Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel. BY WM. S. JO^ES. CHKOMM.L & 1 .V. AT TWO DOXit - ' zr VO V I’ M ' ?■* k^iVCA', TO CLCBh / T i*~" T*b *•««*• **' }:■* f,,ro,i * y«w, tj,u* i.fr V-i , or «l" e O'py to all *-!■*> may pr. ■ u« Yiy r. §ub- ai. 1 6irw« rci u ii.*- I &>■. y. THsjb;* ONICtS & SBWTONSL . r>3**4 X% •*• W li I-WEEKLY, Are ftlfH)pul • « ••."ice.v- :.d ». / •-» to et?b- W-- * JSBL "fiy —-r -attffiFF -1857 >. sou’Hp.J* t-i.v *v DANIEL LEE .*: D. a-'J> KKi>MO *, LiMTORS. Jantiaa vt\a6 V. fornorigVvoi.ir-.f -.--i tfi* **.* • r oWiOis a I OnkCopt, i vou- $i j ■»>;: ?-, s r. S2O 'l'm «; g*will I ■ by xauiJ, postage l' '■ i, *. n»bf *- iV* . ••! - i . | gy Penmii*. who y. IH a. i r < mvi obtain 811 - FOR SALS T «K~*»ngK.*- ;;;" *• *«*•* <: a Vloii'i,; I) * - 11.. t. , • : • » Fcrwiji ailing t'/nuV-lw V; i. to rail and «• vari.ior to: !!,-•;■ • 1 1 • chaser. GEORGE L. BOSHKR. Warntnton, Ga j.i-tS, i»;, J- V wtf i county. Ala., Jytc ■ t:.«< -• # «, t '»tak ing ‘.MOO acre* , Iv’ H) in r. i.ur :.:” - n ivatton and Ajr. : Wa..,- ( i - I y n . t|.« TO MiiN OF TASTE AAJ} O<H iTAI,. To™ u Vann’. Vnil.y. Flo; d• y -:.; . .. . ;i-’ V, ■ well timbered. It has .ml. ,- • «»;(* v J.buc atone water, two cojiKtant M-uni . an e7< •. vvat-r power without d.TTaiw.', • ••! i f' •• • ’••.•f'd Dwell r. and i cur m the opinion tl t Mii pUn 'r iuf < - the ch mentn l ' ,l^*ld e W and *rPHon vvv.* of t.t»<? plai c tn V <<Vv tail to satisfy you that It it a No. I artnJo, ) - ficai-ms ftho market. P.r term«, apply mi th-- v t,-v..- . Cave Spring, July 10. 1m 7 i > i wj7 POWELTOK MILLS Port SALE. A S the underKtgned in <!• 'iron to raove « - A Inn 11. 0.7:1 he now ... i. FS.iod LAND • one and n hatf%iH • froi i p « elt o Con tiling and Wadiin;,t n- tin. b.u*k (» = ly- !«a» four nets of rnmien, two wMhai and t•« • « The Flour • m wheat euatom will equal auyeju T < n.« i, o Hitri ated as to remahi in it ajid s, >av. andCK; tMills in operation. The Land lies in Hancoc k cowgiy, along the O-r wheo river and Powel’a creek i’he La more or 1 producingcuhi, wheat, foVou or oth v gtjjn.s. Those Wishing to buy, will rail a-id ..* •■ t • . :••. The the'vanF i.V uopL*. ! ' ,h good Springsot water. COLl’ilHI sF. STIIVEHB. Goods Forward.:d i *.* c-i C age! AUGUSTA AND.SAVANNAH RAILROAD. \TTfiNTION is called to thuUL : ad as a means of Northern Forts. There Are now 1 • r FIRST GLASS ttTEAMSHII'S and Sv*Lim of 5 ■ ,S:d .c V< -.s< 18, running with re-iilarity and di;t: i, >. ■ York ami Savannah . also a c; v ua bin L. ••• i ;j;.i Fhiiadol- I phia.aad Sail lug V* .v.-c u .. '• <-ro and I Bo ton, innkuq: th< cor: . No th- ‘ •rn citivs and S;»v.ur.ah ... s . . 7•. : ( , I AIN’T Y j ANDSI'HKI), .1- ilint to any >*• • S -e. 1' I. This Hoad.au cxpoCtmilyth ’ .w.in. of A-'.ittsfn.tJic j road, and those Cotwtic .» ; -iU N -i«U oi that Ihad. Other Honda have a l,Vs"r i\ I v- it um .!, U euunot r be neglected merely i • .» ) n t-.*d a trade as that to which wo tu • ' all our tdae ; and t no competitor will be allow eo. by n-q. v . . ontfoii, to ( deprive u, of It, for it U our 1V.'.1 .fr:. i to conduct ! it with that lldelity, <l* ri ur. uotoy, w'.ich is sure l Road and In ordor io reduce s' ' to a minimum \ rate, contract . I into at Savannah, and 40 sK o'S cied ’ . ith the K ceiv lug and Forwar.nnj; . ar*; . aer u. v' ‘7 l -in that ot J seeing that ALL GUAH. syv i : 1 Tates. j |3?“llyKni»n>,du . ’ -• •'> » l-«*r j cent can he i;:a. • .t the F.. »*. ..j o ~ .\ • them j Porta and Augusta All Good* FOUAVALL 1) l -1.1 { CO': MIS- j BIONS They should bo u:>.rktd u. . H. U. j Agent,” Savanu.no Published by order, f the BotM July l, lfc\33. jyCi» j five feet tight or on. .he- . • , ■_ »•’ ut 1«5 or \ 170 tt»*. It ia likely ho will a-• i ,>ay to i cuuesst e, ! as bo raoaway two j-i'fwiy-. ...t- ::.yet* uville i Jail, Monreo . unty, Feunc , ov. abov -r.r.o months , and . would net--ten wbe he 10-r... ••. H, : :;s .u •. e.y with him a Negro Mon b< • *••• W. ' •v - <. I inches el* i. about UK !. = , tn h ! - k com- j plectedc were • t .n r. ■ Let jio | thorpocounty, G»., wiiu pa . io to Ohio. L they ; are taken. Waahiug. .will not t. I!bj .. 'r . ’ ** can • help it. V, .• will pay ib who will est uc\ Jail so that v • of them. 'V \ ' * ’ i OulvortonPoatoun-o.Uaaex ■ . 7' . lIT hn - • j I WILL vaytl - . ■ j . ledguu .d m I til M • ‘ • I taking him choose to 1 iug !wct h»r > .. . ii\ ad- I dltion to the $ A all the uo. .- ry c . u.-o .d emling 1 : plasterer, about on v cars wb W- - '’cn, civet, I and weighs e-obabiy if; .* • . . , r.\ vt the country".' .o l • •• a -t >y au- | thority Hedb'ieile** baj afa Fe • a wife at Mr. Greiner * near Sand* . t ; on. also a: Gov. Hclxley a Farinry. I luvm I ' • m it; in » ''puis I tor.r 1 months, or alHwit ten thousa: d ie< : * r day Wo really j sawed feoiu eleven to twelve - • >*.ay. for time, two month--. . - want . o c . >md re pairs, dtc. Your imp* i vffiiny- " • k tiui and we ad vise their use out vwur oi Yours. n*o,. . ;;lv. 'V . v - Kk, : - ;a». 77 Mile Pom, C R R Fe v, r U’, % Wo thank . ■n.c, • L V' w.'.l build the same Cl HCUI AR s a\V MLLS, t rram.es cast BOILKRS. P -F: • S iA l iiA Mintfjr :,r.d M:U MACHINERY, PI Vi v L . r.-nd » . > CAST INGS i 181IING rani HKPAIKINO. . .. W e warrant all our tv <>• k. <**.;. o J'b.LL I PATTEUXiS " h PENN ’Ni * l.Cv‘N t. FANCY - U Address ° KEI HEN NU NERSAN. \ n nt, S3O HE W .b So 1> ANA\VA> , t.i-a t. .• . -o- . --5 -u Pat- Muu FRANK. * lie • . 'y > ye: -s oT •vn .:i- 1 cheshigh, f f’Mii. > ■ .-a :ru ' ‘.en'.inb.a speech,, and has ’«>st the ' ' • -o', V was raided The above reward wilfl>e p::. i b r ts-.s delivery to me, or to any jail so tiiav i' Ca c -otkiin ja&i-wtf ° JOHN a. HARRIS. The Southern Recorder will pat' 'htiil forbid, and for wardaccount to this. v.••< ~ slj ‘ rew Z | WIIX par the above i v. ' a r y io . . rc hen7.en NegwManu:* il.b! 'M. !.. - -e • . v V . n J I Maker; U crippled ::this right log: : •• •-. v.- f-.-t-t V~r inches high . •cammers in talk fry ; tfdark complexion • 1 can read and write, a. may Lav. a pass of his own l writing. HU fa; hoc lives biO : a oko. 1 s mother | at she'd Bind'. 1 puri-dii ,* , nA H , iu- ! back. JOHN' F SUTTON. augu st a Works, august a, ga ! fPHK CN’I>EKSHJ>EB.!»v r. v . , e ex-' X tensive M ACHINE »>l NL>RY and OAR SHOP, with aR the i: ;« . :ra-. .to tl.e s me In re- I toforebeioagtug te t!)c f . >o. kn •. aks ;he 'A . -ta j Machine V-. rk.-,” are -o-. w* ..-L'.rox- oc* • - j a . \- MINING MACWIN Y. si'LAM .'.WINES and BOILERS, SAW MILLS compT e : >■t A V I TNG a ni j PULLEYS. RAILR« *VD C \.o .o. I n"N\ STA'.M- , BOAT MACHINERY, and every ;i us w rk ! usual!v made in t ! i-s , u:-« S: « *t i-vi, Pr ss or Wood. Orders for v. .r i .... a i.r. j must be aceomf; aed v <u ;o percent, j on the supposed value of . e w . L-red and the re- | mainderpaid - .-_••• *•*‘Ot ters on buxines* to L HC FAINS A CO. PROPRIETORS: HENRY H. CUMMINC», j G W. SrMStF.Bg, W. M D'AWTiosAt I T.; Y Hakk sop3o J, ',■ > rk.• NOTICE. fI'HE SrBXCKIBFiJ n-fW wll rent r I-.-.so, X thewcUkoowuLOLlSViLl.!; HOTKI.. « !-..uis- i ville, Ga. TU- Hotel c»n>w -vi > i. d») -i Jan- ! wtrj, 1857, citl.. - . ;• Is**® n very liberal terras. Apply i>> I octlQ-8t H K CATISWi.I !. i, b - 0.-i PHAOTIOr OF SUKSEHT. DR. JTTRIAH HARRIS'* is prepared to accora ! modate with Lodgiiige and Narsta*. tD-h patie»t»a* j may be directed to him for Surgical operations ortrea!- ! ment. Masters may be assured that their Servants will j tvt) every nwoewary attention my7-wly vLbroutclc & Sentinel. PUBLIC DOCI MENTS. Iteport of Sferftnn of Trrawir), on the &tnte of Finnnrr BECEfPTfI OF THF. YEAR. In obedience to the act entitled “An act toeatab | tu. Treasury Department,*' approved May 10, i v 0, the following report u submitted : The balance in the treaiury on the Ist of ! X;. ]- ,ta. : $11?,931,976 01 TL aei«ia! receipt# info the treasury for the fiscal v< :i. <:..i;ng tiOth of June. 1 h3Ht, were for the ■ From land* 2,355,725 87 Min: • llaneou and incidental. 3X1,495 819,774,450 13 :> i irmßifrr rrnm rxitnn $13,424,633 57 F rom iamb • Mivelianecu* and incidental. 195.340 3*l . unarter —From nutomi *516,737,11401 Yrom iand» 1,450,073 04 Mi*o:!ianeoufi and incidental. 160,113 20 4th q tarter. —From customs $16,776,472 64 f rom lands 1,837,978 <XI ; lirtcellaaeourt and incidental. '288,183 52 $18,902,634 16 fcxikic $73,918,141 46 • in the treasury Ist July, 1855 18,931,976 01 ToUiftma for the service of the fiscal year . , . .ianeoUA and incidental 977,633 03 $73,918,141 46 EXPENDITURES OT THE YEAR. T actuai.experidituxes of the year were as fol *- ■ t ii..in . 11 s -- - - • mi ■■ i,, 16,580,880.34 l 16,963-,074.36 Tefal $72,948,792.02 'i’ho c ependitures were divided a* follows, F . I, f,r. iirn Intem-uw, and misieFus.. .$85,274,33099 Interior pen War 16,948,195.89 Navy 14,077,047.12 U'-dexnptioiiof public debt, interest and pre uuiun 12,776,390 38 Total - $72,948,792.02 Balance in treasury l*t of July, 1856, a* ap- pears in detail, per stater uent No. 1— $19,901,32n.4n FI.NASf 1A I, ESTIBIATE FOR 1856-7. In my Inst report the est imated teceijpse into the •. < .*i- iry, for the fi year ending the 30th of June 1857, was $87,1;.'3,8f,3, the expenditures $69,* i-.i jnakiiig estimated expenditures less sl*2,- i 00,00 i not expected to be called for during the \ r, and leaving an osthmated balance in the trea ' irv, on the Ist of July, 1857, of $29,672,497.78, v iuiout any estimate for the redemption of the pub lic debt. The actual receipts into the treasury, for the first qarter of said year, viz - tiie quarter ending the 20: h September, 18.56, have been us follows : From customs $20,677,740.40 From lands 892,380.36 Miscellaneous 355,310 57 Total $22,925,431.36 Making the actual receipts for the first, and the receipts for the remaining three quarters as now estimated : •2d quarter 17,224,779.47 .A quarter 16,902,539.87 In. quarter 16,902,539.87 Total $72,955,310.57 And with the actual balance in thetrea tu ry on the Ist of July, 1856, of 19,901,325.45 ' ingthe sum of $92,856,636.02 for the fiscal year 1857. The ; tual expenditaresfor tLe lirstquar ler of the fiscal year 1857, viz: the quar to:-< tiding the 30th of Kept , 1856, being. .$18,675,113.21 the e- ! . ated expenditures for the remain ing three-quarters of the year, are eet dow n fts follows : lu t In* second quarter 18^000,000.00 lu tin* third quarter J7,1^8,178.76 In tL fourth quarter 16,66^,121.24 Mug the actual expenditures for the first quarter, and tae estimated expen ditures, for the remaining three quarters 70,511 ; 413JH Which leaves an estimated balance in the t:' n-ury on the 30th of June, 1857, of.-$22,345,222.81 ESTIMATED FINANCE OF 1857-’B. The act.ua* expenditurcH of the first quarter, ex hibit tin sum of $902,096 63 expended in the re (:.'»inptioTi of the public d< bt, and of payment of in t.«*r A and premium. A iike amount is included in the < l.hnates for the expenditure of each of the re maining three-quarters. The receipts into the treasury, for the fiscal year ending the 30th June4lßsß, are estimated es fol- I«Yom Customs $66,000,000.00 From lands 6,000,000.00 M iscellaneous * 955,310.57 72,955,310.57 To which add the estimated balance in the Treasury June 30, 1857.... 22,345,222.81 Making the sum of 95,300,533.38 For the fiscal year 1.558, the expen ditures arc estimated, as follows: Balance of forrnei appropriation to be expended this year 15,336,464.60 Permanent and indefinite appropria tions 7,498,510.14 Appropriations asked for 48,469,848.02 71,804,822.76 Less the amount that may not be ex pended during the {year, estima ted at 20,000,000.00 Would leave an estimated balance: in the treasury on the 30th of Juuu 1858, 0f..... 43,995,710.62 THE PUBLIC DEBT. TL<* publ’c debt, on the Ith of M arch 1853, amoun ted to the sum of $69,129,937.27, and was subse <, .•< utly increased to liquidate the debt of Texas, by the sum of S2J 50,000 which givtw the public debt K. 1,879,937.27. ft has since been reauced, tip to b iah day of November, 1856, the date of the Kcgist**v';i last report, to the sum of $.30,963,909.64. S* * ateiuout No. 3. In making this reduction, the Mini of K 10,916,027.t!3 has been paid for the princi p.",l tl. aeof, and 54,609,882.31, for premium on por tions «*f it redeemed, before maturity, saving the :■-urn of $14.1HYvM1.39, by paying in advance, and lea\ ing the public debt on the 15th day of Novein !>• r, l>b6, $30,963,‘909.64, as per statement No. 3, ports 1 and 2. In addition to the public debt, ns above staled, u- s due under treaties with various .Indian tribe . payable on time, the sum of $21,066,501.36, as per statement No. lof this report. This debt, as it becomes payable, constitutes an item of annual expenditure, end is estimated for, by the Interior D j artuna.t. It is an incident, growing out of the extinction of the Indian possessory title, to the pub lic l:.nds, and is a charge on tic annual sales. Be sides this debt, the United States have invested mo v in stocks, for several of the tribes, to the amount of $3,51 l.v 24.05, and hold.the piincip&L of the Sinitli sqn: an fund, amounting to $515,169, under the act of the 7 th ol July, 1838, in stocks for that institution, as }er statement No. 5. The United States having inude these investments for the ludiaus, and of the Sn ; s : 'mn fund, annually provide for the payment ■ i ris nos re« hed on t!. stocks. The arrearages of the interest appear in ihe tables, to the amount of $120,704.74 on the : ks held for the ludians, and $437,731.92 on .‘he .-si. i Ua of the Smithsonian fund. Th* actual receipts from customs into the treasu ry, tor the first quarter of the fiscal year 1857, viz : 5 lie quarter ending the 30th of September 1856, have $• L -5 • . 36, b* iug $2,150,971.23 more than U.v- corresponding quarter, of the preceding yeai*. — The same causes i at operated to mcrease the reve nr.c :iu;ii customs, during the last year, may be ex pected t iiitiueiuv, ia the same way, the receipts of .-v.ceeedirg three quarters, but probably not to v .-.•'.'ie extern. The estimate of receipts from cus uu .