Newspaper Page Text
BY W.M. S. JONES
( IIKU.NK 1.1. A: H.Yll.Ahli.
TORMa SrC
1 H K W EEKEY
la Published every Wednesday
AT TWO DOLLAF.S PER Ai.'NX'M
if paid strictly in adTar.ce.
If SOT TAW WITHIS MX MOUTHS,
Two Dollar* and Fifty Cents Fer 1 1 r
TO CLUBS or INI>I\ IDIJALS L r
Dollars SIX copies’.. the pap-r » '»• e! ‘t f r "tie
year, thus furnish ng the paper ut t-’ 1 •
SIX COPIES FOR TEN DOLLARS,
or a free copy to all who may pr<" :
cribsrs, and forward us the money.
THE CHRONICLE & SEN . lEr.
DAILY AND TUI-WIJ KI.V,
Are also pubbriied si ’ ■ ’
aeribera at the fallowing ran J " fi:; ' .'
Daily Pats*
Tri-W*f.klt Pares
Term* of Advertising.
Th* WtEKi.r Seventy-five ce. p•' e'tJ'tt*
10 lines or 1 eat) for the fir-t in- rti a And i eentl
for each subsequent ipaerlinn
1857! THE 1857'
SOI TIIKRN Cl LTIVATOIi,
A MONTIII.V JDI i£NAI.,
iiEvoTto exclusively to the iuhiow.mi.nt of
Southern A%r>< ulturr, Bartiadtprt Stock Brruling,
Poultry. hta, Vwurttl To •» i. " 0 V
Illuatrated with Numerous Eicg.int Engravings.
ONE DOLLAR A YEAR IN' ADVANCE.
DANIEL LEE M D REDMOND. El tr yc*
Tiie ifteenth Volume wiii commence in
January, 185/
THE Cultivator is a lan- octavot.f thirty-two paifO",
forudua a volume Ol 384 pa*, a. Ihe.f
iiiiKh greater artlonnt of o.ato r t . . •• •
fijltural Journal oi the pjnntn-—«Mni>r.i< ti. • a »
alt tba rurrnnt a«ri< ultural •» tU
VALUABLE ORIGINAL UONIRIBL HONS
from in Buy of the ut and t"<“ ’■•••-./ 1’ • -r-.
Farmer*, and llortletiltttriats in every •■ • moftln ‘ uu*
and BoutLw«-»t.
TERMS
Our ('OPT, 1 year $1 \ <J * «*> ■- 1
Mix Com:* 1 “ •> 1 I <M '
The Cash Hthtkm will l»« riKidiy • d to, ai.*. >•.
no Inatanoa will th« paper b#; mil* - th*f u. ey •'>*•
<orni>aiiicM the order. The BilU 'd .»: j<» < h-paying
RanaarecoUed at par All i .'ie vr< r-i fr«- :by *'*•*<*.
».tagc paid, will heat tL«t ri-*k«it tiie i' ibJi.-;i*.*r-.
A d v«: r I i»«* me* Ml a
In sorted at ONE DOLLAR per . • "//*'■ " ' •
each Insertion , <»e square, i>
AddrMN VVJI. H. i-x.
ry* l’«noti> who will act a A/.nt and • -*:*» • v 'b
serm#*rs, will bo furnished with the p:i; ■ - , ' j '■
I'OK SALE.
'I'HK underslfned, bemgde ii .
;
the town of Warrenton Warren mi:.; . <
ol a Dwelling II- re, and L«<t I
Land Alio, bh Carriagej-« t ; J - - 5 «>*•
Lumber, and all hia stock, tog her
and unfinished work
from HAND to twenty thonsand dollars worth of
work can easily be di potted <•! at go- <J pm ■ at tliit
stand in twelve month«.
Person, writing to purchase, ar« n p<' tfully invited
call and examine for them el v«-«
r
■
Warrenton, Ha , June f», l w »fi. l <-< w tf
FOR SALE.
I NOW offer for salomyentn iCv. r BJ.A STATION,
or 30 mllep south of OolumbiM, in Hari.om
eoiiuty, Ala., lying <»n the ChaUaiiooi-lo e : *v« r, eoutaii.-
Ing acres, I*JOO in a line r.taio <•« cultivation and
good repair A good Water din and K< ry a<-ro . the
Chattahoochee river. The above will p,r t n.e ::f any
Jboe untH sold and possession given Term* to suit |u.
chasers. (janVM ts) MATTIIEW A t T
TO MEN OF TASTE AND CAPITAL.
fp HII
1 QoorgU. propose# to sell hi plai »near< - ng
n Vanns Valley, fh.yd «... , .m ~u ~r 317
acres, more or lea num .i.-l Ist . t n > -..Jc and • lotj
mostly of soil and surfa« e not to w.t ■< ■
cleared and niid*. k iti.lnr the .. generally
well liinbero<l. it ha. ••.•■al p... i ■ blue Lime
stone water, two constant str« u;u-. an ett«-ciivc watei
power without daruing, orchards of mmy w« il - le( t« «l
varieties, espeidaily ol apples, and a large and co.umodl
us Brick Dwelling, aurronn«led by tine r.i-en«*ry, ami
within a mile of the village, long noted tor Its «'»lu«utiona
advantages. All who have examined the pnnti-m, run
cur In the opinion that this place couiltun' tin* « 1 .u ntb
of beauty, fertility, convenience and In althfulims. ts» an
extout seldom, if ever, e<juallcd in this country. But
come and see for yourselves, and the character, location
and resources of the place can hardly fail to i fyyou
that it is a No. I article, not obje. t to the Hm tuutionr
fthemark«.t For term apply on the pri-innes
W*. 1). COWDREY.
CtereSpring Jnlj 10 - jyi.t-wtf
POWELTON MILLS TOR SALE.
AN the un<lenii|(n<‘'l i- dr-iron* to move Sou Hi wen
tern Georgia, he now otter* hi* MILLS and LAND
tor nalo. The Mill* nro himated on the Okcwlp . River
one and a half mile - from INnvolton, on ti e road to Cum
min* and Washington the!;., k »- i«g daily— has four
sets ol' runners, two wheat and two eorn. The UVmi
Mil has just Im .i» rootpleti l anew. The corn custom
win exceed that of any two mills on the river, .ml the
wheat custom will equal any one. Thehou . i. o situ
atedasto remain lit it and see the Saw and '.in- t Mills in
operation.
Tim Land lies in Hancock county, along tho
rivar and Powel's creek The Land contains 7M acres,
more or less, ami will equal any lam! in tho county it
producing com, wheat, cotton or other grain*. Those
wishing to buy, will call and see for themselves The
place is healthy and lias an excellent Well of water in
the yard ; in fact, no plantation is better fnmi lied with
good Springs of water COLUMHI SF. SHIVERS.
ray2B
Goods Foiwaided PfM ol ClUlXgil
AUGUSTA AND SAVANNAH RAILROAD
Attention i«calledtothisr. - i a a mea* of
communication with the Seaboard ami thence will
Northern Ports. There are now four I'lß'- r ( L ANS
STEAMSHIPS and Six Lines of I'a t Nailing \Y sels
riiuuing with regularity ami dispatch, bet w ecu New York
and Savannah , also a Steamship Line from l*hilndel
nhia, and Sailing Vessels from that port, Baltimore and
Bo*ton, mak'iig the communication between the North
ern cities and Savannah as reliable for CERTAINTY
AND SPEED, as that to any oilier Southern Port
This Road can expect only the business of Augusta.the
Towua and Counties along the line ot the Georgia Hail
road, and those Conn lies lying to tho North o! that U mi
Other Roads have a larger field of ope ratious that cannot
be neglected merely to secure so Hunted a trade a.
that to which we must alone give all our time . and
no competitor will be allowed, by superior attention, t<
deprive us of it, for it is our full determination toe. •uducl
It with that fidelity, dispatch and even *my, which i.ssuie
ultimately to gain ami retain It
A* regards Rates, they shall hr* as low ..* by anv «dhet
Road and in order to reduce all charge, to a tmuinmn.
rate, contract* for Drayage have already been cuteim
tutu at Savannah, and no one conn■•cted w ith the Roeeiv
ing and Forwarding has any other in*. i< . t than that «>t
seeing that ALLGHARGES are at tL lowest rates.
|"sP* By Railroad a saving of one quarter ot one per
rent eon be made in the Insurance between Northern
Ports aud Augusta
All Goods FORWARDED FRLK <>•' (OMMIS
SIGNS They Mhould be marked ' 1.1 caroo; the C. R R
Agent," Savannah.
Published by order of the Beard.
FRANCIS T. WILLIS, President.
July 1,1666. jy26
S4O REWARD.
UAN A WAV from the subscriber ou ith May, • \< r>i
Man uatued WASHINGTON, annul year* old.
five feet eight or nine inches high, weighing- ...
170 m* It to likely be m ill l ■
as ho rami way tw o years ago, and *!u\ « i n .d* . -<■:;%. !
Jali, Monroe county, Tennessee, at*. •. nine uv uhs .cud
would not tell who he belonged t ]•. la* iu mpanj
with turn a Negro Man belonging to M V, r Simp
named Felts, about JK) years old about 5 L- : • r It
Inches high, weighs about 160 or 170 »h* . both da»k com
plected. They wore lad seen near Lexingteu. Ogle
thorpe county. Go., with passes to go to Ohio, if they
arp taken, \\ a. hiugton will not tell 1 > owne* i- he con
help’t. Wo will pay the above reward to ex. ihv\- l
who will deliver them to u*. or put them in acme *af
Jail so that wo can get them ; or twenty c. liars .a oitht i
of them. WASHINGTON i. BRAN » LEY,
W. W SIMPSON
Oulverton Postofifice. Uauco.k cot*.- tv, (It
tr Kuo xv die Register copy lour t au i t\ rward
account to this office for paymeut. i y
$25 REWARD.
I WILL pay the abovn s.:m for th r approhen i n and
lodgment iu jail of my boy HV.HKY. Suonld hi
betaken at a distance ftva Aug* a, aud the pcrsoi
taking blia choose to bring him L. . I will pay, ui ad
ditlnn to the $95, all the neoi-. iary » rv-« - r..tending
hit delivery. Harry (Martinllsa first i cte Brick layer and
plaaterer. about 3 3 ears ed
aad weighs probably I ('s pounds H ■ goingabout the
country working on his own aoeonut vri; any au
th 'rity. He doubtless has a false 1: hot. lie claims a
wife at Mr. Greiner's uaar Sandersv i: <. and on* also at
Gov. Schley’s Factory. 1 have heard of his eing in
Burke, Jetfors 'u and Washington counties, and r.Ko o\ «m
u Osn'iiui All persons are hereby can Coned jigs •>
employing said boy, or any of my other mechanics, with
out permission from mo or tnv Age-.
myJS-wff JOHN H FITTKN, Augusta,Ga.
4,877,000 FEET OF LUMBEhT "
'IMUfe ia to certify that the A he. Nfoaui « >anv
1 ballt toutCIiUVI.AK s.\v, y.u.t.
we have sawed four mill; a eight hr... ir. la:-. % c;;ty
seven thousand feet of Lu. r, l ii n: :re. in It
mouths, or about
sawed from eleven to tw «*l\ e ,r .
WBSuppose the M;.l ha- bee i . * . • a*wi
time, two mouths, for want of log' . j.t! re
pairs, Ac. Your improvein.nu wo <\ u. 1 we ad
vise their use on a your Mills
Yours, respectfully, Wapt.vy a R> ■ TARV>.
77 Mae Pom, C. K. Feb y la. l ? .v
TVe think It unneoesaerr lo * . r lY.’will
build the wmrCIKC I’UK SAW .! 1 . s. ,1-mu: - . J..-1
In one piece.) with improved He t t
Gearing, to order; t gethor wit! Me*. 'NGINES au .
BOILERS Finished SHAFT* SO. mag ami Mil,
MACHINERY, PI MPB Ac. J
IXGB, ofeverv description Wrought 1 aW. • ,t !N
HIKING and REPAIRING prom:-;’\ s., . Vv
warrant all our work. Our F,« uriug and . Mll-l
PATTERNS with FENCING. BALCONY FANCY
HAILING, Ac., are the accumulation •>: v .. -
For aale low. one Six Horse ENGINE’ Twelve
Horae second hand ENGINE
Addreas REUBEN NICKERSON. A out,
Athens Steam Company, A the; - via
octffl-wfira
sjoke ward!
KANAWA \ * from the 5,.;." ~r > r ~ u Put
namcounty, near Merull, m A . ->t K<t mv Near,
Man FRANK He U* about 2d years . t, t K• u . n
chea high, of medium size. has a sl.ght iu-.j t C.iv.-
•peech. and has lost the sight of out eye. IK a .1, .
lu Virginia and has been in Georgia*’ :tv y»„
The above reward will be paid for his delivery to
or to any Jail so that 1 can got him.
Ua*wtf JOHN A HMIRIS
The Southern Recorder will putdish till form .. and for
ward account to this office for payment
S2O REWARD.
I WILL pay tbeabove reward tor the apprehension
and delivery to me, or the lodgement in any safe jail
in Georgia or South Carolina so: .at l can get u,:a, of a
Negro Man named WILLIAM 11 a s '., , a:.d B : :
Maker - ts crippled ;n his right leg is about 5 feet •, or
inches high, stammers iu talking ; of dark complexion
can read and write, and may have a * : -e: his own
writing Hi 4 father lives In Ora igeburg. an-.i h■« moth* r
at Shell Bluff. 1 purchased him from G ri-en AH- . K m
baok JOHN F SUTTON,
auifi-wtf Ray'.viiie. Ga.
