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THE 13561
SOUTHERN < l I/riVATOR,
A .dONTHIeY JOi;KNAL,
. •,-iTKIJ EX. ' b'IiIVELV 1J THE IMPHOVItMKNT OF
• „r 4 , Agriculture, li.rti ,re, Stock Brtiding,
Poultry, Bets, General term. Economy, ifc.
Illustrated with NtM/ierou* Elegant Engravings
ONE DOLLAR A VKAU IN ADVANCE.
DANJELLEL • D and i>. UEDMOND, EDITOR*.
V Volume will commence
January, 1856.
J tl CUf.TIV AT* »!t a lart'i: «•< tavoof thirty-two pagitf*.
~4 a . binuiif -1 pages iu the year, il contain* a
• • ;*•. r n . * 1 » t >.{ 0 ruling umtrr than any Agri
• ilt'iral Journal of the South—embracing, la addition to
all th* . .irreutagn. ilturai topic* of tin* day,
VALLA RLE ORIGINAL CONTKIHUTTONS
nm t nuy of4he most intelligent and practical Planter*.
> • . .. an<l llortiDiiiinriAU in every »cctiouof the Sooth
and Houtbwcht.
TERMS:
O.fcC iPY, 1 year £1 j 'S> CoIdES, 1 year S2O
I’ 1 r►. Cash will lx* rigidly adhered to* and in
"■> in.tame .v.ll tin paper he sent unless the money a. ■
•ini't i -’■* the orde; The HUD of ail iqH*eio-paying
llthk re.eiv.d Hi par. All money remitted by mail,
postage paid will he at the rink of tlie Pohlhiherg.
Advc 4 rliHfin<*ntM
fr, riwlatONK Dol l.,\K per square of twelve line*,
e.e li hi eiiion ; oiif 4 m| m f 4, per aiuium, TEN DOLLARS
All W 'l. S. JONIIH, Augusta, ilu.
C tf ' Per-ion* who w ill ».• ta* Agent*, and obtain .Sub*
" riiif-rv w ill iiefuniiishe.fi witli the paper at Club price*.
FOR SALE
TOR SALE.
I NOW oiler f<>» al. my entire River PLANTATION,
W n r ’u) mile 1 outh "f ('oluuibu*, Oa.. iu Harbour
county. Ala , lying on tlie Chattahoochee river, contain*
ing ;* lon acre . , JiiiK) in a lino Mate of cultivation ami
■ ! repair. A good Water (Jin and Ferry aero** the
< 'hAtuihonebce rivor. The above will be tar wale at any
thin! out® *old and po ;oii u given Term* to *uit pur-
U ATI HEW AVEREI 1
TO MEN OF TASTE AND CAPITAL.
I’ IL! subscriber, wishing t> remove to South wo* tern
(Jc.rgia, propo-i" to U hi* place near Cave Spring,
11 V aimY V'iUiey, Fioy»l e»»unly, <ia., containing 317
am \ more or It retm nod Jut quality oak. ami hickory
im..My of »oii ami surface uoi to wash ; home ICO acres
cleared and under good tillage ; f lie remainder generally
well timbered, it ha several Hprfrg* of cool blue Lime*
j.ovwu withoyt darning, ouhariUof ’many well *elooted
varieties c.ud 1 .ally of nppl.ami a large and commodi
n- Bri-k i»v. ell lug. Hiirronnii(:<l by tine scenery, ami
w illi i! m mile of the village, long noted for Its educational
advantages. AH Wle> have examined the promise*, con
• u- in tin* ophii'm that this place combines the elements
of beauty, fertility, convenience ami healthful ness to an
« if lit seldom. 11 over, equalled in this country. Hut
• Hue and see for yourselves, au<l the character, location
nml re ourcc* or the plaeeean hanlly fall to satisfy you
tint it is a No. I article, not subject to the fluctuations
olilnr market. For terms, apply on the premises.
W. D. COWDREY.
1 'ave .Spring, July 10, 1656. jylTwtf
VALUABLE PLANTATION FOR SALE !
SI ft VTIC!! in Lowmlis county, Ala., on the road
lending fniui ii.iyiimiile to Bouton, ten miles from
tin- latter plrue. Said farm contains ltjtfO acres of land,
«-ne halt under poo«l fomo*. well ditched, and in a high
.state ot <mitivatiou. Tim improvi-un nts comprise a good
new dwelling house, eon tain mg four rooms ; a large two
riory fi * .o d flm limine and a, Huo Screw, recently put
np ;ex i-iitmt StahU's. and a good Mill house. The unim
proved Land is well iunhcrc.il and of superior quality.
Tliii plantation has advantages over any other in the
ncighliurttooil, one half heiAg level with rich black soil,
tin* other fertile hammock, lying in the fork of A«h and
Pantlmr creeks ’] lie juair»c portion of the farm is abun
dantly watered by w*IL. and the sandy by a number of
free none springs, convenient to the negro quar
tcr> It i- also well located, having excellent range for
to, k, and tine outlets. The plantation will he disposed
of privately 'for a division of au estate.
Any infonitatiou relating to it can bo obtained hv ntl-
me at 'ruskegee, Macon county, Ala. Those
who wish to look at it udt please call on the Overseer.
THUS. I*. OAKY, JSx’r
apl3 w3m of tlm estate of W 1,. <4ary, deceased.
MELL’S PATENT PLOW STOCK !
'I ' UK undersigned has inv* nted and patented a most
I valnahle IMPROVEMENT IN THE PLOW
STt >(!K —the Uutinty Rights for which he desires to sell,
lie prefers to let others speak its praise, and therefore
introduces the following certificates, from two Planters,
well and favo.'.ihly known in tin* community in which
they reside He might Introduce many others, but the
Plow Stock will speak for Itself whenever examined.
JAMES It. MELL.
Rlceboro', Liberty county, (Ja.
This is to certify, that I have, with my own hands,
thoroughly levied tin* newly invented Plow Stock of
J'tuie. it. Mell, r , in point of simplicity and perfec
tion, I • ei tt-ed .is cipmi In it U com
bined c.ery thing that I could wish in a Plow Stock, aud
it. in i •■ptnion. ithe chc;<pest and the best that bus
ever been ottered to the pnblic. I speak from having
u ed it wit li my tuvn bauds. I was raised to follow the
Plow md think that I know h ••• one ought to run. I
IHi I il my one, who wid Utorou 1 j
try it, to point out to me ono single fault in it. It is
« i n iq on the lioi m and plowman than any that I have
The principle upon which you regulate the. depth of
th. Plow, ii osimpl * aiilv I o perfect, as tocommcml
it .elf to any mu : sad the Block i* adapted to any kind
of Plow lloe. It Im, moreover, just as light ar. any could
desire it to be l would recommend to any nml all, if
they wish the bed ami cheapest Plow Stock, without
limitation to c-l Mr. James It Moll's.
Pcnliehl. Ua., A;-rll id, If*.si l>. W. WILSON.
In company with -w. ‘ others, I, this day, wilnes. ed
tb- trial of Mi Jauii > It Mi ll s Plow Stuck, by Mr. D. W.
Wilson, nml c!:c« ifall) date that all present were fully I
iti led that it «|oei every thing a stated above. I
would, nioreovi late that* l have been using them on
coulirm me in the opinion of the superiority of Mr Moll's
l*> nil*! I, tin . April Id, l*s>i, Titos. P. Janks.
IRON FLOW-STOCK.
fl' II M under- . nml, having purchased the pateut r'ght
I to the ahov • valuable and popular I*LO\V foi die
. uitic* of Kieii.uoml, Columbia. Lincoln. Burke. Jetfer
s *ll. Washing. >n, Seri' • n and Ihnamial, are prepared to
urnish it to planters at the manufacturer's price. This
block, which is made entirely of w rought iron, is a •South
ern invention a el has been Mitlieiontly test ml to prove
that it nun mere steadily, break nml pulverises the soil
more thoroughly. « leg., i iuieugb laud, Is more easily
adjusted f.>r deep or * lull low plowing, kohls the shares
m.». hi ts incomparably longer, and is, in the
rml, far ciu apei than any other slock now in use. This
•d at runout is i ;i! 1 \ -ustaiued by numerous certificates in
. ii pos.se-> ion*fr.un the m. >t practical and suceessfttl
planters m the country. Wo will have plnsure
in sending :\ ci: cular cojuaining some of thsse eertitieates
a.id a more particular di -v'rtjition of the plan, to any
per on who would like to see them. We are w illing to
rcfci ioa:iv on.- who has given this Plow a fair trial, lu
the N>\ N\>. of the Southern Cultivator, 3-15, the edl
tor ot that woik says: ‘'After giving this Plow a fair
•I I I impartial tr.al w e ran truly say. that we regard il as
a most valuable Improvement on all common wooden
i mplements of the kind now in use. For general efficien
cy a 1 convenience. as well as spe>dal adaptation to d©op
1 11 age or sul -oiling, we know ot nothing that surpasses
t while on the score ot economy ami durability, it is
altogether unnv • d. No plow with which we are fami
i.ir, is so well calculated resist the careless and des
tructive usji,e es Plantation Negroes, aud we doubt not
that its general introduction would be of very great pecu
niary b< aofit to the planting interest of the South.”
fill St-H'k L adapted to six ditforent shares or points
embracing every variety which a planter will need
fim the beginning to the end of the year. These shares
will be furnished with the Stock, when desired ; though
aay plantation '-tnllH can make them after once seeing
them
High: for counties, for Simps, or for Plantations, w ill
be -add on reasonable terms. Applv at the Hardware
Stores , u Augusta, or address 1. C. KITTEN A Co.
dec IS wtf Augusta. Ga.
*lO REWARD !
oTOI.IIN from the subscriber, on the night oftbc4»h
t.nimng *oroo sl3 or sls in monev. and two notes ; one
lor $ Vi and s ~«* n nt*, made by James M. and William
K White, ptv able to me. dated 38th Jannarv. IsAti, due
at to. n * month- the other f».* $1? 50. made bv A E
I'h -ily. payable to J. V. Stone, dated al*out the 3d «d
1» ib. r. due one d.-,; after dale, nml one small note
• n uty-olf, which l bad paid, and torn oft' tin* name. 1
will piy the above reward for the recovery of the papers,
..mi »k no questions AH persons are hereby cautioned
not to trade for said notes, and the makers not to pay
them, except to me. G. S. DAN NELLY. '
February 13, ISSA
S3O REWARD”
I) tAAWAY, from the subscriber, residing In Put
1\ ii.mu countv. near Merrill, in August last, mv Negro
Man FR ANK * lie is about *35 v. irs old, five feet teu in
ches high, of roedlam sire, has a slight impediment in his
speech and lias lost the sight of one eye. Ho was raised
in Virginia, aud baa been in Georgia about two years.
The above reward will be paid for his delivery to me,
or t>' any ,xd *«> that 1 can get him.
■ '"u JOHN A. HARRIS.
The Southern Recorder will publish till forbid, aud for
ward account to this office for payutout.
S2O REWARD.
r) AAA\V AY , from Wm. Johnson, alont the 15th of
V December, ISSJ, a negro tuan named JOHN—he
omcn.nos call* himself WESSI.EY He is about thirty
five year* old. about fi c feet eight or ten Inches high, of
a yellow coinplextou. w ith some of his front under teeth
out, and a small scar over ono of hi> eyes, l do not recol
ect which eye The substribex will pay the above re
ward for the del. very of said bov to tae, or his coufine
uteut m jail so that 1 may get him.
Lou*' :«.(i» .Od 1< vvM*;* E. W JOHNSON.
FUL ON HOUSE,
ATLANTA. GEORGIA,
BY_A. W RKEVES
< 877.000 FEET OF LUMBER.
««:<>• the Athena Steam l or.ip.tuv
built for u> a Circular Saw M il, on which wo have
- awed four million eight hundred and seventy-seven thou
sand feet of Lumber b*wd n.oasure. (ft out the 17th of
July. to the litb January, 185»>' in eighteen mouths
or a! mi ten thousand rive hundred feet per day. But we
really sawed froui eleven to twelve thousand feet per
dav for wo .-opposed the Mills has been standing in the
eighteen .-•*»•.:us a: ’oast two months for want “flogs and
ocoa-. nal repairs. The above account is taken ftx.m a
b«x>k u which we charge ali the Lumber as we ship ft
from the Mill About cue halt'the Lumber saw ed U Rail
Road stringer*. 8 by v* inches, and the balance weather
boards flooring iui ii boards, and some one and one half
1 i 1 ) and two C-' uicb plank.
The iiupr vement >hi the head-blocks works fine, and
would ad* :se vou to use them 'n all votsr Mills.
Yours, reapeccfblly. \Y ADLEY *V REPPARD.
77 Mile Po-t. Central R. R. Geo . Feb. 13, 185« v
The above can be sustained by other certificates,
which we th uk not uec ssarv. since we are budding the
•ame CiLGi l\H SAW MIL Li. v*\>n iraoiif* cast in
one pi« i with improved Hcad-Bl«'cks aud Carriage
•Goaroxg to ord* : :“ceth*'r w ith STEAM ENGINES
aud BOILERS Finished SHAFTING. Mining and Mill
MACHINERY Pl MPs. Iron and Brass Castings
of ©very description. Wrought Iron Work. Finishing and
Retiring promptly executed.
