, the
breaking of the limbs, the snapping of the trunks, and
occasional uprooting of the shade .and forest trees,
under the constantly accumulating weight of the ice.
continued with scarce an instant s intermission until
morning. What rendered this wild scene of tumult
more striking, the cause of it was.by no means ob
vious. from the extreme darkness of the night. With
the morning camo the explanation, aud probabiv no
one of the present generation ever saw just such a
scene here. The day was gloomy and sunless—in
everv direction the ground was strewed with the
debris of the noble shade and forest tree?—not one
of which escaped without some injury, and many of
them were left standing like bare poles without a
limb for seventy feet. But on Sundav morning, un
der the influence of a bright and cloudless sun. a
a scene of gorgeous splendor was presented to the
eve which no imagination could have conceived, and
which we are wholly incompetent to describe. Every
spire of grass, and every bough and sprig of the de
cidious trees, and every leaf and straw of the ever
green had been thickly eacnioted with ice, and with
pendwnt icicles from three to five inches in length, so
that the leafless trees seemed covered with a splen
did work of burnished silver, and the mixture of
transparent ice with the green of rhe pine and other
perennials, presented a scene of indescribable beauty,
which made us forget the ruin everywhere around m>.
The injury to tee pine timber in this District is
incalculable’ and can onlv be estimated by millions.
The roads were rendered almost impassable, and we
observed but two carriages at our Court House on
Sale day—Orangeburg ( S. €.) Southron.
On the first of January the Albany Argus and
Albany Atlas are to be consolidated, the latter hav
ing been sold to the former for f 15,900. It is under
stood that this is the premonitorv symptom of a fu
sion of the two Branches of the Democratic pajty in
New York.— Sac. Geo ream.
It is a notorious fact that one of the branches of the
New York Democracy (the Van Buren branch is out
and out FreeeoiL So we have above a confession
from the Georgian that his party is about to make a
fusion with the enemies of the ’ South ? Savannah
Republican
An Original Loiter oi Ir. Webster.
j Whein the “Lives <*f the Lord Chanceltars” was
1 published by Lord Campbell, some years ago. the
J distinguished author transmitted u copy of his work
! to t'ie late Daniel Webster. In acknowledgment of
' the compliment, our illustrious countryman ad
: d< eased a letter to Lord CamnbeH, for a copy of
which we are indebted to the Kindness of his then
private Secretary, Mr. C. Laminin, to whom Mr.
Webster presented the original draft as an autograph
souvenir. The letter is eminently characteristic of
the lamented statesman’s style, principles, and po
litical sentiments, and will be read with especial
interest by professional men, ami with pleasure by ,
all others.— Nat. Intelligencer.
Mr Lord Campbell : Some days of unexpected j
leisure have given me an opportunity of reading the
“Lives of the Lord .Chancellors ana I feel irresisti
bly impelled to signify to your Lordship the pleasure
and profit which the perusal of the volumes has af
forded me. The subject is a noble one, and has
been treated according to merits. The work
may be read with advantage by nil political and all
professional men. T'»e lives which have most inter
ested me arc those oi F.ilsmere and Bacon, Charles
York, and the incoinj arable Summers. All must be
gratified to see the title of EUsmere restored in the
person of a worthy and accomplished descendant.—
As to Bacon. I agree with you that heretofore there
has been no just history of his life. Indeed, I doubt
whether we shall ever b** able to trace the progress
of his extraordinary mind. I think Lis conceptions
were without regular progress. A sort of intuition
seems to characterize his mental power. Although
I do not imagine that lie fully comprehended him
self, if one may do so. or knew the full extent and
consequences of his own conceptions, yet doubtless
he felt conscious of his superiority to ‘the age; and
the manner in which he commends himself to the
judgment of posterity “some centuries hence,” is
exceedingly touching. If England bad been sunk in
the sea the day of his death, Bacon would hav
made her memory immortal.
The life of Charles York is a tale of deep pathos.
One cannot read it without high admiration, sympa
thy, and heartfelt sorrow. \\Y* know not what his
future might have been; but how bright that future
looked, up to the evil hour m which he took the
seals!
But the man of men is Somers. I assure you, my
dear Lord, that l his character a" contem
plation and a study. I have collected ami pemued
nil that l could find concerning him: and 1 remem
ber well that before I was admitted to the bur I
read Ids defence of the “Seven Gulden Candle
sticks” not without tears, and rose from my chair
and joined the shouts which conveyed the news of
their triumph to the palace of the last of the Stuart
My Lord, excuse this intrusion. I have the honor
of no acquaintance with your Ix-rdship, except a
casual introduction of a few minutes' conversation
in the House of Lords; but your biography of the
great men who have hud seats ou the wool-sack,
ar.:l the manner in which it had been written, seem
io bring congenial professional minds together, and
to create a warmtn of common feeling between
tlx* lovers of truth constitutional liberty on both
sides of the Atlantic; aud Nottingham, and Ilard
wicke, and Eldon as great teachers of equity ju
risprudence, and Somers and Camden iih intelligent
and unterrified anaerters of public liberty, will here
after be held in the same regard, my Lord, bv vour
prosperity raid mine.
I am, with entire respect, you obedient servant,
1> \ mel Webster.
To tho right Hon. Lord Campbell.
Horse Flk.-h for Food.— The French are ad
ding to their dietetic regimen by introducing new
articles of food. One of their latest gastronomic in
novations is in the use of iiM'se flesh. It is only a
few months since no less a person than M. St. Hilaire,
Professor of Zoology at the < iarden of Plants, threw
the weight of his high authority ou the ride of his ali
ment, not as u dernier retort for a famishing people,
but us a wholesome and savory meat, deserving to
be ranked along with tin* choicer commodities of tlx*
butcher’s stall. The editor of the Union Medienle
giv* s an amusing account of a dinner to which he
was invited the other day, by M. Renault, Director
Ol the gloat V:*s- -Hilary S* ii-»ol at Ail*at. The object
proposed was a comparative test of the qualities of
beef and horse flesh served up in three standard
forms in which they arc employed bv the French
people. Ist. Bouillon y i water containing the juices
of meat that hat* been boiled in it, much used by the
French as soup.) 2d. Bouilli , (the meat thus boiled,
and wliich is invariably the second dish served up ut
the table ddw’r.) 3d. R,gi, (roast.) The horse flesh
served on tlx* present occasion, was from an animal,
which, after 2o years of faithful service, had tlx*
misfortune to be attacked with paralysis of the pos
terior limbs. He was, however, fat and exempt
from any other signs of disease. Thus far, the con
ditions were not the tnos: favorable ; /i younger ani
mal would have promised better results. The
bouillon was declared excellent, rich, savory, and
aromatic; the bouilli not so good, but on the whole,
quite eatable ; the roti occasioned an “explosion” of
satisfaction. Nothing could be finer, more delicate
or tender : and the* Jilcf rank* *1 with “Its viandes de
luxe les fins re eh ere bees.” Tin* editor of the Union
Medicalc waited in good faith twenty-four hours
before writing u line, tnat lx* might be able to declare
that he wrote without the slightest “remorse of di
gestion.” His conclusion is that a horse of twenty
three years old, nmy furnish “a superior bouillon : n
good and verv eatable bouilli , an exquisite rofi, and
a delectable tile/."
The Philadelphia Ledger, in reviewing the M* s
bage of the Governor of Pennsylvania, presents the
following summary of tlx* State finances:
“A large portion of tlx* Message is devoted to the
subject of the Stut. ti mince,, mid it .'ippeiirs by t tie
exhibit tlmt tin State Tnia in a ynml i-•.unfitiiui.
sliinving n btilmnv cf tibi.ut n niiilim, ni.dti qunrterof
•h,llm>, «itlumt uny l.>nn» iniiinc been required du
ring the venr. The actual receipta into the Treasury
were faiKMl,.}; I, and the expenditure, including ex
trnnrdmurv disbursements, j;i,:i,Vi,7o.T a balance of
nearly a million and a quarter was left over from
the year previous. The ex mordinary expenditures
wen* for completing public improvement*, and
amounted to $1,246,193. Tlx* balance in the Trea
sury will be required topavtlie February interest.