AUGUSTA WORKS, AUGUSTA, GA T
T’HK l NDER?*T (.NED , having y hi. ex
JL tensive MACHINE SHOPS FOUNDRY lf\K
SHOP, with all the machinery attached to t. « ... Tc
toforo belonging to the Company k;. v
Machine Works.' are now prV-pa.. i * , » . '-.» v »
lor CAS TINGS. MILL GEAKI NO <;i\ • ,
MINING MACHINERY. STEAM 1 NvdM'.s *aud
BOILERS. SAW MILLS, complete SUAE i IXQ m
PULLEYS. RAILROAD CARS au-l IRoN>
BOAT MACHINERY’, aad every descr ;n : w rk
nsually made in first-cla.«s Machine S\ j.~. of Iron Hr >
or Wood. Orders for wwt, not sp«M
must be accompanied withca.-h dtp - *f 50» per cert
on the supposed value of the w ork ordered, and the re
mainder paid on delivery of the work, a’i let
ters on business to ' L. HOPKINS a C- >
PROPRIETORS:
Hh.vKT H. Clmmino. i Gao. W. Sl mmkhs,
W. M. D'Antic sac, j Robert Y. Hakki«.
ep3o-dAw€m LaKßkth Hopkins
NOTICE.
ridHE SUBSCKIBFIt offers to sell, rent or lease,
1 the well known LOUISVILLE HOTEL in Lou:,
vllle. Ga. The Hotel can be had tin first day ct Jan
uary, 1857, either by purchase, rent or lease, upon very
liberal terms. Apply to
octlo-8t E R CARSWELL. L uisville. Ga.
PHACTICF OF SURGERY.
DR. JUKI AH IIAhdIBS is prepared to accom
modatewith Lcxigings and Nursing, such patients as
may be directed to him for Surgical operations or treat
iti<BU MaatAre may be assured that their Serv&nu will
tveay attention. n^7-wly
Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel.
vLtjronirJc & Sentinel.
From the Sew <Jrleans Delia.
\,;.ci*• on ( ottos-sloffry—English .Mnanfar
lory.
SECOFSD PEOPOSmO.f.
j l H f r • n hitherto been grown, aDd aa far as
.ij-pe&ri*. muat continue to be grown, chiefly
by slave labor.
T c ; ip: of cotton i*t, h* has been atated, Bub
.. , • k in natural conditions, and compliance
Wit;, ?: -e, cr>mpliance ia tolerably
.j feet, seejii to exc’ude the ernployment of white
laborer- As a rule, the colored lalxirera employed
in the cotton-growing diatricts of the world, whence
the European supply of cotton haa hitherto been
/ lined, have been in a btate of alarery, and are
'i atement already given) of the eoarcee of
jjriE.-b supply at the time when the manufacture
.» n waa beginning to assume dimenaiona of
d’i al importance, anowa that three-fourthu of
.* supply waa then obtained from the British,
Ei*-ncii, hpameb, Dutch and Bortugeae Colonies,
tll fi ;; ~f which agricultural labor was performed by
-'ave-i exclusively. The very small quantity then
V.nined from the East Indies, through Oatend,
may be altegether dt-regarded. And the remainder
:--h than cue-fourth of the whole—obtained from
' myrna or '1 urkey, can scarcely be set down aa the
irui» « f free !aW.
Jn 1 H‘J l- 5-’b, thesonrcca of Supply w ere rnatc
cha .ged. But of the entire quantity thenim
i»*•::*-*i into Britain, the United States of America,
Bra/: and the West Indies, all using only slave la
bor in the culture of cotton, supplied seventy-nine
p.. r cent. Six and a half percent, came from Turkey
I-.id Egypt. nine per cent, from the East ludies, and
H e remainder from “all other countries,” ia about
live per cent, of the whole.
In ’ I~'s, eighty percent, of our supply came
from the United States and Brazil alone, and was
• i ar.v the produce of slave labor. Rut little of the
; j.rec ‘per cent, obtained from the Mediterranean can
!« ; Hot down as probably raised by free labor; and
nearly the whole of the remaining seyentoen per
cent.Vame from the East Indies.
In-hort, there is not, and never has been, any
considerable source of supply for cotton, excepting
t •• E v Indies, which ia not obviously and exclu
t-.vcly maintained by slave labor.
The value of the exception, as indicating a pro
bability of our ultimately obtaining even the greater
j tof our cotton without the us** of slave labor,
r-mains to be determined. Judging by what I have
been able to learn of the facts, I deem its value'but
Hinall. The (condition of the Ryot does not appear
to be such as to impart to his operations, either as a
laborer for hire, or aa an independent cotton-grower,
the productive advantages we are accustomed to
ciate with our idea of free labor. He seems to
be, in point «»f fact, little better than a slave. The
cotton of India does not hold aj high rank in the
European market, in point of quality. And the
price at which it can be imported does not admit of
its being brought into active competition in Europe
wit h cotton of similar quality from the slaveholding
countries of the West.
The personal inquiries of the late Mr. Mackay
who v.’tiH, a few years ago, deputed by the Cliam
b r-i of Commerce of Liverpool, Manchester, Black
burn ami Glasgow, to ascertain, in the cotton-grow
ing districts of the United States and of India,
whether the supply from India admitted of being
increased in quantity or reduced in price, led, obvi
ously, to a negative conclusion. He found that cot
ton from India entered the European market only
as supplementary to the American supply ; for that,
taking quality and price into consideration, it could
not be imported so cheaply ; and was received, in
any considerable quantity, only (1) when the Amer
ican supply failed, or (2) when the demand for con
sumption increased, and, from one or both of these
causes, the price rose materially above the average.
These are facts quite aa easily ascertained in the
European market aa in America or in India; and
they nave not been uttered aiuce Mr. Mackay made
h s report.
But that gentleman deemed it probable that the
-tale of things which had already obtained for India
ei it t.on mi occasional and temporary command of the
European market would, at no distant day, become
umre permanent, and transfer, in great part, to the
«.,tton growers of India the lucrative Office of sus
i . ijiiug the future growth of tho British cotton inan
ifacture He maintained tlmt the American plan
ters could not go on increasing their supply, year by
year, in proportion to a demand of so rapid growth
n. our.- ami t hat as soon as this became apparent
a permanent rise of price must take place sufficient
to bring new ami regular supplies into the market.
And that as India had long supplied the occasional
ietie ‘meiea ol the American crop, she would then
be enabled to compete, on at least equal terms,
with Am rica But this conclusion avowedly rested
upon two assumptions : (1) that the American sup
ply had been increased mainly by continual resort
to more fertile land, and (2) that this process was
about to be put an end to by the gradual exhaus
liot of the more fertile lands.
Now, neither of these assumptions has yet been
sustained by adequate proof. All analogy suggests
that capital, and skill in cultivation have, in cot
ton-growing, as in all else, during the last fifty
years, had a large share in increasing the produce
ion ol‘ American cotton. That skill in the selection
of new soils has had a share in the same result is
equally probably. Os capital, and of skill in culti
vation, there will probably be as much in the time
to cornu its in the time past. Whether the requi
*ii •• soil will fall short is another question, and one
not easily answered. We have abundant evidence
that tli * ndative productiveness of cotton planta
tions is dependent, in a great measure, upon vari
ous local circumstances; as elevation, temperature,
moisture, nature of soil, and proximity to the sea ;
out we have no evidence whatever that the soil
ing t • requisite qualifications, within tin*
present or probable limits of the American Union,
is all, or Hourly all, exhausted or occupied.
Nor doe* the relation between the American cot
ton crop and the British consumption of cotton, du
img tho last twenty years, warrant the apprehen
sion that the former cannot be increased so fast as
the latter. The following is the British statement
ot the quantity of cotton imported into the United
Kingdom during this period :
1830 100,959,000 bales
1837 107,280,000 “
183 s 507,850,000 “
183'* 389,396,000 “
ism 592,488,000 “
1811 487,992,000 “
1812 581,750,000 “
1813 673,193,000 “|
1844 .646,111,000 “
1815 721,979,000 “
is p, 467,856,000 “
1817 174,707,000 “
ISJS 713,020,000 44
IS-ju* .755,469,000 44
1850 663,576 000 44
1851 757,379*000 44
1852 929,782,000 “
1N53 895,278.000 «•
1851 887,333,000 “
1855 891,752,000 44
And the American statements of the amout of the
crops raised in the United States, in the correspond
ing twenty years, each year ending 31st August, is
as follows :
1836- 1,422,000 bales
1837- ...1,801,000 “
1838- 1,360,000 44
1839 40 2,177,000 44
IS 10-l 1,634,000 44
1841- 1,683,000 44
1842- 2,378,000 44
1843- 2,030,000 44
IX4I-5 2,394,000 44
18 45-6 2,100,000 44
1840-7 1,778,000 “
1817- 2,374,000 44
1818- 2,728,000 44
18 49-50 2,096.000 44
1850- 2,355.000 44
1851- 3,015,000 44
1852- 3,202,000 44
1853- 2,930.000 44
1854- 2,847,000 44
1855- *3,527,000 “
In the lirst of these tables the average of the first
three years is to that of the last three years as 1527
to 3101; and in the second table the relation is as
440 to S;»l. Each is a little more t lian doubled. The
Vinci icon supply forms so large a proportion of all
\v< import that’fluctuations iu one must be accom
panied by something like corresponding changes iu
the other*. But we have other sources of supply ;
and here we find that for twenty years the crop
raised in the United States has grown steadily with
our demand. The price also is lower and steadier
now thau it was twenty years ago. In October of
each of the years referred to. Bowed Georgia cotton
was thus quoted in England :
d. d. d. d.
1835 9 to 111 %> ffi. 1854 51 to 61 *> lb.
1836 1 1 to 111 *■ 18,>4..... .5 to 4 * 1
1837 5} to 7j “ 1856 sto 7 J 44
It appears, then, that cotton has hitherto been
gi own, aud, as far as yet appears, must continue to
be grown, chiefly by slave labor.
THIRD PROPOSITION.
That, for the last fifty years, Great Britain, seeking
her supply of cotton all over the earth, with a
preference, during a great part of that period,
ter the produce of free labor, has yet received,
during the whole of that period, and continues
to receive, all the cotton she imports, of the
better qualities, and by far the greater part,
cl all she imjauts, in bulk, a* well as iu value,
from countries in which it is grown by slave
labor.
lu the ten years. 1801-10, the whole quantity of
i otton wool imported into the United Kingdom was,
in round numbers, 59*2 millions of pounds, (a) In
the same ten years we imported from the United
States *263 millions of pounds, (b) or forty-four per
cent, of the whole.
In the next ten years. 1811 *2O, our commerce
"itii the I'nir-ed State* was, for two years, stopped
bv war. We imported 1004 millions of pound-, (c)
ud obtained 418 millions, or nearly half of it from
the United States, (d)
In 1821-30 the total importation was ‘2OOB mil
ana Liu- United Slates share of it was seven
ty <>ne per rent. <e)
In IS3l—4owe imported, in all, 3,873 millions of
ounds, and took seventy nine per cent, of it from
tin United States, f)
In 1841-50 the whole quantity imported was 6335
in. ions of pounds, and from the United States 4985
md ho ns. or seventy eight per cent. ( f
And in the five years lSol-55, when we imported
< *6l millions of pounds, we obtained St 24 millions,
or seventy eight per cent, of it from the United
States, (t)
During a gr eat part of this period we gave a deei
ai d preference to the produce of tree labor.
I nth 1 7 I .*B we levied no import duty on cotton.—
the duties then imposed were l*2s 6a per 100 lbs.
), a I>ra2 ’ l -hau. 8s 9d on Went ludian. 6s 6d on Ame
' per cent, ad valorem on East Indian.—
i-% w afterwards tiie cotton of the
irom fo v °red: and the cotton
lroin.i-u quaittrhns during the whole period in
1 lc ’ “if 4 , 8' part of all that has
been :i.-*«-rted to be raised bv fret* labo»*
Iu ia«3 an uniform duty of lti* Sd pe'r 100 ft* was
.:up. ■. a U ost . Indian. American and East In
man C otton, and 2os on Braziihau.
These duties were but slightly altered down to
1815. when an uniform duty of 8s 7d per 100 tb*.
wimposed on all these descriptions.
Nome further changes, favorable to East Indian
. took place between 1815 and 1833, and the
duties were then settled at 4d per cwt. on cotton
from British possessions, and 2s. lid per cwt on
: reign. Excepting the general increase of 5 per
cent on nearly all custom' duties, made iu May,
iMO, these duties remained unchanged till they
'VH e ail repealed in March, 1845.
From 1828 to 1845. then, the differential duty in
: - vor of the cotton ot East Indian growth was con
.'.derable. And though circumstances did not favor
‘i.e maintenance of a heavy duty as a means of dis
couraging slave labor, there can be no reasonable
d« übi that the Legislature, during that period, gave,
aa i meant to give, some degree of encouragement
to tae growth of cotton in our own tropical pos
.•< t"iunß, and, therefore, bv labor either then free
«»r intended shortly to be so.
Tufit such encouragement did not fprevent the
planters of the United States and Brazil gradually
increasing the proportion of our total supply receiv
ed from them till it amounted to more than four-
New \ork Shipping Commercial List l?th
September, 1856.
ia) Marshall’s Digest, 1833.
W iv.kin s Statistical Vim of the Commerce of
the L nited States, 181,.
•C) Marshall.
12xt-33 i:kin ’ Mar “ Lall ' anJ lhe Revenue Tabled,
(e) Revenue Tables, 1820 33.
If; Revenue Tables for the years in question
| fittlw. in quantity alone, the facts alrea'ly stated
amply prove.
j .the descriptions of cotton which bear the
nghest price in the market—which possess the
I greatest value in a given weight—are also supplied,
almost exclusively, by the United States, is a fact
apparent on the face of every price current in which
cotton has a place.
FOURTH PROPOSITION.
That cotton is grown in the United States exclusive
ly' by slave labor.
The chief cotton mowing States are South Caro
lina, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee. Mississippi,
Louisiana and i lorida. These are all slaveholding
States, and in 1860 contained 1,942,966 of the en
tire number of 3,204,313 slaves then within the
Union.