Onr assortment of Flooring and other Mill Patterns are
not excelled being the improvements and accu
mulation of years
Comm»ni<’atious will receive prompt attention ad
dressed to REF BEN NICKERSON,
Agent Atheus Steam Company.
Athens Gw. mhia-w3m
j©HN D. REILLY,
ATTORNEY AT LAW, Augusta. Ga.. will prac
tice iu the Courts of Law and Equity in the counties
of Richmoud. Burke. Jefferson. Scriven. Warren and
Wlike* office in Masonic Hall Bmkling mhs-lv
BSALE
A CAST IKON WHEEL, whose diameter is 11
feet. \two of which are rimmed with wood.) and 14
inch * surface. The hub is 5 inches in the bore Also,
other parts of Machinery connected with a Saw Mill, will
be >< • I<l Price 34 cents per pound. Inquire at the Bel
Aii Mills uiyl7-dg£ w It
Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel.
Cjjrmiirlc it-
THE CENTRAL AMERICAN QT'ESTION.
Message from the president of the Untied Staten.
To the Senate of the Untied States :
Iu further answer to the resolution of the Senate
of t lie 1 , tli ot January laid, requesting aeopy of any
official correspondence not previously eorrmmnica
te.l, touching the convention between the United
State* and Great liritain on the 16th of April.
?85(l* I transmit a copy of an instruction of the 24th
m-tant . from the Secretary of State to the Minister
of the United States at London.
Franklin Pierce.
Washington, May 20, 1856.
Mr. Marry to J/r. Dallas.
[No. 13.) Department of State, /
Washington. May 26,1856. ]
Sir : — I am directed by the President to assure
you on the subject ol tlie difference of opinion be
tween the liritif-h Government and that of the Uni
ted .Stales regarding the construction and effect of
the convention of April 10, 1860, and the subject of
Central America generally, and to state to you the
views which the President entertains of that ques
tion as it now stands, in order that you may com
municate the same to the Earl of Clarendon, nerßri
taiiic Majesty’s principal Secretary of State for Fo
reign Affairs.
You are aware that there has been no direct
communication between the two Governments
on the main subject since the letter of your
predecessor Mr. Euchanan, to the Earl of Cla
rendon, dated September 11. 1855, his lordsliip'are
ply of the 08th of the same September, and a brief
rejoinder by Mr. Huchanan on the 4tli of the follow
ing October.
in his letter of the 11th of September, Mr. Bu
chanan, briefly recapitulating the conclusions ut
which the President had arrived on the whole case,
and which had been fully explained to the British
Government in his previous despatches, reminded
I»rd Clarendon that more than a year hud already
elapsed without any new step being taken by the
United States in the discussion, from unwillingness
to press the subject while the attention of her Ma
jesty’s Government was engrossed by the war with
Russia ; and he proceeded to say that the President
had directed him, before retiring from his mission, as
he was then about to do, to request from the British
Government a statement of the positions which it
had determined to maintain, more especially in re
gard to the Bay Islands, the Belize settlement, and
the Mosquito protectorate.
To this communication the Earl of Clarendon re
plied, stating, as the li nal opinion of her Majeety’fc
Government, that “the convention of April 19,1800,
wa» merely prospective in itn operation* and did not
in any way interfere with the state of things existing
at the time of it.s conclusion.’ lie repeats this idea
afterwards in other forms of expression, saying, in
one place, that “the Hritish Government consider
that the design of the contracting parties was not to
disturb any state of things then existing;” and in
another place, that, while the British government
have no wish “to extend the limits of their posses
sions or the spero of their influence” in Central
America, they “are not prepared to contract either
the one or the other, in pursuance of the interpreta
tion of a convention, to which interpretation they
cannotSsubscribe.”
Here, with the exception of the brief note from
Mr. Buchanan to Loru Clarendon of the 4th of Octo
ber, J 855, and that upon a single point only, the cor
respondence touching the general question has re
inamcd suspended.
It will thus be perceived that, in his closing
despatch, the Earl of Clarendon desists from all
further discussion of the main objects of contro
versy which had previously occupied the atten
tion of the two Governments, ana rests the case
Upon the single position, then at length definite
ly assumed and expressly announced, of a partic
ular hypothesis touching the construction of the
convention.
The President could not but receive this an
nouncement with equal surprise and regret, lie
would, indeed, have been constrained to regard it
as an abrupt and complete termination of all corres
pondence ou the subject between the* two govern
ments, and as imposing on this Government the
painful duty of solemnly declaring that the conven
tion had now ceased to be obligatory on the United
States, but for the following expressions in the Earl
of Clarendon’s despatch:
“The British Government sliare the conviction of
the President of the United States that the intcri sis
of the two countries and their mutual desire to
maintain existing friendly relations will alike inspire
each party with a conciliatory spirit, and enable
them to overcome all obstacles to a satisfactory
adjustment of Central American questions. The
British government see no reason why it should be
otherwise.”
This luiigunge on the part of her Majesty's Prin
cipal Secretary for Foreign Affairs, did have the
effect of preventing the President from dismissing
all hope of an amicable adjustment of the serious
misunderstanding which had grown up between the
two governments. lie would have been better sat
isfied if, in expressing the conviction that all obsta
cles to a satisfactory adjustment of the controversy
might, with conciliatory spirit on both sides, he
overcome, his lordship had pleased to indicate the
means which, in his judgment, were calculated to
produce so desirable a consummation. For want
of this the President lias been left to conjecture the
precise idea of her Majesty’s government. lie can
not be certain that his conjecture concerning it is
well founded; but he is induced by certain collate
ral incidents which have occurred, to infer that it
was the arbitration by a third power of the differ
ence between the two governments in relation to
Central America.
It appears by the letter of Mr. Buchanan to this
department of February 8, 1850, that on a recent
occasion Lord Clarendon had stated in the House of
Lords that he hud ottered to refer the whole ques
tion to the arbitration of any third power, and that
the offer had been renewed, in consequence of which
statement, Mr. Buchanan not being aware that anv
such otter laid formally been made by the British
Government, had au interview with the Earl of
Clarendon, for the purpose of explanation. In that
interview Lord Clarendon stated that the original
otter of which he had spoken in the House of Lords,
referred to expressions he lmd used in conversation
with Mr. Buchanan, at an early stage of the discus
sion on the subject of Central America, and that
what he bad said of a repetition of the offer was in
allusion to a despatch which lie had addressed to
Mr. Crumpton, the British Minister at Washing
ton, and which Mr. Crumpton had communicated
to tliis department, and he even proceeded to re
count the answer which, on that occasion, it was al
leged Mr. Crampton had received from me.
In relation to this important matter, as it has
since been fully manifested, there was misconcep
tion on both sides. In the first place, although the
note to Mr. Crampton has been written so far back
as the 10th of November, 1855, and in it Mr. Cramp
ton had been expressly “instructed ’ to communi
cate it to tins department, he had neglected to do
so, and it was not until a late hour iu the evening
of February *27, 1850, and in consequence of discus
sions in the Senate of the United States on the
subject, that Mr. Crampton executed his instruc
tions in this respect, and made communication of
!joi\l Cfnrendon s note of the previous November.
Iu the second place it had not been understood,
either by Mr. Buchanan or by his government, that
the suggestions of arbitration which Lord Claren
don had made in conversation with Mr. Buchanan
were intended by the former as a formal proposition
to that effect on the part of her Majesty’s Govern
ment. It* it had been so understood, tlie proposi
tion would have received at once the respectful
consideration of the President.
It would be superfluous now to dwell on the re
gret which the President enlertaius that a propo
sition of this nature, which her Majesty’s govern
ment intended as a final one, was not presented nt
t lie commencement iu such a shape as to have at
tracted to and fixed upon it the attention of this go
vernment.
The President has never ceased to be sincerely
solicitous to preserve unimpaired the friendly re
lations of tlie two countries, and in that spirit, pass
ing over all which there is of apparent informality
in the offer of the British government, and assu
ming the late communication by Mr. Crampton of
Lord Clarendon’s note of the 10th of November ns a
definite proposition, he instructs me to make the
present response to tlmt proposition.
At the very threshold is the question, wlmt is it
which shall be submitted to arbitration ! Lord
Clarendon, in his letter to Mr. Crompton of the 10th
of November, seems to assume that the difference
between the two countries is merely of the interpre
tation of the convention of April 19, 1850; but that
is not so understood by this government.
If, indeed, it should be determined in any way
that tlie American construction of that treaty is cor
rect—which is, that whatever may have been the
state of things previous to its date, yet, after that
neither the United States nor Great Britain is to
hold any possession iu Central America ; that when
the two’governments agreed that “neither will ever
occupy, rortify, or colonize, or assume or exercise
any dominion over Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Mos
quito coast, or any part of Central America,” the
stipulation comprehends, as to the acts enumerated
prohibition of their continuance as well as their ini
tiation. without which there could be no effective
neutralization of the American isthmus; —if I say,
such were the agreed of settled interpretation of the
treaty, then, indeed, such determination would
conclude all existing difference, and settle it in ac
cordance with the % iews entertained bv the United
States.
llut. on the other hand, it is not easy to see how
the adverse construction, if it were adopted by an
arbiter, could terminate the difference. Lord Cla
rendon oouoeivcs that the treaty “was merely pros
pective in its operation.” So it undoubtedly was
in one sense—that is, its engagements only took ef
fect at the time of its execution, and did but apply
to all future time.
Hut when he goes on to infer that the treaty “did
not in any way interfere witli the state of things ex
isting at ilie time of its conclusion,” he not only
assumes a consequence which does not flow from
the premises, but he also assumes a state of facts
which is controverted by this Government, and the
determination of which cannot derive the least aid
from the interpretation which he claims for the con
vention.
The Karl of Clarendon here assumes, without dis
tinctly asserting it, that at the date of the treaty.
Great Britain had “possessions’’ in Central Ameri
ca. The existence of such possessions, or, as he oth
erwise expresses it, the assumed fact of there being
“portions of territory occupied” by Great Britain
in Central America, would appear to be, what he
more than once speaks of, as “the state of things
existing at the time of its conclusion.' But this
Government does not understand that at the date
oi the treaty, Great Britain had any possessions or
ocv'ULued any temtory iu Central America, unless
the British establishment at the Belize, with its de
pendencies, as the same are defined by her treaties
with fcpam. are to l e considered as British posses
sions or territory in Central America. That is the
only possible construction of the declarations ex
changed between the then Secretary of State, Mr.
Clayton, and the British Minister, Sir Henry Bu!
wer* at the time of exchanging the ratification of the
convention.
Independent of that cogent consideration, this
government supposes that, as a matter of mere fact,
“the state of things existing" in this respect at the
time of the conclusion of the convention was a thing
of indisputable notoriety. I will not do her Majes
ty* government the injustice of presuming that
wh» n the Earl of Clarendon speaks of “pouses
ous of Great Britain iu that quarter, or ot “por
tions ot territory occupied bv it. he intends to be
understood as meaning anything but rightful pos
sesions ar.d 'iztijtui occupation—that is*, posses
&K>iw and occupation based upon the principles and
conformed to the public law which governs the in
ternational relations of the Christian States of Eu
rope ami America
Had Great Britain at that time anv such posses
sions or occupation in Central America > It so
it must have consisted either iu her relations to the*
Mosquito Indians, or to the Belize, or*to the Bav
laiands. -
As to the Mosquito coast, it is not under
stood that Great Britain now lavs claim to any * pos
sessions or any “ territory'* there. All she is sup
po*ed to claim is the nght to "protect" the Mosqui
to Indians. It cannot be alleged bv her that those
Indians constitute, or are competent to constitute, an
independent State, admissible as such into the fami
ly ot sovereign powers. Nor is it pretended by
Great Britain that in the name or on behalf of th«se
Indians she hereelf can, without eontraveatiou of the
treaty, assume or exercise political sovereignty in
any part of the Muscuito coast. Her Majesty's gov
eminent considers itself under obligations of honor
to protect the persons of those Indians, nothing
more, and declares that it is ready and desirous to
be relieved of that duty in any manner which shall
honorably assure the future condition of those In
dians Without entering here into discussion of
ttie question whether the convictions of dutv thus
entertained by the British government are well or
ill-founded, it seem* sufficient to say that there is
nothing in that branch of the subject which merit*
the solemnity of an arbitration by some third power,
or which ought to be regarded as incapable of being
settled at aay moment by direct intercourse be
tween the respective governments of Great Britain
and the United States.
