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l!S SVM. S. JONES.
< IlKoMri.i: A BENTIWiGL.
TEKMS AC.
Tjnc VVKEKLV
I’ulilitliril r\rrj IVednr^tr
at two dollars per annum
if paid strictly in advance.
//• ,\'OT nil' /A ADVAKCE,
THKEB dollars per year
TO CU B »r IXOIVUICAt#. fendine us T-u
ISIX irrpi'*f>( tßi- pup- r will bfc -<nt for aue
yi-ttr. titfi- lurr.irfiiinx tlie paper at the rat* of
SIX COPIES FOR TEN DOLLARS,
or a fir *■ • - oopy to all w'mj may prrroura Ur Kivf sub
»< rilrrrr. fttiri forward tuj tin* money
THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
DAILY’ AND TKI-YVKLKI.V,
a Art aLo ptihiirtiiorl at il/tu otijr-e. anti maiUrd to rule
' eciilrrrti a; t im.- ratnamely:
Itiipv Part'll, if a< irt bv mail,.. $7 par annum
Tin IVim.r i’u-r.K.. •'> “
Tsrnta of Advertinio*.
Thk WuettLY - Seventy-five testa per Mjnare
llllita *or :>•!■». f,r the find inaertiuu,and fifty cenu
r!356! THE 1856 !
SOUTHERN ( Vi/VI V AT<>R,
A »|OM*lllaV JO! KNAI,,
|t»viiri» KXf M'SIV/.LT TO tHR i.MPRoVKMKNT OK
r ..■■Hihrrti Agriculture, Harlirulturr. Stock breeding,
I'hultry, fir**, iityfrr.il Farm Economy, 6fc.
with Numerous Elegant Engravings.
ONE DOLLAh a year in advance.
f>% NIKE LKK •* D. am* D REDMOND, EDITORS.
Tli -* < orteenth Volume will commence
January, 1856.
TifE CUf.Tlf AT‘»R i- a Large oetavoofthirty two
f«.i n<f a . o.nrw- nf .>1 j*A«rei*ln the year ft conUinn a
t : omutr <Mnr>mj4if r»a4injrvnatt*r than any Agri
<* i .i’irnl J./arnoi of th« Kontb—<»uit*rA«-tuK. m addition to
ait tie • nrr«ntaffri<*okaraJ „( the* day,
VALI \IILE OUiniNAD COM HIUOTIONB
many of the mtr*l iuirUigtnt auil j/rarucul Plant' ta,
» it.: • r au<l llorticulturUU in ovary *>ffction of the South
and Southwj*t.
TERMS:
tv r. i»rr % I y«*r #1 j 25Coptes, l year *•*>
Nix Cofay.* l “ :> | ton “ ] “ 75
Thk Ca*»m 'iYATr.it will tw* rigidly adhered to, and in
x.n :;» t.-tnea wiiljlm jtajwr bo iihU uai«~« the money ac
-1 iip.lo th« or-hir. Tim ittUa of ail Hpocicpayiirg
I'.oiWa r*’< eW«d at oar All money remitu-d by mail,
p . Lt/• paid, willheal the rUk of the Publishers.
A «l vert i«c nieiii*
lirctfetl at Osr. Dol l Aft jn r square of twelve linen,
on :, thin ; ou<- ouare, J.er annum, TEN Dollars.
VI 'I. S. Aoiasta, fie.
* tlf ' P* r-«*n* who will act an Agent*, and obtain Suh
iio*-r», will tM*fii‘iO' h<-d with the paper at Club prices.
FOR SALE.
FOR SALE.
I NOW offei for sale n.jMUilirc River PLANTATION,
1 v or TU mijt a south of Columbus, Oa.. in Barbour
coiinir, Ala , lying on the Chattahoochee river, contain
luff rfWamm, Inin) in a flue ataui of cultivation and
i'...»t| ropatr. Ay'»nl Wi»o*r < I'm and Ferry aero** the
i.l: r,v« r . 'll...abovu will he for naie at any
tine- un*i *ol.l ..ion given Terms to suit pur
.in r-r \ j£nL*J rf] MATTIIKVV AVKUK'IT
TO MEN OF TASTE AND CAPITAL.
* I' II li *ulm«Tiber, wixhlog lo remove to Southwestern
1 U.-. ivia |>ropo-< to s«-U lii* phtce near Carve Spring,
n V f ;»Mii*s V.UAiy, .Floyd county, (ja., containing '•(17
• of»»re or l< -r*'tsirr»«-<l Dt quality oak and hickory
tuotftiy of i«yil aod auttai c wot to w'aeh ; Homo ICO acrea
rhv-U ' d and under go«*<l tillage ; the remainder generally
WHI 1 i inhered It hu. several springs of cool blue Lime
Htoue water, two eiHiHtaut Htro.iniH, an elb .-tlve water
|.oxy. , withont *1 iming, orebanUof many well selected
vaneiit *. especially ofappluM, and a large uiid cominodi
11 It/hdi t»w tdling. -urronnded by tine scenery, and
m Jlhui a mile of the village, long noted for 1U ediicational
ndv niftngi - AU Who hare examined the premise*, eon
•nr hi pinion that Rds plaie combines the elements
»ii I 1111 Urtifity, eoiivenlnm-e and liealChfulnoHs to an
extent stdtiom, ifevyr, equalled in thin country. Hut
« oiue and Ho*- fur and the eharaeter, location
«m.I jawoureg* of the place can hardly fail to satisfy you
that it Ijj a No. 1 article, not subject to the fluctuations
oftfle market. Fur teronK, apply on the premises.
W. D. COWDKKY.
Cave Spring, July 10, lK*ifl. Jyl.Twtf
VALUABLE PLANTATION FOR SALE !
ITF.D luJwimli# county, Ala, on the road
n leading tV»»m liayueville to Benton, ten miles from
the l itter place Nnid firm e.mtnins ItiHO acres of land,
on. -half tfnd. r goud-fem e-, well tUtched, and in a high
•<t tie oi cult is a i ion. The improvement* comprise a good
nuw dwelling lion e. cmdaiiiuig four rooms ; a large tw o
elm-V framed Out llotiso and Screw, reeentiy put
Up • X eltent WfAbJe s. aud a tfOod Mill house. The iiuim
l ■>' Laud Is well limberc-tl and of superior quality.
This pi.«ni.a. .it has advantages over any other in the
ut ighh-.i fi J one half being h vel with rich black soil,
tin 'other fertile hammock lying in the fork of A*h and
Panther rr<%*k/ The prairie portion of the farm is abun
dantly natural by and the sandy by a number of
unfailing tie. *. ne q.rings, convenient to the negro quar
ti i |r is also wvil locuKhl, having excellent range for
to. k, tMMI tine- outlet* The plantation will he disposed
.1 privately for a «l»vl*hm of an estate.
Any information relating to It ran be obtained by ad
•tre me me at Tu-krger, Macon eountv, Ala. Tboso
%\\». wi b t« look at it wfli pleftoarall *>n the Ovemuor.
Tiios. I’dJAKV, Fa r
, . tin tl . tan Os \V I. Cary .lei eu i.l
M ELL'S PATENT PLOW STOCK !
r IMIL imiliai»h;autJ ha* ittveulnd aud patented a most
I t.luabh' IMPROVEMENT IN TIIE PLOW
STUCK iM«» r.MiMtyilipTits for which ho desire* to s,t
Il»- p.m.r*tu lot others speak Us pr&Uu, and therefore
mti •><hir< ; iho fntioivbig c' > rttflr.-uex. from two Planter*,
woll uud d\or;«l»lv kluuvu in tho community In which
fin yi. i«lo Hr introduce many others, but the
Plow aim It wilt lor HsOlf whenever examined
JAMES U. MJKLL.
ItiocUo*., l.Uii rty county, Ca.
Tin- i I - i i fciu, tli.ii 1 with my own liandx.
Ih.. i*hlv letod Hi. new ly Luv pitted Plow Stock of
.I.HII." II Nil'll, r. 11l pniiit irf .impli.lty and pi-rfu
lion I I ivi-u* or «.*on <ir u t-ii Its equal In it U com
bitjcl . \o;y Ithm I o*ald wish in n Plow Stock, anti
ii in my oj ioKMi. i > tin* cheapest an.l the host that h:is
ot. rl> .:i oftcroil U» the public. I *peak from having
n .\ U" UU >uy owu hand* 1 wa* rai»ed to follow tho
Vluw, think tliat l know how ouu ought to run 1
w.u11.l 1 1*» vt'ftilly fh.ujk any one, who will thoroughly
iry jt, totint out to mo one -•ingle fault in It. It is
t .i i.-r upoti the Uorsc :uni plowman than uuy that 1 have
a <i.
'l’t’O priuejjilj* u}»oit which yon regulate tho depth of
the plow . h tUtpKi :uid yot no perfect, a*. to commend
it sell j.»nnv i*no and the stuck is adapted to any kiti.l
*>f Plow p.e. It »ri. ti1..1 Cover, juntas light ttii any coul.l
♦ h ir« it to he 1 won ill in •omiio ml to auy aud all. if
tlu v wich thn belt and cheapest Plow Stock, without
lie,' tiiti.p to get Mr Jaiue« LI Moll’s.
p. nth Id, Ua , April IX IH.TB I >. W. IV n A ON.
lo Oompanv with cv-nR others. 1, this day. witnc**.*!
the til i! of Mr Jana s It. M« H's Plow Stock, by Mr l». W
Wil ot, aatd Che. i rttliy state tlmt all present wore fully
hill lied Put It docs every thing as staled above. 1
would.-wi'>.vu\cr. stato that I ha\e been using them on
mi\ fan*, for ■ . I ihviifos, and evary <la> -ei\.> t.>
i -.infirm me in tin opinion of the superiority of Mr Midi's
PI »w St.wk to all others mm in use.
PciiflHd, U i . April l.*i. It-.**!, Tlios I*. Janks.
m,'!T
r.iIiMAN :> JfeON I'LD V/- STOCK
fpll'E under igned, having purchased the patent right
| . .the above valuable and popular PLOW for (he
t'' ■ 11111 lex i.i Kichinopd. tHtlnmhla, Llneolu, Burke, Jcrter
> W . • • Pm.innal. are prcp-ir.-d to
uno ll it to planters at »qc manufacturer’* price. This
stock, >\ lilclrjM niade entirely of wrought inm, is a South
«»iii inveiilfon i id has l>*vn uCui.-uIU tested to prove
(h if it anus ,ii.no steadilyt breaks ami paLtirizc* the soil
in ■ . tb- .iiiilitv, clogs Less in rough land. Is more easily
.f diiiJtisl t\»r deep or shallow plowing, holds the shares
im.'mv tinply. la#t- incomparably longer, and Is, in the
cod, ivr cheaper than any other sleek now in u*«. This
vacnt is fhUv sustained Ur numerous oerifUcates in
..nr possosMiou from the most' practical and successful
planters in the country. We will have plcsuro
hi scinlo K r a circular cunulning some of tli.sso certiticales
and a more particular dcvcriptlou of the plan, to any
pea who would like to sec them. We are witling to
rotor f > :»uy one who has given this plow a fair trial. In
the \, \ No of the Southern Cultivator, p. .145, tho edi
tor of that work sirs; * Alter giving this plow a fair
and impartial trial we can truly <ay. that we regard it a*
a most valuable Improvement on all common wooden
t inp’ meats u s the kind uowda u<e. For general cMcicn
• and convenience, as well as special adaptation to deep
Alagc or subsoiling. we know of nothing that surpasses
t, while on tho <,-ore of eiamomy and durability, it is
altogether unrivnb-iL No plow with w hich we are tami
iar, is*, well cah'ulatcd to resist the careless and des
tru.-tice usage of Plantation Negroes, ami w edouht not
that its general Introduction would be of very great peett-
benedt to tin* planting interest of the South.”
I'n, Si.sk is adapted to six different shares or points
embracing every variety which a planter will need
from the beginning to the end of the year. These shares
w ill be furnished with the Slock, when desired ; though
auy plantation smith can make them after onoe seeing
them
lights for counties, for .Shops, or for Plantations, w ill
tie -..hi on reasonable terms. Apply at the llartlworo
Stores in Augusta, or ad.lrexs I. 0. FITTK.N A t’o.
d.sM(5-wtf Augusta, f.a.
$lO REWARD !
rtH.KN from the subscriber, oh the. night of the 4th
ist .1 -mall Wun leather IHX K3ST BOOK, cim
taui ug nmi«' frl'Jw >«n money, and two mrtes, one
f . $ H.,i and aonie ccuts, made by James M. and William
K W hite, payable to uic, tinted *JSth January, ISC»t». due
at twelve months • the other for $47 50, made by A K.
1 1 vnncOy. payable to J. A Stone, (tateil about the IM of
l>ce«nber la«t, due one day after date, and one small note
ou my self, which 1 had jutui. aud torn off the name. 1
w ill pay the above reward for the recovery of tb« pipers,
and ask no questKms All persons are hereby camioucd
not to trade for -said notes, aud tho makers not to pay
them, except to ine. G. S. PANNELLY.
February 1A IKSR
' ’ %30 REWARD.
I> \N\W\Y, from the subscriber, resnlinf in lhit-
V iiafcicouutv. near Menill. in August last, tuy Negro
Mail KR INK lie isaboat 45years ohl five feet ten in
dies high, of uuvdmm airc, has a slight impediment in his
apeech. aud has lost the sight of oue eye He was raised
iu Virginia, aud has* been in Georgia aliont two years.
The above inward will be paid Aw his delivery to me.
or to auy jaU so that 1 can get him.
ic.N wtt JOHN A HARRIS
Th*t Sourhrm Recorder w ill publish till forbid, and for
ward account to this office A»r payment.
S2O REWARD.