The sum of $ >35,011 dm* the Sinking Fund lms been
applied to the paying off tlx* temporary loans which
bear «ix per cent, interest. Tlx* State d< on tho
Ist of December last amounted t*. *41,007,094, being
a decrease of $630,60] in the last year. It is esti
mated that the receipts for tlx* current Year will ex
ceed tlx* extraordiuarv expenditures bv one million
and a half of dollars. ‘The Governor calls attention
to the fact that the minimum period has expired
fixed by law for the redemption of the certificates of
State stocks issued for the payment of inter* st on tlx*
funded debt of tlx* State, and no provision has been
made for their renewal or redemption. He thinks,
as there would be trouble to negotiate a loan at this
time, that the bonds of the commonwealth, bearing
five per cent, interest with coupons, might be issued
in renewal of said certificates.
“The public works yielded $1,912,376, or $103,585
overall the expenditures, ordinary ami extraordina
ry, or $794,013 over the ordinary Expenses. A large
increase in the business of the'current venr is ex
pected. Tne sum paid by the Pennsylvania Rail
road for tax on tonnage has been very large,
amounting to $161,125, which shows the extent of
business over that road. The Delaware division
and the Columbia Railroad exhibits satisfactory re
sults. The western end of the Main line lms not' paid
its expenses. The inclined planes over the Alleglm
nics are not completed, ami the cost exceeds the es
timates; $ 177,5 V 2 would vet be required before the
work is done. The North Branch Canal is not com
pleted ; it has likewise cost more than the original es
timates bv $751,340. The Governor renews the re
commendation that tlx* Main Line be sold : but sug
gests un amendment of the lawgiving such authority,
aud he thinks it a wise economy to sell the whole of
the public works.”
Gold Product of California.—The amount
of gold exported from California during 1855 falls
about $1,000,000 short in the export of 1854. The
San Francisco Times in an article upon the financial
condition and prospects of that State explains the
several causes that have led to tide diminution. The
great disparity occurred in the early part of the
w*ur, when, owing to tbe consternation created by
bank failures, few bills of exchange were purchased
by persons returning to the Atlantic States, each
one choosing to be his own carrier, and in this man
ner no account was taken of much of the gold that
went out of tbe country. Again, the country was
pretty well drained of the precious metals during the
latter part of 1854. by the heavy shipments of a par
ticular banking house. Not only dust, but coin was
shipped, until, comparatively speaking, scarcely a
dollar was left. Asa consequence, moderate ship
ments only could be mad** in the early part of the
l - «ent year. But the great cause of the reduction
m shipments is to be found in the decreased impor
tation of merchandize during 1855, and the conse
ntient lessened necessity of sending from California
tne products of the mini s. The development of the
agricultural resources of the State, enabling it to
export largely of many articles for which it previous
ly had to look abroad, and pay for iu the product of
the mines, has also cut off a cause for the drain of
precious metals, and enabled the capitalists of the
State to devote to enterprises within ns borders vast
amounts that were previously expended in the pur
chase of the necessaries of life. The Times treats as
an exploded chimera the idea that California is ex
clusively a mineral country, but has still unabated
confidence in the exhaustlcss riches of her auriferous
regions. She has gold enough to.employ the labor
of centuries, but it can no longer be obtained ns for
merly. The time has passed when the adventuier
needed no aid but the knife to pry the glittering
metal from the i lift of rocks, or the pan to prospect
the ravine. Concentration of capital is now neces
sary to build flumes, to sink shafts, to tunnel the
mountain, and even to wash down the hill-side.—
Balt. Amer.
Too Cruel.—The New York Evening Post—
half Soft Shell and half Black “Republican”—speaks
of Franklin Pierce and Caleb Cushing, as—
“ Men without any party, except the few who owe
to them their daily bread—without any political
character that they would not gladly be rid of—per
petrating fraud and violence.”
This is cruel. The Administration, in the Spring
of 1853, recognized the Evening Post as its official
organ in New York. It bestowed on it patronage.
It hat; since given it thousands of dollars iu the way
of advertising. It sires it this patronage yet — tin*
very dc/y ! It placed the men who control the
Evening Post at the head of its “party.” And cow
that these men have ruined its party, they twit the
Administration with having no friends!
If tiie Administration has lost its "political charac
ter," it has been by association with the Evening
Post’s Soft Shells. ‘And now that it has lost it, how
erne! fur them to throw the disgrace back upon the
Administration! How unkind to suggest that the
Administration cannot now “get rid of the disgrace
ful association !
And the “fraud and violence The Administra
tion sent James Irving and his friend* to Syracuse in
1853, to break up the Demurratic party and drive
the “insubordinate Hards into a separate organiza
tion, iu order that the Van Buren Softs might enjoy
all the federal offices in peace and quiet. Messrs.
Fowler, Cagger, Cassidy and Ludlow
organized the thing—the same men who are begging
and entreating the Hards to come back now, and
keep tbe Softs in office four years longer. The •
Evening Post chuckled at the outrage—was thankful
that the Hards were “gone forever." And now it
has the impudence to abuse the Administration for
“fraud ana violence!' It is too cruel! —A * • York
Sews.
The Case of Mrs. Gaines. —The N. O. Delta,
alluding to th«* decision of the Supreme Court of
Louisiana, in favor of 3lrs. Gaines, ray* that the
last wui of Daniel Clarke charged to have been de
stroved—the will of 1813. which recognizes the le
gitimacy of Mrs. Gaines, and creates her the univer
sal legatee of the deceased —has been ordered by the j
court of final resort in Louisiana, to be admitted of i
probate and executed. The effect of this mandate !
will be to give to Mrs. Gaines tbe very highest title j
to one of the largest estates in the United States—an !
estate of millions. The property involve*! in this j
litigation consists mostly of sugar plantations, and of j
some of the best city property. It is generally held I
by wealthy persons. The city of New Orleans has ;
sold, with a full warranty, a large portion of this
Sroperty, be liable therefor. Os the five I
uoges of the Supreme Court, three concurred in the
decision; Judge Buchanan excused himself, having ;
once been engaged in some of tin* suits brought by j
Mrs. Gaines, and Judge Lt*a sustained his own de
cision.
The Bangor Journal states that on Thursday Mar
shal Farnham seized some four or five thousand
gallons of liquor, which the former Receiver had ac
cumulated Turing his official career, aud recently re
moved to a store in Exchange street, where it was
supposed he was disposing of them on his private ac
count. He made no settlement with the city, and
on Christmas morning left the city with bis family,
as is supposed for good
iV. ;/* < A k‘ 1 .., k i 'oine.ercud Add rfiscr.
The nans,h fc* »und Does.
Ti:o WaJiii/gion Union ju*. > :is five columns of
correspondence on the subject of the Danish Sound
fines,going back t*> Febnr* y J, 1854, when Mr.
Marey wrote to Mr. Ife* ; . 1.-er, our Minister at Co
penhagen, instructing him immediately t** make
known to the Dams*. Minister of Foreign Relation*
, “the wishes and expeitatiuus of the Pres I dent in re
’ gard to the burden upon our commerce, to which
the Government and people of this country cannot
! reasonably be expected to submit any longer.”—
Th n follow • • ■ mm uuict ti i fom Mr. Bille, Da
nish Minister ei Washing!on. to »S* oivtarv Marcy,
setting forth the antiquity aud justice of the Sound
dues, and signifying the purport of the Danish Gov
ernment to oppose any demand requiring those int< * -
ests to be sacrificed. This communication, dated
Washington, February 17. I>"s, elicited from Secre
tary Marcy a letter to M*\ B I :\ d April
2 th, 1855, instructing him to t Danish
Government the y« tr's notice required by ih. exist
ing treaty, in case either party should desire its ter
mination. For this action the President had the au
thority of the United States Senate*. The ix iice was
given by Mr. Bedinger, on the 14th of April. 1855,
and his communication was duly acknowledged on
the 17 th of April, in the following terms :
Copenhagen', April 17, 1755.
Sir Conformably to rhed. sire which you ex
pressed to me on the”]-itli inst.. I have the honor to
inform you that I received the same day, 14th of
, April, ol* this year, your coimnunh alion containing
the announcement that the President of the United
States has declared the cessation of the treaty of
amity, of commerce, and of navigation, concluded the
26th April, 1526, between Dmimnik and tlx* United
States, for the term of foil years and twelve months
additional after the denunciation.
