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BY W.M. S. JONES
CmtomCLE *v BEWTINEL.
rm—fi &c.
T II F. W K*. K L V
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AT TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM
if paid suicfly Iji advance.
If' SOT PAW IS AVVASCE,
THREE DOLLARS PER YEAR
TO CM.'It.S m INDIVIDUALS m-nding us T*-u
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SIX COPIES FOB TEN DOLEABS,
or a (> <■*: copy to all who may procure u* Five sub
scriix;rs, and forward u* the money.
THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
DAI I. V AND Till-WEEK I, V,
An- also puli .-■■■ • at ti,.» office, arid mailed to sub
acriber* at t a following rates, namely:
J' r I'AFEH, if rent liv mai1,...17 per annum.
Tki VV . u.» Pa re it 5
Term* of A liver! Ulna*
Tiu. Wkf.klt —Seventy-five cento per square
101 iii' ior for to*- fir-t insertion, and fifty cents
or cad, Mdcs-qnent ins. .Hon,
18561 THE 1856!
S<H THtilt.N C I I/riVATOR,
A MONTHLY JOI KNAL,
|., v .I*; I * EXCLUSIVELY TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF
■ u -kern Ayricukare, Hut limit »re. r Stock Breeding,
J‘t /ary, Hum, (Jenrral f arm Economy, 6fC.
Illustrated -with Nomcroai Elegant Engravings.
ONE DOLLAR A YEAR IN ADVANCE.
DANIEL LEE D ash D REDMOND, EDITOR*.
Th • rurteenth Volume will commence
January, 1856.
I nf Cultivator l- a lar** octavo of thirty
r s-i j.it ft,. } ear. BMutaUn* a
ui nt of mad n| Blnlf than any Agri
• litnrai Journal •»f th<- HutUh—eiutirai ing, In a«Mition to
all tli** t urretjt agrii ulturai t.»j»w:i» <»f the day,
VALUABLE ORIGINAL CONI ItliJl TIONB
yof the m • - • iffent and practical Planters,
Psrnit i and Ilort icultari t«in every section of the Hon tb
and Southwest.
TERMS:
O*. ► I'uvy. I .year {OCOPIKS, 1 yetr #2O
HW CopfM I “ . -1100 ** 1 “ 75
Tut ( :**if Mystl'M will l>. rigidly adhered to, and in
no iiiwianre will the paper he sent mile** the money ac
« .in|#:u.t-s the or-h r The Bills «*f all specie-paying
Bauktrr ivt-t| at par Ail money remitted by mail,
Isoslage pat-1, will be at the risk of the Publishers.
AilvertWinnits
Iruerr. 4at Ov£ Dollar per square of twelve lines,
eat-h insertion ; one s«piare per annum, Tkn DOLLARS.
Addr* i \V >l. N, JO.VKM, Viiwiihiu, (ui,
; ,r Person* who will aet ns Agents, and obtain Hub
- ribers will be furnish- d with the paper at Club prices.
I-Olf SALE"
TOR SALE.
I NOW offer for sale my entire River PLANTATION,
1 ' or :UJ mites -nith of Columbus, Ga,. in Barbour
c ounty, Ala., lying "ti the Chattahoochee river, contain-
iiif iDo.nrt- 12U0 in a fine stale of cultivation and
good repair A good Water Gin and Ferry across the
Chattahoochee river. The above will lie for sale at any
inti old and po • don given. Terms to Riiit pur
MATTHEW AVEKETT.
TO MEN OF TASTE AND CAPITAL.
FI 1 UK • iiwishing to remove to Southwestern
1 propos* to.-'il hi* j>la«*o near CaveSprhig,
ii Y'.iun Valley, I'loyl rourity, (ia, routulning 3J7
a<*r* i, more or P- r«*tl at ijuality oak and hickory
»iin>;tly of soil ami surface net to wash ; hoi no 160 acres
Hoarcii aa<l under £<hkl tillage ; ilm remainder generally
well tiiiihcn-'l It Im-iHcvcr&l springs ofco«»l blue Lime*
Mom* water, iwo constant streams, an effective water
p .ucr without daiain/. orchardsof many well selected
vaiM*tic«. ••spedatly of apples, and a large and comtnodl
iis I• i i**k Dwelling, surrounded by fine scenery, ami
" all in a rnllo of the village, long noted for Its educational
advantag-*. AU who have examined the premises, con
t nr in tin- opinion that this place combines the elemeuts
of beauty, fertility, convenience and lu-althfulneHs to an
extent >cldom, it ever, ei|iialied in this country. But
c •me and -••• t-Tyourselves, and the character, location
and re Ource . i the place can hardly fail to satisfy you
that it is a No. 1 article, not subject to the Huc.tuatious
est he market. For terms, apply on the premises.
W. D COWDREY.
Cave Spring, July 10, 1856. jyl3 wtf
VALUABLE PLANTATION FOR SALE !
OlTl %TKI> in I.ovMid< s county, Ala., on the road
l * leading from llayncvllleto Heuton, fen miles from
the latter place. Said I'miui contains IHBO acres of land,
one half undei giH-d fence*, well ditched, and in a high
fate 1.1 cultivation. The improv einents comprise a good
new dwelling hon •<*. containing four rooms; a large two
story trained fiin llouneand a line Screw, recently put
up; cv. client Staldes, and a good Mdl-house. Theunim
pi oved Land i'well timbered and of superior quality.
lii plantation ha- advantage over any other in the
rieighi. i one half being level with rich black soli,
flic ..ijjierfertile hammock, lving in the fork of Ash and
Panther creeks I'lie pra.ne portion of the farniia ahuo
dantly a iterod by wells, and the sandy by a nmnbor of
unfailing free tone springs, convenient to the negro quAr
ter* hi \m II local* <l, having excellent range for
fork, and tine outlets. Tin* plantation will bo disjoined
of pri\ ai**l y for a di\ i i..|» of an estate.
Any information relating to it can be obtained by ad
dr. .;meat 'l nskcgei , Macon county, Ala. Those
who •> i-li to !<><»k at it will j-ioa-c • all on the Overseer.
THOR P. OAKY, Ex’r
apl.t w.’tin of the estate of VV. L. Ciary, deceased.
MELLSPATENT PLOW STOCK!
FI I IIK undersigned has invented and patented a most
I , . ..able IMPROVEMENT IN THE PLOW
STOCK—the County Kigttfa for which he desires to sell,
lie | ' • fers to let others speak its praise, and therefore 1
introduce-; tin following certificates, froin two Planters,
well and f.ivorab.y Unov n m the community in which
l ’ey i< do lb might introduce many others, hut the
Plow Stock will speak foi itself whenever examined.
JAMES B MELL.
Kiccboro . Liberty connty, <«a.
Tin* - to certify. that I have, with my own hands,
thoroughly tested the newly invented Plow Stock of
.lame* it M«*ll, Esq. In point of simplicity and perfec
tion. I have never seen or used its equal. In it is com
bined e\ cry thing that I could w ish in a Plow Stock, and
it in my opinion, i • the choaprwt and the best that has
e\er be.-a otiered to the public. 1 speak from Imviug
it > lit \v my own hands l was raised to follow the
Plow and think Hint 1 know how one ought to run. I
would tJheerfully tliauk any oue, who will thoroughly
try it, to point out to me one single fault in it. It is
easier upon the horse and plowman than any that i ha\ c
ever list'd.
'l’lh* mim ip'.o upon which you regulate tliv depth of
tin* Plow, is so simple and yet so perfect, as to commend
U.-icll t*> agy <>r;c ; and Iho Stock is adapted to any kiutl
of Plow Hoe. It is, moreover, just as light as any could
do* ire it to be. I would ret-onunend tt» any ami all. if
they w ii tin* best aud cheapest Plow Stock, without
hesitation to get Mr James It Moll's.
PentiHd. (ia April 1.7. 1) W. WILSON.
In c.unpanv with several others, I, this dav, witnessed
111.- trial ..I Mr l.nu. II M.-ll'- I-1..W Slork. by Mr. 11. W.
Wilson, anti cheerfully state that all present were, fully
aktlstled that it doe; every thing as stated above. I
would, HionHiver. stale that l have been using them on
my fern for several months, aud every day serves to
confirm me in the opinion of the superiority of Mr. Moll's
Plow Stock to all others now In use.
Pen i. Id. <la . April 15, 18.76, TttOS. P. JAKES.
FORMAN S IRON PLOW-STOCK.
'I'UK uml •;bavmg purchased the patent H(*ht
I m the above valuable ami popular FLOW for ike
o.iur . .if Richmond, (/oluuibia. Liucolu. Burke, Jeffer*
non, W.i Sorivon ami Fsuamiai, are prepared to
nnii-.li it to plant- rat the manufacturer's prim This
i , i. \i Ii 1; r*» hi ii« entirely of w rough t iron, is a South
ern inv -ntton a id lias been -nifthiontlv tested to prove
tint it runs more moodily, breaks and pulverizes the soil
thoroughly, el«v- le-s iu rough laud, b uiort easily
adjusted ter deep or shallow plowing, holds the shares
more thinly, l.«» in >wup«r;ibly longer, ami is, in the
end. far eh. at er than any ur her'stock now in r.so. This
>nt is milv U'toitud by nuiuerous certificates in
eir po . .leu from the m t p’-mXtcal aud successful
planters Uj the < ouutry. We will have ploure
in seudmg a circular containing some of thsse certificates
and a m i par eular des, ription of the plan, to any
person who w<mfcl like to >ee them. We are willlug to
refer t.» any one who ha- given this Flow a fair trial. In
the N \ N • of the Sou i-.*ru Cultivator, p. 345, tho edi
t..r oi : !iat o. • -a\ 'After giving this Plow a fair
and impartial t. ml \v» can truly sav. that we regard it^a-s
Unpleu»ents*of the k'i.ul m.w hi use. For general efficien
cy and conveuhmee, as well as special adaptation to deep
iilagc or subsidling, we know of nothing that surpasses
t. while mi the seoro of economy ami durability, it is
all ‘tlier no -ival. -1 No plow with which we are fami
iar. i •well calcululcU to resi>t the careless and fies
truetive 4;-ag-* of i’l tntni.on N. groom ami we doubt not
*/. that its general introduction w ould be of very great pecu
niary benefit to the planting iutorest of the South."
ThS Si.-ek i* adapted to six Afferent shares or point*
--eml.r o mg every variety which a planter will ueed
from the beginning to the mid of the year. Those shares
will be f'.mtedHMi with the Stock, when desired ; though
any plantauou smith can make them after once seeing
them
Rights for counties, for Shops, or for Plantations, will
b. -.nd on reasonable teru.s. Applv at tbe Hardware
i A«a .. Id In ■ 1 . Il i i i.n .V 0*
d«H wtf Augusta, Ga.
$lO REWARD *
CjWI.KN fr.-m the >:i . • t»er, on the night of the 4th
> POCKEI B( ■
tabling >no -r »'or $ n money, and two notes; one
f.»rs A ill - . ..• ts i ole by dames M aud William
U W . payable to me. dated \>:h January. 1556, dno
at twelve m u - the other for £l7 si», made by A. E.
P.iiinoily,’vnyablr t.» J A Sane, dated about the tM of
lte.cn.b, r l .' . due one dav afterdate, aud one >u»all note
on tuy . f. which I had ;a .I and torn off the name. 1
w til |»ay the * >*w row aid for the recovery of the pap re,
and ask no quentious. All perrons are hereby canti. lod
not to trade tor aaid notes, and the makers not to pay
th. u. except to urn G S. D ANN ELLY.
February 13, IS>6.
$ 3d~R EWAHD.
I> V\ I\VA\ , from tlie subscriber, residing in Put
k Merrill, in Ange.-t last, my 1 Negro
Man FK ANK Ho • about v*s ywars old. five feet ten in
ches high, of medium sice, has a slight impediment in his
poeeh. and h.v- lost the sight of one eve. lie was raised
in Virginia, and has been in Georgia about two years.
1 he above reward will be paid tor lie delivery to rue,
or to anv jail so that 1 can get him.
i\w ts JOHX A HARRIS
The Southern Recorder will publish till forbid, and for
ward account to this office for pay meat.
*2O HBWARO.
I > AN V\Y A V , from Wax. Johnson, about the 15th of
JLY December, ijoa. a negro man named JOHN—he
souietiuu s calls lun -eh'WESSLF.Y He is about thirtv
fivc years o', t. about fi\ e feet eight or ten inches high, of
a yellow complexion, w ith some of hi., front under tee th
out. and a«uuall scar over one of his eyes. Ido mu roeol
ect which eye. The suN-triber w ill pay the above re
ward for the delivery of -aid boy to me, or bis confine
ment in jail so that 1 in*v g\ t hun.
Louisv iie.Ga.tVt F. W JOHNSON
FUL ON 'HOUSE .
ATLANTA, GEORGIA,
BY A. W REEVES.
4.877,000 TEET OF LUMBER.
fiilUS will certify that the Athena Steam Company
I built for ns a CU\ uiar Saw Mill, on w hich we have
sawed four million eight hundred and seventy-seven th. u
a&ud feci of Lumber board measure, (from the 17th of
j.F.v lts4. to the 17th January. Issc. in eighteen mouths
,-r aiK».a ten thousand five hundred feet per day. But we
really sawed from eleven to twelve thousand feet per
dav for we supposed the Mills has boa standing in the
eight-en months at ie#rt two months for warn of logs and
occasional repairs. Tbe above avvomit is taken from a
book in which wo charge ail the Lumbar as we ship it
fmu» the M/.U. About one halt*tlie Lumber sawed is Rail
Koa i str.npors c by 9 inches, and the balance weather
boards tl'vrmp. hu h boards, and some one and one-half
(l*) arid two (2) inch plauk.
lie rv cement on the bead-bio* ks works fine, and
would advise yob to oae them on ail your Mills.