1> VNAWAY. from Win. Jehusou. about the loth of
V December IS-vt. a wejro r an named JOHN—he
s. laermn-- cabs hhnveif >N LESLEY. He is about thirty
n* e vuar> old. about five feet eight or ten inches high, of
a yellow compUxiou. w .ih sons' of hi* front under teeth
um. and a small scar over one of his eyes. I do not recol
oct w hich eye. The snbstrilH'r will pay the above re
ward for tho delivery of said bevy to mo. or hi* cmiiine
jneut m jail m* that 1 may get him.
\ A uisvillc, Gjh, Pet. 17-wfiui F W. JOHNSON.
FUL ON HOUSE,
ATLANTA. GEORGIA,
BY A W. REEVES
4.877.000 FEET OF LUMBER.
w id certify that the Athens Steam t'ompany
| built for us a t ireuiar Saw Mill, on w Inch w e have
aawed <bu» ainHoa eight. Unu irod and seventy-seven thou
sand feet of Lam her t*oard measure, (ft out the 17th of
July. to the 17th January. ISs6.'> in eighteen montha
or about teu thousand five hundreit feet per day. But we
really sawed ftvtn elatva to tweh e thousand feet per
dav . fivr we *uppr>od the Mills has been standing in iho
eighteen months at least two months for want of log* and
occasional rejxsvs. The above aecoam i* taken frrnu a
iKK.k in which w e charge all the Lumber we ship i:
from tlw» MdL Ab.»nt one dial f the Lpmbor >aw.>d e Rail
Hoad stringers, k by 9 inches, and the balance weather
• bvvards. dvH.rmg. inch lizards and some- one aud one-half
(ll) and two tack plank.
The improvement on the hcadrblocks works fine, and
w oaid advice to* must' them on all wonr MAX*.
Years, nspectfnHy. NVAHLEY i HEPPABD.
77 Mile Post. Central R. R.. Om., Fab 14, iPod
The above can be sustained by other certificates,
which w e think not neeeasary. sim'e w« are building the
same CIRCI.LAK SAW MiLL-S. ftrou frame* east m
one piece.) With improved Head-Block* and Carriage
Ge*;in - to ordw : t.iginher w ith STFAM ENGINES
and BOILERS Finished SHAFTING, M niug and Mill
MACHINERY. PUMPS, Ac. Irou and Brass Callings
of every description. Wrought Jrdo Work. Finishiug and
Kepaicing promptly exeeatoi
Our asAortUMWt us Flouring and other Mill Patterns are
not excelled Son*h. being the improvement* and accu
initiation of years
lk»uMiimacativ.us wiil receive promat atienthut ad
dressed to REUBEN NICKERSON.
Agent A then* Steam Company.
Athens, Geo. mhl2-w3m
JOHN D. BEILLY,
A TTORNBT AT LAW, Angusta, fn. will prac
t ice in the Court* of Law and Equity in the counties
i f Richmond. Burke. Jeffwm. driven. Warren and
• Wlike* Office in Masonic Hall Building mhs-ly
\CAr*T IKON WIIREL, whose diameter Is 11
feet. ;two of which are churned with wood.) and 14
inch -*urf*< *- The hub j«5 inches in (be bore. AW.
other part* of Machinery connected with a Saw Mill, will
be -add Price :t* ceut« per pvund- Inquire at the Bel
Aft Mill? n»yl?*4e*wll
Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel.
(Lljrotiick ic
G
i’nnn tit Ltmiamße Journal.
HOME AGAIX
It ia a tnonrnful thing to hare no borne *
To wear a -broad of loneliness on earth.
Tt» know that fate has forced thee forth to rdarn
And fear thyself unwelcome by each hearth ;
To hear harsh, stranger voire*, and to raise
A drooping lid and meet a loveless gaze !
Once. Tong agr». the lightning' quivering glare
Lit the Strange *adne*> of a boyish brow,
Arid faded from bright waves of curling hair
A* quick a* hope fade- from my spirit now !
While the sad wind, witli many a fond caress,
Highcd for a kindred w anderer'ii loneline^P.
Weary ami wretched he had sank to *R-ep
’Er.- -unset .- crimson loveliness had gon • fde<*p.
Tin- twilight came and pa-setj—nights gloom grew
In the tlamp forest—still he slumbered on.
And o|j * how *trange? that friendless mourner smiled,
As calmly as a cradled, thoughtless child.
Ah ! mern’ry hire him to lib* home he heard
The murmured music of his childish hours ;
He saw familiar trees and each bright bird [lower*;
Wh*»*e sweet song gticbedai spring time inid the
His -inter hi - Mother's thrilling kiss
Flu bed his pale cheek w ith more than former bliss.
He woke while listening for the words of love,
And heard the pas ing night wind’s deep farewell!
lie saw the trees around, the clouds al»ve,
And murmured, starting, from that sjiell.
“Ob, Owl ? the loved are gone—my dream is o'er ;
This is a forest—l've a home no'more S’
World-w anderer, thou art in a forest too *
Oh • dream and smile as did that lovely boy—
There is a home for thee ; the loved, the'true
Await thee there amid unfading joys ;
Weary and sail thou too shall fall asleep—
The shades around thee will be dim and deep !
Angel-: -ball bear thee to tbv home, and thou
Wilt wake amid the light of early years;
Thy mother's real ki.-H shall thrill thy brow
And still the quivering of earth’s lingering fears ;
Remembered voices, with an added strain
Os trembling love, will whisper, Home Again •
Newcastle, Ky. 8. M. U.
Frovi the Southern. Kpi&copaUan.
\ Day on the Ogeeeliec.
Mi*srif. Editors : —Seldom can we tell in this
world what God intends for good and what for evil.
When the morning after the feaful hurricane of IBf>4
the devoted Missionary to the upon the
threat! Igeecbee, the Itev. C. Williams, saw his Mis
sion (Jhurch levelled with the ground and its fi'ag
rnents literally scattered to the winds, his heart sank
within him, and he felt that God had laid his hand
heavily upon him. For at the same moment that
he saw his Church destroyed, he perceived, like
wise. that the liberality which was to restore it, was
sorely crippled. The planters, tin- sole patrons of
the Mission, were such fculul sufferers that it would
require all their economy to enable them to sustain
themselves. Such desolation had seldom been wit
nessed, and it seemed hopeless to look for help from
those, whose crops were lying in the fields utterly
ruined, whose embankments were torn to pieces and
whose buildings were many of them post rate on the
earth. It was a picture,-so far as the mission was con
cerned, of utter and apparently remediless destruc
tion.
Rut the M is.-ionxiry felt that soinetliiug must be
dene at once. Hi* Mi.-sion, after nine years of hard
labor, was just in that critical condition when the
want of a House of Prayer might bt fatal to it.—
symptom* of attachment to the ritual and order of
tin* Church had begun to manifest themselves ; pre
judice*, long cherished and carefully maintained,
had been tdowly yielding to faith and perseverance,
and if the Mission remained without a Church edi
fice for any length of time, all that hud been done
might be in vain. II is mind was at once made up.
So soon us the condition of the country would per
mit, for this disaster occurred in the midst of the
fearful pestilence which ravaged Savannah and
Charleston in 18-”> 1, Mr. Williams determined to
make an uppeal in behaif of his Mission. This
was done through the columns of the Church Jour
nal, New York, and the Southern Episcopalian,
Charleston From the North, which professes to
take especial interest in the religious welfare of the
negroes, not one cent was received. The appeal re
mained unnoticed and unanswered. One conside
rable contribution came from Richmond, Virginia.
The planters did what they could under the circum
stances, but much the largest means of rebuilding
this Church was derived from Charleston through
the kindness of the Editors of your Journal. To
you is the merit due of sustaining, what, in the esti
ination of the writer of this article, is the most im
portant Mission now inoperat on in Georgia, a mis
sion which is fast thawing the apathy of Churchmen
and making them feel, what they have seemed loth
to acknowledge, that the Church is ns well suited to
the servant as it is to the master.
On Saturday, the9th of February, the last nail
was struck in this new edifice, and Sunday,the 10th
of February, will long be remembered updn the
great Ogeeehee river. It was the day appointed
by the Bishop of Georgia for the consecration of
the new Church, aud the news had been circulated
far and wide, up and down the beautiful river upon
whose banks the building stands. The day was
most beautiful—one of those rich Southern days
which has just enough of winter in it to take off the
tireeness of no almost tropical sun. Coming as it
did, too, just after the wet and severely cold weather
which has made this winter memorable, it enticed
out all those whom mere curiosity might lead to
such a scene. As tlie consecration was to be pre
coded by the baptism of Some candidates, we took
boat at an early hour of the day and had a very
pleasant voyage up the Ogeeehee. This is a broad
stream and unlike most of the Southern rivers, clear
and brilliant in the sunlight. As we turned a point
in our voyage, the little Church burst UDon our view
across a wide sheet of water, standing fike a guar
dian angel amid these children of the sun. When
we reached the Church we found it a very neat and
well finished edifice, capable of containing about
JOO persons, fitted up with all the conveniences ne
cessary for a eomlortable place of worship, Vestry,
Cham el, Lecterns, Ae. As it makes pretension to
uo architectural beauties, wc shall waste no time iu
an enumeration of its points, merely saying, that it
is quite suitable to its purpose, and that when sur
mounted by its steeple and bell (which we trust
some liberal minded persons will help the Missiona-
Vry to) it will present a very church like appearance.
As we stood on the porch, we could already see
the signs of an approaching crowd. As tar as the
eye ocrold reach, across the fiat aud completely
opcu expanse of rice fields, were seen groups ot ne
groes iu their holiday finery, wending their way
from the various plantations, whose neat white
washed houses were pouring forth their inhabitants
to the festival. Some were on foot, some on horse*
and mules, and some iu carts and wagons. As soon
as the candidates for baptism had arrived, the bap
tismal service was commenced in the church by tho
Missionary, reading from the Chancel as far as the
prayer of consecration. A procession was then
formed, the Bishop at the head, and the congrega
tion moved, singing “Soldiers of Christ arise,” to
the place appointed for immersion. It was really a
beautiful sight. the Ministers of God leading the
van ; the candidates following clothed in white; the
rear brought up by along train of earnest, happy
looking servants, shouting out the praises ot the
Lord as only negroes know how to do it. Arrived
at the great fount of Nature, the Rev. Mr. Williams
walked up to his armpits in the water, still very
cold from the late bitter weather, and was followed
by his assistants. The Bishop read the prayer of
consecration and Mr. Williams baptized by immer
sion the candidates whom he had prepared for tho
sacrament. Never was I more struck, with the ar
gument against immersion "nb inconrrnicnli ” than
upon this occasion, lmt so ingrained is immersion
into the hearts of these people, that it cannot be dis
pensed with.
By the time the baptism was over, an immense
crowd was collected, and still were they coming
from every direction, by land and water, servants
and owners, all mingling together in one tribute to
tho occasion. Had any one doubted the interest of
the planters in the religious instruction of their ne
groes, they might have been this day satisfied ot
their mistake. Many ot them were present, with
beaming, happy faces, rejoiciug in the spiritual wel
fare of their people. The Church was very soon
crowded to its utmost extent, and with great diffi
culty whs the aisle kept vacant for the movement
of the procession. As large a congregation was
seated around, as within the Church, and when the
Bishop moved from the Vestry, he passed through
dense masses of people, until received at the en
trance of the Church by the individuals appointed
as officers of the Churcn by the Missionary. The
service was read by the Rev. Mr. Williams, as was
also the Sentence of Consecration. The building
was consecrated under the name of St. James’s
Church, Great Ogeeehee, and long may it stand a
light among these Gentiles, who are now Hocking as
doves to their windows.
At the close of the Morning Prayer, the candidates
for confirmation wen* invited forward, when one
hundred and forty-eight presented themselves. As
t hey rose, it looked as if almost the whole congrega
tion was about to move forward. Ir was an affect
ing sight to see so many dedicating themselves to
the Lord, most of them in the prime of life, and
thus rewarding the faithful, long enduring devoted
ness of their Pastor. After ten years of hard work,
Mr. Williams is now reaping the fruits of his perse
vering faith, and henceforward his label's will be
cheered by the sympathy and affection ot a devoted
Hock. Confirmation is taking a stiong hold upon
these people, and they are beginning to recognize
it as an institution of the Bible. As one of them
said with a patrouiziug air to Mr. Williams, “Par
son. when the Bishop tirst talked to us about con
firnmtion, I did not believe in it much, but after
wards I studied it in my Bible, and Parson I it’s da
its da, Parson!”
The great number of candidates for confirmation,
ami the long time which the laying on of hands oc
cupied, left but a little while for anything else. The
wearv Bishop addressed a few words of encourage
ment and exhortation to the newly confirmed, aud
impressed upon those who had been appointed offi
cers of the Church, the responsibility of their po
sition as examples and guides to the flock. With
the Episcopal blessing was dismissed this throng of
truly interested and earnest worshippers, ami soon
wore they seen in happy groups scattering home
wards, some by laud auli some by water.
Additional Mexican News.—The Bishop of
Puebla has addressed a long communication to the
l*re»ldent, to vindicate hi* conduct in the revolution
of Haro y Tamoriz. He admits having loaned mo
ney, but denies having aided ;n anv other manner
to advance lus cause. The reply of the Minister of
Justice is stinging, handling toe Bishop without
gloves, and showing most conclusively that without
the assistance of the clergy there would have been
blood shed.
Z« nnan. of the La Paz expedition to Lower Cali
foruia, has gone to the State of the Guerrero to coa
ler with General Alvarez, but the General has re
fused to hold any iutercouse with him. In a note to
Zcnnan he says, among other tiiiugs : "Abusing mv
name, you have attempted to make me an object of
ridicule, in gratuitously supposing that 1 approved
of the expedition which you took to Lower Califor
nia. Such conduct is worthy of a man who beArs
upon him the base mark of a filibuster.” On the
other hand, it is said that the American Minister has
peremptorily demanded the immediate release of
the bant Rebecca Adams, captured along with Zer
tnau anil the Americans.