No one can more sincerely than myself, sir, parti
cipate vour regrets to s:*t* thus cxnirea treaty which
of the
United States as well ns those of tlx: subjects of the
King, my august sovereign.
But I am directed to call y, >;• attention to the fact
that mvgovernment c am.*.: ; t i *rs: usi the connec
tion which the governintn! of iL United States « s
tabiirix-s between the abolition oft’;*- Sound dues and
tiie above mentioned treaty. v. ;;l*h, it b true, regu
lates the rates at which the tolls should be imp* sed
u]M»n American ves- N,but of which the existence
aud the title to the right itself are, however, equally
independent. Nevertheless, a-* tlx* government of
the United States lms taken tho initiative in the de
nunciation of the treaty’, the govern! ~ utofthe King,
my augUHt sovereign, belie v< it self entitled to hope
that propositions wilil.e made to it lending to open
the way for the conclnsi.»n of a new treaty calculated,
at the same lime, to preserve intact the relations of
commerce which have until now’ subsisted so happily
between the two nations, and to prevent the eonse
auences equally disagreeable and n» * -sary, of the
definite termination of th** existing treaty—namely,
that the vessels of the United States would, in thr u*
passage through the Sound and the Bells, he placed
upon the same footing with lls se nations to whom
no favor is shown, (des nations non fovorise.
Accept, sir, &-e., &-c., &c. Sen eel.
On theßth of October, 1855, Mr. Bedinger trans
mitted to Washington tlx* circular, which wns ad
dressed also to all the governments: interested-in tlx*
matter, proposing a congress of the representatives
of those powers, to hr* held at Cop *nhageii iu No
vember. Tlx*nature of tlx* propositions tube con
sidered by that Congress is well know ji to our read
ers, and in the present crowded state of our columns,
wc cannot rc-produ. e this circular. We give, how
ever, that portion of il which describes particularly
the* manner of carrying out the proposed < npitulizu
tion:—
This is not the firri time that this pLnlrs been dis
cussed; although it has never been formally propos
ed by tin* Danish government t-» the powers general
ly, it has nevertheless, been th.* stilj *et of confer
ences wiiliso **Val Cabinets, and it may therefore be
supposed ;!mt, in principle, it contained ;t -thing
which is new to tlx* powers interested, or which re
quires detailed explanations in order to be under
stood. I! does not seem necessary, neither, to sub
mit, ut thia lute hour, the* various bas*. s **f e.'iphniizu
tion, among which a choice might be made, I** a
particular examination. The Danish Government,
although naturally bound to contribute-its share.to
capitalization, d*><*s not wish to act in anticipation of
the opinions which may lie set afloat, or bo promul
gated, in the course of a negotiation in which tlx*
delegates of a number of different .Stut, s me partiei
ptuits. its desire being rim? expe
dient equally acceptable to all, provided that this
object be accomplished., it gives no preference to nuv
particular mode **!’proceeding.
It may not be superfluous, however, to pn an
outline of the basis cf capitalization wliich th • Dan
ish Government would find livM-y suited ; • the na
ture of the revenue# which would h:tv** t*» be capi
talized, an*l the adoption of which wo*,ld r* -*d r. in
his opinion, the share to be contributed by earl, re
spective power, the most por ; »*»ili*.:i;ite l«* the pro
rata of the duties levied upon their vignti m und
TheVluties of the Sound and of Ii; • Belts arc partlv
toi< dup m vessels a*
latter duties arc the veritable Sound dims, while in
the first category nre prhieipalb mein,led li gin house
duties, eh .mine • dutb- A ~v *. It w.; mrim-rlv
intended to adopt, as an * xc’urive basis of capitali
zation, the nationality **t vessels naming through Ll'x*
ri rails *, but it is evident that tins elan would hr any
thing but just, seeing that tlx*, number of ve-s< N
longing to a certain nation, and passing through the
Sound and Belts, .toes in no w uv represent the quota
which this nation actually contributes to the dims,
which nre principally levied upon nx-rclmmlis .
This quo* I would b< in conformity to the
true state of things if we we.<* to adopt as a basis the
quantity of nxrehni.dis. wliich lias passed through
the Sound and the Belts, (u adopting this basis, it
mifrl.t bo nirrevil upon.fm- instmic.-, ti.::l the r.-q»r
tivi- .-'tut. h, Dnmnrk im-liirl, .I, j,,
proportion to the. quantity of good* exported from
their porta and import,.l into ti.,- Hi.tli.-,
through the atruitsor exported by the »ame wav of
t1..-Haiti,-, to he imp,.it,,(into tta i, part... Vi.-,,
verwiii ~i..t l.v eomhininu- tlii« l.aV:,- with th d of the
lmtiomihtvol tin- I , setia tth,- i- .mp.-.iHation
to In- paid t,. lh-immik mi-rl.t h.-.-ak-nlut-■.!,«« r. hit...
t., the rent Sound dm-,.-:;. - ll:e trut-V.t of goodH,
after the dir.-i-t importidioiiH er of e.-n-li
Sint, in tm rclmmlwe lm\ tag pawed th- traits ~f the
Sound audof the- Belts, am! with regard tn li-ht
house mid other duties, after the tiag, we itd/ld iter-
Imps get,, little nearer the just nnd • .initahle solution
of a problem the full settlement of whirl, must ulwnvH
present the grimiest ili«i»!iiti.-s.
The two tables accompanying this represent, one,
the amount of duties collected at the S,..mdand Pelts
upmr vessels of trneh t ■ speetive st, . i„ the vour*
ln.ll, 1852, ISa3. nnd the other the amimnt of duties
collected upon the good , imported into the Baltic, or
exported from tlmt sen during the same venr.
In placing these document* at the disposal of the I
Cabinets, the Banish Cnvernmc-it venture- to r\- j
press a hope that they will he treated with nil the |
discretion which the delicate nature of th-affair iu I
question demand*.
Mr. Marey, oil the 3rd of November, sent the Pres- |
ident’s reply to this circular to Mr. Brhuger. He j
waives the question of right, that hav mg be; •; previ I
ously dibcusscd, and adds:
Without at all questioning the fair intention of
Denmark in proposing this measure, tin* President
feels constrained by a sense of duty to decline the
acceptance of this invitation. The convention is to j
assume as th.* basis <>. y riadit j
on the part of Denmark which the United States do- ;
ny. It is assembled without any power to pas.- upon
the right of Denmark to levy a contribution upon j
foreign commerce, but only authorized to adjust the I
share to be paid by each nation in lieu oi ti c eollec- ;
tions therefore assessed upon their vessels and cur- 1
goes. The United Stales, however, contest their lit*.- i
bilitv to pay any contribution whatever. The main
question at issue between this Government and that j
of Denmark is, not how much burthen shall be borne I
by our commerce to the Baltic, but whether it shall j
be subjected to any burthen at nil. The tribunal, it I
will be perceived, by the restriction upon its jurisdie- *
diction, is expressly precluded from deliberating and ,
deciding upon the only serious question at issue be- J
tween the United State s and Denmark.
This is not, however, the only difficulty which pro- j
vents the President from consenting to be represent- j
ed in the convention. In claiming an exemption of '
our ships and their cargoes from taxation by Don- i
mark at the straits of tin* Baltic, theProsident b vin- J
dicat ing a great national principle, of extensive and !
various application. If yielded in one instance, it !
will be difficult to maintain it in others. If exactions
upon our trade at the entrance into the Baltic were
acquiesced in by the United States, similar exaction
might on the same principle bo demanded at the
Straits ofGibraltar and Messina, at the Dardanelles,
*»nd on nil great navigable rivers, whose upper
brandies and tributaries arc occupied by different in
dependent powers.
The President cannot admit the competency of
such a trib’-nal as that proposed by Denmark—as he
would do if this Government were represented there
in—to deal with a principle of such vast importance
t > the whole commercial world.