Yours, respectfully. WAULEV A REFPABD.
n Mile Post, Central R. R., Geo . Feb. Li, l s j6.
The above can be sustained by other certificates,
wli-.eh w,- think not Decenary, since we are bull dine the
►wue C IRCULAR SAW MILLS, (iron frame* ca>t IU
r'**'*''*■’* wi *h improved Head Blocks and Carriage
a l '‘g» tl.er with STEAM ENGINES
MACniNtuv PUMPS t !lA^’ TlNii J *» iag ? Ud
of every dnettptipnWeJil. ~ ro« CasHngs
Repa rng promptly eJLIJSS? ln>n " 1 ,uuthm « iUJiI
not exceUed 4^ r MiU
( umiatKm of years. Pavements and accn-
Oomnan icaUong will receive
drpM«d to RKCHks 1 sm-kfSS»k°®
a A,, u AtLi-o,
\ A*—
JOHN D. BELLLy^
4 TTOUNKY ITI.AIV. Aufwu «»., wiU
JX tice In the Courts of Law and Equity in the coiuutie*
of Richmond, Burke. Jefferson. Striven. Warren
Wtlkea, Office j u Masonic Hall Building. mhs-l>-
' — UXJWj ' V.-t.-her,
T I Sae Jna rev«i\'*d ami for sale br
aplfrw3t POt 1.1.A.1X. JENXIXQB A Cq
l{«« H ** l *'* / 1 *'V—A few bbls thojM old
1 I Bourbon n llliiKLl . just received and for sale by
ap!s w3t POI'LLAIN, JENNINGS 4 CO.
Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel.
Chronicle it Sentinel
0
For iht Chronicle 6f Sentinel.
r THE WORTHLESS CHARM
“ I give them to the winds.
Fit treasury of all thy gifts "
Come not to me with gentle words.
Their magic now Is o'er ;
a Vou cannot rule my altered heart
t As in the days of yore.
Come not to me with luring smiles,
Their power now it vain ;
Yon cannot >-harm my wayward heart
With witchery again.
I lived npon thy lightest glance.
Miue every hope wa* thine—
Yon coldly flung in pride away
That proffer'd love of mine.
Come not to me with gentle word's.
Think on the days of old.
And marvel not my injured heart
Is frozen now and cold.
Have I not borne in silenec long i
Think yon I love thee yet i
Go bear the weight upon my soul,
Y on never can forget
Have I not borne in silence long, .
Your coldness and neglect ?
Have I not bad my heart-strings wrung,
And every feeling wrecked i
Go, breathe into another’* ear.
The vow s of long ago ;
They cannot move my hardened heart.
Their falsehood w ell I know.
Go, press upon another's lip
The kiss J wipe from mine,
Within this hour I break the spell
My spirit caught from thine.
Go, seek another worshipper,
My soul no more is stirred ;
I listen calmly to the tones,
Nor tremble at each word ;
A prison’d bird, let loose from thrall.
All madly spurns its chain;
A» proudly I reject the gift
I ne’er shall wear again.
From the Philadelphia Daily Time*.
futerewiing Letter From Jenny Lind—Her
Sympathy for Hnrniiin.
“ A friend in need, &«•.”
We have been favored with the perusal of a letter
from Jenny Lind Goldschmidt, to a lady in thin city
of which the following is an extract:
“1 had been apprised, previously, by of his dif
ficulty with the Company, i Jerome Clock,) but hud
not the least idea he was deeply involved. Now
that the crash has come, and ruin and poverty stare
him in the face, 1 feel that he has all my sympathies.
Yes, I do most deeply sympathise with him. 1 know
the American people will hardly believe him to be
utterly ruined. This is to be expected, as lie (Bar
iiumj bad the reputation of being a smart, shrewd,
and intelligent man, the truth of which I can myself
bear witness to. Air. ISanmm had other qualities,
of which the American people knew little or nothing
his nature was the very acme of generosity, and
thousands of untold and unheard of generous deeds
will fully atone for any errors of judgment he may
have, and doubtless has committed. You know,
iny dear friend, those gift and charity concerts,
wnich 1 was made to participate iu, not that it did
not meet with my cordial approval, yet, they all
sprang from Mr. Barn urn, which, although he was
shrewd enough to know would return again ten
fold, yet his soul was in the act, nor would he listen
to my remonstrances tiiat, he should share in what
ever credit might have been attached do them. I
know, also that he was continually importuned by
needy people for assistance, and I can most posi
tively assure you as I believe to be the case, that
none ever left him unassisted, who was iu the least
deserving. I think, however, that his genius and
talent courted obscurity. His determined wifi will
soon arouse him to action, and iu a short space of
time he will have surmounted the difficulties
that now surrounded and oppress him, and which
would have paralyzed the energies of an ordinary
man.
“I will not dwell longer upon this subject. It is,
indeed, painful for me to contemplate. I believe a
good man should never fall, nor shall he (Burnurn)
do so, for the want of a friend. His pride will not
permit him to write to me under the circumstances
—mine compels me to write to him. He, nor his,
shall never know want while I have it iu my power
(which, ©wing to the goodness of Heaven, I have
now) to keep it away. But let us hope that things
are not us bad as represented, and that the next
steamer will bring more agreeable tidings.
This is in confidence
Affectionately, your friend,
Jenny Lind.”
Foreign Imports at New York.— Tlie importsof
foreign goods at New York during the name month
of April were larger than for the name month of any
previous year in the history of tlie port, being
more than double the receipts for April of last year.
Fart of tliis increase is in goods intended for ware
housing, but the Imlk is in dutiable goods thrown
directly upon the market. The receipts of free
goods, espeeially teas, have largely increased. The
total imports for the month are $ 1,950,37 0 greater
than for April, 1855; $'.1,473,917 greater than for the .
same month of 1854, and $1,559,124 greater than
for the same period of 1853. We toko from the*
•Journal of Commerce the following comparative
summary :
Foreign Import* at Nnc York in April.
1854 1855 1856
Ent'd for ootmm’tn . ..$11,877,281 $6,343,512 $ 14. .7.'M), 636
Enl'd for w liousiug... 2,516,906 1,422,006 3,181,498
Free goods 2,018,01*1 1,266,898 2,250.537
Specie 70,250 74,949 9.7,168
Total ent. at the port .$16,583,888 $9,107,465 $20,057,835
Withdrawnfinih.se 1,151,991 1,814,318 1.467,576
This leaves the total imports of foreign goods and
merchandise at New York since .January Ist, $27,-
G 21,309 in excess of the total for tlie same time lasl
year, and $8,084,779 in excess of the aggregate for
the same period of 1854. The foreign imports at.
New York since the commencement of the fiscal
year (July Ist) are $30,970,021 greater than for the
same time of tin* previous year; and an* $1,730,450
in excess of the total for the corresponding period of
the celebrated fiscal year 1853-4. The total receipts
»d' dry goods at New York siuce January Ist. are
$10,907,045 greater than for the same time last
\ ear, and s2,s7o,so4Jjgreater than for the same time
in 1851.
The exports from New York to foreign ports dur
ing the month of April have been less in specie, but
larger in domestic produce, than for the same month
in either of the two preceding years. Total, exclu
sive of specie, is 78< ,000 larger* than for April, 185.'),
and $.'>55,805 larger limn tor the same month in
1854. The exports, exclusive of specie, since Janu
ary Ist, are $3,805,140 in excess ot the total for the
first four months of last year, ami $2,530,327 greater
than for the same period of 1854. The exports of
specie show a large decrease, but the total, exclu
sive of specie, is $13,828,128 greater than for the
corresponding ten months of the previous year, and
$3,470,101 greater than for the same period of 1853-
’54. The New York Courier remarks upon the ex
cessive imports :
Tin Custom House returns for the past month ex
hibit continued heavy importations ot foreign dry
goods. Indeed, the financial difficulties of the mar
ket are mainly attributable to this source ; the
amount on the market for the month of April being
$7,906,850, against $3,153,761 for the corresponding
month of 1855, and $5,074,525 for the month of
April, 1854.
It is obvious from these returns that the business
in dry-goods is largely in excess of the quantities
required iu the market for present wants ot tin* city
and country, and this is one of the leading causes
of disturbance in the money market. This is further
demonstrated by the numerous failures iu the dry
goods trade, not less than twenty being reported
this week by our cotemporary, The Independent,
viz; New York eity 2: Philadelphia 2; Hartford,
Conti., 2: Martiushurg, Va., 2; and one each in
Portland, Me.; Providence, K. 1.; Rochester, N. Y.;
Chicopee, Mass ; Virgil, N. Y : Scranton, Pa.; Rich
land, Pa.; New Hone, Pa.; Fond du Lac ; Wiscon
sin ; Wunkesha, M is.; Flemingsburgh, Ky.— Bolt.
Amter.
Prbnattkb Death. —llut fexv men die of ago.
Almost all die of disappointment paHJsioiial. meutal
or bodily toil, or accident. The pasaioua kill men
sometimes even suddenly. The common expression,
choked with passion, has little exaggeration in it ;
for even, though not suddenly fatal, strong passions
shorten life. Strong-bodied men often die young—
weak men live longer than the strong, for the strong
use their strength, and the weak have none to use.
The latter take care of themselves; the former do
not. As it is with the body, so it was with the mind
and temper. The strong are apt to break, or, like
the canale, to run ; the weak to burn out* The infe
rior animals, which live in general regular and tem
perate lives, have generally their prescribed term of
v ears. The horse lives twenty five years : the ox fif
teen iv twenty ;the lion about twenty ; the dog ten
oi twelve; the rabbit eight ; tbe guinea-pig six to sev
en. These numbers ail bear a similar proportion to
the time it takes the animal to grow its full size.—
But man. of all the animals, is the one that seldom
comes up to his average, lie ought to live a hun
dred years, according to this physiological law ; for
five tunes twenty are one hunortd. But, instead
of that, he scarce reaches, on the average, four
times his growing period: the eat six times . the rab
bit even eight times the standard of measurement.
The reason is obvious—man is not only the most
irregular and intemperate, but the most laborious
and hard-worked of all animals. He is also the
most irritable of'all animals ; and there is reason to
believe, though we cannot tell what an animal se
cretly feels, that, more than any other animal, man
cherishes wrath to keep it warm, -.uid consumes
himself with the fire of his own reflections.—Black
trood.
l*t blic Lan*t>s.—Several bills it is said will soon
be reported in Congress from the Committee on
Public I j&mis. which are of grea£ importance. By
these bills it is proposed ‘hat the government shall
grant, for the benefit of certain railroads to be con
structed or now in process of construction, in the
States of lowa, Wisconsin, Michigan. Louisiana,
Florida, aud Alabama, alternate sections of such
public lauds lying on either side of said roads as
have not been already entered, and as shall be com
prised within a distance of six miles. A similar
prop*>sition was made during the last Congress, ami
the tun passed the Senate scarcely with any oppo-
Mtion, but was defeated in tbe House by a single
vote. The amount of land which may thus be de
voted m Florida. Alabama, aud Louisiana, will be
comparatively small, as much on the linc-s of the
proposed roads has been already located, and‘no
provision is to be made for substituting other tracts
m such cases. The same remark applies to lowa,
and to some extent to Michigan. In lowa there
are four roads, some forty to fifty miles apart, com
mencing respectively at Dubuque, Lyons, Daven
port, and Burlington, and running parallel with
each other to the Wisconsin river. Three roads are
already partly built, and settlers have Wated on
them, and will continue to do so up to the time the
Government grant may be perfected, so that the
quantity in lowa will be comparatively decreased.
In Wisconsin a huger amount will be required, as
the road will pass through lauds 'not much located,
though it is uiuicrstiKHi that tlie aggregate will not
exceed two millions of acres. One of these Wis
consin roods is to ruu from Lake Winnebago north
to the State line, aud the other from Wisconsin river
to the river St. Croix and thence to Lake Superior.
Spiritcai. Literature.— Not tlie least curious
among the literary iu-ms of the day is the rapid in
crease of that daie of publications known as “Spir
itual Literature/' This has grown Into an impor
tant branch of tlie bookselling business. It occu
pies the attention of two or three establishments in
this city, and of others in Boston, Philadelphia, and
the Western cities. Spiritual books are regularly
announced, and a spiritual newspaper is published
hero weekly. Meanwhile the “mediums" drive a
britk business, and the intercourse of mortals with
immortals is afforded all needful facilities.
tbe*M«'Mkii “** y “ *“ ve pl»«- withil:
Ita, J**™- for rb« liforauire of ti>e «siool
of J°. y e ®rs of steady increase yet to boast
one in ite way.-
*3A«jo U of “ oittof -'Prf l
% henrfni Adventure.
i The Alissouri Republican, in a letter from a Kan
sas correspondent, lias the following :
“At St. Josephs I saw a Mr. A. T. Gorman, of
New York, who had just come in from the mountains
in such a state of prostration and affliction as could
only have been occasioned by such exposure, hard
*hip and suffering as, perhaps, no other man ever
survived. In company with a Canadian French
man and two Kentuckians, he left the country of
the Blackfect Indians last fall, to join Cu!verson and
party at Fort Pierre, and accompany them to the
States. They arrived at Port Pierre two days after
Culverson’s departure, and hastened on after iu the
hope of overtaking him. On the third day. one of
these snow storms known only in those bleak and
elevated regions, cqsmcd upon them. It came down ,
in solid masses to the depth of lour feet, and was
blown about by drifting winds, levelling uneven
places, penetrating and filling their wagon and
clothes, and obstructing tlieir progress. Evening
was approaching, and they resolved to make one
effort t * reach a more protected place before the
night set in. They urged their horses forward, but
had not proceeded more than a few hundred yards
—Gonnan being mounted on one of the teamsters,
and his companion in the wagon —when suddenly he
felt himself precipitated, he knew not how*, into an
abyss of snow. He was completely covered over,
and could not tell which way to turn. He struggle* 1
on, however, making a slow and tedious way, until
h«* came to the surface—lie supposes a hundred
yards from where he sank. He looked around for
his companions, but neither they nor the wagon
could be seen. The place where they had fallen in
to the chasm was smoothed over, and presented a
plane of snow. He cried aloud for them, but was
only answered by wild and wailing winds.
