Newspaper Page Text
Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel.
BY W.M. S. JONES.
t,«i7iOi> «V. >■>r. :V I IiNEL.
TET.M6, *£.
THE W t£JK L T
I* f'ul.l.hrii ever; W'wlmsd.iy
At TWO BCLLARfI PEH ANNUM
if paid strictly in advance.
IF SOT I'AIU WITH!I, .>/A MONTHS,
Two Dollar* aod fifty Ccn’» Per Year.
TO CJSOM tIN'DIv IDCAL* wndinv or Ten
D«ll*r». SIX er>{M~ paper will lx* sept for one
y ear. thanfumt**, pp th- pe;xr >" the r*.te of
SIX C'JftlES FOB TEIt DOLI.ABS,
or a free copy to all who may proeare o* Five »ul>-
crifiers, and fonrar*! or Urn money.
THE CHHGWiCLE St HEriTINXi.
Dlli.V XVU TUI-WthKI.Y,
Are also jiotmfocd s.l tin* olfioe, aini wailed to sub
aOiiU.ic a; :.ut b-.inw.n.: rater,name.y :
D'.n.r Pa. £R, .i ..oat by mail,.. per aiinum.
Tt; IVi mrKrit 5
Terra, of Adverrtriria.
The WEEKlt—Berenty-five cents per square
lb line* or te"» ; for the £-4 insertion, at.d fifty r ente
t>r eerh foMfeqaer t inpefti.iß
1357 1 THE 1857!
SOL Tiii: US C ULTIV A TO R,
A .UOXTHJUV JOl RNAIa,
Dtroria > tci.i.'»ivr.).r tu utt nfpuovK.WEnr or
W.e> «r»,'»ft«rr. Brmitaj,
iiiactraied with Numer ic* Elegant Engravings
ONE DOI.T.AK A vTaU IV ADVANCE.
DANIEL, 1.E.. .« 1, AM, p REDMOND, EniToRS.
ft hr iftaonth Volume will commence in
January, 1857
Tup Crttits Trip I a large taro nf thirty two page*,
t‘<r. Auk a volume crfZci pahi year. it contain# a
DuuOt giuaur amouiii vt i fading .natui ilia a any Agri
!'ultcr*tl Jo'imal of rb' ing, in addition to
ail tbe current njnirui rural th*’ day.
V ArtL.Wii.rK ORittJNArt C»>Nl KJfKJTION*
from iui.jy of th* ue-t .0 grn ’teal Planter*,
eannar*. and Unrtirt*»t«tewt« in “very section ofth- Hoa»h
4id 8 iuthw“-t.
i r.;uMf>.
OH* Copt, 1 year. *1 *M;optp% } year S9O
*ja Coi iat l . .5 | lyo “ 1 “ TO
TflE Oa»H STbT** will be rigidly adhered to. and in
rtO hnlan* '• will W* pa;.* rbe j :it «n! ••* the money at
oompann* Umj order. The Bill* of ail bfM-oie-paylnff
HkiJcs received «.t par All tii- noy i emitted by matt,
A dv«r fKeirtriif*
Inaorted at Omc tioi.i v.u per . ,«»*•« of twelve linos,
each tn»«. tion, ■ ’ • n. To I>ou,ails
Ad !,*■. W r 'l, K. jON!>, Ansuita, (in,
Vjy Perioni wh«. wui act a» Agent*, ;;ud obtain Hub
rttrAojr w ill b-f .mi bed *»..h th«* . aj»er at ttlab ratr».
rOK SALE
FOR SALE,
|t »JE under-‘i|rn*Mi, being de* iron* of iwwingthe State.
< otfeio a; pfivtf u ait, til hi* HEAL bo TATE »u
the town of warrHiton, Warr«m county Oa. eon.-..-tlu)fc
of » Dwelling Home, and Lot of arnrnt five ar*-enot
Laud. Ala", iiii Carriage r*hop and Tr>t, Tool*, Machine,
Lumber, and oil hi. nt<> k, together with all hi* tmisheu
uaU nnllnLhod work.
Jiroiu tittocu tu tmistj tiammnd dollar* Wurth of
work can u-«l!y b« dGp<» u«i <>f, at g»o«l prices, at inis
.taut. in twelve' montm*.
Person* willing to parebnae, .*r* riwpeotfmly invited
•'all and exj:mm* for them »elvu*.
Vosmewiion will be given nt r»uv tl*ne to suit the pur
rbaser. GEORGE L iiOSHKtt
Warr*uitf>n, Ga., June 5, Ibyb, ,ic7 wtf
FOR SALE.
I NOW oiler t* • »aJ* my cuu,u itivor PLANTATION,
!2f* or UO inii' H «oytb <d Coiniubu.*, Gil., in Harljoui
, mntv Ala., lying on th** Chattahoochee river, contain
tug *4400 acre*; li4U» .u ft tine skate of nulttvmtlon and
g>w,«l repair. Ag -oiiVV. *, Giu an . F'ciy acros* the
Ohnttahooeheamer Th a*.»,* will V formal at any
1
1 It
TO MEN OF TASTE AMO CAPITAL*
riili auoserit rr. wi liir* to remove u* b • *tttwtuU»n
Georgia
u Vann's yaTey, F; >yd comity, Oa, coutaiuiug 317
a< roe, more i*r J» returui d Ist quality oak and hickory
m<. ..ly of soil anil aorta* enot (•» wu. h , wmo IdO acres
clear, d .tnd mcT r go- d tillage ; the rcii.aiivU r s'ouerjtlnp
well ilmkTftij it lum several fwluir* of cool h! ie Lime
stotiy vrai'-r, too c«**i.-Uuit a tream*, no iitecir.c \va|ei
power without J ; nltig. on' ->1 -4 nvuy well «■ , :tcd
. wriotU mpefTiily ofapph find a large and eouuhoiH
us Ur k Dwell IR, s'uii ur-Totf by tine ccnery, and
vrithlp a mile of the \ ’lage, :oug noted fur iu educational
a* I vantage* All who have ev ashhawi the premises, eon
•nr m Uio opinio u that tlua p! -ocmuhtn** the el- laents
ofh.-adty, t o , ivou* .c aud health fuluuoH to an
citDt. ael-l m. ff ever. e<fnali- 1 In thi- «uinhv’. But
c mo and ti*ry«*>u and the character inflation
and re »uiccs of the placecag hardly fail to satisfy you
that 11 . n No." I aittie, no; übjeii to the fln< tuattos"
ttUc market. For terror. apply on the premises
W. D. COWDREY.
CnteSprirlg. jtfly 10, 18W. )yl3-wff
iy WLLTOiij MULLS 1 Oat SALE.
\F Fit* is d' * ,>a.s to u. n’t to fe'utLwe*
tein<l rpr'a he now off. 1 ' LAND
for sale. The al . *•••,. ..itnn ( ..i t.i ■ i ;.fco* h.v River,
oi:e and . -all utili.* iVota i'. vveltou, on the road lo Cum
nincr and W-shingtor —the h?i Uj; asking dally ha..; four
Hctaof riiiinnrs, two whe t *ui<l iwo corn. The Floitr
AIIU ha-just drou um*pinU-1 auuvv. Thu corn ou»tom
w M'ebrcei'd that of un ’ v«» lui'.ls on the fiver, and tliw
wheat < u«ton» will erpiul any one. The house la ho altu
at. dr.. to rm .au; m ilaud cuu luußaw and UriHt Mills in
The LandlleMn Urn cock county, alonn: tfv Opeccliee
river and Fowol'seroek. Jho Laud contama 734 &< rea.
more .*• lc *i: ! wdl e yuai ;uiy 1 ini iu the uounty in
p; ihtrlny earn, wheat, cotton or otTuo pr;dr Thuat
u-ii.ng tu hoy, will can and nee tor themselves. The
plm-elsl aitiTv aud luu: au t-x.-cllrM Weil of water in
llie yard In fiot, ne (tlftTitat on 1<; bettor *irmishod with,
good Sprmgiiot water OOhl lll’H Y. HHIV KkS
Jg
Tt 4 Fr« Chflftl
AUHTBTA AND SAVANNAH ftAILKOAL*.
\TTFNTIt»N
Northern l*. rt i here .uv i w i\mu t Adi. ■!' LLA.TB
.i I'KAMMI It'S and Six L.ue .»f F«ut sUriUr.g V •. I*,
ruuiuuK withrotfuiari’ybnd >!! pluck, hetwe-ia N h York
■
■i hi I Ha • & and
l)o4toii| luak ’ng the con unudeution i>fttw» en the N»*rth
*;rn c.itie? aud Savannah »-■- rcuahU’ for (Ji.»tTAINTY
AND SrilWl), a- that t » any oOiv r Souths, d Tort.
Thi* Hoad can axpcctoniy the bnshjcHa ot Aapunta.the
l ow as ami Counto-.. along the line < f the t4e<*rgia Hail
t >ad and those Comui®* lying to the Morth of that Hood.
Other Road* have a larger field ef©per..i’on that cannot
be uiigiovt l luevely to Uicurn *<> l;m ,M a, trade a*
that to which we mud alonn give all.our time ; and
uo competitor will beai • v i t. by .nperfor attention, to
. . . .:
ii w ith that fidelity, diap.uch and vK -numy, wTuch is sure
iliimatoly to gain and re ftlu It,
As ragT.-ds Katoi, they RhaU be as low as by any other
Kund Auduiordar to I’stcum aA.i. 4aig'i o a lunaiuium
a* rotxtr? t, r * Drij h:. .. aLio.v v u ciuoio-U
iailo at .Savaouab, and no one eonus eted with the Reeriv
lag aud Forwarding hat. auvothe uoiuost than that ol
»of log that ALL Oil AKu life ltc a* the lovru.it ra. -ja.
Rallfoad ase vhigof one onartor or one per
, ..in can bo mado la tho insurance tretweeu Northern
I*orta ft*y«S Augusta.
AU CKhvla VLEF 00 OOMMIB
feION*. Thay should be marked *‘ in ©exe oithe V. K. K
Aiieai,” Rava iuab.
Tubliihi d bv order of the RiUtn'
FKANOIfc T. Pn>«ideiit.
J;dy 1, IBs*. jy^<»
•40 REW HD.
| y ANA WAV from theaubac- i her on 4th May, a Negro
iV uuued WAfeKINCFI OS, a- oiit 45 years old,
five feet eight or nine Inch. 1; .«jL w about JOh or
\7O ihs. 11 la likely be will uakc his way to Tennessee,
e rauaway two yean- ago, and oLtycd .a Madisonvllle
Jlouroe coiui.y, Tenn©i*<?c »uui uiua mouths , aud
would lot tell who he belonged to. He has in company
With him a Nogro Man belonging lo \\ . W Suapson.
uainad F fl T». ah .tCQyae • >LI about *> fc«t d or It;
motion high, weighs about idO or 170 th e, V>?b flark om
plecnsd. TU«ywc « Un.t w*« u near Lyxiugton, »>g!o
ibivrv’® onunty, Ga., wuh ia-,cs to t-o to CT... If ihey
aie taken. Wash ngtou will rot tell btr owner If he can
help it We will pay iho above rex, nl to uey person
who will deliver them tv i.. r.r p u u . •>» ui ue edtfc
Jail so bat Wc «ti get *'. m, oi h«a. yi T for either
them A A AUiNa rON U. BjLAN 1 LEY,
w \v s> ts'on,
Oul ortou ToHts’fiico, UrucstV coi n y, Oa
Aucviiile Keviis.-xcopy fourtiauM aud forward
a os* van; to this dffle© ur j .y t mydl
_ ,2* 'ifeWZ hO,
IYVTf.L pay the a »ov» suvai n *'•>•• app. vhea-ion and
'..'shfu ent To -nii of ary K - HA THY ‘ .onlfi he
betaken .it a die lance from Augusta, anu the persot.
t.ik ( iv< l ua cli o«o u bring dimiu»ims 1 wiu pay. in au
dition to the A-.'5, all .he arceaaary 'Ufecdlng
hi- tehvery. Harry <MarUa) :s a di .»-rato 8-ick-layerand
plasterer, about dc y« araat age, black CompiexA.m, erect,
aud woigli* nrobab’y It’S pi u h i> Is r big abput the
country woikmg v>n hi* own tcootval w.thcu, any an
thority. He ilwuhtless uaa a ticket, lie Ciahus a
wife *t Mr Orekiw i aoeu feumlcrEvir.c, and ouc also at
Gov Schley * Factory. I have heard «>f hw being in
Bui ke. Jofiorsvn and Waub ngtwi >u itk an * also over
u Carolina. All jh f.'fc are horeby caut.om a against
ompu<yingsaid boy. or any of my oiber mechanic*, with
out pemnstfi- u trum u»e or my Agonfc
myVP wvi JOHN 11. FIT TEN. Ga.
’ 4,377,000 FEET c*F LUMBER!
IS Ij to certify that th° Athens Steam Lompanv
1 ( uUtfrr ns aCIROULAR S.aW MILL, >n which
xs c have sawed Amr xmiliou eigO' hnadivd and seveniy
•e\ on thv 'and feet < f L‘. . ~h*i . boa. i uu. u/o, ui it
mou'hs, er al>.nit te i tho’i -aod fc-t pc. day. Wo really
*%v- ,-d Drum eleven to tw ive Uunu-aad hot |m*<- day. for
the |tiU hai >tauuuig, ir. the above
lime, ;wo months fur vrsnt oi log.- and vcva>u-i»al re
%a*i> xc. \\ ,tr Ul4 .oveni,-.n . wc.k duo. and no ad-
'e meir use on a ; >ur Mu.s
rtMpectf.ilh Wapui A Ratpard.
77 >! i> Fust, C K R.. Feb*y !*, lcs.'S
iL ok ,£ muMWv*vary to add eerttficatee We will
bufid the same CIRCI LAK SAW MILLB. cast
lu one puku,/ w.’ta .uvinovcd H« ae lihn w a** J Carriage
l tear in* teordifi *ther with Moam ENGINES and
HtuV.Eßfe. Fialstoß«* SHAFT IMG, Mining hod Mill
I* Ai’HiYKkV, TUMPS. Ac iron and CAST
iNGS. fevory c VTr(u.|Ll Lou Week. FIN
1 SUING aud'H ETA HUNG promptly * vecnitHl We
warrant ah oar work. Utu Fi\*unng and other MILL
TAT i fl\N v . w.:h iTNOTNC H.VI.l'f'NY FANCY
R AILING. Ac . aie th» acc«i».n>ai n efyear^
For sale low, we - Horae ENvIIXE . one Twelve
Hors© *ecjnd LNi> tNE
Addrt»* HETBEN NFOMIWON. Agent.