Nor is it appreli nded that her Majesty’s gov
ernment is disposed to claim possession, either in
her own name directly, or in that of the Mosquito
protectorate, of the port of San Juan de Nicara
gua. It cannot but be admitted that that port was
an old possession of Spain, her right to which was
a> indisputable a* to Vera Cruz or Panama; that
she had a port of entry and a fort at or near that
place, ao long as she retained the sovereignty of
Central America; and that then her rights of sov
ereignty there, and of territorial possession, passed to
the republic of Central America. It is true that, at
a subsequent period, and shortly before the date of
the treaty now in question, a British force landed at
San Juan, expelled the authorities of the State of
Nicaragua which then held possession of it, and re
tained it for a while, as against that State, in the
name of the Mosquito Indians. It is true Great
Britain afterwards relinquished the place to the so
called people of Greytown, but the original taking
of it was her act—that is, she, in the words of Lord
Clarendon, placed l, a people under her protection
in possession” of San Juan. A protectorship so ex
ercised, and in the name of such persons as the
Mosquito Indians, would, it is plain, amount to prac
tical sovereignty. If admissible, under the name of
protectorship.for one of the contracting parties to
the convention, it would be equally so for the other:
and the United States might be impelled, for con
trolling reasons, to undertake a counter protector
ship of Indians or other persons in Central Ameri
ca. It is not supposed that Great Britain desires
to enter into any such line of policy of conflicting
protectorships m that quarter, or contends for any
construction of the treaty leading to such conse
quences, and, of course, no difficulty between the
two governments is apprehended on this point, any
more than in regard to the general relation of the
treaty to the Mosquito Indians.
Secondly. As to the Belize, it being conceded
that in pursuance of the explanations interchang
ed between Sir Henry Bulwer and Mr. Clay
ton, Great Britain is not precluded by any stipula
tion with the United States from continuing toexer
cise at that establishment all the rights which she
acquired from Spuin ; it would seem, also, that
there is nothing in that part of the subject which it
becomes the two governments to say to the world
that they cannot settle by themselves ; for, although
it is common in English books of geography and
others to give to the Belize the appellation of Bri
tish Honduras, still it is too well known to admit of
dispute that the Belize is not, and never was, any
part of Honduras, and her Majesty's Government
will not, it is assumed, as a matter of course, found
on a mere name any pretensions of extended terri
tory in that quarter to the prejudice of the territorial
integrity of the republic of Honduras.
Finally, there remains the question of the Bay
Islands, as to which there is more of controversy, at
least in appearance.
It is due to perfect frankness to say that the act
of her Majesty's Government establishing so late as
the year 1852, and in apparent contradiction to the
express letter of the convention of JBOO, a colony at
the Bay Islands, has left a disagreeable impression
on the minds of the Government and the people of
the United States.
Possessing, as (Beat Britain does, numerous colo
nial establishments in all parts of the world, many
of them in the West Indies, it has not been readily
seen what inducements of interest she can have had
to establish a new colony, under the peculiar circum
stances of the time, in the insignificant territory of
the Bay Islands.
Nor, on looking back beyond the fact of her
Majesty’s warrant establishing the colony of the
Buy Islands, and considering the state of tilings
existing in that quarter at the date of the con
vention of 1850, does this Government well see
on wliut ground it can be maintained that Great
Britain, ut that time had possession of the Bay
Islands, which could be deemed rightful, either as
respects her engagements with the United States or
the territorial sovereignty of the Republic of Hon
duras.
I do not understand the Earl of Clarendon posi
tively to assert that the Bay Islands are dependen
cies of the British settlement ut the Belize. He in
dicates, to be sure, an inclination on the part of the
British Government to maintain such a claim, but
he concedes, at the same time, that it is a “debata
ble question.”
The President does not permit himself for a mo
ment to entertain the idea that the Earl of Cla
rendon will insist upon any claim of right in Central
America incompatible with the most sacred re
spect for all stipulations of treaty, as understood
by her Majesty’s Government. Os course, he
looks to sec what are the rightful sources of British
title to the Bay Islands, suggested by the Earl of
Clarendon. He finds them in the “statement” from
the Foreign Office of May 2, 1854, as communicated
to Mr. Buchanan, and by him transmitted to this de
partment.
Her Majesty's government admits in that paper
that Ruutau was claimed and militarily occupied
by the former republic of Central America, as
successor to the rights of Spain, but asserts, at
the same time, adverse British claim manifested by
acts of authority, military and civil, and by actual
possession.
Occasional acts of military authority by the cap
tains of British ships-of war, or of civil authority by
the superintendent of the Belize, are insufficient, it ,
is obvious, to determine a claim of title as against ,
the counter claim of the republic of Central Ameri- 1
oa or the State of Honduras. No relinquishment of ]
tittle by the latter is alleged, except in certain de- 1
elarations reported to have been made by the Cen
tral American commandant at Truxillo, who, what- |
ever Ife may have said, could have no power to }
cede away the territory of Honduras.
The occupation of Kuatau by British subjects, as «
its origin and character are described in the “state- 1
ments,” presents none of the conditions of rightful <
possession. Its language on that point is : “Rua- i
tan has been of late years, without any instigation <
on the part of her Majesty’s government, sponta- 1
neously occupied by British subjects.” It is not 1
presumable that the spontaneous occupation of 1
Ruatan by British subjects, without instigation on 1
the purl of her Majesty’s government—that is, an 1
act of mere invasion by unauthorized private
pei-sons —will be perseveringly insisted upon by the
Earl of Clarendon as the foundation of claim by
Great Britain to the sovereignty, or even the right- «
ful possession, of the Bay Isamus.
II cannot have escaped the attention of her Ma
jesty’s government that the political condition of (
the Belize, as fixed by treaties, is not itself one of 1
territorial sovereignty, and therefore Great Britain 1
never could Jiave acquired it in the right of the <
Belize, and as* assumed dependencies thereof, the 1
territorial sovereignty of the Bay Islands.
In a word, this Government believes that the
Bay Islands belong to the State of Honduras, and <
that, therefore, the occupation of them, and still 1
more their colonization by Great Britain, are con- ]
trary to the tenor of her treaty with the United ;
States, as being the occupation and colonization of
apart of Central America.
But the British Government thinks differently, t
and upon the question whether the Bay Islands are s
subject to occupation and colonization by Great
Britain, notwithstanding her treaty with the United 1
States, the two governments are at issue. |
Upon this retrospection of the several points of 1
difference between the two governments the Presi- t
deni is not able to perceive that any useful result 1
would ensue to either from calling on a third power 1
to say whether the convention is or is not prospec- ]
tive 111 its operation, in the sense of that idea as ex- 1
pressed by her Majesty’s government; for if that 1
question should by any possibility happen to be re- 1
solved in favor of Great Britain, all the substantial 1
points of difference between the two countries i
would remain untouched, as being wholly indepen
dent of that question of construction. The dispute <
would still exist as to what rightful possessions at :
the date of tlie convention, Great Britain actually
lmd in Central America.
And if it is now contended by the British govern
ment that, in the name rs the Mosquito Indians,
Great Britain may take, with military force, and
hold, Sun Juan de Nicaragua, or any other point in
Central America, such a pretension would be so to
tally irreconcilable with all idea of the independence
or neutrality of the isthmus as to render the conven
tion worse than nugatory to the United States. In
stead of submitting to arbitration a pretension in
volving such consequences, or in any other way
consenting to restore effect to the treaty with such
possible construction, it would, in the judgment of
the President, be his duty to propose its annulment,
so as to release the United States from obligations
not attended by any benefits, and which obligations,
thus unattended, the United States did not intention
ally occur, they having entered into the treaty only
upon the supposition that absolute reciprocity of re
striction was incurred by Great Britain.
I repeat, if the treaty could, by any possibility
whatever, have the construction of leaving Great
Britain in the possession or military control of the
Atlantic coast of Central America, in the name of
the Mosquito Indians, and with power to colonise
insular positions commanding it, on the ground of
their haying been “spontaneously occupied by Bri
tish subjects,'* while the United States are restrain
ed from all such rights of control or acquisition, that
in the estimation of the President would be to de
prive the treaty of moral force, both because it
would cease to have reciprocal effect, and because
the United States did not intentionally enter into any
mu h engagement; and if such were a possible con
struction of the letter of the treaty, it would be in
cumbent on the President to consider whether it
wouid not then become the duty of the President of
the United States to seek for the most honorable
means of being discharged from such obligations, and
render themselves perfectly free to re-establish their
proper relation, as an American power, to the tran
sit routes of the American Isthmus and the general
independence of America.
In fiue, the President cannot consent to any act
which implies the existence of possible doubt on this
point. The convention of ISoO, construed in the
sense above supposed, would not be the treaty into
which the Uuited States entered. Nor can he do
anything which could be taken to admit, either di
rectly or implied, that there is question in his mind
relative to the true construction of that convention.
And he feels bound to take care that, in entertain
ing the present provision of arbitration, he shall not
be understood as actuated by the slightest feeling of
distrust regarding the treaty rights of the United
States.
But the President is not prepared to say that
some of the questions of fact, concerning which the
two Governments differ, may not be conveniently
determined by arbitration, or by some analagoiis
method.
Os this class of objects of inquiry is the question,
what are the rightful limits of the establishment at
the Belize on the side of the State of Honduras : the
question whether the Bay Islands do or do not be
long to that republic, ana the question what extent
of country s embraced iu the term Mosquito coast,
or is in the actual occupancy of the Mosquito In
dians. considered as Indians, and with such territo
rial rights only as that description of persons are
entitled fc» claim, according to the established pub
lic law of Great Breat Britain, of the United States,
and of Spain, or of the independent States which
have succeeded Spain in America . remembering
that no power exists on the part of Great Britain
and the Tjaited States to dispose of the sovereign
rights ot Nicaragua, or anv other State of Central
America.
All these questions of political geography regard,
in the first instance, the sovereigntv anu jurisdic
tion of the independent States of Central America.
Great Britain and the United States have no pre
tension thus to intervene, exoept for the purpose of
defining their own mutual obligations, ansing out of
the engagements they have contracted in order to
assure, so far as they are concerned, the neutrality of
the independence of the American isthmus. Regar
ded only as collateral considerations, affecting the
construction of the treaty between the United States
and Great Britain, they are questions, which, if not
determinable by agreement of the two governments
themselves, the* President would not decline to refer
to arbitration.
He is aware of many practical obstacles to the
adjustment of anv interti’ona! difference of this na
ture by arbitration, of which difficulties by Great
Britain and the United States bad experience, in
their attempt to settle, by such means, a previous
controversy on the subject of the boundary be
tween the United States and the British provinces
in North America.
TK* President does not doubt that any one of the
,“ ro P <r which should consent to under
take tue task of each an arbitration as is now pro
du'y with imperfect par
“r> appb ; to “7 power to do this would
be to ask of .t an act which .if granted bv it. would
add tons own demesne duties and labore the bur
den of settling[complicated difference, of other Go-
J moments He would greatly prefer that, in a con
£T I** j >rewn! ■ tura “? on points of politi
cal geography, the matter should be referred to
eome oue or more of those eminent men of science
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, JUNE 11, 185(3.
who do honor to the intellect of Europe and Ameri
ca, and who, with previous consent of their respec
tive Governments, might well undertake the task of
determining such a question, to the acceptance as
well of her Majesty's Government as of the United
States.
You are instructed, therefore, to enter into com
niunication with her Majesty’s Principal Secretary
for Foreign affairs in relation to Central America,
in order to ascertain, in the first place, whether ex
isting differences cannot be promptly by
direct negotiation: and if they cannot, then to dis
cuss the conditions «»f arbitration of those points of
difference as to which alone this method of settle
ment seems requisite or applicable; it being assum
ed that the other points ot difference would after
that yield, as of course, to conference between the
Earl of Clarendon and yourself, conducted in the
spirit of cordiality and frankness which belongs to
your personal relations, and which is dictated by
the true interests both of the United States anli
of Great Britain.
I am, sir, vour obedient servant,
\V L. Marcy.
George M. Dallas, Esq., &e., &cc., 6l c.
The Star Spangled Banner.
If the French hymn of liberty, the Marsaillaise,
was composed under exciting circumstances, the
Star Spangled Banner was inspired by events no
less patriotic, by our distinguished countryman, Mr.
Francis Scott Key, an able and eloquent lawyer,
an accomplished gentleman, a man of noble and
generous impulses. During the war with the Bri
tish, in 1811, Mr. Key was residing in Baltimore,
and hearing of the detention of a dear and intimate
friend, he started to obtain his release. He went as
for as the mouth of the Patapsco River, which en
ters the Chesapeake Bay, and is about eighty-five
miles north of the Potomac River. Here he was
arrested and carried on board a British man-of-war
belonging to the British lleet stationed opposite
Fort McHenry, the bombardment of which he was
compelled to witness. The English Admiral boast
ed before Mr. Key, that he would take the Fort in a
few hours, and tlie city of Baltimore within the two
succeeding days. The bombardment continued du
ring the whole day and the following night, without
making an impression either on the strength of the
works or the spirit of the garrison.
Our patriotic countrymau stood on the deck
watching, through the smoke which sometimes ob
scured it, the banner of freedom waving from the
fort. At length night came, and he could see it no
more. Still he watched, until at length dawn began
to bring objects around into distinctness. With
beating heart lie turned towards the Fort, and there,
waving in the morning breeze, high and uninjured,
was “The Star Spangled Banner, with its stars
and stripes—the flag of freedom and independence.
It was at this moment of joy and triumph that Mr.
Key, under the influence of patriotic excitement,
composed the Star Spangled Banner. After Mr.