Nearly two hundred prisoners, who were officers
with Haro v Tamariz, have been sent to the State of
Guerrero, for safe keep, where General Alvarez has
objected to keep them, alleging a want of funds and
of ability to keep them quiet Accounts received
trom them represent their condition as deplorable,
be.ug reduced to absolute want, which lias to be
supplied by public and private charity
A;, apprehensions of an inundation in the capital,
trom an overflow of the lakes have been happily re
moved. Ashock ot an earthquake has been expe
neiM’t dhi the oil v sin. r last accounts. Restrictions
on the liberty ot the pre** are being gradually taken
off. and some hues imposed ou editors have been
remitted.
IU ilping in the Middle or a River The
Sootheni Michigan A Northern Railroad Company
has just completed a stupendous work, at Toledo
its eastern t* rmiims, in the shape of buddings f or
the accommodation of the large aud increasing ba*i
ocas of that corporation. The middle of the Mau
mee River has been filled np. and formed into an island
and where but a short time ago the water flowed to
the depth of twelve feet, there now stands an immense
Passenger Depot, 400 feet long by 160 feet wide,
built of brick, and having on its front two fine
ly proportioned towers, 83 feet high. The structure
is div.-ded into two parts—the Depot proper, and a
first das* hotel, the “Island House.* which is four
stories high. The Depot proper is 300 tect long by
160 wide, and has iu it twelve railroad tracks. Oth
er large r buildings have becnj constructed
on the grounds, which iu ail comprise* about twen
ty-three acres
The Buy Iftlftidft.
Mr. Milner Gibeon. M. P. for Manchester, having
asked for the re publication of the official warrant
erecting Ruatan and other islands in the Bay of
Honduras into a British Colony, the fallowing docu
ment was issued from the Colonial Office on the ?th
ult :
Return to an address of the Honorable the House
«»f Commons, dated l*Jth of March. 18.V6.
11. Labouchere.
Colonial Office. 4th April, 1856.
Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed.
April 7, lHoft.
V\ arrant to prepare letters patent under the great
seal for i-reeting the islands of Ruatan. See., in
U»e Bay of Honduras, into a colony, under the
name of "Bay Islands,” and for granting a char
ter to the said colony.
Victoria, by the grace of God, of the United King
dom of Great Britain and Ireland. Queen. Defender
of the Faith, to our right trusty and well-beloved
Councillor, Edward Burtenshaw, Baron Saint Leon
ard.;, our Chancellor of that part of our said United
Kingdom called Great Britain, greeting. We wili
and command, that under our great seal of our said
United Kingdom (remaining in your custody,) you
c ause these our letters to be made forthwith patent
in form following :
Victoria, by the grace of God. of the United King
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender
of the Faith, to all to whom these presents shall
come, greeting:
Whereas it hath been represented unto us that the
islands of Ruatan, Bonacca, Utilia, Helene, Barbu
rat, and Moxat, in the Bay of Honduras, are inhabi
ted by divers subjects of our crown, who are rapidly
increasing in numbers, and we have therefore deem
ed it expedient to make provision for the govern
ment of the settlement or settlements already form
ed and to be formed in these islands :
1. Now, know ye that we, of our especial grace,
certain knowledge, and mere motion, have thought
fit to erect, and do hereby erect, the said islands
of Ruatan, Bonacca, Utilia, Helene, Barbarat, and
Ms >xat, and their dependencies, into a colony, and I
the same are hereby erected into a colony accord
ingly.
1. And we do hereby declare that the said inslamls
shull be known and designated as the colony of the
“Bay Islands.”
3. And we do hereby constitute and appoint our
Captain-General and Govemor-iu-Chief for the time
being in and over our island of Jamaica, or the offi
cer for the time being administering the government
of our said island, to be Governor and Cornmander
in-Chief for the time being of our said colony of the
Bay Islands, so erected as aforesaid, and of all foils
and garrisons erected and established, or which
shall be erected and established, within the said eolo
ny.
4. And we do hereby require and command our
said Governor for the time being to do and execute
all things in due manner that shall belong to his
said command, and the trust we have reposed in
him, according to the several powers, provisions
and directions granted or appointed him by these
our letters patent and, the instructions under our
sign manual and signet, herewith given him, or
according to such further powers, directions,
and authorities as shall at any time hereafter be
granted or appointed him by any letters patent un
der the great seal of our United Kingdom of Gr6at
Britain and Ireland, or by any instructions which
may hereafter from time to time be given under the
sign manual of us, our heirs and successors or by
our order in our Priiy Council or by us, through
one of our principal Secretaries of State, and accor
ding to such reasonable laws and statutes as shall
hereafter be made and agreeed upon by our said
Governor, with the advice and consent of the Gene
ral Assembly of our said colony.
o. And we do hereby give and grant unto our
Governor for the time being full power aud authori
ty, from time to time as need shall require, to sum
mon and call general assemblies of the male inhabi
tants to our said colony and its independencies,
such male inhabitants being British subjects, and of
full age, in such manner and form, and authorities
as are granted or appointed by oar general instruc
tions accompanying these our letters patent, oi ac
cording to such further powers instructions, aud uu
thorities as shall be at any time hereafter granted
or appointed under our sign manual and signet, or
by our order in our Privy Council, or by us through
one of our principal Secretaries of State; and our
will and pleasure is, that every person who shall be
qualified as aforesaid, and who shall be the owners
of lauds, tenements, or hereditamends, within the
said colony, and who shall be able to read and write
English, snail be eligible us a representative in the
< icneral Assembly of our said colony; and that the
twelve persons thereupon duly elected by the ma
jority of such inhabitants, in such manner as is here
inafter by our said instructions provided, shall, before
their sitting, take the oath of allegiance, which oath
our Govenor shall tender and administer, or shall
commission fit persons, under the public seal of our
said colony and its independencies, t o tender and
administer unto them ; and until the same shall be
so taken, no person shall be capable of sitting,
though sous so elected aud qualified shall constitute
the first General Assembly of our colony of the Bay
Islands.
G. And our will and the pleasure is, that at the
expiration of one year from the first election of such
representatives as aforesaid, the three representa
tives who shall have been elected by the least number
of votes shall vacate their seats; aud that in case
by reason of any such representative having been
elected by an equal number of votes, it be uncer
tain which of such representatives should vacate
his seat, the Governor shall cause such question to
be determined by lot ; aud that in like manner at
the end of the second year from the said first elec
tion the three representatives elected at such first
election by the next smallest number of votes shall
vacate their seats, with the like provision in case of
equality of votes ; and so ou from year to year un
til the whole of the twelve original representatives
shall have vacated their seats , and that afterwards
the three representatives who shall have sat longest
in the Assembly shall annually vacate their seats ut
such period as aforesaid.
7. And that on every occasion when three repre
sentatives shall in this manner vacate their seats, a
general election by the inhabitants of the colony,
qualified as aforesaid, shall take place for the pur
pose of supplying iheir places; and that the form
and manner of such general election shall be as fol
lows :—Every elector qualified as aforesaid, shall
be entitled to give three votes, and shall be entitled
(at his discretion) to give such three votes to three
separate candidates, or to give such two votes, or all
of them, to one candidate ; and such votes shall be
given by the voter giving or sending to the return
ing officer a paper containing the names of such can
didate or candidates, and the number of votes
which he intends to give to each of them, signed by
himself, or with his mark, attested by a creditable
witness, and that in ruse any two candidates have
an equal number of votes, the question between
them shall be determined by lot, as aforesaid.
8. And that whenever any vacancy shall occur in
the said Assembly, by death or resignation, or by
any other cause, widen may, by any ordinance of the
said Governor and Assembly be declared to vacate
a seat in the said Assembly, a particular election
shall take place to supply such vacancy iu like
manner, mu tat is mutandis, with the general elec
tions, as hereinbefore specified: provided always,
that every representative elected at any such par
ticular election shall vacate his seat when the mem
ber in whose place he is elected, would have vacated
it iu the regular course, according to the tenor of
these presents : provided further, that if the Gover
nor shall, in the exercise of the power hereinafter re
served to him, at any time dissolve such Assembly,
n general election of twelve members shall take
place in the same manner and form ns the first gene
ral election, hereinbefore mentioned; and that all
the provisions hereinbefore contained, respecting
the vacating of seats and tilling up of vacancies, shall
apply mu fat is mutandis to the Assembly elected on
such dissolution
P. And it is our will and pleasure that the Assem
bly shall have lull power to elect a presiding mem
ber, and to make from time to time standing rules
and orders for the conduct of business; and that
four members of the Assembly (exclusive of the
member presiding in the said Assembly) shall form
a quorum for the transaction of business ; and that
ail questions which may arise in the said Assem
bly shall be decided by a majority of the votes of the
members present, other than the presiding mem
ber, and that when the votes are equal the presiding
member shall have the casting vote.
10. Provided always, that it shall be competent
for the said Governor and Assembly, by ordinance,
to alter the provisions hereinbefore contained re
specting the qualifications of voters and candidates,
the mode of conducting elections and supplying va
cancies, the duration of the functions of representa
tives, and the mode of conducting business iu such
Assembly ; and further, to establish, when they
shall deem it expedient, a second House of Legisla
ture, and to define the powers thereof.
11. And our will and pleasure is, tlmt our Govern
or for the time being, by and with the advice and
consent of our said Assembly, or the major part of
them, shall have full power and authority to make,
constitute and ordain laws, statutes, and ordinances,
for the public j.eaee, welfare and good government
ot our said colony, and the people and inhabitants
thereof, and such others as snail resort thereto, and
for the benefit of us, our boil's and successors, which
said laws, statutes, and ordinances are not to be re
pugnant , but as near as may be agreeable to the
laws and statutes of this our United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland.
I*2. Provided always, that no bill for the granting
of supplies to Her Majesty ; or for the imposition
of any impost, rate, or pecuniary burden upon the
inhabitants of the said colony, shall be introduced
into the said Assembly, unless upon implication by
the Governor, or on bis behalf, specifying the ser
vice for which such supply, impost, rate, or burden
are required.
13. Provided further, that all such laws, statutes,
ami ordinances, of what nature or duration soever,
be transmitted to us in the manner specified in our
said instructions, under the public seal of our said
colony, for our approbation or disallowance of
the same, as also duplicates thereof, by the next
conveyance. And in case any or all of the laws,
statutes and ordinances, not before confirmed by
us, shall at auv time be disallowed and not ap
proved, and so signified by us, our heirs or succes
sors. under our or their sign manuel and signet, or
by order of our or their privy council unto our
Governor for the time being, of our said colony,
then such and so many of the said laws, statutes
nud ordinances as shall be so disallowed and not
approved, shall from thenceforth cease, determine,
and become utterly void and of none effect; any
thiug to the contrary thereof notwithstanding.—
And to the end that nothing may be passed or done
by our said Assembly to the prejudice of us, our
hen's or successors, we will aud ordain that our Gov
ernor for the time being, shall have and euiov a
negative voice in the making and passing such laws,
statutes and ordinances as aforesaid. And it is our
further will aud pleasure, that our said Governor
shall and may. from time to time, as he shall judge
it necessary .prorogue or dissolve all such general
assemblies as aforesaid.
14. And we do hereby authorize and empower
the Governor for the time being of our saia colo
ny, to keep and use the public seal of our said
colony.
10. And we do hereby give aud g.ant to our Go
vernor for the time being of our said colony, full
power and authority iu our u&me. and on our behalf,
Out subject, nevertheless, to such provisions as may
be contained in any instructions to be given to our
said Covernor iu that respect, to make and execute
in our name, and under tne public seal of our said
colony, grants of lands to us belonging within our
said colony, to private persons for Uieir own use and
benefit, or to any persons, bodies politic or corpo
rate. iu trust of the public uses of our said subjects
there resident, or any of them.
16. Audwed«» hereby authorize aud empower
our Governor for the time being in and over our
said colony, to present to the Bishop of the diocese
of Jamaica for institution any person or persons to
any churches, chapels, or otuer ecclesiastical bene
fices within our said colony, as often as any of them
shall happen to be void.
17. And we do hereby grant unto the Governor
for the time being of our said eolouy, full power aud
authority to constitute aud appoint" judges, and in
cases requisite, commissioners of oyer and termi
ner. justices of the peace, sheriffs, and other neces
sary officers and ministers in our said colony, for the
better administration of justice and putting the laws
in execution, and all such other officers and minis
ters as may lawfully be appointed bv us ; it being
nevertheless. our pleasure that all such appoint
meuts as aforesaid shall be provisional only till our
pleasure shall be known.
And we do hereby give and grant unto the
C*o\ emor for the time being of our said colony, full
*Qthoritv. in case anv person or persons
appointed by ns to any office or
etne 6 * within said colony from which thev may be
C b - v “■ ohall IU hU opinioi *>*
unfit to continue m our service, to snsi«nd such
p«*ou or persons from hi. or their severnHmploy-
X’ l And we do hereby give and graut unto our
t.ov. roor for the tune luring of our said colour full
power and authority, where be rhall see cause, or
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING. MAY *2B. 1856.
shall deem auv offender or offenders in criminal
r matters fit objects of our mercy, or shall see fit to
[ remit any fines or forfeitures due unto us, to pardon
f such offender or offenders, and to remit such fines
and forfeitures.
i 20. And we do hereby give aud gi ant unto the
Governor for the time being of our said colony, full
power and authority, without expecting any ’ furth
er special warrant from us, from tune to time’ to give
order aud warrant for the preparing of grants of the
custody as such idiots aud lunatics and their estates,
as are or shall be found by iuquisition thereof taken
or to be taken and returnable in oir Court of j
Chancery, aud thereupon to make and pass grants
and commitments unaer the public seal of our said
colony, of the custody of all such idiots ami lunatics
and their estates to such person or persons, suitors
in that behalf, as according to the rules of law, and
the use and practice in these and like cases, he shall
meet for that trust: the said grauts and com
mitments to be made in >uch manner and form, or
as nearly as may. be as hath been heretofore used
and accustomed in uiakiug the same, under the
great seal of this our united Kingdom of Great Bri
ain and Ireland, and to contain such apt and con
venient covenants, provisions, and agreement on
the part of the committees and grantees to be per
formed, and such security to be by them given as
shall be requisite and needful.