• ‘ ;u-, therefore, been advanced to $66,000,000, Tin* receipts from lauds, for the same first quarter ot fiscal year 1857, have been $692,380.39, being k. • \315.15, less than the receipts of the corres jvnding quarter, of the preceding year. The large ; • . of land, withdrawn from market, for railroans, ui u i acts of the last session, and the lands which will • entered, under the land warrants, issued and being issued, are calculated to reduce the re v. ; pts iroin laiwls, from what they were, in thecor r«. pending three quarters of last year: on which ;w count, the estimate from lands, has been reduced * sii.ooo,t>dd. The receipts from miscellaneous sources, have been put at, $1155,310.57, as per esti- T: * advance iu the estimate of receipts from cus tom.'. is made with the knowledge of the large duty paying imports, already in warehouse, raid under the *\-ci tation that the demand for provisions abroad, at remunerating prices, will not be equal t«> that *'f last year . also of the pressure to the Uu ropeuu money market, ami the great demand for our cotton aud tobacco, with the abundance of mo ney in this country, increased by the payment of 4'v \ s debt and the Calitorma war bonds : also .he lailure of the sugar crop of Louisiana, acting iu favci of increased sugar importation, and at an ad vniu ed price The ability of the people of the Uni ted States to purchase and pay, not only for neoes n h but for superflu ties, may be relied upon, for iu* * ‘' sumption of duty paying merchandize, to an c\L i.t .-uffii lent to meet the estimated expenditures ami allow the eontinuai redemption of the public ;as i'h>t as tLe holders of the stock shall be wili'-ug to accept the principal and interest, with a reasonable premium. MODIFICATION OF THE TARIFF. Statement No. 11 give.-, for the fiscal year ending :• ,’i June, 1856, the domestic and foreign merchan dise exported, at $326,9t>4,918, and our imports for •.line, at $314,639,942, making the exports $12.3 in excess of the imports. The contfn ...ir.v rease of our population, and of imports and * y with that of'our agricultural, manufacturing and mining wealth, and our facilities for internal and ex: omal commerce, as exhibited by the combined tables* of this report, encourage me again to recom nvud a modification of the tariff of 1846. and a re am lion of the revenue from customs. It is as suiv.ed as a fact, beyond question, that a tariff on . . :e is a lax. and that tlu* tax is paid by the eon samer of the imports, and that it is undeniable that iu* tax should h* imposed or continued, not required for a - , economical aaministr ’lionof the government, allow lug for the fulfilment of all its duties, present and prospective: aud that the collection of a greater revenue is a wrong against the people who pay the fax. and imparts to the agents who administer the government, a tendency to undue power, waste and V xtravagance. _ _ _ y v believe, that the $6,000,000 or $* ,000,000 annually expended, out of the national treasury, ior carrying mails anu for printing books, &e,, has been * auA dby a redundant and overflowing treasury. :tiu, tkat the same cause has operated to increase “ ur v -Npfiiditure*. upon other objects, and upon '‘ ailed .Vt, by the present or future exigen e\ > * tl*- government, nor by the justice of the ‘ H ;' s P vov hh-4 for . whilst but few, if any, believe v ‘_ u ' H h v nv tor continuing to increase our expecuiturvs, with th© continued increase of our ‘ . 10 *. , 0 ,51 °f imports and experts, for the * i. \ v r»rs, exi.iait a constant and continued, al ri u ust aa annual iucmm., .* «ur import* and u - : and consequent*, of our.eveuue from ‘" v » o Should oonsidor the same caesaa that :.nve operated to produce this mcrease*. for the past > cr.rs. will operate to continue it, in future years p ace still larger sums iu the national treasury* ! Tuepr* ‘diietions of our planting and provision States, c.s well as our mining and manufacturing States’ i f. ontinue and will continue to increase, witn the in reased and increasing foreign aud domestic de mand . commerce being the exchange of the pro- I ducth ns < f one country or nation, for the proauc i lions cf another, whether made indirectly, by sale I and purchase for money, or directly, by barter, the i ci-uciuskm is irresistible, that both our domestic and I tvu* ign commerce have, generally, been of equiva i lent . and profitable to all parties ; and as they have ! increased, so they will, under the same cireum >lances, continue to increase and justify a modifica i lion of the tariff, and a reduction of the revenue I from customs lu the modification I have heretofore suggested, the people ty of increasing our free list, by admitting the raw material used iu our manufactures, to free entry, aud thereby giving to the capital and labor of our people, equal competition with the capital and la bor of those countries, which have, for the benefit of their manufactures, admitted the raw material, without d; ty and have recommended the same arti cles to be admitted free, that are admitted free, by Great Britain. This would reduce the revenue be tween $7,000,(100 and $8,000,009. I have also sug gested, tLat some articles of genaral consumption, such as salt, should be added to the free list, and the tariff, on some other imports, should be reduced some $7,000,000 or $8,000,000. This upon the im ports of last year, would reduce the revenue to about $50,000,000 from customs, which, with the receipts from the public lands, is deemed all sufficient for the necessary requirements of the government; the average expenditures of the last five year- exclud ing tLe public debt and the $10,000,000 paid, under the treaty with Mexico, having but little exceeded $48,000,000. It', in future years, there should be in creased demands on the government, the revenue from customs may be expected to increase, so as to meet them, without the imposition of additio al duties; but if not, the propriety of taxation will then be for the consideration of the constituted au thorities. Instead of a modification of the tariff, and the re duction of the revenue from customs, many per sons suggest ttiat we should repeal all tariffs, and establish the same free trade with foreign nations, that exists between the States of the Union, partic ularly those who det-.m the revenue now raised firom imports unjustly levied and extravagantly and waste!nlly expended. They urge that the only rem edy applicable to existing evils, is the experiment of free trade with foreign nations, and direct taxa tion on our people. I Lave considered that foreign nations are not prepared for the same free trade we enjoy with each other, and that we cannot have reciprocal free trade without their consent; and that until they agree to admit our productions free, it would not be expedient to admit theirs free and allow them to tax our labor, when we do not tax theirs in return. I have considered that free trade, if expedient, should be approached gradually, and pari panau with the advance to that end by foreign nations, and that the modification and reduction of the revenue, as proposed, would be a movement in the right direction, which be followed, when experience and tht*conditiou of our commerce with other nations should justify it, and have contempla ted the time when the productions of each State, in exchange for the prodd&tione of the others, would constitute an jpply formost of our wants at cheaper rates could afford i (i make g. resnfrt tfrArtjfcr mpd. S of revenue a question ofnecessity; hut That, for many years to come our national treasury would be sup plied from a tariff on imports, and that in the modi fication and reduction now called for, we should make it as’equal and just as pesaibie to our own people, and take away the discrimination now exist ing against us, principally arising out of the legisla tion in other countries, in contravention of the in dustry of our people. The question of the tariff, and the propriety and mode of reduction, have been the subject of remark, \n my former reports, on the finances. Further re fection has served to confirm me, in the views then taken, and to which the attention of Congress is again called. STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE, PLANTING AND MANU FACTURE. The statistical information called for the first and second resolutions, (of House of Representatives) taken in connection with the information given in the statistics of this report, places before Congress the whole information, within the reach of the de partment, upon the agricultural, planting and manu facturing interests of the United States, as they ex isted in 1840 and 1850, and the basis for an estimate as to the present condition thereof, sufficiently accu rate, for any practical purpose. The statistics upon the production and importa tion of wool, and manufactures of wool, have been prepared with care. It will be seen that in 1840, according to the census of that, year, we manufac tured woollen goods to the value of $20,696,999, and that in addition, we imported manufactures of wool, to the value of $8,652,785 ; making our consump tion of the manufactures of wool $29,349,784, and the consumption of $1.71 for each person then in the United States. The census of 1850 does not give the number of factories devoted to, nor the capital employed in, the manufacture of wool. The census of 1850, shows there were 1,559 factories in the U. States, with $28,118,650 of capital, devoted to the manufacture of wool, with the particular States, in which the factories were situated; also, that the manufactures of wool amounted to $43,207,545, and we imported manufactures of wool to the value of $16,976,575, making our consumption of manufac tures of wool $60,184,120, and the consumption of $2.59£ for each person in the United States. If we estimate the increased value of our woollen manu factures, since 1850, at the ratio of the increase be tween 1840 and 1850, it gives our manufactures of wool at $56,406,786, for the year 1855 ; and we find the value of our importations of manufactures of wool, for the year 1855, $23,297,384, making our consumption $79,704,170, and $2.93 as the consump tion of each person, then in the United States. These tables show that in 1855 we consumed $23,- 297,334 of the manufactures of wool, more than we manufactured, and that we consumed $9,678,690 of wool, more than we produced, estimating the wool in the manufactured article, at one-third of the value. Now we import $1,940,697 of wool for our manufac tures, who pay a duty of 30 percent, upon it; and we import $23,297,384 of the manufacture of wool, on winch we pay different rates of duty, viz : 30 per cent, on part, 25 per cent, on part, and 20 per cent, on part ; whilst with wool free of duty in other manufacturing countries, the duty operates a dis crimination against the labor and capital of our own people. This is peculiarly the case as to the coarser fabrics, which we admit at a less duty than we im p use upon wool. The climate of the United States is such that man ufactures of wool are used winter and summer, in sotL'e of the States, and in the winter months in all, nun the finer fabrics are used in all. It is an ar ticle for clothing and other uses that, our climate and our habits do not permit us to dispense with, and which vox people can and will manufacture for themselves, if our tariff laws are arranged, so as not to discriminate against them, and in favor ot other manufacturing nations. When we first imposed a tax on foreign wool, Great Britain and 'other manufacturing nations taxed it also, and as high as we taxed it. We dis criminated in the tax upon the manufactures of wool, imposing a higher tax upon the finer fabrics; whereupon Great Britain and other manufacturing nations repealed their tux on wool, and secured to their manufacturers the advantage of ob taining the raw material, free of duty. This ad vantage over as they will continue to enjoy as long as our tax is continued. The reasons why they ad mit wool free, are to be found in the fact that they manufacture more than they produce, and it is ne cessary they should be able to sell cheap, iu order to euter advantageously the markets ol* the world, and it may be, also, to secure the market of the United States, to the suppression of manufacturing in this country. We also manufacture more wool than we produce, aud consume more manufac tures of wiV>l than we manufacture, and we still continue our tax on wool. The duty on wool was imposed to promote its production in the Uni ted States, and waa expected to enhance the price. It has failed to secure the object for which it was imposed. The production has not kept pace with our population and consumption ot woolen manu factures, and although the' prices have been lair, they have not been such as to make wool grow ing as profitable a pursuit as many others in the country. In the trial of ten years under the tariff of 1846, there is no greater production of wool in proportion to the population, than there was prior to that time. IRON AND STEEL. Iron and steel being articles of general ose iu all our States aud Territories, and necessary in the prosecution of all industr al pursuits, the annual consumpt ion and the annual home production and import, become a matter of solicitude with many, and of interest to all. It appears from the census ot 1840, that vre produced and manufactured iron aud steel’, that year, to the amount of $29,909,162, and that we imported iron and steel, and the manufac tures of iron aud steel, to the amount of $7,088,739, and exported iron and steel, and the manufactures of iron and steel to the amount of $1,104,455, leav ing for consumption $35,893,446; and from the cen sus oflßso, that we produced and manufactured iron and steel, that year to the amount of $60,485,653 and that we imported iron and steel, aud the manufac tures of iron aud steel, to the amount of $17,524,459, and exported iron aud steel, and the manufactures of iron and steel, to the amount of $1,911,320 ing for the