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J .isri'-'S - PW'MIi & I.EITJiJSR
Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel.
iljfmuclt & Sentinel.
, 0
Farther i olifornin
I We
*. :r ♦'RiifoMila files to (Ue2oth ult.
j y Hi* m CALiri>KMA —The priiw ipa! of Gov-
J oiT:*-.: Johi-'o;.' hiamd are tLe vigilanoe
It c«Minnitlm atiti the finance of the Htate. He repu
-tiatA.* the committee, but bolds sacred the State
it In r to the fin&rce of'the State, the
I of the exhibit is as follow.-
j T ** > a*aiic*. of oath in the treasury January Ist,
wh $ 104.27. The debt for which the State
is honorably bound {exclusive of the school fuod.>
or? *fce I*'* d*ty of January. 18C7. amounta to s■<,-
&>4 * W 9; . and an tJ>e Ist day of July next will be
■•M r"eH«*d jiiakiug a total of:
whh*tthe rfieaub ixfw provided by law for the pay
‘ ■• ■’ * c inlet eat on ‘ h*M debt only arm unts to
3~<‘» Tu- fc i? a deficiency on the interest account
•4 $1 ',74l.which has to be supplied from the
general fuad to make $265,111.56, l»t*ng tl»e *nter
>n funded bond*-. ai>d «choo! fujid. The saxneex
hiliit ►hows th* expenditure for the yea* 1556, Inclu
ding ateref-t, to be51,‘241,259.38, and the reoeiptain
• •'tuniry tot the period, sss*s,-
173 I st . leaving a deficiency of $353,785.34.
The total r ceipts into the Slate treasury from all
“* Tees, from Jart nary Ist. 1856, to January 13r.ii,
1-'*;, was $ 1,323,;/*! .89, while the expcn<litore dur
iug the a nme period were $1,198,148.21. In addi
lon to the balance in the treasury Jan. Ist, 1857, of
< ' ?*.' •’ M.j, tiio Governor shows that
*- ■Aur/ been received, making the sum total of
*7'» .vi the treasury np to January 13,1857.
| Krorn f!i« «nm Micro hae b«-en paid to the school
i f • s3l, f 72 45, the general fund $84,490.40,
| 6 ( !«>inptr<’lU'i warrant** Also, sl2*,-
i p»o t.-pr*ivide f»#r the payment of the interest on
♦be State debt due U. i July. I *57, leaving a balance
it? the tr<-lifiarv, on the 13th day of January, 1857, of
*! JD.fd? 65. J •
The fJovernor says: 11 Pay this debt by the
means which the cousf i(ution
(U 1 ai the present ncasiou of the Legislature legul-
Jy.tng ibe bOAdnl iudebt-dness, permitting comp
troller’a warrania issued after the first day ofJanu
ryVwhicb may «of be r. deem* J prior U* the Ist of
I July next, to be funded m*d*r the act of 1856, alike
wiih the warrant- i^uedprior to January, 1857;
*u a law embodyi»g those features, present to the
: e «},’e tor thoir ratification or rejection, at the next
In ) ’gard t<* Indian affairs, the Governor repre-
I thattl eie exists peace and quietude with the
J carious tribes m the Stale. lie, however, disap
! prove* of ?he pretieiJi policy of colonizing them in
! ft:*- rr.i*:M*.f thi whiter, and recommends that a
f home be provided for them among the tribes beyond
I the Sierra Nevada.
| T:.e vol« in the Legislature for two T'nited States
I Sruators, stood :—For Senator for th«; longterm—
| M o l il. k 79, Stanley 1 l,Coftroth L , Weller 1, By
[ m n 1. For the short term it was—Gwiu 82, Crabb
!17 Hargennt 11, Stanley 2, Shafter L
The quantity of dust received from the mines
is-o the 3d January had been very light. Messrs.
Weils, Fargo fc Co.’s messengers have brought
down from January 2d to date only about $1,259,-
990 in dust, or an average daily of about $70,000;
w hereas in Reasons that the miners are generally
err.ployed they' bring down $3,000,000 per month
The deposits ot gold at the branch mint in this city,
from Jan. 2 to 17 inclusive, were 44,2520unce5, val
ned at about SBIB,OOO.