A feeling of dread and desolation and despair
came over him, and he was about to yield himself to
that death whiaii seemed inevitable. Already had
the cold penetrated his frame ; darkness was cover
ing the skies ; the inereaseing winds whirled the still
falling snow more furiously :he was alone iu a vast,
inhospitable, unknown country, without provisions,
without shelter, without arms or ammunition, and
he was fearful to take a step in any direction, lest he
should again bo buried in some deep abyss. His
manhood was subdued, he wept like a child, the
memories of his happy home, and of his mother,
came* fresh upon him; he kn< w the many anxious
hours, the miserable years that his unknown fate
would cause her; if lie could only send her one word
of affectionate adieu, he could die in peace; but
that could not be, and he must rouse lnmself. He
offered li is first prayer for heavenly aid: he arose
and moved forward through the darkness and the
drifts. He sometimes fell from exhaustion, and felt
inclined to repose : but he knew that one moment’s
pause was fatal, and he struggled on. The n -xt
day he saw some bushes, which gave him hope of
rest and warmth, but when he reached them he
found to his dismay, that the matches in his pocket
were wet and spoiled, and he could not be ignited.
His feet had become so sore and swollen from eou
ftnnt walking as to burst the soles from his shoes,
and lie was compelled to crawland tumble himself
along.
Thus he worked his way sVwly but unceasingly
through the next night und the next day, becoming
more faint each hour, and suffering a thousand
dentlis from hunger, thirst, frosted limb s. sore feet
weariness and drowsiness, when he described a hu
a short way off. Suddenly revived, like a candle
flickering in the socket, he sprang and ran forward
a lew steps and screamed for help, and fell senseless
in the snow-. Borne Indians at the hut saw and heard
him, und went and brought him in, and used all their
restoratives upon him ; but it was several days be
fore lie returned to consciousness, and six long weeks
before lie left his bed. He lost several ofnis toes
and is otherwise permanently injured, but , through
assistance of some generous gentlemen of St. Joseph \
he w ill be enabled to reach his home.
Ilia companions have never been heard of. The ,
place where they perished Air. Gorman ascertained
to be uhout thirty miles from w'here thestcuuier
White Cloud lies ; but the snow was still deep in the '
gulches when he left there.
Letter from Rome.— April 3d, 1856. The (Jot
tlcn Hone. —lt is estimated that there were over 30,-
000 foreign visiters in the city during Holy Week.
The great body ol them let! within a few days af
ter, having distributed during their brief sojourn,
hundreds of thousands of dollars. Mr. Filhnore left
t he day after Luster Sunday with a small party for
Bt. Petersburg, via Florence and Vienna. Miss* Dix
has yielded to an invitation to look into the hospitals
and prisons of Constantinople.
1 lie Golden Rose has been sent to the Kmpress
who recently made his llolliness a godfather; to
gether with the customary baby clothes. Awarding
premiums to the faithful is among the earliest cus
toms of the Church; and as the rose is the old Scrip
ture type of every possible virtue—and St. Chrysos
tem, in his oriental way,calls the apostle a “rose”—
the queen oi Bowers is the medium of the blessings
reserved for sovereigns of the sweetest ‘savor.’—
Thus was the sweet-smelling Henry VIII. endowed
as‘Defender of the Faith,’of which the English
Crown is still proud, notwithstanding the sequel;
ami the most recent beneficiary was, 1 believe, the
savory King of Naples—blessed consideration of
his pious hospitality the Papal exile at Gueta
in 1848.
The amiuble Eugenie may not relish the associa
tion—and who, what mother especially, would
grudge her the fellowship ?—though it may be pre
sumed sh<; will receive the jewel with all the “grace,
laith and strength” it is said to bestow. Witness
the solemnity of tin* consecration ! See the Holy
Father at the Sistiue altar, in full pontificals, sur
rounded by his liveried disciples, anointing the yel
low metal with precious gems, and calling down
converting grace; “O God, whose power made,
govern, and sanctifies all things; oh, Lord, who
art tlie happiness and joy of the faithful, vouchsafe
to bless and sanctify this brilliant ami odoriferous
rose.” Sublime transmutation! Behold now the
“Rose of Sharon!” divine grace breathing through
the musk, and soothing i*i the unctuous balsam, and
-let the “seeds of virtue blossom into beauty ami
holiness!” Is there anything in all tlie volumes on
the “Language of Flowers” how so touching and ex
pressive ! —“Holy Father,” wrote the British Blue
beard, penetrated by the divine appeal, “I kpeel
down ami kiss your feet, and with pure joy receive
this most blessed Rose, consecrated by the sacred
balsam, which, through its inestimable odor, can
preserve my body and soul from all defilement.”—
And how piously lu* exempel’fied the virtue
of the benediction!
Cardinal Vatrizi, the Vicar of the Pope and
the most aristocratic member of the Sacred College,
is to represent His Holiness in the baptism of the
young French heir. —Correspondence Newark Ad
vertiser.
Death of Percivai., the Poet.. —The tele
graph brings us intelligence of the deutli of James
U. Percivai, the poet, ho died at Ilazelgrecn, in the
State oi Illinois, on Friday last. Mr. Percivai was
born in Berlin, Connecticut, in the-year J 705, and
graduated at Yale College in 1815. He wrote'
verses nt a very early nge, but his first appear
ance ns an author was in 1821, when he published
his Prometheus and other poems. He published
another volume of poeius the following year, anti at
that period he was the ntost popular of American
poets ; the tenderness and melancholy sweetness of
his verses being in accord with the prevalent taste
of the day. In 1821 he was appointed an assistant
surgeon in the IT, S. Army, and stationed at West
Point to lecture on chemistry ; but he resigned his
commission after holding it a few months. He pub
lished a third volume of poems in 1827, and, in 1843,
appeared his Dream of a Day. l>r. Percivai was a
man of purely scholarly tastes and eccentric habits,
and he united a remarkable love of scientific pur
suits with his taste for poetry. He possessed great
linguistic acquirements, and assisted Noah Webster
in the compilation of his great Dictionary. He had
made a geological survey of the State of Connecti
cut, and, at the time of his death, he lu4d the office
of State Geologist of Illinois. He was never mar
ried.—A*. Y. Times.
RaU.W VY M\N \ OK.MB NT AM) PROFITS.- — The dis
parity between the pecuniary results of railway en
terprise in England and France is very forcibly il
lustrated in a recent issue of tlie London Press.—
Such is the difference between the par value aud the
market price of stock in the ten greatest railways in
England, that any original holder es sso,‘tOO in these
. companies would find himself now //Hnaxjust £lO,-
(KM) of his capital. And if there should be of the
original shareholder's capital $500,000,060 invested
in these ten railways then, as a general result, it
may be said that $100,000,000 have been lost.
In France the railways have been so amalgama
ted that onlv eight principal ones are quoted in the
market, It' a person hau originally investedsso,ooo
in the stock of these companies he would now find
himself possessed of £110,000! Instead of losing
£IO,OO he would have increased his capital bv £OO,-
000.
The difference is enormous, and the writer in the
Press is driven to attempt an explanation. It is not
the superior skill of the French, he affirms, for they
have been forced to employ English talent and ex
perience. The difference of profit is not attributa
ble to higher fares, for the French charges are lower
than iu England. It is owing, the writer confidently
declares, to tlie fact that in France the Government
will not allow another railway to be constructed in
competition witb an existing line, while in England
Lite utmost rivalry is allowed and encouraged, in so
far that every village has its road, and these are
half a dozen routes between any two considera
ble towns.
The Camel Expedition. —The United States
store-ship Supply, despatched some time since to
tin* Mediterranean for a cargo of camels, was at
Kingston, Jamaica, on the 13th ult. Os these ani
mals she has thirty-five on board. The ludinauola
(Texas) Builetiu of tlie 12ih ult., says workmen are
now busy iu erecting enclosures tor the camels, that
are daily expected at that port, for service on the
W estem plains. The enclosure will cover ten acres
of ground. It is proposed to keep the animals at
that place several months to recruit them. Some
of the animals were presented by the Viceroy of
Egypt to our government-, but most of them were
procured by M ajor Wayne and Captain Porter, un
der the appropriation made for the purpose at the
last session of Congress. Some Arabs accompany
them to take care of them. The whole scheme has
always appeared to us extremely visionary, and we
can hardly doubt will result in utter failure. The
camel is ns little suited to tbe climate aud other con
ditions of this country, as auy portion of our people
are likely to avail themselves of a means of locomo
tion that has nothing iu common with their charac
teristics of the tendencies of the age.
Flood is the Upper Mississippi— Lives Lost.—
We learn by a gentleman who left Dubuque on Sun
day evening last, that the Mississippi was then
higher than it had been at any time for the last four
years aud was rising rapidly. The islamls opposite
the city were under water. The improvement at
the kvees. known as the Seventh Street Improve
ment, was in great danger when our informant left
of total destruction —some five feet of it having al
ready been swept away. This work is in the hands
of a* private company’ on which the loss will fall
heavily should it be wholly destroyed Late in tlie
afternoon of Sunday the steamer Diamond waa
blown aground upon one of the islands, aud while
engaged in getting her afloat, two of her hands
were drowned. Vast quantities of drift-wood were
floating past Dubuque. A great deal of excitement
prevailed among the people, who lined the shores by
thousands. Tlie rise is from the upper tributaries
of the Mississippi, and experienced boatmen thought
i* - rea *‘hed its maximum wlien our informant
lelt Dubuque.— Ch , p, € ss, Apr*! 29.
. J*** */; Evans. —Wo regret to learn, that
the Methodist f ongregarion in this eitv are iikelv
to lose the valuable services of this estimable an’d
efficient minister.
For more than twelve months he has been solici
ted to take a place in tlie Agency of the ulx-k
Concern, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South
which is located at Nashville. Tenn.. but has mii
torrnly and steadily declined the appointment. At
the late meeting of the College of Bishops and Book
Committee. one of the Agents having resigned, he
was ek-cted to 611 the vacancy, bn? still declined,
until over-ruled by tbe unanimous opinion aud ad
vice of the Publishing Board and Bishops. The
former consisting of M*«rs. Green, McFerrin,
Garder and Hamilton, and the Utter, of Messrs.
Soul, Andrews, Paine, Pierce and Early.
Whilat this arrangement is painful and emharagp
ing to pastor aud people. Mr. Evans will be follow
ed by the beat wishes of his numerous friends, for his
happiness and CHeeees in the new and very impor
tant field of labor that has been assigned him.—Ma
con Messenger.
Queen Victoria Coming to America. —The
London correspondent of the Toronto Globe slates
that & report is quite current iu England to Lhe ef
tect that the Queen lias some thought of paying a
visit, during the coming summer, to her loyal pro
vince of Canada. 80 far has the rumor gained
ground, that several of the London newspapers are
discussing the propriety of the step, ana advising
the Queen to make the journey, by all mearn-.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, MAY 14. 1856.
UißiiMf E v|»rri»*iraf with (’a-t Metals.
A finely executed and comprehensive work has
just been published by authority of the Secretary of
War, containing reports of officers belonging to the
United States Ordnance Department, on the above
named subject. The experiments extended over a
series of years, and were made to test the strength
and other properties of metals employed in the
manufacture of canuon. The work is a scientific
one of great value, especially the information it
contains relating to the nature and treatment of
cast-iron, a material of deep interest toso many mil
lions of people in our own and other countries.
The experiments were mostly conducted under
the charge of Major W. Wade, who details them in
an exceedingly clear and interesting manner. One
new fact developed by them is, that iron fused a
number of times up to a certain point, is thereby
greatly improved in strength. In trials with some
iron.it was found that its transverse strength was
nearly doubled by being melted and oast four times.
Tfiw is a discovery of great importance to all engi
neers and cast iron founders. At the South Boston
Foundry, experiments were made to test the strength
of cast-iron, which had been submitted to fusion
during different periods of time. Eleven thousand
pounds of iron were cast into four six pounder guns ;
one alter the metal had been under fusion or melted
half an hour ; the second, under fusion an hour and
a half; the third, under fusion three hours; and the
fourth, under fusion three hours and three quar
ters.
The gun first cast burst at the thirty-first fire ; the
second at the thirty-fourth; the third was fired
thirty-eight times, aiid remained unbroken. Thus
the strength of the metal seemed to increase in the
ratio corresponding to the period of fusion, or under
which it was kept in the highest molten state, and
it might have been inferred from this that the fourth
gun would have been the strongest of all. Instead
of this being so, however, it proved to be the weak
est, for it burst at the twenty fifth discharge. In
view of these experiments, Maj. Wade, iu his re
port, says “these results appear to establish satisfac
torily the fact, that a prolonged exposure of liquid
iron to an intense heat, does augment its cohesive
power, and this power increases as the time of its
exposure up to some (not well ascertained limit,)
beyond which the strength of the iron is diminished.