consumption of the year, $76,098,792. — The same ratio of increase, in the production and manufacture of iron and steel from 1850 to 1855, that is found to exist between the years 1840 and 1850, gives the production and manufactures of iron and steel for 1855, at $< 8,406,538. To this add $23,- 945,274, for the amount of the imports of iron and steel, and manufactures of iron and steel, for the year 1855, first deducting the export of those arti cles, and there is iron aud steel, and the manufac tures of iron and steel, to the amount of $98,598,340, forth© consumption of the year. The estimate of $78,406,538 for the year 1855 is, 'no doubt, some ten or fifteen millions less than the production. We have in the United States more iron ore and more coal, with the usual fiuxes, in convenient con nection and of cheaper access, than all the other ci vilized nations of the world, and have the necessary capital, skill and labor to produce all the iron and steel, and manufactures of iron and steel, required for our consumption, or that may be required for our consumption, for centuries to come, and also to enable us to supply the market of other countries, in fair competition, with the iron and steel of other nations. These tables sh w that our production of iron and steel, and manufactures of iron and steel, wee greater, in proportion to population, in 1850, than it was iu 1840, and that it was greater in 1855, than it was iu 1850, giving us the right to assume that, influenced by the same causes, it will be grea ter iu 1860 than it now is, aud in time, will be sufli eieut for our own consumption and then give us a surplus for export. But taking into consideration our present population, and accumulated capital, with the amount of capital, anuually, drawn from other countries, in the course of emigration, and the great cost of carriage, to the interior of our country, with the improvements, in the modes of production and manufacture of iron aud a steel, it would be rash, to expect a full supply for our own consump tion, between this and the returns of the census of 1870. The tax upon iron aud steel, and the manufactures thereof, because of their general use, in all sections and in all industrial pursuits, has been considered as equiatble and fair a tax, as it was possible to im pose upon the country; consequently no material change has been contemplated or recommended; but if continued at present rates, it is not supposed the same amount of revenue will continue to be deriv ed from it, even should the use of iron, as no doubt it will, be extended to many other purposes, and be consumed in much greater quantities. In commer cial intercourse with other nations, based upon equivalent exchanges, as it must always be, if pro fitable and continuous, we may well look forward to the time, when we shall produce, within our own limits, all articles that are essential to national de fence, and the use and comfort of our own people; and of these there is none more necessary to the de fence of the country aud the use and comtort of the Seople, and of which we have better means of pro ucmg in the country, than iron and steel, and the manufactures of iron and steel. Yet the production should not be stimulated, by unequal and uniust tax ation. nor the period of an. abundant supply, from our mines and factories, retarded by impolitic legis lation. The home production, of iron and manufac tures of iron and steel. is on the increase. The ta bles prove the production and manufacture of these artiolc-a. have increased with our increased popula tion, and that we import less, in proportion to our population and consumption than formerly. The department lias not the means of giving the number of establishments engaged in tbe manufac ture of silk, nor the character of the articles manu factured : yet it is known there are numerous es tablishments engaged in the manufacture of silk., on moderate scale, and that sewing silk, ribbons, and various articles are manufactured. The statement a iso exhibits the importations of silk, and the manu factures of silk, for the last seventeen years. The extended and increased consumption of tht manu factures of silk induces large and increasing impor tations, whilst the growth of silk. when compared with population, is on the decline, and the home manufacture on the increase. The tax on loreign manufactures of silk, from the general and extended use thereof, is considered expedient, and as just and equal as can be Imposed on any importations, and peculiarly proper, taken in connection with our commerce with the countries from which we ob tain our principal supplies The admission of raw silk free of duty would injure uo home interest, and m %“t* in time, sc* increase our manufacture of the article as to reduce foreign importations. The man ufacture of glaas. porcelain, stone ware, the mi ning of coal, and prodoctiona of lead and copper, aud the manufacture of silk, may be expected to be increased aud extended, so as to take posses sion of the home market, in less time than it has ta ken.the production and manufactures of cotton to gain their present prosperous possession of the home market. AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 17, 185(>. STEAM TONNAGE. The use of steam tonnage, in the commerce be tween the United S.ates and other American na tions, and Great Britain. France, and other oommer ciai nations, may, and it ia thought by some, will, considerably reduce the sail tonnage used in com merce, and that cheaper capital in Great Britain, will give to that nation an advantage over the Uni ted States, in steam tonnage, and the carrying trade of our own and other countries, and they' attribute the reduction of our tonnage to that cause. This may be so, to some extent, but the continued re duction of our commercial tonnage is apprehended; nor is it apprehended there is any iuat reason to suppose our enterprising ship builders and mer chants will surrender the nation of the seas to Great Britain, and place that nation in posses sion of tbe carrying business of the world; yet the subject is one of interest, and calls for a care ful examination of our tonnage laws, and the remo val of all impediments to an equal and fair competi tion, for our foreign trade and the trade of other nations. When our navigation laws were first enacted, in 1789, the registered tonnage of the United Stales was secured, against the protecting navigation laws of other nations, by countervailing or protecting provisions. Such provisions were from time to time, extended, so as to countervail the prohibitory enactments of the commercial nations, with which we had intercourse. These commercial restrictions have gradually yielded to the more liberal princi ples of free trade, in the transportation of freight aud passengers, until in that business, we have free trade with almost all the nations of the earth, only marred, by the charge of light money to our ves sels, where we charge none. This removal of res trictions, in our commercial intercourse with other nations, in the carrying business, has not been pre judicial to our loreign commercial marine. The burden of light money, to which our tonnage, in the ports of Great Britain and other commercial nations w subject, should be removed by mutual agreement, or counter vailing legislation on our part, and the tonnage duty, now’ charged on our vessels, in the ports of France and some other countries, and on their vessels, in our ports, should by like mutu al agreement, be taken off, and port charges equal ized. AGRICULTURE AND MANUFACTURING PRODUCTIONS. A reference to the table of production, taken from the cenuss of 1840, will show’ that our agricultural and manufacturing production in that year, amoun ted to $1,006,133,599; and a reference to the like ta ble of production, taken from the census of 1850, will show the agricultural and manufacturing pro duction, for that year, to have been $2,012,520,539, and the ratio of increase. A like ratio of increase, for the five succeeded years, gives $2,602,363,924 as the value for the year 1855. Suppose $1,000,000,- 000 to be consumed at the places of production, and there is left $1,602,363,924 of production, as the basis of our foreign and internal trade, and the source which we derive profitable employment, for our registered aud licensed tonnage and our rail roads. Take fifteen per cent, of this for cur foreign trade, which is about equal te our exports, and there is left $1,352,009,336 for our internal trade, c« nstituting the commercial ligament that binds us together, as one nation and one people. There is no tax or tariff upon the transportation of the arti cles, of which our internal trade consists, from one place to another, within any of the States and Ter ritories, nor upon the article themselves; the cost of transportation is the only burden, on the free inter change, over and above the cost of the article, and the profit of the producer or dealer. RECIPROCAL FREE TRADE. The effect of reciprocal free trade is shown by our commerce with the British North American provin ces, before and since the reciprocity treaty which went into effect in 1854. In 1853, the exports of American produce to those provinces amounted to $7,404,087, and our imports from them to $7,550,- 718; whilst, in 1856, the exports of American pio duce to said provinces amounted to $22,714,697, and our imports from them to $21,310,421. The combined tables accompanying this report, exhibit our population and elements of greatness in 1791), shortly after the adoption of the Constitution and the organization of the government under it, making us, in many respects, one nation and one people. They also exhibit our present population, with all the accumulated wealth of sixty-six years, and all the elements for increasing wealth and great ness, for years to come. We have existed as States and a nation, under wise and equal laws, justly and impartially administered, and have been a constitu tion and law abiding people, with but occasional State and individual exceptions. Why may we not hope the history of the past, is to be realized, in our future progress ? Under State and national consti tutions, we have had free trade with each other, the products of one State supplying the wants of anoth er, and stimulating the industry, enterprise, and prosperity of all. Calls are made for suggestions, for the increase of our internal and foreign trade. Under a conviction that w r e were collecting, under the existing tariff, more revenue, than a present ecouimical administration of the government, and a wise and prudent outlay for the future, made neces sary or called for, and also under the conviction that an overflowing treasury, would induce wasteful und extravagant expenditures, a modification of the tariff of 1846, and a reduction of the revenue from customs, was suggested in my first report, on the fi nances, and renewed in both my subsequent reports and is now again repeated, with, if possible, a firm er conviction of its necessity aud propriety, and for the same reasons and others thatcoulabe named. The suggested reduction of the revenue, was, by an enlargement of the free list, so as to admit some articles of consumption and the raw materials used by our manufacturers, to free entry, and lessening the duty on other imports. It was thought that the duties from customs could well be reduced to some forty-eight or fifty millions of dollars, and leave an ample sum for all the wants and requirements of the government, including the redemption of the public debt, as it should become due. It seemed to me, that good policy required the raw material used in our manufactures to be exempt from duty, and our manufacturers placed on an equality witli those of Great Britain and other manufacturing nations, who admit the raw material to free entry. A tax upon the raw material is calculated to increase the cost of the production, by the profits of the importer on the tax on the raw material, and the profits of the manufacturer on his outlay for that tax, and the im porter’s profit thereon, and of the merchant through whom it passes to the consumer, interfering with the manufacturers’ enjoyment of both the home and the foreign market, on the same advantageous terms of the manufacturer of other nations, who obtain the raw material free of duty. A single example illus trates the case : Great Britain admits wool, a raw material, free of duty, and the United States im poses upon it a duty of thirty per cent. This ena bles the English manufacturer to interfere with the American manufacturer, in the American markets, aud to exclude him from the foreign market. It does more: it surrenders the markets of the coun tries producing the raw material, to the nations who take it, free of duty. Our manufacturing and com mercial States enjoy the markets of our planting and provision States, because there exists no im peding duty, giving preference to foreign| nations; but our manufacturing, commercial and provision States do not enjoy the markets of Mexico, Central and South America, and the West Indies, nor of other nations inhabiting the shores of the Pacific, because these nations do not manufacture, and have but little else for commercial exchange than the raw material, which we tax, and other nations take, free of duty, iu exchange for manufactures and other productions , and although we are more favorably situated from commercial intercourse, with them, we yield the trade to the European nations. Had the suggestion of the admission of the raw material —the productions of those countries—free of duty, received a favorable consideration at the first session of the thirty-third Congress, we would have been importing the raw material, the produc tions of those countries, in our ships, and thosecoun tries would have been taking from us in exchange, the productions of all sections of the Union. With prejudices and antipathies lessening, wa would soon have become bound to them, and they to us, in the strong and enduring ligaments of mutual and bene ficial