Key had been liberated, and the British had retired
from Fort McHenry, without attempting the attack
on the city of Baltimore, he completed his patriotic
hymn, which was enthusiastically received then,
and has ever been considered as one of the national
songs of our country. At Washington, Mr. Barton
Key, tin- .-<>u of Mr. F. s. Key. (w^odied in 1843,)
was present, with many Senators, and all the dis
ting iished society of that city, when M’lle Parodi
and Mdme. Strakoach, repeated, amidst thunders
of applause, and waving of handkerchiefs, this
inspired verse, and he was most deeply moved by
the homage to the memory of his father’s genius.
After this vivid sketch of the scene which called
forth this popular national air, the reader will
doubtless be pleased to see the production, which
we subjoin.
THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER.
Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn’s early light,
What so proudly we hailed at the" twilight’s last
gleaming,
Whose broad stripes and brightstavs, through the per
ilous tight,
O’er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly
streaming i
And the rockets’ red glare—the bombs bursting in air—
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.
Oh, say, does that Star Spangled Banner yet wave
O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave ?
On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
Where the foe's haughty host in dead silence reposes,
What is that, which the breeze o’er the towering steep,
As it fltfuliy blows, half conceals, half discloses <
Now it catches the gleam of the morning's flrst gleam,
In full glory reflected, now shines on the stream;
And the Star Spangled Banner! Oh, long may it wave
O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave !
And where is that band who so vauntingly swore
That the havoc of war and the battle’s confusion
A home and a country shall leave us no more t
Their blood Ims washed out their foul footsteps* pollu
tion ;
No refuge could save the hireling and slave
From the terror of flight or the gloom of the grave.
And the Star Spangled Banner in triumph doth wave
O’er the land of the free, the home of the brave!
Ob. thus be. it ever, when freemen shall stand
Between their loved home and the war’s desolation !
Blest with viet’ry and peace, may the heav’n rescued
land
Praise the power that hath made and preserved us a
nation !
Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,
And this be our motto : In God is our trust.
And the Star Spangled Banner in triumph shall wave
O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave !
The London Times on the Enlistment Question.
In the London Times of May 14, there is a long
editorial on the correspondence between the United
States and Great Britain, which reviews the course
pursued by our Government in a very disingoneous
manner, and concludes in the followfng strain :
No one doubts that every independent state has
the right to prevent that which compromises its
neutrality—viz : the enlistment of its citizens or its
residents in a foreign army. It may insist upon this
specific with other nations. It may make it
the subject of a municipal law. But, when it has
once done either of these, we did not see how it can
also fall back upon the abstractions of an unwritten
code. It has already made its municipal law the
exponent ofits national rights, and the standard of
the penalty to be pronounced agniust the infringe
ment of those rights ; and it is to the municipal law
that every sensible man will look for definition of
the offence and an exposition of the penalty, and it
was the municipal law which Lord Clarendon had
been so anxious to respect.
But notcontent with this view of the case, Mr. Mar
cy extends by false translations, the purport of the
dicta which lie quotes on the subject under discus
sion, at I ributilig the same degree of criminality to
“raising’* of soldiers, or to “inducement to go and
enlist,” which the great writers on national law at- j
tach to the abduction or enlistment of soldiers from
or in a neutral State; this too, be it observed, at a
time when the vast majority of offers made to the
British Minister were entirely voluntary, and when
no small number of American citizens were actually
engaged in the Russian service ! The only interpre
tation which Mr. Marev's dictum will bear, is, that
her Majesty's servants had no right to announce on
any part of the American continent, even in her
Majesty’s colonies, any proposal for raising soldiers
for her army. Imagine any European State impo
sing similar conditions or exacting similar conces
sions from its neighbors!
Os the prosecutions to which Mr. Marey refers,
and on which he grounds his complaints, directed os
tensibly against collusive defendants, but in reality
against the British Minister and Consuls, of the
character of the defendants and the witnesses, of
their shameful mendacity and perjury, of the vio
lence of the State prosecutor, his pceans over our
presumed ill-success in the Crimea, and his denuncia
tions against the decaying aristocracy and tottering
Governments of the Old World, we will not say
much at present. Those who like may read them,
but we warn them they will do it at the risk of loan
ing that respect and that esteem which it is desira
ble that educated and intelligent Englishmen should
cherish toward the Amerieau branch of our great
family.
We will remind our readers that throughout the
whole of this dispute the amplest concessions have
been made—concessions almost trenching on the
sovereign rights of England; the most courteous
and conciliatory language held, the handsomest apolo
gies tendered by Lord Clarendon ; and yet that, af
ter all, the American minister persists in demanding
the recall of Mr. Crampton, and representing his
country as insulted by us, for no other reason which
we can see than that the English Minister at Wash
ington and the Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia
ventured to think that they might, within the limits
of the British provinces ot North America, enlist in
the Queen’s army men who had freely volunteered
thither from the United States! Englishmen who
read this correspondence will at least have the satis
faction of knowing that arrogance and querulousness
have not been exhibited on their side.
The North Side of Sevastopol. —Since the
conclusion of peace, communication is resumed
between the North and South sides of Sevastopol,
and the correspondent of the London Times gives
some particulars of an inspection of the Russian
Stronghold :
The communication between the north side and
the south is now very frequent and constant. Ferry
boats are numerous, many of them owned and
worked by those indefatigable Maltese, and the
usual charge is Gd. across. I have been over the
north forts, and have carefully examined, as far as
a civilian can, the defences of the place, and it
must be confessed that they are of a most formida
ble character. Fort Constantine bears very few
marks of the bombardment and cannonade of the
17th October, 1854. The crown of the arch of one
embrasure has been injured, and is supported by
wood, and the stone work is pitted here and there
bv shot; but the pits have been neatly filled in and
plastered over. The earthworks are scarcely
touched. Fort Catharine, or Xacliimoff (formerly
SuwarofF) is uninjured, but St. Michael’s, which is
badly built, has suffered from the French mortar
fire since we got iuto town. The citadel is covered
on all sides by prodigious earthworks, and the hill
sides are fun-owed up by lines of batteries bearing
on every landing place and every approach. The
aspect of the harbor is very desolate ; the wrecks
of the ships and the stumps of masts peer
ing above the waters, give it an aspect of solitude
which the boats flitting about cannot destroy. Here
is the grave of the Russian Black Sea fleet.' In one
line from Fort Constantine to the Quarantine and
Alexander Forts were sunk before the 17th of Oc
tober three 84’s, then one 120, then two 84’s and then
one 54. Inside this line was a strong boom which
would have brought up any vessels that had suc
ceeded in bursting through the sunken ships. This
outer line and the Doom itself was so much damaged,
however, by the gale of the 14th of November as to
be of little use. The second boom, consisting of
chain cables floated by timber, extended from Fort
Nicholas on the South to the west of St. Michael’s
Fort on the north Inside this boom were sunk,
commencing from the north side, a6O gun ship, an
84, a 120, an 84, and a 60 gun frigate.
Then come the bridge of boats from Fort Nicho
las to Bt. Michael’s. Inside that, in two lines, lie
the rest of the Russian fleet. The first is formed of
three 84 s, an 120, and an 110 gun liue-of-battle
ship : the second consists of a 7-gun steamer, a
6-gun ditto, a 13 gun ditto, and an 84 close to the
rums of Fort Paid. Nearer to Inkennann, in the
creeks and bays on the north side, are several
sunken steamers and five brigs-of-war and corvettes
and a schooner yacht sank or aground. The boats
of the men-of war are safe in one of the creeks which
our guns could not reach. The Russians do not wil
lingly permit any approach to the vessels on the
north side, and shouted at us lustily as we were en
gaged in examining the timbers. Although the te
redo has not yet attacked the wood, it is covered
with barnacles and slime, and from what we hear of
the ships it is not likely they will ever be raised as
men-oi-war again. To-day some sailors belonging
to the steamer Glasgow came on shore for an excur
sion into Sevastopol. In one of the ravines they
came upon a 13 inch shell, “all alive O," and of
course began to play with the delicate monster.
They rolled him about, and perceiving that the
powder tumbled out of the fuse hole, they collected
a quantity of it and proceeded to make a “devil,’’
in the immediate vicinity of the shelL They lighted
their “devil.’’which fizzed away most diabolically
for a second or two. when a train fire ran to the
shell, which burst with its usual strength and feroci
ty, sending its huge splinters all around. One of
these tore off one of the poor fellows' right leg,
wounded him in the other, and cut his temple open.
Another of the men was contused and cut by splin
ters of the shell, and was wounded in the face.—
The first was taken on board the Gladiator, and the
surgeon amputated his leg. His companion is in no
danger.
The Bank of Savannah has declared a dividend
of five dollars per share, from the profits of the last
six months, payabla on demand.
Patrick McDermott, attached to the up-train on
the Central Railroad, in attempting last night to get
on the train while in motion, at Station No. *2, fell
on the track, the cars passing over his right leg.—
He was brought to town ana the limb amputated
The Costa Ricans* Flixhr Irani Nicaragua.
By the arrival of th> -teamer Orizaba at New
York, we have the following details of Central Amer
ican news. The court-martial on CoL Schles
singer had sentenced the Colonel to be shot.—
Schlessj.vger, however, had broken his parole and
fled. General Wai.kf.r is in good health and spir
its There is no siekuess in the army, excepting at
Grenada, where the fever has been very severe,
quite a number of Americans having died with it.
From El N'.caragnente, May 3.
It will be perceived that the enemy have evacua
ted the State, and are now in Costa liica. The
most reliable n ports estimate the loss of Gene
ral Mora at 1,200 men, including those who were
killed in*battle, wounded and since died, and taken
off by disease.
Gen. Walker, with a larger part of his army, left
tliis city for Virgin Bay on Tuesday evening, and ar
rived at that place at daybreak next day, just six
hours after the enemy left San Juan del Sur. He
found at Rivas a large number of the enemy sick
and wounded, tegether with a letter from Jose Ma
ria Canas, commander of the Costa Rica forces, in
trusting these men to the generosity of Gen. Walker
and proposing, at some future time, to exchange
American prisoners for them. They were taken
care of by the General. Gen. Walker returned to
Granada*on Thursday, and after remaining in this
city two days, again departed this morning for Vir
gin Bay, where the headquarters of the army will
be temporarily fixed. I will be a matter of con
graulation to our friends in the United States to
learn that the transit route across from San Juan
del Norte to Juan del Sur has been re-opened, and
will be continued so hereafter. Tue almost entire
strength of the American force is now stationed on
the line of the transit.
Brigadier Gen. Fry will command in the depart
ment, the garrison consisting of the Second Light
Infantry Battalion.
Deserters Executed. —On the morning of the
10th of May, at 61 o’clock, two deserters were shot
on the plaza in the same spot where the traitor Cor
ral was shot. These men deserted immediately af
ter the battle of Rivas, and were subsequently cap
tured by the soldiers of Col. Mendez, on the road to
Leon. They were making for Realejo, witli the in
tention of embarking at tliat port for California, or
else going into Honduras. They were brought back
and tried by a regular court-martial and sentenced
to be shot. The execution was fulfilled on the mom
ingof the 10th.
Both of these men died bravely, and it is unac
countable that they should have fled from so im
aginary a danger us that apprehended from Costa
Rica. They were both Catholics, and the solemn
rites of confession were administered by the fath
ers of the Catholic Church. All the Americans
in the city were present at the execution, and
the plaza was pretty well filled with the people of
tli<- city.
They both advised the soldiers to remain fuitliful
to the service and never desert, for it was almost
certain their crime would overtake them.
From El Nicaraguause, May 10.
Some ten days since, Gen. Goicouria, with Capt.
Raymond’s company of Light Infantry Battalion,
left Granada to suppress the movement of the Ser
vilists in Chontules. The expedition landed at San
ta Baldo, where they discovered a party of Lancers.
The latter were immediately tired upon with effect,
when they quickly dispersed in every direction.—
Proceeding to Acoyapa, they found the town de
serted, but after some search a few persons were
found, and a proper example was made of one who
was known to be deeply implicated in the rising.—
After levying a contribution of one thousand dol
lars upon the town, an amount long due to the Go
vernment—the party proceeded to Juigalpa, where
they met and quickly defeated a large force of the
Legitimists. Here too, an example was made, and
the contributions due from certain parties in thut
region were collected.
Proceeding down to San Lorenzo Hacienda, sev
eral prisoners were taken, and one body of Serviles
of considerable number was dispersed. From San
Lorenzo the party proceeded to Comolapa, where
another example was made, and where the party
made collections of money and effects to a consid
erable amount. From Comolapa the Company
came gradually to Granada without meeting any se
rious resistance from the Serviles, and upon the
whole the party was highly successful in the objects
of their expedition, as well as fortunate in their es
cape from loss in killed or wounded, only one man
of the party, Lieut. Win. Lew is being hurt and he
was but slightly wounded in the cheek. The killed
of the Servilists amounted in all to ten, their wound
ed being quickly concealed by their friends.
The success of the party was greatly promoted by
the presence and counsel, as well as energy and
perseverance of Gen. Goicouria, the Intendencia
General, and the troubles in Chontales may be said
to be ended for the present. The bravery and good
conduct of each ana all of the command, is highly
praised, and the Serviles have received a lesson for
their future behavior which they will do well to re
member. The present wise and Provisional Go
vernment of Nicaragua is too strong to be shaken
by any effort the Legitimists can make to overturn
it, and they can only bring destruction upon their
own heads by their unwise and treasonable combi
nations.