This is a new developedfact iu relation to ca.st iron,
subject to concussions, of deep import to all engi
ncers. Experiments were also made to test the
transverse strength of cast iron bars, two inches
square and twenty-four inches long, the metal of
which was kept under fusion during different pe
riods of time. These burs were set on supports
twenty inches apart, and the breaking force was ap
plied at the middle. The results obtained from four
castings were in favor of that which was kept fused
longest—three hours. On this head the report says, ,
“from this it appears that the cohesive power of the
iron, so far as ii can be shown by its capacity to re
sist transverse trains, is increased 60 per cent, by
its continued exposure in fusion.*’ This is also a
fact of importance to engineers and architects,
regarding girders or beams, subject to a crushing .
force.
In most of the books which treat of the strength .
of cast iron, the resistance which it opposes to cer- .
tain strains is given, but little useful information ‘ ]
can be obtained in them regarding the very great |
difference of strength in different kinds of east iron. (
But as the density between the lower and higher j
glades of this metal differs as 6.H to 7.4—a differ ,
once of 31 pounds per cubic foot, and as the tenaei- ,
ty of the metal has a relationship to its density, it (
was found by these experiments that cast iron, hav- ,
ing a density 7.%’0, lmd only a tenacity of IMMM) f
while that having a density of 7.400, had a tenacity ]
of 45.970. i
Castings of the greatestaveight, according to their ,
size, are by far the strongest, and weighing them is ’
a ready means of judging comparatively of their t
strength. .
Some important facts were also developed iu re
lation to the cooling of heavy castings. At the Fort )
Pitt Iron Works, two eight inch and two ten inch (
guns were cast, one of each in the common way,
solid, and one of each with a core on a tube of iron, j
through which water was made to circulate after \
casting, to cool it from the interior, according to an t
invention of Lieut. Rodman. The solid eight inch j
gun burst at the 73d discharge ; the hollow cast one
stood 1500 discharges, and did not burst ; the solid 0
ten inch cast gun stood only twenty tires, while the
hollow ten inch gun stood 249. These guns were v
cast of the same material und at the same time ; the (
difference in favor of the hollow cast guns is aston- c
ishing. This is attributed to the method of cooling, v
it being supposed that iu cooling the solid guns con- f
tract entirely from the outside, and that a strain is „
exertedi upon the arrangement of the metal, iu the p
name direction as the strain of the discharges.
Lieut. Rodman goes into a very subtle mathe
matical demonstration to sliow that this is the case,
and that his method of cooling the ousting obviates
this unequal strain, But on the back of this, Major
Wade presents a new fact in relation to the effect of
time, after the castings are made, and before they
arc used, which is also of vast importance to engi
neers. Eight inch guns proved thirty days after be
ing cast sofid, stood but 72 charges ; a gun of the
same bore, proved 31 days after being cast, stood
81 charges, while one which was proved 100 days
after being cast, stood 731 charges, and another
proved after being cast six years, stood 2,582
charges. What an important fact is thus newly de
veloped, showing us that solid cast cannon should
not be actively used until they have been kept for
some years. Major Wade accounts for the phenom
enon in cast iron, by supposing that the particles
strained in the cooling re-adjust themselves in the
course oi time to their new position, and become
iree or nearly so, and lie presents some good argu
ments in favor of his theory.
The lesson to be derived from this by our engi
neers, is, that heavy castings of iron for beams
and machinery, subject to strains, are less capable
of resisting them immediately after being cast; in
oilier words, old castings are much stronger than
new iron castings.
There is much other new and useful information in
this work, for which we cannot find room to allude
in this arlicle, but will take occasion to do so in a
future one. — Scientific American.
Sad SnicinF.— An I tan for the Legal Fraterni
ty•—The Chenango N. Y. Telegraph announces the
death of Beniamin Wilbut, aged GO, by his own
hand, in the jail of that county. It seems that he
was imprisoned for costs in a suit which lie lmd com
menced against a man who had charged him with
perjury, lie abandoned the suit because of its fre
quent postponement, and from his inability to pay
t tie expenses of his wit nesses. This, of course, threw
the costs upon him, and being unable to pay, he wnR
placed in prison about a month since. This so prey
ed upon his mind that on the night of the 30th of
April, he gashed his left arm with a razor, and was
found barely alive next inprniug. When efforts
were made to restore him, he expressed n wish to
die, mid, refusing to take any medicine, he soon ex
likeil.
yx iif Hailuoads and Express Business.—The
Erie Railroad Company is about taking a novel
step iu railroad management. They propose to en
gage in the express business over their road, oil
their own account, instead of fanning out the privi
lege to other parties, as lias been the practice here
tofore, and for this purpose to create a seperate Bu
reau in their Transportation Department, to be un
der the direction of their General Superintendent.
The business, it is stated, will be transacted in
about the same way as it has heretofore been done
by the express lines—the Company receiving and
delivering parcels in all parts of New York city, and
at reasonable rates. The new arrangement is to go
into effect on the 16th inst., and it is thought that
most of the other important lines of railroad will
soon adopt the same system. yy
The Florida Indians to be Removed. —The
Tallehassee Sentinel, of the 29 th ultimo, states that
Gov. Broome, since his return from the seat of the
general government, has fully committed himself to
the removal of the Indians by force. There are now
in the service of the State and General Government,
together, one thousand and six hundred men, ami
tlu* eonmianding officer in Florida has authority to
receive “such additional force as may from time to
time be required.' This his Excellency thinks is a
sufficient force to adequately protect the frontier,
and that this protection will be continued.
Street Smoking. —The Mayor of Boston is being
beseige t with petitions and counter petitions on the
subject of pipe aud cigar smoking in the streets.—
The smokers in opposingthe enforcement of the law
say that it is puritanical in iLs tendency, and “ad
verse to the enlightened liberality of the nineteenth
century.” The unties pray that they may not be
compelled to inhale the effluvia of the noxious weed
in the public thoroughfares, and urge that the recent
fire on Lewis’wharf, involving a loss of $30,000,
originated from a pipe or cigar.
Prof. Stowe. —The New York Tribune says that
Prof. Stowe has been gladdening his many friends
in Cincinnati by a short visit. The Poston Post
conjectures that Prof. Stowe’s beard, probably
weighs more than Ids brains, for he promised a long
time ago not to cut it until the fugitive slave law
was repealed. If he adheres to his vow, Mrs. Stowe
might make almost as much ouUof the little mau as
from Uncle Tom, by exhibiting him around the coun
try in company with the hairy woman.
Professional Anecdote. —lna neighboring city
a young member of the Bar thought he would adopt
a motto for himself: and after nucli reflection, wrote
in large letters and pasted up against the wall the
following: ‘Suum cinque,’ which may be transla
ted ‘Let every one have his own.’ A country client
coming in expressed himself much gratified with
the maxim, but added, ‘You don't spell it right.’—
•Indeed : theu how ought it to be spelt V The vis
itor replied, ‘Sue’em quick.’
From the Altar to the Grave.— One of the
city papers a few mornings since, contained the no
tice of a marriage on the previous evening iu the
city at 7 o'clock, and immediately following the
marriage notice was the announcement of the
bride's death at 9 o’clock on the same evening. \Ye
learn that the lady had been mi well for some time,
but was not thought to be in a dangerous condition ;
but soon after the marriage ceremony had ended,
* she was taken seriously ill, aud in two hours was a
corpse. Such is life. ’Surely truth is stranger than
fiction.— N. O. Bulletin.
The United States Senators whose terms expire
on the 4th of March, 1857, are Lewis Cass, of Mich;
Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut; Hamilton Fish, of
New York: Charles T. James, of Rhode Island ;
John R. Thompson, of New Jersey : Richard
Broadhead, of Pennsylvania: Hannibal Hamlin, of
Ma ; ne, and Henry Dodge, of Wisconsin.
A Presbyterian Minister Drowned.— The
Rev. S. Moody, Presbyterian minister at Ashland
Ohio, was drowned at \Vellsville a few days ago, by
the upsetting of a skiff, in which a party were cross
ing the Ohio. The skiff contained five persons,
among them a daughter of Mr. Moody. She was
saved by the buoyancy of her clothing. A ferryman
was drowned.
Manufactures —lt is stated that the late Abbot
Lawrence was interested in upwards of twenty
manufacturing companies, and the average of his
dividends on the whole, for a period of about twenty
years, was something like seven per cent.
Bad for Ai\jthfc aries.— The report of the N.
\\ Homoeopathic Dispensary, gives the result of
754 eases treated et their infirmary by the physi
cians at the cost of onlys4.Bl for medicine, though
the prescriptions given, amount to 3.049.
Sale of the Largest Cow in the U. States.—
The great Durham mixed cow. for several years
owned by Win. Shepard, of the Manchester House,
iu this city, was sold yesterday to Francis P: Hoyt,
of Concord, for SSOO. This cow was raised in Pem
broke, aud is seven years old. She girts nine feet,
and weighs two thousand seven hundred and sixty,
being the largest cow in the United States.—Man
chester American.
The last sheets of Mr. Benton’s history were sent
to the Printer on Wednesday of last week. The
second volume, thus concluded, contains some
thing over 750 pages and will end with the rear
1850.
The London Times was established in 1785 by
John Walter, and on his death, in 1838, inherited by
his son John, at present a member of Parliament.—
The establishment is valued at £750,000 sterling, or
$3,750,080. Its editor in chief receives an annual
salary of £5,000, and its Paris correspondent 50.000
francs, or £2,000 per annum.
The four men buried iu a coal bank, on the Mus
kingum. had cot been released on Thursday even
ing, up to which time they had been confined to their
dismal prison-house, or perhaps grave, for six days
and nights. The Zanesvifte papers express hopes
that they will be found alive A large number of
men are working day and night in removing the
fallen earth from the entrance to the badk.
Books of subscription are about to be opened at
Louisville for a railroad bridge across the Onio river
at that place to cost $300,000.
From y he Philadelphia RnqM+rer.
The Grave of Washington—Mount Vernon and
the Ladies’ AwsciaiiM.
We learn tiiat the Ladies connected with the
Mount Vernon Association do not see in the recent
letter of Mr. John A. Washington, any 9erious im
pediment to the consummation «>f their great enter
prise. They Wiieve that the slight misunderstand
ing between Air. W. and the Virginia Legislature
will be satisfactorily reconciled. It would indeed
be a matter of regret, it, after all that has been
done, this laudable enterprise should fail. The La
dies certainly deserve great credit for their efforts,
and the manner in which they Lave been responded
to by the public, indicates a proper degree of patri
otic feeling. The Richmond Inquirer in the course
of an article upon the subject says :
We call the attention ot the country to the follow
ing extract from a letter of the “Southern Matron,”
dated as far back as February 13th, 1854—some
months before the organization ot the present Mount
Vernon Association took place, and before she was
forced to realize the fact that there would be none
either organized or carried on, unless she did it her
self. The following are the closing remarks of her
letter, addressed to the ladies of Mobile, urging
them to undertake the work :
“Our thoughts, our prayers will be with you.—
We shall watch with heartfelt, unwearied interest,
every movement of your infant organization, hop
ing to witness its vigorous maturity—its crowned,
its joyous, its glorious triumph ! \\ hen. as pilgrims
to the shrine, the daughters of the .South approach
Mount Vernon, and, with tearful eyes and quiver
ing lips, exclaim, ‘Father of our country, we are not
ingrate—we have won the resting place of thy sa
cred ashes’—then, t hen shall be the hour of triumph
and of thanksgiving! The fearful and the unbe
lieving tell us this will not be. We fear not. For
even if we may not redeem the Hall that once echoed
his majestic tread, we can, at least, secure his grave
—can, at least, raise over that loved, that hallowed
spot, a tomb bearing his forever honored name, and
the assurance of the undying gratitude of woman’s
heart. We do not—no American heart can forget
the tribute of respect ottered long since by a citizen
of Philadelphia.
“Many a step lias paused there; many au eye
gazed long and reverently on the sarcophagus which
contains the mortal relics of Washington, and on
that iu which r»*st those of the faithful partner of his
life ! Should Virgi ia, indeed, proudly clasy within
her sovereignty the home, and the burial place of
her noblest son, or another obtain precedence in the
right of possession ere our plans are matured, still
there is a place for us, and for our tribute of reve
rential love. Over this receptacle of all that is mor
tal of the sage, the patriot, the hero, we can raise a
structure, lofty, pure and beautiful—the admiration
of the stranger —the pride of our country, and ever
more to the South, a memorial of the gratitude of
her daughters to the Father of his Country.
“A Southern matron.
“February 13, 1854.”
In view of the present bright prospect of the
great work, through the patriotic exertions of the
Daughters of America und the eloquence of her
sons, ought we not to express our gratitude to the
whole-souled, courageous, enlightened and noble
hearted woman, who originated the enterprise, and j
has devoted all the energies of her enthusiastic (
character to the prosecution of the work, until vic
tory is in sight ! May we no! call upon every ad- ,
mircr of Washington, to bestow some of his abun
daut sympathy on this beautiful undertaking— j
confident that, if all, who desire its consummation, i
would give active sympathy, within live /ears (the
time allowed by the law of Virginia for the sum to
be raised and placed in her lmnd to pay for Mount
Vernon,) not only will the purchase be made and
measures taken to preserve and improve Mount
Vcruon, but a mausoleum be commenced,, and its
erection consummated, ere the present protecting
structure yields to the tooth of time ?