There are three other States which grow cotton,
but in less quantities. These are Virginia, North
Carolina, and Arkansas. These contained, in 1850,
808,176 slaves.
Os the twenty-one other States, sixteen may be
said to have been in 1850, non-slaveholding: no
slaves being returned in fifteen of them, and in the
remaining one (New Jersey) only 236. And the re
maining five—Delaware, Maryland,Kentucky, Mis
souri and Texas—together with the District of Co
lumbia arid the Territory of Utah, contained the
rest of the slave population ; about 453,000 in num
ber.
The chief cotton growing States are also the chief
slaveholding States. Ail the States in which cotton
is grown as an article of commerce have a slave
population so large in proportion to the whole as.
practically, to exclude the white population from
such labor in the field as is required in the culture of
cotton. And though no evidence more direct and
of a strictly stntististical character can be offered of
tne fact, it hardly admits of a reasonable doubt that
this proposition is true, and that cotton is grown in
the United States exclusively by slave labor.
FIFTH PROPOSITION.
That two-thirds, at least, of the slave population of
the United States, is employed in raising cotton for
exportation.
Os the proportion of the slave population employ
ed in raiding cotton or maintiiued, directly and in
directly, lor the supply of the cotton demand for
slave labor in the United States, we have no direct
evidence. The circumstantial evidence which seems
to me to support this proposition may be arranged
under four heads :
I. The pre-eminence of the cotton culture among
the industrial occupations of the slave States.
11. The increase of the slave population in rela
tion to the increased production of cotton.
111. The distribution of the increase of the slave
population with reference to the localities in which
tho cotton is grown.
IV. The relation between the quantity of cotton
produced for exportation, and the number of slave
laborers required to produce it.
J. With exceptions not worthy of notice, the en
tire slave population is found in the Southern States,
and cotton is grown only in those States.
The industry of these States ia almost wholly
agricultural, and their exportable produce is all ag
ricultural. Its three principal items are cotton, to
bacco and rice ; and these include so large a share
of the whole of the exportable produce of the South
ern States, that the remainder may for the present
purpose be disregarded.
YVe have no means of distinguishing very precise
ly the value of the exports from the Southern States,
in the general account of the exports of the country,
as published by the United States Government.
But the three articles, cotton, tobacco and rice, are
raised only in the Southern States, so are properly
referred exclusively ty them.
The rice exported from the Union in 1803, which
was what, might be termed an average year, was
valued at, $2,455,000.' In the year ending June 30,
1851, the corresponding value was $2,171,000. Here
there was an increase of value.
Tobacco was, in the earlier years of the century,
grown chiefly in two of the Southern States—Vir
ginia and Maryland—aud it is still grown almost
wholly in that district of the Union, (d) Aud that
the value of the exports has not increased greatly
during the last half century, is apparent in a com
parison of the value of those of 1803 with those ot
1851; at the first period $6,209,000, and at the second
$9,219,000. (c)
It is obvious, then, that the enormous additional
supply of slave labor raised within the Southern
States during the last fifty years, has not found pro
fitable employment in the production of either rice
or tobacco.
The cotton exported from the United States in
1803, iu which year the quantity was above an ave
rage of the years preceding and following, was 41
millions of pounds, (c) Iu 1851 the corresponding
quantity was 927 millions of pounds, or considerably
more than twenty fold.
Finally, the cotton exported now forms,regularly,
more than half iu value of the entire exports of the
United States.
11. The increase of the slave population, iu tho
whole Union, is shown in the following figures :
NUMBER OF SLAVES.
In 1800 893,041
In 1810 1,191,364. increase iu 10 yrs., 34 per ct.
In 1820 1,538,064, do do 29 do
In 1830 2,009.031, do do 31 do
In 1840 2,487,355, do do 24 do
In 1850 3,204,313, do do 28 do
The increase in the seven States (South Carolina,
Georgia. Tennessee, Mississippi. Alabama, Louisi
ana, and Florida) which grow the most cotton, lias
been much more rapid :
NUMBER OF SLAVES
In 1800 222,628
ln-jxio 397.866, increese in 10 yrs. 78 per cent
In 1820 631,995, do do 58 do
In 1830 982,832, do do 55 do
In 1840 1,433,953. do do 46 do
In 1850 1.942,966, do do 35 do
The United States abolished the slave trade sim
ultaneously with ourselves, in 1807. But it is not
improbable that, for the first ten years (1800-T0),
some considerable addition was made to tho slave
popula' ion from this source.
The increase, during tho same period, of the quan
tity of cotton grown in the United States, may be
inferred from the following data:
On the 29th of February, 1836, the lion. Levi
Woodbury, Secretary of the Treasury, addressed to
the Speaker of the House of Representatives a com
munication containining some elborate “Tables
and Notes on tho Cultivation, Manufacture and
Foreign Trade of Cotton,” and, from these, it ap
pears that the quantity of cotton grown in the United
States, according to the best available estimates,
was :
In 1800 35 million of pounds.
In 1810 85
In 1820 160 44 44
And in 830 350 44 44
For the subsequent decennial periods we have
the current estimates of tho crops published in the
United States annually. According to the avenge
of the crops of the three years 1838-9, (ending 31st
August, 1830,) 1839-40 and 1840-1, was 1,72 4,000
bales; and the corresponding average for the three
vears 1848-9, 1849-50, and 1850-1, was 2,393,000
bales.
The weight of the bale of cotton as made up in
the United States lias been gradually increaing du
ring the greater part of the fifty years in view, with
the increasing facilities for close packing, and the
inducement to economize freight by reducing a given
weight to the smallest practicable bulk. (See note
on ‘ The weight of the Dale of cotton at various pe
riods. ") Assuming that the average weight of t lie
bale, in the United States, was in 1840 about 380
pounds, and in 1850 about 450 pounds, the average
crop may be taken.
In 1840 at 655 million of pounds
And in 1850 1077 44 44
111. As has been stated, the principal cotton
growing States are seven in number. Five only of
these States (South Carolina, Georgia. Tennessee,
Alabama and Mississippi,) (a) were included in the
Union in 1800, or therefore appeared in the census
of that year. These then contained a total of 222,-
628 slaves. In 1860 there weie iu these five States
1,658,847 slaves. Adjoining these were there also,
iu 1850, the two other chief cotton-growing Stutes
(Louisiana and Florida,) containing 284,119 slaves.
Two other States growing cotton, but less exclusive
ly so, (Virginia and North Carolina) included in the
Union in 1800, and containing, at that date, a slave
population of 479,092, had, in 1850, one of 761,076.
And Arkansas, a new State, falling into tho same
category, had, in 1850, a slave population of 47,100.
There were, in 1850, twenty-one other States in
the Union. From the list of these, for a reason
shortly to be stated, 1 exclude Kentucky. The re
maining twenty had, in 1800, a slave population of
145.023, and in 1850 one of 238,477.
More clearly, the results may be stated thus :
The seven States in which the growth of cotton is,
beyond all comparison, the principal occupation of
the inhabitants had, in 1800, only 222,628 slaves,
and in. 1850 they had 1,942,966, showing an addi
tion of 1,720,338, or seven hundred and seventy
three per cent.
In three other States, also growing cotton largely,
but less exclusively, there was an increase of 329,084,
or sixty-eight per cent, in fifty years.
In the rest of the Union, excluding Kentucky, the
number added was 93,454, or sixty-four per cent, in
fifty years.
The whole increase of the slave population, in
the fifty years, was from 893,041 to 3,204,313, an ad
dition ot 2.311,272, or two hundred aud fifty-nine
pet cent. And as the United States abolished the
Have trade simultaneously with ourselves, in 1807,
and the census of 1810 shows an increase of only
t irty-four per cent, in the preceding ten years, it
is obvious that this large increase must have been
derived, during the fifty years, almost entirely
from au excess of births over deaths within the
Union.
The amount of this excess may afford ground for
suspecting that the physical conditio'* of the slave
population has not been, on the whole so unhappy
as it has sometimes been stated to be. This, how
ever, forms no part of the present question.
It is apparent that the slave population, while in
creasing thus rapidly, has had its increase distribut
ed mainly with reference to the production of cot
ton.
A similar process has been going on. during the
same period, in Great Britain, with reference main
ly to the manufacture of the same article. The
general increase of the population es the Island
during the fifty years, has been about one hundred
per cent. But upon an area of about *220,000 acres
surrounding Manchester, the increase during the
same period has been 235 per cent, and iu Man
chester and fifteen other towns included in this area,
the innrease (of town population alone) has been
320 per cent, (a)
Here we have brought to view, of sustaining, in
directly, both now aud through the fifty years iu
view, the rapid extension of the cotton culture, the
slave population of some of the States in which
cotton is grown but little or not at all. During the
whole of this period the slave population of the more
Northern slaveholdiug districts has beeD gradually
diminishing. Manumission has done something, and
migration southwards has done mo: e, to effect this.
Also, during the last thirty years, slaves have been
systematically reared in several of these States for
transmission to those further South.
Kentucky appears to be the chief breeding State
of the Union, and hence I have excluded it in par
ticular from the list of those not taking a prominent
part in the growth of cotton. Virginia, and all the
more Northern of the slave States, undoubtedly par
took in this traffic. Os the slave population ot* Ken
tucky, which in 1800 was 40,343. and in 1850 was
210,981, a large proportion maybe justly held to
have been brought into existence, aud to be main
tained. with a view to the production of cotton.
And some proportion of the slave popuiaron of iev
erai of the adjoining States might, no doubt, with
propn-ty be added on the same score.
irwE^iSy 0 * I * 6 the internal migration thus
mdioated cannot be ascertained. We £e. in gro«,
tbfn nVftrj" * d<il^ n made to the ».ave popula
(-3P °°o..' 1,720,000. or more
V th '' 631 of th«- period, found
m the seven States distmgtusned for their Drodue
tion of cotton. And if we take th« _
State containing .lave, in I*4o. an d Compare them
wtth the return* for 1850. », may infer neariv
the general direction, and nearly the amoum
'To 0 '! Sn g ’ nt ° ‘•oKon-fiwing Sfote7
in 1850 8-HM 3n° D Tb “ ned ' 4 *C 355 *!ave*. and
in 18SU, 8,.04,01.i. The increase in tea veers was
nearly 29 per cent. Tin,, therefore, may 3 be taken
to be the average eicee, of birth* over deaths
* Pitkin, 119.
(b) Pitkin. 129.
(c) Revenue Tables, 1851.
(d) Kentucky and Tennessee, together have, of
late years, produced about as much tobacco as
Maryland and Virginia; and adjacent parts of North
Carolina and Ohio also produce considerable quan
tities.
(a; In the census of 1800 Alabama and Missis
sippi were returned together.
(a; “On the area and population of the Man
chester District,” a papei in the Sth voL of the
Transactions of the Historic Socsetf of Lancaster
shire and Cheshire.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 4, I&>7.
throughout the slave population for that period. It
would be higher in the more northern ana breeding
States, and lower in those, especially the recently
settled districts, in which the labor was most severe
and continuock*.
Had the seven chief cotton-growing States in
creased only at this rate, the addition to their popu
lation during the ten years, would have been about
415,847. The addition was, in fact, 509,613; and
the excess, 93£166, is the lowest number that can be
sat down as that of the slaves transferred to these
from other States in that interval. In fact, it ia too
low to accord with themost obvious inferencesTrom
tiie rate of mortality and the condition of the slave
population, at the reproductive period of life, in the
newer and cotton-growing districts, as compared
with the rate of mortality and the like condition in
the rest of the Union, and more particularly in the
districts whence this migration cniefly took place.
As the natural increase arises entirely from excess
of births over deaths, circumstances such as those
known to prevail in the cotton-growing States im
porting slaves, and tending powerfully to check the
rearing of children, and to cut off the adult popula
tion at an early must be presumed, in the Ab
sence of direct evidence to the contrary, to reduce
the rate of this increase in those States considerably
below the average deduced from the increase of the
whole slave population. On the other band, it is
well known that, in what are termed the “breed
ing” States, peculiar efforts are made to promote the
production and rearing of the children of the slave
population. Now, the increase of the population of
England and YY'ales, by excess of births over deaths
between 1841 and 1851, allowing for emigration,
cannot be taken at more than 15 per cent. We
have seen that the average increase of the slave
population of the United States, in the same inter
val, was 29 per cent Assuming that the increase
by excess of births over deaths, in the seven chief
cotton-growing States, was so much as 25 per cent.,
it would amount to 358,488, leaving an excess of
150,525 to be accounted for immigration.
The States supplying this migratory body—that
is to say, all the other States of the Union—had, in
1840, a slave population of 1,053,000, and in 1850,
one of 1,264,090. According to the census of 1840,
about 15 per cent, of the slave population consisted
of males between ten and twenty-four years of
ag«—age at which the migration would be most
likely to take place. Taking a mean between the
numbers of 1840 and 1850, this class of the popula
tion supplying the emigrants would number about
172,500. If the females of the same age be added,
the number would be nearly doubled ; and it might
be increased by allowing for the removal of some
slaves southward at other ages. It is, however, ob
vious that a draft of 150,000 persons, in teu years,
taken from the able-bodied section of a total popu
lation of 1,100,000 or 1,200,000 persons, would be
almost as much as such a population, even when
endowed with the peculiar fecundity of the slave
population of the United States, could sustain with
out impairing its reproductive power. Aud accord
iugly, while the seven principal cotton States show
an increase of their slave population, between 1840
and 1850, of 35 per cent., the other slave States,
taken together, show an increase of less than twen
ty per cent.
IV. In the “Tables and Notes” of Mr. Woodbu
ry, already referred to, it is estimated that the cul
ture of the cotton crop of the United States in
1835, gave employment to 340,000 “field hands,”
worth, on an average, 800 dollars each, and to as
many “assistants,” worth, on an average four hun
dred dollars each.