21. And our further will and pleasure is, that all
public moneys raised, or which shall be raised by
any act or ordinance made or hereafter to be made
within our said colony, be issued out by warrant
from the Governor for the time being of our said
colony, and be disposed of for the support of the go
vornment of the said colony, or for such other pur
poses as shall be particularly directed and appoint
ed in and by such act of ordinance, and not other
-22. And whereas our Governor for the time being
of our said colony, can rarely be present within the
same, we hereby declare our will and pleasure to be
that the government thereof shall be administered
during his absence by a Lieutenant Governor, to be
appointed in manner hereinafter stated to whom we
do hereby grant all such powers aud authorities us
by these our letters patent are granted to, and vest
ted in our said Governor for the time being.
23. And we do hereby authorize and empower
our Governor for the time being, in and over our
said colony, by a warrant under his hand and seal,
to constitute and appoint the Lieutenant Governor
thereof: it being, nevertheless, our pleasure that
such appointment shall be provisional only, until
our pleasure shall be known.
24. And we do further declare and ordain, that
the Lieutenant Governor for the time being ad
ministering the government of the said colony shall,
in the discharge of such his office, correspond with
our said Governor on all subjects connected with the
administration of said colony, and conform to and
observe such instructions as shall for that purpose
be addressed to him by our Governor for the time
being, in and over our said colony, in the execution
of these, our letters patent.
25. And whereas, it is necessary, that provision
be also made for the execution of these, our letters
patent, in the event of the death, incapacity or ab- ,
senee of the said Lieutenant-Governor from the
said colony ; now, therefore, we do further declare •
our pleasure to be, that in the event of the death,
incapacity or absence of the suid Lieutenant-Gover
nor from the said colony, all and every, the powers ;
and authorities hereby vested in him shall there- (
upon be, and the same are hereby, in any such
event, and until our pleasure shall be further signi- <
fied, vested in such person as may in manner afore- J
said be appointed by our said Governor to be the \
presiding magistrate of the said colony.
2G. And we do further direct and enjoin that these j
our letters patent be read and proclaimed within our (
said colony.. ,
27. And we do hereby require and command all (
officers, civil and military, and all others the iuhabi- ,
tauts of our said colony, to be obedient, aiding, aud j
assisting unto our said Governor or Lieutenant- g
Governor of our said colony, or presiding magistrate j
of our said colony, in the execution of these our let- f
ter* patent, aud of the powers and authorities here- j
in contained.
28. And we do hereby reserve to us, our heirs and t
successors, full power and authority, from time to r
time, to revoke, alter or amend these our letters ,
patent, as to us or them shall seem meet. t
In witness, &c., witness, &e.
Given at our Court at Buckingham Palace, this *
20th of March. 1852, in the fifteenth year of our j
reign. By her Majesty’s command. .
John S. Pakington. {
The Territory of Utah—Mormon tain. |
Letters received from the City of Great Salt Lake,
shadow forth the probable fact that this Territory,
the stronghold of Mormonism, will shortly appear
at the bar of Congress, and demand admission as
one of the States of the American Confederacy.—
Without having reflected much on the subject, it
strikes us, at first view, as a question of deep po
litical interest, which may possibly encounter some
difficulty of solution ; involving, as it does, moral
and religious considerations of the highest novelty
and importance, at war with the long settled opin
ions and practices of the people of the United
States, and having a direct bearing on the well
being of society, as now constituted. This singular
people, now numbering some (>O,OOO souls, and daily
increasing bv emigration from Europe, as well as
accessories from our people, have quietly and al
most unobservedly attained their present power
and condition in the Western wilderness, a thou
sand miles midway between California and Missou
ri. The mass of our people have hitherto known
but little of them, and eared less, regarding them as
an insignificant horde of fanatical zealots, herded to
gether because of their persecutions in Missouri and
Illinois : and rather united by a sense of weakness
and connimn danger, than the inherent force and
power of their religious doctrines, and liable to be
broken up and dispersed in a short time, by their
anomalous character and the pressure of surround
ing influences.
They have read the revelations of Heaven to Joe
Smith, the founder of the sect, when a youth of fif
teen years of age—of the miraculous discovery in
1827 of the “ nates like gold ” containing theboly
record of the Book of Mormon, inscribed in the
Egyptian character, hid in the hill of Cumornh—of
their singular laws, manners, customs and religion ;
and more especially, of their obscene and elaborate
modes of scaling the married rites, as now practised
under the holy sanction and authority of the elders
of their church—of their wonderful thrift and energy
by which they have made an Eden of a Zahara,
built a large walled city and caused roses and cereals
to bloom in the native home of the thorn and the
thistle. All these things have doubtless been noted
by the people of the United States, as well as their
extensive Missionary arrangements for spreading
their doctrines in foreign lands and “ the Isles of the.
but without much reflection as to future con
sequences.
Twenty years have rolled away since this sect
was founded by Joe Smith, and they are not yet a
dispersed people, but are daily acquiring new
power, and now constitute a political community al
most, if not quite, of sufficient size to be entitled,
under the constitution, to admission into the Union
as a sovereign State, and to participate in making
laws for a people who repudiate, with abhorrence,
their social and religious system ; more especially
that feature of it which not only tolerates and sanc
tions a plurality of wives, but justifies aud encour
ages the intermarriage of persons closely allied by
the ties of consanguinity as necessary, in the case
of the ministry especially, for the perpetuation of a
pure priesthood. Such principles anu practices are
not only repugnant to the laws and doctrines of the
Christian religion which we so highly prize, but are
horrible and detestable violations ot the laws of na
ture—and the admissions of such a people to the
rights of State sovereignty, really becomes a great
moral and political question, on which the minds of
the people should be brought to bear.
How will it resolve itself? The Constitution, if
they have the requisite population, imposes no im
pediment to their admission on the ground of their
religion, be they Turks, Jews or Infidels ; Mahome
dans, Brahmins, or followers of Joe Smith; for Con
gress has no power respecting the establishment of
religion. It is true that instrument says new States
may be admitted into the Union ; but possibly, since
the great debate on the Missouri question, the word
may is construed to mean shall, the only require
ments being sufficient population to claim represen
tation in Congress and the presentation of a Consti
tution not conflicting in its political elements with
the Constitution of the United States; and that,
too, irrespective of their domestic institutions.
In that debate, if we recollect aright, it was said
by the great Baltimorean, Win. Pinkney, (in refer
ring to the assumption by the opponents of Missou
ri, that they had a discretionary power to admit or
reject, as well as to restrict,) “that it was a power—
a wilderness of powers—over which, ns a bridge,
the General Government must cross to break down
the sovereignties of the States, ns Xerxes crossed
the Hellespont, l the liberties of Greece to yoke.' ”
The case of these Mormons is certainly a peculiar
one, such as never was contemplated by the framers
of the Constitution, and may give rise to serious
difficulty. It is to be hoped, however, that there
will exist no embarrasment which cannot be obvia
ted ; but we should regard the incorporation of 60,.
000 debased and bigoted polygamists into a State
sovereignty, unless with a restriction, as an unmix
ed evil, the future effects of which cannot be well
estimated.
There exists no difficulty in the whole matter, but
taking a general view of the evils likely to flow
from the political fusion with our people of so large
a body of them adhering to such practices as are
interwoven with their religion, and looking to their
influence on future legislation and public morals, it
seems to us a subject worthy of public reflection
and exmanination. In fact, the simple problem of
what we shall do to get rid of such a people, or to
eradicate their noxions doctrines, is, in itself, a great
question, irrespective of political considerations,
when we reflect on the history of all fanatical zea
lots, and call to mind their adhesiveness, obstinacy
and pertinacity —Baltimore Patriot.
The Flower Girl of Florence.— ltaly is still
the land of flowers, according to the Florence cor
respondent of the Newark Advertiser, who thus
gracefully describes the Flower Girl:
Whatever be the fcsla in Italy, flowers show it.—
No where are these "smiles of God” so prized, so
cultivated, so lavished ; and there must be redeem
ing virtue in the heart of a nation thus fond of flow
el's. All the year round some kinds represent the
“ City of Flowers.” The Fioragia , or Flower-girl,
is a necessary part of every Florentine picture.—
She is herself a picture, with the front of her broad
brim Tuscan hat turned coquettishly back, and the
blooming basket on her arm—smiling like May to
every passer by, and scattering sweet tokens as lav
ishly as if she were Flora's self, and could produce
them from her own bosom. For never does the
genuine flower girl ask you to buy her favors, and
she waives as sunny an addio to him who takes her
gift in earnest, as to him who understands its solid
meaning. And her buon gior/io is too gracious ever
to be umetumed. One would say that she fed on
flowers, such sweetness drops from her lips ; and if,
in every case, she be less blooming than her flowery
reputation makes her, she is never less pleasing;
even when pressing her blossoms on you, her very
importunity is irresistible ; and if all her gentleness
Ik? iu appearance only, who would spoil an agreea
ble allusion by suspecting it 1
A Nation os the Sea. —According to the an’
nuai re port of the American Seamen’s Friend So
ciety, tne tonnage of American vessels in 1830 was
1,191.776 tons : number of American seamen and
watermen, including navy, a little over ninety
thousand. In 1855, the tonnage had increased to
5,21*2,000 tons, and the number of seamen to nearly
four hundred thousand—both having more than
quadrupled iu one-fourth of a century. Forty years
ago the British commercial marine’ was *2,61*6,965
tons, employing 17*2,786 seamen. Its tonnage is
now 5,043/27*0. and its seamen, including navy, near
ly 400,000. Britain has thus doubled in a little less
than half a century. America has quadrupled in a
quarter of a century, and is now. in tonnage
and seamen, the first maritime power in the workL
It is stated in the same document from which we
derive these facts, that the commerce, tonnage, and
seamen of the world have much more than doubled
during the last forty years. Every thing, it is add
ed. indicates a more rapid increase in the future. It
is predicted that before the close of the present cen
tury, the 150,000 vessels of the civilized world will
have become 300,000, and their fifteen millions of
tonnage thirty millions, and their miLhon and a half
of seamen three millions. "A nation dwelling on
the sea. drawn from every other, uniting every
other, diffusing its life and spirit, and energy,
through every other ; vet, peculiar to itself, a unit
iu itself, separate from all tne rest, dwelling alone
on the sea.— Richmond Dispatch.''
Journal in the Hawaiian Language.— The
first number of a secular weekly journal printed in
the Hawaiian language has appeared. It is entitled
“Ka Hae Hawaii,* or the Hawaiian Banner. It
appears under the auspices of the Board of Educa
tion. The first number contains two article by His
1 Majesty, King Kamehama
\ienr.»«nn Meeting in Nashville.
The former fellow townsmen of Gen. Walker as
‘ sembled in the Market House, Nashville, on the 17th
inst., to express their sympathy in his cause, and
that of his noble little army. Many of the most
respectable citizens were present, say® the Union
and American, from whose columns we gather the
following interesting account of the proceedings :
The meeting was organized by the appointment
of Dr. C. K. Winston, Chairman, on motion of R.
W. McGavock, Esq.,l and Megan*. Andrew Ewing
Dr. Felix Roberston. R. B. Castleman and Neil S.
Brown, Vice Presidents, and H. K. Walker Secre
tary.
f>r. Winston, on taking the Chair, addressed the
the meeting, in explanation of the object, iu tones of
fired eloquence.
Hon. Neil S. Brown being loudly called for, res
ponded in a short speech, highly eulogistic of the
character of Gen. Walker, and commendatory of the
cause in which he was now engaged.
On motion of W. R. Cox, Esq., a committee was
appointed to prepare resolutions expressive of the
meeting.
The committee after consolation reported the fol
lowing preamble and resolutions which were adop
ted with unanimous acclamation:
Whereas, Recent events in Central America have
illustrated the importance to the citizens of the Uni
ted States of attaining to greater security for the
lives and property of our people in their passage
across the Isthmus; and Whereas, It is manifest
that we cannot rely with any degree of certainty
upon the imbecile governments which have hither
to controled that important highway of our com
merce, and especially when their councils are gov
erned and directed by European influence, adverse
to our prosperity and growth as a nation: and
Whereas , The Government recently established by
Gen. Wm. Walker, in conjunction with the Repub
lican party of Nicaragua, offers the only hope of
securing a permanent and friendly policy’ towards
the Government and people of the United States ;
therefore,
Resolved. , That the recognition by our Govern
ment of the Nicaraguan Republic meets our un
qualified approbation.
k Resolved, That tlic recent massacre of unoffend big
citizens of the United States' at Panama. Jind Lake
Nicaragua, and the interference ot the Government
of Great Britain in the affairs of Central America,
by furnishing arms for the Costa Rican forces, in
their unprovoked war against Nicaragua, demon
strate tlie imperative necessity for such an inter
ference, on the part of the people and Government
of the United States, as will secure the future per
manent safety of our citizens and the security of
their property, during their transit across the Isth
mus, and also prevent European powers from estab
lishing or maintaining dominion, either in their own
name, or clandestinely through irresponsible local
Governments, over any portion of Central Ame
rica.
Resolved, That wc, the neighbors and acquaint
ances of Gen. Wm. Walker, the distinguished chief
of the Republican army of Nicaragua, deem the
present a ht occasion to declare our high apprecia
tion of his qualities as a man, and to give expression
to our heartfelt sympathy for the noble cause in
which he is engaged. Born, reared, and educated ;
in our midst he has ever maintained the character (
of an honest and honorable man. A graduate of the 1
University of Nashville, and for several years a .
student at Paris, where he devoted himself to the
acquisition of knowledge, his intellectual endow
meats, his literary attainments, and varied know
ledge, his nice sense of honor, his distinguished gal j
lantry and his Republican principles eminently *
qualify him for the task of regenerating a people }
cursed with all the evils of a bad government, and t
conferring upon them the blessings of freedom and i
security under the operation of wise and beneficent c
laws. He left his home and native land without a i
spot or blemish upon his character, and we who r \
know him well, feel sure that whatever may be his t
future career, he will do nothing to tarnish the t
brightness of his fame. c
Resolved , That while it has always been the prac- c
tice of European Governments to seize upon the i
Tei ritory of their less powerful neighbors; with a j
view to enslave their inhabitants and to enrich t
themselves by their spoil, the efforts of the Repub
lican Gen. Walker, and his associates, are directed
to the noble purpose of conferring the blessings of
Freedom, Stability and Equal Laws upon a peo
ple who have never been possessed of either, and
that while the former are justified by no law, ex
cept the law of force, the conduct of the latter
commends itself to the regard of every lover of
Liberty.