There is another ground of objection to joining iu
the proposed convention quite as coutn .mug u> cither
of the foregoing. The government of the United
States will never consent to the pretension that the
New World is to be appropriate:! to adjust the po
litical bodauce of the Old. It is clearly stated in the
? reposition which Denmark has submitted to the
’nited States, that the convention is to ac. upon the
question relative to the Sound Dues in connexion
with the system of the European balance of power.
It. is more than intimated that the former is to be su
bordinated to the latter. Os the utility or wisdom of
the political theory of the balance of p«»v er in its ap
plication to the European family of nations, it is not
proposed to express an opinion, but enough of its
operations has been s. • n to impress upon inis Go
vernment a _ fixed determinaiiuii to avoid being
brought within its vortex. It has loner been the che
rished policy of this Government to avoid such a dan
gerous complicity, and the President will not yield in
any case to the slightest relaxation of it.
The following quotation from the Danish docu
ment submitting the proposition to this Government,
will show the intended connexion! and commixture
of the two subjects :
“ Besides tins condition, there is still another which
the Danish Government considers essential, namely,
that the affair in question (the Sound dues; be not
considered aa one of commerce, or money, but as a
political one. Tide would bo in accordance with the
iiistory of the Sound dues, and with the part which
in tap politics of the North of
Europe. Otherwise, the negotiation would be de
prived of that scope ami character which arc requi
site to prevent its being fettered by questions of a
secondary nature, widen may be pertinent to an ar- |
rangemeut merely commercial and fiscal, but n* t to ]
one destined to serve as a compliment to treaties of
peace and compromise- by which the system of the
political balance has been adjusted.”
In passing upon the political question presented by
this extract, tins government cannot be induced to
take any part; nor will it submit ?o have its interna
tional right* restricted or minified in subservience to
the political theory with which the question as to the
Sound dues is intermixed in the Danish proposition.
In the paper submitted by Denmark to the consid
eration of this government there L~ an allusion to
“the Fa , wifi''es” she has made for facilitating the nav
igation of foreign vessels through the Baltic straits.
Any expenditure she has made for the safety and fa
cility of this navigation may constitute an equitable
claim upon foreign power- for remuneration to the !
extent they have participated in this advantage.— !
Tbe collections hitherto made Lave been much more
than compensated for these outlays.
While the United States would cot consent to pur
chase a right which they consider indubitable—the
bee use of the Baltic Sound—they would not hesi
tate to share liberally in compensating Denmark for
any fair claim for expanses she may incur in improv
ing and rendering safe the navigation of the Sound.
There i*> undoubtedly a necessity to keep up at a con
siderable expense light houses, bouys, dec., for tbe
security of ibis navigation. For such expenses in
future,’ disconnected from a claim for surrendering
a pretended right to control the navigation of the
.Sound aud Belts, the United State* are willing to en
ter into an arrangement with Denmark, and to pay
a fair equivalent for an v advantages to the commerce
which may be derived from these outlays.
Yon are, therefore, instructed to invite Denmark
to submit a proposition on this subject, and to assure
her that it will receive due consideration from your
Government; but she must not expect that it will be
favorably entertained if it should include, either ex
pressly dr impliedly, anv compensation for the sur
render of her pretended right to control ffj* fres use
by our ships of the Sound and the Belts of tuo bu.*
f tie.
I am, eir, respectfully, your obed’t eerv't,
W. L. Marct.
To Henry Bedinger, Esq., &c., Sco.
The above letter cloaes the correspondence.
Breailful Railroad Accident.
The fact of a collision between a freight and pas
seiiger train on the Pennsylvania Railroad having
taken place on the evening of the 31st, near Darling
ton, Pa., Professor S. B. Williair.e, of Louisville, Ky.,
who was passenger on the train, gives the following
account of the collision:
On Monday evening, the 31st ult.. as the East Ex
press Train from Pittsburgh to Cincinnati, was turn
ing a curve near Darlington, l’a., afrightful collision
took place between this aud tho freight train going
East. The collision was so sudden that no time was
allowed to apply the “brakes." The huge locomo
tives rushed upon each other as in deadly conflict,
cml having spent their giant power in one onset,
sank together upon the track a complete mass of
ruins. The freight train received comparatively
little injury—not so the other. The baggage ear
pussedjentirely through tlx* first passenger car—the
! ittom of the former passing just above the floor of
tlx* latter, sweeping,in tlx* twinkling of an eye, eve
ry scat from its place, nnd crowding passengers,
b.i rgage. stoves and broken pieces of timber in n
space not lage enough for one car.
The concussion was felt fora few seconds, and all
w.a st ill except fierce hissing of the escaping steam.
Almost instantly the shrieks of dying men were hoard
fir above the noise of the crushed engines Three or
four men lay off to one side, in the snow—some with
broken arms, others with shattered legs and bruised
bodies, crying in piercing tones of agony for help.
Just above the front end of the second passenger
car, where a great mass of fragments had been wnsh
< l up, three men were seen, two of them held up
their legs, thre third showing out of tho mass of
ruins but his head and hand, ('rushed, and Mark con
gestive blood. Poor-fellow, death gave him no time
for agony.
Near to those, but on the other side of the cars,
stood a brave man—Matthew Kolt—one leg broken,
and ids right arm held firmly beneath the heavy tim
bers ol’ the bottom of the baggage car, resting up
on tho front of the second passenger car. He ut
tor* 1 no complaint, though his leg was broken, and
hi* arm literally ground to pieces; nearly an hour
elapsed before lx* could be released, yet he showed
no impatience and let no groan escape his lips. The
other two men were almost equally brave, enduring
ih.-ir long confinement with remarkable fortitude.
i'he officers of the train, assisted by some of the
passengers, exerted almost superhuman efforts to
o.vtrieutetiio wounded, and to place them in the un
broken cars ; but.-o firmly were the ruins pressed
togetlx r. that it was probably not less than an hour
before all were taken out. The cries of the wounded
for physicians, for water, for wanntli, and for wives
an l sisters, were sufficient to rend tho stoutest
heart.
One poor man, whose throat had been cut either by
a plintcr or by broken glass, who laid upon the floor
* Oh, car, and* afterwards propped upon two or three
; < at.*, but his sufferings din not last long—he breath
«*d through the cut in his throat for an hour or bo, and
then lav still in death. From papers in his pcssc-s
--ion, his i. one was found to be “Samuel Johnston,"
New Middleton, Ohio.
Tlx* killed are A. Stokes, agent of the Now Castle
and Eric Stage Company; David Wait, of Canton,
Ohio: Suimxj Johnston, New Middleton, Ohio, and
a yi ting Irishman, name unknown.
The wounded an* Brown Sutton, train boy,
residence in Alleghany city’. One of his shoulders
was put out. of place, and lie was severely bruised.
Daniel Oarty, n laborer, residence in Cincinnati.
One arm broken, side und leg badly injured.
John Ciiiuehficld, of New Bedford, Pa. Severe
ly hurt on hand, arm and leg.
Thus. llx vs, Alleghany city. Face, head and leg
badly hint.*
Matthew Robb, of Union Trumbull co., O. One
arm and one leg broken.
John Ycach, ofllubbert, Trumbull co., O. Has a
bad cut hi the head, and his legs are badly bruised.
llenrx Mansfield, of St. Louis, had both legs bro
ken. /
William Waters, (no residence given,) one leg bro-
Jolni MeG’mlev, of Cincinatti, head cut. and aim
bruised.
Robert Moore, of Logan co., Ohio—both bins out
of place.
J. Painter, of Canton, Ohio—leg broken and body
brullv b: ui: ed.
J rim Yeutinnn, Postmaster at Hartford, Trumbull
co., Ohio—rigid leg broken and head bruised severe-
Hugh Moore, of Youngstown, Ohio—l«*g broken
and hudl v bruised.
Geo. . Lee, Alcgh.anv citv. Both leg? broken
mill br.ck bruised.
\V. H. Tyler, of New Bedford, Pa. One leg and
arm broken.
Ij. S. W av, an aged gentleman from Grant Go..
Wisconsin. Post office address, Carlotte. One leg
broken and the hip out of place.
Two others were slightly injured.
The accident occurred from the wntcli of the
freight train conductor being 53 minutes out of time.