The crop of the year ending 31st August, 1835,
was estimated at 1,254,000 bales, or, allowing 340
pounds to the bale, about 439 millions of pounds.—
As has been stated, the average crop in 1850 was
about 1,077 millions of pounds.
Adopting the proportion suggested by Mr. Wood
bury's estimate for 1835, the uuinber of field hands
required in 1850 would be 834,000, and the number
of assistants the same ; making a total of 1,008,000
laborers.
It appears from the censuses of 18-10 and 1850
that rather more than one-third of the slave popu
lation is under 10 years of age, and that about
five hundred are over 55 years of age. Excluding
only 6 per cent, more for sickness and other causes,
we have the following account as that of the
slave population actually engaged in raising cotton
iu 1850:
Laborers 1,668,000
Infants (say) 850,000
Aged 100,000
Sick, <fcc , 150,000
2,768,000
Possibly, Mr. Woodbury’s estimate may have
been excessive; or its application to the circum
stances of 1850 may be, in some respects, improper.
Hence, the number above stated may be iu excess
of the truth. On the other hand, however, it will
be observed, that no allowance is made for such
portion of the slave population of the States as,
though not engaged in, or even resident near the
localities of, the cotton culture, are, for the purpose
of keeping up by migration the required supply of
labor, maintained expiessly for the support of that
branch of the national industry.
We have now to ascertain how much of the
whole crop thus raised is so raised for exportation.
This may be readily deduced from the following fi
gures extracted from the New York Shipping aud
Commercial List, of 17th September, 18oG:
Year ending Annual Crop. Retained for Home
31 August. Bales. Consumption—Bales.
1851.2 3,015,029 603,029
1852- 3,262.882 671,009 44
1 853- 2,930,027 610,571 44
1854- 2,847,339 593,584 44
1855- 3,527,845 652,739 44
It is to be observed that the portion of the crop
retained for home use, includes a very small
proportion of the finer and more valuable qualities
of cotton ; and hence that the four fifths of the
crop here shown to have been left for exporta
tion, would probably include moi e than four-filths
value.
And if, following this proposition, only 2,000,000
of the slave population be assigned to the culture
for export, this will be equal to about two-thirds of
the entire number.
The number thus set apart is a large one. But it
will he remembered, apart from the direct estimate
of numbers, that all that portion of the slave popula
tion which is maintained with a view to the cotton
culture, whether engaged in it or not, must bo deem
ed to fall into tho category referred to in this fifth
proposition. That of the entite produce of the Uni
ted States raised for exportation, cotton forms more
than half in value.
That it is all planted, cultivated, picked, dressed
and packed for exportation by slave labor. That
the natural increase of the slave population is obvi
ously distributed with reference, almost exclusively,
to the demand for labor in the cotton-growing dis
tricts. And that of the entire slave population of
the Union at. the last census, 27 parts out of 32, or
nearly nine-tenths, were found in the ten States
growing cotton largely; and that 19 parts out of 32
were’fuund in the seven States the capital and labor
of which are peculiarly devoted to that branch of
industry.
SIXTH PROPOSITION.
That of t lie cotton thus raised for exportation, about
two-thirds in quantity, and more than two thirds
in value, is raised expressly for the British market
and is regularly imported into and manufactured
in the United Kingdom.
According to Pitkin’s Analysis, before referred to,
(a) it appears that the whole quantity of cotton ex
ported from the United States, in the three years
1801-2-3, was 891 millions of pounds ; and that the
quantity sent to Great Britain, in the same period,
was 7U millions of pounds. The “tables and notes”
of Mr. Woodbury furnish very nearly the same fig
ures. At this time, then, Great Britain took about
two thirds of the Amerioan exports.
For the years 1821-2-3, Mr. Woodbury states
that tho total exports amounted to 443,000,000
pounds; and that the quantity sent direct to Great
Britain was 337,000,000, showing nearly the same
proportion.
Accounts published by the Board of Trade (a)
show that the two years, (ending 30th of June,)
1841-2, the exports amounted to a total of 3,453,999
bales, and the quantity sent to the United Kingdom
to 2,398,399 bales.
For the recent years the proportion can be ascer
tained only by calculation. The quantity exported
lrorn the United States may be obtained with suffi
cient accuracy by deducting from the whole crop of
each year the quantity retained tor home consump
tion, and the quantity sent to this country may be
inferred, with a similar approximation to accuracy,
Jroin the quantity imported into this country. It is,
however, to be remembered that the American es
timates ot the annual crop have reference to a year
ending on the 31st of August, oefore which time
very little of the crop of the year referred to can
have appeared at market, or consequently, have
been slopped to this country. Hence the American
estimate, for any given year, has reference, almost
entirely, to the cotton received in our ports in the
year next following, and ending on the olst of De
cember.
The American estimates of the annual crop for
the fix'e vears beginning with 1849-50 and ending
with 1853-4, give a total ol 13,659,901 bales, (a) On
the same authority, the quantity retained for home
consumption, in the same period, was 2,776,486
bales. The remainder, 10,883,415 bales, would
doubtless be somewhat in excess of the quantity ac •
tually exported.
But allowing 5 per cent, for what may be used in
the States otherwise than for manufacture, for waste
and for loss. and allowing an averege weight of 450
pounds to the bale, the whole quantity exported
from the crops of the five years referred to would be
about 4,632 millions of pounds.
The five years in which our share of this quantity
must have entered the ports of the United Kingd >m
were thpse beginning with 1851, and endiug with
1850. In these years we received from the United
States a total of 3,424 millions of pounds, (b)
So that the share we have taken of the cotton ex
ported from the United States would appear to have
varied but little, throughout the whole period of
fitly five years, and to nave been all through about
two-thirds as stated in the proposition.
SEVENTH PROPOSITION.
That of the entire quantity of cotton imported into,
and manufactured in. the L’nited Kingdom, near
ly four-fifths in quantity, and much more than
.our tilths in value, is, on an average of years,
obtained from the United States.
appended to this paper will be found
stated the quantity of cotton imported into the Uni
ted Kingdom in each year from 1831 to 1855, inclu
sive : and the proportion of each year’s importation
received from the United States. From tnis table
it appears that
ten y ears of the present century.
(1801—10) the supply from the United States
amounted to forty four parts in a hundred of all im
ported.
In the seoond ten vears (1811—’20) it v*as fifty
parts in a hundred.
In the third ten years (18*21--’3O) it was seventy
one parts.
In the fourth ten vears (1831-’4O) it was seventy
nine parts. !
In the fifth ten years (1641 --’SO) it was eighty one
parts.
And in the five years which have elapsed since
the close of the last period (1851 - 55) it was seven
ty-eight part*.
Again, if iwe limit our view to the last twenty
year s.i 183t>-55) and divide these into four periods
ot five years each, we find that we obtained from
the L nited States, of the total quantity we im
ported:
In 1836-40, eighty per cent.
In 1841—45, eighty-one per cent.
In 1846-50, eighty-one per cent.
In 1851-55, seventy-eight per cent.
And again, if we take the proportion, year by
year, for the last ten years, it stands thus :
1846 - 88 per cent.
1847 76
1848 84 “
1849 83 “
1850 74 “
1851 78 “
1852 82 “
1853 73
1854 81 “
1855 76 “
Whence, and bearing in mind that the supply
from the United States includes all the more value
ble descriptions of cotton. I venture to affirm that
we cannot safely estimate the average extent of
our reliance upon the United States for a supply of
cotton at less than about 80 per Cent., or four-fifths
of the entire quantity we import.
(a) In the year ending 30th June 1851, the whole ex
ports were valued at one hundred and ninety-six millions
of dollars —the cotton exported at one hundred and
twelve millions.
(a) pp 132-7.
(a) Revenue Tables, Foreign, 1844, p. 276.
(a) New York List, 17th Sept., 1856.
<b.> Statistical Abetr&ct, 1841 to 1855
THE WEIGHT OF THE BALE OF COTTO.Y AT VA
RIOUS Periods.
In ISIO the average weight of tie bale of cotton
exported from the l uited States was about :iUO tbs,
and those imported into England fcom Portugal
and the Portoguese colonies our next largest source
of supply at the same time, were said not to exceed
au average of 110 pounds. (1)
In 1833 ilr. Joshua Bates (of the firm of Baring
Bros. & Co.) being examiued before a Committee of
the House of Commons, handed in some tabular state
ments, whence it may be inferred that the average
weight of the American hale of cotton remained,
from 1794 to 1839, nearly the same, or about 360
pounds. (2) From a comparison of various other
accounts, and particularly from the date supplied by
the letter of 29th February, 1836, from the Ameri
can Secretary of the Treasury to the Speaker of the
House of Representatives, it muy, however, reason
ably be inferred that the average weight in the lat
ter years of this period was neat er 3oU pounds.
In December, 18-13, Messrs. Geo. Holt A: Co ,
eminent cotton brokers of Liverpool, estimated the
average weight of the cotton bales imported from
different countries into Liverpool, in that y, ar as
follows (3) Cuited States—Upland and Sea Island
350 pounds.
Orleans and Alabama 430 pounds
Brazil |g.>'
Egyptian '.V.207 •«
East Indies
West Indies gg;-, <1
Allowing for the large proportion of the whole
quantity imported from the I'nited States, it is
probable that the general average was not less
than 400 pounds ; and that the average weight of
the bale from the United States a little exceeded that
limit.
An estimate made in Liverpool at mv own instance
upon the experience of 1855, gave the following re
sult :
AVERAGE WEIGHT PER BALE.
From the United States 450 lbs.
From Brazil opy u'
From Madras anif Bombay 420 “
From Calcutta 300 “
From Egypt. 280
The increased weight appears to have been due
to increased pressure in packing, to save freight—
that element of cost bemg much dependent on the
space occupied by a given weight.
So much for the weight of the bale of cotton, as
seen in Great Britain. As seen in the cotton manu
facturing districts of America, the modes of convey
ance from the cotton growing districts not being
precisely the same, the hale may possibly have a
different weight. But in the absence of evidence
on this point, it may be assumed that tiie bale allud
ed to in the American accounts of the quantity re
tained for home consumption, has an average weight
of 450 pounds.
BRITISH IMPORTS OF CO TON WOOL—IS'KJ TO I S.V,.
Cuttea Wool Imp'd. I Cotton Wool Imp’d.
From all : From tbej From all 1 From the
TEARS countri'sjU. States ' veers countri's U. States.
Thou- Thou-1! Thou- Thou
sands of sands of: 1 sands of sands of
Pounds. Pounds. || Pounds. Pounds.
1801.. 55,675 18,953 1839.. 222 767 157*187
1802.. 60,209 23,473 1830.. 263,961 210 885
1803.. 53,427 27,757 1831.. 288,674 "nUti-S
1804.. 61.316 25,770 1832.. 2;U,832 219,756
1805.. 59,649 32,661 1833.. 303,656 237,506
480<j... 57,982 24,255 1834.. 306,875 269 203
1-07... 74,786 53,1801 1835.. 263,702 284 455
1808.. 43,263 7,992 1836.. 406,959 289,615
1809.. 91,701 13,365 1837-. 407,2861 320 651
1810.. 134,805 36,171 j 1838.. 507,850 431437
1811.. 91,008 46,7721 1839.. 389,396 311,597
1812.. 61,563 26,066 j 1840-. 592,488 487,856
J®}?-- i 1841.. 487,992 3E8!240
;844... 58,887 1 1842.. 531,750 414,030
1815.. 98,790 45,6691 1843.. 673,198 574 738
1816.. 93,685 57,793111844.. 646,111 ' 517!218
124,303 52,668 1845.. 721,979 626,650
1818.. 177,178 65,985 11846.. 477,856 401,949
1819.. 148,303 63,675 1847.. 474,707 364.599
1820.. 149,462 89,999 1848.. 713,020 600 247
1821.. 132,536 93,470' 1849.. 755,469 634’5t>4
1823.. 142,837 101,031 1850.. 663,576 493 153
1823.. 191,402 142,5321 4851.. 757,379 596,638
1824.. 149,380 92,187 1852.. 929,782 765 630
1825.. 228,005 139,908! 1853.. 895,278 658451
1826.. 177,607 130,858' 1854.. 887,333 722 151
1827.. 272,448 216,924 i 1855.. 891,752 681 929
1828.. 227,760 151,752! 1
Note to Table.—The figures in the first column of
this table are obtained—for the years 1801 to 1819 inclu
sive from Marshall's Digest, printed at the recommen
dation of the House es Commons in 1833; for the years
1820-’33, from the Revenue Tables 1820-’33, p. 125 ; for
1834- 40, from the Revenue Tables 1831-40, p. 115 ; and
for the years 1841-55, from the Statistical Abstract
1841-55, printed in 1856. The figures in the second
column are obtained from Pitkin’s statistical View ol’the
Commerce of the United States, 2d Ed., 1817, down to
1816; for the years 1817-TB-T9, they are deduced from
an account in -Marshall's Digest, p. 113, allowing 300
pounds to the bale, and thereafter from the Revenue T’a
bles.
(1) Pitkin’s Statistical View of the Commerce of the
United States, 2d Ed., 1817, p. 135.
(2) Report from Committee on Manufactures, Com
merce aud Shipping, No. 690, of 1833.
(3) McCullough’s Directory of Commerce, art. Cotton.
From I In vitna.
The steamship Isabel arrived at Charleston on
Wednesday morning, bringing dates from Havana
to the 23d, and Key West lo the 25th inst. A num
ber of marine disasters have occurred during the
prevalence of the late severe weather, among which
we notice the following :
Havana, Jan. 23.—0 n Sunday, 18th January
inst., at about 10 P. M. in a most violent norther,
the splend d new ship Caspian, of 950 tons, Capt,
Trufent, belonging to Hath, and bound from New
Orleans to Boston, laden with a cargo of cotton
struck on the reef some three or four miles to the
westward of Bnracoa. The sea was breaking with
tremendous fury on the outer reef, where 6he first
struck. Fortunately she soon beat over to the inner
reef, or iu a few hours there would not have been
a soul left to tell their melancholy story ; as it was,
the Captain was washed from the quarter deck by
the first sea. Messrs. C. Tyng &, Co., ol this city,
the active agents of the Underwriter's in the United
States, at once sent one of the members of their
house to the scene of the disaster, and the most
prompt and effective measures have been taken to
save as much as possible of the cargo, although I
fear from the report of the mate, who lias arrived in
this city, that a very great portion of it is irrecove
bly lost.