W. N. Niblo, Esq., next addressed the crowd, en
tering quite at length upon the discussion of prin
ciples of national policy, condemning the course of
the administration in not recognizing Col. French,
the first Minister accredited from Nicaragua to this
government.
He was followed by R. W. McGavock, who elo
quently spoke of las personal acquaintance with
Gen. Walker ; defended the course of the adminis
tration, and expressed in strong terms his sympathy
for the cause in which he was engaged, and his
hearty hope for its success.
Col. Gardenhire, of White county, being present,
was called for, but after expressing his co-operation
in sentiment with the speeches already delivered,
excused himself from a speech.
Hon. Edwin H. Ewing, being frequently and
loudly called for, appeared and made a most feel
ing, eloquent and able address in approval of the
enthusiasm manifested in the cause, to sympathise
with which the meeting had assembled. Mr.
Ewing spoke of the relationship that existed be
tween himself and General Walker, he (Gen. W.)
having, when a very young man, read law in his
office, of his studious habits, unpretending man
ners and great acquirements, in terms of highest
commendation. lie further spoke of the influence
of American industry, energy and enterprise, in
reclaiming from the desolation, which an effete
race of mongrel Spaniards, negroes and Indians had
produced in the fertile and beautiful land, which
was now the object of such universal and peculiar
interest.
He was followed by Judge West H. Humphreys,
who gave a most interesting account of the intes
tine struggles which have desolated the fair plains
of Nicaragua for many years. He also spoke of
the importance of obtaining a stable and responsible
government in that country, to protect the im
mense commercial interests which arc daily being
more fully developed, depending upon transit
across the Isthmus. The speaker further eulogized
the personal character of General Walker, and the
cause of democratic republicanism in Central
America.
Speeches were also made by Hon. Judge Turner,
Jno. G. Ferguson, Esq., I). R. Claiborne, Esq., Col.
V. K. Stevenson, R. W. Haywood, Esq., and W.
R. Cox, Esq.
Throughout the meeting, which continued until a
late hour, the greatest enthusiasm prevailed.
The Gold and Silver Wealth of flic World.
The Augsburg Al’gemeine Zeitung. of the 18th
of April, contains a notice of a work by the Russian
Councillor of State, Narces Tarrassenko Otresch
koff, entitled, “Gold and Silver, their origin, and the
amount extracted from all countries or the known
world, from the most remote times till the year
1855.” We translate the following extracts from
the work:
The amount of gold and silver annually taken
from the mines of Europe, including Russia, is 26,-
805 kilogrammes of the former, (2 7-10 pounds to the
kilogramme,) and 161,444 kilogrammes of the latter,
valued together at $25,000,000.
In America, including California, the annual pro
duct is 169,834 kilogrammes of gold and 755,180
kilogrammes of silver, worth, in all, $146,000,000.
In Asia, the annual product is 2,700 kilogrammes
of gold, and 110,000 of silver, amounting in value
to $22,000,000.
In Africa, no silver mines are wrought, and only
4,020 kilogrammes of gold are produced, valued at
$2,600,000.
Australia, too, yields no silver, but the annual pro
duct of gold amounts to 290,360 kilogrammes,
valued at $200,000,000.
Sum total in all parts of the world, 510,199 kilo
grammesof gold, and 1,026,624 kilogrammes of sil
ver, valued together at 1,988,000,000 francs, or over
$397,000,000. The whole sum extracted from the
earliest times lip to the present, will amount to
15,314,653 kilogrammes of gold, and 254,410,1 T oof
silver, worth together something more than $20,-
536,000,000.
The increase in the production of gold and sil
ver is enormous, and we shall, at present rates,
gain more in this respect in fifty years, than our
ancestors did in fifty centuries.’ The fact that so
large an amount of the precious metals as has been
thrown into circulation during the last few years has
exercised so little influence on the money market,
has not yet been satisfactorily explained.
As already mentioned, the author values the
whole amount of the precious metals in circulation
at $20,536,000,000. Os this sum there had been ex
tracted, at the birth of Jesus Christ, 2,245,265 kilo
grammes of gold, and 63,630,123 killogrammes of
silver, valued at $4,3*28,000,000.
The following is a table showing the amount of
gold and silver that lias been extracted during va
rious periods, from the birth of Christ down to the
year 1855 :
Gold. Silver. Value.
Kilo. Kilo. Francs.
From A. C. to 149*2 6,123,711 13,66*2,107 23,459,000,000
149*2 to 1810 3,856,487 137,096,830 40,523,000,000
1810 to 18*25 270,190 6.237.414 2,288,000.000
“ 1825 to 1848 863,514 16,715,923 6,598,000,000
1848 to 1851 339.535 3,013,411 1,803,000,000
“ 1851 to 1855 1,615,654 4,054,362 6,375,000,000
The gold product has steadily increased to swell
the amount. The yearly gain increased from the
first period (149*2 till the birth of Christ) till the sec
ond period (1492 till 1810), from 4,106 to 12,477 kilo
grammes. In the next period of fifteen years (1810
to 1825) it increased nearly 50 per cent., viz: 18,012
kilogrammes. In the fourth period the annual gain
was 37,544, and in the fifth 113,178 kilogrammes.—
For several subsequent years the annual product
was 403,912 kilogrammes.
It will be seen how much tie silver gain has in
creased from the first to the second period. It fell
short in the tliird period and
increased again in the fourth 726,779, and in the
fifth 1,004,470 kilogrammes. The increase in the
yield of silver during the sixth period was only 9,120
kilogrammes.
The annual value of the gold and silver extracted
during the first period was barely 16,000,000 of
francs. It increased in the second period to 130,-
500,000, and in the third period to 152,500,000
francs, while it nearly doubled from 1825 till 1848,
increasing as it did to 280.000,000. Iu the next fol
lowing period, four years long, it more than
doubled, and amounted to 601,000,000 francs, and
in the last four years it has increased nearly 150 per
cent., and now amounts to 1,592,631,651 francs, or
$318,5*26,350.
The following table will show the amount of the
precious metals hitherto extracted from the different
countries on the globe:
Gold Silver. Total value.
Kilogrammes. Kilogrammes. Francs.
Europe 929,444 *23,896,106 8,414,000,000
Asia 7,058,938 72,366,362 42,70^.000.000
Africa 2,104,694 1,259,220 7,292,000.000
America 3,559,295 46,591,473 41,646.000,000
Australia 762,282 2,625,000^000
So that the total amount of gold and silver ex
tracted in America up to the close of the year 1855
is only about $20,000,000 less than the entire pro
duce of the Asiatic mines since the beginning of the
world, while it is already more than double the en
tire past yield of all the of Europe, Africa,
and Australia put together.—.V. Y. Evening Post.
Hon. R. P. Trippf..— We see that this popular
Representative in Congress, from the third district
in this State, has made a most favorable impression
at Washington, and especially among the friends of
the American cause. A few weeks ago he address
ed a large gathering at the Federal capitol, and
more recently he delivered what is described to be
an able an<f patriotic speech at Cumberland iu
Maryland, whither he baa been invited by a com
mittee of citizens.
We are not surprised at the position which Mr
Trippe has taken among intelligent naen at Wash
ington. He is a man of vigor, intelligent, of great
sagacity, and of the requisite moral and physical
courage to command respect, as well public as pri
vate. There are but few men in Congregg G s *hig
age. who give equal promise of distinction and use
fulness, or who possess in a happier combination the
elements which constitute a popular and intrepid
leader. The people of the third district have reason
to be proud of their representative, and if they will
but do their duty by him in the future thev will
have vet greater cause to rejoice in his elevation to
a seat m the national legislature.— Savannah, Re
publican.
Wm. Douglas, (Whig.) of Cooper countv, Mis
souri. was announced as a candidate for Congress in
the Fifth district. He is opposed bv Gen. Thoe. L.
Price, self-nominated ; aDd Sam. H. Woodson, the
nominee of the Americans. The Democrats have
nominated Maj. John S. Phelps for re-election to
Congress.
From the A. )\ Journal of Commerce.
The Din ml -of Ruatan.
h When the Convention between the United States
I and Great Britain, known ns the Clayton Bulwer
Treaty, was concluded in 1850, it was understood
1 between Sir Henry Bulwer and Mr. Clayton, that
i the provisions of the Convention should not extend
to the British settlement of Belize, in the State
of Honduras, nor to “the small islands in the neigh
borhood of that settlement, known as its depen
dencies. ” This exception was made on account
of the limited right of settlement for certain spe
cified objects, accorded to Great Britain bv the
Crown of Spain, by the treaty of 1783, aud the
supplementary Convention of 1786, and for the
purpose, also, of defining the limits of British
; sovereignty, protectorate, or settlement in Central
America.
In the course of the year 1851, a proclamation
was issued by the British Government, erecting the
islands of Ruatan. Bonacca, Utilia, Helene. Barba
rat, and Moxat, situated ou the coast of Central
America, into a Colony, under the name of the Bay
Islands. This proclamation was immediately fol
lowed by a Royal warrant, placeing these islands
under the government of the Governor of Jamiaca.
aud detailing the laws by which the government
was to be administered.
The island Ruatan is situated on the coast of the
State of Honduras, about forty miles from the Trux
illo; is healthy, fertile, and possesses large and com
modious harbors,- and great facilities for the erection
of strong fortifications. This island, together with
the five others included in the Colony of the Bay
Islands,” is claimed as one of the small islands in
the neighborhood of the English settlement of Be
lize, aud ns one of the dependencies of that settle
meut, although these islands are fully two hundred
miles distant from Belize, aud although they have
not and never had any geographical or political con
nection with that settlement, and are distinctly ad
jacent to, and obviously dependencies of, the Cen
tral American State of Honduras.
When this proclamation and warrant, by virtue
of which these islands on the coast of Honduras
were seized, colonized, and occupied by the British,
were made known in this country, our government
naturally regarded it as an open* violation of the
Clayton Bulwer convention, and as a direct contra
diction and annulment of the object of which that
convention was enteted into, namely, to prevent
cither the United States or Great Britain from exer
cising or possessing any right to exercise control
over the Isthmus passage connecting the twooceans.
The occupation and colonization ot Ruatan were
considered a clear violation of the terms of the trea
ty, and diametrically opposed to the principle upon
which, and the purpose for which, that treaty was
concluded. Ruatau could not be considered a small
island in the neighborhood of British Honduras, but
a large and valuable island, upwards of two hun
dred miles distunt from the British settlement, close
to the independent State of Honduras, and the most
important naval and military statiou within the wa
ters of the Isthmus. It was natural, therefore, that
our government should energetically remonstrate
against what would appear such a manifest viola
tion of the spirit if not of the letter of the treaty of
1850.
It may be that the republication, by order of the
British government, of the terms of the Royal war
rant creating a colony of the Bay Islands, was not
considered a matter of any special importance, .
but there are many who, considering the present ]
state of affairs between the two countries, attach a j
great deal of significance to the fact, and construe j
tas a declaration on the part of the responsible ad- j
visci'B of Her Majesty, of their fixed intention to (
adhere to their interpretation of the Clayton-Bulwer l
Treaty, aud to retain their dominion “of sufferance .
and custom,” irrespective of remonstrance, over \
these islands belonging to Central America. The [
warrant declares that flic islands are “in the Buy s
of Honduras,” and that they are thereby “ erected c
into a colony.” It bears date March 26th, 1852. c
The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, declaring that neither x
the United States nor Great Britain will “ ever oc- c
cupy, or fortify, or colonize, or assume, or exercise any j
dominion over Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Musquito t
coast, or any yurt of Central America, or make ;
use of any protection which either affords o r may c
afford, or any alliance which either ha* or may have j«
to or with any State or people, for the purpose of [j
erecting or maintaining any such fortifications, or of t
occupying, fortifying, or colonizing Nicaragua, h
Costa Rica, the Musquito coast,, or any other vart t
of Central America, or of assuming or exercising
dominion over the same,” was formally ratified by 0
both contracting parties on the 4th July, 1850, near- N
ly two years prior to the warrant, by virtue of which i
the Queen of Great Britain exercises distinct do- j
minion over a portion of Central America, “erects
a colony” and “ occupies a territory,” to which she 8
lmd renounced all claim, either past, present, or
prospective. An impartial student of the terms f
and intent of both these documents would discover u
an obvious inconsistency between them, and would
naturally conclude, as does the United States gov
ernment, that the warrant is a violation of the trea
ty. Lord Palmerston maintains the reverse. It re- £
mains to be seen whether the British Parliament will t
sustain his views, or pronounce them inconsistent
with good faith and subversive of the true intent <]
and meaning of the Treaty. f
Statistics of London. —London covers at pre
sent a space of 122 square miles, It contains 327,-
391 houses and 2,362,236 inhabitants, the annual in
crease of the population being upwards of 40,000.
The length of all the different streets is 1,750 miles.
The paving of them cost £ 14,000,000, and the year
ly cost of keeping the pavement in repair is £l,-
800,000. Loudon lias now 1,900 miles of gas pipes
and the same length of water nipes. The introduc
tion of gas cost £3,000,000.* There are 360,000
burners in the city, which consume every night
13,000,000 cubic feet of gas, valued at £500.000, or
$2,500,000.
The bankers of Loudon have under their control
a capital of £64,000,000, and the different insurance
companies have a cash capital of £ 10,000,000, und
£78,000,000 in negotiable paper.
The tax on houses amounts yearly to £12,500,000.
The furniture of these houses is insured to the
amount of £ 166,000,000. Twenty thousand per
sons are constantly employed in keeping the docks
in repair.