( km hat. American Affairs.—A Washington
despatch to the New York Times says :
Tin President to-day sent to the Senate the ratifi
cation of Minister Whc* l**r’s treaty with Nicaragua,
negotiated anterior to Walker’s advent. It stipu
lates for the recognition of Nicaragua to the extent
of all her claimed territory, including Mosquito, and
regardless of the British protectorate. It also stipu
lates for t he protection and fostering of American cit
izens’ capital and enterprise in Nicaragua, covering
of e<mrse, any railroad or canal which may be pro
jected. I! was referred to the committee on Foreign
.Relations.
Col. French is still here. If he does not leave the
country by the steamer of the Dth instant, you may
expect that t lie Government will withdraw all diplo
matic courtesy from him.
Should the United States Marshak be molested by
Walker and San Juan, as French threatens, our
Government will have ample grounds for driving
him out of the country.
It stated that England has sent full powers to
Mr. Crumpton to negotiate a treaty abandoning her
pretensions in Central America, if lie is permitted to
iv;nuin here. I seriously doubt the story, but if it is
triii*, it is merely a proposition to com pound a felony,
and our Government will not entertain it.
It is expected here that Great Britain will propose
to submit the Central American Question to arbi
tration, which is not likely to be agreed to by us.
< specially as at present there is no great European
Power that we could trust except Russia.
Mistake of a Night.—The following ludierni §
incident occurred recently on board the night-tram
from New York. Two married couple took their
seats in the ears at New York, bound for Boston, in
close proximity, uml about 8 o’clock they both in
dulged in balmly slumbers, the heads of their wives
resting upon their husband’s shoulders. When the
cars reached Worcester, the gentleman stepped out,
and the ladies, apparently exhausted slept on. The
deluv was brief, aud on entering the cars, the hus
bands, whose eyes were scarcely opened, exchanged
scats, andfin a iew moments resumed their natural
positions, and were iu the land of dreams. At Fram
ingham the cars shipped again, when one of the la
dies asked:—
“W ill you have time to get me a drink of water
here ?”
The affrighted gentleman not recognizing the mu
sic of his wife’s voice, exclaimed :
'Bv heavens, have I made a mistake f This isn’t
Tillv !”
“No,” exclaimed the lady, “and yon ain’t my hus
band ?”
“Perhaps we hod better change seats, exclaim
ed the husband in the seat immediately in the
rear, who had awoke, “for there’s a slight mistake
here.”
The second lady, too much fatigued, did not
awake, and as the tdmpor&ry husband endeavored
t > shift iiis burthen so as to move, she merely ejacu
la.tr I impatiently—“Do keep still.”
Thf. Election on Monday.—The American Par
ty oi Fulton elected their ticket on Monday, not
withstanding the frauds that were resorted to by the
opposition. The American tickets were gotten up
in fancy style, printed in red, and headed “Ameri
can Ticket.” The opposition got up one as near a
/ ir. p/mHr as it could be made, printed in red and
headed “ American Ticket.” We have often seen
frau is of this kind attempted, but must yield the
palm t<i this for being the boldest outrage* o’s the soil
wo ever knew. It did not succeed in defeating us,
but it did succeed to a great* r extent, we are in
clined to think, than such tricks usually do. We an
nounce with pleasure, however, that the perpetrator
of this stupendous fraud is defeated, and many of
hi ; friends have laid it up in remembrance against
him. Many of his political friends even are disgust
ed, and some who supported the only Anti-American
candidate through sympathy, would hardly do such
n thing again. —Atlanta fiUelligencer.
Kui’.uehy a i> Arrest.— On Monday last u silver
watch and a number of medical books, together with
a small sum of money, belonging to severul medical
.Hudents, were missed from their rooms at Mrs.
Evan’s, 190 King street. The watch was found
yesterday at the auction rooms of Mr. Jacobs, King
-*reet, and the books at Mr. O’Mara’s book-store,
Queen street, where they had been lodged by the
thief. The money has not yet been found.
Suspicion attached to a Mr. Bartlett, who says he
is from New Oilcans, and who was boarding in the
same house. He was identified by Mr. O Mara as
the man who sold him the books ; after he was de
tected, lie confessed the theft, and was lodged in the
Guard Hou.se, and will have a hearing before the
Mayor this morning.— Char. Mercury.
Look Out for Him.—At the request of Claremont
Lodge, A. F. M., we give the following description
of no* riain personage who is travelling through the
country, and pi. ing himself off as a Mason mdis
tress. lie called himself, while here, Dr. Keguno
Yoltuinc. and is a Frenchman by birth, 5 feet *2 or 3
inches high, weighs about 150 or 160 pounds, has a
a.*{,r on the left side of his face extending from the
bottom of his none to the cheek bone, wears grey
whi.dters and is about 50 or 60 years of age. He is
said to be an imposter by those who had the oppor
tunity of testing him and is so represented by others
wi.o claim to know something of him. He left here
on the 21 st Dec. last, en route for New Orleans. All
Masons are nut on their guard against him.— Sump
ter (»>'. C.) fValckman.
Something Curious.—The Beardstown Illinoisan
says : V\ i..le visiting a friend on the Sangamon
Bottom, in this county, a thort time since, we
were called to examine a specimen of stone,
which he had lately taken from a neighboring quar
ry. The curiosity consisted of two solid sand stone
rock. . which were found joining each other in a
c ; *ntextural form, which when separated, the face
of o: e presented the appearance of having been
n pnit of the side of a vessel near the gun wale.
Tic .e seem* to have been an over lapping of the
timbers in the form of a cornice ol moulding
around the vessel.
i wc:k of art is as piain to be seen on the
stone as on the floating vessel; the holes formed
by the nails are* very distinct, as well as the fosi
lized texture of the wood; there are also pieces of 1
iron with the specimen, which seemed to have
been used instead of caulking between the strips of
plank.
The way a man refers problem, great or small, to
himself and his own convenience, for a solution, is
often amusing. One of this sort of people had en
sconsced himself in a seat in a railway car. next to
the stove, where for hours be sat toasting his feet,
and basking in the genial heat of a fire scarcely
large enough for the comfort of the passengers who
occupied seats remote from the anthracite. By and
by up comes a gentleman with a lady, and says, in
the blandest manner :
“Would* 1 you like to exchange seats wijb this
lady ? ’
“No, thank e,’’ said the old fellow, with an awk
ward bow, “no, thank e—l’m bleeged to you—but
1 like this seat amazin’ well.”
Accident on the Greenville Railroad.—Yes
teniav, a few miles above Ninety Six, while running
at fnll time, the mail car, baggage car, and the for
ward trucks of the passenger car were thrown sud
denly from the road-—it is supposed, from the spread
ing of the roils. The engine, fortunately, remained
otj the track, nod became separated from tbe train,
which prevented more serious consequences. A
young man received soma slight injury, aud a bay of
Mr. Win. McGuinnis , named William, a brakemau,
jumped from the platform, and broke his leg. lie
received timely assistance from Dr. Blake, of Ninety-
Six, and has been since brought home. The fracture
being a simple one, he is likely to get on very fa
vorably.— Carohnian, 9th to#/.
VOL. LXX.—NEW SERIES VOL. XX. NO. 3.
>u.sw >ior.u—,.ritifculn*.
i Friday night “it came on to snow,” and continued
al day Saturday and ’till some time in tho night of
that day of which the writer of this knows nothing.
Su.iduy morning there lay upon the ground the most
bc-iutuu! aud deep covering of snow seen in this lo
cality for many years. Tne “oldest inhabitant” be
canx* at ouce liigii uuthomy, and bracing himself
erect and tappiug hw forehead with his forefinger
immediately obliged his uttentivo hearers by telling
them what rclahoii the prescut suow bore in point
i (*f duration nnd depth, to remarkable snows that had
occurred within txs iecolleetion. As well aH wo
could understand him, it i» the greatest known hero
for a long time—at one time he thought since IS jfi,
another 163 D, uiul again tlx*, greatest he believed ho
ever saw.