A letter from Washington to the New York Tri
bune, describes the condition of Mount Vernon, as
truly deplorable. The writer says:
I doubt whether five hundred dollars worth of
building, fencing, repairing, renovating, have been
bestowed on the estate since General Washington
died, more than fifty-six years ago. All the fences
in sight from the mansion are in the last stage of de
cay ; the plants and shrubbery have sadly fallen
away ; the negro huts are very far gone, and the
whole pluee has an aspect of forlorn neediness,
which no descriptian can adequately paint. Even
the new and spacious brick tomb—the contribution
of a patriotic and opulent Philadelphian twenty odd
years ago—is beginning to crumble away, whether
from faulty construction or mere sympathy with all
around, I will not say. The tasteful marble sarco
phagi, in which repose the mortal remains of
George and Martha Washington, alone maintain
their freshness; but let the protecting structure
crumble away, and they too must yield to the tooth
of time. The woods, which closely approach the
tomb, are full of fallen, decaying trees, as well as
tangled with briers ; the soil ofthegarden, and level
unttimbered grounds, was evidently once fertile and
productive, but now it is in the last stages of ex
haustion and sterility.
Surely under these circumstances, Mr. John A.
Washington should permit no t rifling cause to inter
fere with the success of an undertaking that has
been responded to with such lively enthusiasm, by
the great body of the American people. But let us
examine intrTthe case with some attention.
In Mr. Washington’s letter to Gov. Johnson he
plainly affirms that he will sell to Virginia on three,
conditions, viz : Ist. The right tor interment for
his lairs in future, in or around the family vault, and
for the maintenance undisturbed of those already
there interred.
2d. That the State shall never alienate the fee
simple nor any lesser estte in the whole, nor any
part, of the property.
3d. Upon receiving a proper “title” for the prop
erty, the State shall pay $200,000 in cash, or at the
option of the State, in Virginia G per rent, coupon
stock, &0., &LC.
These terms , and these only are laid down as ne
cessary to be complied with. Compliance, therefore,
by Virginia, infers obligation on Mr. W., to sell. —
Now t lie whole case turns upon whether Virginia has
complied or not. If she has not, then Mr. W. is re
leased from obligation to sell, but if she has—
we do not see how Mr. W., faoin a point ol' honor
can be. Mr. W., contends she has not complied
with “his terms.” Let us look into her “Act of
Assembly” and see if he may not be laboring under
serious misapprehension of this subject.
The fourth clause is as follows :—“The said deed
of conveyance shall he in fee simple! reserving to
the said grantor to inter in and around the family
vault any and all members of the Washington fami
ly legally descended from the said J. A. Washing
ton, and the further right to maintain perpetually
the interment of those already there. Ana it shall
covenant that the estate shall be kept free from in
jury and desecration This is very plain, it. covers
and complies with Mr. IV.'s two first requisitions !
The third clause of the Act of Assembly runs
thus : “The Governor of this Commonwealth is
hereby authorized and required to obtain, as soon
as practicable, from J. A. Washington, his heirs or
assigns, a contract signed and sealed by him, and
binding him to convey by property deed to the
State of Virginia 200* acres of land out of said
Mount Vernon, at any time within five years from
the passage of this Act—that the said Governor pays
to him the sum of $200,000.”
This “clause” states three things most emphati
cally ; that the property is retted in the Stale; that
the money will be paid m cash when title, is asked
for, and also that Virginia so desires to purchase,
and lias authorized her Government to take prelimi
nary steps at. once, tyr. In all candor we are com
pelled to ask upon what ground, then, can Mr. W.
say “his terms” have not been complied with l We
are compelled to admit that we do not see that he
lias left himself one single stand point, from which
he can show that the act of Assembly is not in ac
cordance with his terms, and, therefore, that he can
be honorably released from the obligation to sell,
whenever the Governor makes the application !
As Mr. Washington confined himself to securing
rights of interment, ami the title to the State, &c.,
made no requirement for its preservation, even so
far as to keeping the place in order is concerned ;
made no stipulations or restrictions as to improve
ment, the kind of method, as to the mode in which
Virginia should obtain the “purchase money,” or
that the mode of obtaining would influence his ac
ceptance of course, he left her free to act on these
/mints, and by so doing virtually placed it out of
his power to make any regulations ot hers in refer
ence to them an excuse for the non-fulfilment of his
promises—unless such “regulations” make null and
void, and clash with those entered into to comply
with his “terms of sale.”
That the Act of Assembly t hen c ontains more than
articles to comply with his expressed condition, is
not a point, he can now “rightfully moot,” as they
refer solely to matters about which he said nothing,
(and thus left Virginia untrammelled,) and lie can
not show'that they in the slightest degree infringe
upon, or destroy a strict and bona fide compliance
with all his written requirements ! What has Vir
ginia done ? What will reflect lasting honor to her
self and benefit to her whole country ! No posses
sion by any State of this “sacred spot,” to which
tlie eyes of all lovers of true greatness and liberty
from the ends of the earth are turned—can make it
be regarded as one in which only the State has a
claim and interest! No improvement by a State,
no matter what its wealth, would be considered as
commensurate with what is due to it—in honor of
him to whose memory all civilized countries already
pay homage! Therefore with enlarged patriotism,
Virginia has accepted of proposals so honorable to
the memory of the Father of our country, promising
to be so grand and glorious in their every result for
our country—socially, morally and politically, t hat
their accomplishment may be the means of making
liis “sacred ashes” become a “bond of union,” bind
ing its every section together, bringing back the
public mind and heart to study Ids principles and be
guarded by his counsel and example ! The necessi
ties of the times and the voice or our country, call
for the accomplishment of these great aims ! In
future ages this method will be regarded as the only
one by which Mount Vernon should be cared for—
the only tribute worthy of a Washington ! Can it
be possible that a descendant of his should desire or
endeavor to prevent such consummation * We
think not —for his own sake, and those of his child
ren, he would not wish to incur the unenviable fame
it would involve.
For ourselves, we do not see on examination,
anything in his recent letter to prevent acceptance
of the Virginia Act of Assembly, whenever the
Governor approaches him iu her behalf, aud makes
the case plain to Mr. W.. as it is to others! We
hope Mr. W’a. objections do not arise from any fear
about the money being raised at all, or in far less
time than five years. We think we may assure
him that the feeling now created for Mount Vernon
—foe our Pater Patriae —will raise it sooner than the
Treasuries of our States borne down with heavy
debts for internal improvements. Our own patrio
tic city could easily raise a fourth of it, aud we take
this occasion to call upon our citizens to remember
the Ladies' Mount Vernon Association— the gentle
men to give, and the ladies to follow the noble ex
ample, set them by the elite of the sunny South, who
have shown they leei it an honor and a privilege to
labor for the future perse rvation and improvement
of the sacred home and grave of the Father of their
country. For the benefit of those who wish to give
and to act, we state that Miss M. T. Lawson. 534
Spruce street, in Corresponding Secretary of the
Southern Matron, that the Superintendent of the
Hall of Indepeneence is authorized to receive con
tributions, boxes having been placed there for that
purpose.
The ladies cannot fail with such an ally as that
great and good patriot. Edward Everett, who. as we
saw it stated sometime since, has promised the As
sociation to deliver his “address" for its benefit
whenever desired, aud as the whole country seems
to have but one desire on that point, the sum to be
realised must be such a “donation” from him as
will be worthy of his enlarged patriotism. On re
liable authority we understand the amount already
realised is s*ooo, the “proceeds" from every place
where it is delivered are to be forwarded to him, to
be “invested by him as a fund for the purchase of
Mount Vernon.” As the Association has two ob
jects in view—a failure in rendering a beautiful
tribute to Washington is impossible, but should Mr.
W. become whimsical in spite of his interests and
credit, a Southern Editor recommends them to pro
cure the “funds'’ ready for the “time when Mount
>ernou must be for sale." for in our Republican
country, few family seats escape thi* ordeal for
many generations.
As Mr. Washington has publicly expressed his
desire to avoid for Mount Vernon the conting'* n
e»es incident to private possessions in this *mv *
we still flatter ourselves, that on serious and mat— <•
reflection, he will avail liimaelf of the offer vet to be
ma le him by the Governor of Virginia, which will
most effectually do so.
Capt. Holmes, of the ship Astoria, which arrived
~ ,ew Orleans, on Wednesday, reports that on the
v when seventy miles to the Southward of
the Isles of Pines, he saw a suspicious looking bark
steering 8. W. She altered her course as soon as
she discovered the Astoria, and kept off. Captain
H. took her to be a slaver or & filibuster, as she
had awnings up, and a large number of persons on
deck
The Jluwarre at Pauainn.
The recent outrage* on the Isthmus, at Parmina.
deserve more tliau a passing notice. We have
seen a reliable letter which shows very clearly that
these outrages were premeditated ; that the natives
were organized, and sought an opportunity and pre
text to murder and rob. This letter states the ori
gin of the riot to have been as follows : A drunken
passenger was disputing with one of the women at
the refreshment stand, and refused to pay her de
mand for some purchase. A black man standing
by, a native of the country, collared him, and doubt
less intended other violence. The passenger turn
edonhim, when the black seized a pistol at the
other’s side and fired at him—the ball strikiug a by
stander iu the ana. Very quickly the natives col
lected in large numbers, with fire-arms, knives aod
stones, and began a general attack on those of the
passengers who had pursued the black man that
tired the pistol.
There was certainly iu this, no justification for
the outrages which followed. Humanity shudders
at the cold-blooded murders and wanton destruc
tion of property which resulted from this beginning.
Not only did the white natives unite with the blacks,
but the police also ; and the Chief of Police made
an affidavit before the U. S. Consul, that he had or
den» from the Governor of Panama to attack the
Railroad Station. In this 9tate of things we appre
hend the course of our Government is clear. In
demnity for the past and security for the future we
must have; and the only mode of securing these
ends, is to have the strong arm of our Government
on the spot, ready for action should occasion de
mand. Not less than four millions of treasure pass
monthly over the route : thousands of {passengers,
and valuable freight ; and the mails of the United
States. When we consider all this, and also that the
route has been almost entirely unprotected, save
by individual enterprise, we wonder that there is
not more to regret in the past. We are admonish
ed, too, most forcibly as to the future.—A*. Y. Jour
Com.
The Battle of Rivas. —Another Version. —
The following is from the New YorklSxpress :
A\ e have seen private letters from parties en
gaged in the battle of Rivas which give a materially
different version of the relative numbers of men en
gaged, from that furnished by Walker’s official or
gan, “El Nicaraguense.” One of these letters, from
a perfectly reliable source, states that the actual
fighting ceased in the streets of Rivas at two o’clock
in the morning, “whereupon we, (that is, General
Walker) left the place ; but we did not know till the
next day that the enemy had evacuated the place
half an hour previously .” This goes to show that
Walker, so far from driving out the Costa Ricans,
was, in one sense, driven out himself; and that
impression is strengthened by the observation of
the same writer, that “neither party would ac
knowledge a defeat." The actual number of the
forces engaged would seem, also, to have been
greatly overstated by “El Nicaraguense.’’ The
Costa Ricans, we are assured, had not more than
fiitecu hundred men, all told ; while Walker’s force
is put down at four hundred and eighty. The com
bat lasted full nineteen hours, during which time
Walker’s men are said to have suffered severely
from them. “El Nicaraguense" states that Walk
er’s entire loss did not exceed thirty ; but our cor
respondent intimates that that figure is much under
the mark. The whole number of killed and wound
ed, he says, was known to be seventy-nine. It is
likewise denied that the Costa Ricans lost six
hundred men. Their loss, probably, did not exceed
four hundred.
The Gakkote.—A correspondent of the New
York Mirror, being in Havana, inspected the gar
route, and thus describes it :
It is the most complete thing I ever saw for chok
ing a man. It is attached to a piece of timber about
three feet long, half a foot wide, and two inches in
thickness ; one end of this piece of wood is so
shaped as to fit in a hole in a solid flooring, and the
criminal is placed in front of the upright post, on a
seat made something like a piano stool ; his legs are
pinned to the sides of the stool, and his arms are
tied behind him ; bis head is then placed between
two iron prongs, made so ns to tit on the back of the
neck ; directly under these are two other pieces of
iron, about an inch square, a little over a foot in
length, and perfectly smooth; these pieees pass
through the post, and are moved with great rapidity
and precision along the sides of the neck, by the ac
tion of a screw which passes through an iron plate
that unites with the ends behind the post; the screw
is turned by an iron bar, about three feet loug, that
fits on the end of it; u piece of iron about as large
round as your finger is attached to the outer ends.
This completes the apparatus ; and by a turn of the
screw the side pieces are drawn in, pressing the
front piece agaiust the throat, so as to break the
neck almost instantly.
Loss of Schr. Alvarado of Newbury pout.
—The sloop Cinderalla, Capt. Smith, arrived in
Charleston on the sth inst., from Cape Remain,
with Thomas Royal, late mate, and five seamen,
lately attached to the schr. Alvarado, of Newbury
port, Mass.
The Alvarado, Capt. Chace, was on her passage
from Attaknpas, La., for Portsmouth, N. H., with
a cargo of live oak timber, when, on the 24tli of
April, latitude 28, longitude not recollected, during
a squall, Capt Chace was knocked overboard by
the boom, and lost. After the accident, the mate,
not being a good navigator, the vessel drifted about
for several days, when, on the 27th of April, being,
as was supposed, about one hundred and twenty
miles Northeast of Charleston, fell in with the
bark Hamilton, of Salem, for Doboy, Geo., the
captain of which vessel supplied the Alvarado with
provisions and pursuaded the commander of the
schooner to follow the bark, and endeavor to reach
this city. On Friday last, at 2a. m. lost sight of
the bark's light ; when, some time after made a light
which was thought might be the bark’s, and stood
for it; but it unfortunately proved to be Cape Bo
main Light, and the schooner consequently went
ashore before daylight on Cape Komain beach,
where she will become a total wreck. Mrs. Chace
(the captain’s wife) and child, who were on board
the Alvarado, have been left with the keeper of the
Light House, at Cape Remain.