commerce. Additional employment would have been secured to our tonnage and additional markets for our manufactures of cotton and other products. Mexico, Central America, South Ameri ca, the West Indies, and other nations on the shores of the Pacific, would have been learning to confide in us, and we would have had an increased iuterest in the stability and prosperity of their governments. The enlargement of the free list, and the admission of the raw material is suggested as the best and surest mode of giving increased beneficial employ ment te eur tonnage and increased benefieial mar kets, foi our manufactures and other products, and of cultivating amity aud friendship with our south ern neighbors, and also the best mode of promoting our own prosperity, next after the mutual free trade we enjoy with each other. Mutual beneficial com merce is all that is required to establish with these nations, lasting relations of peace and friendship, and remove from their minds all apprehension from our expansion. We would seek commerce and not dominion. When they shall know and feel that commerce alone is our object, and that it is as bene ficial to them as to us, we shall win their confidence and our friendship will be lasting. COINAGES. It will be seen that the total gold and silver coin age of the United States Mint, from 1793 when the mint was established, to 30th September, 1856, has been $549,341,914.14, and that the entire import from 1820, when the account was first kept, has been $293,505,743, and the export $136,5/8,354 — there being uo account of the imports and exports, prior to 1820. SMALL NOTES DENOUNCED. It remains to inquire, in what manner provision can be made to have the small-note circulation withdrawn and prohibited. In some of the States there are uo chartered banks, and other of the States have not authorized the issue of small notes ; whilst others, under a conviction of the ill-effect upon the currency, and upon their productive interest, have prohibit'ed their issue andifeaused their withdrawal. This is the result of a correct and corrected public sentiment, and may be expected sooner or later to extend itself to the other States, and thu3 accom plish the entire withdrawal of small notes, and the substitution of gold and silver in their stead, for all the small daily transactions, including the payment of wages. This may not be accomplished mr'years, but justice to those compe led to use small notes, and to those States that have not used, or have pro hibited their use, in connexion with the losses, a failure to redeem on demand, always inflicts upon labor, or such a use of them as to render presenta tion for payment impracticable, and the infliction of a like loss may well induce an amendment of the constitution, giving Congress authority to prohibit and restraiL their use. and induce such an amend ment to be called for by the States that have not used, or have ceased to use them. At present an attempt to prohibit and restrain the issue and circu lation of small notes by a resort to taxation, or by applying bankrupt laws to these corporations, would be premature. In my former reports, the subject has been brought to the attention of Con gress, with a view to the full consideration of the evil and danger to our currency, from their con tinued use, under the hope that Congress, or the States authorizing their issue, would take action, to extend the restriction and make it general. If the small notes are withdrawn ana prohibited, it is believed the operations of the treasury, in the collection and disbursement of the national revenue, would be as salutaiy a restraint upon the banks and upon commercial transactions as could be in terposed. and all sufficient to secure as sound, healthy and uniform a currency, aa it is practicable to have. THE SUB-TREASURY. The money statements of the treasury, and state ment of deposits by disbursing officers, exhibit about $30,000,000 at ail times in the national treasury. The daily receipts and daily payments, covering more than $73,000,000 of annum receipts, and more than $72,000,000 of annual payments, are daily drawing from banks and businessmen, large amounts of gold and silver into the national treasury, in pav ment of customs duty, and in payment lor public lands, and controlling the banks and the traders, in their operations, whilst the daily payments, at the national treasury, supply the gold and silver to new channels of circulation, without causing undue pres sure in monetary affairs. This $30,000,000 is not dead capital. The $10,000,000 or $12,000,000 of it allowed to the mint and branches, for the purpose of bullion, is always active, being exchanged for bul lion and replaced by coinage, yet always ready for the wants of the national treasury, whilst the’ bal ance constitutes the distributive fund, that gives confidence in the ability of the treasury, to meet all demands. Tbe independent treasury, however, may exercise a fatal control over the currency, the banks and the trade of the country, and will do so, whenever the revenue shall greatly exceed the expenditures. There has been expended, since the 4th of March, 1853, more than $45,525,000, in the redemption of the public debt. This debt has been presented, from time to time, as the money accumulated in the national treasury, and caused stringency in the money market. If there had been n<x public debt, and n ? means of disbursing this large join, and again i giving it to the channels of commerce, the accumu lated sum would have acted, fatally, on the banks and on trade. The only remedy would have been a reduction of the revenue, there being no-’ demand and no reason, for increased expenditures. \ TARIFF MODFIICATION RECOMMENDED. The existing tariff law? might be so modified, as to be of more certain and easy execution, and to the prevention of that fluctuation in duties, of which the manufacturers and the friends of protection com plain. The greater part of the revenue, now col lected, is from iron aud steel and manufacturers of iron and steel, silk and manufacturers of silk, wool and manufacturers of wool, hemp and flax and the manufacturers of hemp and flax, and the manufac turers of cotton, and manufacturer* of which silk, wool, hemp, flax, and cotton are component parts, and brandies, wines, and sugars. The import oi these articles for the fiscal year 1856 amounted to $166,089,379, and the duties on them to $47,168,850.- 05, as per statement No. 28 of this report. The presentjariff laws place portions of these art! cles, iu different schedules, aud impose different rates of duty, on the articles placed iu the several schedules, according to value and use, and to the chief value of the article, composing the fabric. This make-* it the duty of the examiners and appraisers to examine, classify, and place the article in its ap propriate schedule, aud requires skill and time to accomplish it correctly. A part of this skill and la bor could be dispensed with by putting all manu factures of silk, wool, hemp, flax aud cotton, or of which any of said articles is a component part, into our schedule, and at one rate of duty, and render the duty more certain, and the law more practicable iu the execution. The fluctuation in prices, and consequently the fluctuation of duties, could be greatly lessened, if not removed, by authorizing and requiring the appraisers, to fix the value at the time of expor tation, at the average foreign value, for the last three or four years. The appraisers must have know ledge of all articles of commerce, the countries of their production, and their quality and value, also of the shipping and other charges, and must keep themselves informed upon all these points, in past years, as well as at the current time. If the law authorized them to go back and take the average of the p-eceding three or four years, in fixing upon the appraised value, the extreme fluctuations in price and duties would be .avoided, and She temptation to invoice below value, lessened. The articles enume rated have been selected for illustration: the reason ing is applicable to duties on other articles embraced in the schedules, but the difficulty is not so great.— The existing laws require the importer to produce to the collector, his invoice of imported goods, prior to making entry, and that invoice and entry i> the importer’s declaration of the foreign value at the date of exportation, and gives the right to the im porter of loreign goods to advance the cost on ma kieg his entry, so as to be equal to the foreign val ue at the time of exportation, and imposes an ad ditional duty of 20 per cent, when the entered value of such goods is found to be 10 per cent, or more below the appraised value, but gives no such privilege of raising the value, to goods imported by the producer or manufacturer, and does not im pose the duty of 20 per cent, when such goods are appraised 10 per cent, or more above the invoice value. The department has considered as to unpurchased goods, the act of 1842 is in force, and that under said act, when found 10 per cent, or more below the appraised value, they are liable to 50 per cent, duty, on the duty under the provisions of said act, but the inferior courts hold, that that act is also confined to purchased goods, and no case has arisen in which the department has had the question decided, by the Supreme Court. The provisions of the act of 1846 s ould be made applicable to all imported goods. The attention of Congress w s called to this eubject, in a letter addressed to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and President of the Senate, under date of the 22dday of July, 1856, and the proper modification of the law suggested. That letter accompanies this report. It is true, existing law authorizes the seizure and forfeiture ot goods fraudulently entered below their value ; but when the duty is levied upon the foreign value, at 1 he date of exportation, such a difference between the in voice value and the appraised value, is not always such evidence of fraud, without other circumstan ces, as will justify seizure and condemnation ; whilst ten per cent, or more, in the case of purchased goods, gives the additional duty, and makes it the interest of the importer to look well to his invoice and en try. The law, by not making it the interest of the importer of uupurchased goods, to look with like vigilance to his invoice and his entry, places him in a more favorable condition than the importer of purchased goods. It is alleged that more than two thirds of all imported goods are, on account of the foreign producer or manufacturer. If they were placed on the same footing, there would be fewer attempts to enter goods below their foreign value, aud no advantage allowed to the foreign producer or manufacturer, over the American purchaser aud importer. LOSSES BY DEFAULTERS. In my last report, it was stated there were still outstanding on the books of the treasury the sum of $24,739,133 41 of the $132,521,15 4.50 found to be outstanding, on the 4th of March, 1853. Since that report, various corrections in the accounts have been made, and also many collections, aud accounts closed to the amount of $1,916,345.30, and there has been added in adjustment $1,076,264.30. The balance now outstanding is $23,898,952.41. The Department after a careful examination and investi gation, had ascertained that $6,213,345.69, of the amount now outstanding, is utterly lost to the government, by the death of the parties, without leaving any estate, or by hopeless insolency. It is proposed, with the consent of Congress, to carry these balances to tbe ac count of profit aud loss, on the books of the several Auditors and Comptrollers, and on the books of the Register. ECONOMY OF THE SUB-TREASURY. The Independent Treasury act has been carried into effect, tLe past year, as far as it has been prac ticable, for the department to enforce it. Most of the distributing officers of the government, where conveniently situated, have, and continue to avail themselves of the convenience and security of de positing, in the vaults of the treasurer, assistant treasurers, and public depositories, as will be seen by statement No. 89 of this report. Those who have not deposited in the vaults of the government, al though convenient, construe the act of 1846 as al lowing the officer, a discretion upon the subject.— This they sometimes exercise, by making what they term special deposits, with chartered and un cliartered banks. The security of the public money, and the prevention of its application, to any other than public use, calls for explicit legislation upon the subject, and the extension of the penalties of the act of 1846 to those receiving public money from disbursing agents and others, who have public money iu their hands. The courts have found dif ficulty iu applying the act, to all cases within its spirit, because thought not to be, technically within its terms. The amount transferred for disbursement, during the past fiscal year, was $38,088,113 92, at a cost of $12,945.87, whilst the premiums paid on sale of treasury drafts, have been $54,924.16, leaving $41,- 978,29 over and above the expenses. It is believed that, with care and vigilance, the transfer of public money will hereafter be made, through the agencies of the treasurer and assistant treasurers, aud deposit taries, without charge and without risk, except un der extraordinary circumstances, and in peculiar times. The receipts and expenditures, during the past fiscal year, have amounted, in the aggregate, to $146,866,933.48, and have all been, in the constitu tional currency of gold and silver, without any dis turbing effect upon the currency, the hanks, or bu siness of the country. However, the withdrawal and prohibition of the small-note circulation of the banks is still deemed essential, to a sound and stable currency, and to be called for by the best interests of all the States. All which is respectfully submitted. James Guthrie, Secretary of the Treasury. Report of the Postmaster General. [extracts.] Post Office Department, Dec. 1, 1856. Sir :—Since my last annual report, the Post offices have been increased 1,155, and numbered on the 30th of June last 25,565. Three hundred and thirty-nine of the Postmasters were appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, the yearly commissions exceeding SI,OOO. On the 30th of June, 1852, the number of post-offices in the United States was 20,901, showing an increase in the last four years of 4,664. On the 30th of June last there were in operation 7,972 mail routes. The number of contractors was 6,372. The length of these routes is estimated at 239,642 miles, divided as follows, viz : 20,323 miles of railroad. 