Ash-ms Su*aui C oui,**ay. Atbons, Ga.
cCISI-wfim
S3O HEWARIL
1> WAW IY, ftvm the subscriber, rc-ldfng ?c Tu;-
IV namc»»?intv. iioar Me* Im. iu Auguet U- uvv Negro
Mu. FRANK- ‘He ;*»-v>ut ..u 1. • . tee-: t*u in
obe* k*gU. of medium *i»v. ha-* a Might impuouneni mk.s
*i»eoe4i. aud has lost ;bc 'igM ot one eye. He was raised
iu Virginia, and ha» b* >u n: GiK*«ifis about two years
The above-reward w!li be uaidlbr hla delivery to me.
or a* aur jail *0 that 1 ©an get hici.
JOHN A KARRIfe
The Southern Re rdiu' wII i »*li ft>rbi<i. and for
w ar J account to ’his dfice foT , *
jao jts w abd
XWILL pay the above reward ior the apprehension
and delivery ;o me, m the lodgeuieut in any sate Jati
.a (W igia or Scuth C’a .ina n- :bat I car.gv: r.uu, v>f a
%cg>4 Man named WILITAM He is a Shoe and B<xm
Maa>f; ucu ippied ui his ngm is aGitit 5 feel 4or 6
in-bo.'. ..igh . 'tauUA.v; .n .a-auag . ot*lark comj teaion,
can read aud write, and may have a pa*s ofhts own
writing H • fathor Urea r 9 Ora»rebnnr aud his m- ther
at Shell Bind. I y.n'.a«n u tutu t m Green A iW,k-uo
bark. JOHN F. SUTTON
ar. e wtf Ga
aoodstawcsks. uaum. G« : "
I'HK l M>fißsl(;M^i»,' L *,.«,p j j
teMin M ACIHXK SHOPS. K)I’NOR¥*u<)CAB
SHOP, wiitiil tl» Bn..a«; Ui.- sam«,Jiere
-vtfore belonging t the ku vb s* ‘Augusta
Machine W rkjs.’ are now
ikjrC ASTINGfe MILL GHARING, GIN BEARING,
MINING MACHINERY, STEAM ENGINES aud
Bon.hHK. SAW MILT/N e- mplete; SHAFTING aud
PCLLEk> RALJ-KOAJD t. YlL< and IK<>XS. STEAM
BOAT MACHINERY and every description of w rk
nswtiy made in fr-n-class M. hm Mu. pa. of fro a Br sc
or Wood. Ordure wr work, net contracted for,
must b«j aecompanurfl with cash deposit of 50 per cent
on the supposed value of the w<wk ordered and the re*
auaindor paid ou delivery ot the wirk. Addressa*i let*
• era onbacuieectv L. A CO.
„ PROPRtFTORH:
HDRIH CfMMIXG ] GKO W SrmiFRS.
p’ASiIOV AI I R-iRKKTY HaRKU,
cp3o-dfcwf>m Lamkkx h HoeniKb.
NOTICE.
H’HK offers to sell, rent or lease.
X the wjml kn wn LOL IfeYILLE IHJTLLIb
ville. tJ-a. The iletcl can be had the first day of Jar.
nary. id5T,-eithei bv pureba. 0, rent or Inane, upou very
liberat n rma. Appiy t,
C ARKVYFT.U LoulKvflle, Ga.
FRACTICF OT bUECiEBY .
DR. JTHIAH UAiatiisw U proparod w accom
tr.odatc with L*»*lglng« and Nurciag, patlorts as
may Jfc directed to hloi fcr Sarghal opcratlcmfe or treat
sueal Masters may be aaaoreo that their Servant* will
are every neceesary attention nay7*wly
w 4:
vL r l)nraidf Sentinel.
o
I’m browins Old.
The beautiful stanzas firet appeared in
the Andover Advertiser, and were written, as we
happen U/ know, by a lady of New York city. How
ever It may be with the frai! physical frame, the
heart, we are sure, that grubes out in these lines can
never “jrrow old.’"
I'm tfrowin*roM—tis surely so;
And yet how *hort it leenu,
•Smce 1 wai but a *p<»rtive child,
Fnjo> iDfj chiidifcb dream* f
i can no*, aee the chanir*; that comes
With *neb an even j>ace ;
I nnu-k not when th< wrinkles fall
L'pun my fading face.
I kn<sw I ni old . and yet my heaiT
Is just a* you life and %ay
A fc eer it was before my lock#
Os bright ijr-wm turned to gray.
I know these eye* to other eves
i/ook. not »o bi .ght and gla<?
A* once they io./k*d ; and yet ti not
Because my heart's more sad.
I never watched with purer joy
The ib*atixtg clouds and glowing skies,
While glistening tears of rapture till
These old and fading eyes
And when I mark the cheek, where once
The bright rose u*ed to glow ,
It grieve.N roe not to see instead
T be almond crown my brow.
I’ve seen the flow er grow old and pale.
And withered more than I;
I've <een*it lose it* every charm.
Then droop aw ay and die.
And then J ve seen it rise again,
Bright as the beaming sky,
And young and pure and beautiful—
And felt that so shall I.
Then what »f I am grow ing old—
My neart is changeless still.
And God ha-: given me enough
This loving heart to fill.
I love to see the sun go down,
And lengthening shadows throw
Along the ground, while o’er my head
Th< clouds in crimson glow.
I -ce. beyond those gorgeou- clouds,
A country blight and fair,
Which need* no sun : God and the Lamb
Jts light and beauty are.
1 seem to hear the w ondrous along
Redeemed sinner* sing ;
Amt my heart lwap to join the throng
To praise the Heavenly King.
1 MOv.in to see three cherub boys:,
Ah hand in hand they go,
With golden e.nrls aud snowy wings.
Whose eye* with rapture glow.
When l was young I called them mine—-
Now Heaven * sweet ones are they :
But I Nhall claim my own again,
When i atu called away. i
Perhaps, when Hcave.n'sbrigbt gate I’ve passed.
They’ll know from every other,
The one who gave them back to God.
And hast' to rail me mother.
O ! I ain glad I’m growing old !
For every day I spend,
.Snail bring me one day nearer that
Br'ght day that has no end.
l onimerce of New York.
We have compiled our usual taoles, Bhowing the
total foreign import* and export* at thi« port
throughout the year.
The import* gs foreign good* and merchandise
for I S.*4j amounted to being $55,091),-
*ll in excels of the total for 1855, $32,185,177 in
exee»H of 1854, and $19,458,997 in excess of the to
tal for 1853,-which was the largest previous total
on record We annex a brief summary, showing
>it a glance the total imports at sew York tor each
of the last seven years :
lent. I Dutiable j Goo<!*. j Specie. | Total.
iv-...., + *r:.tf4 < i,ZF>, + 10,127,'tf‘ij 5k1i^i,706,942
• ..•I . lil>,s;LU')il( U.71H,771 2.04H..W3 131,361,570
r ~... 1 >5.336.t s<j 1 2.J0S 3 U\ 2.■408,225 J2i1.840.G19
1853... !79/)12.4i?l 12.1Ni.387 Z'WB3 194.097,062
-34. • 163,464,934: 13.708 910' 2,107.5721 181,371,472
1
1856 193.858.646! 17.!M>2.578| 1,814,42 r >| 213.556.649
Under the head nl dutiable we have included
above both the dutiable entered directly for con
. uuiptioi. and tho goods thrown inlo the bonded
warehouses.
The total exports for 1856. exclusive of specie, are
$ 11,320,968 greater than lor 1855, and $19,159,849
greater than for 1854 ; and arc in fact in exces& of
any previous year upon our record. We annex a
d*-trilled statement showing the exports of domestic
produce during each moiifli of the last three years :
Doomestic Produce,
i Mtf. j ÜBS. J IH5#5.
.January
February
March
April
VI ay
June
.My
August.
September
O. tub. r
November
L)'-c.nuber
Total '
I $4,990,7871
-3,154,264 j
j 4.807,8331
I 4,349,944
j 5,071,890
I 3,950,706!
3,980,757 i
| 4,281,181
i 5,228,6371
1 6,614,146
| 8,344 333
8,819,997
.' $5,304,203 j
5,400,924 j
. | 5,502,8101
.j 4,578,693)
1,427
~ 4,526,3831
. 3,708,161’
4.487,019’
3,77*2,124 j
4,672,017
4,060,0071
4,904,554
57,462,4221 63,586,775179,254,195
We also present our usual monthly summary of
the exports of specie from New' York to foreign
ports
*j
Mav*
Jvu.l
V UK-1
A 1855.
, 2,123.708
3,290,697
3,313,447
I 3,862,396
2.923,324
2,609,398
1,831,684
1,188,100
1,011,900
986.535
! 27.625,740
1054. |,
$ 1,846,6821
i 579.7241
i 1,466.127
. .4.474,525
r 3,651.626 1
! 5.168. l«3 i
* 2,022,452
1 4,546,320
i 6,547,104
> 3.369,398
> 3,338,001
I 68.264
5 37.169,4061
: 1853.
*8747.079
1 1.121,920
I 592.479
767,065
' 2.162.467
j 264.282
’j 5,924,612
ij 1.193.073
• I 1,24-1.191
I 4.757.972
II 3,865.775
Ij 3,131,a5l
>| 26.753.356
i ibs2 i
v*2,m»68l
’ 3.551,543
I H11,994j
! 206,266
‘ l.rjr.H&T
| 2,971,499
.( 2.93,5 3S»i
l -. 122,4661
1 2,452,361!
*j 860.8131
. , 1,-U*i,3o3|
, 25.096,255;
| Oondtinxrd ft am the Journal of Commerce.
Senator (’rittknden.—The Washington cones
pondent of the Charleston Courier gives the follow
ing pen and ink sketch of this distinguished gentle
man. at this time decidedly the first mau in the Sen
ate;
This gentleman at his desk, with a copy of the
Herald fa journal little readhere, except by the vic
tims of its sanguinary articles) before him, has an
air of calm, gentlemanly eu.se, which is evidently
the result of habitual iutercourse with the most cul
tivated society. His face is inelegant, but keen and
speaking, giving an ideaof decision, promptness and
uu.utal power. He is evidently not. one of those
who every six years are transmitted from their State
to the Senate chamber, to pillow themselves upon a
splendid sine cure, rehearse an annual speech, and
..uYing oecepled the destined number of invitations
foUinuers aud receptions, await the warrant of a
h gislator’s vote to terminate their political exis
tence. He is made of “ sterner stuff”—his material
is not soluble by a legislative vote. As a Senato
rial orator, he ?s incontestibly the greatest in the
S nate, and uuiveisally and powerfully commands
the attention of them both. The plainest subject in
ins hands assumes a loftiness and power which ele
vates the minds of his hewers, much as it con
vim es their reasou. As it was said of Michael An
gelo. that everv touch of his chisel was life, and that
in- struck out features aud forme from the marble
with the power of a creator—this gentleman’s mas
tery of high conceptions is so innate, that he in
vests every topic with a sudden magnitude, which
gives the most casual thiugs a commanding inter
est. to the popular eye.
We enjoyed the privilege of hearing the distin
guished man (Mr. Crittenden, of Kentucky,) speak
< uthe melancholy announcement of Mr. Clayton’s
death, and his speech was not long or loud, or vehe
ue: i ; ii was a calm, manly, discriminating eulogy,
fit to be spoken by a great man over the corpse of a
great mau, aud delivered in a voice which trembled
under the sorrow of the occasion, and his very tones
uvolved in them a world ot deep feelings.
lu teuderueus of patLoe. beauty of luuguage, and
xquisite moral applic&tiou—it might serve as a
model.
From the Tim r«, Dec. 12.
New Translation of the Scrittures.—The
second of a series of lectures, illustrating the neces
?dty for a rev sion of the authorized Bible, wasjriv
en yesterday evening, at St. Martin s Hall, by Mr.
\Y A. Black Mr. Hey wood, M. P., was in the
chair.
The lecturer began by contending that the author
ized version had u t given satisfaction, and proved
his assertion by citing the number of emendators
aud commentators that had appeared since its pub
lication. In 1731, Dr. Blackmail published uuuie
rous instances of mis translation; some were injuri
ous to 4he seuse and frequently to the style ; but
this writer admitted that, mthe main, the authorized
translation was faithful, solid and clear. In 1754,
Jolm Wesley admitted the general excellence of the
authorized version, but said that in nmny instances
it might have beeu made better. In 1758’ Dr. Louth
pointed out ui&uy inaccuracies, so that the call for
revision was my no means a novelty in biblical lite
rature
Having cited a number of instances in which
scholars had found fault with the King's Bible, and
pu* listed translations of their own, the lecture! pro
ceeded to classify the various translations that liad
beeu attempted into servile, tree, paraphrastic and
emendatory. aud pointed out how some of them
were taken from the original Hebrew, some from
the Siriae, and some from the Septuagint. By a
careful comparison and revision of these t ran sin
uous and of the various originals from which they
were sfcen. our pre*eut version might be very
much unproved, as it was a curious tact that n.auy
abrupt gaps that occurred in the English version
*4ig i be supplied from the Siriae, which had no
doubt been lakeu from an original since lost. Many
excellent translations of particular books had been
made in which the variation from the authorized
version was remarkable, and one of the best, a trans
lation of the Book of Job. was made by a lady. Mrs.
Smith, and was published in 1811
Haviug quoted numerous instances and extracts
ux>ui tbt* works of eminent divines, the lecturer ton
a-nded generally that in the authorized version the
character of the* Bible had not beeu sufficiently at
tended to, or due distiuctiou made between the'nar
rative, poetic and dramatic portions. A proper aud
careful revision, keeping this in view, would make
; he Bible not only a good, but a favorite bock. The
oai. ior a revised tranriatiou was no empirical erv.
ueither was it a sectarian agitation. Jews. Roman
Catholics. Episcopalians, Dissenters and Unitarians,
had all. by the voices ot their most learned men, pro
nounced the present umisiaiion to be imperfect, and
all joined in the call for reviaon. The last authority
which he should quote was a most unexceptionable
,»ne —that of Mr Newcombs, Bishop of Waterford,
who had in 1792 strongly urged the necessity of a
atw .raiisiatiou. The lecture concluded with an enu
meration ot the Fules which Dr. Xewcombe laid down
for the production of & proper and reliable transla
tion of the Holy Script ur«6.