Singular and Dreadful Accident.— The fol
lowing is an account of a frightful accident that re
cently occurred at the London .Docks, in one of the
warehouses:—
Two young women paid a visit to the brother of
one of them, who is a clerk iu the establishment, for
the purpose of being shown over some of the build
ings, to witness the working of a machine known as
“hydraulic lift,” and other contrivances superseding
manual labor. While the brother was engaged in
another part of the warehouse, they inadvertantly
got too near the aperture through which the machine
(the hydraulic) travels up and down to the various
compartments of tjie warehouse; holding their heads
over the hole, and looking down, believing the ma
chine not then at work, the before named instru
ment suddenly and instantaneously came down, and
in a moment, severed both their heads from their
bodies, the heads falling to the bottom of the build
ing with a loud crash. It. was with difficult that the
brother could be restrained from jumping from near
ly the top of the building to the bottom.
The Washington Sentinel says :
“// £ ill require a new administration to turn out
the Freesoilers from office. The present does not
dare to do it.”
Mr. Fillmore is exactly the man the Sentinel calls
for. He turned out the Freesoilers, when he was in
office before, and he has no better reason to like
them for spitting their foul calumnies ut him ever
since. Mr. Fillmore turned them out, and Mr.
Pierce turned them in—now let’s turn Mr. Pierce
out, and turn Mr. Fillmore in. Why not, Mr. Sen
tinel ?— Lynchburg Whig.
Thomas Carlyle on the Late War.— The Lon
don Correspondent of the New York Tribune, in
speaking of the Eastern War, says :
Mr. Carlyle told me in February of last year that
it had been rushed into entirely at the bidding of the
people,'and contrary to the opinions of private think
ing men. He added that he had no wish to save
the Turk from Russia ; that the Turk was an ugly,
black, sensual fanatic ;” that “he had performed his
mission by destroying the dirty, attorneying Greek
theology when the sun had become weary of it
and that ever since, his disappearance from Europe
had been the earnest wish of Christian men.”—
So did the redoubtable Thomas Carlyle hold forth
to your humble servant as he walked away west
ward to his house at Chelsea on a cold fine Februa
ry day.
Attempted Abduction in Missouri.—Consid
erable excitement prevailed in Edina, Knox coun
ty, Mo., the past week, in consequence of the fol
lowing incident, as related by the Lagrange Bul
letin :
It appears that Mr. James liied, a hotel keeper
in the town, was chosen guardian for a family of
children, and was determined to shut them up in
some Catholic convent, contrary to the wishes of
the friends and relatives of the children, and of the
children themselves. Reid was requested by the
citizens to relinquish his purpose, but refused to
comply with their wishes, and on Wednesday night
week lie took the children from their home, and
was binging them to this city to take boat for St.
Louis, when he was arrested by a party at Monti
oillo, the children taken away from him, and Hied
Limselfwas arrested ou a charge of abduction, and
held to bail in the sum of SI,OOO to appear at the
next term of the court for trial.
Editorial Ddtiu.—At a printer#’ festal at Bos
ton a short time since, the following capital toast
was drank:
i% Tke Editor. —The man who is sxpected to
know everything, tells all that he knows and guess
at the i est; to make oath to his own good charac
ter, establishes the reputation of his neighbors, and
elect all candidates to office; to blow up everybody,
suit everybody, and reform the world ; to live for
the benefit of others, and have the epitaph on his
tomb-stone—‘Here lies his last.’ In short, he is a
locomotive running on the track of public notoriety
—his lever is his pen, his boiler is filled with ink,
his tender is his scissors, and his driving wheel is
public opinion—whenever he explodes it is caused
by non-payment of subscription ?
Iranistan Deserted.— A correspondent of the
Springfield (Maas.) American who has just been to
Iranistan, the late place seat of P. T. Bornura, says :
“A visit to Iranistan, where Barnum lived so
lately in all bis glory, affords an excellent text for a
sermon on the mutability or all mundane affairs.—
The grounds are neglected, the hothouse has receiv
ed no more care this winter than enough to keep
the plants from freezing—the fountains have for
gotten to play—the flowers are coming out amid
heaps of leaves and rubbish, which have not been
cleared away, and a rail bars the entrance to the
deserted place, whose figurative latch-string always
used to be out. The robbins and sparrows hold un
disputed possession of the grounds. Aladdin lias
lost his place for a time.”
The London Punch. —The seizure of the Lon
don Punch by the French police, because of some
squibs touching the French Imperial infant, shows a
ludicrous degree of sensitiveness, which Punch will
know better than any one else how to appreciate.
We should like to read the comments of Punch up
on the subject. It is not supposed that the Emper
or has any knowledge of this super-serviceable zeal.
Perhaps not!
A remarkable surgieal operation was performed
recently by Dr. Carnochan, of New York. The pa
tient was a gentleman who had been tortured with
neuralgia in the face for more than seven years, and
had submitted to ail sorts of operations by various
distinguished physic ian* and surgeons with no per
manent relief, when he called in Dr. Carnochan, who
undertook the novel and hazardous operation of
trepanning the cheek bone, and chiseling out the
root of the inflamed nerve which caused all the suf
fering. The patient was thrown into a state of in
sensibility by inhaling chloroform ; and the opera
tion. which lasted nearly an hour, was performed in
the presence of several phvsicians. When the
nerve was cut off the patient jumped np mechanic
ally, but on recovering his consciousness he had no
memory of pain. He is now doing w ell, and for
the first dine in many years can eat and sleep in
peace.
Albert Pike has issued the pronunciamento of a
new party. This party is to be called the “Demo
cratic American Party,”—its motto, “Americanism,
Toleration and Reform’—and its candidates, Daniel
S Dickinson, of New York, for President, and Wm.
C Dawson, of Georgia, for Vice President.
New York Items.
Mat, s.—The Religious Anniversaries were com
menced yesterday. The Board of Foreign Missions
of the Presbyterian Church held tneir nineteenth
annual meeting last evening, in the Presbyterian
Church. (Dr. Potts’.) From an abstract of the an
nual report it appears that the receipts from all
and the expenditures
leaving a balunce of $24.86. The ad
vance in the receipts of the treasury were SIO,OOO
over those of last year. Forty-eight missionaries
and assistant missionaries were sent out during the
vear. The anniversary sermon of the American
Home Missionary Society was preached r.t the
Church of the Puritans, Union Square, by Rev N
S. S. Be van, D. D, of Troy.
The deaths for the past week foot up 313—which is
a decrease upon the mortality of the week preceding
of 29; men 57, women 62, boys 120, girls 104 adults
119, children 225 ; males 177, females 166; colored
persons 6; deaths from consumption 53; convul
sions 83 ; small pox 7.
Clipper ship Dreadnought sailed on Saturday for
Liverpool. She was chartered by Rev. M. Thomp
son, of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, in Grand
street, and some thirty or forty members of his con
gregation, for the purpose of an excursion—all to
themselves —across the Atlantic, with a view of
benefiting their health, &c.
Packet k sliip Fairfield, from Havre brought 300
passengers: reports four births and three deaths on
the passage. The ship Benjamin Adams, from Liv
erpool, brought 573 passengers.
News from Texas.— The Austin Stale Gazette,
of the 26th ult., says :
We have much to complain of in our prospects for
crops. The grasshopper has ravaged a large dis
trict of country in this vicinity. Whole fields of
corn have been entirely destroyed. Most of our
gardens have been also visited by the grasshoppers,
and the vegetables cut down. In addition to the
calamity, we have suffered severely from drought.
4V e have had no rain for many weeks past.—
Much will depend upon summer rains for the suc
cess of our planters. Unless we have them, we are
ruined beyond redemption. Coni is getting to be
a precious article, in view of the unpropitious future
before us.
The Austin State Times, of the 26th ult., has the
following intelligence from a friend iu Laredo :
On the 4th inst., Col. Daniel Ruggles, command
ing at Fort Mclntosh, received a letter from Mexico
conveying intelligence of the escape of thirty Lipan
warriors and seventy-two women and children from
the Mexican troops, and their passage into Texas.
Col. Ruggles made an immediate order for the
movement of his whole available forces against the
Indians. He also sent the letter to the citizens of
Laredo, and intimated a desire to have their co-ope
ration. A large force of citizens was promptly or
ganized, und placed themselves at the disposition
of the officer commanding the scout—Cant. Selden,
sth Infantry. He surprised a party of Indians on
the Nueces, approached within seventy yards of
them without being discovered, had them quite sur
rounded, but the denseness of the chappai al enabled
the savages to escape, and prevented a vigorous
pursuit. lie captured six horses, a first-rate Ameri
can rifle, and various other articles.
The officers at Fort Mclntosh are represented as
haying shown great promptitude in the execution of
their duties They have used every exertion to
give protection to the surrounding country.
A severe hail storm recently visited a great por
tion of the interior of Texas, and did very considera
ble damage to the crops.
Banks and Banking Capital of Massachu
setts.—The joint Committee on Banks of the Mas
sachusetts Legislature have reported against any in
crease of the banking capital of the State during
the present year. They state that there were peti
tions for five new bank charters and for an increase
of capital stock for twenty-eight banks. The addi
tional capital asked for was $7,125,000, of which
$3,800,000 was for Boston banks, and the balance
for banks in the country. The amount of banking
capital ju the State i 5509,000,000, of which $15,000,-
000, or more than one quarter part has been created
within three years. While the increase of banking
capital has exceeded thirty per cent, in three years,
the increase of population has been but fourteen
per cent. ir. five years. Massachusetts has already
more than double the amount of bank capital of the
States of Ohio and Pennsylvania, and two-thirds as
much as the great State of New York—an umouut,
the Committee assert, quite out of proportion to the
business and population of those States. The Com
mittee further remark that “notwithstanding the
large amount of banking capital granted the last
three years, money has not been plenty, and the
rates of interest Lave been unusually high. The
great excess of bank capital has tended to eu
courage speculation and advance the prices of mer
chandise greatly above its intrinsic value.”— Balt.
Amcr.
Woman’s Love.— A young man formerly of this
city, who was arrested last Spring and condemned
for bigamy, was released one day this week, hav
ing served out his time, and was met at the depot
by his firet wife, who had not seen him before for
several years. The meeting was of a very affec
tionate character. The young wife forgave his
indiscretion, and took him to a clothing store,
where she purchased a nice suit of clothes for him
which he donned, when she placed in his hands a
purse of three bundled dollurs, that she had earn
ed since lie had left her bed and board. The next
morning the reuuited and happy couple took the
cam for New Hampshire, where, among the pure
air of the Granite Hills, we trust their cup of con
nubial bliss may always remain full. For such an
expression of affection as this, the words of the
poet are altogether too tame. —Newburyport (Mass.)
Herald.
Women Stronger than Oxen.— Let not our
fair readers be startled at this, but read its proof in
which a distinguished physician says. (We with
hold the name of the gentleman, to save his profes
sional reputation, because we consider the following
a libel, on the principle that the greater the truth the
greater the libel :)
“I anticipate the period when the fairest portion
of the fair creation will step forth unencumbered
with slabs of walnut and tiers of whalebone. The
constitution of our females must be first rate, to
withstand in any tolerable degree the terrible inflic
tions of the corset eight hours every day. No ani
mal could survive it. Take the honest ox and en
close his sides with hoop poles, put an oak plank be
neath him, and gird the whole with a bed cord, and
demand of him labor. He would labor indeed, but
it would be for breath.”
The Fourth of July in Worcester Mass.—
The people of Worcester intend to have a grand
celebration on the approaching 4th of July. The city
council has appropriated $1,500 for that purpose,
and the citizens are contributing liberally to in
crease that sum. It is intended to invite home the
absent sons and daughters, and to make the occa
sion a kind of family gathering. The absent sons
and daughters will, doubtless, cheerfully respond
to the call.
Building at Cincinnati and St. Louis. —The
building prospects of Cincinnati during the present
season, are said to be better than they were ever
before known. The Commercial says the buildings
erected this year will be generally of a superior
class. At St. Louis contracts, it is said, have already
been made to build three thousand houses in that
city this season, and that the mania for building is
only checked by the inability to procure lumber
for an additional number. One block will cost
$150,000, and several million dollars in the aggre
gate will be dispensed among the mechanics there
this yeas.
On the Ist of April the Transit Company’s steam
er Cortes, on her arrival at San Juan del Sur, with
$120,000 in gold on board, was boarded by four men
with authority from Walker to seize her in his
name. The Captain, with great politeness, invited
them into the cabin, and while treating them to
champagne slipped his anchor and quietly put to
sea, towing three ships, loaded with coal which
Walker also intended to seize, and likewise carry
ing off a passenger who had $4,000 in gold for the
General.
American Movements. —The Macon Messenger
of Wednesday says :—We learn that the Central
Executive Committee of the American party of
Georgia, will meet in this city at an early day, and
arrange for the time and place of holding a State
Convention, for the purpose of taking into conside
ration the Presidential question. As this Conven
tion will doubtless meet the last of June or early in
July, we would respectfully urge upon all persons
friendly to American principles aud the election of
Messrs. Fillmore ana Donelson, upon their past
eminently constitutional and national record, to
hold meetings in the different counties aud select
their delegates.