14,951 “ steamboat. 50,453 “ coach. 153,915 “ inferior grades. EXTENSION OF RAILROAD SERVICE. The following table shows the extension of rail road service during the year, separately, in five groups of States, viz : Additional Length Miles of Annual c t Additional. of routes. Transportation. Losl - New Exgland and New York 150 262,863 $16,940 New Jersey, Pennsyl vania, Delaware, Ma ryland and 0hi0.... 327 425,743 23,865 Virginia, North Caroli na, South Carolina, and Georgia 168 396,804 67,911 Michigan, Indiana, Illi nois and Wisconsin.. 862 1,045,496 82,575 Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana 483 475,921 46,009 Total 1,990 2,606,827 $237,300 The railroad service within the last four years has increased at a very rapid rate, showing the growth of our country ana the enterprise of its citizens. On the first of July, 1842, the total length of railroad routes was 3,001 miles, and the cost of service was $432,568. On the first day of July, 1852, the num ber of miles on which the mail was conveyed on railroad amounted to 10,146, costing $1,275,520, making an increase of 7,055 miles in ten years, at an additional cost of $842,952. Between the first of July, 1852, and the first of July, 1856. the railroad service was increased 10,177 miles, exhibiting the fact that within that time this description of ser vice has been more than doubled. The average cost of railroad service in 1852, es timated on the length of routes one way, was $125.- 71 a mile ; in 1856, $101.45 a mile ; being a decrease of $24.26 a mile. For other modes of conveyance the average rate of pay has largely advanced during the same period, owing to causes beyond the power of the Department to control. The lettings of new contracts for the term com mencing first of July last, embraced the States of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and Ohio. The following table shows the new service, as in operation on the 30th September : Miles in Miles of annual Conveyance. length, transportation. Cost. Railroad 5,298 5,607,177 $t90,526 Steamboat 254 115,128 10,125 Coach 9,163 4,025.362 202,592 Inferior modes 18,156 3,615,700 223,557 Total 32,771 13,503,457 $1,126,800 Compared with the service on i3oth June last, there is an aggregated decrease of 229 miles in the length of routes ; but an increase of 636,554 miles in the annual transportation, and $126,116 in cost. ISTHMUS TRANSPORTATION. The Panama Railroad C mpany has been paid for transportation of the mails across the |lsthmu3 during the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1856, the sum of $141,303.16. For the first quarter of the present fiscal year they received $44,659.34. At the last session of Congress, I took occasion to call your attention to the large smna paid the Company for this a jrvice, and transmitted to you the correspon dence which had taker place between the Depart ment and the Company, in relation to a proposed reduction in their charges. This report was laid by you before Congress, but no definite action was had thereon. In referring again to this subject, it will be necessary for me simply to repeat the reason stated in my correspon dence with the Company, and in my letter to you of the 16th of April, 185 b. * » * » In April following, the difficulties in Nicaragua had closed the route through that State, which made it impossible for me to have the mails of the United States conveyed by any other route than via Pana ma, and I was then notified that unless the Depart ment should give them twenty-two cents a pound in the future, and pay them the amount $18,093 88) withheld by my order, reducing the price to eigh teen cents a pound, the mails of the United States should not be taken across tbe Isthmus. In view of the financial troubles and probable bankruptcies which a discontinuance of the mail service would have caused to hundreds, if not thousands of our cit izens, on both our Atlantic and Pacific coasts, I was compelled to submit to what I considered a gross im position, and the order of the Department reducing the rate was resciaded, and the company have com tinued to be p id at the rate of twenty-two cents a pound up to this time. The Panama Railroad is for ty-eight miles in length, aud in its construction and equipments, cost, it is said, eight millions of dol lars. The service performed is twice a month each wav. ■fb show the exorbitancy of the demand made by the Company, it will only be necessary for me to re fer to cue of tbe railroads in the United States which receives an adequate compensation fi.r the services rendered the department; and a like reference could be made to tbe compensation of other rail roads, with a similar result. The New York and Erie Railroad is 460 miles in length, and cost over thirty millions of dollars. The service performed is nineteen trips a week, for which they receive niue ty-two thousand dollars a year. The Panama Com pany, with a road costing about one-fourth as much as the New York and Erie, performing but a tithe of the service, received tie last year $49,083 38 more compensation, and for the present year are likely to receive an amount nearly double that paid to the latter company. Viewing this as au attempt to draw from the Treasury more than was properly due, it ought, in my’opinion, to be promptly rebuked, and 1 would therefore recom mend the immediate passage of a law limiting the compensation to a sum not exceeding fifty thousand dollars per annum. This would be a liberal and just remuneration for all the services rendered to the government. In my previous reports I have referred to the ne cessity for increased mail facilities between our At lantic and Pacific coasts. The great and increasing trade and correspondence between these important points demand a weekly service, and I would ask that power be conferred on the Department to enter into a contract to convey the mails twice a month, alternating with the line via Panama, by the route via Nicaragua or Tehauutepec, at a sum not ex ceeding $200,000 a year. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURES. The expenditures of the Department for the past fiscal year, amounted to $10,405,286.36 —viz : For compensation to Postmasters $2,102,690 78 Ship, steamboat and Way Letters 17,612 67 Transportation of the Mails 6,765,639 42 Wrapping Paper 31,627 J 4 Office Furniture 5,290 33 Advertising 64,603 53 Mail Bags 48,915 64 Blanks 48,563 94 Mail Locks, Keys and Stamps. 11,136 76 Mail Depredations, Special Agents 63,501 77 Clerks for Offices - 756,080 80 Postage Stamps ... 26,704 77 Stamped Envelopes .... 64,685 84 Payment to Letter Carriers 162,915 59 Miscellaneous Payments 200,080 40 Balance due to Bremen 8,638 27 Balances due to Great Britain 23,848 71 $10,405,266 36 The gross revenue of the Department from all sources in the past fiscal year was $6,920,821.66 viz : Letter Postage $1,754,766 96 Registered Letters 31,466 60 Stamps sold 4,235,445 49 Newspapers and Pamphlets 632,745 49 Fines 70 00 Emoluments Returned 14,800 03 Letter Carries 162,915 59 Dead Letters .. 8,383 50 Extra compensation to Postpiasters over charged 14,714 96 Miscellaneous Receipts 5,513 04 $6,920,821 66 If to the gross revenue derived from postages and the other sources embraced in the foregoing state ment be added the permanent annual appropriation of SIOO,OOO, granted by the acts 3d March, 1847 and 3d March, 1851, for mail services rendered to the government, iu the transportation and deliverey of free matter, the entire revenue of the year 1856 will amount, to $7,620,821.66. The expenditure of the year, as before stated, were $10,405,286.36, to which is to be added the sum of $3,194.78, for ac counts closed by “bad” and “compromised debts,” less $612.96 for the amount of credit balance closed by “suspense account,” leaving the whole expendi ture of the year, as stated by the Auditor $10,407,- 867.18. Hence it appears that the excess of expen ditures over the gross revenue of the year was $2,787,046 52. In the fiscal year which ended June 30th, 1852, the first after the adoption of the reduced rates, the rev enue was dimislied about 22 per cent.; and for the period of four years terminating on the 30th June, 1856, the average annual increase of revenue from letter postage and stamps sold, was 9 33-100 per cent.; nearly four per cent., of which average was derived from the extraordinary increase in 1854, which exceeded the previous year 21 9-100 per cent. In 1853, 1855 and 1856, the business of the country was neither seriously depressed nor embarrassed, and yet the average increase in these years were less than 5£ per cent.; from which, it is tuir to con clude, that low rates of postage have ceased to stimulate the correspondence of the country. ESTIMATES FOR THE CURRENT YEAR. It is estimated that the expenditures for the year 1857, will amount to $10,658,678, viz : Fortr nsportation of the mails, foreign and inland, and for local agents, route agents and mail messengers $6,675,000 For compensation to postmasters, ship, steam boat and way-letters, wrapping paper, of fice furniture, advertising, mail bags, blanks, mail locks, keys and stamps, mail depredations and special agents, clerks for ofiices, postage stamps and stamped envel opes .. 3,508,500 For various expenses, incidental to the ser vice 100,000 For balances payable to foreign countries on postal accounts 210,178 For letter carriers 165,000 $10,658,678 The means available for the year 1857 are estima ted at $9,991,794.78, viz : Balance to the credit of the revenue account on the 30th of June, 1856, aa stated by the Auditor $789,599,78 Deduct for unavailable balances and sus pended credit about 200,000.00 Probable available balauce $589,599.78 Gross revenue for 1857 estimated at 7,399,695.00 Appropriations applicable to 1857, remain ing in the Treasury undrawn 2,063,500.00 $9,991,791.78 Estimated deficiency in 1857 to be provided for by Congress $666,883.22 If the permanent annual appropriation of $700,000 granted by Congress lor services rendered to the government in the transmission and distribution of tree m-tter be embraced in the revenue of each year, the annual excess or expenditure over revenue for four years past will be as follows, viz : Excess of expenditure year ending— June 30, 1853. .$2,042,364.67 “ “ “ “ 1854.. 1,666,224.82 14 44 44 44 1855.. 2,626,856.15 44 44 44 44 1856.. 2,787,946.52 THE FRANKING PRIVILEGE. In my last annual report, iu referring to the defi ciency in the Post office revenue, I expressed mv re gret that Congress had not abolished the franking privilege when .hey passed the act of 3d March, re ducing the raies of postage. The experience of the last year has satislied me more fully that this privil ege should be speedily abolished. For months du ring this year free matter by the ton passed through the mails into every part ot the United States, inter fering greatly with the regular transmission of the correspondence of the country. When this free matter passes from the railroads, it is almost imprac ticable to forward it by the ordinary conveyances.— The evil is yearly increasing, detracting largely from the revenues of the Department, and impairing its efficiency. If my views regarding the abolition of the frank ing —a measure which would greatly re duce the expenses of the Department—be not adopt ed by Congress, I would recommend the passage of a law enabling the Department to charge the ordi nary rates of postage on letters and printed matter tfhicli now pass free through the mails. If, in addi tion to this, the clause of the act of 30th August, 1852, allowing a deduction of 50 per cent, on news papers and periodicals when paid quarterly or year ly in advance, be abolished, as recommended in my last two annual reports, and the Department be re lieved from the expense of ocean mail steamships and Isthmus service, it would, with a proper econo my soon sustain itself. The power of the head of this Department over the treasury would then be confined within proper limits, and the accountabili ty contemplated by the act of 1836 be again estab lished. PRE PAYMENT OF TRANSIENT AND PRINTED MAT TER. The operation of the act which went into effect Ist April, 1855, requiring pre-payment of postage on letters from one point to another within the United States has proved generally very satisfactory.