London consumes yearly 277,000 oxen, 30,000
calves, 1,480,000 sheep, and 34,000 hogs, worth al
together £8,000,000. London consumes every year
1,6)00,000 quarters of wheat, 65,000 pipes of wine,
2,000,000 gallons of brandy, 43,200,000 gallons of
porter and ale, 19,215,000 gallons of water, and
5,000,000 tons of coal. It has 350 charity associa
tions, which distribute every year £1,805,635 to the
poor, which sum, when increased by private chari
ties, will amount to £3,500,000.
The city, from the showing of its official docu
ments, has 143,065 persons who have no visible
means of support. Among these are 4,000 vaga
bonds, who cost the city £50,000 a year to support
them. There are besides in London 110 profession
al house-breakers, 107 street thieves. 40 robbers,
783 pickpockets, 3,675 ordinary thieves, 11 horse
theives, J4O dog thieves, 3 forgers, 28 counterfeit
ers, aud 317 individuals who live directly by the
profits of this illicit trade, 141 swindlers, 182 peo
ple who speculate on charity with false documents,
343 receivers of stolen goods, &c.; in all, 162,000
criminals, who are known to the police, and who steal
every year to the amount of £42,000.
How Many Hours to Work.— The limit to
mental work varies not only in various individuals,
but according to the nature of the work itself. Dr.
Johnson assigned eight hours a day as sufficient for
study ; Sir Walter Scott worked four or five; math
ematicians, and those who do not tax the imagina
tion much, may, and do safely study, ten or twelve
hours a day. As a general proposition, it may be
stated that those studies which excite the feelings
are those which can be least borne. On the other
hand, the tranquil labors of the mind have a
marked tendency to prolong life. “On mau l tie
Betise'' is perfectly true; the unemployed brain,
like nn unsound muscle, decays and perishes
quite as soon as the over-wrought organ. Ren
nrd, in his “Treatise on the Influence of Civili
zation on Longevity,” shows the effect of brain
labors of an unexciting kind in those who are pro
tected by an assured income from the inroads of
care. He took at random the ages of one hundred
and fifty two individuals, one half of whom were
members of the Academy of the Sciences, the other
half of the Academy of inscriptions, and found that
the average longevity of the mathematicians and
antiquarians was ninety-six years. Sir Humphrey
Davy seems to have had in view only those who
have"“battled” with life when he states “that there
are few instances in this country of very eminent
men reaching old age. They usually fail, droop,
and die before they attain the period naturally
marked for the end of human existence; the lives of
our statesmen, warriors, poets, and even philoso
phers, afford abundant proof of the truth of this
opinion, whatever burns, is consumed—nothing but
ashes remain!”
A Family Moving West. —The Indianapolis cor
respondent of the Cincinnati Gazette thus describes
the effects of a family cn route for the West: — My
attention lias just been attracted to a family moving
West, that is now resting in front of the State capi
tol. They have two wagons—one drawn by three
yoke of cattle, and one by two horses—a drove of
some ten or a dozen cows, seine with calves, is driv
en in front by the mother and her two grown girls.
The ox team is driven by the son—and the father,
quite old, walks beside the horses. The mud is
about four inches deep in the streets, and when I
first saw the party, the girls were wadling through
tliis after their cows, as though they didn’t mind it
ul all. Occasionally, when they came to a big pud
dle, they would look up, with their bright, healthy
faces, and smile if they happened to discover me or
anybody else looking at them, and then lift their lin
sey-woolsey and jump it, or wade through. The
front wagon contains their worldly goods; trom the
other peep out almost innumerable tow-heads, and
bright little faces. They stop to rest in front of the
State House, and while their cattle are lying down
to rest, the men in their check shirts, and girls in
linsey-woolsey and new sun bonnets are admiring
the capitol of Indiana.
Journalism and the Bar.— Mr. Henry Hughes,
of Mississippi, delivered an address not long since
before the Alumni Association of Oaklaue College,
and took for his subject the “Recession of the Law
yers, and the Accession of the Journalists,” which
be treated in a characteristic manner. Mr. Hughes
contended that the old policy, which demanded law
yers as expounders of the constitution and law, is
passing away, and that a new movement is begin
ning, in which journalists must be the avant cou
riers and pioneers. He argues that lawyers, as a
profession, study what is law and not what ought
to be law—what has been done, not what ought to
be done; while journalists, as a class, devote them
selves to the treatment of public affairs, not only in
relation to what is law, but what ought to be law—
not in relation to the past alone, but to the require
ments of the future. The new movement being
propagandist in its character, Mr. 11. conceives,
must be carried forward by journalists, who are
better qualified and trainee! for propagating and
popularizing ideas and creeds than lawyers, and
therefore he infers that journalists must occupy the
first place in society, as the thinking, writing, and
governing class.
Sir Richard Arkwright.— About 70 years
since, might have been seen in the town of Preston,
in England, a poor, unknown, and unlettered man,
who, to keep body and soul together, shaved the
dusty beards of wayfarers, at a ball-penny a head.—
This man at that time was thirty years old. But,
while pursuing his humble vocation, he was filled
with high thoughts of an invention which was des
tined to effect tee most surprising results. He con
trived at moments stolen from sleep, to form a
model of his invention—his wife burnt it, thinking
that her husband had better stick to barbering. He
turned her out of doors and made another. His
townsmen, understanding what he was about, and
thinking his invention would do away with labor,
mobbed him, and he had to fiv for his life. Perse
vering against many difficulties from poverty, and
oppression from the ignorant, he at last succeeded in
perfecting and introducing his spinning frame —an
invention to which England owes her present great
ness, power and wealth ; and there are, at this time
some 30,000,000 spindles in operation. The poor
barber became Sir Richard Arkwright, and amassed
a fortune of $35,000,000, in the spinning business.
Casualties. —A negro girl, about 17 years of
age, the property of Mr. A. A. Willett, of this place,
was so shockingly burned by her clothing taking
fire, whilst engaged in washing on last Monday
week, that she died a day or two afterwards. She
was discovered running wildly from the house, en
veloped in flames, and before assistance could be
had. she was so badly burned as to cause death as
stated above.
On last Saturday, during the thunder-storm, a
negro boy and mule, the property of Wm. Ramsey,
of this county, were struck by lightning and in
stantly killed.
On the same day the new dwelling of Mr. George
Smith of the Variety Works, was blown down.—
Amcricus Republican.
Correspondence of the Richmond Dispatch.
The Honolulu I«luu«ln—The VolcanoeM.
Extract of a letter from a Virginian :
Honolulu, 23d Feb., 1856.
1 came out to the Islands to see the volcanoes
especially, and words fail to convey my idea of the
terrific place. I feel fullv rewarded for the ex
pense and trouble. Dr. Jtidd. who resides at llono
lulu, was Secretary to Wilkes, 1 believe, while
there in 1840, gave me all the information I needed
before going to see this wonderful exhibition of
Almighty power. He goes to see the place every
time an eruption occurs, and admires such scenes
as are presented there more and more. Rev. Mr.
Cohen, from the States, has lived at Hilo* thirty
years, aud from him I gathered much interesting
information respecting the two volcanoes. I could
not learn anything of them in California, and ship
ped for Honolulu. The passage is cheap—sßo in the
the cabin, S4O in the steerage: distance 2000 miles,
southwest.
When I arrived at Honolulu, I had to wait
three weeks before a vessel sailed for Hilo, the era
tens being on Hawaii or Owyhee, which is the
largest Island of the groupo—loo miles long and
• 0 broad, and is as beautiful a spot as the cre
ation presents. Hilo is the to which one
should go direct from California, as it is only 30
miles from the craters ; but as Hilo is a village of
small commercial importance, with only five stores,
few vessels touch there, although the harbor is a
pretty good one, and would become safe with a
breakwater.
Honolulu is warm. I contains about 7000 inhabi
tants, many being English and Americans ; distant
from Hilo 300 miles. The police detained me as I
was shipping on board, so that I lost ten days, wait
ing for another schooner ; and to add to this misfor
tune, I had the Booboo Fever of the Island, a dis
ease excessively weakening. 1 earned a pistol,
and for this I was arrested, the laws being very
strict and the forms of righteousness very rigid,
no tavern being kept open on Sunday. Such are
some of the results of Missionary labor. The
schooners are Kanakas generally ; they charge $lO
to Ililo for a foreigner, and $1 for a Kanaka. One
hundred of them were on her—as filthy a set of
fellows as you ever set your eye on. So disgusted
was 1 with their filth, that I prevailed on the captain
to land me at Towhahi, on the leeward side of
the Island, where it seldom ruins; and I walk
ed across, 80 miles, to Hilo, on the windward
side, where it rains frequently. Hilo is so very
green with trees that the forests aud jungle posi
tively look black. Kilanca, the great crater, is 30
mill s south of ililo, and Mauua Loa is 40miles west
of Hilo.
Oh, how I wish you could have been there with
me. I was camped by Kilanca all Christmas week,
and thought of you all continually, while enjoying a
scene in many respects unequalled. Kilanca is the
largest crater in the world that is active, being 12
miles in circumference and 3 miles in diameter; like
a huge tub sunk in the earth,s9o feet deep,and the
entire bottom at times lias been covered with molten
lava ; but now most of it is cold, and the surface bro
ken into millions of small fragments. I went down
into the crater with two Kanakas or natives, and
after walking three-quarters of a mile, came to live
holes about 40 feet deep, aud from 50 to 70 yards in
width, the bottom covered with molten lava, sway
ing to and fro with tremendous fury, like the waves
of the sea. Your blood would chill at the sublime
ly awful sight. The lava is dark, except when every
few minutes a surface, of 15 feet or more square,
bubbles and swells up 5 or 6 feet high, throwing
aside the dark crust, disclosing a bright fluid, in
color nearly resembling melted brass or iron. This
lasts for a few minutes, when, after the escape of
gas that is almost stifling, the mass subsides, and
the black crust hides the brilliant fluid until again
brought to view by a similar upheaving. Little
smoke or none escapes from these five holes ; from
other holes, however, a column of thick blue smoke
constantly rises. You feel in this place us if you
were in the presence of your Maker. I went all
over the place, setting down by each hole several
hours, and reflecting on the grand designs of na
ture. I left the spot with melancholy feelings.—
A large bank of sulphur, 50 yards long, is in the
crater, and another 100 yards long and 50 feet high,
is out of the crater, on the Bluffs. They tell me
here that in the first eight months of 1850, the cra
ter was raging; three-fourths of a mile wide was a
lake of liquid tire, ejecting rocks 100 yards high into
the air.
I returned to Hilo, and resting’two days, went
out seven miles westward, to meet the stream of la
va steadily progressing from Manna Loa, which
broke out last August from the side of that moun
tain, and hus advanced seventy miles in a crook
ed line, filling up valleys in its progress. This
stream is one mile iu width, upon an average,
and has come all the way through a heavy tropical
forest and thick jungle. Advancing three miles
more through timber, it will pour out into the
prairie, at which point only four miles intervenes
between it and Hilo. I think, however, it will stop
before reaching the beach; if it does not, Hilo will
be burnt, aud the harbor tilled up by the seething
tide of fire.
In a part of its progress, a small stream of lava
descends to a creek, and the water is hot for one
fourth of a mile below ; up where it falls in, the
creek boils. I tied a ham of bacon to a string, und
cooked it thoroughly in one hour. The tea I made
from the boiling water make us all s ick, producing
diarrhoea. The water smells like coul tar, though
limpid. The lava runs irregularly. It will bank
up 5 feet or 10, and then take a grand pitch into
the water, making it fly—the steam being so dense
that I could not see you 50 feet, until a puff of wind
blows it aside. Soon as this river of fire broke
out of the side of Mauna Loa, which wus in August,
the eruption of Kilanca began to subside, showing
indisputably that a subterranean communication
exists.
I returned to Hilo, where I nu t with Mr. Cham
berlain, who is practising law there. He was for
merly of Richmond, Va. First he went to Stock
ton, where Mr. Herbert Claiborne is, from the same
place, thence to Honolulu,and from thence to Hilo.
Chamberlain was very kind and polite to me. Mil
ler is also there, from Essex county, U. S. Consul.
The Kanakas are a despicable set, although they
have been christianized by the missionaries. The
Bible is published in their language. They are
among the meanest of created beings. I walked
from Ililo back to Towhalii, and from there took a
schooner to Honolulu. I shipped three boxes to
New-York the other day filled with lava, some fine
specimens of crystal!zed sulphur, and a stringy bul>-
stanec, all of which 1 brought up out of the great
crater. They contain some vegetable curiosities
and coral. I hope you will receive them in good or
der. Enclosed you will find the bill of lading.
Ever yours.
Unparalki.led Boating Tide in East Tkn
nesse.—The Knoxville Register, of the 17th inst.,
says : The recent tide in the river, which is just now
disappearing, will be memorable for having brought
out the largest amount of produce and other arti
cles of export, ever before shipped at once, on the
waters of East Tennesee. On Monday evening,
our streets about the river, were alive with boat
men, and every available landing place, thronged
with flatboats. From the Gas Works to the Glass
Works, a distance of a mile or more, our river was
lined with boats—in some place two or three deep—
loaded with Flour, Wheat, Bacon, Iron Salt, Lum
ber, Marble, &.C., &c., making a larger “fleet” than
wus ever moored in an East Tennessee landing.—
We had thought of nothing down the amount and
value of the several arrivals, but found it too great
an undertaking. We add, iu this connection, a
portion of our regular Commercial report. «■
It is estimated that about 3(H) boats have arrived.
The total receipts of Flour will go over 10,000 bar
rels—about o,ouo barrels of wliicTi are held by parties
here, the balance by up-country dealers. Owing to
the vast amount thrown on the market, buyers are
not willing to buy at such prices as sellers are wil
ling to take. Wejiave heard of sales of about 300
barrels at prices ranging from $1.75 to 5.25. The re
ceipts of wheat for this market is estimated at 30,000
bushels, and about as much more has gone forward
to till contracts with parties below. We hear of
but one sale of white wheat at sl.Ol £ ; no opera
tions in red. In bacon, we hear of no transactions.