During the absence of Gen. Goscouvia to the De
partment of Chontales and Juigalpa, they frequent
y heard of a band of disaffected troops, one hun
dred and fifty in number, who paraded the country,
robbing and harassing all the quiet people of the
district. They took every description of property,
and frequently pressed the Indians into their ranks
as soldiers. Two Frenchmen, who left tliis city to
mine near Libertad, were also forced to join the
party. Two officers of the bandit—one holding a
first lietenant’s commission under Chamorra, and
the second a captain’s—were taken and shot by
Gen. Goicouria.
The country through which our troops marched
was wholly deserted by the inhabitants, through
fear of the bandit crowd arrayed in opposition to the
Government. Gen. Goicouria, with twenty-five
men, challenged them to light, but lliey always fled;
and it is the opinion of the people that these strag
glers intend robbing until they are satisfied or close
ly chased, when they will go into Honduras.—
Major Rogers lias promised us a full description of
the route.
From FI Nicaragua use, May 17.
On Thursday afternoon, at 2 o’clock, Capt. James
Walker, of Company A, Second Light Infantry Bat
talion, died at Massaya, and was buried in this city
yesterday.
Capt. Walker was the youngest brother of Gen.
Win. Walker, and only arrived in this city about
three weeks ago. Owing to an exposure in the ser
vice of the State, he was seized with inflammatory
rlveumatism, which subsequently resulted in his un
timely death.
Correspondence of El Nic.aragucsc.
Virgin, May 11. —I have no news of importunes
to report, at least in connection with the army. The
health of the troops continue good, although there
have been some sickess and deaths since the army
arrived here.
The General having wisely concluded that the
enemies of peace and their own country shall fur
nish their full quota of support to those who are en
deavoring to establish the prosperity and peace of
the State upon a solid basis, there has been lately
no want of wholsome food for our men, and conse
quently no murmuring is heard on account of empty
stomachs and hard fare.
The steamer Virgin has been plying for several
days between this port and Ometepec, from whence
we have received provisions, horses and eattle, and
a few subjects for “tight-rope performances,” un
less they can prove themselves innocent of the
charges preferred against them. The Servile par
ty will find out by and by that treason, conspiracy
of murder and rebellion will not pay ; and that it
will be better to be quiet, at least, if not patriotic,
when their native soil is invaded by a foreign foe.
Rivas begins to exhibit signs of returning life ;
but it will be a long time before the marks and
scars of battle are entirely eradicated from her walls.
For several days past there has been a rumor in
circulation that the Costa .Rican Government has
sued for peaoe. Be this as it may there is a politi
cal storm brewing in that State before which the
Servile party will fall down like ancient oaks before
a whirlwind. A patient, toiling, industrious people
have been deceived into a disastrous war ; and as
its fearful consequences begin to be felt in every
cabin in the State, a wail of anguish mingled with
the ciy for revenge goes up to the very Throne,
calling to a bloody count the men who have deceiv
ed, betrayed and sacrificed their friends in a cruel,
needless and destructive war.
The Virgin Bay correspondent of the New York
Tribune, says in his letter of the *2lst ult:
It is not always easy to anticipate what a general
at the head of an army may do ; his success depends
sometimes on secresy, but the general impression
here is, that as soon as sufficient re-enforcements ar
rive, General Walker will carry the war into the
heart of Costa Itiea. He will be compelled to do
this in order to obtain sufficient plunder to pay his
troops, as they have not received their pay for near
ly three months, nor can they receive any until they
get it from the enemy either by force or treaty. —
There is but very little money at present in Nicara
gua. Some time ago the troops were allowed sixty
cents per week for washing. The most of them
drank the money. 1 understand they are now al
lowed much less. The impression here is, that Cos
ta Rica is rich —that in conquering her a sufficient
remuneration for all the trials and hardships of war
will be obtained ; and as every soldier in Walker’s
army seems fully confident tliat they will whip her,
they are anxiously waiting for the time in which
they are to be lea on. There is not likely to be any
more skulking as at Rivas, as the men are beginning
to be well disciplined, and the officers have by this
time learned their duty. Besides, there is probably
not a man in the army who has not made it a part
of his creed that Walker is destined to be yet at the
head of a confederation of Central American States.
Full of this idea, they look up to him with a respect
that amounts almost to reverence.
For a long time a great deal of uneasiness was
manifested about the arrival of the Sierra Nevada
steamer from San Francisco. On the morning of
May 19, all doubts were dispelled by the news of her
arrival at San Juan del Sur with about 500 passen
gers, including a reinforcement of 60 men for the
Nicaraguan anny. The intelligence of her arrival
was hailed with joy by those who were obliged to
wait a long, dreary and uncertain month at Grana
da. A steamer was dispatched immediately to bring
them to Virgin Bay. The number of the through
passengers who died while at Granada exceeded
seventy: two died on the steamer between that
town and Virgin Bay. while the state of health in
which manv appear to be justifies me in thinking
that they will die before they reach Francisco.
The Nicaragua correspondent of the N. Y. Herald
writes on the 23d ult.:
Colonel Wheeler, Minister Plenipotentiary of the
United States, passed down to Grey town a few
days since, to dismiss his family—they wishing to
visit home—when he took opportunity to see Cap
tain Tarleton, of the British frigate there on station,
and informed him that the American Government
would not tolerate his conduct in boarding our mail
or passenger steamers for the purposes of either
question or search, and that he must desist. Capt.
Tarleton apologetically said—“he did not wish to do
it, having no instructions from his Government, but
that the people of Greytown had asked his protec
tion from passengers and filibusters, as they had no
thing for tliem to eat.”
Nicaragua A flairs.
The correspondent of "iork Tribune,
writing from Virgin Bay. on the 21st ult., gives the
following details of the Nicaraguan and Costa Ri
can armies, since the battle of Rivas, on the 11th
April:
The war with Costa Rica has, since the battle of
Rivas, ceased. On the day the battle was fought,
Walker’s armv retreated to Granada. The battle
lasted seventeen hours, and although the Americans
claim to have won it. they were obliged to leave
the town in the possession of the enemy, as they
were entirely out of ammunition. W hen General
Walker reached Rivas, he did not expect that the
battle would last more than a couple of flours ; but
bis men had been marching between two and three
days—having eaten but little during the time—so
that when the engagement began, it was found that
scarcely a fourth part of them were available. Some
of them sat down, obstinately refusing to fight, and
such was their state of exhaustion that they de
clared it would be a satisfaction to them to be
killed by the enemy. But the officers who return
ed from the battle, and upon whom the brunt of the
fighting fell, say that their rnen refused to fight
through cowardice. When Walker entered Rivas,
he supposed he had about 600 fighting men, but
from all I have been able to learn, not more than
200 of the entire number could be induced to take
part in the battle. Some of the men, as soon as
they entered the town, broke into houses and began
to plunder, others, obtaining liquor by force, got
1 drunk, and dropping down in the corners, remained
there all day . but the greater part refused to fight
through absolute fear
On one occasion, during the day, General Wal
ker seeing a good opportunity to make a decided
charge, ordered an officer to take a certain num
ber of men to perform it. The officer stepped for
ward, commanded all who had bayonets to take a
number of paces to the front: but when the word
was given it was discovered that those who had
bayonets were throwing them away, After con
siderable delay a sufficient number of bayonets
were mustered, but when the officer placed himself
at the head of the column, and gave the words
Forward-March, the men refused to stir. Fearing
the men might have some personal pique against
the officer at their head, another—C*l. Kewen—a
brave officer—sprang La front, and crying out—
‘‘boys will you follow me,” gave the word to inarch,
but instead of obeying, the men began leisurely to
unfix their bayonets. In this crisis Gen. Walker
himself came forward, and commanded the men to
follow him to the charge, but paying no attention to
what he said, they turned about and ran behind the
houses for protection. Notwithstanding the cow
ardice of so many, there were some soldiers who
fought with the fierceness of fiends. The officers,
to a man, proved themselves brave. The fact of
their killing over 600 Costa Ricans, and main
taining their position against two thousand men,
under a continual fire, from 7 o'clock in the morn
ing until 1 o’clock the next morning, proves the des
perate bravery of the few men who did fight.—
Those who would not fight had never been in a bat
tie before, and the Costa Ricans would keep on
shooting so carelessly that they seemed indifferent
whom they might hit.
In the battle Gen. Walker lost comparatively
few men; but the fatigue of the marching, aud
sufferings from the effects of the battle began to
make sad work among them after they returned to
Granada. From what I have been able to gather,
I feel assured that the number he lost in the battle
of Rivas, added to the list of those that have since
died of wounds and other causes, would make not
less than four hundred men. It would exceed
rather than fall short of this number.
The Costa Ricans occupied Rivas about three
weeks. With unparalleled stupidity they threw
nearly all the dead bodies iuto the wells, the waters
of which were necessary for their own use. The
stench of so many dead bodies produced the chole
ra or some other nearly similar disease, which car
ried them off at a fearful rate. It is supposed that
Gen. Mora intended to make Rivas his headquar
ters during the rainy season, which is now setting
in ; but the mortality in his camp was so great that
he was compelled to return to his own territory. It
is rumored here that before he returned he was
heard to say he would never again leave Costa Rica
to fight, lie did not take back with him one-half
the men with which he started from home. While
the Costa Ricans were in Nicaragua they destroyed
much % aluable property. A wharf, running into
the lukc at Virgin Bay, which must have cost at
least $50,000, was burned by them. It will cost
at least $25,000 to repair it. A pier, too, at San
Juan del Sur, which cost the Transit Company
$125,000 for its construction, was burned to the wa
ter’s edge. It is said that these atrocities were com
mitted against the will of Gen. Mora, and that the
officer in command of the men who fired these struc
tures was placed immediately under arrest.
Shortly after, Gen. Walker made Virgin Bay—
which is only about eight miles from Rivas—his
headquarters. Troops were dispatched to San Juan
del Sur, so that now the Transit route is open.—
When the troops were passing through Rivas, they
found the streets barricaded in such a manner ns
led them to suppose the Costa llicans expected an
other attack. The barricades still stand, but Rivas
has been deserted by its inhabitants, and consider
ing the state of the wells, with other things, it may
be a long time before people will again consent to
live there.
A letter dated San Juan del Sur, May 16, which
has been received in New York, contains the fol
lowing additional particulars :
“The Costa Rican troops left this place on the
29th ult., aud General Walker has since that time
kept a force of about 400 men at Virgin Bay, where
he commands in person. This campaign has been
quite sufficient for the Costa Ricans ; they will
never again attempt to invade Nicaragua. At the
battle of Rivas on the lltli ult. they were 3,200
strong ; when they left this place on the 29th they
had but 1,900, of whom upwards of 300 were sick
and wounded.
“I do not think 1000 of the 3200 will ever see their
own homes again. We have news from Santa Rosa,
where they were three days ago, leaving their
dead and dying in scores by the road-side; their
own citizens tly from them, for fear of the pesti
lence, as if there were an [enemy. Within twelve
miles of this place there are upwards of 100 dead
bodies; of the 33 sick and wounded which they left
here, and were taken charge of by the Americans,
on the 20th, only eight remain this evening; the rest
are dead.
“Rivas is deserted, it is uninhabitable on account
of the stench from the dead of the Costa Rican ar
my. The war in this Republic is concluded, and
Walker’s power is more firmly fixed than it ever
had been before. President Mora acknowledged
that he found the inhabitants of Nicaragua in favor
of Walker, and that he had been most, egregi
ously deceived when he was induced to make war
against the Americans.”
Edmond Randolph Esq., a gentleman who has
taken u lively interest in the fortunes of General
Walker, and who is generally esteemed in Nicara
gua was reported to be dying of a pulmonary com
plaint nt Leon.
El Nicaragvense thus speaks of Col. French : A
general rumor having obtained circulation that Col.
Parker 11. French had been entrusted by the go
vernment with its business negotiations in New Or
leans, we think it but justice to the public at large
to deny the statement as altogether groundless.—
Col. French has no connection whatever with this
government; and as an evidence of this, we are
warranted in saying that he is at present engaged in
doing the Republic of Nicaragua all the injury his
genius is capable of.
News from the Republic of Honduras is of a pa
cific character, the President Guardiola having or
dered the Legitimist party into the interior of the
State from the borders of Nicaragua.
A courier arrived in Granada on the 16th May
from Leon, says El Nicaraguense, with despatches
from the President.
The Southern states are still quiescent, and as the
rainy season is about commencing, no fear of an
invasion need be apprehended during the next six
mouths. At the expiration of that time, if hostili
ties should be determined on, Nicaragua will be able
to send into the field an army, not only sufficient to
defend our own territory, but to carry the contest
into any adjoining state which may wage a war
against us.
Royalty in the Kitchen. —A litter from San
Juan del Norte says that Princess Phillippa, sister of
the negro King of Mosquito, is now a servant in the
house of a colored preacher at that place, named
Smith.
Kansas Allairs —The .Sacking of Lawrence.