\N •• are pei foctiv satistu-d with the clearness and
dtfi it *uts«of the remembernncea of tliis voue rail
g* niicman, a»;a we sy.i.patiiise with him most ueui- j
lily in iiis enthusiastic admiration of the snow of j
Saturday. It is a great and grand snow—it is as j
white as “driven snow”—featiiery light—and pro- j
soundly deep and broad-i,—in short, it Ih wortiiy of)
the “best days ot the Republic.” it is r. God-sand !
of a snow to the old gentleman, ami it is a heavenly
blessing to the children—them* ever bright creatures
which are like earthly’ unge’s cheering life und
making the days meiry w ith their laughter. (It is
for the want of them timt old bachelors become
selfish misanthropes and cynics.) They were trans
ported with delight. No mortal ever experienced a
more extenftive earthly joy than that vouchsafed to
little Uharlie when he hoisted the window a “little
bit,” drew in hiw tiuy damll’iilof snow and t«H>k the
first mouthful of il! Then the sleighing nnd snow
balling. Boys’ sleighs were at ouce in high fashion,
monopolized the pavement. “Dan Tucker,” “lied
Rover,” “Shanghue,” etc., were rushing along the
descending walks with a speed thut cleared tlie
truck. The labor of drawing back the sleigh was
one of love when the delight of the downward voy
age was at hand!
The boys of a larger growth sought a w ider field
and a more efficient kmd of locomotion. Sleighs
with horses and bolls alone sufficed for tlieni. Owing
to the ungel-likc visits of our snow-storms —ko few
and far between—thoic* is no stock in trade* in sleighs
here. It is only here and tin re that one Is found in
a hay -loft, or stable, or coal yard, which has lain by
a half dozen yea’s unused. Therefore, when a snow
does in reality come, the demand l’nr sleighs greatly
exceeds tlx* supply. Then, too, so soon dot s the*
snow melt, thut there is no time to lmumfucturc
vehicles that have any pretension to neatness or
ornament. So tlmt our’streets are pooh enlivened
by a set of the moßt grotesque contrivances for the
occasion. You hear the bells, rush to the window,
and there you set two or lour persons seated in ?«
div-goods box, that is fusteimd to runners, drawn by
hoiscrt, ornamented with the rarest harness and most
curious contraptions; anon cotncs by, ns like ns uot,
u doilies basket fixed up in like manner, with its
merry riders, much happier than old FalsiuH’ wheu
he lock his journey to the Thames ia the buck-ban
ket; but like him, possibly to be tumbled into a
flood—a flood caused by tlx* melting snow which
may bring their runners to g.*mmd before they get
home! Hie motto of the hay-maker is “make hay
while the sun shim s,” but our grotesque slcighc-rs re
verse it, and use their best exertions to snap u little
fun ere the sun comes out.
This extraordinary show which occasioned pro
portionate wonder aud gratification, very rapidly
dissolved yesterday, and will no doubt soon be gone.
A\ lieu we consider the poor, and the. discomforts
which a snow brings for them, while ii brings joy to
others, it is all the better here that it soon dissolves
and disappears.— Riehmond Dispatch <f Monday.
The Seminoi.es.— Great indignation is manifested
by the people of Florida, on account of the recent
murders committed by the Indians, and n firm deter
mination to have the savages either removed or ex
terminated. A public meeting was held at Tampa
on Sunday, the 23d ult., and the following rcsolu
tior.s adopted :
Resolved , That it is the sense of this meeting, that
the Indians are now inn settled state of hostility, and
that the exposed state cf tlx* frontier requires imme
diate protection, and that we respectfully call upon
the General Gov*, rnnieid and Governor of the
State, to furnish the necessary protection to the eiti
zeus, nix’ take immediate steps for the speed}' and
forcible removal <•!’those savages, and, it nee* ss ny,
to wage a war of extemiinaifon against them.
Resolved, That we earnestly request the people of
every county in tlx* State to hold public meetings,
and petition the autle rities of the General and State
Governments to adopt immediately, such means as
may be necessary to remove the Yemuiuder of tlx*
Sciniuoles to the West without delay.
Resolved, That wo recommend that the people
of this State, submit to mi truce or coin promise with
these Indians, until the last one is ejected from our
territory.
Resolved , Tlial wo recommend to tlx* citizens of
this county, to organiz* two or more companies of
Volunteers and tender them to the proper authori
ties, to be used for the protection of the frontier and
the prosecution of the war.
Reporting a Speech Be* oh kha nd.*—Of Sheiks
extraordinary power of verbal memory, and his
mode of preparing all his speeches, we g*-l the fol
lowing picture i’i his life, by McCullough, which has
just appeared. In the O’Connell case, in 1843, he
recited his speech to the London reporters before
hand :
“Great was their disappointment at being told
that, though he had the speech in his head, nothing
but a few memoranda existed on paper. Fargreuter
was their surprise when lit* undertook to speak it
for them bv anticipation. With his hands wrapped
iu flannel, lie kept moving slowly up and down tin*
room, repeating with great rapidity, and occasionally
with his wonted vehemence of intonation, passage
after passage, and paragraph after paragraph ; then
wearied with the strange niul irksome effort, he
would lay himself down upon a sofa, and after a
short pause recommence his expostulations with the
.jury, Ins ullusmim to the bench, and his sarcastic
apostrophes to the counsel for the Crown. On he
went, with but brief interrupt ions, and few pauses to
correct or alter, until the whole was finished and had
been accurately noted down. Written out with
eare, it was sent to the printer, and at tin* moment
when he rose to speak in court printed copies were
in the hands of those who lmd faithful!v rendered his
ideas previously. As lie proceeded, they were thus
enabled to mark easily and rapidly any slight vnria
tions of phraseology but these for tlio most pars,
were so tew and trivial us to cause little delay in the
correction of the proofs.”
Anecdote of the New Chap lain.— The Rev.
Henry Clay Dean, the present chaplain to the United
States Senate, was some years ago a resident of
"Northwestern Virginia. While preaching one day
at a church situated a few miles from Fairmount, he
was annoyed by the inattention of his congregation
as manifested in turning their heads to see every
body who came in. “Brethren, said he, “it is verv
difficult to preach when thus interrupted. Now, do
you listen to me and I will tell you the name of
every man ns he enters the church.” Os course this
remark attracted universal attention. Presently
some one entered: “Brother William Satterfield'.'’
called out the preacher, while that “brother” was
astonished beyond measure, and endeavored in
vain to guess what the matter. Another person
<*ame iu~“l»rother Joseph Miller!” bawled the
preacher with a like result; and so perhaps in other
cases. After a while the congregation were amazed
at hearing the preacher call out in a loud voice: “A
little old man with a blue coat and a white hat on
Don t know who he is! You may look for your*
selves.” —Fairmonnt Vin/inian.
Philadelphia Water Works.— The quantity
of water pumped by the Kairmount Works for the
supply oft he city during 1855, was 2,782,735.850
gallons; or a daily average of 7,Cl 1.756 gallons. The
Schuylkil Worksga\«* 1,525,987,725 gallons; or a
daily average of 4,178,090. The Delaware Works
gave 567,80-1,000; or a daily average of Foot, J 77.
l'he total amount pumped by the three Works is
5,876,7)28,635 gallons; or a dailv average of 13,31k
-323 gallons.
It is stated that in 1828 there were but three miles
of railway in the United States, in 1829 it increased
to 28 miles, in 1830 to 11 miles, in 1810 to 2,107
miles, and now in 1856 it reaches 23,242 miles. We
have, in addition probably 2,000 miles of double
track, making in all more than 25,000 miles of iron
way, or a length more than sufficient to encircle the
globe at the equator. Within t< n years the h ngth
has been quadrupled, and since 1800 alone, trebled.
There are now at least 0000 miles in process of con
struction that will be in use before the end of the
year 1857. Valuing the completed rail roads at $30,-
000 per mile, the emjital now invested in this inter
est amounts to $6!*7,260,000.
She Knew What sue was Aboi t. —A Chinese
widow being found fanning the tomb of her deceas
ed husband, and being asked the cause of so singu
lar a mode of showing her grief, accounted for it by
saying that he had made her promise not to marry
again while the mortar on his tomb remained damp,
and as it dried but slowly, she saw no harm in aiding
the operation.
Funeral Services in Portsmouth, Vn.—On
Sunday lust the members of Old Dominion Lodge,
No. 5,1. O. O. F., and the Wildie Encampment, No.