A correspondent of a Belgian journal reports the
following anecdote of Napoleon the Thira-On a
recent occasion, after a long interview between his
Majesty and Count Orloff, aud in which the conver
sation had taken a wide range, the Count expressed
surprise at the vast general information displayed
by nis Majesty. “Ah,” replied Napoleon, “that was
because I studied four years at the University of
Ham.”
Punch for April is riqh. He don’t like the Peace.
“What,” he makes John Bull exclaim, (under the
head of ‘Swindling the Clarendon,’) as Landlord of
the British Lion —“What! Quite the gentleman !
Why, he has left nothing but a porlmantel full of
bricks and stones, and gone oft without paying the
bill.” The cut exemplifying his dismay is excellent,
aud what is more, it purports to be drawn “By a
Distinguished Russian.”
The following daguerreotype of his Satanic Majes
ty was given by a negro preacher in Virginia to his
“colored bredren
“Stan’ 'side, niggers, let me tell you I hab a
dream, and see deaebbil! He hab an eye like de
moon : he hab a nose like & canoe; he hab an ear
same as bacca leaf ; he hab a shoulder like de Blue
Ridge,and hab a tail like de rainbow!”
The Savannah Journal learns from Capt. Free
born, of the St. Johns, that the Lumber Mill on Do
boy Island, owned by Mr. T. P. Pease, was destroy
ed by fire on Tuesday night.
Classical and Incorrect —The best jokes
afloat in the Capitol are located in the room of the
Committee of the District of Columbia. Iu a re
cent discussion there a legal member stated that
“ Congress should be liberal towards the District.”
She has no Territorial or State government, and we
consequently should watch over her interests, “ in
loco parenti A clerical member of the commit
tee, from down East, did not relish this, and closed
a sophomoric appeal by exclaiming, in true pulpit
fashion : “As to the gentleman’s insinuation that
Congress should act as focofoco parents’ to this Dis
trict, I would remind him that only the Senate is of
them politics.”
Adulteration of Milk. —The committee on
agriculture of the Massachusetts Legislature, report
ed , on Friday, a bill by which, if a person adulterate
milk, with water or otherwise, he is to be fined S6O
for the first offence and imprisonment in the bouse
of correction not more than six nor less than two
months for the second.
An English journal mentions the astonishing feet
that pasteboard is now being manufactured from
beet roots. We think this can’t be beat.
A dispatch, it is stated, has been received by the
Nicaragua Company from New Orleans, giving in
formation that Mr. Parker H. French had arrived at
New Orleans with power in his possession derived
from President Rivas, restoring to the Transit Com
pany all its rights and privileges.
Protection of American Citizens at Panama
and Aspinwall. —Mr. Dobbin has satisfactory
reason to believe that the sloop-of-war St. Mary’s is
now at Panama. Orders have been issued, the
Washington Union states, to the officer in command
of that vessel to remain in that port so long as he may
deem it necessary for the protection ot American
citizens. A vessel of the home squadron will touch
at Aspinwall also. The hope is indulged that the
presence of a man-of-war at Panama will check any
attempt at further outrages on our countrymen in
that region, and relieve passengers from apprehen
sion of trouble.
On Sunday morning, the 18th ult*, the wife of Ed
ward Pbin, of Birmingham England, was safely de
livered of five children—three boys born alive and
doing well, and two girls bom dead.
A Deceased Apple Woman’s Estate.— Joanna
Austin, the “old apple woman,” at the corner of State
and Kilby 'street, Boston, died on Friday, at her
home, No. 62 Congress street. She had nearly $2500
deposited in Savings Banks, besides about S4O on
hand. The discovery of her money was followed
by the discovery of a number of relatives, who had
hitherto been profoundly ignorant in regard to their
consanguinity. The chief of police took charge of
her effects for the present.
VOL. LXX.—NEW SERIES VOL. XX. NO. 20.
The English Postal System.
i- The second annual report of the English Post Of
is fice has just come to hand, and is a document of
h more than ordinary interest. It shows the past eon
n ditionand present state of the post office m Great
i- Britain, and the success of the system of uniform
11 and low postage, which, to a certain extent, lias
s been an example for postal legislation throughout
1- the world. Iu the statistical ami other information
0 given, and in the order and arrangement of subjects,
s this report is all that could be desired.
e The number of post offices in Great Britain is
i 10,498, and of these 920 are principal offices, and
? 9,578 sub-offices and receiving houses. The great
features of the British post-office are the low and
uniform postage, the free letter delivery, the receiv
-3 ing houses, the money order system, the return of
j dead letters to the writers, ana the payment of go
-3 vemment postages out of the treasury. These, we
l believe, are substantially the principles that our pos
tal reformers are contending for.
The number of letters mailed in the kingdom du
• ring the year 1855 was 456,216,176; the number of
• uewspapers, 71,000,000; the packages of transient
printed matter, 3,000,000; and 800,000 valentines.—
This last number is obtained from the excess of let
ters Valentine week over the other weeks during
the year. The gross income of the post office was
$13,582,100, and the expenses a little over half that
amount. The number of money orders taken out
during the year was 5,807,412, and the amount of
money remitted $55,046,398. No mention is made
of any money ever being lost in money orders, but
1 in 837 is allowed by the holders to remain unpaid
during the lifetime of the order, thus making a se
cond commission necessary. Os dead letters, the
report says : “ Last year the number of returned
letters—that is, of letters which were sent to the
dead letter office and returned to the writers in con
sequence of the attempts to deliver them having
failed, was nearly 2,400,000, or about one-half per
cent, on the whole number of letters posted." Inis
is a very different result from that of our quarterly
holocaust, which dooms to the flames annually four
million of dead letters. We cannot compel our peo
ple to call for their letters, or never move away and
leave their letters behind, but we can have a letter
delivery tiiat shall save a great many that now mis
carry, and of those that do miscarry we can return
them to the owners.
Two million letters were sent from the British
Isles to the United States last year, being about
500,000 less than the year before. Os these two
millions, 103,000 were returned as dead letters. The ,
number of letters sent to the colony of Victoria, in
Australia, was 350,000, and of these, 42,000, or 12
per cent, of the whole, were returned to the Dead
’sitter Office. There were 2,300,000 letters sent to
France, and 37,000 were returned “dead." The •
army and navy in the East used the post office
largely, sending home 1,198,853 letters, and receiv
ing from home 762,858. The Money Order Office
had only been in operation to the Crimea for eight
weeks when the report went to press, (March 17,
1856,) and yet the soldiers and sailors in that time
had remitted home $65,000. After this, British
sailors and soldiers serving iu the army or navy, iu
any part of the world, are going to have the facility
of remitting home by money orders. With over
fifty-five million dollars remitted by mail annually
in money orders with perfect safety, and the imme
diate and extensive applicability of the system in
time of war, from a hostile shore, is there any diffi
culty in seeing the great utility of this fiuuiicial
agent, particularly to the poor and humble, who
wish to transmit small sums ? The nearest ap
proach to compulsory prepayment that they have m
Great Britain, is the privilege of mailing letters for
any place iu the United Kingdom with or without
prepayment, but if not prepaid, the postage is
doubled ; and to Australia, letters must bo prepaid,
or they will not be forwarded, there being no ar
rangement with that colony for collecting any post
age that is due. But there is this difference between
their arrangement and ours : When our letters are
not prepaid, or if they lose their stamps/ they are
taken to Washington, after many mouths, and
burned ; while iu England, they uro at once return-
ed safely to the writers.
Since penny postage was introduced intoEnglnnd
in 1810, there has been an increase in the number
of letters written within a year, of $1180,000,000 ;
there being that number last year more than there
was in 1831); an increase amounting to iust six fold.
The whole number of letters written and mailed in
Great Britain, according to the official estimates in
January 1, 1840—when peuny postage was intro
duced—has been 4,993,518,870, or almost live thou
sand million. Taking the number written iu a
year during high postage and the rate of increaso at
that time as a standard, the number of letters writ
ten during the sixteen years with high rates, would
have been 1,319,529,536, or 3,673,989,340 less than
the number actually produced under a penny rate !
What vast, social, moral, intellectual, pecuniary and
commercial benefits must have arisen from a cheap
and convenient postal system that called out 4,990,-
000,000 letters in sixteen years, instead of the mode
rate number of 1,319,000,000 that would have been
written with high rates ! The whole number of let
ters written in the United States since we have been
a notion (65 years) has been only 1,393,930,814, or
less than the number written in Great Britain during
the last four years. These are the practical results.
Is not a tree known by its fruit. Does not penny
postage teach a wonderful lesson, iu showing
such a vast correspondence iu a country where
scarcely one-half of the people have any education
at all?
With a method of remitting money that leaves
the mail thief without an occupation, a Govern
ment official has no chance ot inditing a book
and calling it “Ten Years Among the Mail Bob
bers !”
The system of registration in Great Britain enu
not be used a great deal, or considered very sale,
for the Postmaster General urges upon the public
the precautionary measure of cutting bank notes in
two, and sending one half at a time, even though
sent in a registered letter. A postal guide, giying
every kind of needful postal information to the pub
lie, is to be isssued hereafter periodically.
One of the great features of the British Post Of
fice, and the arm of the system that probably con
duces more than any other to increase correspon
dence, is the free letter delivery. During the last
year free letter deliveries have been established at
1,327 places where none existed before, and at 649
other places the free delivery w’as extended or otli
erwise improved. Rural letter carriers are employ
ed very extensively, and in the country districts
around six or seven towns mentioned—Southamp
ton, Colchester, Halifax, Tunbrige, Wells, Hudders
field, Norwich, and Greenock —the number of let
ters delivered by carries amounts to some eighteen
t housand a week; nearly a million in a year. In
London, not content with ten deliveries a day, they
are going Jo have hourly deliveries, and so rapid
is the distribution to be, that letters will be all de
livered within an hour after e&ch collection.—
When shall we have such a system in our large
cities ?
The Postmaster General—his Grace the Duke of
Argyle—makes one very significant remark about,
foreign postage. He says i “I know it is your
Lordship's desire, and it is one in which I fully con
cur, that the postage between the United Kingdom
and every foreign country, both on letters and print
ed matter, should be moderate.'* We hope our
Government will meet them half way, and have the
moderate postage rates established at once.
The number of persons in the employ of the Brit
ish Post Office is 22,547 ; and the number of miles of
mail transportation per week-day is almost 59.000.
The average cost of transportation on railways is 20
cents a mile, and by coaches and other conveyance,
41 cents.
Some curious scraps of old postal history are giv
en. The Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1566, sent a
form of prayer by post, from Croydon through Wal
tham Cross and Ware to Croxton, and it was forty
hours iu going sixty-three miles. The railway
through Croydon now goes fifty miles an hour; not
sixty-three miles in forty hours.
In 1698, Sir Robert Sinclair had a pension of
£3OO a year given him “to keep up the post/* in
Scotland, but he lost money at it, and threw it up.
In 1715, there was not a single horse or carriage
post in all Scotland, the mail transportation being
all done by foot runners, the same ns it is now in
many parts of India. In 1716, the Duke of Argyle.
ancestor of the present Postmaster General, started
the first horse post in Scotland. In 1757—ninety
nine years ago—the mail was hours in
going from London to Edinburg. At this time it is
eleven .hours. The first stage coach and the first
peuny poet and letter delivery was established in
Scotland, in 1776. The letter delivery was started
by one Peter Williamson, eccentric native of Aber
deen, and he had letter deliveries every hour
throughout the city of Edinburg. As soon ns the
business got to be profitable, the Government took
possession, and gave Williamson a pension.
This annual resume of the British postal system is
highly interesting and instructive, aud we hope to
be able to congratulate some congressional Row
land IlilPon the successful introduction of a bill to
make our post office establishment equal to the one
that, for sixteen years, has beeu iu successful opera
tion in Great Britain. —Netc York Journal of Com
merce.
Icebergs.—A correspondent of the Buffalo Ex
press gives the following description of the forma
tion of icebergs: “Their formation does not take
place in the ocean ; but, as it is described, in the
mouths of fresh water streams. These often enter
the ocean through deep gorges, and when sheets are
small, the water, in the weather of the north ? is of
ten congealed in large proportions, as it reaches the
sea level where its active motion was lost. This at
once blocks up the outlet, and holds back the water,
so that ice quickly forms from shore to shore, and
continues to augment in height by the overflow, and
to daily extend inland or up stream, so long as the
severe weather continues. Then, upon the first
warmth of spring, the freshes begin, and having first
loosed this huge mass from ice rocks by the passage
of warmer water arouud it, the stream, in it* swollen
condition, and aided by that tide, lifts it entire from
its bed, and thrusts it out into the ocean, where it
becomes the sport of winds and currents until dis
solved. The extreme sizes of these masses is pro
bably unknown : but Captain Scorcesby relates
that be once encountered once in the open sea, that
was resting hard upon the bottom in water fifteen
hundred feet deep, and yet still reared its top far
above the waves of the surface.
A Priest Hung in Italy.—Our readers will re
member that in our issue of March 29th we pub
lished a correspondence from Piacenza, Italy, in
cluding the narrative of the numerous and awful
crimes of a Kornau Catholic curate, by the name of
Gregory Franchi. This monster in human shape
had been sentenced to death, guilty of having delib
erately shot a peaceful and honest young man for
having marrieu his niece, who, with another sister,
had been previously seduced by the Reverend
scoundrel. Since sentence of death had been pro
nounced by the High Criminal Court, the fiendish
priest attempted to strangle the turnkey, m order to
make sure bis escape.