Me. Stephens and Kansas. —Now that the elee
:k>u is over, aud no further party capital can be
made out of the cry that Kansas will and must be a
slave State, we find the Southern Democracy back
ing dawn, aud admitting that it is obliged to be a
frtt. State. Such was the declaration a day or two
»go of Mr. Stephens of Georgia, one of the most dis
tinguished uud zealous supporters of Buchanan in
the recent canvass. He proclaimed abroad, that
iheae was no *>arthiy probaoiKty of Kansas becom
iug a slave State, because, as he said, “the laws of
<*mna A 2, Drodm-iioD, and population would prevent
it.' And thua alter all the excitement ana agita
r un of the last three years, the Democracy of the
Sou* a mean to surrender Kansas to tip; Free Soil
el's ! The poor South has been again deluded—hom-
swindled. There is now no help for her—
?4ie has Kanaa*. and is compensated u>r it bv the
cl©r*.>oa of a squatter sovereignty President.—liich
rntmti Whifr.
Steamer Georgia in the Ice.—A telegraphic
dispatch trom the purser of the steamship State of
Georgia, dated Philadelphia. January 15, to the
agent in this city, states that vessel was fast in the
ice at Hed Bank, about 8 miles below that place.
No damage was experienced otter than a disagree
able detention.— Ch. Courier
Prom tke SoUimore American.
I.ienr. Maury’* Y/eeture Before the Mary
land Institute.
I “THE PXTHS ASD DEPTHS OF THE SEA.
j Lieut. Maury, the distinguished Superintendent
j of the United States Observatory at Washing ton.
I delivered an interesting lecture on “the Path? and
Depths of the Sea,*' with especial reference to the
practicability of connecting the shores of the Old
and New World bv a sub marine telegraph, before
the Maryland Institute la*' night. A large and in
terested audience was in attendance, and derived
the highest gratification from the interesting tacts
stated and the graphic illustrations used by the lec
turer in the development of his subject.
The lecturer was introduced by Wm. 11. loung.
Eso.. Chairman of the Committee on Lectures, who
at the same time announced that the lecture on
next TueSiav evening will be delivered by Prof.
IS A. Gould, if Cambridge, on the “Theory of Pro
babilities ’ After the applause with which be was
received bad ceased, he proceeded with there
marks the substance of whicn is given below.
The path* of the sea arc very much the work of
chance and circumstances. When gold was first
<iiscovered in California, and the tide of population
began to pour from the East tn the \\ cst, our ves
sels sailed all tLe way round Cape Horn; they were
then upwards of one hundred and fifty-eight days
on their passage. Tliey sailed through new seas
and by a course as yet little known bo navigation ;
but becoming acquainted with the winds and seas
they made the passage in oue hundred and twenty
days. So it was with Columbus; he sailed to the
south and west, skirting his way along till he reach
ed this continent, and that route was continued up
to our declaration of independence. By that route
Charleston was the half-way house between us and
the Old World—our commerce flowed through
South Carolina. The Carolina? were the chief com
mercial colonies; their exports were greater than
the exports of all New England. Columbus left
Spaiu and stood southward till he met the northwest
trade winds, and wafted westward by them he
reached our shore. In 1775 Dr. Franklin crossed
the Ocean to England, and during that voyage dis
covered the difference of the temperature between
the Gulf Streuin and the surrounding sea. 11c con
sidered it of great importance, and would not, there
fore, make it known, but kc*p» it for political pur
poses. The influence of this stream had often been
felt, but its nature had never before been known.—
When Cortez came from Mexico, he put himself
upon the Gulf Stream uud upon its current floated
hw ship out of the Gulf to the open sea. But the
temperature of the Stream had never been known
before it wasdiscovered.by Dr. Franklin. The dis
covery was considered of great importance, for at
that time the tables by which latitude and longitude
were reckoned were very incorrect.
A very large reward was offered by the British
government ior some correct and simple method ol
calculating the position of a ship at sea. This
stream, which stretched aloug our coast like a bor
dering band of ribbon, would tell the navigator
that he was approaching the shore of a new hemis
phere ; and so, when outward bound, as he passed
beyond it it would inform him that he was far from
shore upon the broad Atlantic. The lecturer here
traced the course of the Gulf stream on the map,
saying, the stream is so distinctly marked that the
very line of its extent can be pointed out. Some
times you can see half of yourship lying in the Gulf
stream and half without. In comparing the paths
of the sea used by the former age to the paths now
used we should not forget the difficulty they had to
contend with then. Their ships were very clumsy
and could not be well navigated or directed. Such
a thing as a burometer had never been conceived of
—now we are able to tell when a storm is coming
on, though it is yet a long way off. by the use of
delicate feeler of the atmosphere, which not
only forewarns the mariner of its approach, but fre
quently tells him whence it comes and at how rapid
a speed, thus enabling him oftentimes to get away
from it /Entirely. Oue discovery, oue invention, be
gets another, and none is begotten before it is
wauled. Sea steamers would have been of no use
in those times, when so little was known about nav
igation ; but as soon a» a correct system of caleula
tiou was established then the smoke of the steamers
were seen upon the sea. Indeed vessels used to
get so far out of the way as not to know whether
they were in the Atlmtic or Pacific Ocean. I have
a well authenticated history where a vessel, having
sailed a long time aud been driven about by high
winds, the captain thought she had reached the Pa
cific Ooean, aud so turned north. The next day lie
met another ship and asked where he was. The
answer was. “ If you keep south for a day you will
reach Cape Horn.” (Laughter.) Columbus sailed
from Spain in the month of August; if lie had at
tempted it in winter he would not have discovered
America—for iustead of finding the trade winds to
help him westward he would have found a Sirong
northwesterly wind. With that wind in large ships
he never would have arrived here jn January. In
deed on returning in that mouth he was almost ship
wrecked. The vessels that went west, and those
that went east both kept their own reckoning, and
religiously noted their Sabbaths; but on meeting
and comparing they found that paradox two Sun
days coming together.
The Soc.ety Islands receive their reckoning from
Cape Horn and the Sandwich Island# from the
east of Asia; so the snip in passing from one to
the other must either hitch back their time one day
or hitch ifc up a day. If we had a telegraph line
stretched from Manilla to California, thence to this
city, and another to India by the Persian Gulf—the
Atlantic line being also completed—then if you
should send a telegraph message to a correspondent
in Manilla by the California aud Pacific line, and
another to your friend in China by the Atlantic line,
and requestthem to inform you of the exact time
at which they receive them—suppose you send the
message at 12 M , on Monday—and your friend in
Chiua will answer, ‘‘l received your instructions
twelve houm after date, or at midnight on Monday, ’
but your correspondent at Manilla wiil reply, “I
received your message tw r elve hours belore the
the date, that is at twelveo clock on Sunday night.”
It is to be hoped the third attempt of the Flench go
veranment to lay their lines of telegraph in the Medi
terranean will be successful. W hen that and the
Atluntic line are completed we will have the han
piness of witnessing the three old continents in con
versation with the new. The mariner, as he reaches
the trade winds, finds himself wafted along by air
the softest, sweetest, purest in the world , there is
no sky more delicious, no heavens more beautiful.
In the Pacific ocean the trade winds are the finest
—they are perfectly developed—there is nothing to
change or defect them, an open boat might float
upon them as easily aud safely as upon a sunny ri
ver’s placid bosom. The breeze is just sufficient to
keep tlie sails filled ; it is constant, and never rises
or falls-uddeuly—a'gale is unknown. Os all the
lovely scenes one meets with at sea, the most en
chanting are among the islands in the South Pacific,
along the course of the trade winds. There sky,
earth and air combine their spleudors in such a har
monious whole as doubly to delight the mind and
raise the heart aloft in admiration.
The land and sea breezes are other character
istics of the sea. At Valparaiso, in the summer af
ternoons, there is always a strong gale blowing
from the sea, the waves raise snd beat against the
shore, the ships drag their anchor, the promenading
in the streets is stopped and nearly every out-door
pursuit prevented. Suddenly there is a great calm
—the fishermen launch their little boats upon the
tide, which a moment before was angrily learning
and breaking againt the shore, but now as calm as
if it had never known a storm. The weather in
vites abroad, the ladies promenade the streets in
ball costume, for now there is not wind enough to
disturb the slightest curl, and all this change is so
sudden 1 hat one cannot realize it. Presently, when
the short twilight has scarcely passed, tho stars
stand out, as if held by invisible fingers, the
steilations are fixed in their places, and there ix
beauty unsurpassed. Alone m the night watch, af
ter the sea breeze has sunk to rest. I have stood up
on the deck gazing admiringly upon those stars
which shine with a lustre unknown to this lati
tude. The sky looks solid, like a vault of steel set
with diamonds; you fear to speak, lest the slightest
noise shall disturb the deep profound. Glancing the
eye above and around, you are dazzled with the
firmament; the moon and stars stand out and do
not seem to touch the vault. But at the same time
the wes.eru sky is beautiful, fjrion is there, and
just about to go down and sup with hi# brother.—
The constellations of stars seem like holes torn in
the robe of night, through which the astronomers
Eeer into the deep beyond. Ne one who has never
eheld these slues can have any idea of their mag
nificence, grandeur and beauty.
But let us pass from the deep above to the deep
below. The lead is let down to the bottom of the
sea, and it is curious to see the work that is going
on there. Beautiful coral islands are built up there.
perhaps a part of one, if we could dissect it. woulu
be fouud to have come down the Mississippi, from
the Rocky Mountains, or to have been borne upon
the bosom of the great Amazon, from the tropics of
South America ; or, indeed, parts in that island may
have come h\ m every part of the world, by routes
which if we could trace them, would seem wonder
fully long and strauge. In the cell wdiich one of
those litSe animalculi has built for itself we should
recognize a part of the Table Rock from Niagara,
and sand from the Holy Mountains. It may contain
matter from the Euphrates, from the sunny plains
of Southern Europe, from the battle fields of the
Danube and the Nile, or from the soil of classic
Italy. We know all this, because mariners have
told us of the islands these cora’s have built up
they seem to have been at work in the sea ever since
the waters were gathered together in one place
and looking at the work they have done, the is
lands that have been built up. we have a proof of
their eternal diligence and perseverance. It ap
pears that we had no idea of the operations that
were carried on in the depths of the sea till we be
gan to explore it with lead and line, and now it
seems a great charnel-house. Everybody who has
stood upon the shore of the sea has' desired to fly
away upou its waves and learn what there is be
yond it, or, if possible, to dive below, aud learn
what there is beneath it.
Until recently, all was conjecture about the
depth and formation of the bottom of the sea ; it
was supposed that it might be as deep as a moun
tain is nigh, but as to the character of the bottom,
they left that to poets’ brains to picture. Some
supposed it was scattered over with gold. gems,
auehore. dead men’s bones, &c., but Br<Hike’s lead
teaches a difl’erent story, it shows that all such things
are covered up and buried deep down many feet
by shells and animaculi. Every where this admi
rable sounding apparatus of Brooke's has been it
has brought up shells and the carcasses of the dead.
A siDgle quill may bring up thousands—nay millions
of these shells; they are so sma’l that it requires the
minutest microscope to discover them; they cannot
be seen wben alive. The bottom of the deep is cov
ered over with their carcasses they have obeyed
the commandment which was given on tke ofth
dav , * Multiply aud bring forth abundantiy.” Nev
er before now does history give an account of any
attempts being made to measure the depths of the
sea. chance circumstances caused me to attempt
it, aud thinking it might result in good. I continued
the attempt. Congress then passed an act direct
ing the Secretary of the Navy to set apart and di
reel one vessel to continue these soundings for the
purpose of assisting in perfecting these discoveries
and also to allow the whole navy to assist in making
the investigation in so far as they could without in
terfering with their proper duties. In order to get
at the bottom of the sea they got some common
twine and tied a thirty-two pound ball to it; then
letting it down into the sea tuey waited to see how
much line would run out, and considered the length
of that line measured the depth of the sea at that
point. The twine and ball were left in the sea.
As soon as the deep sea soundings were commen
ced. we found we were in a new field ; we found
that system would not do experiment showed us
that when the cannon bail was at the bottom ; the
twine continued to run out, and that the larger |tne
ball the slower the twine would run. The ouikulty
of getting it down was not because of the increased
density of the water, since that can only be com
pressed very slightly, but because that’ when the
cannon ball had gone down & mile, it had to drag a
mile of twine after it. Then we used the same kind
of twine and the same w ight of ball for every ex
periment, but we found sometimes that the twine
would never run out. A vessel one day was sent
out to take soundings, or measure the depth of the
sea at a particular spot, they began at sunrise, and,
as the captain was a very patient man, they stayed
there till sunset, the twine still running out, so they
came back and said they guessed was no bot
tom there. [Laughter ] This was before we discov
ered the under currents. By the use of proper leads
we now know the structure of the bottom of tbe
sea along the north Pacific, as well as along the At
iantic. The most peculiar thing in the North Allan
tic is a ridge from Newfoundland to England, winch
is called the telegraphic plateau. The deepest point
along that route is about two nines.
Having learned this, we must next gel some plan
to prove to the people that we had reached the bot
tom of the sea and knew its composition and geo
graphy. We tried to bring up the shot to which
the twine was fastened, but the twine was not
strong enough, and if we used a larger one it was
too heavy for the shot to carry down. Hence we
I $5,257,686
II 5,408,990
11 8,044,122
I 5,229,436
l 5,563,205
»! 8,273,454
•, 0,901,272
5,612,628
rj 7.045,202
> 0,129,837
1 7,541,595
i 8,246,568
1056.
$104,834
1,204,343
2,584,396
3JKI,SM
a.812,R60
5,278,126
:>. 2)
3,738.547
1,966,660
2,955.839
1,779,101
37.218.706
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 28. 1857.
have the invention ol Brooke s excellent apparatus.
(Lieutenant Maury here presented a sample- of i*
aud explained it to the auaienee.) The shot is hol
low. with a long reed running through it ; there a:e
quiilain this reed; now, the shot is left at the bot
tom, bat the quills and reed are drawn up. The ap
paratus is so arranged that the moment the end of
the reed—which extends six or eight inches beyond
the bah—touches the bottom, the shot fails off and
the rest can be easily drawn ep. Provided with
these instruments and facilities, a ship was sent out
to the ocean to take soundings, and it discovered
better than gems and pearls at the bottom of the
sea —it discovered the telegraphic plateau which is
to unite the Old and New World. The qu’rtis on
coming up contained skeletons of sea insects of mi
croscopic minuteness; these w ere sent to West
Point, and examined by Professor
Bailey. The specimens from the calm sea, from
the Gulf of Mexico, from the Gulf Stream, all evi-'
dentiy consist of one family and are of one kind.