3, Portsmouth, assisted by Washington, Lafayette
and Harmony Lodges, and Jerusalem and iyjcial
Encampments, of thin city, paid the last sad tribute
of respect to the twenty-seven members of Old Do
minion Lodge who feii victims to the late epidemic,
by a public procession and funeral address.
Dr. Stone, the distinguished Surgeon of New Or
leans, speaking of the pathology of yellow fever,
says it is a disease which literally has no anatomical
character—it is a blood poison. In yellow fever
proper, there are no traces left to account for symp
toms of death.
Serious Acciden r. — We arc sorry to learn that
our fellow-citizen, Mr. David Walker’ while passing
along the street yesterday, was tripped tip by the
telegraphic wire* which lias been down for two or
three days pant, fell and broke his jaw-bone. Medi
cal aid was immediately rendered, but we have not
heard the opinion of the faculty.— Columaia {S. C.)
Times.
The River Swamp Rice Plantations on the Savan
nah, belonging to the estate of th» Hou. J). E. Huger,
together with 140 negroes, was sold yesterday by
Capern and Heywurd at auction for SIBB,OOO.
The Plantation on the Wateree, belonging to the
same estate, and well known ns the “Good Will
Place,” was also sold, with 70 negroes, by Capers &c
Heyward, for $ >O,OOO.
We learn that an entire gang of fifty-two negroes,
accustomed to the culture of cotton uud provisions,
were sold a few days since at privaU- sale, by Alonzo
J. White, Broker and Auctioneer, at an average of
$Ol5 round.— Char. Courier.
Railroad Accident.— Friday night last the en
gine to the passenger train on the Wilmington and
Manchester Railroad, became detached and ran a
mile or two ahead, w hen near Wilmington, N. C.—
The engineer discovering ti e mishap, returned very
rapidly, coming in collision with the train, mortally
injuring Chos. Baldwin, the conductor, and badly
injuring E. L. Sherwood, moil agent. None of the
passengers were hurt.
Our Late Rain Reduced to Figures. —We
learn from Dr. Posey, one of our ino t accurate me
tereological observers, that from the 23d of Decem
ber to the sth of January, comprehending our late
rainy seosju, there fell 6.936 inches of rain, of this
period there were two days that no rain fell at all.—
Savannah Georgian.
Wind Flouring Mills for the Prairies.— The
Peoria Transcript is informed that the Rochester
(N. Y.) Mi 11-Erecting Company intend to place in
operation fifty mills on the Western prairies during
the year 1806, the motive power of which is to be
wind alone. The Transcript adds : “We hear a
company is to beorganizedm Peoriafor the imme
diate establishment of one of these windmills. We
understand that the cost of h mill in operation, with
two run of four feet stones, is only $5,000.*’
The rapid strides that the city of Chicago is ta
king cannot be better illustrated than by a glance
at the exports from there, via the Lake during the
&ast. year. The quantity of flour exported was 97,%
[)4 bands, of wheat 6,236,176 bushels, and of com
7,537,500 bushels. In flour there was a rather heavi
er export in one previous year, 1850. but in the other
articles the operations of the past season largely ex.
eeed any previous year, the amount of w heat being
nearly three times as much as in any previous sea
son since Chicago became a city.
Hull, Hunt A: C'o., at Louisville, Kv., commenced
killing bogs on Saturday morning, au<s by 6 o'clock
in the evening they had slaughtered three thousand
heed —a feat that has never before been accom
plished there or elsewhere.
I'bcrnUiOOßi
Wr make another extract from the celebrated
Book of John Pikenix:
(letters to the new Collector.
NO. i.
“My Dear Friends :—I presume you will be per
fectly surrounded this morning, as usual, bv a crowd
; of heartless otlice-seekern. I therefore take this
method of addressing you. 1 thunk God I want no
office for myself or others. You have known me for
1 years, and have never know n me to uo u mean or
: dishonorable action. 1 saw W up at Stock
; ton the other day, and lie is very auxious that I
j should be appointed Inspector of Steumbouta. Uo
| said that I needed it, ana deserved it, nud that Lo
hoped you would give it to me; but 1 told him I was
! no office-seeker— l should never a«k vou for any of
■ fice. Hi said he would write to you about it Please
j write to me as soon ns you receive this, care of Par*
rv & Batten.
! “ Your affectionate friend.
i P. S—Mv friend John Smith, who you know is
j a true Pierce & King man. is anxious to get the ap
pointment of Weigher and (lunger of Maecaroiti.—
tit is an excellent follow, and u true friend of yours.
I hope, whether vou can spare an Inspectorship f«r
mo ornot, you will give Smith a chance.
no. it.
“ Mi/ Dear Sir: —Allow mo to congratulate you
on your success in obtaining your wiane*. I have
called twice to see yon, but have not been able to
find you iu. You were kind enough tiy assure mo,
before leaving for Washington, that I might depend
upon your friendship. 1 think it very improbable
that 1 shall be re-nominated. The water-front Ex
tension project Sms not been received with that favor
that I expected, and what with Roman and the
Whigs and th it d d Herald, l feed very doubtful.
You will oblige me by returning in your possession,
until after the Convention, the office ot to
tiie Custom House. I must look about me to com
mand the means of subsistence. I will see you
again on this subject. Very truly yours.
“P. B.—My young friend, Mr. John Brown,
wishes to lie made Inspector of Vermicelli. lie is u
pure l>einot rut dyed i:i the wool, nud 1 trust in
making your appointments you will net overlook
his claims. Brown tells me he cornu dels hin self
almost u relative es y< tin. His aunt used to go to
school with your father. She frequently writes to
him, and always speaks of you with great esteem.
no. lit.
•‘Mon Amic:— lav. been ver aiaUule since th.nl l
hav arrive, 1 v« r muehe thin k yo i for vi-u cDi’itH
on la \ apor which we come ici. junto-. The peopks
1 ere do say to l. o, you si piled give to me the Intel
offices in your customs h«>i:>c. I wish if ei usted
gust an you me shall make to b.- Inspectors de cigar
ritos. Je 1* entends limy bien. (one to me see.
C'ouhtes dc
“Mistei Jose Jones he so) wish to bi entreeelerky.
You mucho me oblige by melre Lira do it.
No. IV.
“The following was evidently di. fated by somo
beligeient old Democrat to nn amanuensis, who nn
peuirt not to have got )JV« ciscly the ideas intended;
“Mill:—I have been a democrat of the Jackson
School thunk God for twenty veins. If you * i had
been erected to an orifice by the pusillanimous
sufferings of the people as 1 w.,» ons! l would Issyo
no clai mi but sir v«.m are appointed bv Pieiee for
whom I voted and King wno is deud i:h Julia s si -
ter and I expectorate the office for which my friends
will usk you sir lam u plane limn and wont the
oriticc ot*Prover an 1 taster of Brandy and wish you
v.rite tome at thcNiunlic where I L three days
and have to write by a young gentleman oi t ome to
se«# me before eleven o'clock when 1 ger.end'y get.
sick. Your*.
“P. S. My young man mr. Peter SU kes I requ» *t
may be made inspector of pipes.
NO. A .
“Mr. CoUx te.l H—-—. Debtor
Klixcr Muggins
f«..r< dosen peace h f l‘J.
Recent pauicnt.
“Mustek Coi r.cTKn My husbrn Mikel Muggins
will wish me write you nn inatur lor abuv it you
make himlinsiiccto:* in yuv. usloii house,he always
vote for Jae Ks-m and Scoit and all the Dimoeiats
and he vote for Hugh* and go for extension the was. r
works which I very much, You will much
oblige by call and settcl this one way or other.
Em:*.lK McaoiNs.
“Mike wants Mr. Timothy floheny, who wan
sergeut in Pierces regiment and held Pierces boss
when he rented and throw* d him to he a inspector
too lies very good man. E. M.
no. f i.
‘‘•Sir : —1 have held for the last four years the ap
pointment of Surveyor of Shellfish in the Custom
House, find have done my duty and undeistuud it.