The schr. Woodbine, Allen, arrived from New
York. She came inside the reef near Carysfort
Light, and engaged a wrecker to bring her into
port. She has encountered very severe weather,
aud is leaking so freely as to make it impossible for
her to continue on her voyage without repairing.
She has an assorted cargo of merchandize.
The steamer Isabel arrived at an early hour on
the 22d, and reports the loss of the Br. ship Crown,
Capt. Carre, on the reef near Carysfort light-house.
She went ashore the 19th, and had received no as
sistance when the Isabel passed. The wreckers,
however, arrived soon after, and have brought
down several hundred bales. The ship has bilged
and will be a total loss. The cotton in the lower
hold will be damaged. The cargo is a very valua
ble one, consisting of 3,500 bales cotton, 4,000 sacks
grain and 12,000 staves, and worth not less than
$150,000. The captain has consigned the cargo to
Wall Co.
The British ship Kelvin, Hatfield, from New Or
leans bound to Liverpool, with 2,300 bales ol Cotton,
ran upon Pickles Reef on the 12th inst. Assistance
was taken from the wreckers, and 154 bales cotton
discharged, when the ship fioated. The Captain,
unwilling to return to Key West, gave the wreckers
the cargo t hey had on board their vessels for the ser
vices, and proceeded on his voyage. The ship re
ceived no considerable injury.
The Pilot boat Florida, Johnson, from Nas
sau, the 19th, reports the loss of the ship Tamiscot,
Capt. Borland, of Portland, on the Grand Bahamas
witn a cargo of cotton, from New Orleans for Liv
erpool. The ship proves a total loss. The cotton
wfll be saved, some, in a damaged state. The crew
are in this city.
The Pilot boat Florida arrived the 10th inst. from
Nassau, and reports thejloss ot the ship Inca from
New Orleans for Liverpool, on the Riding Rocks.
Also the loss of the ship Ophir from New York for
New Orleans, upon the Greybeard shoal; both car
gos saved, vessels total loss.
The brig Huntress, Shannon, from Pensacola with
a cargo of brick for Fort Taylor, is ashore in the N.
W. Pass. She got off without much difficulty.
South Western Kail Hoad.— We learn from
good authority, says the Albany Patriot, that the
earnings of Southwestern Rail Road fur the five
months ending January 1, was #179,DU0 against
3161,000 for the same time in I 855—being an in
crease of #IB,OOO, The receipts for the first 15
days of January, show an increase of $9,400 over
the same time last year. The increase in receipts
from travel for December 1856, and the first half of
January 1857, has been $6,000 over the same time
the previous year.
This is one of the beet situated and best managed
Railroads in the state, and though its stock is selling
for only about par without the divided, whioli will
be declared in February, it is beyond doubt one of
the most safe and va'uable stocks in the State.
The.e is one important fact which was mentioned
by the President in his last annual report, which
does not seem to be generally known: and that is,
that about $200,000 of the capital invested has been
paid by earnings of the Road, and consequently, is
so much real value added to the stock which rep
resents the capital. We shall not be surprised to
see this stock within a year, selling at #llO per share
for SIOO paid in.
Another Tennessee Invention.— Mr. P. O'Neal,
a carpenter of this city, is about to take out a patent
for an invention which promises to be of great ad
vantage to steamboat navigation. It is an im
provement in motive power for propelling steam
boats, does away with the immense wheels now
used, and is expected to make a ten-horse engine
propel a steamboat with as much speed as a thirty
horse engine now does. We had the pleasure of ex
amining a model of this ingenious invention yester
day. If the expectations of the inventor should be
realized, its use. combined with Reeder's Safety
Valve, will produce quite a revolution in steam
boating. With speed trebled and exp osions ren
dered almost, if not altogether, impossible, steam
boat navigation will come into more general favor.
—Xashvtfle Patriot.
St. Loris, Jan. 21.—The Kept an publishes in
advance, a copy of Gov. Geary s message. His
views on squatter sovereignty embodies the follow
ing words :
“The durability and imperative authority of a
State constitution, when the interest of a people re:
quire a State governments and -there is a direct
popular vote necessary to give it sanction and ef
fect, it will be a proper occasion, once for all, to de
eide’tne grave questions which underlie a well regu
lated commonwealth.”
The Governor further advises the Legislature to
let slavery alone where the Constitution places it,
and to forego legislation in reference to it, until a
State constitution is formed : and he recommends
that the errors and omissions on the statute book be
corrected. He denounces the test oath act, and re
commends its repeal; disapproves of the present
mode of selecting jurors and recommends then- elec
tions by lot: and the adoption of the ballot plan of
voting’ia insisted on. He also suggests that the law
requiring a residence in the territory of ninety days,
and, in certain districts, of ten days, to prevent ille
gal voting. The balance of the message, which is
an able and upright document, is devoted to local
affairs.
Death of Dr. W». B. Bacon — The numerous
friends and acquaintances of this excellent citizen,
will regret to learn that he is no more. He expired
atthePeiry House, in this city, on Sunday even
ing, 25th inst., after a short, but severe attack of
Pneumonia.
Dr. Bacon leaves a name as pure as the morning,
as an inheritance to his relatives and friends. He
was a man of large benevolence ; to- need was to
have his sympathy; to ask wasfo secure bis chan
ty. He waft a devoted friend, and never let uu op
portunity slip of doing a kindness to those he loved.
Amid all his afflictions, he was a cheerful and genial
companion, and contributed his full share to the
entertainment of the social circle in which he
moved His death is deeply and universally re
gretted in this community. He left no enemy be
hind him. —Columbus Times.
Railroad Accident. —The Cincinnati express
train on the Erie road, which left Dunkirk on Fri
day evening, the 16th, at 9 o'clock, bound East, ran
off the track near Hawkins' station on Saturday
evening, and two cars were thrown into the Dela
ware, one going through the ice. One passenger
was killed, and one fireman was fatally injurea.—
About thirty persons were more or lees injured.
The man kiileu was, a sailor, on his way from Cin
cinnati to Boston, where he belonged. His name is
unknown. Among the injured is Mr. E. P. Morris,
of Jacksonville, EL
- American Suite Count il of Kcniiieks.
I The Americau State Council of Kentucky ,at its
late meeting ill Kentucky, unanimously adopted the
j following Address ;
The delegates to the State Council are well as
sured that the Americans of Kentucky need no
words of condolence over the result of the recent
election. They hat e been defeated, but not dis
couraged ; they have been overcome by misrepre
sentations and fraud and chicaner'-, but thev are not
disheartened. Bv the artifices of political dema
gogues they have been outnumbered, but they are
still uucouquered ; aud, proudly conscious of the
justice, the propriety, and the patriotism of their
principles, they are ready again and again to prove
their devotion to the cause of their couDtrv. confi
dent that the hour of their triumph must come and
that their principles will he approval by a majority
of the American people, aud that their policy will be
established as the ouly safe aud patriotic policy of
the American government. J
The recent defeat of the American party was not
a verdict against American principles. They were
not in issue in the contest. By artful appeals to
sectional prejudices, aud cunningly contrived mis
represeutaUons, the slavery question alone was
made the paramount issue of the canvass, and the
cardinal principles of the American party were
overwhelmed with the torrent of maddened sec
tionalism. Neither tin* North or the South has been
the gainer by the conflict but tiie enemies of Ame
ricanism have triumphed, while the bonds of our
Union have been strained almost to breaking, and
the republican institutions of our country have been
greatly imperiled. The sections of our Confederacy
are as they were before the howling storm of
sectional fanaticism was invoked. Freesoilism
has resumed its sway over the disputed Territory,
and, while not the slighthst shadow of increased
power or influence has been added to the South,
slave property in the border States has been ren
dered doubly insecure, and the political weakness
of the Scut heru section has been too plainly mani
fested.
The results of the recent contest must surely teach
the conservative men of the Union that the contin
ued agitation of the slavery question as the para
mount political issue can produce no benefit to any
State or to any section, but that it will only serve to
entail serious and increasing evils upon the South
and that it is pregnant with great and imminent dan
ger to the permanence of the union of States, This
agitation, barren as it is of all good results, fruitful
only of evil, this agitation, against which the voices
of the wise and patriotic founders of our Govern
ment were raised in solemn warning, is now the
sole reliance for success of the Democratic party.
For years it has hunted down its opponents at the
South with the cry of “abolition,” “abolition,” while
its own northern adherents were the loudest shriek
ers in the front rank of anti-slavery fanaticism. In
the recent canvass the Democratic party adroitly
constituted the slavery question the main issue to
divide its opponents and to distract the attention of
the people from flic real principles of Americanism,
and while in the freesoil States it claimed to be the
purest and most zealous freesoil party, in the South,
it calumniated the Americans as abolitionists, and
pretended an ultra affection for the institution of
slavery. Yet it is a fact, that whilst this slander has
been promulgated by the Democratic party in this
State, the greet mas 3 of the slaveholbers in Ken
tucky lire comprised in the American party.
We can sec then in the continued agitation of the
slavery question only a fruitful source of evil. The
territorial policy of our government in this re
gard is settled and cannot now be distuihed without
endangering the interests and safety of the Union.
The continuation of this agitation "cannot promote
the inrerests of the south, but it will certainly depre
ciate the value and security of slave property, and
in the institution of sectional paities the South will
be too surely overcome by the existing and con
stantly preponderating political power of the North
in the electoral colleges and in the Nationul Senate
and House of Kepresentatives.
In view, then, of the condition of our country,
and believingtliat Whenever the principles of the
American party are purely and fairly made the is
sue, they will always be triumphant, we earnestly
urge the Americans and conservative men of Ken
tucky and of the Union to abandon this dangerous
agitation of the slavery question, to leave the peo
ple of the territories to decide for themselves when
they come to form a State constitution whether they
shall be a pro slavery or anti slavery State, and to
make the cardinal principles of the American party
the paramount issue in all political contests, and re
affirming our national platform, to strive sedulously
and incessantly for the establishment of a pure
American policy. We would urge Americans
everywhere to firmly maintain their organization
and steadfastly continue to advocate thecause they
have espoused, until a proud and splendid triumph
is achieved, and until their principles have been
made the fixed and permanent policy of the nation.
Thus success will surely crown our efforts, and, in
the restoration of public tranquility, the preserva
tion of our glorious Union, and the establishment of
a pure American nationality, our patriotic labors
will be fully and happily consummated.
The Louisville Journal in reference to this meet
ing, says:
This has been one of the mosi spirited meetings
of the State Council that has ever been held in Ken
tucky. A zeal and earnestness and hopefulness
were manifested that could not fail to cheer the
hearts of Americans. It is very evident that the
American party of Kentucky is souud to the core,
and however its opponents may wish to have it dis
banded, its members are more fixed in their devo
tion to principles, and tLe more firmly determined
to stand by their party than ever before. They are
ready and eager for tiie contest, and are determined
that the political battles hereafter shall be fought
upon tlie true American ground, that no sectional
issues shall be allowed to divide and distract their,
strength, and “with their banners high advancing"
auu their voices shouting gladly the songs of vic
tory, they will move on side by side and shoulder to
shoulder, confident of success wherever the princi
ples of their party are made the paramount issue.
Marriage Extraordinary. —The Presbyterian
General Assemblies have b : eii disputing for a long
time concerning the propriety of a mail marrying
liiedeceased wife's inter. The legality of a nearer
and more delicate r ■ • 1 ship i eing established by
marriage has just been de >ed by our Court of Ap
peals. It is altogether proper, so says that learned
tribunal, the highest authority in Ihe State, for a
man to marry his mother-in law ! The ■u 'l tette of
Judges came to this decision after this faslnoi, and
upon the following case : Ellen Hell married Samue
Bel!, her son-in-law. Mr. IS. died, leaving the intei
esting widow, and also several children by his first
wife, whoso grand mother was at the same time
their step-mother. These children refused to grant
the old lady her dower, and hence the suit.
The cause was brought before Judge l’ryer, the
late learned and estimable Judge of the adjoining
circuit, lie decided that the marriage was void, as
the parties were within the degrees of relationship
fixed by the statue of 1708.
An appeal was taken, and the adjudication of the
lower Court was reversed. The Court of Appeals
decided that there was no prohibition to such a
marriage by the statue of 1708—that manages
within the Levitical degree are not void, though
voidable.
Accordingly, if any man desires to many his
mothet-in-law lie can go ahead. The law is on his
side.— Louisville Journal .
We hear that the Governor has sold all the old
muskets and cannon which the State owned, pay
ment to be made in arms of a new pattern and with
the modern improvements. It is rumored that they
are being purchased for Walker and will be shipped
to Nicaragua. Should these utensils ever get into
active service, our word for it., there will be execu
tion. There is not a part about them tliat does not
contain a “bump of destructiveness,” to be practi
cally developed either in front or rear, according to
circumstances. Looking into a muzzle is not gen
erally considered a pleasant pastime, yet so far as
these “ revolutioners” are concerned, we would not
toss up a copper whether we should shoot or be Bliot
at. In fact, we are rather inclined to the latter, for
a decent, smooth bore made by a bullet is far prefer
able any time to the shatter of an explosion. At all
events, it is certain the Governor has made a good
trade, and that without reference to the enquiry as
to how many new guns he is to receive in exchuuge
for every fitly of the old ones.— Sault. Rep.
Lumber Trade oe Savannah.—The following
table shows the exports of Lumber from this port
for the last five years:
Foreign Ports. Home Ports. Total.