We are now informed by our correspondent
from Piacenza, that the Bishop of that city, with
all the clergy, tried to obtain a commutation of
punishment, thus annulling the legal proceedings
of the civil tribunals, and instituting the Papal
theory that there ought to be two penalties in the
world widely differing one from the other, viz :
one severe, and the other lenient •, the former to
be applied to laymen, and the other to the priest-
_
But the clerical attempt failed, and Priest Greg
ory Franchi was hung at Piacenza on the 18th ult.
Had there been a concordat between Rome and
the Government of Piacenza, or had that city
been blessed with canon laws, the clerical crimi
nal would have escaped the gallows. — New York
Crusader. ,
Unfotunate Casualty. —We learn from the
Vicksburg Whig, of April 30, that four men and a
boy were crossing the river from Tunica couuty,
Miss., to Helena, in Arkansas, in a sail boat, ou
Saturday week, when the boat came in coutact with
the steamer Robert J. Ward, and was instantly
swamped, by which two of the men and the boy
were drowned. It appears that the Ward had just
left the landing, and the sail boat, with a free wind,
had crossed her bows. The steamer kept the wind
from the boat, and the result was that as the boat
had no oars, Hhe was drifted acrosstbe steamer s
bow and run down. The Sheriff of Tunica coun y,
who was on board, and one other person were res
cued—the others perinhed. We have not learned
the names of the parties.
The Camei.* have Come.—The United States
storeship Supply lias arrived at Galveston from
Smyrna, with thirty-five camels on hoard. The
Supply was sent out last fa 1 to procure these camels
forme purpose of trying tile experiment of transpor
ting the mails on them across the piama to Galilor
nia, &c. One of the animals only died ou the voy
age Several Arabs accotnpauv them as keepers,
ahd an inclosnre often acres has been prepared at
Indiauola, Texas, for their temporary accommoda
tion where they will remain until fully recruited
The’experiment ir a novel one, but there is every
reason to believe that it will succeed {unless moles
ted by the Indiaus) and will be of great public ac
commodation uutil the ’‘iron horse’ commences his
rapid flight across the plains.
Natural.zed CiUecus Abroad.
The abuses of the privileges of American citizen
s ship is growing into an evil ofalarming proportions.
’ There it no question of national policy that demands
so much of serious consideration as this. Our loose
1 aud summary mode of naturalization—a process by
* which freemen are made of political slaves —to-
' get her with the extreme doctrines laid down of late
1 years in regard to the duties and obligations which
1 grow out of this new relation, are subjects worthy
of the highest and most enlighteued consideration of
1 our jurists and statesmen. It is an alarming fact
that our friendly relations with mankind, under the
existing state ofaffairs, are wholly beyond the con
trol of tlie go veniment, aud at the mercy of any
naturalized strolling vagabond who may lie inter
ested, or wicked enough, to imperil them. It is no
torious that large numbers of foreigners who have
been considered dangerous to their own gov rn
ments and banished from their native land, have, of
late years, availed themselves of the benefit of Ame
rican citizenship for no other purpose but to return
to the country whence they came, and carry out
more effectually their schemes of rebellion and revo
lution, under the protection of our government.—
Once clothed with citizenship, and even before , un
der more recent interpretations, they may go where
they please, return and place themselves under the
very nose of the prince or king whose government
they have plotted to destroy, and w hatever difficul
ties may arise, our government is bound to take up
their quarrel and make it its own. In view of the
recent attempts at revolution in Europe, and the
vast number of persons who, having participated in
them, aud being overthrown, lied to our shores for
safety and subsequently declared their intentions to
become citizens, there is not a day in the year when
all the blessings and vast interests of peace may
not be sacrificed in spite of the etforts of our govern
ment to uphold and maintain them.
The case of Anthony Pfund, a naturalized citizen
of the United States, who returned to Switzerland
and was expelled from one of the towns of that
country on account of his dangerous character and
forming conspiracies, affords a striking instance of
the dangers to which we have alluded. The entire
correspondence upon his case has been recently
published, and it shows upon what a slender thread
mug all our friendly relations with the rest of man
kind. The facts arc as follows, and for their succinct
statement, with appropriate comments, we are in
debted to the New Orleans Picayune :
Mr. Pfund was, in 1818, engaged in an insurrec
tion which broke out in Baden, a city in one of the
small German States, bordering on Switzerland. A
republic was proclaimed, but it did not last long,
and those concerned in it were driven into exile.
Among those who came to the United States was
Mr. Pfund, who, after remaining five years, took
out his naturalization papers. Last your he return
ed to Europe, and toon up his residence at Basle,
in Switzerland, which is eW*se to Baden, in Ger
many, married there, and obtained public em
ployment as architect of the Board of Public
Works.
But Switzerland, which is a small and compara
tively weak Republic, in the centre of powerful
military despotisms, is constrained, for selt preser
vation, to agree to certain restrictions upon the har
boring and residence of political refugees who are
thought dangeronn by surrounding monarchies. It
is almost a condition of her existence that she should
not make herself a refuge; for plotters against her
formidable neighbors. It may seem harsh, and it is
a harsh necessity, that she should In; compelled, in
self-defence, to avoid grounds of hostile compliant,
which might lead to a union against her of five great
lowers. Americans, at least, should judge lenient
y,and with a view of the position of the Swiss Re
public, when they treat of the measures which arise
out of tliis class of obligations. Indeed, it would be
an act of uukindiioss, verging upon animosity of
purpose, if the American Government should make
a cause of quarrel with Switzerland because the lat
ter refused the right of residence to a noted politi
cal, agitator, whose expulsion was demanded by
France and Austria, ami whose right to our protec
tion was derived from a fact of naturalization, which
had been practically renounced by returning to
Europe, settling there, and taking of office as a citi
zen. We should be extremely sorry to see any
conflict with the Swiss Government, m defence of
any such pretension, in behalf of any European who
comes here and takes out naturalization papers, only
to use them in order to escape the eonsequenees
which would attach from actual residence and do
imediation in Europe. It Mr. Pfund marries and set
tles, and takes office in Basle, we do not understand
upon what principle lie claims to be exempt from the
responsibilities ot that relat ion, by virtue of an ac
quired American citizenship, which he practically
renounces. — Sav. Rep.
l<rpublican Institutions.
An editorial in Wilmer & Smith’s Liverpoo
Times, speaking of a growing desire on the part of
Melbourne, to elect their own Governor, instead of
receiving one from the Mother Country, mokes the
following remarks:
The people of Melbourne, at the dates of the last
accounts, were engaged in agitating a very momen
tous point, which can hardly fail to startle Down
ing-street, and the concession of which will greatly
abridge the labors of the Colonial office. The want,
iu a word, to be permitted to elect their own Gov
ernor ! We think this request reasonable, and we
will briefly state our reasons for so regarding it.—
The adoption of free trade by the mother country,
und the concession of selt-government to the Colo
nies, have altogether changed the relations which
formally existed between the Crown and its distant
dependencies. The change is so complete thut for
the future our only hold on the Colonies must be a
silkcu one ; a cord soft and delicate, which both par
ties to the contract will respect. We must rule our
progeny by moral, not physical power—concede all
their rational requirements, for we give their pro
duce no protection which we do not extend to the
merest foreigner; and if they desire to elect their
own rulers, subject to a veto on the part of the;
Home Government, let them do so. They are very
likely to make a much better selection than the Co
lonial office can make for them, and if they are un
fortunate in the choice the blame und misfortune
will be their own. If they are denied this privilege,
and some titled blockhead from the old country iH
forced upon them, with no qualification probably
but the solitary one that he is f a member of the
“Barnacle family,” the silken chord may snap soon
er than will be pleasant, and we may bear some fine
morning of another Republican United States at
the Antipodes. A Legislative Council, even in its
unreformed state which determined to make the
bullot part and parole of the constitution, must be
composed of very sturdy Administrative Reformers
—men who appreciate Bentham’s axiom of the
“greatest happiness of the greatest number,” and
such men will become very restive under the “Bar
nacle” regine.
Presidential. —The Washington correspondent
of the New Orleans Crescent, thus writes on the
Presidential question :
The belief is gaining g<ound here that Mr. Bucli
anun will be choked off by the combined exertions
of the other Presidential aspirants. There has been
of late, n very decided manifestation of hostility to
Old Buck. My impression is that what is left un
done by the politicians here, will be finished by the
two-thirds rule, and that Mr. Buchanan will be
again shelved. If so, Pennsylvania is good for Fill
more against any other man by thirty thousand ma
jority. The same two-thirds rule will probably kill
off Pierce, Douglas, and Hunter—and then the De
mocracy will have again to fish among the min
nows for a Presidential candidate. As Tom Corwin
suid, after the nomination of Pierce, “no man is safe
now.'’
To illustrate the temper of the people in Virginia,
with respect to the nomination of Mr. Fillmore, I will
give an extract from a private letter from a Demo
cratic friend in Northumberland county, which was
received yesterday. He says:
“If the popular dernonstrations throughout the
country, or the popular expression of the masses
amongst whom I have mingled since I left Wash
ington, are reliable sources of conjecture us to the
complexion of party strength, and furnish uny cri
teria for an opinion of the acceptability of a ticket,
those made in favor of Fillmore are certainly as
flattering as his most ardent admirers and friends
could wish. I have never seen a demonstration so
spontaneous, and so little taitned with political clap
trap. The people seem less disposed to follow jiolit
ical leaders than I ever before huw them.’’
I learn from other sources, that the same feeling
exists all over the State. Certainly it ought to ex
ist, and I see no reuson why an lamest und con-'
scicntious Democrat may not rally to the sup
port of a national statesman like Mr. Fillmore,
as cordially as to the nominee of the Cincinnati
Convention. Why can we not have more liber
eality and less purty tyranny in our Presidential
lections ?
Mercantile Honor.—What it Is and What
it Was.—The lively correspondent of the Liverpool
Journal , who writes the “Talk on Change’’ once
a week for that journal, has the following article in
relation to the demoralization of the times :
Referring to speculation, the talk was, that it Ims
greatly depreciated the onco high character of the
British merchant; that while statesmen and politi
cians lied for the good of their country, he alone en
riched it by its truthfulness, his probity and his
honor ; that liiu word passed for even more than he
was worth, and no one ever dreamt of suspecting
him of fraud or meanness. That now it is different;
that every day discloses facts adverse to his purity,
and that this very week the underwriters of London
have met to consider the gross imposition practised
in cases of marine insurances ; that they proclaim
aloud that the present race of shipowners and ship
pers have ceased to inspire confluence in their deal
fugs ; that they carry fraud to an extent that threa
tens to prevent underwriting altogether ; that
wrecks, they insinuate, are manufactured to order,
and that invoices are forged for a profitable pur
pose ; that where villainy falls short in these parti
culars, claims of a most unjustifiable nature are put
in and insisted ou ; that this has grown into a repre
hensible system, and that it not checked marine in
surance must cease ; that dishonesty has trickled
from the highest to the lowest ; that poison lurks in
the druggist a shop, impairs the health giving sr
tides sold by the grocer, and is found at the flour
mill adulterating the flour , that if the world is not
coming to an end, it is time, for the sake ot humani
ty, it was thinking of a final exit.'’
Extraordinary Hail Storm.—An unusual
hailstorm occurred at Auburn, Alabama, on the
4tb instant. A writer in the Montgomery Mail
says :
“The size of the stones varied from as small as a
pea to as large as a lemon. The large oue*> were
mostly of the shape of an oblate spheroid. I mea
sured one of ordinary size and found it eight inches
latitudinally, and seven inches longitudinally. The
prevailing size was that of a guinea egg, while the
shape varied greatly. I found plenty that would
weigh four ounc es. Upon examining them closely
they were found to be composed of alternate layers
of ice and snow around a white, snow nucleus, in
dicating that the stoue was not formed at once.”
The Vienna correspondent of the Times says that
it is the declared intention of Baron Bruckto form
one great Austro German Commercial Union, with
the same costoms, tariff, currency, &c., and it
may be confidently expected that at no distant pe
riod, the plan of the energetic statesman will be re
alized. The first step towards an Austro-Geriuan
Customs Union was taken in February, ISod, when
Baron Bruck, as the representative of Austria,
concluded a “ Trade and Customs ” treaty with
Prussia.
Grasshoppers. —Some sort of insect—we have
been told that it is the grasshopper—has been play
ing sad havoc with com in some neighborhoods in
tbw couuty. Several persons having told us that
their com was being destroyed iu this way, we walk
ed oot to examine our crap, which had been recent
ly worked over, and we could scarcely “ locate”
the rows, so general had been the destruction. In
ouc; patch of some five or six acres, (joining
the woodland,) there was not a stalk left to every
twenty yards square'. Will some? professor of “ the
shovel and hoc” tell us what can be done to prevent,
such “ varme nts” from destroying young corn-?
Athens Watchman.
Great Britain and America’s Shipping— In
the year 1830, the tonnage of American vessels
was 1,191,776 tons ; the number of seamen and wa
termen under the American Hag, inc luding those m
the Navy, a little over ninety thousand. In 1805.
only twenty five years afterwords, the tonnage had
increased to 5,212,000 tons, and the number of sea
men, to nearly four hundred thousand, both having
more than quadrupled in one-fourth of a century.—
In 1811 the tonnage of the British Commercial Ma
rine was 2,616,965 tons, employing 172,786 men und
boys In 1854, forty years afterwards, the tonnage
had increased to 5,043,270, and her seamen ineluding
the 63,000 iu he r Navy, to nearly 400,000, both hay.
lag doubled iu less than half a century.