A correspondent of the Missouri Democrat, , who
signs himself an Eye Witness, gives the following
details of the destruction of Lawrence city on the
21st, ult. We give it for what it is worth, premising
that we give credence to very few of the Kansas
stories, oil either side, that reach us :
A little before sunrise on Wednesday morning,
May 21, a body of men armed with United States
muskets and a cannon, appeared upon the hill about
three-fourths of a mile south-east from the town of
Lawrence. Additional forces continued to arrive
for several hours from the direction of Lecompton,
and also from Franklin. Between 8 and 9 o’clock,
part of the troops moved down to the north, by Gov,
Robinson’s house, to a hill immediately overlooking
the town. About 11 o’clock, U. S. Deputy Marshal
W. I’. Fain (three weeks from Georgia) with a pos
se of eight men, came into Lawrence. They were
respectfully received at the Eldridge House. The
Marshal first summoned several prominent citizens
to aid his posse, and then proceeded to arrest Judge
Smith and Col. Deitzler on a charge of high treason.
Judge Smith was sitting in the reading room of the
hotel, and when informed that the Marshal wished
to see him, he cheerfully went into his room and
submitted himself to the arrest. During these pro
ceedings there was no stir or excitement in the
town, and not more than twenty or thirty men were
about the streets. The Marshal and his posse took
dinner at the hotel, after which Col. Eldridge went
with his hack and conveyed the prisoners and a part
of the posse to the camp.
The Marshal now dismissed his entire posse, and
Sheriff Jones immediately summoned them all. And
then commenced the scenes disgraceful to humanity,
destructive to Kansas, and the end of which God
only knows.
About 1 o’clock, p. m., Jones rode into town with
a posse of twenty-five mounted men, armed with
muskets and beyonets. They proceeded to the
hotel, and Jones called for General Pomeroy, lie
came to the door. Jones stated he had several
times been resisted in that place—attempts had
been made to assassinate him—and he now declared
that lie was “determined to execute the law if he
lost his life.” “And now,” said he, “I demand of
you, as the most prominent man in the place, the
surrender of all the cannon and Sharp’s rifles that
you have, and I give you five minutes to decide
whether you will give them up, taking out his watch
and noting the time.
The General went up to the committee room and
returned in a few minutes and replied.that the can
non would be given up ; but that there were no
Sharp’s rifles in the place except such as were pri
vate property, and that those could not be surren
dered. Jones seemed to be of opinion that they
had rifles which were not private property, and
requested him to stack all they had in the street, and
said that such as could be proved to be private pro
perty would be returned. By this time the whole
posse, variously estimated from 500 to 800 men,
were marching down the hill, and coming into town
on the south side.
The cannon (four pieces) were produced and car
ried through the street. One was a brass six-pounder,
the others little pop-guns, which a man could com
fortably carry on his shoulders. No rifles were de
livered up. Jones now told Col. Eldridge, who oc
cupied the hotel and owned the furniture, that the
hotel must be destroyed ; that he was acting strict
ly under orders. The Grand Jury at Lecompton
had declared the hotel and presses at Lawrence a
nuisance, and ordered him to destroy them. He
would give Col. Eldridge an opportunity to remove
his furniture, and for that purpose he might have
until 5 o’clock.
It was then 3i. Col. Eldridge replied that the
furniture could not be removed in less time than
half a day, and desired a longer time. Jones re
fused. “Then,” said Eldridge, “give me time to
remove my family ; that is all I ask.” A part of the
furniture was afterward removed by the posse as
plunder, but most of it was burned with the house.
By this time the “law and order" mob was pour
ing into the streets, and the residents, men, wo
men and children, sought shelter in the adjoining
woods.
The first property destroyed was the press of Th
Kansas F.'ie State, which was into the riv
er, and everything pertaining to the office with ex
changes. paper, ana a large quantity of miscellane
ous books was thrown into the street, muitilated
and destroyed. The flag of the lone star (“South
Carolina and Southeridßights”) was hoisted first up
on the house of G. W. Brown, of The Herald of Free
dom. and afterward upon the hotel. Brown’s press
and everything in the office shared the same fate
as the other, and a wagon load of books and papers
was trampled in the street.
Jones promised in the commencement that no
private property should be destroyed. But houses
were broken open, and rifled of whatever suited
the fancy of the mob. Locks, bolts, or bars, were
no security. Windows and doors were broken open
and destroyed, and money and valuables to a large
amount missing. It was currently reported, and
uncontradicted. that SB,OOO, chiefly in money, were
lost from one house.
About 5 o’clock three cannon were placed in the
street twelve or fifteen rods east of the hotel, and
some thirty shots were fired, shattering the wall con
siderably, but proving altogether too slow a method
of destruction for these “law and order” men.—
They then set fire to the building in different places,
and put several kegs of powder under it. The
flames and smoke soon burst out at the windows,
and the whole building was in a blaze. The walls
trembled and fell, and the shouts and yells of the
mob proclaimed the triumph of “ law and order” in
Lawrence. While the hotel was burning, the house
of G. W. Brown was twice set on fire. The floor
was burned through. The fire was finally extin
guished by some young men of Lawrence. The
mob threatened to shoot them, but they were not de
terred. If his house had burned, several others
must certainly have bent destroyed, and there would
have been danger of burning nearly half the town.
Many of the mob were been on destroying every
house in the place, and speeches were made urging
the destruction of the whole town. Atchison. it is
said, advised moderation. CoL Jackson, of Geor
gia, with many othere, were opposed to the burning
of the hotel. A tender heartea man from Missouri,
who had come out to exterminate the d—d Aboli-
tionists, shed tears at the sight of the destruction of
property of innocent, unoffending men, as he found
them to be. The mob began to disperse an hour be
fore sunset, and at sundown most of them had left
the town. A few, overcome by excitement or stu
pefied by liquor, lay inseusible in the street. They
were unbanned by the people of Lawrence.
In the evening Gov. Robinson's house was set
on fire and burned to the ground. And thus ended,
for that day, the execution of the “law” in Law
rente.
The women and children of Lawrence slept
that night either beneath the friendly sheltering
trees along the banks of the Kansas, or* huddled to
gether in small houses or cabins on the outskirts of
the town.
One man of the posse was killed by the falling of
a brick from the hotel.
The report that a Free State man was killed at
Lawrence, on the 21st, I think a mistake. I think it
has reference to a most cold-blooded murder com
mitted by them on tlie 19th inst., at Blanton Bridge,
three miles south of Lawrence, where a mail named
John Jones was shot after he delivered up his re
volver; tlie man who shot him saying as he did it.
“ I have shot one G —d d—d Abolitionist, and I’ll
shoot another.” Jones was from Illinois. He died
thfi next night.
From the numbers whom I have seen returning
and from credible information, lam of opinion that
there were three men from Missouri to one from the
Territorv engaged in this invasion.
The Free-State men had made no preparation for
defence, and no resistance was attempted. Men
from all parts of the Territory would nave come
to assist them, but they did not desire it. So long
as there was hope in peaceful measures, they would
resort to no other. I greatly fear that time is past,
nud that the scenes of the 21st will prove to be the
commencement of a civil war in Kansas.
For the Chronicle <V Sentinel.
MAY MORNING.
The skylark is singing, the day is just dawning,
Aurora has gilded the East,
And crimsoned the hill-tops with glories of morning,
Prepared for a holiday feast.
The prairies and forests with beauty are beaming,
The diamond-dew dances with light—
All nature delighted, is raptuously teeming
Her tjpasures so glorious and bright.
The gentle-eyed violet and the snow-drops so pale
With colors as modest as true—
And tlie dignified lily, fair queen of the vale,
Is dressed iu her bridal hue.
The timid young daises and rose-buds are blushing
With sweetness and loveliness rare,
The fountains of Spring, In their lowly glens gushing,
Are tilling with music the air.
The light balmy breeze whispers love to the flowers,
The wild birds are singing with glee,
While melody, beauty aud fragrance are our’s ;
Whose heart is not happy and free I
Yes, Hope to the world in her green robe is dawning,
Fair Nature seems joyous and gay ;
Then up with the sunbeams to gladden tlie morning,
’Tis May-day, sweet Spring-time, young May!
Flora.
Mr. Everett on the tSign* of tlie Timed.
Boston , June 2.—Hon. Edward Everett on the
occasion of delivering his famous address on the
life and character of Washington at Taunton, on
Friday, after alluding to the pleasure with which
lie always dwelt on his theme, continued us fol
lows :
“But with the satisfaction which I feel at address
ing you at this time, are mingled profound anxiety
and grief. A sadness which I strive in vain to re
press overwhelms me at the occurrences of the past
week; and serious apprehension forces itself upon
my mind that events are even now in train with an
impulse too mighty to be restrained, which will
cause our beloved country to shed tears of blood.—
Through all her borders in generations yet to come,
civil war with all its horrid train of pillage, fire and
slaughter, will be carried on without, the slightest
provocation against the infant settlements of our
brethren on the frontiers of the Union. The worse
than civil war raging for months unrebuked at the
Capitol has at length with a lawless violence, of
which there is no parallel in the annals of constitu
tional government, stained the floors of the Senate
Chamber with the blood of a defenceless man ; and
he a Senator from Massachusetts.
Oh ! my good friends, these arc events, which, for
the good name, peace, ami safety of our country, it
were well worth all the gold of California to blot
from our record ! They sicken the heart of the pa
triot, ot tlie good citizen, of the Christian. They
awaken gloomy doubt whether the trials, sacrifices
nnd sufferings of our fathers for the sake of found
ing higher and purer and freer civilization in this
Western continent, than the world lias yet seen,
have not been in vain. For myself, they fill me
with sorrow, too deep for tears ! lam not ashamed
of the weakness, for I sorrow, not for myself—my
few remaining years, running too rapidly to a close,
do not allow me to attach much importance to any
thing this side the grave, which concerns me indi
vidually. But I sorrow, far beyond the power of
words to express, for the objects of affection which
I leave behind—for my children and country ! And
God is my witness, that if by the laying down of
iny poor life this hour I could undo what has been
done in the last two years, beginning with the dis
astrous repeal of the Missouri compromise, I would
willingly and cheerfully make the sacrifice. Did I
not think there is a healing charm in that attach
ment of veneration to the character of Washington
—almost the only remaining kindly sentiment
which pervades the whole country ; and in the con
templation of that character, there is a spirit, a wis
dom to guide and love—to sooth nnd unite, I would
even now throw myself upon your indulgence to
excuse me from the duty of the evening.”
Fire from Phosphorus. —The Sandersville
Georgian says : Quite an alarm was produced in
Sparta, recently, by the combustion of ajar of phos
phorus in the drug store of Brown Pendleton.—
The apothecary was absent at tlie time, and the
door locked. A smoke was seen pouring out at the
windows, when the doors were forced open by Mr. T.
C. Audas and the blaze which had now obtained
considerable magnitude, soon extinguished. The
danger, however, did not stop here. Particles of
the combustible had been scattered all over the
house and pavement, and could be seen occasional
ly igniting and sending forth the peculiar fumes of
phosphorus. The danger became still more appa
rent as night came on. The instertices of the floor
and shelving of the store aud the pavement in front
was luminous with phosphorescent particles. Occa
sionally it could be seen in the streets, before other
stores and dwellings at distant points, curried thith
er on the shoes of passengers. The result was a
strict surveilanc.e had to be kept up during the night
to prevent its breaking out. We suppose the tin
jar which contained tlie phosphorus sprung a leak,
which exposed it to the atmosphere, and produced a
slow combustion, nnd finally an ignition. By the
frequent application of alcohol the scattered parti
cles were ut length dissolved, having done but little
damage, producing more smoke than fire.
Gen. Green’s Family.— There has been a report
in circulation for some time, that the grand children
of Gen. Greene are in destitute circumstances. It
appears that there is no foundation whatever for the
report. The Providence Journal presents some
facts relative to this subject. The oldest son of Gen.
Greene, George Washington, was taken to France
by Lafayette in 1785, (the year of his father’s death,)
when about nine years of age, and was cared lbr
and educated by the distinguished patriot. After
the execution of Louis XVI. his motuer, fearing for
Lis safety, sent for him, and lie arrived home in
1794, and was soon after unfortunately drowned in
the Savannah river. He was then only eighteen
years of age, and left no posterity. 11 is youngest
son, Nathaniel Hay, is now living in this State, in
independent circumstances. Gen. Greene left three
daughters—Martha Washington, Cornelia Lott, and
Louisia Catharine. They ail married Southern gen
tlemen—two of them twice—and they and their pos
terity have always occupied highly lespectable po
sitions in society. The second of them, Mrs. Little
field, is now living at the South, and is seventy-nine
years of age. She is an intelligent and accomplish
ed lady, and some of our readers may recollect that
we published last summer an interesting letter writ
ten by her respecting a portrait of Washington by
Stuart. It may not be improper to say that there
are now living in this State many of the family and
the blood of Gen. Greene. Some of them are afflu
ent, some of them possess redundant wealth, and
not one of them, justly proud as they all are of the
fame of their great kinsman, would suffer his imme
diate posterity to eat the bread of charity, grudg
ingly bestowed by the hand of strangers.— Wilming
ton {N. C.) Commercial.