— Without alluding to other advantages, it affords the only sure means of guarding the Department against loss from fraud or carelessness ; ana I beg to renew my former recommendation for the passage of an act making pre-payment also compulsory on tran sient printed matter. OCEAN MAIL LINES. In relation to these mail lines, to foreign ports, I may be permitted, to observe that, if the present system is to be continued of sustaining them in whole, or in part, out of the funds of the General Treasury, no reason is perceived why one port of the United States should be preferred to the exclu sion of others. From the port of New York there now run four lines, embracing the branch from New Orleans to Havana, which receive from the Trea sury the yearly sum of one million four hundred and ninety-eight thousand dollars ; and appropriations continue to be asked for other lines runniug from the same port. The establishment of steam lines from any port adds considerably to its trade and importance, and the advantages arising therefrom should be distri buted equally, as far a« practicable, among the dif ferent States of the Union. General regularity has been observed on all the United States Steamship lines, except between New Orleans and Vera Cruz, and New Orleans and AspinwalL The most serious complaints have arisen from the repeated failures of the New Orleans mail to connect with the New York and Pacific line at the Isthmus of Panama. No less than thirteen of these failures, either outward or inward, have occurred since the 20th of June, 1855. Some of these, it is alleged, have been occasioned by accidents to the steamers and others from causes beyond the control of the Company. Many more failures have occurred since the contractors have run via Havana, than when the service was direct between New Orleans and Anpinwall. From July, 1852, to September, 1854, the mails were conveyed direct; but by thei r con tract, the Company stipulate only to run from New Y'ork and New Orleans to Havana, thence by one line to Aspinwall; and the Department cannot com pel them to keep up the direct service. Evey means, however, within the power of the Department, has been and will continue to be employed to enforce regularity, and it is hoped there will be no further cause of complaint. POSTAL CONVENTIONS WITH FOREIGN GOVERN MENTS. I regret that the differences hitherto preventing the conclusion of a Postal Convention with France, are still unadjusted. The hope was entertained that as this Department had yielded to the desire of the French Government as regards the adoption of the quarter ounce scale for letters, that an arrangement would before this have been consummated and in successful operation. The terms offered on the part of* the United States are certainly liberal, and there appears to be no good reason why they may not be accepted. It was with reluctance, however, that consent on our part was given to the quarter ounce scale, since the half ounce for single letters is the scale observed with us, and in all our postal arrange ments with foreign countries: and, looking to a cheap, simple, and. as far as practical le, uniform system of postage, which, it is hoped, may ere long be ar ranged for __ international corresp indence throug out the civilized world, it would be an important point gained, were the French government to as sent to the general introduction of the half ounce scale. The French government having made provision for the transit conveyance through England of books, pamphlets, newspapers, magazines and other printed matter from the United States addressed to France, Algeria or cities of Turkey, Syria and Egypt, where France has postal arrangements on applica tion of the French Director General of Posts in the month of March last, instructions were issued from this Department, authorizing the transmission, via England, of all such printed matter on prepayment of the same rates of the United States postage as are chargeable thereon when despatched to France direct. A proposition has been received from the British Post Office for a reduction of the postage between the United States and Great Britain, from twenty four to twelve cents the single letter. In answer, this Department has indicated a willingness to agree to this proposal, provided the transit charge on mail» passing through England, from and to the Un Jed .Status, is reduced to twelve and a half cents an ounce, the price paid by that government for the i conveyance of the British and Canada mails through ! the L nited States. This Department has been tor j years endeavoring to have an abatement made in t.ns tiansit charge, which is oonsid -red excessive, and in the present instance the condition was ren dered necessary, inasmuch as a reduction on United otates and British correspondence will involve, also a reduction of the sea postage on the United States and Continental closed mails, the effect of which would be greatly to reduce the receipts from the United States Mail Steamship lines, unless there is a corresponding reduction in the British transit tax, so that by lower rates correspondence would be in creased sufficiently to prevent loss. <: ' So far as Great Britain is concerned, iu the event of a reduction simply in the Atlantic postage, it is not likely she would suffer any serious diminution of her postal revenues, since she would doubtless be compensated for any loss on that account by the increased amount of transit postage she would real ize under such au arrangement. This con ii ion was, moreover,,coupled with an offer on the part of this Department to have the transit price for all closed mails, in both countries fixed at the uniform rate ot twelve and a half cents an ounce, a conces sion which would secure to the British and Califor nia and Wr est India closed mails, the right of transit, in some cases, at one-half, and in others at only one quarter the price now charged under the treaty. I was the more ready to make this concession, first, because I regarded it as of the highest impor tance that the correspondence bet ween this country and Europe should be relieved from the onerous tax to which it is now subjected, in order that the peo ple on both sides of the Atlantic, in their social and business intercourse, may be us little trammelled as possible: and second, because it is likewise very de sirable, as well in foreign as in ilomestic posted ar ragements, that simplicity and uniformity should be observed. Arrangements have made between this Department and the postal authorities of Great Britain and Canada, providing Tor the registra tion ot valuable iettegptransmitted,between those countries and the United States. The United States registration fee is five cents—the same as on registered letters to any place in this country. Articles of agreements have beon drawn and exe cuted oil behalf of this Department, providing lor a regular exchange of mails witli Holland. The pro ject is favorably regarded by the government of the Netherlands, and assurances hjfT’6 ed leading to the belief that, with a slight modifica tion touching the Belgian transit postage, it will be accepted. An informal arrangement has been entered into with the Free City of Hamburg for au exchange of mails by means ot the direct line of Hamburg steam ers» plying monthly between that city and N. York. The single rate of postage established for letters is ten cents, no mails for places beyond Hamburg being transmitted by this line. With Mexico no postal convention has yet been concluded, but it is confidently hoped that the pend ing negotiations on this subject may result in au arrangement mutually advantageous to both coun tries. STATISTICS OF FOREIGN MAIL SERVICE. The statistics of the foreign mail service are fully staled in Appendix A, annexed to (his report . 1 will, however, briefly mention some of the principal results in this important branch of the service ; as compared with the operations of the fiscal year end ed 30th June, 1855 : The aggregate amount of postage, foreign and domestic, on mails transported by the United States Mail S’.eamship Lines, was $1,035,740.33, which is a decrease of $24,890.40 from the previous year. The decrease of postage by the line was $43,- 117.80; by the Havre lino, $593.51, and by the Charleston and Havana line, $515 61. By the Bre men line the postages were increased $12,593 77 ; by the New York and California lines, $6,370 92 : and by the New Orleans and Vera Cruz line, $311.89. The total amount of letter postage on British mails during the past year, was $897,618.70, being a decrease from last year of $32,048.74. Os this amount $601,031.40 was collected in the United States, and $296,617.30 in Great Britain, showing an excess of $394,414.10 collected iu this country. The unpaid received from Great Britain exceeded the paid received $155,454 PI ; and the paid sent from the United States exceeded the unpaid st-.nt sllß,- 959.16. The total letter postages on Prussian closed mails was $299,455.71, which varies but little from the preceding year, when the postages on this class of correspondence amounted to $299,578.46. The pro portion of this postage collected by the United States was, however, largely increased, the excess collected in this country being $80,388.83. This ex cess during the previous year was $29,722.78. The amount of letter portages on Havre mails was $16,139 08, all of which was collected in this coun try. Last year, the postage on these mails amount ed to $16,915 92. A corresponding decrease Ims also taken place in the amount of correspondence exchanged with Bre men, the total postages being only $55,789 85, or $1,874 21 less than the preceding year. It will thus be observed that the amount of for eign correspondence has not only fallen off very considerably, but the revenue derived therefrom to the United States Post Office has likewise been ma terially lessened by the largely increased collections made in. this country, as compared with any previ ous year. During the year ended 30th June, 1855, the excess of British postages collected by the Uni ted States, over the total amount of United States postages collected by Great Britain, was, $64,- §2O 64. This excess during the fiscal year was increased to $34,530 83, notwithstanding the diminished amount of correspondence. Like results are exhib ited in respect to the mails exchanged with Prussia and Bremen, showing that under our postal ar rangements with those countries, the principle of prepayment operates very unequally against the United States, the expenses of collectiong chiefly borne by this Department, which not only collects its own, but also a very large proportion of the for eign postages,and accounts for the same in full to the foreign offices, without receiving any compen satory benefit in return. The gross amount of United States postage on mails conveyed during the year by the Collins line was $415,8t>7 44; by the Bremen line, $128,937 64; and by the Havre line, $38,483 99. Deducting the United States inland postages on these mails, the net revenue from ocean postages by the Collinslitie was $339,749 14; by the Bremen line, $85,492 88, and by the Havre line, $71,882 JO. The general results of the foreign mail service du ring the year, as exhibited in the appendix, will be found, on comparison, not to vary materially in oth er respects from those of the fiscal year ended June 39th, 1855. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, Your obedient servant, James Campbell. To the President. From an Extraordinary Edition of the Water ford News , Nov. 19. The Frightful Accident on I lie Kilkenny Rail road. Ireland. Waterford, Wednesday Evening 5 o’clock.— This day one of the most appalling accidents which ever occurred in this part of the country took place on the Waterford and Kilkenny railway, at Dunkitt, about three miles from this city. It appears that a number of men who were employed ballasting the line above the scene of the calamity, were standing in lurrys, with an engine attached, awaiting on the side rail the arrival of the mail train from Dublin to proceed to their work, but on the approach of the latter, which consisted of the engine and tender, followed by two goods wagons, two passenger car riages, first and second class, and three goods trains bringing up the rear, the engine driver observed that the points were not regulated to let his train on the main line, and seeing a collision iuvitable, lie shouted with all his might to the men on the statio nary train to jump off, which he did himself, and the collision immediately took place. The working men in the stationary train jumped from the lurry, and a high embankment being at the side they rushed to, all tumbled back again, were caught by the train and cut to atoms—four had their Leads cut completely off, and one, who was the only victim that showed uny signs of li f e after the collision, had his arms cut off. Human ef forts must fail to accurately describe this appalling picture ; brains, blood, and entrails of men, pieces of carriages and engines, goods aud luggage, are every where visible, and all present a scene too ter rible for contemplation. The engine driver, who fortunately leaped on to the side of* the track where the down train should have passed, escaped almost unhurt. The engine of the down train, with tender and goods wagon, were smashed to atoms, the ten der, on our viewing it, being standing ou the end. The following are the names of the five men who were killed : John Kennedy, Patrick Murphy, John Hudson, James Myers and Martin Doyle. The man Kennedy lay in adith bounding one side of the line, with his skull smashed in, out of which might be seen protruding the unfortunate man’s brains; another lay longitudinally on the track, with the wheel of the engine through his back, literally cut in two, and having his head completely severed from his body; while a third man might be seen with both arms off. The remaining two men had also their heads severed from their bodies, and under the wagons adjacent, could be seen, strewed about, fragments of the brains of the men. All those kill ed were laborers who had come to Thomasf oil and were employed in ballasting the line. The unfortu nate mau Hudson, lived for some few minutes after the accident occurred, but expired before the-arrival of the clergyman who had been sent for. lie left a wife and six children to deplore his untimely fate. — This was his first day’s employment on the fine, and he had been only two hours at work. Patrick Mur phy also left a wife and three children. The other three men were not married. The passenger carriages of the down train, which contained about twenty persons, fortunately were not mingled with the ruin, but the sudden collision caused the greatest consternation among the pas sengers, daaned them about in the greatest confusion injuring all more or less. Territory of Arrazonia. — I The Washington correspondent of the Baltimore Sun says : The territory of A rrazonia, the inhabitants of which have sent a delegate to Congress, to present their claims for an organised territorial government, em braces the territory acquired by the Gadsden treaty, in addition to the Messilla valley, which we ha<l claimed under the former treaty, and comprises twenty-nine thousand square miles. A portion of tbe territory is said to be arable, and well watered, and anDther portion is undoubtedly rich in mines of gold, silver and copper. Wagons have traversed the territory from the Rio Grande to the head of the Gulf of California. The territory is chiefly valued, however, as presenting the shortest and most practicable route for a rail road to the Pacific. The distance from the Rio Grande to San Diego, or San Pedro, by routes which have been indicated, is about 1,600 miles.