When Professor Bailey examined the matter
brought from the telegraph plateau, he found vol
canic cinders in it. We could not account for it *at
tiist; we knew ffiat the volcanoes of South Ameri
ca had cast their cinders as far as Cuba; but il
they came from that source we would have found
them in the Gulf Stream ; so it was useless to look
there for an explanation.
It was next suggested that these cinders lying
just along the track ol tbe European steamers might
be the aches trom those boats ; so Professor Bailey
toid me to get him some cinders from the ashpit of
the Baltic and Pacific. After giving them a careful
and critical examination, he established the gratify
ing fact that steamboats are not volcanoes. [Laugh
ter.] The source of these cinders still remains a
mystery; but they show that the matter there lies
os soft as down at the bottom of the deep sea There
is no motion nor disturbing force there. Indeed,
these soundings suggest the idea that the sea, like
the snow ( loud with its flakes in a calm, is always
letting fall upon its bed showers of microscopic
shells ; and we may readily imagine that the “sun
less wrecks.’ which strew its bottom arc in the pro
cess of ages hid under this fleecy covering, present
ing tbe rounded appe&rauce which is seen over the
body of the traveller who has perished in the snow
storm. The ocean, especially within and near the
tropics swarms with life. Toe remains of its myri
ads of moving things are conveyed by currents and
scattered aud lodged in the course of’time all over
its bottom. This process, continued for ages, lias
covered the depths of the ocean as with a mantle,
consisting of organisms as delicate as the immacu
late frost, uud as light as the undrifted snow flakes
on the mountain. Wherever this beautiful sounding
rod has reached the bottom of the deep sea, whether
in the Atlantic aud Pacific, the bed or the ocean has
been found of a downlike softness. The lead ap
pears to sink manv feet deep into the oozy matter
there, wlibh has been strained aud filtered through
the sea water. This matter consists of the skeletons
and casta of insects of the sea of microscopic mi
nuteness.
The currents do not reach down to the bottom of
the deep sea ; there are no abrading agents at work
there, save alone the gnawing tooth of time; a rope
of sand it stretched upon the bed of the ocean would
be a cable strong enough to hold the longest tele
graph wire that art can draw. At the bottom of
tbe sea there is a protecting cushion of still water.
We have had soundings in the Gulf Streams, and
everything at the bottom there is ns still as the
grave. If the stream, with its current of lour miles
an hour, reached the bottom of the sea it would have
torn up or worn through the surface of the earth,
and we would have gone down to the molten inte
rior. We see in the Table Rock, at Niagara, what
h small stream constantly wearing away will do
The notion has prevailed that a telegraphic cabel
must be of great strength to resist and withstand
the forces of the sea. Whereupon the conducting
wire, after teing coated to insulation with gufcta
purcha, was encased in a wire hawser or cable stout
enough to hold the largest “seventy-four” to her
anchors. These cables were very expensive in their
manufacture, bulky for stowage, uuwieldly for
handling, and difficult to lay. It was such a wire
laid cable that the Telegraph Company lost in the
laying between Newfoundland and Cape Breton, in
1855 ; and it is such a one—wire laid, stiff’and larger
than a man’s arm—that the French have twice
attempted to lay in the Mediterranean, and twice
lost.
But now we have learned that all the obstacles
interposed by the sea to the laying o. submarine
telegraphs lie between the surface and the depth of
a few hundred fathoms below; aud that these are
not to be mastered by lorce nor pvercome by the
tensile strength of wire drawn ropes, but, with a
little artifice, they would yield to a mere thread.—
Therefore, it may now be considered as a settled
principle in submarine telegraphy that the true
character of a cable for the deep sea is not that ol
an iron rope as large as a man’s arm, but a single
copper wire, or faside of wires, coated with gutta
percha, pliant and supple, and not larger than a la
dy’s linger. A eompuny, composed of Englishmen
and Americans are now at work on the sulmiarine-
Atlantic telegraph, add I hope and believe that be
fore this time next year it will be in successful ope
ration. The first telegraph that was ever laid down
under w’ater w*asacross the East River, New York,
from tha Merchants' Exchange to the signal station
on the other side. But then there was no such thing
as gutta percha known in commerce. Itw’as laid
dow'n surrounded with a leaden tube, but the mo
tion of the water wore it off’in six months. After
the discovery of gutta percha we learned the very
beautiful process of insulating wires in it. Iron
wires have been used to surround the gutta percha,
but tliey are unnecessary, except near the shore or
in shallow water. May the submarine Atlantic
telegraph be quickly completed, aud let the first
message which Hashes across the wires read thus :
“The people of the United States, in Congress as
sembled, to the Princes, Potentates and Powers of
the Old World, send greeting : peace and good will
to all nations in the world; free intercourse and
commerce with ull people.”
Statuary for the Capitol.—A correspondent
of the New York Commercial Advertiser at Rome
gives a description of the statuary in Crawford’s
studio designed for the Capitol at Washington
and for private citizens. The statue of “America,”
to be placed in the lofty done, is thus described:
“The figure is twenty feet high, and stands with
the right hand resting on a sheathed sword, ai d the
left on the shield of our country. On the breast are
the initials of the United States, and a delicate dra
pery is so arranged as t o form rays of light proceed
ing from the letters. The ample folds of an outer
drapei y fall majestically around the Statue, leaving
only the hands and a portion of the neck uncovered.
For the usual cap the artist has substituted a hel
met, the crest of which is an eagle's head, with a
richly falling plume of feathers. The countenance
is wouclrously beautiful, full of dignity and lofty pur
pose, earnestly and thoughtfully looking out into the
great future.
“The statue of an ‘lndian,’ intended for the east
ern pediment, is a nude figure, expressive of pro
found grief for the death of liis nation. The anato
my and pose of the figure are admirable; but the
great speechless woe that bows the head upon an
open palm, while the other hand is clenched in ago
ny, is a triumph of art. The Indian woman, too,
bending over the child calmly resting on her bosom,
while before her lie the lonely graves of her race—
those graves besides which in hpr only place of rest
—is a sad sweet poem, and a touchi’ig embodiment'
of a woman’s aud a mother's grief.
“Suveral bas reliefs for the bronze doors oi the
Capitol, representing national events, are to be cast
at the Munich foundries.”
Finances of Massachusetts.—The Boston Ad
vertiser says:—We give in this morning's paper
the substance of the State Auditor’s report, which
was submitted to the Legislature yesterday:
The ordinary income for the year 1856, exclusive of
the State tax, was $743,9*31
Add State tax... „ 600,000
$1,343,924
The ordinary expenditures for the year were. 1,335,0! h >
Surplus $8,825
As the accounts are presented, there appears a
small deficit instead of this surplus, because $71,-
216 of the tax of 1856 has not yet b en received into
the treasury, and this sum is $15,242 larger than
the $55,974 of the tax of 1855, which was received
in 1856.
The estimated ordinary expenditures for the year
1857 are * $1,288,710
Estimated ordinary receipts exclusive of
State tax.. 767,716
$520,994
Accordingly if a State tax be levied for $600,000.
the same as last year, there will be a margin ot
SBO,OOO, which, however, will be required to defray
certain expenses not included in the above estimate.
The Weather. —Dr. Posey, who takes care of
the weather here as Professor Merriam does for New
York, had his hands full yesterday and the day be
fore. The rapidity with which the mercury’ moved
about was enough to keep anybody who watched it
busy. The lowest point we have heard of its reach
ing is 10 degrees. In Augusta it was as low as o
degrees. We hear that the difference in tempera
jure of the morning and night of last Sunday was
36 degrees. One of those omnipresent individuals,
the “oldest inhabitants,*’ mentioned in our hearing
that in ’35 the thermometer remained at zero for
two days.
We observe that a new ice house is being built in
the vicinity of the old cemetery. The occasion is
appropriate for the announcement, and if things
continue as they are for some days longer, the pro
prietor will be saved the trouble resorting to impor
tations for his next season's supply.
Biaoe writing the above we have been furnished
by Dr. Posey with the following range of the ther
mometer for the last two days : \
7 A.M.’ 2 P.M. 9 P.M.
Sunday, 18th 56° 9' 29- 8 *2l° 9
Monday, 13th 13- 0 31° W
[Savannah Republican.
The Cold at the North. —The con tinned se
vere weather at the North is having the effect of
causing an immense amount of annoyance, incon
venience, discomfort and damage to the inhabitants
and property ot those f.igid regions. New York*
harbor and Long Island Sound are almost completr
-0; blocked up with floating ice, and navigation of ad
kinds is very dangerous, if not actually impossible.
At New York no less than twelve lines of ferryboats,
were compelled to suspend operations entirely
w .ilo those that continues to run occupied from one
fl' three hours iu making their trips of from a half
to one mile distance.
The Herald says that most of the ice forms in the
North river, and every tide brings down great mas*
Bt s. which, if unchecked, float out to sea byway of
tn«r Narrows; but unfortunately, the tide in the
Nonh river changes two hours later than that of the
L.u'i river, and all the floating ice in the bay finds
it> way on the turn of the tide up the East river, and
tht channel is liable to be choked until another tide
jh'ht* it back again. In the city itself the greatest
trouble and damage is experienced from the freez
ing und bursting of the Croton water pipes, and no
-ittit* anxiety is created, iu consequence, at the im-
Hiense amount of water wasted by this means.
Among the damages to vessels we notice that the
barque Byron, Capt. Gray, of Bath, from Cardenas
ult., was cut through by the ice in New York
Bay on Friday; and sunk in ten minutes in about
five fathoms at high water. The captain and crew
s&v-rd themselves by their boat, and were picked
up by the towboat Underwriter, which remained
by the wreck until 4 o'clock in the afternoon. They
saved the two topgallant sails, two topsails, mizzen
staysail, and jib and fly.rg jib. some of the running
rigging, and the two boats. The captain and crew
lost all but what they stood in.
A -unilar state of things exists ah along the cc'ast
to thy eastward and the mercury ranged iast Friday
ali along from 4- to 18 below zero.— Char. Cour.
Carrying Home Bundles.—Many people have
a coLiemptible fear of being seen to carry any bun
dle, however small, having the absurd* idea that
there ;s a social degradation in the act The most
trifling as well as the most weighty packages must
be sent home to them, no matter how mud. the in
oooveinence of others This arises from a lew sort
oi prifo. There is a pride that is higber. that arises
irom a consciousness of there being something in the
individual to be effected by such accidents—
worth and weight of character. This latter pride
was exhibited by the ©on of Jerome Napoiean Bo
naparte. Wkiie he we -in college he was one day
carrying to his room a broom Le had just purchas
ed, when he met a friend, who noticing the broom.
with surprise exciaineu *‘Why did you not havS it
sent Lome?" “I am not ashamed lo carry hofne
anything which belongs me,’’ was the sensible replv
of young Bonaparte.— lord. Stanley
Nor Coming. —The intended Bouthem tour ofthe
Parod: Strakosch troupe-. it is announced will net
take place. Strakoech is compelled to retnm to
New York, to take part at the opening of the Aca
demy of Music.
V Tke >e,vi, from Mrnraxn*.
We publish beW rhe full details of the new? Iron
Kicaragaa, brought by the steamer Texas, at Sfea
Orleans, together with the speeis! corrcspondei:e<
of the Picayune. The news has been looked foi
r?ith much interest, and wi! be found to contain
ful! particulars of the stirring events transpiring in
tl'at quarter: ’
1 The Nicaragua, troops under Gen. Ilenuingsen,
numbering about 40U men, wore besieged nineteen
in Granada by a force of about 'iboO of the
’eneu iy.
On lue 18th ot December. Gen. Ilenuingsen re
ceived reinforcements of JOO men, and on the 19th
:ie succeeded in driving the nemv from the place
ana subsequent!?.removing to Kiras, the present
capital ot Nicaragua, ail the military stores aud
public documents uninjured.
The loss of <G*h. Hmuiugsen, during the siege,
was about 200 m n, killed and wounded. The loss
of the enemy wrs about ! 100 men.
Tbe utmost bravery and enthusiasm was eilubi
fed by i terming,en' command during the whole
siege.
So complete a victory, against such odds, is not
surpassed if equaled, hi the pages o' history.
I he city of Rivas, the present capital, was taken
possession of by the Nicaraguan fore- s, without
a single shot being fired, the enemy having evac
uated the place at once, on hearing of their ap
proach. . *
On the *J3d of December, a force of 300 Costa Ri
cans, under coinrfiaud of a man named Spen er, a
former employee oT the Transit Company, came
down the river SCnapiqui, and thence to Puma
Arenas, aud took possession of the two river boats
lying there, and proceeded up the San Juan river,
uudcT Cos' a Rican colors, biking ail the boats on
the river, tiil'they.met the steamboat San Carlos,
ltavifig on board tub California passengers for New
York and New Organs. S, nicer promised to take
them safely to on oue ot the boats in his
pdl3ts£iou, and they accepted his proposition, and
arrived at Grey town the following day, just as the
steamship Texas was heaving in sight!
*. Oi?*Bfceiug the Texas coming in. the Costa Ricans
stove up all the benches and other wood work of
Lheij*boat, to make fuel, aud made all haste to get
out of the port.
*A'force of recruits for Gen. Walker, numbering
three men. well armed and equip
pea; had arrived it Paata Arenas before the Texas
left, and had quartered on the point, awaiting the
repairing of another steamboat, which would be
completed in about five days, when they would pro
ceed up the river and re capture the steamboat aud
erideavor to take the man Spencer.
v nst as the Texas was leaving, a messenger ar
rived with he news that Gen. Walker, finding that
toe inke boats did not return a* usual, had crossed
tho lake, to ascertain the cause, and Lrol attacked
and re-taken Carlos, and was then on his way down
theriver carrying every thing before him.
•There is no doubt that by this time the river is
again clear.
San George, Dec. IG, 1856.
Friend Pic. —My last letter to you, under date of
the 3d December, was iroin Virgin Bay, at which
place we remained until the next day, when having
received inarching orders, the army, about eleven
o'clock, A. M , marched out of Virgin, and arrived
at this place in tiie afternoon, without meeting the
enemy; in fact,.the march was so silent and rapid,
that the natives in this place did not know of our
approach until the Rangers charged into the Plaza.
We heard after Ja (is that several officers of the en
emy were in thrown, but they vanished so sudden
ly that they were no* seen by our troops.