Barbarities in Italy. —The Duchess Regent
has abandoned Parma, and the whole civil au
thority has been placed in the hands o t the Aus
trian Count Crenneville. As to the Roman Lega
tions, we extract the following statements from the
papers •
“In Bologna, having a population of 100,000 souls,
the papal Government have caused 178 persons to
be shot by the Austrians. At Ferrara, Lugo, Imo
la, Fa< nza, Singigaglia, and Ancona, the number of
victims has been enormous. Beside the prisoners
condemned to death, there are—lst : Prisoners
conde nned to he ■publicly bastinadoed, and whose
name i are published in the Government journals ;
2d : Prisoners condemned to be bastinadoed in their
dungeons , and the number of whom is unknown ;
3d : The admonished, whose number exceeds twen
ty thousand souls ; 4th : The outlawed and exiled
should be added to the account of the happy citizens
of Roman States, but the number of these latter is
not known.
“As regards ordinary crimes unconnected with
politics, in the city of Bologna, which is governed
by priests and Austrians, there were in the first six
months of 1855, 900 offenses against property, rob
beries of all kinds, etc., without taking any account
of extortions by threats and denunciations.”
Texas News. — Steamboat Explosion and the
Captain Killed. —The stern wheel steamer, Lizzy
Lake, was brought into the port of Galveston on the
xißtli instant, two sloops taking her in tow. She ex
ploded her boiler about forty-five miles from that
city, on Sunday, at half-past one o’clock, killing and
throwing overboard Captain Montgomery who com
manded her, and was part owner, and scalding five
of the crew but not dangerously. Capt. Montgom
ery was on the deck when the explosion took place,
and the whole deck carried away, and he has not
been heard of since.
This steamer was obtained in New Orleans ex
pressly for the trade of the Guadalupe river, being
intended to run between Powder Horn and Victo
ria, and was on her way out when she met with this
sad disaster. The hull of the boat is not injured, but
her deck and cabin, immediately over the boiler
have been entirely carried away.
Death of an Old Texan. —Col. Bob Wilson of
Houston, died on Sunday, the 2otU instant, and was
buried on Monday by the Masonic fraternity. Col.
Wilson says the Telegraph, was born December 10,
1793, and came to Texas as early as April 1828.
Homicide. —Another of those sad occurrences,
says the Central Texan, so frequent of the in our
county, took place this week some fifteen miles
above here. A Mr. Ingram was shot and instantly
killed by Benjamin Stuckey. The cause of this af
fair we have not learned, though the killing ia said
to have been self-defence.
Indian Difficulties. —Recent intelligence from
Fort Mason reports another conflict between the
United States troops, under Capt. Oakes, and the
Indians.
A Railroad between Cairo and Suez. —A
letter from Alexandria states that the Viceroy has
given the necessary orders for the construction of a
railway between Cairo and Suez, a distance of 8-1
miles The rails are to be taken from England, and
the Pasha’s own engineers, who are Frenchmen, are
to carry out the works. In about three years from
this time it may be hoped that a railroad will run
quite across the country, and the transit of passen
gers, which now occupies more than two days of
uncomfortable travelling, will be reduced to ten or
twelve hours of easy conveyance. Another letter
says that the railway between Alexandria and
Cairo has been yearly completed, and, according to
the last advices, is about to be opened for passen
gers and goods. The importance of this communi
cation, in superseding both the canal and the Nile
passage, and shortening the transit between the two
cities to about eight hours, will be readily apprecia
ted by every person who has travelled across Egypt.
— Balt. Amer.
Prince Torlonia, the Colossus of Roman bankers,
has left the Eternal City for Naples, whence he pro
ceeds with the princess, his family and suite to Far
is, and it is reported that his establishment will be
brokeH up, and the firm closed. The ncm-renew»l
of the salt and tobacco contract, and tfc; enmity of
Cardinal Antonelli, are said to have disgusted the
prince with Rome.
VOL. LXX.—NEW SERIES VOL. XX. NO. 24
The EnliMtincnr question.
The Charleston Mercury publishes a full report
of the debate on the enlistment question, which oc
curred in the Senate on the reading of the Presi
dent’s Message announcing the dismissal of Mr.
Crampton, and adds :
The debate covers all the leading points of the
case, and is distinguished for ability and good tem-
P er - _ltisto be hoped, that this last feature, har
monising, as it does, with the tone of Mr. Marcy's
despatch, will convince the English Government* of
the friendly disposition of the United States, nnd
prevent any serious misundeistanding between the
two nations, upon a matter, which iu fact, is of very
little consequence.
But, while we admit the legitimate right of the go-
eminent to act as it has done, and to carry out
practically the decision of its own Courts of Justice;
and, while we deny that this action affords any just
ground of resentment or complaint on the part of
the government whose agents are thus rebuked, we
feel bound to say, that in the present case, the na
tional honor was satisfied by Lord Clarendon’s last
despatch. The disclaimer of the English govern
ment, of any intention to injure our laws—the de
nial of all instructions which could justify such con
duct upon the part of its officials—the frank expres
sion of regret, if these laws had been inadvertently
violated—aud these admissions, backed by the of
ficials themselves—all make a case in which our go
vernment might have exercised a wise and magnnn
mous forbearance. We are of the opinion that
there never was in the question sufficient cause for
protracted and warm correspondence between the
two countries, and that a high statesmanship would
not have elevated into importance so inconsidera
ble a matter.
The British Government certainly cannot take
serious offence at the dismissal of its agents, with
out contradicting the spirit of the declarations made
a few months since by Lord Palmerston. When
questioned in Parliament as to what action the Bri
tish Government had taken with reference to the
imprisonment of its Consul at one of the Russian
ports, convicted of the attempt to recruit soldiers
for the “Foreign Legion,” he replied, that the im
prisonment was in consequence of the decision of a
legal tribunal of that country, aud that the British
Government could not go behind the decision of
such tribunal to inquire wuetherpt was well founded
or not. The answer was considered satisfactory by
Parliament. Tlie case is precisely parallel to that
of the British officials in this country, who have
been similarly convicted by a competent tribunal,
only that no indignity or punishment has been in
flicted upon them, and that the United States lias
simply refused to recognise them any longer in their
official capacity.
It was certainly bad statesmanship on the part of
the British Governme.it, to decline withdrawing
these officials, when the decisions of our Courts had
made it manifest that they could no longer enjoy the
confidence of our Government. They are sent
here, not for our sakes, but to protect the interests
of the country which sends them, and they cease
to be efficient agents when they forfeit the
confidence of the country to which they are ac
credited.
Bounty Land Warrants.—Abstract of tlie
business of tlie Pension Bureau, under the act of 3d
March, 1855 :
Total number’of applications received 219,000
“ examined or re-examined 256,000
“ allowed - 139,021
“ warrants or cert ifieates issued.. 138,958
To satisfy the warrants already issued will require
16,376,640 acres, as follows, viz :
28,356 warrants for 160 acres each 4,537,960
75,158 “ 120 “ 9,018,960
34,941 “ 80 “ 2,975,280
222 “ 60 “ 13,320
277 “ 40 “ 11,080
4 “ 10 “ 40
138,958 16,376,640
Os the applications allowed Inst month, 1,429
were for solaiers who rendered service in the revo
lution or the widows of revolutionary men, being a
larger number than has heretofore been allowed
since the passage of the act of 3d March, 1855.
The act of 14th May, 1856, in amendment of the
above act, repealing the requirement of record evi
dence, accounts tor the large issue of warrants for
revolutionary service.— Xat. Intel.
Shocking . Murder. —Wo have mentioned the
burning of the house of Jacob Friend, near St.
Josephs, Mo., on Wednesday night, with himself,
wife and five children. A correspondent of the St.
Louis Republican says:
Tlie cabin contained but one room, about sixteen
feet square, with two doors, a window and a lire
place. The window and the fire place were iu the
opposite ends, and the two doors in the opposite
sides. On either side of tlie window, with their feet
toward the doors, had stood the beds in which the
family slept. From where the beds stood, egress
was easy and convenient through the window and
the doors. It was hardly possible, then that seven
persons—a man of 45, a woman of 40, a young man
of 18, a girl of 16, and three small children—could
have been burned from fire originating in the tire
place. There were too many ways of escape. Nor.
for the same reason, could tliey have been burned
to death if fire had been communicated to any part
of the building. The conclusion, then, before any
examination, that murder, most foul and unnatural,
had been busy with his bloody knife, before the pyre
was ignited.
This conclusion was confirmed by silent evidences
which lay around. There, in the corner, near the
fire place, was a skeleton, and there, just in front of
the fire place, was another ; and where the beds had
stood, were all the others—a large one with the
smallest clasped in its arms, and the rest clustered
near. These were evidently the mother and chil
dren ; those near the fire place, the futhcr and son.
By one of the latter was a large knife, and by the
other a three-pronged pitchfork with points ex
tremely sharpened, and the barrel of a gun ; and in
front of the house u revolver was found. The jury
of inquest are now sitting. They have arrived at
no further conclusion as yet, than that it was a hor
rible murder.
A Motley Crew.—ln an article on the forth
coming Cincinnati Convention, the Lynchburg
Virginian has the following, touching the motley
herd who will be there assembled :
It will be composed of nearly six hundred dele
gates, drawn together from the four quarters of the
country, and representing every variety and shade
of opinion known under the comprehensive name of
Democracy. Men who advocated the Wilinot Pro
viso, and men who opposed it. will be there ; men
who favored the Kansas bill as a measure of free
dom, and men who supported it as conducive to
Southern interestsmen who believe in squatter
sovereignty and men who repudiate it; men who
hold the doctrine of the l ight of secession, and men
who think secession little Detter than treason ; men
who call for a protective tariff, and men who glori
fy free trade ; men who advocate internal improve
ment by the federal government, and men who pro
nounce all such measures n violation of the Consti
tution ; men who demand a distribution of the pub
lic lands or their proceeds, and men who denounce
such a system as case and corrupting ; men who vo
ted for or availed themselves of the benefit of the
bankrupt law, and men who declaimed against that
law as robbery and swindling ; men who worshipped
and men who loathed Andrew Jackson ; men who
deified John C. Calhoun, and men who thought lie
should have been hung as a public malefactor ; and
yet the attempt will be made to bring all these men
together on one political platform, and the pretence
will be set up that the democratic party are united,
and that there is but one democratic faith,
A Strange Story.—The Paris correspondent of
the New York Evening Post tells the following
strange story, the truth of which, he says, may be
relied on:
The Abbe Viguali, Confessor to the Emperor Na
poleon at St. Helena, carried about with him, sewn
up in his garments, the last will and testament of
the fallen monarch, in which he declared excluded
from the succession to his throne the two sons of
the King of Holland, as a punishment for their
father’s treason. This will, which has for a long
time remained hushed in grim repose, has at last
fallen into the hands of Jerome, who threatened to
give it publicity, and demanded from his nephew a
high price for his discretion. He has, it is said, sold
it to the Emperor, by whom it was destroyed. Had
it, however, been made public, it would nave fallen
still-born upon the world. We are uow wandering
in the dominions of fact, and this tardy protestation
of the great Napoleon would have exercised little or
no influence on his successor.
Communism Dying Out.—The reader is doubt
less informed of the fact that since the expulsion of
the Mormons from Nauvoo, Illinois, the site of that
haa fallen intotlje occupation of Mons. Cabet,
who, at the head of a body of French Socialists, en
titled the Icariun Colony, has for a few years past
been endeavoring to put into practice there the
principles of communism. For some time they got
on only passably well; but at length the apple of
discord has rolled in and the Community become so
divided, that whilst Cabet himself aud a minority of
the colonists are understood to advocate immigra
tion from Fiance, a majority opposes such a course,
and directly warns their foreign brethren against
risking the chances of much discomfort and suffer
ing, owing to the divided condition of the colony.—
If we mistake not, all the numerous Phalansteries
that seven years ago dotted the Northern and Mid
dle States have died out, and that the Icnrian Com
munity should timely follow their fate may be rea
sonably expected.— Nat. Intelligencer.
The Force of Beauty.—The force of beauty in
universal and the homage as general, but it is not
always that one hears in the street its pretty a com
pliment as we did the other day. Walking along
one of the streets up town, an ordinary looking man
arrested the progress of a very beautiful young
matron, witli a young child in her arms, by the ex
clamation—“A word with you madam, if you
please V\ She stopped, and turning opposite to
him, said, “What cfo you wish, sir V’ “Nothing,
madam, only to see if the babe is as beautiful as the
mother !” We thought for a moment, that she
seemed a little vexed, but her countenance soften
ed quickly, and smiling, she kissed tlio infant nest
ling in her arms, and passed on.— New York New*.
Condensed Egg.—A process has been devised
by Messrs. Thurgar, of the Albion Mills, Norwich
for drying eggs, so that they will keep good for any
length of time. This is effected by evaporation.—
The yolk and white of the egg are exposed to a
slow heat, and the moisture is thus driven off. The
whole is then reduced to powder and pucked up in
ting. The material is not necessarily kept air-tight,
but may be freely exposed to the air. The powder
is used in the ordinary way as eggs are, being mix
ed with a little water and thus an excellent sub
stitute for milk on long voyages, besides capable of
being used for all cooking purposes in the same
way as the fresh egg. The powder will keep any
length of time without fear of deterioration.—Lon
don Paper. _
An Executive Reason.—A singular case of exe
cutive clemency took place in Mississippi, a short
time since, in the pardon of one Hassly, a foreigner,
lie had been convicted and sentenced for selling
liquor to negroes. Application was made to Gover
nor Mcßea for his paraon, and the argument used
in his favor, was, tliat he was “a foreigner, a short
time in this country and unacquainted with the law.”