1 have hei n n Whig, but never interfered in poli
tics. and should have voted lor Pierce—it was n v
intention—but friend a by mistake gave me a wr. ng
ballot, and I aeeidently put it in, having been drink
ing a little. Dear sir,*l hope you will not dismiss
me ; no man in thiseit v understands a clam ns I do,
and J shall be very much indebted to you to keep
n.y office for the present though have much finer of
fers but don’t wish at present to accept.
Very res: net fullv.
“I*. B.—My friend Mr. Thomas Styles wii-hcn to
keep I*:r office. Dear Sir lie is Inspector of Rne
ooou Oyst*r> ; hr- is no •;.\cellent gentleman, and
though they mil him a whig, 1 think, dear sir, there
is great doubt. 1 hope you’!! keep us both :it 's very
hard to get good Inspectors wco unde*stand shell
fish.”
Prof. Phienix is the original promulgator and ad
vocate of u new and complete system of English
Grammar, which is destined to knock Murray into
a past tense. We let him explain it himself, premis
ing that the happy suggestion struck him whilst im«
dergoing phrenological manipulation at the hands of
u distinguished Pioihssor of that exact science :
“1 saw at u flush how the English language won
susceptible ol improvemel.t, and, tired with tin: glo
rious idea, I rushed from the room and the house ;
heedless of the Prolessor'H request tliut I would buy
more of his Invigorator; heedless of iiis alarmed cry
that I would pay for the bottle that I’d got; heedless
taut 1 tripped on the last step of tie* Guyuseutus
House, and smashed there tne precious fluid (the
step has now n growth of four indies of hair on it,
amt the people use it as a door-mat ;) I rushed h mic,
and never grew culm till With pen, ink and paper
before me, I commenced the development tu mv
system.
“Tins system—shall 1 say this great system—is
exceedingly simp.e, and easily explained in a few
words, lutlietirst place, “figure* von l lie." Let
us then represent by the number 100, the maximum
the nc pin* ultra of every human quality—grace,
beauty, courage, strenth, wisdom, learning—every
thing. Let perfection , I say, be represented by 109,
and an absolute minimum of all qualities bv thu
number 1. Then by applying the numbers be
tween to the adjectives used in conversation, we
shall be able to arrive nt a very close approximation
to the idea we wish to convey ; in other words, w«.
shall be enabled t speak the truth. Glorious, mn!-
inspiring idea! For instance, the most ordinary
question asked of you is, “How do you do?” To
inis, instead of replying “Pretty well,” “Very Weil,”
“Quite well,” or the like absurdities—aft« r rnnniti"-
, through your mind that perfection of health is 100*
no health at ull I—you s.iy, with a graceful bow,
“Thank you, I’m 52 to-day ; or feelingly poorly,
“I’m 13, I’m obliged to you,” or “I’m 68,’* or “75,”
0r“87J,” ns the case may be ! I)o you Bee how very
close in this way you may approximate to tlia train,
and how clearly your quest loner will understand
what he ho anxiously wishes to arrive at—your exact
state of health.
“Let this system be adopted into our elements of
grammar—our conversation, our literature, and we
become at once an exact, precise, mathematical,
truth-telling people. It will apply to everything but
politics ; there, truth being of no account, the system
is useless. But in literature, how admirable ! Take
an example!
“ Asa 19 young and 76 beautiful lady was 52 gaily
tripping down the sidewalk of our 81 frequented
street,she accidentally come in contact—loo (this
shows that she come in close contact) with a 73 fnt,
but 87 good-humored looking gentleman, who was
93 (i. c. intently) gazing into tl*r window of u toy
simp. Gracefully 56 extricating herself, she received
the excuses ol the 96 embarrassed Falstuff with a 68
bland »mile, and continued on her way. Bat lmrdly
—7—hud she reached the comer of the block, ere she
was overtaken by a 2i young man, 32poorly dres-u d,
but of an 85 expression of countenance ; 91 hastily
touching her 54 beautifully rounded nun he said t*>
her 67 surprise—
“ ‘Madam, at the window of the toyshop yonder,
you dropped this bracelet, which 1 had the ?’l good
fortune to observe, und now have tic; 91 happiness
to hand to you.’ Os course the expr* ssion ‘9l hap
piness’ is merely the young man’s polite hyperbole.
“ Blushing with 70modesty the lovely (76, as be
fore, of course,) lady took the bracelet—which was a
21 magnificent diamond clasp—(24 magnificent,
playfully sarcastic; it was probably not duo of
Tuckers) from the young man’s hand,’and .44 hesi
tatingly drew from her beautifully .*lB embroidered
ttidule a67 port-monuaie. Theyoung man noticed
e action, and 73 proudly draw ing back, added—
“Do not thank me; the pleasure of gazing for an
instant at those 100 eyes (perhaps too exaggerated a
compliment,l has already more than compensated me
for any trouble that 1 might have had.”
“ She thanked him, however, and with a 67 deep
blush and a 48pensive rir, turned from him, and
pursued with a o3slow step her promenade.”
A Great Ship—Two Hundred Yearn Ago.—
In that very interesting and instructive collection,
“ Howell’s Familiar Letters,” we And a description
of n monster ship launched in 1638, and thus de
scribed in a letter from James Howell to Simon Dig
by, Esq., at Moscow, over the date Ist July, 1633:
J have other news to tell you; wo have u bravo
new ship, a royal galloon; the like, they say, did
never spread sail upon salt water, take her true and
well compacted symmetry with all dimensions to
gether. For her burden, she hath ua many tons as
there were years since the Incarnation, wheu she
was built, w trick are 1636; she is in length 127 feet;
her greatest breadth within the planks is 46 fret 6
inches; her depth from the breadth is 19 feet 4 inch
es; she carrieth 46(1 pieces of ordnance, wanting
four whereof she hath three tyre ; half a score men
may stand in her lent horn. Tiie charges his majesty
hath been at in the building of her arc computed to
be £8,090, one whole year’s ship-money. Sir Rob
ert Manse) launched her, and by his .Majesty’s com
mand called her the l Socerc<gn of the Sea." ***
If the common account be true, which refers the
first ship of English build, of a burden equalling 800
tons, to the year 1697, the Sovereign of the Sea was
a great achievement, and the “ship money ’ appro
priated to her irresistibly recalls the patriot Hamp
den.
The Paper Plant in Wiscosin.— Under this
head, says the Boston Post, We nave before us
a description of a plant discovered iu this country
by Mrs. A L. Beaumont, of Arena. She has fur
unshed that paper with a fine sample of cotton,
and also of flax, from the same plant, which she
describes as follows:
“ J discovered two years ago a plant that yields
both Cotton and flux from the sume root, auii be
lieve I am the first person that ever cultivated,
spun, and knit from it. lam persuuded that any
article that will make as good cloth as cun be made
from this plant will make good paper—hence I call
it the paper plant. It can be pbtuted in the spring,
and cut m tne fall or winter, it bleaches iuk.il
white as it stands, and will yield at least throe or
four tons to the acre. From a single root that I trans
planted la-t spring there grew twenty large stalks
with three hundred and five pods, contauing the cot
ion, with at least sixty seeds in each. From this root
I obtained seven ounces of pure cotton and over half
a pound of flax. It is a wv heavy plant, and grow*
from six to seven feet high.
"Jim Strang, the Mormon King. —Strang, the
chief of the Mormons on Beaver Island, is the editor
of a paper, und iu a late number he fib's fourteen
column* with a defence rtf his people from the charge*
brought against them by Michigan papers. We
quote a specimen paragraph to illustrate his'style :
“Yet we walk in conscious security. We laugh
in bitter scorn at these threats. And’ we tell these
editors, marsbul vour mvnnidous and send them
along to make a spoil of beauty and booty, as soon
gb you please. We bid them a’ bloody welcome to
hospitable graves, over which each year we will piia
stones, with u muttered curse against the day of
resurrection of damnation.”
Dead Children in a Railroad Car.—On
Wednesday, after the emigrant tr«jn from the East
ou the Pennsylvania Railroad had changed cars at
Altoona, Pa., the conductor, on looking into a car
which bad been lefr behind, was horrified to find
the dead bodies o/ two children, aged respectively
two an£ sve years. The matter was telegraphed
Vt eat, and h was ascertained that the parents of the
children were poor German emigrants, who loft
them unburied from necessity.