Capt. J. T. Coleman’s company was left in Virgin
to garrison the place, in command of Maj. Dusen
bury. About 12 o’clock of the first night of our ar
rival, a scouting'party of the enemy's lancers fired
upon our pickets, but ou the fire being returned,
they retired, and did not annoy us any more that
bight ; but the next morning, about 11 o’clock, they
appeared again, and attacked the pickets on the
Rivas road, but after having two of their force kill
ed by our pickets, who stood their ground like vet
erans, they withdrew, and have not molested us
since.
* On the sth, the steamer Virgin arrived from Vir
gin with nmnunition, and the sick and wounded, and
after disembarking all at this place, she started over
to Muygalpa, on the Island of Ometepee, lor the
sick and wounded that had been sent to that place
•»n theittst November, and returned with them on
the'fit h. »
On the night of the Ist., the natives of the Island
of Ometepee made an attack upon several quarters
of the town on the islan l, but were repulsed next
day, with the Joss’of about thirty men.
On tfieYth, the.steamer arrived here with about
2.'>o recruits from New Orleans, and alxmt 30 from
New York, which, together with about 70 tha* arriv
ed from California, gives a reinforcement of about
350 men.
News being received that the enemy were still at
Rivas, a scouting party of Rangers were sent out to
reconnoitre, and Coming upou one of th fir pickets,
fired upon them aud drove them in.
< In my last, 1 wrote to you that the portion of the
army, at Granada, were advancing slowly, and were
within two or three hundred yards of the old fort oil
the' beach, in which position, owing to sickness, they
remained until Dec. 12. Surrounded, as they were
by an enemy of at least fifteen hundred strong, it be
came impossible for them to advance, with the sick
and wouuded, and ull the ordinance, without aseis
tdhee. The eueifly were unable to drive them from
their position, and their only hope of gaining a vic
tory over this brave party, was in starving them out.
But even this they found no easyjolfj as the boys
found that mule, horse uud dog meat was preferable
to beef, aud lived upon that tor many days. In the
meantime, t lie loss of the enemy, in the different at
tempts to dislodge our troops, was very large, while
those of the troops was compaiatively small; but the
large number of dead bodies of the enemy lying un
buried around the fortification, created an enemy
far more dangerous than gre&sei s, in the shape of
cholera, of which disease many died. But the as
sistance, so long looked for by them, came at last,
mid one mere, if not the most severe lesson, was
taught the too sanguine enemy, and so severe that
they wiil never, in my opinion, forget it.
-.** On the night of the 10th Gen. Walker left here
for Granada, on the steamer Virgin, with about
two hundred men—composed of four companies of
rangers and two of infantry—under command of
Col. Waters, and on the night of the 12th lauded
about two miles below the Old Fort, on the beach.
The lauding was effected without any loss, although
ii detachment of the enemy’s lancers were on the
beach, and kept up ail ineffective firing. After
forming, they advanced, and attacked the first bar
ricade, which was strongly defended, but nothing
could withstand the impetuous charge of our men.
The enemy were in a few moments driven from it
with great slaughter. With the same impetuosity
two other barridkdes were attacked and carried,
aud a junction effected with those in the fortifica
tions by daylight. This achievement was not ac
complished without, loss, as the enemy seemed to
fight with desperation; and at the first barricade
many hand-to-hand encounters took place, and
many were killed. With Colt’s six shooter, the loss
of the enemy was very great, as dead bodies were
strewed all over the roan. Our loss was thirty-sev
en in killed and wouuded in this last attack. Our
loss in the attack upon Granada, together with the
several attacks on the fortifipations and by cholera,
could not have been less than one hundred and liitv ;
at least two-thirds of which number was from chole
ra, occasioned as above stated.
After the junction was effected, the enemy re
mained perfectly passive ; and all the troops, woun
ded and-sick ,oj(l nance, tec., were embarked witli-
opposiHon?£xeeptjby a few shots from a cannon
too far to do any execution, and arrived safely here
on the 13th. No less than twenty-five or thirty de
serted during the seventeen days the troops were
hemmed in, ar.d if not killed, would be glad, no
(doubt, if they had remained true to their colors.—
The commanding officer of the enemy pretended to
A eke a great fancy to Gen. lleuningsen, and wrote
• him a letter to that effect, inviting him to visit his
'quarters, pledging his word that he should be allow
*( d* to return unharmed; but the General had, no
tloubt, in his youth read the story of the spider and
"the liy. and not only very politely declined the invi
station, but iufqrmed the said commander that any
further communication between them must be from
the I*cannon’s 1 *cannon’s mouth. Several of the deserters are
reported to have been shot and hung by the enemy.
Two bodies were seen hanging on the beacli at
some distance from where the troops embarked at
Granada, specimens, no doubt, of the kind of
protection the enemy extended to some of our de
serters.
Since the arrival of the troops at this place the
health of the army has very visioly increased, and I
hope soon to be able to write that there are no sick.
There is no doubt that a great deal of the sickness
among the men is brought on by their own impru
dence in eating green fruit. Although the regula
tions are very strict, and they are forbid, under se
vere punishment, to eat any green fruit, they will
steal off and gorge themselves with green oranges
until they get the fever. They seem to think that
their life depends upon eating ten or twelve green
oranges before breakfast. It is useless to warn
them or threaten them— they mil doit. t
The Rangers that were sent out towards Rivas
this morning have just returned, with information
that the enemy had evacuated the place, and that
the town was deserted. On receiving this informa
tion, Gen. Walker immediately ordered a'l the army
(except the 2d Infantry, under the command of Col.
Jaquess, left to garrison this place) to march upon
Rivas, and while I am now writing, the different
companies, with flags flying, are marching out of
town.
Rivas, Dec. 29. 1856.
Friend Pic :—I wrote to you,, under date of the
16th December From San GeAi'ge, which was ieftin
command of Col. Jaqusss, with the Second Infantry,
until all the sick and wounded, ammunition, &c,.
could be removed to Rivas, ail of which was not
fully completed until Saturday, the 20th, and on
Sunday morning, the 21st, the Second Infantry
marched out of San George, leaving it in quiet pos
session of the natives, and arrived here about 11
-6c ock.A. M. same day, the distance being a little
iess than two miles.
■« The town has a somewhat gloomy appearance.-
’ On entering the Plaza, on one hide, a very large
church has been commenced and completed to the
first story, but how many years since, I cannot say,
as it looks now more like a ruin than a new building
On the opposite aide are the ruins of the buildings
fired by the enemy at the last battle in this place.—
These ruins, in the most conspicuous part of the
town, give it, on first entering, a somewhat dreary
appearance, but, after passing these eye sores,
things change for the better, and finer quarters,
both for officers and men, are found here than even
in Granada.
The fortifications made fore by die enemy are
the best and strongest I have yet seen in the coun
try. and if they had remained to light from behind
th*em. it would, no doubt, have caused the loss of
many of our troops before they could have been
taken. The strongest kind of barracadea, both of
adobe and lugs, were thrown up across the roads
and streets: trenches at least five fee? deep were
dug to communicate with the different barricades,
covering a man entirely in crossing from one to the
other ; houses barricaded ; towers for sharp-shooters
erected on the corners of streets, on the tops of
houses, built of solid logs, ball proof, entirely cover
ing tfo men, and pierced with port-holes on all
sines—in fact, every precaution was taken for a
vigorous defence. Ail these barricades were erec
ted in the upper part, which is considered the
strongest and most inaccessible part of the town.—
Now. the question arises, why did ihey leave the
town which cost them so many days hard labor to
fortify ‘ Was it that they feared Gen. Waiter’s
cannon : ©: war? :t dissensions among themselves y
I believe myself it was caused by both.
I am informed that tfoy hear 4 the evening be
fore they left that Gen. Walker w.>u!d attack them
in the morning, and knowing tha* he had arrived
from Granada with ail ids cannon, and also knowing
that reinforcement* had arrived, they no doubt de
cided that discretion was the better part of valor,
and marched off t*-wards M&saya. before daylight.
1 am also informed that they quarreled with them
selves. told came near fighting that morning, and
that when they marched off, they divided into two
separate parries, and marched out of town by diffe
rent roads. The general impression is, however,
that they were to-, weak to stand a siege, and could
no* have held the town against the force that Gen.
Walker could bring against it.
Nothing further has foen foaru rom them since
they left, with the exception that they are at Ma
saya.quarreling among themselves; and further, that
tne enemy were- -ec iu/V-dfoideraole force by the
rangers, at a -mail town" called Ntmdima, about
twelve miles rrum Granada, on the *2StL. Shots were
exchanged, butnodairage done.
The following is a list of promotion* and appoint
ments hi the Army on the 25th November iast:
2d Lieut James H. Hearsay, promoted to Cap
tain.
Sergeant Major, Hy. C. McCoy, promoted to
2d Lieutenant
Sergeant M Seufly promoted to 2d Lieutenant
| Sergeant Thomas Fellows, promoted to 2d Lieu-
I tenant.
Pnvafce E W. Morgan, promoted to 2d Lieuten-
Private Henry Maicoiio, promoted to 2d Lieu
tenant. *
Private I)au Shea, promoted to 2d Lieutenant.
December 9,-CoI, E. J. San Jem, promoted to
Brigadier General, commiwion to date from Nov.
Major A. Schwartz, promoted to Lieutenant Col
commission to date from Nov. IS.
Capt. Geo. E. Farran, promoted to Ma jor, com
mission to date from Nov. 18.
Ist Lieut c. W. West, promoted to Captain, com
mission to date from Nov. 18. 1
Major J P. Waters promoted to Lieutenant Col.,
commission to date from Dee, 8.
Capt. Juo. M. Baldwin, promoted to Major, com
mission to datefrom Dec, 8.
Cupt. J. P. Lewis, promoted to Major, commis
sion to date from Dee. 8.
Jd.Lieut. Caskell,promoted to Ist Lieutenant, com
mission to date from Dec. 8.
Corpora] M. G. Hull, promoted to 2d Lieutenant,
commission to date from Dec. 8.
Private M. D. Smith, promoted to 2d Lieutenant,
commission to date from Dec. 8,
Private 1.. 11. Klockner, promoted to 2d Lieut.,
commission to date from Nov. IS.
2d Lieut. E. H. Clark, promoted to Ist Lieut, com
mission to date from Dec. 8.
December lo.— Gen. C. P, Henningsen, pro
moted to Major General; Lieut. Col. John C. O'Neal,
promoted to Col. Ist Rides : Maj, I'. B. Crane, Com
uii.-sary Department, promoted to Lieut. Col.; Maj.
Thomas Henry, Quatersinaeter Department,promo
ted to Lieut. Col.: Ist Lieut. W It. Buttriek, pro
moted to Captain : let Lieut. James S. West, promo
ted to Captain . Surgeon C S. Coleman, promoted
to Lieut. Col. aud Acting Surgeon General; Surge
on A. Callahan, promoted to .Major; .Maj. K. W.
Rawie, Ordnance Department, promoted to Lieut.
Col. by Brevet;-Maj. Henry L. Potter, Ordnance
Department, promoted {to Lieut. Col. by Brevet!
Capr. A. Swingle, Ordnance Department, promoted
to Major; Maj._ A. Swingle, Orduauce Department,
promoted to Lieut Col. by Brevet of Artillery; Ist
Lieut. Sempter Williamson, promoted to Captain of
Hides; Sergeant Maj. Jackson, promoted to 2d
Lieut, of Rides; Sergeant G. D. Broun, promoted to
2d Lieut.; Sergeant B. Le Sueur, promoted to 2d
Unit.
December 19.—-Major G. W. M. Leonard, promo
ted to Brevet Lieutenant Colonel; Major W. P.
Caycee, promoted to Brevet Lieutenant Colonel;
Cap:. Thomas Dolan, promoted to Major ; Sergeant
J. W. Craogle, promoted to Ist Lieutenant; Ser
gennt Clark, promoted to 2d Lieutenant; Sergeaut
Gillum, promoted to 2d Lieutenant; Thomas Me-
Ilhenuy, M. D., Assistant Snrgeon with rank of
Captain.
December 2dd.—lst Lieut. Thomas F. Wright,
promoted to Brevet Captain; Private 11. P. De-
Shields, promoted to 2d Lieut.; Private Ephraim
Mann, promoted to Captain ; David Martin, promo
ted Captain; 2d Lieut. Hy. Malcolm, promoted to
Ist Lieut.
December 26.—1st Lieut. Chas. Wilkinson, pro
moted Captain of Rides ; Private John Franklin,
promoted to 2d Lieut.
December 28.—Lieutenant Colonel John P. Wa
ters, promoted to Colonel, to date from the 13th De
cember.
APfoMMENTS. —S. A. Loekridge, Lieut. Col.;
Farrell, Captain ; M. A. Wil-ou, Captain ; Iligley,
Captain; Course, Captain; C. Cuimmgham, Ist
Lieut.; Crasley, Ist Lieut.; W. S. Bacon, Ist Lieut.;
B. F. Harwell, Ist, Lieut; Seammeron, Ist Lieut.;
Rayburn, Ist Lieut.; H. F. Whittier,. Assistant Quar
termaster, rank of Captain; R. M. Blackmail, 2d
Lieut.; W. G. Course, 2d Lieut.; John G. Chalmers,
2d Lieut.; Geo. B. Bouton, M.D., Assaistant Sur
geon, rank of Captain ; John W. Servier, Ist Lieu
tenant.
Resignations. —Lieutenant Col. Leonidas Mc-
Intosh, 2i November; General B. D. Fry, 1(5 De
cember ; Assistant Surgeon Wm. L. Lundy, 23 De
cember.
On Leavk or Aussnck to the States. —Gen.
C. C. Hornsby, Major Warren Raymond, Lieut.
Geo. F. Beamish, Lieut. Thus. G. Flournoy, Lieut.
Col. A. F. Binder, Capt Lewis D. Watkins, Capt.
Snow, D. McCbesney, S. S. Livingston, Capt. J. G.
Dreux, Col. Mark 15. Skerrett, Lieut. Col. E. H.
McDonald.
As 1 start in a few moments for San Juan del Sur,
1 must close this letter, tint before doing so, I must
wish you aud all your readers a merry t liristmas
and happy New Year, and may you all rea'ize your
brightest anticipations tbe ensuing year. Christ
mas day here was rather a dull affair. We missed
the usual sound of dre-cruckers which usher in the
holidays, aud the bright faces and sparkling eyes of
the juveniles on their way to the toy shops ; we
missed also the cold weather which, with you, gene
rally accompanies these days of sociability aud gene
ral happiness ; hut we did not miss the egg-nogg.
We had the good luck to procure some eggs, and
through the kindness of a friend we were supplied
with sufficient of the urgent to make a good sized
gourd full. Yours truly, 11. R.
Rivas, January 2,1857.