— This is the route to which the Secretary of War gives the preference, amot g those which the gov ernment have caused to be examined and surveyed. The cost of a railroad by this route will be very moderate, according to the estimates, and they are believed by the Secretary to be within the mark. Before the railroad shall be completed, however,* from Fulton to the Rio Grande, we may have an other slice of Mexico, aud it inay be found expedi ent to run the road farther south. Whether the House will consent to create a sepa rate territorial government for Arrazonia, or extend that of New Mexico over it, is to be seen. Meteorology. —The monthly mean of the ther mometer for November is 55.3. Maximum point of barometer 29.77. minimum, 29.13. R&Dge for the month .64 showing an unusu al degree of expansability in atmospheric pressure, and probably accounting to some extent for the pre valence of diseases of the respiratory organs. For a.-* sudden changes in the temperature effect the skin and produce disease, by breathing cold and warm air alternately, we might suppose that a greater or le*s amount of oxygen existing in the atmoephere we breathe, might by rapid transitions, produce an unhealthy state of the lungs and bronchial tubes. Amount of rain for the month 9.73 inches which seem to be making up the deficiency of the summer months.— Sparta Georgian. Coolness Unparalleled. —A mercantile firm of this cito received this week a letter from the cap tain of one of thebiigs they chartered, dated Bar badoes. in which he informs them that as he believes the United States are about going, to eternal smash, he sold ship and cargo and pocketed the money, which he didn’t think they will ever see again. He concludes with some complimentary allusions to our countrymen, and wishes he had never seen any of them. The vessel is the brig Boston.— Boston Ga zette. VOL. LXX.—NEW SERIES VOL. XX. NO. 51. Extensive Conulcrfcifliur Operations IMnYov ered. A Club ok Spurious Bill Brokers Brought to Light.— At New York, on Saturday, officer Hugh Masterson, assisted by Officers Murphy and Sutherla ad, succeeded iu bringing to light oue of the most extensive offices for the circulation of counterfeit money ever brought to the knowledge of the police or the business public. From present appearances, it seems as though a cl ue has been obtained to the headquarters of a nest ot skilltul sounterfeiters, w’bo for years have been committing their depredations on* society. Word brought to the Chief’s office that a number of skillfully executed bills on the Morris County Bank were in circulation, which almost defied the experi ence ot the employee of the bank to detect, while brokers repeatedly took them for genuine, and the (. aslnci wished Mr. Matsell to send a competent officer to make an arrest, as bethought he knew* who one of the parties were. Officer Masterson was ac cordingly despatched to work the matter up, and he found that a man named John Garrison hail notified the bank that he knew where the false money could be bought . After a conference with the officers of the bank, it was at length agreed that Mr. Master son should be introduced by Garrison to the suspect ed party as a drover who wished the counterfeit money to pay for cattle. He was accordingly taken to the Commercial Hotel in Courtland street, where Garrisou introduced him to a person whom he called John Williams. Williams offered to furnish the supposed drover with counterfeit money on the Morris County Bank to any amount for forty cents i*n the dollar, and produced the money to show how well it was executed. At this moment one of the other officers entered the room, and Williams sus pecting something wrong, sprang for the grate, and thrust the bills iu his hand in the fire ; but they were picked out in time to show what they were. YY illiams was taken to the Chief’s office, where, after some solicitation, he informed the officers that he had procured the false money of Taylor vY* Broth- brokers, doing business at the corner of Chatham and James streets. The officers, accom panied by the piisouer, proceeded to the place in dicated, and alter some lnauoeuvering succeeded in arresting James $1 and Frank Taylor on the charge of passing counterfeit money. The plan for cutcL ing them in the act of passing the money, was laid most adroitly, and succeeded admirably. It was done by Williams buying the spurious bills of one of the Taylor’s while the two officers stood by, at an other counter, pretending to want the change of two ten doflnr bills, until they saw thermunterfrit money produced, when they immediately arrested the two Taylors. The premises were theu searched, when a number ot packages of counterfeit money was found, amounting in all to over $20,000. The prisoners, together with the money iu the store, good aud bad| were taken to the Chief’s office, where the matter will bo further investigated to-day. Among the counterfeit bills were a number on the Merchant’s Bank of New York, Morris County Bank of New .Jersey, Fanners’ Bank of New Y’ork, Hamilton Bank of New Jersey, mostly of large denomina tions ; Easton Bunk of Pennsylvania, and Onondu ga Bank of New York, besides others. Williams, it is said, was recently pardoned out of State prison by Gov. Clark. The New Y’ork Times of Monday gives some ad ditional particulars : In addition to the counterfeit- money, a large quantity ot genuine was found, which was counted up and sealed by the President and Cashier of the 1 radesmen s Bank, with whom these parties had been transacting business, and who, hearing of the arrest of the Taylors, had oome into the office in order to secure their own property. The prisoners, togotli er with the entire contents of the office, were theu conveyed to tlie Chiefs office. The counterfeit notes seized amount to $30,000, and all of them are so admirably executed as to re quire the closest scrutiny of good judges to detect them. r lhey were sole to Williams for a shilling on the dollar. The prisoners were lodged, Saturday night, iu the Third Ward station house. Yerterday morning the arrested parties were taken before Justice Davidson of the Jefferson Market Police Court for examination. Williams stated that his real name was Augustus Kimberly, and that he came from Connecticut. lie is 45 years old, and has a family in Connecticut. He profesSes that this is liis first essay in the counterfeiting business. 11 o was committed for trial in default ot bail. The two Taylors gave their names a i James M. Taylor and Jeremiah L. Taylor. The first is 32 years of age, and the latter 35. They stated that they were both natives of New Y'ork City, and had always lived here. They gave bail in $5,000 each. Marcus Starkie, of No. 105 Monroe street, became surety for James M. Tayior, and William H Good win, of No. 107 East Thirty-ninth street, for .Jere miah L. Tayloi On Saturday, the day of the arrest of the above parties, Justice Davidson issued warrants, also, for the arrest of the Messrs. Taylo.s. The ground of the issue of the wairants was * a statement by a younglud, named George Kelly, * arrested Friday afternoon for passing two of the counterfeit bills above referred to, on the Onondago bank ofSyra cuse, that lie obtained the bills from the office of tlk Messrs. Taylors, Exchange Brokers, corner of Chatham and James st reets. The arrest of young Kelly was mentioned in Saturday’s Times. He says lie gave the Taylors one shilling apiece for the bills. Kelly was likewise examined yesterday be fore Justice Davidson, and in default of bail, com mitted for trial. Am Emeus— Conference Session. —The Georgia Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, commenced its session in Amertcus on Wednesday last— the venerable and venerated Bishop Andrews presiding over its deliberations.— Tii re were iu attendance about two hundred Preachers, itinerant and local, and the proceedings oi this large and influential body, up to the time of our leaving, were delightfully harmonious and satis factory. Bishop Andrews possesses very superior talents as a presiding officer. His occasional ad monitions and suggestions are exceedingly well timed and appropriate. On Sabbath morning he de livered one of his good old-fashioned, telling dis courses, to the very large and deeply impressed auditory, which assembled at the Met hodist Church. After which, he ordained to the office of Deacon some forty candidates, “ » The Uev. Dr. Summers, the indefatigable and learned Book Editor, from Nashville, w*as also in attendance, and made interesting and effective speeches at the Anniversaries of the Sunday School, Tract and Missionary Societies. Upwards of twen ty thousand dollars were raised during the last year, within the bounds ol the Conference for missions ; and we judged from the reports, that other interests under the supervision and direction ot* the Confer ence, were highly prosperous. We are not pre pared at present to notice them more elaborately. We cannot omit, however, to mention the gratifica tion with winch we listened to an eloquent address before the Conference, from the Rev. Dr. McNeil, the efficient con esponding secret try of the Ameri can Bible Society. The pulpits of the different Churches on Sabbatii, were tilled, by members of the Conference ; and the intelligent and worthy citizens dispensed their hospitality w*ith graceful and characteristic afflu ence. We were compelled to leave before the appoint ments were announced. —Macon Messenger. Late fpoai Texas. —The steamship Louisiana,at New Orleans from Indianola via Galveston, brings later news from Texas. Ex Governor Bell will not be a candidate for re election to Congress. The weather, says the Galveston papers, has been wet, and the receipts of cotton have fallen off’. It is thought most of the crop within hauling distance is in the market. The receipts are almost double in amount of those up to the corresponding period of last year, and it is thought that moat of the cotton still to come forward is that from high up in the interior and awaiting navigation, and suen as is detained east of the Trini ty, where the crop has been good, for a rise in that river, the Sabine and Neelies. Business has been further limited in this city in consequence of the dif ficulty of sampling and handling cotton in the mud and rain. Some sugar planters have commenced grinding, but the cane wus not in a condition to make any yield. There is again an expression of fears of the incur sions of the ludians. The Civilan says: The news in our last of Indian murders in Kerr county seems to indicate that the people of that new county are in a critical situation. Ton of her citizens were murdered within a few days. Her losses last year, in life and stock, were considerable, and altogether that beautiful region has had a severe scourge. Kersville is the highest settlement on the Guadalupe, and, unless protected by the military, the people must either abandon their homes or de fend themselves, which, with so sparse a population, Ls hard to do. One of our Galveston contemporaries notices a new article of cotton raised iu Fort Bend county. It is called silk cotton, and is an entirely new article, imported from Mexico, and lias never been tried in Texas before. Five bales of this cotton had just been sold in the Galveston market at twenty cents per pound. Atlantic &, Gulf Railroad Company. —The Board of Commissioners ot the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad Company met in this city ou Thursday, the 4th instant. PRESENT, Hon. J. P. Screven. Hon. W. G. Ponder, 44 Charles Spalding, “ E. R. Young, “ C. J. Munnerlyn, 44 W. B. Hodgson. J. YV. Duncan, Secretary. On motion of Hon. W. G. Ponder, Dr. James P. Screven, of Chatham, was appointed President pro Lem. of the Board of Commissioners. Messrs. Ponder, Young, Munnerlyn and Screven presented additional subscriptions in part, in substi tution of previous subscriptions, as well as increas ing the stock over six hundred thousand dollars. In conformity of the order of his Excellency, the Governor, in compliance with the Act of Incorpo ration, the Stockholders proceeded, under the super intendance of the Commissioners, to elect a Board of Directors for the permanent organization of the Company. The Hon. A. J. Lawson, of Burke, and the lion. I.T. Irving, of Wilkes, represented the yote of the State. On counting out the ballots, it appeared that the following nine gentlemen were unanimously elected Directors until February, 1858, to wit : James P. Screven, C. J. Munnerlyn, W. B. Hodgson, J. K. Stapler, J. Stoddard, A. T. Mclntyre, 11. Roberts, E. It. Young, W. H. Long. The duties of the Board of Commissioners having terminated, they retired. * The meeting of the Board of Directors was held in private. We understand, however, that the Hon. J. P. Screven was elected President of the Board. —Southern Recorder. Irish Emigration. —Notwithstanding the de creased population in Ireland and the improved de mand and better wages for labor, the people con tinue to desert their native soil. According to one of the Galway papers, the self ex patriation is still alive, and the peasantry manifest a restless tenden denc> to try their fortunes in other climes. The mania, it is said, is rapidly extending to the middle as well as the lower classes, and it is by no means confined to the west of Ireland—it pervades the is land throughout. The paucity of inhabitant in some districts, says the Western Star, one would think would be au in ducement for the present residents to remain, espe cially as wages are good for operatives and work men of every craft, and the laborer is surrounded with an amount of comfort he never enjoyed before. Bands of emigrants of the laboring class, escorted by numbers of relatives, are continually passing through this town on their way to America, whence they, for the most part, have received the amount of their passage money. Though the intelligence re ceived from the United States and Canada is for the most part encouraging to those who contemplate crossing the Atlantic, yet the feeling is gradually increasing of proceeding to Australia. It has be come knovrn that some of the colonies have sub scribed largely in aid of emigration from this coun try on the “bounty system,” and every day for the last month we have had a large number of applica tions to know how “free passages” can be obtained. The authorities, however, have not afforded any fa cilities to such of the inhabitants of the west of Ire land as might be anxious to emigrate, after having been deemed suitable candidates for passage. Rev. Lovick Pierce. —This venerable and emi nent divine preached his semi-centennial Anniver sary Sermon, before the Georgia Conference, and a crowded audience, on Sabbath night last, at Ame ricus. It was an occasion of deep interest, aud thrilling memories were called up from the eventful past, by this “old man eloquent,” who for half a century, has rendered distinguished and valuable service in every department of religious and philan thropic effort.