Mi. Gwiu has published a letter in which he states
that lie shall not interfere in the dispensation of ex
ecutive favors.
The United States Diet riot pdurl hae affirmed 1 lie
d«M inion of the land commission in the confirmation
of the claim of John A. Sutter to New Helvetia,
which embraces the ground ou which Sacramento
city stands.
The earthquuke which was felt in San Francisco
<*n the 9th intt., seems to have extended iiCTrly
thr . ughoul the entire length of the State. The shock
wa>* felt at Sacramento at a quarter before eight
o’clock A. M., in San Francisco ut 8] ; at San Die
go, and other points along the southern coast, at
about 81 o'clock. At the Tatter place it was more
.•'ever® ihnn any similar visitation within the memo
ry of its oldest inhabitant*. Men and women rush
ed from their houses into the gtreot-—the shock last
-13 Several misut* s. By express from Fort Tejon
j we learn that the shock was also felt at that place
( and lasted from three to five miuutes, shuking down
abodes, walls and chimneys.
V' v. digging have been struck in El Dorado
i> urity. Miners arc Hooking there and claims are
| held ash gh as $1,500.
A man n nUcd Ib ujumin Fenwick, a Virginian,
?ifl fi-.-zen to death In Hope Valley on the 15th of
! December. Flour was worth 25 oenta per pound.—
1 he snow at Big Canon is four feet deep and on
J inson’s Smiimit ten feet.
Tin* following items are from the Sail Francisco
papers.
St veral large sales of real estate have recently
been made at advanced prices.
A Washingtonian temperance society is about be
ing formed in this eity similar to that founded in
Baltimore in 1840.
J Hawes Davis, for several years a resident of
this city, and formerly a clerk iu the law office ot
Messrs. Brown, Pratt Sl Tracy, committed suicide
on Wednesday, 14th inat., b\ taking strychnine.
A motion before the Board of Education to ad
mit. (’him s. ■ children under 18 years of age as pupils
.n h«- uvcuing school was lost by n vote of 7to 2.
Ti*e report .of the city sexton for the year 1856
gives tho whole number of deaths ns 1,846, being 54
more than lopt year, and 349 less tKau in 1854. Males
.52: It-males llil stillborn 183.
'fhc tihbustei expedition fitting out in California
!or Sonora is to consist «•! about 1,000 men fully
•ivmed. The force, it is said, is already organized
• iud about t«i sail.
Some days since it was announc'd that the State
treasurer hud deposited with the Pacific Express
• ■Hipany the sum ofs!24,OUOto be transmitted to
NTt u York to meet th«* July interest ou tin*- tStute
bomts. Late last night a writ of
i planted by Judge Notion, rvstidining the Fyfrcss
lomputiy from forwarding the money. Application
»r injunction was made by counsel in the name of
tin \ttorney General, and the complaint sets lorth
that the numev whs withdrawn from the treasury in
, violation of law. There is a grand speculative
! ' ; »me in this matter, the development oi which
1 will lie somewhat startling.
KkomKonoila. —The Han Diego Herald of Janu
*ty if furuiiuiCS tho following summary ol news from
Sonora:
Bv th« hi 11 val in town yesterday, of Mr. Bela nap,
frmn S mora. we have further intelligence from this,
present,interesting locality. Mr. B. came through
. the tinprei edentedly short space of six days. Ou
.ho morning of the 23a of November the Gandara
party attacked the Qoveruinent troops, and after
fighting all the forenoon were glad to retreat, hav
ing lost eighteen men killed and several wounded.
It? Indians are all in the interest of Grandara, and
it • tlu.tight that if he hud been present to have taken
the command, his party would have been success
ful He left for Mexico some months since, leaving
i.iw brother in command It is generally understood
that Pieeideut L’ouionforl is desirous of reappoint
ing Grandma Governor of Sonora, but tin people
•:r« opposed to him—and hence the present contest
between the rival factions.