I open this merely to add that I returned from
San Juan yesterday ; that nothing new lias happen
ed, everything being perfectly quiet here. No fur
thtr news abutittlie enemy, llow long thisstateof
affairs will last I cannot say, but from present ap
pearances nothing important will be done for some
time. The health of the army is improving rapidly.
Yours, ' 11. R.
The following account of the party of Costa Ri
cans, under command of Spencer, I‘unta Arenas
and on the San Juan river, has been kindly furnish
ed us by Col. KtkUer, of the Nicaraguan army, who
arrived in the steumship Texas :
The steamer La Virgin left Virgin Bay on the
2f)tk of December, for Fort San Carlos and Toro
Rapids. On passing tbe mouth of the San Carlos
river, we saw a raft with men on it coming down,
which satisfied us that tho Costu Ricans were in the
vicinity. A man by the name of Spencer, who
fonneriy had been in the employ of the Transit Com
pany, and who, as we afterwards fouud, was in
command, had previously arrived, and was waiting
with 150 men in ambush at the wood-landing,
where the boats u.maliy take in wood, to capture
the boat.
Capt. Townsend, of the Col. Wheeler, thought it
prudent not to stop. Tue boat passed without be
ing fired on. Spencer’s excuse for not firing on her
was that there were too many women on board.—
After we passeil he immediately embarked his men
in hungos, aud proceeded down the river He lan
ded lus forces about three miles above Serapiqui,
where there was a company of forty men stationed,
commanded by Cap . F. A. Thompson. Spencer
made his way down within sight of Thompson’s
camp, and lay until the men were at their dinner,
when he charged in upon them taking them by sur
prise, so much so that not more than two or three
were able to get their arms. The Costa Ricans’
fire dealing death and dismay among them ; all
save those who were killed jumped in the river and
were drowned, except six, who succeeded in reach
ing Fun! a Arenas some days after.
To Capt. Thompson is much blame attached. He
had timely notice of the rafts coming down tho San
Carlos river; his failing to put out pickets, and ne
glect of instituting the necessary precautions, made
him responsible for the surprise and destruction of
his command. It is said that he fought bravely, and
was wounded in several places with bayonets.—
His life was saved by Spencer.
After Spencer tool; that poet he proceeded down
the river and arrived ill the harbor of Sun Juan on
the morning of the 23d December, bringing with
him Capt. Thompson as prisoner. On his arrival,
lie at once proceeded on board of a British man-of
war, laying in the harbor, and delivered despatches
from the .President ot Costa Rica to the commander
ot tire British fleet. Capt. Thompson was left on
hoard the man-of-war to have his wounds attended
to.
Before Spencer left, the commander told him to
go on with liis work, and that lie would assist him
in the morning. This took place about 3 o’clock,
A. M. Spender waited until daylight before lie
limited on the point, taking tha agent and employees
bv surprise. Spencer fold them that if there was a
single-shot fired, he would not permit a single life to
he saved.
As soon us Spencer had taken possession of the
Transit Company’s building, and the steamer then
laying there, three man of war gun boats, manned
each with thirty men and one six pounder* were
posted in such a position as to completely command
the Transit Company’s buildings. The commander
of these gun boats, seeing there would he no resist
ance, ordered them to retire. There was not a shot
fired on either side, and Spencer was permitted to
take away the three river steamers, without moles
tation.
During the day Spencer got steam on the boats
to proceed up the river. Through some misman
agement, two of the boats, when east off', drifted
over on the Greytown shore. Spencer found some
difficulty in getting them off, which the English fleet
nothing, they magnanimously sent him chains and
anchors to a-'sist him.
While the boats were laying on the Greytown
shore, some citizens of that place, to whom the
Transit Company was indebted, got out attachments
in order to detain the boats. < )ae was served on
Spencer, which lie tore up and threw the fragments
in the face of the officer. Take note of this ye gods,
and weep I For once he it said the authority ol His
Majesty, tho Mosquito King, was disregarued. His
Honor, T.J. Martin, the Chief Magistrate of Grey
town, felt the insull keenly, and made a formal de
mand on the Commodore of the British fleet to see
that the authority of Ilis Majesty, the Mosquito
King, was respected. The answer to this formal de
mand was that be could not interfere. The boats
were got off, and proceeded up the river to Castiilo.
Gen. Walker having no troops at this poinfo
Spencer had no trouble to obtain possession. Here
lay the steamer Scott, which they secured. The
eteamer Ogden was at the Toro Rapids. Spencer
made the agent, under pain of death in case of re
fusal, write an order to Capt. Mahoney to bring her
down to Castillo; which lie did. Spencer in the
meantime placed h ; s men in a large warehouse.
The Captain, on his arrival, made the steamer fast
thinking all was right -, when this was done, the
doors of the warehouse were thrown open, and the
Costa Ricans marched on board, taking all hands
prisoners. Capt. Mahoney and crew were compell
ed to take the steamer up to Toro Rapids, where
lay the lake steamer La Virgin. Capt. Bunker,
seeing Capt. Mahoney and his crew at this port, did
not have the least suspicion of anytuing wrong, un
til Spencer, with the Costa Ricans, stepped on
hoard his boat aud seized her.
Ou the 30th, they proceeded to Fort San Carlos,
and took that post by surprise, wilhout firing a gun]
Capt. Bunker and his crew were also compelled foi
take the steamer La Virgin to San Cailos, There
were certain signals established between t he steamers
and the fort, which were always exc hanged on ap
proaching in the night; these signals were exchaug
ed. The steamer proceeded as usual to a point near
the fort, where she stops to communicate with the
shore. Capt. Krugei bearded the steamer with five
men. He was told to repair to the upper deck,
where he was informed that he was a prisoner, ana
that if he made any signals to his men in the fort,
be would be instantly ’shot, and was compelled to
write an order for his command to surrender.
The steamer San Carlos, with the California and
Nicaragua passengers, left Virgin Bay on Friday
morning, at about one o’clock, and proceeded on
her way across the lake, arriving at Fort San Carlos
about 10 A. M. of the same Jay. The usual signals
were exchanged, and the steamer was hoarded by
two men. Dr. Hardcastle and Lieut. Tyler, attach
ed to the post, went ou shore, aud the steamer star
ted down the river San-Juan. We had gene but a
few miles, however, before we Were met by another
steamer, commanded hy the übiquitous spencer,
who hailed, and started us with the intelligence that
all the lake steamers Were in po.-o ssiouof the Costa
Ricans, and that Fort Sail Carlos, which he had just
left, Castillo, and Serapiqui, Lad been taken. This
Spencer i» the same man who a few yeara since kill
ed Capt. Fraeber, and only saved his neck for want
of evidence.
The following letters are from a passenger to San
Juan from New Orleans, in the Texas ;
Pt NTA Arenas, Jan. 1,1857—5, P. M.
We have just come to anchorage, and through
our pilot, received the not very pleasant informa
tion. that the transit route is closed, the Costa Ri
cans being in full possession of the whole river and
point. Also every steamer belonging to the com
pany. on both river and lake, thus cutting off all
communication with the western side, and with
Walker.
This, as you can imagine, was not very cheering
news for us. It seems that twelve days ago a party
of some four or five hundred C'jsta Ricans, under
the command ot a man bv the name of Spencer, (an
American, well known at this place as one of the
most perfect villains extant.) came down the river
Carlos in bungoes aud rafts, and before the com
pany s men, at this place, were aware of their prox
imity, seized the 1 >onts and property, at this point
belonging to the company, and made their way off
up tne river, where, by means of strategy, they
managed to possess themselves of ail the boats
above, oue after another, keeping their rnjm con
cealed, and making all the usual -igtiaU unit (key
ran along side, when they showed their armed men.
and demanded a surrender.
This course they followed up uutd they managed
to possess themselves of all the boats, including the
one containing the California passengers, whom
they brought down, aud lauded at Greytown, a
ew minutes before we arrived. Immediat iy ou
' our arrival they steamed away, re-eutered the river
aud weut about their business. They are said to
have treated their prisoners very kindly, even
Walker’s officers, of whom there were a dozen or
more on hoard, all of whom they have released.
There are in port at present, the following ves
sels ; One seventy-four gun ship, four gun boats,
and two brigs, all British. Also the British mall
steamer Clyde. and a hark.
Immediately on our entering, aud becoming
aware of the condition of affairs, preparations were
made hy Col. Maucosos, to retake the steamer, then
Greytown. This, it seems, was anticipated hy
the British commander, as he immediately hoarded
us. and peremptorily commanded Erskiue that no
armed boats cross the harbor. This, in conjunction
with the tact that the steamer was then leaving,
prevented onr accomplishing anything at this time.
Ihe men,. however, are armed so far as possible,
aud kept in readiness for any emergency.
Tuesday, Jan. 6 — 5 p. m.
Ihe steamer Tennessee hss not yet made her ap
pearance, although anxiously looked for. Noth
ing oi importance has yet transnired since our ar
rival. #
Ou Sunday night a party left in boats for the pur
pose of trying to retake the steamer, if still near the
m«»uth ol the river, but after pulling up some six
miles, were compelled to return without makii g
any discovery. Yesterday, the men were all taken
to a point some two miles up, where they are en
camped, in flats and on shore. At the same time
the company commenced operations ou another
boat, that is, putting maehiuery into an old one
which will be ready in a few days.
The men at the camp are under the command of
Col. Eockndge, who distinguished himself at Grana
da, where he was one of those who made those des
perate charges which saved the remnant of tho ar
my at that place, when bringing off the baggage and
munitions, in which they were successful, after
nineteen days’ hard fighting, surrounded by seven
times their number.
Walker is at present at Rivas, or was when last
heard from ; he has no means of crossing the lake,
except in a small sloop and bungoes. The full par
ticulars of affairs on the west side you will be able
to get from Col. Crawford and others, who go out in
this steamer, aud who participated in them ; also
through your regular correspondent.
The report of the Tennessee, to New York, in re
gard to the murder, on the Island of Ometepee, of
all the women and children, was entirely without
foundation. They were all saved, and many of
them are here at present.
Walker’s army in the west is reported to be in
11 6 1 ( ‘. ollc^i() n. They succeeded in carrying off
all their cannon, ammunition, &.c., from Granada
to Rivas, which place they took without tiring a
shot. h
Friday, Jan. 9—5 P. M.
After looking anxiously for the Tennessee since
Sunday last, at which time she was long overdue, it
was resolved that the Texas should put to sea,
which she accordingly did this morning, with all the
nissengers on board, both for New Orlerns and
New \ ork. She bad not been out, however, more
than two hours and a half, when a steamer hoTe in
sight, which proved to bo the James Adger, sent in
place of the Tennessee, which we now for the first
time learned had been disabled, although it was
known in New York three days before w-e left the
Belize. r lhe two ships returned hero together, and
are now transferring passengers ; the Texas will re
turn to New-C)rleuns to-morrow morning, whilst the
Adger will first take t lie California passengers to
Aspinwall, then return here for the New York pas
sengers, who will be placed on shore until her re
turn.
A rumor has just come in that Walker lias cross
ed the lake and re-taken San Cai’los , lie certainly
will not allow the grass to grow under his feet at
present, as his whole salvation depends upou the
re-opening of the transit, which he will without
doubt accomplish, though he has a heavy combina
tion working against him, of which the Vaud rbill
Company, Uncle Sam and Her Britannic Majestv
form no small portion.
It looks very strauge to the large number of Arne
means crossing this route, to see the expense Great
Britain is at to maintain so many ships, with some
two thousand live hundred seamen, on this station
whilst a U. S. Ship ot war has not been seen in these
waters for 3ome nine months. The fact is, Great
Britain rules these waters andthe udjoiuihg shores
without let or hindi ance, and her police boats glide
impudently under the bows of American steamers,
ami say who shall and who shall not pass from shore
to-steamer, after her prescribed hours. Were she
to confine this to the limits of her self-imposed Mos
quito Protectorate, all might be well. But no! the
opposite shore must come in for a share of her moth
erly care. How long this is to be borne our blus
tenng Uncle Sam saith not. For the present, adieu.
S. M. B
Truth* for .Southern Democrats.
Now that the election is over, the Democratic
leaders can tell the people some truths not written
by them before the election:
Correspondence of the N. O. Della , (Dcm.)
Washington, January 1.
The strife now is, really, between the North and
the South. Tbe question is, shall or shall not any
more States—the constitutions of which shall tole
rate slavery—be admitted into the Union 1 But a
thing so easily evaded is ready not worth disputing
about, tor in truth, in fact, 44 squatter sovereignty"
is the question. Suppose, for thesak *of argument,
that the* question is settled, irrevocably settled in
Congress, against the admission of such States ; and
the inhabitants ot a Territory desiring admission in
to the Union are decidedly in favor of slavery, wlmt
is to prevent them from making no provision in
their Constitution concerning slavery, or from
changing after admission, any provision which the
force oj circumstances may have introduced against,
their will ? Yes, “squatter sovereignty” is the
question. How is it likelv to operate in future ? Is
it not the popular doctrine ? If it is not Democrat
ic or Constitutional doctrine, it certainly has so much
the appearance of Democracy as to be taken for
the! genuine thing itself by nine-tenths of the peo
ple. . It will decide the Kansas difficulty, and if it is
not, it will be, ere long, the popular doctrine of the
North. What reason is there for this opinion ?
Whence flows the strongest current of emigration
to tlie public territory l Everybody knows it is
from the North.
In what manner will the election of Mr. Buchau
un affect our domestic emigration and concomitant
“ squatter sovereignty ?” In Ireland the election
is haled as an “Irish triumph in America;'’ —iu
Germany it is “ a German triumph.” This will, in
all probability, increase very considerably, the
number of our European emigrants. Generally
they have little money when they arrive, and there
fore hover about the place where they landed, and
the neighboring cities. Their destitution impels
them to work for any wages they can get; and be
ing long inured to hardship and privation, have
learned to support a family for a week on a sum that
would not more than suffice for a like family of
Americans a single day. They will come in great
numbers during the next two years,—and in propor
tion, the emigrations of Americans to the West will
be increased; and all those crowded out from the
Northern cities and neighboring towns will be in
favor of “squatter sovereignty” and “free soil.”
The foreigners who take their places—those at least
who come from despotic governments—falling in
the way of the Abolition and Republican leaders,
and getting the idea that they alone are for free
dom—are the “ Liberty party”—they will join that
party. The South is comparatively free from this
trouble. It loses also its effects in populating the
public territory.