The aggregate value of the freight that has arriv
ed at, and passed this place, is variously estimated
at from $200,000 to $300,000.
How an Indian Battle is Fought. —The editor
of the Omaha Nebraskian is laboring to convince
emigrants that there is not the least danger to be
apprehended from the depredations of the Indians
in that territory. Since its settlement, but one white
person lias been killed by them, and that was by
mistake. He was dark* colored, and the Sioux
thought lie was a half-breed Pawnee. The writer
gives a graphic description of an Indian battle,
which we copy:
Two war parties (generally two or three hundred
men, women and children, clogs and horses) come in
sight, and halt at a distance of from one-half to a
mile of each other. The women, children, dogs and
horses are immediately carrelled by the men sur
rounding them, to prevent a general stampede.
When this arrangement is completed, the dusky
warriors pitch in alternately, as follows : The young
aspirant tor glory, horse-shoe designs upon his buffa
lo skin or blanket, and red Vermillion on his eye
brows, mounts a war steed, (generally a lazy, scrub
by pony,) and with spur and whip describes, as
swiftly as possible, a semicircle in the direction of
the enemy's carrelle, keeping, however, out of the
reach of arrows or bullets from the bows or worth
less flint locks of the main body of the Indians, but
ready to meet a straggler like himself from the other
camp. If the two curved lines describe by the
warriors from either camp do come within a hundred
yards of each other, the warriors, at full gallop, dis
charge their respective weapons, be they bows or
rusty firearms. After the champions return safely
to the camp, two others, (one from each party,) with
a whoop and yell, more alarming than their wea
pons, start out upon a similar venture. In this way
the battle is carried on for hours without a single
fatal shot from either party. After giving to each
other sufficient evidence of prowess the parties re
tire, and no damage is done unless some luckless or
hardy hunter is caught out alone, when he is attack
ed by the whole unfriendly tribe. This is an Indian
battle—very poetic, indeed, but not so very dange
rous after all.
The Massacre at Panama. —A correspondent of
the New York Herald , writing from Aspinwall, on
the 6th iust., says :
A week after the massacre a party of the passen
gers by the steamer Uncle Sam (detained at Aspin
wall) crossed over to Panama and visted the scene
of the transaction. The stains of blood, murderous
machetes , and imitnnerable musket shot holes in
every direction, attested to the terrific tragedy that
had been enacted. In the adjoining woods and
jungles were found trunks broken to pieces and ri
fled; pocket-books, carpet bags, valises and travel
ling apparatus of all kinds, cut open and thrown
about iu wild confusion; fragments of wearing ap
parel, in many instances marked with blood, por
trayed but too plainly the terrible scene. I assure
you that the full horrors of this massacre are not yet
published, nor can they be for the present. Hu
manity shudders to recount them. Not until the of
ficial despatches, with the affidavits of unimpeacha
ble witnesses have been made known to the United
States government, will the real facts be disclosed.
Meantime, the natives will have had a few weeks to
consider the affair in its true light. They are now
thoroughly frightened, and regard every movement
of the Americans with distrust and suspicion. The
arrival of the St. Marrs, and the hostile appearance
of her broadside, within a mile of the town, tend to
increase their uneasiness.
Diplomatic Difficulties.— The Washington
correspondent of the New York Herald writes on
the 18th inst :
Mr. Sartiges, the French Minister, has volunteer
ed an opinion to the Executive, that if Mr. Cramp
ton is dismissed, Mr. Dallas’ dismissal will assuredly
follow. This opinion I give for what it is worth.
He says the British government will attribute the
dismissal of their Minister to causes other than the
enlistment difficulty, and will act accordingly.
Mr. Dallas writes that he Is now in possession of
an official letter from Lord Clarendon to the British
Parliament, in which his lordship gives the precise
construction to the Clayton-Bulwer treaty which is
contended for by our government. Mr. D. says it
is more conclusive than anything he has seen writ
ten on the subject. Mr. Dallas says, also, that things
look most unpromising in London.
Freshet in Broad River.— The Columbia
Times, of Wednesday, says: “We regret to learn
that the fresh occasioned by the recent heavy rains
has damaged the work of the Spartanburg and
Union Railroad being erected at Broad river.
“ A letter from a gentleman in that immediate
neighborhood informs us that the span of the bridge
in process of construction over Broad river fell on
Monday night. The cause was attributable to a
sudden rise and rapid concentration of water, wash
ing out the staging from around the span which had
been placed there preparatory to depositing it in its
proper place. The loss is estimated at about three
Hundred dollars.”
VOL. LXX.—NEW SERIES VOL. XX. NO. 25
Loui« Napoleon’* Early lltatory.
The L nited States Naval Magazine of 1837 trans
ferred from a French paper of the previous year,
an account of the early characteristics of Louis
e Napoleon. As he was then only known os the
> exiled prince and the Strasbourg adventurer, the
*' following extracts from the article will be read with
j interest as being free from the charge of either par
,f tiality or prejudice :
Y “The Queen Hortens*' gave to her son a very
s grave and severe education. Destined to reign one
nay, in the event of the death of the heir apparent,
f iLe young Prince was early brought up like the son
J of a laborer, lie became the great favorite of the
i Empress Josephine.” “His mother continued her
strict mode of tutorage during her exile, and
* continued further to develop the precocious
, disposition of his mind and the 'growing energy of
his character. ” His education in the classics, in
foreign living languages, in chemistry and na
tural philosophy, is said to have been solid and
thorough. He also upplied himself with great zeal
to military exercises. In 183(1 lie was admitted
to the instruction camp of officers of engineers,
and artillery, in the oonton of Berne. lie par
ticipated in all the manoeuvres, instructions, and
courses upon the glaciers, with his haversack on
his shoulders, eating the coarse soldiers’ bread, and
carrying either chair or compass in hand.” He
devoted all his energy to the study of the science of
artillery.
“His remarkable gallantry in several actions in
Italy, in 1830, is spoken of in warm terms. Os his
subsequent visit to England, it is said : ‘That voy
age became useful and instructive to him. He
visited with the most scrupulous attention every
establishment of industry and science. The high
English aristocracy were eager to allow him eve
ry consideration and sympathy. The young Prince
declined the hospitable honors which were la
vished upon him; he accepted of no invitation, out i
of respect for the memory of the Emperor, whom
he venerated with the pious worship of religious
devotion.’
“So high was the estimation in which his talents
and character were held, that in 1831 a secret depu
tation ot Polish noblemen was sent, to him from
Warsaw, to propose to him to place himself at the
head of that nation in arms. Again: ‘The philo
sophical studies and labors in political economy of
the young Prince soon brought forth their fruits.’—
He published a very remarkable pamphlet, enti
tled ‘ Political and Military Considerations upon
the Swiss Confederacy.’ It caused a great sensa
tion in the diplomatic world, and in the minds of
men of arms. On one side, all the constitutions of
the different cantons were examined, described and
analysed with astonishing sagacity in so young an
author. In it were at once recognized the quick
survey of a student and matured reflection of a
diplomatist, in which superior views abounded.
On the other hand, the military tactics were
treated with a master's hand, and with much
science.”
In June, 1834, the Swiss Government appointed
Louis a captain of artillery in the regiment of
Berne, lie appears to have excelled in gymnastic
games, as well as intellectual exercises. In the an
nual trials of feats of strength and skill at the “fede
ral joust” of Switzerland, the Prince “never de
clined a challenge, and often carried away, attended
by the vivas of the asembly, the victorious prize of
skill; and there was no gymnastic game in which
he did not distinguish himself, lie rides masterly,
swam across the great lake of Constance, and is
very expert in handling arms, especially tin* lance in
the Polish manner. Much is the result of his Spar
tan education.
The “Manual for Artillery for Switzerland,”
which he produced in 1835, “placed him iu the first >
rank of military tacticians. The Military Spectator,
the French Press, the Swiss and English Journals, 1
have spoken of it as a capital work—the best treat- 1
ise on artillery existing in Europe. The union of 1
an uniformity of exact knowledge, and a capacity 1
of great intelligence was necessary for so remarku- *
ble a production.’ ’ £
“The republican writer M. Correl, thus speaks of 1
the Prince : ‘The political and military works of Nil- 1
poleon—Louis—Bonaparte exhibit a strong mind 1
and noble character. The name lie bears is the 11
most august of modern limes. He only has it in his 11
power strongly to excite tin* sympathies of flic 1
French. If this young man understands the present v
interests of France, and can forget the legitimacy 11
of his imperial rights, he may be called on to act a a
grand partin life.’ t
“The details of the attempt upon Strasbourg re
lieve Napoleon from the imputation of rashness aud 11
folly, and his opinions upon French institutions,
winch are given in length in the articles cited, are
philosophical and profound.”
The Camels. —lt lias already been announced
that the ship load of camels intended to carry across
the Texan prairies, had arrived safely at Matagor
da Bay. A correspondent of the N. O. Picayune
thus speaks of them :
We went aboard the ship Supply, impelled by cu
riosity, to see the wonderful beasts. They were
lodged below, well sheltered from the bad weather,
and hud three Arabs and two Turks to uttend their
wants. The ship hud brought them a long voyage
from Smyrna, consequently the poor animals hud
been confined in a very narrow place for over three
months. They numbered thirty five including sev
eral young ones, one of which was born on the voy
age, in the vicinity of the Trade-Winds, in conse
quence of which the jolly Jack tars called it
“Trade-Wind.*’ The others had various Arabic
cognomens, but it is intended to name them after
the States or the Union, which would be highly ap
propriate.
Tney are a very patient animal, scarcely ever ut
tering a sound, but are extremely belligerent, among
themselves, it requiring all the watching and cure
that can be bestowed on them to prevent them
from biting each other.
There were two or three that boasted two humps,
but the majority had only one. It, is supposed they
will prove of infinite service on the great prairies
of Texas, and each camel will certainly be more
valuable there than five horses —the 'country in
some respects resembling the, desert plains of the
East, if we substitute grass in Die place of sun^. —
They can carry enormous weights, and can bear
heavy fatigues and long continued journeys—thus
being of great service to our armies on the frontiers.
The only difficulty to be apprehended is from the
climate in winter, for the cold will weigh most rig
orously on them. To this, however, they may be
come gradually accustomed, and the animal being
fully acclimated, there will be no further troubled
about that,.
They will carry without stopping, except at long
intervals, immense weights of baggage and stores,
under a hot, broiling sun, the fatigue of which would
soon kill a horse. By importing a great many,
the United States will soon have a considerable
breed of Camels on the Western Continent. It
may be said to Columbia’s honor, that she lias taken
tfie lead in introducing those powerful aids to
civilization among us, for the conquests of peace
surpass those of war. We arrived at. the bay of
Matagorda on Monday evening, May 12. The
next morning the animals were taken ashore, and
at last regained their liberty. The inhabitants
crowded around thorn, with pardonable curiosity,
to behold the huge, uncouth animals, and many
were the sensible comparisons given vent, to on
the occasion. The Arabs and Turks, who had
dressed themselves in rich Oriental eostums, were
kept busy explaining to the inquisitive crowd.—
Now and then, a Camel, in the excess of its joy,
would run with a terrible leaping and kicking among
the people, who would consequently give it full
roam to gambol in. That, evening, they all started
for the destination, in regular Eastern order, as for
a distant caravan.
Termagant Princesses. —A Madrid correspon
dent ofthe Augsbcrg Allgemeine Zeitnng, writes as
follows, April 8 : “A scandalous scene took place in
the royal palace day before yesterday. The sisters
ofthe King, (the Princesses Donna Isabel. Donna
Joseplm and Donna Luisa) who were banished from
the court on account of their menalliancc* , and who
returned after the revolution to Madrid, were in
the habit of visiting the rooms of the King to see
theTertulia. The King and who are justly
displeased with the Princesses and Don Enrique,
because they returned to court without previously
asking permission, ordered the guard not to permit
them to enter their apartments, and to tell them that
his Majesty would send for them whenever he wish
ed to see them.
“This order was given as the three princesses and
Don Enrique made their appearance. The guard
had scarcely communicated their orders to Don En
rique and his sisters, when the latter, in company
with the princesses, pushed furiously into the apart
ment of the King, dealing out the most offensive
words and menaces in all directions, until the King
was obliged to call the guard and have them forci
bly ejected.”
Texan News. —A terrible tornado lately occurred
in Dallas county. It destroyed the entire premises
of Mr. Miller, a merchant of Pleasant Kun, killing
his partner, his clerk, a woman and two children.
There were also four other persons killed in the im
mediate neighborhood, making nine hi all, and six
or eight wounded. This tornado extended about 16
miles Noitli and South, being from two hundred to
three hundred yards in width. Over this tract, the
tornado swept, carrying away or prostrating every
thing in its course, killing horses, cattle, hogs and
other animals.
The papers from the interior give favorable ac
counts of the wheat, cotton and corn crops. Ruthcr
more rain than was necessary has fallen in some
sections, and planters will have trouble in keeping
down the grass, yet, all things considered, their
prospects are highly battering.
Mr. It. P. Williams, farmer to the Toncachua In
dians, on their Reservation, was killed in the latter
end of April by a soldier of Colonel Johnson's} Regi
ment, near Fort Belknap.
The Journal of Commerce learns from the ofliciul
correspondence of the Panama Railroad Company,
that the English and French Consuls have united
with our own in sending for men-of-war on both
sides of the Isthmus of Pnnuma, to protect passen
gers and property from any recurrence ot outrage
on the part of the inhabitants. Mr. Center, the local
Superintendent of the Company, writes that “des
patches have been forwarded to Greytown, and
other points, by the American, English and French
Consuls, requesting the immediate assemblage of a
force;’ and Col. Totten, the Chief Engineer, cor
roborating the above, adds that “the French Consul
feels as warmly on the subject as any American, al
though but one of his countrymen whs killed.”—
We have the same authority for stating that our
Consul at Panama has forwarded to Washington a
mass of evidence concerning the late riots, bind
ing to show the deliberate c riminality of the Pana
menos.