— Macon Messenger. From the L tndon Pont, Nov. 18. The English RniUvay Swindler* Red path was not only known as a constant guest at fashionable parties, but even contrived to get presented at Court. He was almost as equally w< 11 known in Paris as in London, he being a frequent visiter there, and being in the habit of patronizing the Hotel Windtor, where he lived in moat princely style, his hotel bill being said to have averaged £ 100 a week. During a recent visit it is stated that he became a competitor with the Emperor for a beautiful*an tique model of Leda and the Swan in silver. The Empepor offered £7OO, and Redpath £750, and the ornament was duly conveyed to the man sion at Weybridge. Redpath, like Robson, was a great patron of the theatres, and might nightly be seen either at the Royal Italian Opera or the llaymaiket, to the stage ot which he had ready access, and where his love of display, which beseems to have possessed in an ex traordinary degree, caused him often to give away his money—or perhaps we should say that of his em ployers —in a most extraordinary manner. Thus, he upon one occasion said to u leading actor, “ , my dear fellow, you never take a benefit, and I have no opportunity ot showing my appreciation of your character as a man and your talents as an actor, as 1 wish to do ; do me, therefore* the pleasure to ac cept this slight acknowledgment of my opinion of you”—at the same a check for fifty pounds into his hands. The boxkeeper of the same theatre having died a few weeks since, leaving a widow and seven children, an appeal was made to Redpath to assist in getting one of them into the St. Ann’s Society Asylum, lie promised to use his best endeavors, and the next day sent the reouisite number of proxies to secure the election. Nor does his conduct appear to have been always controlled by ostentation f he having been known, upon more than oue occasion, when attending the elections at the institution to which wo have alluded to, go up to some poor widow whom he had seen bathed in tears, fearing that she had no pros pect of securing the election of her child—to inquire mto the case—desire her to ascertain how many more proxies she required, and then give her a cheque to secure them; whilst iu other cases, lie has presented the mother with £ 20 or £25 to assist her until the next election. On the occasion of the an nual festive!* of oue or more of the charitable insti tutions of the metropolis, Leopold Redpath was in the habit of paying from £SO to £IOO from his own jmcket in order to add to the splendor of the dinner a tact of which very few of tue guests were cogui zaiif.' At the first dinner of one of these societies, after the return of his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge from the Crimea—an occasion on which his Royal Highness presided—loo were so expend ed—the subscription list also bearing the names of “Leopold. Redpath, Esq., £SO; and Mrs. Redpath £;>o/ Hut this was not all ; for in the course ot the evening Redpath handed in another cheque for £ 105, as a donation from a “citizen who admires the character of his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, and who wishes to congratulate his Royal Ilighuess on his return from the Crimea.” Pennsylvania Coai. Trade.—The Pennsylva nia anthracite coal trade for the year ending Nov. **o, 1850, is returned as 0,323,120 tons, being an in crease of 175,1110 tons over the previous year. The total increase if the year will probaby reach 225,- 310 tons. The following is a comparison of the trade of the present year in the several regions with that of last year: 1855. 1850. Schuylkill Railroad 2,212,784 2,080,1108 44 Canal 1,091,705 1,110*021 Lehigh Canal 1,27-1,980 1,180,010 44 Railroad 9,003 J 05.740 Pennsylvania Coal Company. 430,081 552,722 Wyoming down Canal 401,039 510.031 Dei. and Hudson Company... 539,375 £>o3 090 Shamokin 110,111 Est 125,000 Prom Scranton—East 00,000 50,000 0,117,810 0,323,120 Os the increase t his year, 100,000 tons come from the Wilkesbarre region, 91,000 from the Lehigh, 50,000 from the Scranton, and 10,000 from theSlia mokin. There is a decrease of 50,000 tons from the Schuylkill,and 30.000 by t,lie Delaware and Hud son Company.— hull. Sun. The Largest Gonghkssionai. District in the United States.—The largest. Congressional district in the United States (says the Cincinnati Enquirer) is the second district of Wisconsin. The usual ave rage for Congressional districts is from eight thous and to fifteen tliousaud votes, but this district at the late eleclion voted tlius for Congressman : C. Billinghurst. 25,800 H.C. Hobart 23,448 Total vote 49,248 This is enormous, and well illustrates the prodigi ous growl hos Wisconsin within the last five years. By the next census that, district will undoubtedly be entitled to at least three members of Congress.— Union. Kansas News.— By the steamer Omaha, from the Missouri river, we learn that twenty-two of the pri Honors at. Leeompton, who had been convicted, es caped from prison by digging out under the foun dation. They were not released by a inob, as was rumored. About sixty of the remaining prisoners are now being tried before Judge Cato, at Tecum neh. Gov. Geary has not been arrested for contempt ot court, as has been rumored. Hays, who hud been discharged by Judge Le oompte, ou bail, and re arrested by order o? Gov. Geary, has been released on habeas corpus gran ted by Judge Lecompte, and lie is now at liberty, on bail. The land sales were adjourned on Wednesday morning to Friday, in consequence of a slight diffi culty occurring. It seems some man bid oil* a claim as a squatter, at a valuation price, when it turned out he was a citizen of Missouri. The Com missioner requires a man who claims the rightH of a squatter to be an actual occupant and resident on the land.— St. Louis Intelligencer , 3 d inst. An Important Arrival —Among the arrivals re volted in our marine list this morning is lliat of the Panama Railroad Co.’s brig E. Drummond, from As pinwall on the 18th ult. The E. Drummond has on board 600 barrels of oil, the first, parcel which has been brought across the Isthmus, and we regard it as only the commence ment of a trade which is destined to effect impor tant changes in a portion of the Pacific whale fish ing. This lot of oil was brought into Panama by the American whaling brig Sarah McFarlane, Cap tain Davis C. Osborne. It was sent over the Rail road on the 14th of November, and was alongside the wharf in New York on the 7th inst or till days from the Pacific. The oil has arrived in perfect or der, and, as the Captain of the E. Drummond says, has not leaked a drop. The whole expense of deliv ering it in New York, taking it from ship’s takles in the Bay of Panama, is only 9 cents per gallon.— N. Y. Jour. Com. Railroad Accident. —From a friend who came yesterday over the line of the South Carolina Rail road, we learn some particulars ot a collision that occurred about *2:30 P. M., «n Tuesday, between the two Daily trains on the Wilmington and Manchester Railroad. The collision occurred near t he “Pee Dee Curve,” and very near the trestling which the train from Wilmington had just cleared. There were three passenger cars* in each train, with full complement of tenders and baggage cars, and in all about two hundred passengers, including one hundred negroes. The most remarkable and most, surprising incident is, that notwithstanding the number of passengers, and the comparatively high rate of speed, no one was seriously Injured. Many were bruised more or less, and inmost cases these were persons who attempted to jump off at the instant of approach. Botli tiaius were behind time. — Ch. Cour. Long Sentence. —Tlm#ourt of Common Pleas ®f Adams county, Ohio, concluded the trial of a man named Milligan for the murder of an old man named Senter and his wife, on Saturday week, by sen fencing the culprit to ninety-nine years imprison ment. The May avi lie (Ky.) Eagle states that so great was the popular feeling in regard to the case that even after this severe sentence the prisoner had to be smuggled to a Kentucky jail to prevent his being hung by the inob. The murder was a most atrocious one, but we fear the proceedings in the case of the negro the other day mentioned as having been lynched in the same county were not without their natural influence in the present instance.— Andrew Lyons was convicted of manslaughter by the same court a day or two previous, and was the companion of Milligan in the precautionary trans fer. They were subsequently sent to the Ohio Peni tentiary. The Relative Rank of States. —The votes cast at the Presidential election have demonstrated that several States have changed their position in the order of population. Illinois, which was less then Indiana in 1850. now polls a larger vote by some 8,500. The official vote of the two States is as follows : Indiana. Illinois. Buchanan 118,672 105,344 Fremont 94 376 96,180 Fillmore 22,386 37,451 Total 235,434 238,975 Allowing one vote to every seven inhabitants which is about theproportipn in the Western States we have a population of 1,672,825 for Illinois .and 1,048,038 for Indiana. Both States outstrip Vir ginia, and that State, which was the first in point of population so late as 1810, the second in 1020, the third in 1830, the fourth in 1840 and 1850, is now the sixth. The present order is as follows : New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Virginia. We are not sure that Tennessee also may not have out stripped Virginia by this time, thus reducing her to the seventh place in the roll of States. By 1860, Michigan, Wisconsin, and perhaps one or two others will be claiming precedence of the Old Dominion.— Nothville Patriot. Election of Judges and Solicitors. —The last Legislature passed the following law, and we call the people’s attention to it, as it changes the time of election from October to the first Monday in Janua ry. The term of most of the present incumbents in office will not expire till next October, and although the law is not definite whether the election shall be in advance of the expiration of their terms or the January following, we presume the January in ad vance is intended, otherwise there will be three months next year, when there will be no presiding officers. Bear it then in mind, that Judges and So licitors are to be elected on the first Monday of next January.— So. Recorder. “Sec. 1. Be it enacted , 4*c., That from and after the passage of this act, the regular elections of Judges of the Superior Courts, Attorney General and Solicitor Generals shall be held on the first Mon day in January. Sec. 2. Repeals conflicting laws.'’—[See laws of 1855-’6, p. 140. Fatal Shooting. —A most melancholy difficulty occurred at Madison Court House, in this State, on Monday last, between a Mr. Dickson and Messrs. Morris and Bishop, oil citizens of that place, in which the two last named gentlemen were fatally shot! This bloody disaster was the result, as we are informed, of an old disagreement between Dickson and Morris. Mr. Bishop became involved a* the friend of his brother in law, Mr. Morris.— Florida Jou't nal. A Debut. —A wealthy and distinguished lady, the wife of a legal gentleman, riding in her own car riage and residing in a splennid mansion near the Fifth Avenue, is, singularly enough, about to step from private life upon the theatrical boards, and make her debut as Juliet, in “Romeo and Juliet, *’ at Buffalo, next Monday evening. The lady in question possesses accomplishments, refinnement, and has been carefully educated. She has a wealthy and adoring husband, and is surrounded by all the delights of domestic life ; but so great is her passion to appear as a tragic actress, that all other consid erations have been overcome, and with the consent of all parties she will make her debut as above stated.— N. Y. Herald. The Vote for President.— The returns of the vote for President as far as received foot up os fol lows : Buchanan, 1,796,277; Fremont, 1,328,185; Fillmore, 822,620. The rrturns to oome in will not materially vary the result. Mr. Buchanan is over four hundred and sixty-eight thousand ahead of Mr. Fremont and Mr. Fremont has nearly half a million votes more than Mr. Fillmore. The combined vote of Fremont and Fillmore is greater than that of Bu chanan by 354,528. — Balt. Sun. New Bedford. —The total valuation of this city, according to the Standard is $27,027,000; real estate $9,311,500; personal, $17,715,500. Rate of taxation, s7.ooper SI,OOO.