Succedingin Kansas and Nebraska, this great
tide of emigrants will turn southward, sweeping
over to Texas. The inducements in the Territories
farther North and West, will not for some time be
sufficient to desert its course in that direction. As
soon, therefore, as the great “Northern hive” dis
covers the success of those swarms they have sent,
off, thus will every one give his voice for “squatter
sovereignty.'’ But what does it signify ? Iu a
few years both houses of Congress will be opposed
to the extension of slavery. Already some that the
South regarded as friends have declared themselves
anti-slavery and anti-extens’on men. Even Doug
las, Bigger and Shields, have recently made similar
confessions. Can the South rely on any Northern
man standing by her in the day of trial, any farther
than he shall deem it his interest to do so ? If there
be such a man who is he ?
The Philadelphia Inquirer says :—We some time
since alluded to the capture by the Indians, of Mrs.
Wilson, a lady who was on her way from St. Louis
in Salt Lake City, in Colonel Babbitt’s train. Mea
sures were immediately taken to secure her rescue,
and Captain Wharton, ofthe United States army,
exerted h mselfto the utmost. He offered large re
wards, sent out parties iu search, and even anticipa
ted the wishes of the family, so anxious and energe
tic was he in this work of humanity. It appeals,
however, that his labors were iu vain, for a letter, re
ceived in this city yesterday, states Mrs. Wilson
was killed on the day after her capture, because she
could not ride on horseback and keep up with the
train. She was a most estimable lady, and her me
lancholy fate has produced apainful sensation in the
minds and hearts of those who knew and apprecia
ted her.
Extreme Cold.— Old Boreas is even with us
now, if he owed us any grudge. Sunday and yes
terday mornings are generally regarded as the cold
est weather experienced here for many years, not
even excepting the intense cold of last winter. The
northwest wind was severely cutting, and made the
ears and fingers ache with cold and numbness. The
thermometer, we learn, indicated 19 degrees above
zero on Sunday morning, and 13 yesterday morn
ing at the Market house. We have heard reports
of the solid freezing of eggs and unproved whiskey,
and we fear that there will again be complaints, in
the spring, of the destruction of the seed potatoes,
unless farmers take extra care to keep them from
freezing. Even our ink does not flow freely to
day, find the extreme cold, which expands most
fluids (according to the teachings of philosophy) has
contracted the area of our ehirography.
We had a alight fall of drifting snow, on Sunday
morning, but the driving wind soon dispelled the
clouds and left us clear and bitterly cold weather.—
Columbus Eiu/uirer.
Death by Being Burned.— lt gives us pain to
announce that a little daughter of Mr. Paul John
son, of this city, aged about three years, was so ee
riously injured on Saturday morning by her clothes
taking tire, that she died a few hours after the occur
rence of the dreadful calamity.— Columbia , (S. C.)
Times.
Main Trunk Railroad. —\V r e learn from Judge
Love, who has just returned from Savannah, that
no arrangement has yet been made, nor is any like
ly to result from the late conference of contracting
parties, by which conflicting plans and interests
will be harmonized between the Main Trunk and
Brunswick Companies.— Macon Messenger.
Missionary Receipts.— We have just received
the annual reports of the domestic and foreign mis
sions of the Episcopal church. The number of
churches which have contributed to the missionary
treasury aie 1,856, out of 2,163, the whole number
in the Episcopal church. Os these 899 have con
tributed to domestic missions, and 953 to foreign
missions. The whole amount contributed domes
tic missions for the year was $47,245.77, and to
foreign missions s6o,779.sß .—Protestant Church
man.
Taxing Billiards and Liquors.—'The new
Board of Wardens of Athens, have passed a law
taxing retail liquor sellers, SI,OOO per annum, and
billiard tables SSOO a year. At this rate, the Col
lege boys are likely to have but a poor showing at
liquor and billiards, and are in a fairway to lack
the accomplishments of a College education.— E.c.
The Weather. —The coldest weather we have
seen in Atlanta, since the winter of 1851-2, made
its appearance on Sunday night last. At 6 o’clock
yesterday morning, the thermometer indicated a
temperature ot only two degrees above zero.—At
lanta Intelligencer.
Mackerel. —The number of barrels of Mackerel
inspected in Massachusetts daring the past year
was 21 4,312. The quantity caught was greater by
3,000 barrels than in 1855, and the largest in seven
years, excepting in 1852, when there were 317,040
barrels taken. Notwithstanding this success in fish
ing, and although the price of provision?', barrels,
Ate., were higher than they were the previous year,
mackerel have brought much lew, and the business
has not paid.
Poultry in New York. —Dnring the ten days
previous to New Years, there were received in N.
York city an average of 200 tons of poultry a day,
making 2,000 tons, or 4,000,000 pounds of turkeys,
geese, ducks, chickens, and game birds.
VOL. LXX.— NEW SERIES VOL. XXL NO. 4
Correspondence of the tioston Traveller.
I.nte K-'ariliqiiakc in Iho i'nsl.
Beirut, Nov. E, 1856.
Y\ hen I informed you of the earthquake which
shook Lebanon Oct. 12th, I intimated the probabili
ty that more would be heard of its desolating power.
That expectation has been fulfilled. According to
intelligence since received the earthquake which
I described occurring about midnight in Mount
Lebanon, where I was then residing, was felt along
the entire sea coast of Syria and Palestine, in some
places breaking the walls of houses, as in Tripoli
and Beirut, which have repeatedly been desttoyed
by such occurrences, while the city of Jaffa, the
ancient Jappa, still the port of Jerusalem, and seve
ral liuies levelled by earthquake, was violently
shaken, but not essentially iujuied. It was felt iu
Egypt, but without disaster, and also as far west in
Africa, as Algiers. To the North it was perceptible
over neariy tin whole of Asia Minor and Brocza,
situated ueai the sea of Marmora, which was ruined
by successive shocks, continuing from February,
lSo.», to June ol tire present year, aud again tum
bled, aud its population with it. Westward all the
islands of the Archipelago felt it, and Greece and
all the lonian Islands on its wi stern coast. The
Island of Malta was violently shaken, aud Vifletta,
its capital, seriously injured in its churches, walls,
and dwellings, the people being awoke From their
slumbers and flying into the streets iu frantic despe
ration. It was also felt with disastrous results in
Sicily and Calabria, in Italy. Ihe field of the
earthquake was, therefore, fully two thousand miles
in alt directions, mid at all points it was felt, as
reported, between midnight and 2 o'clock in the
morning.
Vesuvius had for some days given of ap
proaching troubles, vivid flames rising above tue
crater uud coloring the atmosphere all around.—
V\ hen tho shock came iu Naples and aloug the coast
it was so violent that iu some In uses the bells rang,
and clocks were stopped, and the doors opened and
shut continually ; crockery ware was dashed to
gether and broken or rolled off’ the tables, while the
iron bedsteads rattled and shook as though a strong
man had hold of them, the terrified occupants
springing to their feet on the floor. A hissing noise
was heard at the same time, like the sound of steam
escaping iroin an engine, while a rumbling noise
was heard like that ot u tram of railroad cars. The
adjacent sea was violently agitated, ns though toss
ed by a storm. Along the coast solid rocks were
rent assuuder, and thousands of thousands of tons,
in huge blocks, lay scattered around.
But my special design was to relate the catastro
phe at Rhodes, an island celebrated iu early history
and equally so in the history of the crusades. There
was an undying poetry about it. I hud seen it two
yeurs since, and gazed wit i admiration upon its tall
and graceful palms,the first! hod seen; upon the
harbor which was once overarched by the gigantic
brazen culussus ; upon the walla of the city aud the
towers, still bearing the marks of the crusaders, and
m »st of all upon the famous church of St. John, built
by the kuights, and standing upon a graceful rise in
the city, presenting its noble proportions and tall’
steeple, converted into a Moslem minaret, as the
church into a mosque, fully to view, both as you as
cend the wide street ou which it stands aud as view
ed trom the port. More than any other island ol sea
or ocean I had cherished its name from the day of
boyhood dreamiugs; 1 had at last seen it only more
to admire it; and now I had the purpose and the
prospect of spending a week or fortnight in it to
study its monuments aud recall its history. But
Rhodes is a heap of ruins! The same shock under
which Lebanon trembled demolished its walls, top
pled iis renowned church, aud spread desolation
over the entire island. It is a curious coincidence
that Suntovia, in whose buy is the new island of
which r wrote, was raised by an earthquake; some
two hundred yards of it may be said to be almost in
the very neighborhood of Rhodes. The statements
1 shall now give came from a resident of the island,
who saw much of what he describes.
The earthquake occurred Sunday morning, Octo
ber 12th, at half-past 2 o’clock. This shock wa
undulatory from soutli to west, and lasted seventy
five seconds—an unusual period -and was attend
ed with a violence as remarkable ns its duration.
Three other shocks had been felt before, but they
were of less force uud did but little damage. So
long was Ihe fatal shock that many pepole, awoke
by its violence, had time to go in and but of their
nouses again and again during the terrible phenom
enon. Undulations were felt from day to day for
some time, but unaccompanied by serious disasters.
Had another occurred like the fatal one, not one
stone in the city apparently would have been left
upon another. The walls of the castle, the towers,
the churches, the mosques, and the bells were all in
jure t more or less. The Jewish and Turkish quar
ters of the city were very much damaged, and their
houses, whose walls are cracked and ready to top
pie, demaud instant repair. In the European quar
ter about fifty houses were thrown down and others
rendered uninhabitable. The Greek quarter shared
the same fate ; and of above one thousand houses in
it not two escaped all injury. A great part of the In
habitants of the city are without shelter and de
prived of every thing. Some individuals, tho nuin
3er not ascertained, were buried in the ruins of
houses which were their homes and graves. Be
sides the destruction tof the houses, the walls which
surround the city in various places were thrown
down, and give free ingress through the wide gaps
to other crusaders, if they choose to enter. The
damage to the city is estimated at two millions ol
dollars.
But it was not this beautiful city alone which suf
fered ; the whole island, still more beautiful in the
season of its glory, is a desolation. There are more
than forty villages on the island, all of which have
suffered more or less, and of which nuu are utterly
destroyed. A great number of the inhabitants were
killed, while still more were wouuded. The villa
gers, deprived of both houses and provisions, wan
der about, in tho open fields aud subsist as they
are able. The villuge of Kiaada, built upon a p ain
and surrounded with vineyards and olive yards,
contained three thousand houses, of which two hun
died and fifty were completely demolished and two
thousand rendered uninhabitable, while the remain
der are in a deplorable condition and demand in
stant repairs. Four persona only perished, for the
reason that some days before tho laborers had left
the village; otherwise there must have been a
greater destruct ion of life.
All the islands in the Archipelago felt the sho< k,
but some did not suffer any thing, while in Stalchi
forty houses were destrayed, with some of the in
habitants killed and others wounded ; and in Scur
peates about eight hundred houses were thrown
down and whole families buried under their ruins;
and ill C’apsos, containing five villages, three were
utterly destroyed andtwenty persons killed. Ou the
continent, near aud opposite to Rhodes, a mountain
tumb’ed in pieces, and the trees upon it were car
ried into tin; open sea.
Besides this, the seu itself gave evident signs of
feeling the shock. The captains of vessels, coming
in different directions, agreed in affirming that at
the moment of the shock they thought their vessels
had run aground. An Austrian steamer, which ar
rived the next day from Alexandria, at the distance
of seventy miles from Rhodes received so violent a
shock that the captain, thinking the steamer bad
struck a rock, ordered the engine to be stopped,
while for a moment the greatest panic prevailed on
board. Another steamer entering the port from
Smyrna, at the very moment of the earthquake,
experienced the same effect. and, unless the captain
had instantly ordered the engine to be reversed, the
lulling walls of the tower of the Angels, situated at
the entrance of tho port, would have come tumbling
upon his boat.
Many parts of the city walls, which are as yet
standing, are clocked and ready to fall, and, unless
immediately repaired by tbe Government, ’will
bring down new destruction. The inhabitants, kept
in fear of the repitition of the shocks, are in a state
of utmost anxiety, many of them being without
houses, and others without houses or provisions,
and a great numberof others in extreme misery and
destitution.
But this is not, the entire record of the calamities
of ill fated Rhodes. About ten days since a more
terrible disaster still occurred. The first came from
beneath, the second was from abeve, aud both
equally beyond the control of human power. A
large powder magazine was situated near the
church of St. John’s, which was also the Turkish
Quarter. A thunder storm burst forth, the lightning
ashed, a stream penetrated the magazine, a/l ex
plosion followed, which demolished many of the re
maining houses aud St. John's foundation stones ;
while, worse than all, it. is reported that seven hun
dred Turks perished. Travellers inform me who
stopped a few days in the harbor as they came down
in the last steamer that little is now to be seen of
this beautiful city but frightful heaps of i uins.
Kudos suit!
Great Discovery at Niagara Falls. —A fine
harborofHome two hundred and fifty acres has been
discovered immedialely above the rapids and be
low the old Seiilosst-r bar. As much more cun be
dredged out at small expense, giviiig a depth of ten
to fourteen feet water. Heretofore vessels could
only come down on the American aide to the oid
store house some two miles above the Falls. A pier
is to be run out above the Goat Island bar soi 1 about
half a mile into the river, and the upper bar so cut,
that vessels of twelve feet draft can go through aud
down to the mouth of the great canal. This discove
ry has open* d a geological wonder to the people in
Western New York, and it will prove a great com
mercial blessing to that community. Ills expected
that navigation will be opened by the first of July
for all class vessels.
Boston and Providence Railroad. — The re
port of the Directors of the Boston and Providence
Railroad to the stockholders presents a very satri
factory view of the operations of the company fi r
the past year, showing that the receipts of income
during the year amounted to $632,227, it being an
increase of $73,555 over those of the proceeding
year. It stales also the working expenses of the
year at $337,375, it being a reduct urn, compared
with the amount expended the preceding year, of
$25,811, showing an amount of net earnings, after
paying the expenses together with the interest on
bonds and notes, of $282,519, it bein"- anincrenfe
over the net income of the preceding year of $99,
366.
Frozen Statues. —Madame de Stael said that
“statuary was frozen music." She probably never
had, however, in her minds eye, a glimpse of what
a young Vermonter, 19 years old, named Mead, has
been doing, during the present frigid season. This
genius, with but slender opportunities for cultiva
ting a remarkable artistic talent, has been astonish
ing the natives about the fork in the road, near the
Asylum, Brattleboro’, Vt. During the night before
Christmas, by the light of a lantern, young Mead
constructed of blocks of frozen snow, on which wa
ter had been poured, a statue of beauty, which ge
ntus alone could form or conceive. The figure is
said to represent a beautifully sculptured figure of
the Godaess of Fame, rather largei than life size.