The wife oi said Hassly was two years previously
indicted for the same offence, still it was pleaded he
was ignorant of the law ana he had berm in the
country too short a time to know anything of it.—
Hassly came to this country in 1860, was natural
ized in 1856, was convicted and sentenced to prison
the very next day, and pardoned in three months
after on the ground of ids being “ a foreigner, a
short time in the country and unacquainted with
the law.” This is rather a commentary upon the
present naturalization system. He lou K
enough here to be made a “good citizen, but no
sufficiently long to entitle him to just punishment
for an infringement of our laws-at least so thought
the humane Democratic Gov. Mcßea.
The DismissaiofMr. Crampton calls to mind the
ease of Mr Jaekson, the British Monster, wlio was
dismissed ini SOW, for grossly offenWe oonduot
He had just returned from Denmark, where he had
been tosolent and overhearing. Ourgovernment
would not submit to his arrogant e. Ihe hecriiai >
of State informed Mr. Jaekson that no further com
munication would be received from him. Piuek
nev, our Minister to England, made a renreseuta
tiou of Mr. Jackson's conduct to the Bntistigover...
meut and be was recalled. Fifteen months elaps
ed before a successor was appointed.
The London Standard of May 12, says With
great and sincere regret we state that the disease
which afflicts the Empress of the French ui severe
and serious. It is a terrible malady in the limbs,
and we lament to say that this illness* is ot a nature
that may demand years to undermine it.
Foreign News by the Steamer . <«*. .»i.
Tlie Canadian screw steamship Indian, from Li
verpool, Wednesday, May 21, arrived at Quebec on
Monday night.
The Central American Qlf.stion.~lh the
House of Lords on Monday evening, the 19th ult.,
the Earl of Clarendon, in reply to a question by
the Karl of Elgin, said-that the letter signed E
Hammond, was a genuine document, and that it
arose from the following circumstances :
The agent of the Costa Ricans in the country,
and some agents in the South American states, had,
ever since the attack of Walker on the Govern
ment of Nicaragua, appealed to the Government
of this country to assist them in defending them
selves.
A great variety of projects had been laid before
her Majesty’s Government for the acceptance of a
Protectorate by this country, and giving them ma
terial assistance.
To all those requests, her Miyesty's Government
had invariably replied in the negative, declaring
that they would have nothing to do with the troubles
oi the states of Central America ; but at the same
time, the Government expressed itself extremely
sorry for the attack on Nicaragua, and the deplora
ble events which followed, which they especially
regretted because the property of British subjects
had not. only been endangered, but actually sacri
ficed by Walker—therefore her Majesty’s Govern
ment would be very glad if Walker’s enterprises
were not carried further ; but they again and again
suid that witli the atfairs of Central America Uiey
had determined to have nothing whatever to do,
and that all their action would be limited to sending
just that sufficient naval force to the coast of South
America which would be adequate for the protec
tion of British property.
Mr. Wallenstein, who made the application on be
half of Costa Rica, was greatly disappointed at this
answer, and spoke of the vast amount of British
property there, which he said, ought to be defended
by a naval force. That the Costa Ricans were re
solved to make steadfast resistance against the in
vasion of their country by Walker, but they had no
means of repelling the threatened aggressions; the
Costa Ricans being a peaceful people and unarmed.
Mr. Wallenstein said he had no credit in this coun
try, and was unable to buy arms here ; and lie ask
ed if our War Department would not give a few
arms in order to enable those unoffending people to
repel this aggression. The matter was referred to
the War Department, and the answer returned by
Mr. Hammond in the letter to which the Earl of
Clarendon alluded.
Mr. Wallenstein did not consider himself entitled
to accept that offer; the nrmshadnever been taken
and Mr. Wallenstein had since declined to take
them.
Since Walker took possession of Nicaragua* he
had disposed of a good deal of British property* by
force alone, and her Majesty’s Government hail
communicated with the Government of the United
States in the matter, and he would read an e\
tract from a despatch of Mr. Crumpton on the sub
ject.
There had been no disguise whatever with t lux
United States Government. The object of the Bri
tish Government avowedly, lmd been to protect
British interests. On the sth of March, Mr. Marry
said he entirely disapprove d of the existing state of
things in Nicaragua, and thought it likely to east a
shadow upon the reputation of the Government of
the United States.* He observed that he knew no
better plan of proceeding, than for the United Stiit« s
and the British Government, to combine for the pro
tection of citizens of the United States and the sub
jects of Great Britain.
Turkey. —Dispatches from Vienna slate that let
ters had been received from Constantinople, an
nouncing that a convention had been concluded be
tween the Porte and the Western Powers, and add
ing that the .evacuation of the Turkish territory by
the troops of the Allies will bo oompletcd in six
months.
Russia. —lt is reported via Berlin that Gen. Sir
Win. W. William had arrived at St. Petersburg ,
and would shortly leave the Russian capital lor
England.
The London Times’ Berlin correspondent writes
that the Emperor had given his whole (Lot a n< \v
arrangcinent in consequence of the events of the ’
war. At present, the Russian fleet consists of three
divisions, making a total of forty-three vessels-of
war and three transports. Os the former nine an*
steamers. •
Trade continued dull at St.' Petersburg. Hold
ers of tallow were unwilling to sell at prevailing pri
ces.
The coronation of the Emperor Alexander wAs
fixed to take place iu September.
•India.— Southampton, Tuesday. — The steamer
Indies, with the Indian and Mediteranean mails has
arrived.
England. —The weather in England has been
very boisterous, and several vessels had been driv
en ashore. The British bark Mary Wilson on the
rocks.
The annual statement of the Chancellor of the
Exchequer has been laid before Parliament. The
estimated revenue for the current year is set down
at £67,166,000, showing a deficiency of £8,873,000.
The Crimean Board of Inquiry, after a session
of twenty-three days, closed its investigations on
Monday.
Riots were anticipated in London on account of
the withdrawal^ 1 military bands from the parks on
Sunday evenings, but, the last Sunday pasosd off
quietly.
A Poisoned Valley.—A singular discovery has
lately been made near ltatten, m Java, of a poison
ed valley. Mr. Alexander Louden visited it last .Ju
ly, and wo extract a paragraph from a communion
tion on the subject, addressed by him to the Royul
Geographical Society:
“It is known by the name of Cluevo Upas, or
Poisoned Valley ; and following a path which lias
been made for the pur* ose, the party shortly reach
ed it with a couple of dogs and fowls, for the pur
pose of making experiments. On arriving at the
top of the mountain, the pally dismounted and
scrambled up the side of the hill, at a distance of a
mile, with the assistance of the branches of the trees
and projecting roots. When at a few yards from
the valley, a strong, nauseous, suLooating smell
was experienced ; but on approaching the margin,
the inconvenience was no longer found. The valley
is about half a mile in circumference, of an oval
shape, and about thirty feet deep.
“The bottom of it appeared to be flat, without any
vegetation, and a few large stones scattered here
and there. Skeletons of human beings, tigers,
bears, deer, and all sorts of birds and wild animals’
lay about in profusion. The ground on which
they lay at the bottom of the valley, appeared to be
a hard, sandy substance, and no vapor was per
ceived. The sides were covered with vegetation.
“It was proposed to enter it, and each of the par
ty having lit a cigar, managed to get within twenty
feet of the bottom, when a sickening, nauseous
smell was experienced, without any difficulty of
breathing. A dog was now fastened to the end of a
bamboo, and thrust to the bottom of the valley,
while some of the party, with their watches in their
hands, observed the effect.
“At the expiration of fourteeu seconds lie fell oil'
his legs, without moving or looking around, and
continued alive only eighteen minutes. The otlio r
dog now left the company and went to his compan
ion. On reaching him, he was observed to st and
unite motionless, and at the end of ten seconds fell
down ; he never moved his limbs after, and lived
onhhseven minutes. A fowl was next thrown in,
anUTlied in a minute and a quarter. And another,
which was thrown in afterwards, died in the space
of a minute and u half.
“ A heavy shower of rain fell during the time that
these experiments were going forward, which, from
the iideresting nature of the experiments, was quite
disregarded. On the opposite side of the valley to
[hat which was visited, fay a human skeleton. Thu
head was resting on the right arm. The effect of Iho
weather had blenched the bones as white as ivory.
This was probably the remains of some wretched
rebel, hunted towards the valley, who had taken
shelter there unconscious of its character.”
Manufactures in Massachusetts. —Taking for
its authority certain statistics recently reported to
the Legislature of Massachusetts, the Boston Ad
vertiser finds a surprising increase of activity in the
iron trade, and in the manufacture of cotton and
wool. With regard to the latter, the following are
the results:
, , Value. Capital invested.
1845 $21,070,927 $23,343,002
1855 38,246,652 39,266,500
Showing a gross product of 97 per cent, upon the
investment in the year 1855, against 90 - rcnt ;,i
1845. The Advertiser reir^v’ KS . ’ 1
The statistic of the cotton manufacture show a
large increase over the returns contained in the U.
States census for 1850, the capital then invested be
ing $28,155,680, and the product $19,712,461, an in
vestment nearly three times as large as that of any
other State, and a product which is a trifle less than
one-third of the amount for.alljthhe States. Proba
bly the relative importance of our cotton mamifuc
torics has now increased even beyond this ratio, in
cluding calico and bleached and cotton goods, we
now in iko cotton to the amount of $36,464,738,
while including all goods, silk, linen, woollen and
cotton, our manufacture of textile fabrics rose in
the yeur 1855 to $51,878,071.
The returns of our iron manufactures show the
same fmitifying results.
With regard to the manufacture of boots and
shoes, the Advertiser has the following :
But the most surprising change which is exhibited
by the report to which we now refer is that which
has taken place in the manufacture of boots, shoes
and leather. In 1845, the value of the boots and
shoes made in the Commonwealth exceeded any
other item in the returns, amounting to $14,799,140,
while the value of cotton goods, the next in magni
tude, amounted, as above stated, to $12,193,199.
But during the last year, not a favorable year by
any means for the operations of trade, the boots and
shoes manufactured amounted to $37,489,923; and
the leather, including tanned, curried, patent and
enameled leather, to $12,206,358, an aggregate of
manufactures of this nature amounting to $49,699,
281 or less than $1,000,000 below the value of the
textile goods of all materials manufactured during
the same period.
The returns from the whale fisheries do not show
the same picture of prosperous enterprise, for, while
the investments have increased $2,740,638, the pro
duct of whale oil and bone has diminished $2,601,-
171 within the last two years.
A Touching Incident. —The saddest story we
ever read was that of a little child in Switzerland, a
pet boy, whom his mother, one bright morning, rig
ged out in a beautiful jacket, all shining with gilt
and buttons, and gay as a mother's love could make
it, and then permitted him logo out and play. Ho
had scarcely stepped from the door of the “Swiss
Cottage,” when an enormous eagle swooped him
from the earth and bore him to lus nest, high up
among the mountains, and yet within sight of the
house of which he had been the joy. There he was
killed and devoured, the eyre being at a point whic h
was literally inaccessible to man, so that no relief
could be afforded. In tearing the child to pieces,
the eagle so placed his gay jacket in the nest that it
became a fixture there, aiid whenever the wind
blew it would flutter, und the sun would shine upon
its lovely trimmings and ornaments. For years it
was visible from the low-lands, long after the eagle
had abandoned the nest. What a sight it must have
been to the parents of the victim.
Arrival of the Santa Fe Mail. — The mail
from Santa Fe arrived in Westport on the 21st ult.,
in sixteen travelling days from the former place.
There came as passengers, W. W. 11. Davis, Secre
tary of the Territory of New Mexico, and late ar t
ingGovernor; F. T. Posthoff and Mrs. John W.
Kingshuiy, child and servant, who came down the
river on the Morning Star. The trip acros* the
plains was a pleasant one, and weather good. The
mail was stopped on tint Upper Cimrnaron by a
party of thirty three Kiowah warriors, who demand
ed provisions, but offered no injury to the party.
Large numbers of Camauches were seen upon the
Arkansas, but they were entirely peaceable. The
buffale were numerous. The mail going out was
met on the Dry Route, and the first trains just be
yond Pawnee Fork. Nothing new in New Mexico.
Gov. Merriweather and Capt. Ewell, U. S. A., ar
rived at Santa Fe, the 27th April, in good health.
Death of an Old and Remarkable Man.—
There died at Philadelphia on Monday one of those
worthies whose memory connects us with the past
—John Coating, of an Irish family, some time set
tied in France. He was a major in tin* French
army when Napoleon Bonaparte was captain. Sta
tioned in the West Indies at the time of the French
Revolution, lie was the only officer in his regiment
elected by his men to serve the republic. Here
plied that “having entered the army to serve the
monarchy, he declined to serve under the republic.”
lie resigned his commission and settled in Phil* del
phia, where few men have lived more univeiwiUy
respected or died more truly lamented at tl.e mature
age of 94. Mr. Keating was theearbet manm.tc
turer of cotton at the towu of Manayunk, in IVmi
sylvauia.