1352 15,804.500 9,704,000 25,503,500 feet
1853 16,503,700 14,034,900 31,538,600 “
1854 27,354,600 22,502,100 49,855,700 “
1855 19,004.308 6,686,554 25,490,862 “
1856 21,500,000 13,387,500 34,687,500 “
We have been exporting the present year at the
rate of 35,000,600 feet. The above five years show
t hat about 65 per cent, of out export is foreign. In
the present year it is widely different. Thus far the
exports to foreign ports amount to five times the
sum of those to portsin the United States.— Savh.
Republican.
Eloquence.— Eloquence consists in feeling a
truth yourself, in making those who hear you feel it.
Oratory is not vociferation; it is not stamping a
hole in the platform, nor beating all the dust out of
the cushion of the pulpit; nor tearing off your coat
tail in the violence of your gesticulations, a la
Gavazzi; it is not holding the breath until the face
is purple and the eyes bloodshot; it is not hissing
through the teeth like the fizzle of a squib, nor
crouching down, then bounding upwards like a
wildcat springing upon a opossum, nor ranting
about from one side of the rostrum to another until
the skin is drenched in perspiration, and the body
weakened into helplessness, you are not eloquent in
all this, unless it be for the grave, for it is suicida
Poisoned by Mistake.—Two fatal cases of poi
soning by mistake occurre ! in Baltimore on the
21st inst. A druggist filled ; prescription ordered
by Arnold, a German physician, for a child. The
child took the medicine and died immediately. Ar
nold took the remainder of the medicine to the drug
gist and told him be had made a mistake. The drug,
gist persisted that the medicine was right, and to
show his confidence in his correctness swallowed a
portion himself. He was immediately attacked by
horrible convulsions and died in five minutes. The
Doctor, who merely tasted the preparation and spit
it from his mouth, was also attacked and with
difficulty saved. The affair occasioned great excite
ment.
The druggist had mixed eyanuret of potassium
with lemon juice, developing “Dough prussic acid
in the preparation to have killed three hundred men.
Emigration to Northwest Louisiana. —The
tide of emigration to Northern and Northwestern
Louisiana, says the Ouachita Register, still contin
ues. and the country is full of planters from all-the
Southern States seeking homes. Lands that could
have been bought at three dollars per acre two
years ago, are new selling readily at from five to
ten in the wooHs, and before two "years more, these
lands will readily command from fifteen to thirty.
The navigation in the Ouachita is now fully open
for the largest class boats.
The recent heavy rams throughout the valley of
the Ouachita have injured the cotton crop very ma
terially. but the editor of the Register believes that,
notwithstanding the rains and early frosts which cut
short the top crop, the Ouachita planters have
made heavier crops than have been made in anv
portions of the State.
Snow in Mexico. —La Nation, a newspaper of
tne City of Mexico, speaks in its number of the 21st
ultimo, of the snow storm there thus:— •* Last night,
at half past nine o'clock, a heavy snow storm began,
which lasted several hours. Never have we seen
this phenomenon, so common in latitudes higher
than ours, in. Mexico before. It also excited to a
high degree, the curiosity of the inhabitants of the
capital. The thermometer of Reaumer was one
degree above zero, and maintained himself there
during the whole night. The fiat roots of the houses,
the streets, the bills which suiround the city of the
lakes and give her so beautiful an aspect, the
public walks, all reminded us, this morning, of the
first snow storms we ever witnessed, which was
last fall, in the United States and in Europe. Mex
ico city presented this morning a truly picturesque
sight, for the green leaves of onr eternal spring
fonned a lively contrast with the flake of snow,
which dressed them in an attire to which they were
not accustomed.
Something new for the Gourmand. —A Paris
Journal, the Union, says that in consequence of the
success which attended the efforts of M. Geoffrey
Saint Hilaire to bring horse flesh into use as human
feod. a society has been formed in Paris for causing
the flesh of you g asses to be eaten also. “ The
society,” says the Union, “ maintain that such flesh
is the inoat delicious in existence, and it holds week
ly banquets in which the flesh is prepared in dif
ferent ways.” The Union adds, that the famous
Mecsenas and Cardinal Dupont, both distinguished
gourmands, “ were passionately fond of the flesh of
young asses.”
I Petris Correspondence oj the -V. F. Times.
An American Shot in Prison.
A most lamentable affair occurred this morning
Rt the prison tor dfbts ("OUchy,” as it is called) iu
this city An American merchant, who was there
confined illegally lor debt, was shot dead at the wiu
." °* ' ll - cell by a sentinel. A good deal of ex
citement sprung out of the affair, and the authori
ties are keeping the particulars secret for the pre
sent. But so far as I have been able to learn, the
facts are these : A new sentinel who had b“eu
standing guard previously at tho criminal prisons,
had orders that when prisoners presented them-
Seivcs at the windows, aud refused, i.l’ter due warn
ing, to desist, he was to tire. 111 the present ease
the sentinel declares that the prisoner was warned
SIX times before he filed, and that he did not fire tin
tii tue prisoner peremptorily refused to withdraw.—
lie pretends not to have known that the rules
ot. military discipline were different iu different
prisons.
In this instance the soldier was right, while the
authorities who placed him there were wrong. At
t hchy, there arc one bundled aud twenty debtors
confined, and forty anned soldiers, not civil guar
mans, but soldiers of tile regular service to guard
them! And they mount guard with loaded mus
kets. I here is ail exterior wall, aud then a certain
distance between tins wall aud the main buildiug
lo look out of the window "c. this court aud against
the dead wail, one would suppose was not a great
ottence, especially in view of the fact that the pri
soner was only a debtor, and that, too, illegally con
lined ; for the Court had only declared that day the
1 .legality of the imprisonment, and he was within
an hour qt ins release. But what are we to think of
authorities who placed forty armed soldiers, with
charged muskets to guard treble that num- *
her ot debtors, aud leave them with such rigorous
orders of discipline as that which has been so unfor
tunately put into execution ?
It is to be hoped that this cireumstanee will at last
induce the French government to modify its out
rageously. unjust law against debtors other than
r rench citizens. A foreigner may be seized upon
the complaint of.no matter who, and for no matter
what, anywhere in the streets of Paris, and thrown
into Cliehy the moment seized, without a word ot
hearing before a magistrate. He is imprisoned first
aud the complaint against liim is examiued after
wards. If it is found illegal, he has no recourse for
lalse imprisonment, unless it is proved to be au im
prisonment for some vengeance and completely
without foundation. Manv English Ijords of im
mense wealth have thus been seized in Paris and
thrown into Cliehy for idle complaints. The impri
sonment oi Horace Greely iu this same pr.son, and
the indecent mode as arrest, will be remembered by
everybody. The present will be a good occasion
for the Governments of England and the United
States to urge upon the Government of France the
necessity of placing their debtors upon tho same
footing in France as French debtors enjoy in the
former countries.
P- S.—l have opened this letter to inform you that
the person shot this morning, at Cliehy was Mr.
Charles Morey, of Boston, the concessionaire for
France of Mr. Goodyear’s vulcanized India-rubber,
and a gentleman well known to all tho American
residents of Paris. Mr. Morey was a man of about
years of age, who leaves a wife and children in
a state of distress that may be easily imagined.—
He came to Europe three or four year ago a poor
man, but a man with great business talent and im
mense energy of character, lie soon created for
Mr. Goodyear’s invention so great a repuation in j
France aud England, that he was announced to
have acquired for himself in eigteen mouths’ time a
fortune of two million and a half of francs. lie fur- 1
nished a house in the Rue de ia Paix at an expense 1
of seventy five thousand francs, drove the fiuest
pair of dapple grays in Paris, liveried servants
swarmed iu the ante chamber of hia suinptous resi
dence, and ill one who know the dashing Charles
Morey two years ago, would have ever dreamed !
that in two years time lie would be shot down like
a dog in the cell of a debtor's prison. He was a
temperate and industrious man, and his first rever- !
ses commenced from the moment that a disagree
ment arose between him and the inventor of the
vulcanized India rubber. The imprisonment came
from a third party, aud was upon paper indorsed by
the deceased for Goodyear for a sum of one bun- :
dred and sixty thousand francs, lie had been in
prison three months, aud, as I have above stated,
was about to be released on a decision of one of
the tribunals that it was an illegal detention.
Malakoff. ,
Fatal Duel. —A hostile meeting took place yes
terday, at 1 o’clock, at “The Oaks,'’ between Pac
kenham Le Branc, Duputy Sheriff of the Supreme
Court, and Geo. W. White, the book keeper of N.
C. Folger, of Old Levee street. The immediate in
sult that led to the challenge and the duel was one
of the grossest kind, and demanded the appeal to
the most deadly redress among those who abide by
the “code of honor,” or who have mauhood to resent
the most unpardonable offense. The cause that
led to this insult being offered was the refusal of the
Committee of Invitation to one of ourpublic balls to
issue a ticket of admittance for a friend of Mr. Pac
kenliam Le Blanc. The gentleman considering
himself affronted, concluded to visit his displeasure
ou one of the committee, aud chance, as we have
reason to believe, was the cause of Mr. White being
selected. He was met by Mr. Lo Blanc, who spat
in his face. They met “yesterday at “The Oak;”
the conditions of the duel being double-barreled
shot guns twenty paces, and to fire at the word. The
seconds of each gentlemen were on the ground. The
word was given, and Mr. Le Blanc fell mortally
wounded, discharging his gun as he fell. llis op
ponent, of course, was unhurt.— N. O. Delta , Tues
day.
A Regular Snow Storm. —Friday night last the
23d inst., will probably be a memorable period in
the recollections of our future “old inhabitauts.” It
witnessed one of the peculiar events of a generation
in this latitude—the ground entirely covered with
snow ! The snow c ommenced falling on hard ground
about seven o’clock, thick aud last enough to do
credit to a latitude in I lie forties, and on Saturday
morning the beautiful and delicate mantle of white
was spread over the landscape to the depth of an
inch aud a half. Os course the young and the fun
lovir'g enjoyed to the utmost extent of tether
the rare sport thus afforded.
revelled in the unwonted game of snow-bulling;
several sleighs were gotten up “ou the spur of the
moment, ’ and their bells rang out a concert deci
dedly foreign to the “Sunny South,” and therefore,
as usual, the more popular. But the luxury proved
as evanescent as rare, and before noon the snow
was rapidly melting under a cloudy sky. We be
lieve . at it had entirely disappeared before night,
except in a ew north-side localities.
The Augusta ueers of Saturday evening and Sun
day morning do > <tice this snow, and our Sa
vannah exchange ol Sui.: morning failed to ar
rive.—Golumbus Enqr.
Railroads in Louisiana.— The Message of Gov.
Wiekliffe, ot Louisina, contains the following ?tate
ment of the railroads of that State:
The Vicksburg, Shreveport and Texas Railroad,
from the Mississippi to Monroe, (74 miles) toSlirev
port 171 miles, and to the State line of Texas, where
it meets the Southern Pacific loud, 189 miles, is in
the hands of energetic contractors, who have the
first 35 miles completed, and are laying down the
iron superstructure. It is estimated that within
four years the Pacific road will be completed to the
Trinity in Texas, and the Louisiana roadtothe
State line, making a distance of nearly four hundred
miles.
The Congressional laud grant to the road amounts
to 420,921 acres, and most of it is the finest cotton
land in the State.
The Opelousas road will be open to Berwick’s
Ba.y (80 milesj by the Ist of March, connecting there
with a line of steamers to Galveston, making a com
munication of twenty-four hours of that port with
New Orleans. Its further extension to Franklin
and the Texas line depends mainly on the public
spirit of the parishes. The land grants of Con
gress are of little value till it reach js Franklin -, be
yond the western border of St. Landry they are mu
nific.ent.
These are our State communications westward.
N orthward the communications are formed by the
Jackson road. Os this 137 miles are in operation,
nineteen more will be in operation in March, and
only fifty-one remain to complete the connection
with Jackson and Canton. The means and energy
are supplied to complete this in time for the fall bu
siness of 1858.
The road at that point will open railroad commu
nications for New Orleans with other roads, finished
or nearly so, for thousands of miles; with the Mis
sissippi Central Road and its connections to Mem
phis, Jackson, Tennessee, and Mobile and Ohio
road, to Cairo, and the Illinois Central and all its
ramifications; by the Memphis and Charleston road
with their confluents, with the Atlantic coast at all
points, the. Eastern cities, and the North generally,
and by the connection at Jackdou with the
Vicksburg, and all the great Western and Pacific
roads.
The citizens of Eufaula have secured their branch
railroad to Cuthbert, were it wifi connect with the
South-Western Railroad. The necessary sum has
been subscribed, and operations will no doubt be
commenced and prosecuted n ith a view to have the
road ready for the cars by the time the extension
from Amerieuß to Cuthbert is completed. When this
is effected,the “occupation’ of the old Chattahoo
chee river above the Flint will be nearly “gone.”—
Columbus Enq.
Making a Fortune Rafidt.y.— Eight years ago
Charles.C. Van located five hundred acres of land
south of Fort Desmoines, lowa. 11 cost—at a dollar
and a quarter an acre—six hundred and twety-five
dollars. He has recently been offered two hundred
and twenty dollars an acre, or a hundred and ten
thousand dollars fur the trac-t. The census of Fort
Des Moines is 3561, an increase of over 1500 in nine
months last past.
Death of J. Sampson Boatwright. — We sin
cerely regret the mournful duty of announcing the
death of this estimable man. He died yesterday
moVning, after a gradual decline of many months.
Mr. Boatwright was an enterprising ami highly val
uedcitizen, who served the Statd"and city in many
capacities, with great efficiency and usefulness. He
leaves a wife and many children to mourn his irre
parable loss.— Sonlh Carolinian.
What Frugality may Do.—The Lowell, I Mas
sachusetts,) Factory operatives have $1,101,722
deposited in the city institutions for savings, in that
city. The number of depositors is 4,413, which
gives an average of nearly $225 to each operative.