The design indicates decided genius. Fame ha
just recorded the past year’s history. Her right
hand, still grasping the pen, ha 3 fallen carelessly to
her side, while her left hand, holding her tablet, rest
upon her knee ; her attention for the moment be
ing engrossed w’ith passing and changing object
yet to he recorded. Close scrutiny is necessary t<»
detect the fact that the a hole figure U made of snow
and ifXj while the tablet and pen are but pieces of
an old cigar box. The curiosity is reported tj have
attracted a number of visitors.
Protection from Fire.— Having witnessed on
yesterday a fire test of Warren’s Improved Fire
and Water Felt and Composition Roofing, on the
grounds adjoining the Depot of the North Eastern
Railroad Company, we are prepared to ;ay that the
test was an successful as any one could have wished.
The roof experimented upon was erected two day
previous, end after building a fire on the top, which
burnt for fifteen minutes, the bailing was tired by
placing shavings and lightwood in and around it,
and it burnt for three-quarters of an hour before it
was destroyed ; the roof then fell in a body to the
ground, and to all appearance uninjured, though II
ad been perfecly enveloped in flame n°arly the
whole time, and the roof boards were burnt to a
coal. Everything else was completely consumed.
Th s severe and practical test of the superior qoah
tie*of roofing material appeared to give general
satisfaction to all who witnessed the result.
Among those present who witnessed the above
test was a committee of the City Council, the Chief
of the Ifbord of Fire Masters, G, A. Bowman, Esq.,
the Chief of Police, J. M. Harleston, E*q.. and va
rious others, who were interested in the matter —
Char. Cour.
Prof. Sandener, say*the Revue Medicare, makes
known the following febrifuge, much in vogue
among the Greeks, which even the physicians tin rn
selves do not hesitate to resort to m those cases that
will not yield to quinine. It consists m the mixture
of half a table spoonful of freshly roasted coffee with
lemon juice. This mixture is to be taken immedi
ately before tbe probable invasion of the cold stage,
then the usual methods for procuring perspiration
are to be employed Usually the hot stage will be
entirely wanting, aud the febrile paroxysm will not
last more than half an hour.
Correspondence of the Bouton Traveller.
The Tower of Rube!.
Uf.i r«> r, December 8,1856.—1 tis nearly two
yourh since i!\a.t 1 informed your readers of the
grand and instructive discoveries In aucient Nine
>» n, made by Mr. Place, the French Consol in
ilosul. r ohowing up the researches of Mr. Botta
and Mr. Bayard, lie brought to light monumeuts of
tlmt long entombed city, which equally amazed
and delighted the world. A man of genius and on
tliusmam, he was encouraged by his successes to ex
tend hie researches, which he now closes with au
achievement which, it his opinions shall be verified
will add un perishable lustra to his name. The Tow
er ot 1 label was supposed to exist ouly as a Biblical
souvenir—a thing of memory and not of substance
And, indeed, to many who contemplated it only in
its audacity and tolly, it seemed a myth or a fauev
only ot Oriental imaginativeness or supersti
tion. Besides, no locality was assigned to the
structure, except the great plain of Shiuar, and no
debris or ruins remained as the proof of its veritabl
reality.
How sttprisiug, then, its discovery, if discovery
it shall prove—that Titanic structure whose base
"'as laid in the earth, yet soaked with the waters
ot the flood, and whose summit wus designated to
pierce the very heavens 1 And why not discovered ?
Nineveh lias yielded up its secrets after a burial of
long centuries. Babylon, onoe the glory of the
Chaldean a excellency, has opened her gates again
—if not to her Persian besiegers, at least to the
living generation of all races—and in her cylinder
books offers her history to the world’s inspection
U hat remained for discovery in the wreck and ruin
of tlic Old World but Babel, that mighty tower,
which was designed to pierce the skies, and defy a
second deluge ! If it seems too much for belief,
what should be thought incredible when Nineveh
and Babylon are brought back to the land of living
by a sort of resurrection, and their monuments of nit
are travelling through the nations to amaze and
delight mankind /
Besides, there is n providence to be traced in
these discoveries. They sene not only to arouse
but to instruct; they not only gratify the curiosity'
but establish beyond all doubt and controversy the
veracity and inspi ution oftlio Sacred Records
The light of pure Christianity begins to beam upon
Hie early seats of the human race : it is meet that
it should be met by the liglitof the remotest anti
quity.
The substance of the information which has just
been eireu at. d relating to the discovery of the Tow
er ot liabel, 1 will give ill a few words, expecting
soon to receive fuller details, ut tile same time re
marking (hat the French Consul General of Beirut,
Mr. Ressaps, has received various cm ions articles
which were found in the tower which I hope soon
to see and describe. I think rey hand, if not my
heart, wilt fairly tremble if once it takes hold of the
shovels, the trowels, and the hods used by those old
murons and builders.
Tim village of Aibela, bo lammia in history for the
decisive Imltle fought near it by Darius and Alexan
der, in only a lew days’ journey‘from Mosul, to which
Mr. 1 'liter, wearied with the monotonous wonders
of Ninoveh, Bet otl witbjiis nocußtnmed enthusiasm
in search of new discoveries, in a region celebrated
in classical history. On his way an {incident occur
red, which proves tonlmt a degreetho statements
of history respecting the locality are the simple
truth. The escort oi Mr. Place dismounted when
they reached the field of Aibela, following the ex
ample of the Consul, who wished to study the bat
tle-field , aud this he was obliged to do standing, as
Turklsh etiquette permits no one to remain seated
. in hia saddle. Soon, however, he mounted again,
m order to scour the plain, mid the P3cort did the
same, except a single Turk of enrriuoui proper
lions, who followed on foot, puffing and bathed In
sweat. Mr. Place, pitying‘him for his sad plight,
asked him if he did this breauso he preferred walk
lug lo riding.
“By no means,'’ replied the 1 urk ; “but lam
unable to remount my horse, because I need the
help of a stone in order to regain lny stirrup, aud
who can find a single stone in all the plain of (liu
gaiueliu I"
Now it is well known l hat Darius employed three
hundred thousand men for many days in leveling
this plain and breaking whuteverwould interpose
an obstacle to his cavalry and chariots of war. In
the centre ol the old battle field of Ai bela rises a
hill of ooloesal dimeusiniM, whose object the party
vainly conjectured, thinking ii might boa tomb, or
a triumphal monument, or mor.- likely both. ITn
fortuuately they hud nut time to examine ii nor the
appliances necessary for exploring it.
Passing on, Mr. Place and his party nl length
discovered what they believed to be nothing less
than the veritable remains of the Tower of Babel
tire wonder of wonders, and the grandest spectacle
eyes ofmen can contemplate in this age
of the world. The proud tower, which was built in
defiance of Heaven, arid aimed to pierce the very
skies, lias lost, in file course of ages, its cloud reach
ing elevation. Six of its eight stories have fallen
and crumbled into dust , lint the two which remain
are so high Hurt they may be seen for fifty or sixty
miles around. The Imse of the tower is quadrangu
lnr, and each side about six hundred feet long. The
tower is made of bricks of the purest clay and of a
white color, which is a little shaded with a yellow
tint. Under nclear sun, and as a whole, this an
cient monument of human skill and during presents
a line blending of colors which sets the painter s
pallet at detiaucc. Before being baked, the brick
had been covered with characters traced with the
accuracy of the hand of a writing master. Near
the top of the letters t lie si might strokes were adorn
ed with nourishes resembling the heads of nails. All
wasnea*, regular and severe ; and indeed those
who saw those specimens of ancient calligraphy af
firm that the fathers of the human luce wrote a bet -
ter hand than their children.
Another curious fact arrested the attention of the
exploring party. The sacred record runs thus .
“And it came to pass as they journeyed from th»
East that they found a pluiu in tho valley of Shiuiir,
and they dwelt there. And they snid one to anoth
ei —Uo to, let us make brick, aud burn them tho
roughly; and they had brick for stouo, (or instead
of stone,) and slime had they lor mortar.' Modern
sceptics may ask, where could those builders obtain
all this bitumen? for a van; quantity must huve been
demanded to meet the wants of so many trowels.
It is a singular coincidence that Mr. Place discover
ed a fountain at a small distance from the tower,
whoso waters (low in sucli abundance as almost to
form a river. The stream would force ils way into
a river in the vicinity, did not the people hasten to
stop it by sotting the bituminous flood ou fire,
wlieu they tranquilly wait, till the fire is extinguish
ed for the want of alimeut. Thus tho old fountain
still pours out inexhaustible quantities of bitumen,
or slime, which supplied these old builders in their
vust enterprise. Bitumen iilsoadds to the durabili
ty of bricks, as well as firmly consolidates them in
masonry. Could anything be udded to the marvel
of the coincidences f Tlius travels and expeditions
in Assyria become Bililieal corrollaries, and new
proofs are never wauling of old truths.
Among tile interesting discoveries of Mr. Pines
were certain inscriptions on fillets of gold, silver aud
copper, and also upon a metal now unknown, aud
which has somewhat of the appearance of ivory.
It has been submitted to lbs experiments of au in
intelligent metallurgist, aud its qualities will soon
be ascertained.
Some very curious photographs, taken by the ex
pedition, completed their labors, one of which was
of the ruins of the palace of the famous Qaecn Se
niimmis. This ancient monument, situated on the
height of a mountain raised by the hands of men,
overlooks the awlnl solitudes which surround Luke
Van—a body of water six or seven times larger
than Lake (b-nevn.
If is not strange that a gentleman who had seen
and handled some of the articles broaghtf from the
Tower of liable by Mr. Place should be excited as
be .says he was : “In relation to arch geological news
1 take the liberty to inform you that l have just seen
the oldest things of the Old World. Indeed, Ido
not know that 1 should be more surprised by Being
the fragments of the ark itself. Fancy to yourself
that I have just touched und held in my hand, and
turned and turned again in every way, a little mor
ceau of the Tower ot Babel 1 This trinket of moul
ded clay, illustrated and baked by the eons of Noah,
has passed from the plain of Shinar to the chapel of
St. Mosniin, and is the fruit of the strokes of the
hammer in the hand of Mr. Place, our learned and
enterprising Consul, to whom I am indebted fora
sight at this precious little relic, about which cluster
so many grand souvenirs.’*
I will only add, that if your readers wish to obtain
a distinct and accurate idea of the region reterrod to,
in which lies the battle field of Albela, and the
plain of Shinar, they should open their atlas and
survey the country between Mosul on the Tigris,
and Lake Van, southeast of Mount Ararat. It was
very natural that the sons of Noah, descending from
Ararat, should commence their agricultural labors
in the fertile and well-watered plains of Shinar, ly
ing to the east, where, in terrible remembrance of
the flood, they vainly and impiously attempted a
work which should protect them from the recur
rence of the disaster. Recently, I met an English
gentleman. Major Frazer, who belonged to the staff
of General Williams, the hero of Kars, who, with
three or four other Englishmen, had gained the sum
mit of Mount Ararat—the first feat of the kind since
the children of Noah descended from it. Thus, by
a singular coincidence, about the same time, the
acred summit was reached wlieie the ark rested,
and the towei discovered which wus erected on the
plain ut its base.
Glass and its Phenomena. —The elasticity of
glass exceeds that of almost all other bodies. If two
glass balls are made to strike each other at a given
force, the recoil, by virtue of their elasticity, will be
nearly equal to their original impetus. Connected
with its brittleness are some very singular tacts.—
Take a hollow sphere, with a hole, and stop the hole
with the finger, so as to prevent the external and
internal air from communicating, and the sphere will
Hy to pieces by the mere heat of the hand. Vessels
made of glass t hat have been suddenly cooled possess
the curious property of being able to resist hard
blow's given to them flow without, but will be in
stantly shivered by a small particle of flint dropped
into their cavities. This property seems to depend
upon the comparative thickness of the bottom ; the
thicker the bottom is the more certainty of breakage
by this experiment.. Some of these vessels, it is
stated, have resisted the stroke of a mallet given
with sufficient force to drive a nail into w'ood; and
heavy bodies, such as musket balls, pieces of iron,
bits of w'ood, jasper, stone, &.C., have been cast into
them from a height of two or three feet withont any
effect, yet a fragment of flint not larger than a
j>ea dropped from three inches height has made them
Hot Water for Hot sic Flants.— A correspou
dent of the Boston Cultivator, writing of the mana
gement of house plants, says :
“The way to have healthy plants is to shorten in
all straggling growth, and remove every leaf and
flower as soon as the least sympton of decay is per
ceivable, washing them occasionally with very warm
water from the fine rose of a watering pot held high
above them, thus giving them the benefit of a warm
shower at any time or place.”
“But the thing of all others the most important,
is to water them with fist water at all times; yes,
hot to the touch, even beysnd what is supp sed to
be prudent until after experiment—and it is only
necessary to watch the result on the health and vig
or of the plants, especially when in blooni. to be
convinced of the value of this ‘grand specific.’
The wi ter says he has fuchsias now in bloom, mere
cutting about six inches in height, not one failing
out of seven, or ev**n more, cuttings planted in a
single pot and watered with hot water. — Rural A.
York* rr Drc. c 27lh.
An Artful Miser.—Some time ago a gentleman
called upon a certain nobleman, a very wealthy ana
inordinately mean character, and found him at the
breakfast table, quite alone, and doing his utmost
to catch a fly which was buzzing about the room.
“What the deuce are you about,” demanded the
astonished visitor, to whom the spectacle of an ola
man amusing himself by catching flies seemed very
singular, to say the least. “Hush!” exclaimed the
other, “Ihl tell you presently ” Alter many efforts,
the old fellow at last succeeded in entrapping the
flv Taking the insect curefully between his thumb
and forefinger, he put it into the sugar bowl and
quickly let the lid aver his prisoner. His visitor,
more annoyed than ever, knowing as he did the
avaricious character of the man before, repeated the
question, “i ll tell you," replied the miser, a tri
umphant grin overspreadiug his countenance as he
spoke, “I want to ascertain if the servants steal the
sug;ir.”
Improvement is Blasting Rocks. —A mode now
adopted »u blasting rocks consists in placing the
powder or charge withiu a tube or a case, between
two heads provided with suitable packing, and at
tached to a rod, by w hich arrangement the charge
is prevented from “blowing out,” or obtaining vent
in the direction of the liue of the hole m which the
tube and charge are placed, and the whole effect of
the charge is exerted against the sides of the tubes
or case. By this method It is represented that rocks
may be blamed w ith much greater facility than by
the ordinary mode, no tampering or packing of
clay being necessary to confine the powder within
the hole.