French and Russian Fraternization. —A
French correspondent, writing from Sebastopol,
says ; “The aspect of the table land of the Chorso
neus, would astonish those who are seldom astonish
ed at anything. At almost every step on the high
ways you stumble over groups ot French and Rus
sian officers and soldiers, ana in every gutter you
see drunken men of both nations thrown together
pell-meljtor wallowing about in the mud and snow.
A Htoprhowever. is about to be put to this kind of
fraternization. Two days ago, two or three of our
soldiers were brought in who had died in a drunken
frolic in the Russian camp. We, too, have escorted
back to their quarters the dead bodies of Russian
soldierß, who had died in our camp in the same man
ner. Things could no longer go on in this way, and
hereafter the soldiers, on both sides, who visit, each
other’s quarters, will have to obtain written
passports. No idea can be formed of the sym
pathy that now exists between the members of
the two nations. The English come in for uo share
of this good feeling. When they propose to burter
any objects in their possession with the Russians,
the latter offer them cartridges.”
The Inventor ok Gas - The credit of inventing
gas lighting is given to Philip Le Bon, an engineer
of roads and bridges in France, in 1785. He com
menced by distilling wood, in order to obtain from
it gas, oil, pitch, and pyroligneous acid, but his work
indicated the possibility of obtaining gas by distilla
tion from fatty or oily substances. lie eventually
died, ruined by his enperiinents. The English soon
put in practice the crude ideas of \a a Bon. In 1804,
Windsor patented and claimed the credit of invent
ing the process of lighting by gas ; in 1805, several
shops in Birmingham were illuminated by gas man
ufactured by the process of Windsor and Murdoch ;
among those who used this new light was Watt, tlie
inventor of steam engines. Iu 1816, the first use of
gas was made in London, and it was not until 1818
that this invention was applied iu France.
Conviction ok Foboebs of Land Warrants.
—Diogenes Wetmore and T. K. Wetmore, of St.
Enins, Missouri, indicted for presenting fraudulent
claims at the Pension Office, have been convicted,
after a trial of twelve days, and sentenced to the
penitentiary, the former for ten and the lulter for
eight years.
Privateering. —The Baltimore American re
marks that, under the principle now established by
the allied powers, privateering would be piracy,
and this, our eoutemporary presumes, is the object
of the agreement, to which England and France
have come, and whicli they will no doubt seek to
impose upon the world as international law.
The Powers making the declaration have, howev
er expressly disclaimed for it an obligatory charac
ter upon nations not represented in the Conference,
and content themselves with a resolution to apply
to such nations, and solicit their acquiescence in the
priuciple. Such an application to this country
would be entirely useless. And if, in the event of
war, privateering should be treated as piracy and
prisoners hung up, the United States government
would be compelled to retaliate and hang up every
prisoher taken from the government vessels ot its
euemy. On the shoulders of the party pronouncing
Crivateering piracy, would rest the entile lcaponsi
ility of thebarbarous character which the war, in
such on event, would necessarily assume.
Hkad Quarters ok the Indians. —The Alliga
tor (Fla.) Advertiser of the 9th instant, says that
Col. Wright of the exploring partv, has made a re
port to Col. Whitney, stationed in that place, in
which he states that the Seminoles have made Gulf
Hammock, in Levy county, their place of rendez
vous. Trails had been seen, at various points in
the neighborhood, leading into the Hammock, and
it is believed that the greater portion of the savages
are ensconced in that swamp from which they sally
forth oh their depredations. Col. Wright calls for
aid to explore it, as his present force is wholly inade
quate for that purpose. The necessary aid has been
sent forward by the Governor. The Tampa Penin
sular of the 10th, says two soldiers were fired upon
by a party of Indians at Fort Drum oil the 2d
instant, but the latter made their escape into the
hammock.
Mohai.s at Salt Lake. —A traveller who has
recently visited the Salt Lake settlement, gives us
a fearful picture of the degraded moral condition of
that “heaven upon earth.” He says that amongst
the revolting features of Mormon institutions, that
which permits marriage between blood relations is
the worst. He has met with numerous instances of
men marrying both mother and daughter. A bish
op ot one ward married si x wives, all sisters, and
moreover his own nieces. He mentions that Brig
ham \ oung lately built a hurem of stone to cage
his ninety beauties in, but that they all kicked
against the arrangement, and assorted their right
to be treated like free-born daughters of Eve. The
Governor, he snvs, was obliged to cave in.
Monomania for Stealing.— The New York
Sunday Dispatch relates an incident of a lady of
Jersey City, who stole S7OO worth of goods at vari
ous times from a dealer in New York named Isaacs.
She said “the desire to steal hud become a mono
mania with her aud she could not help it.” The
goods were restored, and the lady wished nothing
said ofit, as she would willingly pay a thousand dot
lars to cover pust indebtedness’ She is said to be a
lady of the highest respectability, who rides in her
own carriage.
Half and Half. —A party of Americans were
lately taking the pleasant drive “round Montreal
Mountains,’ when they met an Indian woman with
a baby on her back, whose light complexion and
Cnueassion feature betrayed the infant as not al
together of “savage” origin. One of the ladies
stopping to admire “poppoose,” exclaimed: “Surely
my dear woman, that is not an Indian baby.”—
“Yes,” said the sqaw, with the sullen indifference
of the race, “yes, some Indian, some soldier.” My
lady was satisfied and the party drove on.
A Violent Bishop. —The Franklin county (Yt )
Journal, of the lfitli inst., has the following On
Tuesday last, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Yer
mont, now residing at Burlington, visited Highgalc
for the purpose, nsit appears, of obtaining title to
the church and lot recently built at Highgate Fulls.
Four individuals, who were Irishmen and Roman
Catholics, refused to deed the Bishop their right
and interest in said church—whereupon the Bishop
threatened them with immediate excommunication
and denunciation of the Romish Church, but all this
did not overawe those who ventured to think and
act independent of his Holiness—when the Bishop
at once proceeded to Excommunicate and adminis
ter Ecclesiastic Denunciation upon the four persons
who refused to obey his holy mandate. But tlm
matter did not rest here—Hi's Holiness sent, for an
axe and crow-bar, and tore the four pews up and
threw them from the church.
We understand legal proceedings have been com
menced against this law violating Priest.
Served him Right. —Kinnimnn, the individual
who, to avenge some real or supposed injury, re
moved a rail from the New Albany and Salem* Rail
road, above Lafayette, (1 ii<l.) was tried on the 7th
inst., in the Tippecanoe Circuit Court, uml sentence d
to the Penitentiary for two years.
Taken in the Toils of the Telegraph.—
There is a rumor in town to-day, that C. S. Cram,
who rail away with $13,000 or $14,000 of his credi
tor's money, a few days since, lias been “brought
up short’’ in New Orleans— ’Gum MeGiboniiey,
(who always stumbles in the way of such cattle,)
having made a successful swoop at him, in the
Crescent City. We only hope the rumor may prove
true.— Montgomery Mail.
Counterfeit Gold Dollar.— Wheunderstand
that some of the rascals who have been through this
section passing bogus Gold Dollars, have been ar
rested at Centre, Ala. These counterfeits are like
ly to deceive the unwary. They are in size and
color a foe simile of the genuine coin, but are with
out the “ring,” and the word “Liberty” on the head
is so badly blurred that it cannot be read. We
would caution our readers to be on the lookout, for
it is supposed that there are large quantities of
these spurious coins in the northern parts of Geor
gia ana Alabama.— Rome Courier.
Yankee Sullivan, the “chum” of the King of the
Sandwich Islands, has returned to San Francisco,
where lie has had a “glove fight” in a theatre, with
another bruiser culled Steve Simmons. The hitter
was used up in seven rounds, and Yankee took the
stakes, said to be SI,OOO, but doubted.
The Wyandott Indians in Kansas recently obtain
ed a quantity of whisky, and becoming intoxicated,
broke out into opeu insurrection. They set fire to
and burned to the ground the Methodist Church
North and the Methodist Church South, besides
several private houses. The churches were brick
buildings, and the losses will fall heavily on the so
cieties.
Novel Mirror. —An English invention which
reflects the back of the head on the toilet glass as
perfectly as the face, will, no doubt, be hailed as a
gi cat achievement by the ladies, as the back of the
hair can thus be arranged with the greatest case
and precision. This invention, called “Le Mirior
face et unque,” consists simply of a brass telesco
pic rod attached to the top of an ordinary toilet
glass, with a circular mirror suspended from it.—
When drawn oat, the back of the head is reflected
from the mirror on the toilet glass simultaneously
with the luce—a great acqnsition in the difficult
operation of head-dressing. When not required,
the circular mirror is easily placed out. of the
way, so as not to interfere with the ordinary use of
the glass.
Sunday in Denmark.— The people of Denmark
are described as pretty regular church attendants,
compared with other continental nations; but in
Copenhagen the devotions are principally confined
to attending the morning service. In the afternoon
of Sunday, when the weather is favorable, nearly
the whole population resort to the suburbs, and in
dulge in numerous kinds of gay recreation. Yet. nil
is orderly, uffordiug a great, contrast, with the drunk
euness which exists on the Sabbath in the large
towns of England and Scotland, where such extra
ordinary efforts are made to check every species of
amusement..
Petrifaction. —Nine years ago a man died of
dropsy au<l was buried in Middlesex, Vt., and it be
ing desirable to remove the corpse to Pomfrct re
cently, the body was disinterred, and found to have
become perfect stone, as hard as marble, and not in
the least altered from the appearance of the man at
his death. The corpse weighed five hundred and
fifty pounds. What is more remarkable, the body
of a girl buried by his side was wholly* 1 consumed,
only a few of the principal bones remaining.
Kansas Lands.—We learn at the General Land
Office that, the Kansas lands are at present exciting
general interest, and that the surveys of the public
lands ns well as of the Indian trust lands in this
Territory are progressing as rapidly as possible.—
Quite a number of townships have been returned to
this office ; but the Indian trust lands cannot by treaty
stipulations be thrown upon to sale until after the lo
cation of the individual reservations made by the trea
t.y, which will require some time toeffeet. As to the
other public lands, the time when they will be ex
posed to sale cannot yet be determined ; but the
first lauds which will be offered for sale are those
most contiguous to the Missouri and Arkansas riv
ers, of which legal notice of not less than three nor
more than six months will be given by public procla
mation. — Union.
New Savannah River Btka.mer.-Wo under
stand that contracts have been entered into be
tween parties in South Carolina, and Savannah and
Harlun & Hollingsworth of Wilmington, Delaware,
for the construction, by the latter, of an Iron steam
boat for the Savannah river trade. She will be of
remarkably light draught, and is expected t o run at
all stages of the water—carrying both passengers
and freight. The boat will be finished by the mid
dle of August—so as to take her place on the line by
first of September.— &avh. Conr.
Neoro Thief.— The Sheriff of one of the interior
counties of Georgia, on the night of the 18th inst.,
brought up on the Montgomery and West Point
Railroad two negro thieves named Reid, who were
caught, we learn, in Talladega county, Ala. Just
before the cars reached Auburn, one of the prisoners
was allowed to goiuto the saloon, and, leaping out
of the window, made his escape. The train was
going at the rate of 15 miles per hour.
Arrest ok Baldwin.- -We learn from Captain
Ben. O’Haver that J. Baldwin, the financier, has
been arrested and placed in jail ut New Orleans,
and that W. D. Gilmore has gone to Nashville
for a requisition from Governor Johnson. Truly
our jail has been honored by the presence of finan
ciers duriifg the past year.— Mon plan Whig , Mm/
14 tk.
Climatic Phenomena.— A correspondent of the
Smithsonian Institution at Fort Clark, Alachua co.,
Florida, writes that it,is a remarkable feature of the
climate of that place that it is entirely rson/ri from,
ntorrn* or high wind —none having been known for
thirty years. The storm which caused so much de
struction in 1854 on the coasts ot South Carolina
and Georgia, was there only a stiff breeze. Both
north ana south of Fort Clarke high winds are
common.
Ruatan.— The following is nu extract from a let
ter dated Key West, May 10 : The United States
steamship Fulton, Lt. Tilghinan, on the oth instant,
from Ruatan, Honduras, whither she had been or
dered, to ascertain if the British government had
actually commenced fortifying that liarbor. She
saw no signs of work of any kind, and the report
that a fort was in the process of erection there has
no foundation in fact. Tin; Fulton will remain here
for orders.
Narrow Escape. —On Friday evening last, Dr.
Owen, residing m ar Sandy River, Prince Edward
county Va.,had his horse killed under him by light
ning. He was about to dismount when the fatal
bolt struck his horse, which falling immediately,
somewhat bruised and otherwise injured the IW
tor. lie was only slightly aliocked by the electric
fluid.
The Cotton Crop.— The Montgomery Mail, of
the 15th inst.,says: We continue to hear unfavora
ble accounts of growing cotton. The heavy plan
ters are very much dispiried about their crops.—
The complaint is chiefly as to had stands and the
feeble, backward condition of the plant. The
weather has been very unfavorable tor t«*n days,
the nights having a very chilling effect. In runny
localities, considerable injury Ims been done by hail.
The present graduating c lass at Cambridge num
bers 105 members, being the most numerous of any
class which has hitherto been gruduated.
Hon. Thomas Butle r King was in Jackson, Miss.,
the 10th inst., on his return home from a visit to
Texas, on the business of Southern Pacific Railroad
Company.
The widow of Emperor Nicholas is shortly to visit
Italy, aud the Russian grand master of the ceremo
nies has already furnished her a suite of apartments
iu Venice. This lends an uir of probabiliiv to the
rumor that the Emperor Alexander will himself
shortly pay a visit to Rome.
The Emperor Napoleon lues just pure- based 18,000
square tnrtre* of land in thecUy oi Pa js »*» d divi
ded it off into lots, on which he intends immediately
building a large number of houses for the accoinuiQ'
da lion of the poorer classes of his subjects.