Tliis snows what frugality and a proper provision
for the future may effect. The money usually was
ted in idle pleasures by those who have to labor
hard for it, would, by proper husbanding, become
jn a few years sulfic'ient capital to enable the indivi
dual to employ bis own lu bor, instead of hiring it to
others.
New Mail Arrangements.— We iearn from the
Lumpkin i Ga.; Pialndealer of the 22d instant, that
the Post Master General has ordered a tri-weekly
•mail from Lumpkin to Americus, via Richland,
Preston, and Plains to Dura, to supercede that from
Lumpkin of Oglethorpe, which last will be cur
tailed to aline betwe, u Buena Vi-ta and Oglethorpe
—leaving Pineviile to be supplied from Buena Vista.
Tm Rolling Mills Di: rp.oTED.-AVe learn,
through a gentleman who arrived in this city yes
terday afternoon, that ttie Rolling ■ Mills, looted a
bout seven miles from V■ .iP-nburg village, was
destroyed by tire a few nights since. The loss is
estimated at about s2o,*ioo, nor e of which was cov
ered by insurance.— Columbia , ( N. C.) Times.
Death of Dr. Wm. B. Bacon. —We are pained
to announce the decease of one of our oldest and
most beloved citizens. He died in this city on Sun
day evening last, the 2oth inst, of Typhoid Pneu
monia.—Colm/ibus Sun.
Fatal Accident. —Hr. Henry Michalman, on
Tuesday last, while at woi kon a scaffold in Bogard
street, accidentally fell to the ground, and experien
ced such injuries us caused death at five o’clock
yesterday afternoon. Mr. Michalman was about
twenty five years of age, and was much esteemed
by all who knew him.— Chur. Cour.
Macon Liberality —A AA’orthy Example. —
AA e learn from the Macon Telegraph that the elo
quent Agent of the AA’esleyan College of that city,
the Rev. John P. Duncan, has recently collected
there ten thousand dollars, for the purpose of erec
ting additional buildiugr, to the already splendid
structure which graces Lhat city.
Re elected. —Hon. James Ilailan, whose sea-in
the Senate was vacated last week on the ground of
an irregularity in the proceedings of the State Le
gislature by which he was elected, was yesterday
re-elected a United States Senator by the present
Legislature of lowa, the vote being 63 lor Mr. Har
lan to 3o for his competitor. The term for which
Mr. H. has been thus a second time chosen will not
expire untilthe Ith of March 1861.— jS'at. In!.
VOL. LXX.—NEW SERIES VOL. XXI. NO. 5
Tin* Recent Storm.
We continue to receive additional details of dis
: asters by the recent storm:
1 Petersburg, Jau. 24. —The cold on Thursday
night was indisputably the bitterest that has, per
haps. ever been experienced in this region— not
excepting the memorable spell in February, 1835,
when the thermometer was at onetime almost down
to zero. Yesterday (Friday) morning at sunrise, or
«little after, it was 10 degrees below zero in the
street.
Mr. John IT. Brown the only son and child of the
late Morders.i Brown, of this city, died on Sunday
night at the Bollingbtook Hotel from the effects of
cold. He had returned at a late hour to his room
and went to bed chilled through from l/'s exposure
to the storm, lie complained several rimes during
the night ot being unable to get warm,but his com
panions thinking that nothing serious was the ina* '“r,
threw additional covering upon him, and at h;s*
thinking that lie bad fallen asleep, they sunk in
slumbers also. The next morning when they r. •
they found Mr. Brown dead in his bed.
Stii.t. Another.— Mr. R. S. Edwards, who sold
oysters and fish in a shop on Market Square, war
tound frozen to death in his shop on Monday moiv
iog. He came here a few years ago from Norfolk ,
where it is supposed he has left a family.
And Yet Another. — A negro man in the em
ployment of Mr. James King, was found dead on his
bod ou Monday morning. It is supposed that lie
died from the effects of the cold also.
Wreck of the Schr. Time, and loss of
Lives. We reported yesterday in our ship news
t he wreck of the Schr. Time, Capt. Binge, on Satur-
Uay night last, with other melancholy particulars,
*ud have since been favored bv a gentleman Who
conversed with the survivors, with the following
thrilling tacts :
The Time went ashore about 8 P. M., on Lvnn
liayoii beach off Crump's hill. The ice was very
thick, aud a ridge of show froth has formed alont
the shore, to which the vessel lay so near that her
masts as they fell over reached to it. The mate
Kankiiis, and three racii, stiff with cold ns they
wore, contrived to slide along upon one of the masts
and passed through the froth to the shore with
scarcely life enough to exert themselves. A hoy
about 14 years old, belonging to the vessel, had also
succeeded in reaching the shore; hut was found by
the mate prostrate in the snow and so badly frosted
as to he unable to tise.
Hie mate picked him up and shook him so as to
restore circulation, and then made the attempt to
i etnrn to the vessel t rescue the Captain, who was
a cripple and could not help himself; but it was
found impossible to relieve him notwithstanding his
entreaties, and I hey were urged to seek the nearest
house for assistance. They reached the house, hut
owing to the depth of the snow drifts, the violence
of the wind and tiie intense cold, it was impossible
to get a cart or any other aid to the s' .ire, although
close at hand. The captain had several hundred
dollars with him, and no one on hoard but himself
and the cook. He had offered all his money if assis
tance could be procured for hia preservation. I
The next morning early tiie mate, though much 1
debilitated by the eold aud his efforts to save the 1
boy, returned to tiie wreck, where lie found tiie poor
captain stiff in death and a mere icicle. His pocket 1
book was gone. The mate then retraced his steps
to the house, and on his way hack found the dead ’
body of the cook in the snow, with tho pocket book 1
which lie had endeavored to save. The survivors I
have reached this city.— Norfolk llnnhi, Jan. 22. '
The storm in Portsmouth was equally severe as '
iu our city, and was attended by more serious con- '
sequences. A whole family was buried in the ruins
of a house by tiie falling of a chimney. On Sunday
night, Ml’. Edward Kerr, wife aud child, were git- |
ting by the fire in a shed room of their residence,
when the chimney fell, aud instantly killed the wife ■
and child. Mr. K. was caught iu the ruins, aud
when discovered life was almost extinct. He still 1
remains in a critical condition. There were several 1
chimneys blown down, and the tinning of houses 1
ripped up from the roofs.
i iie Norfolk Argus of Wednesday says :
“An old negro slave named Jeffrey, living near 1
Town Bridge froze to death Monday night. lie had
sufficient clothing, fuel, iVe., in his room, but was '
very aged and infirm.” j
The Terrible Accident on the Euie Hah..
KOAit.— One Man Killed and Thirty Injured . — The
following particulars ot the serious accident, to the
Cincinnati express train on the New York and Erie
railroad, on the 16th inst., were furnished by one of
the injured passengers:
The train consisted of one baggage and two pas
senger ears, containing not far Jroin fifty persons,
and at the time the accident, occurred wus going
at a moderate speed. Our informant was in the
forward passenger car and says he was first con
scious ot receiving a violent shock, and immediate
ly felt himself precipitated towards one end of the
car with most ot the passengers, and the wreck of
the seats and the stove piled up together.
It seems the locomotive and tender parted from
the rest of the train and were thrown off on the side
from the river, while tho cars went down the bank,
which is about fifteen feet above the'water. The
river was frozen ah>ng the shore,and one end of the
first passenger car plunged through the ice, smash
ing the front and letting water into the car to the
depth of two or three feet. Fortunately the fire in
the Btove was at once extinguished by the water.—
As soon as the passengers recovered consciousness
they set to work to break their way out through the
shattered front of the cur. A iad who was fasteued
under the fragments of the seats was completely
drenched with wuter, aud came near freezing to
death before he was extricated. Nearly all the
passengers in the forward car were more or less
bruised, thou'h no limbs are believed to be broken.
The rear car remained resting upon the ice, while
its occupants were found to have suffered more or
less from contusions. The baggage ear was com
pletely demolished, aud one man in it, a passenger
killed, whose name our informant was u'mblejto
learn. Deceased was a sailor, aud was coming on
from Cincinnati. Ilis parents are said to reside in
Boston. There were three or four others in the bag
gage car, all of whom had a veiy narrow escape
from death, and were quite seriously injured.
The wounded were conveyed to the nearest
dwelling house—about a quarter of a mile distant—
and medical assistance procured as soon as possible.
Our informant received a severe cut over his rigid
eye about three inches in length, which he thinks
was caused by his head coming in violent comct
with some portion of the car. In consequence ot the
rails being displaced, aud not. in a passable condi
tion for trains, the passengers arriving with the next
traiues, east and west, together with their baggai ~
were transferred and tiie respective trains return* a.
The Weather at the West.—A letter from
Rev. Alfred Brunson, Sup’t of the Methodist Mis
sion at Prairie du Chien, dated 31st Dec. says :
I started on Thursday morning, December 23.1,
from the Lathrop settlement for Haney Valley, to
attend service there on Wednesday. But I had not
proceeded far before my horse’s legs were covered
with bloody from going through the crust on the
snow. I tried every possible means to induce
to keep on, both by walking before him and break
ing the crust, and by driving without avail; ro I had
to tie him to a tree an go*in search of a house—Mr.
Brown’s ; but it was near night and I cou d not find
it, though 1 knew it was not far off. In this lost and
bewildered state I wandered about for five nights
and four days, without seeing or hearing a living be
ing or habitation, and with nothing to eat or drink,
until i got here on Saturday night, with just enough
of life to be numbered with the living.
Mr. Brunson says, that at Prairie du Chien im
mense snow storms have fallen, and that the present
winter is the most severe he has experienced on the
frontier during his residence ttiere, which has been
for 21 years.
Perseverance Rewarded. —A case of perseve
rance worthy of record recently occurred in Boston.
A merchant there had a pile of lumber on the dock,
which was to be shipped at once. The day before
shipment i* snowed and covered the lumber up. A
gang of laborers could not be had, and what to do
lie didn’t know. Be was accosted by a young man
to know the time, when he asked him why he did not
carry a watch. The young man said he could not
afford it The merchant told him he would give
him his w'atch (worth $200) if he would digtfae boards
out by breakfast time. The young man attempted
the task, and accomplished it working by moonlight
all night, and the next day’s sun shone upon the
scene of his labors, displaying a vast pile of boards,
over Iv'o hundred feet in lengthy fifty in v'ldlk, and
six in height. Having accomplished his task, he
shouldered his shovel and started home to breakfast,
after, which he repaired to the counting room of Ihe
astonished merchant for the prize which he had so
fairly earned. The latter promptly paid the forfeit.
The young man is a Bostonian, about twenty-one
years of age, and unused to laborious employment.
. Th 6 Sphygmoscope.—A London physician has
invented a noble instrument, called the sphygraog
cope, for indicating the movements of the heart. The
nstrument consist of a small chamber filled with
spirits of wine, or other liquid provided with a thin
India rubber wall where it is applied to the chest.
At the opposite extremity, the chamber communi
cates with a glass tube, which rises above the level
of the chamber. The liquid is putinto tiie instrument
until it stands in the tube a little above-the chamber,
the pressure of the liquid in the little tube acts upon
the elastic or yielding wall of .India rubber, and|
causes it to protrude. When t y e India rubber chest
piece receives an impulse on its exterior, it causes
the liquid to be forced up the tube. The protruding
w all of India rubber is driven inward, when it is
brought in contact With that portion of the chest
which is struck by the apex of the heart, and a rise
in the tube takes place. The tube is supplied with
a graduated scale, to denote the rise and fall with
exactitude; on the top of the glass tube is a collar,
to prevent the egress of the liquid ; when employed,
this collar or valve is left open for the passage of the
air.
Tombs of Mordecai and Esther. —These tom bn
which are held in the highest veneratioh by the
Jews of Persia, are situated in the centre of llama
dan, the former capital of Persia. They are care
fully kept in the highest state of repair. 1 lie fol
lowing is atranalation ol' the inscription on the dome
over these tombs : —“On Thursday, the lblh of the
mouth of Adar, in the year of the creation of the
world 4471, the building of this temple over the
tombs of Modecai and Esther was finished by the :
hand of two benevolent brothers, Elias and Samuel,
Bons*of the late Ishmael of Kachan.” Fen ier, in his
“Caravan. Journeys and Wanderings ” says: “It
is now nearly eleven centuries and a Mff
monument was constructed. TJie tombs are .fbatje
of rather hard black wood, whieji has suftWcd little’
from the effects of time. They are coyered with
Hebrew inacriptione, still very legible, of which Sir
John Ual* fm lias given the following translation :
“At tbaf time there was in palace of Suza, a
certain Jew, of the name of Moraccai: he was tlie
sou of Jair, of Shimei, who was the son of Kish, a
Benjamite, for Mordecai, the Jew was the second
of that name under the King Ahasuerus, a man
much distinguished among the Jews and enjoying
great consideration among his own people, auxious
for their welfare, and seeking to promote the peace
of all Asia.”
ExPLoLsro.s of a Heating Apparatus. — I The,
boiler of a heating apparatus in theTiotU" of Sir-
Houston, on Centre street, exploded on S',lurch-v,
bulging the wall of the kitchen, knocking do wfc the
stove, and playing several serious pranks It Vjp
pears that during the cold weather of labt week f t||e
pipe leading from the apparatus to the street froze,
ai.dthe boiler was still kpt dry and heated. The
so f t weather of Saturday thawed the pipe, and the
cold water rushed in from the street into the boiler,
generated a quantity of steam —more than it v./m
able to bear— and a:: explosion was the- resu! .
Luckily, no one was net: when the took
place, or we should have been under the y p uf.-'
ceshity at this time of recording the loss of IJ* I uis
should serve as a warning.— Wheeling Timel < t
Monday.
Disaster at Ska —The ship Charlolfe K s-d,
Capt. Coombs, from New Orleans for Leg uorn, ?u -
rived offTyhee on Tuesday, Wtb.iu distresg She
sailed from New Orleans on the Btu lost . and had
fair weather until the 1 8th, when, encountering’a
gale she wasdriven on the Baahama Banks, where
she remained during twenty-four hours. While on
the Banks, the ship sprung aleak. On the passage
here she encountered rough weather, and reached
Tybee with four feet of water in her hold. She will
be towed up to the city to-day, when Capt. C
thinks it will only be necessary to discharge a pru t
of her cargo to enable him to make the necessary
repairs. The ship is loaded with tobacco. — Sav.
Sews.
An entirely new route over which a journey
from the Carson Valley to Salt Lake, was made in
only seventeen days, has just been discovered. Ibe
distance is said to be only three hundred miles short
er than any route previously discovered.— Ala.
Journal.
Annuel sdnteinmi <ll ihf Mm.n- Trade ol'ihe
lulled Sinlrs.
by the New Voile Shipping List
. and Prion Current sVnv tint tl.c total nesipts of
foreign unrehned sugar into the Touted States for
tne year ending I). comber 31, 1836, were 275 Mi
■ tons against re, o pts in 1855 of 205,064 tons, and
>4, Ju0.920 tons, and the quant'ty of this descrip
tiontaken for oonsurapton in 1856 was 255,292 tons,
aaoinst 1.12,60, tons in 1855, and 150,851 tons in
ii l <‘r lDg an ,ncioase consumption of foreign
as compared with 18*5. oi 62,685 tons, or
' *'«> •«'«' '-omsumpthm oft'or
. Vii and domestic m IHoli, (assuming the stock of
8-8-riw <ie; '"" p -"" n en< *y em ' to be equal,) was
oir’iV ; c,l? ‘ «»•»>>>« a total consumption in 1855 of
■I,, jj, tons: in 18)1. :)S5298 tons; in 1853 372 089
tons; 111 I_B.IV. 310,217 tons, and in 1851,
t 0.0. making the coosmnption of last year about
the same —,t was 1855: or, to be more minute,
V, i shghlly advance our estimate of the sugar
m: *“* “ " ’be post year, for although the
pin- •<n iio-..i'-s.-s lot.i .inched a point scarcely, if
,>Vi; .b ’ ...tu’tiod, yet lor sugar, a correspond
ing lilea price hi- n ... realized and the process of
i< I. rig. .is 10-t bo, mmremunerative. A close and
vie., rmed ~i ivor tnnatos the quantity of
sugar made Iro.n molasses in 1856, at 11,875 tons,
yielded troin 53,000 lih 1-. of molasses; against 11
lod toi.s from qll,iii-li i.hda, in 1855. \\ o have been
mmole to obtain any reliable iniormation respect
ing the prodn, t ot the maple tree; we have applied
I'n .'n f" rt T fi «' Washington, but they re
-I*7 tf, fsV hnve been unnbie to procure any sat
low Zvw"«n)'° re use our Bgu.es of
!' Otllltoiis. Ihe estimated consumption
ot ( nltforma and Oregon, in round numbers, is
i,"nil tons, which makes ihe total consumption
ot raw sugar in the United States n 1556 412 135
tons. * ’
By referring to (lie figures as given above, it will
be Been that the imports of foreign sugar into the
United states during the past year greatly exceed
any like period in th.. history of the country This
Wge mere.,sets to the continued and
\iij Serums tailing etl of the crop in Louisiana
&.1, the past two years. The yield of Sugar from
domestic cane has been steadily and rapidfy dimln
lshing since 1 8. 3—l That season 419,325 lilids.
went made from tii%onne of Louisiana: in 1854-5
he Clop was 346,635 hhds, and in 1855-6 231 427
lihds The crop of this description now coming for
ward will be even less than the small one made last
year, bemg estimated at from 8(1,000 to 12000(1
liiids. It is generally conceded that it will not ’ex
ceed the latter figure, which will bo insufficient to
■ipplj Ihe wants ol the valley of (he Mississippi,
that section ot the country having last year, as
Slated ill the 1 Vice I’linent, taken from New Or
leans a supply of 131,097, and the year before 142,963
Mills,: “ does not include the consumption of
J tna '“"V '"igbborbood, estimated at 16«.-
1. ,000 hhds.; and, Coe rquentiy, the entire Atlantic
HPBDCiHi'd, ami, in a measure, the Gulf port , alao,
will have to rely solely upon sugar of foreign
growth I) meet their requirements. Should the
present rate of consumption be maintained, the
supply id foreign sugar needed by the country in
185/, will not vary greatly from 318,000 to 320,000
The present extraordinary prices which rule for
sugar are attributed by many, in a great measure
to a speculative notion; but ii would seem by com
paring the rapid increase m the consumption of the
world, the past few years, with tho hitherto com
parative small increased production, that tho steady
enhancement in its value Iris not been without
some permanent basis; there has, doubtless, been
a speculative fooling afloat, hut altogether insuffi
cient to have alone (oreed and kept, up'prices
to that height which they have attained the past
year.
The very serious decadence in the yield of tho Do
meatie Cano, is attributable to several causes, the
most prominent one being the neglect of tho great
agricultural principle of rotation of crop, aud absence
of application of proper fertilizers to the soil iieces
sary to renew its exhausted properties, besides
which, the past two or three very Severe and un
propitious Winters, have brought on the present
disastrous result to the planter, and which is felt in
amore rein ite degree, by the consumer. It would
seem that the cultivation of the description of Cane,
which has hitherto engrossed the attention of the
Louisiana planter, has reached its zenith, and many
that have been engaged in its culture have turned
tlicir attention ton'hcrand more Certain aud profi
table crops i in 18511-’ I, the crop of Sugar of that
State having been very large, prices touched so low
a point that some oi those engaged extensively in
its culture, abandoned it, and converted tlicir plan
rations into Cotton fields ; so that, where in 1852
there was ill Louisiana, as stated by Mr. Cham
ponder, 1-181 Sugar Houses, in 1855 the number
bad decreased to le'llfi, and at the present time it is
even smaller; these sac Bseem to indicate that the
falling oil’in the yield of Domestic Sugar, partakes
more of a permanent than a temporary character.
I lence, it is obvious that at least for the uext two or
three years, w< must be far more dependent upon
tho product of foreign countries for our supply of
this article, than we have ever yet been, and though
its present high value may not be sustained, a re
turn to alow range of prices cannot be expected
soon to occur. . ’
_ fiur planters have always labored under great
disadvantage in competin'.- with our Tropical neigh
bors, the climate here being less genial, the cane
requires much greater attention, while a considera
ble portion of each year’s growth must lie reserved
for planting ; imthe Tropics, on the contrary, the
cane is a perennial, a natural and luxurious product
of the. soil, requiring less case, and yielding greater
returns. The agitation in Congress of n reduction
of duty, or an entire suspension of it for a period, is
not calculated lo iur reuse! the confidence of the
American planter in extending its culture under the
disadvantages enumerated!
The attention of the National Legislature has
been attracted by the alarming diminution in the
supply of domestic sugar, tiud Congress, with com
mendable alacrity, during the lust session, voted a
sum sufficient to lit out u notional vessel to procure
a fresh supply of cane cuttings, from lluhiu, British
Guiimna, &c., fur free qii-tiihulioii among tho
Southern planters, aud an xpeditlou left this port
7th November lust, oil this errand ; its return is
soon looked for, and a beneficial result is hopefully
anticipated.
Owing to tho rapid detefiroation and failure of
the Louisiana Cane, increasing .consumption and
couseqiu-ut high prices that Si gar has commanded
the past two years, Ike attention of agriculturists
has u- cn dirt-clod to other’eucobariferoUß plants,
and the * S o -limn Sic-ti " ,-r Chinese Sugar Cane,
aecus to occupy c •nsideruble attention at this junc
ture 1; ; said it cun'jo; profitably raised In all
latitude; where Ii a, t.i <_'.-r.t ripens, and various
meriiij a. i.:i -if -if .ch-cti, if they bo true,
wouidsot-in to .in. . y c.i ox!ended culture; but
farmers, ns a c >•: <, arc exceedingly inert, very re
luctant tochn’ig. the .lip-. *u of tbei* industry,and
to adopt new and •uried c. 'ps, ..ad the probabili
ties are, that many y< ;s will < lapse before we shall
be relieved from a on foreign sources of
supply, by Sugar made from this plant.
We noticed last year, g - ore of the causes aiding
the advancing tendency of this article, the large ab
sorption of low priced t ugais on the continent for'
distillation. This remark may be repeated with in
creased force. The continued failure of the grape
crop in Europe, and the serious deficiency In the
crop of cereals in Spain, Portugal, and the Italian
Provinces, still exert a far from unimportant effect
on the value of sugars, lead i g, as it aoes, to the di
version of beet sugar, which terms so largo and im
portant a product «»n tho continent, from Its more
legitimate uses into distillation for the manufacture
of brandies, &c., and France by consequence, is
rapidly becoming more and more dependent for her
supplies on the tropical cane.
The .Storm ut the N'oriln
The Northern and other papers received by mail
contain long accounts ol the storm and its effeots.
In Baltimore it commeftood about nine o’clock Sat
urday night. The Patriot of the 'following Monday
says. ,
Ten, aud in some instances as many qs twelve to
fifteen feet oi thocryetalized vapor had to be dug
away before an egress or ingress could be effected.
Many amusiug incidents have come under our no
tice this morning, but we have only time and room
to record a couple. A gentleman doing business
down town, but who resides in the West end, whilst
at breakfast, concluded to remain housed for the
day, but on thinking for a moment lie recollected
he had a note for a dat able amount to pay, aDd
as he bad all his funds about him, lie concluded to
make an attempt to get out,; he first tried his front
doer, but found the snow drifted over the transom ;
then he made an effort to get out the back way,
when the same difficulty presented itself, but being
a determined man, he ascended to the second story
of his dwelling, and by climbing across ft grape ar
bor and over sundry fences he- finally succeeded in
reaching a back street aud some hours afterwards
his place of business.
We saw a baker delivering his bread in ratfier a
novel manner ; on the side of the street which was
bare he would deposit his basket, and then take a
supply for his customer ou the embargoed side,
when by making sufficient notice to attract the at
tent ion of the inmates to the second story window,
he would throw the loaf in.
The New York Herald, speaking of the appear
ance of that city next day, says i
The morning opened even more gloomily ,than
the night hjuf closed in. An immense snow-cloak
covered tiie*city from King e Bridge to the Battery.
The wind swept across the island in fierce gusts, and
drifted the snow in someplaoeH to thodeptu of three
or*four feet, Up-town residents looked in vain for
early fctages or city cars. Gentlemen residing above
13th Street, with notes to pay down town, fiatteued
their noses gloomily against the snowed up window
panes, reluctant to go out, aud ashamed to stay at
home.
The Boston Atlas, of Tuesday morning, says :
The snow is much drifted in nearly all our streets,
in Fleet street it is JO feetJLigh, and along Coimner
cial street from sto 8 feet: in Washington and
Hanover streets 1 to fi feet, and these maybe taken
as a fair criterion of the whole. All the hoittfrrail
roads are covered, and omnibuses on ruimersjnp
ply the place of the oars. The railroads, far and
near, in New England, are all blocked, Sit strenu
ous exertions are being made to clegr them.
No trains arrived in or rsimted out upon the Rro
.vidence, Old Colony and JEiiwvrn Railroads?"ail the
coastwise linci|betng v%ry deeply’C9vejeff and ex
ceedingly drifted. Off
left the city, jAit fitter pfoctddibg as fur- n$ #righ
ton, ‘ » #; _ -4
Oar harbai"is frozen over and oervezeu with snow
at least two feet deep. Fe,r m the (-ye can reach
’fAtrif the heights of Eu.it Bouton, tiie harbor and Bay
present almost an tmhtbken plain of snow, without
a single line of blue Water.to mark ti channel. 'The
islands loom like greut snow drifts, and here and
there a small craft at anchor in the stream, looks
ike a pie bald pony tethered to a tree.
The Amazon seems to Ijave struck a streak of
bad luck. She has been blown ashore again, as will
be seen by the following notice taken from the Nor
folk Herald ■
Theßtea#ek Amazon —The ue,v sleamer is re
ported under our marine head aa having left Phila
delphia for Savouuub, and putinto Lynnbaveu Inlet
for fuel; while waiting for which she was exposed to
tire gale on Sunday last, and drove up high and dry
on the beach. Capt. McGioughtiu, who commands
her, came up yesterday morning for assistance to
launch her and knag her around to this port to be put
in order again, who. he will proceed on to Savan
nah. Capt. ill., says she was built expressly to
carry cotton between Savannah and Augusta; and
th.tt she w/.l carry 000 cords of wood aud only draw
throe feet of water.
DiiATH uv lioN. Pkf.sion S. Brooks.— The Na
tional Intc’.iig meer, announcing the death Hon. P.
S. Brooks, Buys:
Ho had been unwell but two or three days, and
bis i: . pOiiitiu was hardly known beynd the circle
of Lib particular friends/when information of his
death broke iipna the public:heart with more than
ordinary poleu* . •»; v\ learu from one of the col
leagues of the 1 oenteu deceased, that his malady
Wilo ..fcvere cold, wliicu terminated in violent
croup at a moment when his friends had reason to
suppose Lhai the crisis of !>»■- iHm-ss had passed.
Death of the Hon. Andrew Stevenson
We learn from the Charlottesville (Va.) Advocate,
that the Hon. Andrew Stevenson died at Blenheim,
L s residence in Alb marie, at 9 o’clock on Sunday
night, in bin 7-l.li v tar, of pneumonia. The Advo
cate mates that Mr. Stovenson’s health had been
failing lor many months. LiUt fail his nervous sys
tem was considerably shaken by a painful injury to
a nerve of his hand. His friends Were prepared! to
expect his death at any moment.
Augusta, Jan. 28.—The brig Helen, F. Byder
from Jacksonville for New York, has been aban
doned. Crew arrived at Portsmouth.