The Apaches are getting very trouble some, and
• v*- the terror of the whole Northern frontiers ot So
ltd h A ohristcuing party at' some t wenty persons,
u l;o le:i. Mi at' a short time since, foi u church four
i • 'C five mffos di*tant, were attacked on the road by
a irmraudiug band of ludians, and lour women, four
chikio n.rttid two men were murdered. Tlie rest
manage d to make their esiiapc.
The >new was two feet deep on the mountains
1 Fast of Han YsabeL
Nothing new at the Colorado.
Tweniy * ight thousand sileep from New Mexico
, had been ferried over the Colorado on the 23d
n«l Vlili ult., and are being driveu up to San
; Francisco.
Tin* now copper mine reoently discovered, twen
i ty-six miles above Fort Yuma, is represented t«.» be
\ eiy ti.’h, and the proprietors are making prepara
! tion*» to w.ak it on an extensive scale,
i Tit Rfvolution in Peru. —Our telegraphic
j dispatch* s. published on Saturday, gave an ac
| c »unt of tiie progress of the revolution in Peru,
<1 added that the revolutionists had seised the
(Vmcha Dlands. The Panama Star further adds :
■ The Governor of the Island was removed aud a
j i w one appointed, and a oirenlar was sent to the
. guilts and captains of vessels stating that no change
• . i-.’.d h - made in the mode of conducting business.
| 1 s «a'd that three steamers of the revolutionai y
| pars v, which seized the Islands, had 1,800 men on
I lioavd Geu. Vi van co issued a circular te the di
' ; . mafic agettts -taring that he was in possession of
jit iniichas, aud that all countries would be re
, President Castilla has issued a decree prohibiting
j *he supply of provisions, <fcc.,to the revolutionists.
} under penalty of trial by martial law.
j B*n*..ci 4R Circumstance.-—There is a man iu
I our Stat- prison ai the present time that since he
j has b. en in said institution has seen for the first
j time for six years the wife of his youth. He became
j estranged loom her many - years since and subso
| qucnily tuarrieil again, believiug* her to be dead.—
| Att< opting to commit highway robbery, he was
I T.t a* the State prison, and the manner iu which
! I hi» wife is as Follows ;—A day or two
i .■ >_• • ♦ ». arv stud one of the officers, aud remarked
| Am! t:r ougi; a grated window of the eastern wing
j in which his cell is situated lie had for st veral days
j BeHii n woman pass regularly whom he felt conn
i •’< i nom her unit to be hie first M ile. She lived in
I a house opposite the prison, and lie desired that the
j office; shouid inquire in i*ixter that he might satisfy
himst jf that hie ooijeoturee were well toundeiL—
The officer, impressed with the singularity of the af
| tnir. complied with ihe request, and found that the
" I'inii -r« the prisoner’** u ite.she having long since
j fh* »<ht him dead. an*i was unconsciously living
J within his Verj^sight. The officer did not inform
j the n man that her husband was an opposite neigh
j hor. ami he will continue to be such tor four years
I mun if .-lie daring that time remains in the same lo-
I cality Ho,ton iW
J h ivox op Foot* for Animals.—The kind of
k>od lor amrnaia should be changed frequently. A
horse long kept on shorts will be affected with a
■> v. >. in bis legs and feet,producing a result similar
to founder Shorts, corn meal or cob meal, should
never ha given except m a mixed state with cut hay
or straw. This will require them to eat slower and
•he food is better prepared for digestion. If given
au*ne. it ♦emieuts rapidly in the stomach, produces
a general lever, injures the digestive powers, and
tin ally jsrodu)C**a stiffness throughout the limbs.
When t! esc results are discovered, the remedy i* a
of food. Continued feeding ou oats alone
w'.ii produce th« same iceuit .as -horts or meal, and
•v*;» any a founder is caused by it as by teed lug and
3rii-kin*g when the horse is warm. If necessity com
'.*v*s a person to feed a horse on shorts, com meal, or
- b hiohl, a supply of salt shouid be added to rre
u rhientati.*u in the stomach.— /. Ag> t-
Lo> . IsLisn Biii.KtUD.—We learn that a train
c* ’ iie Long Diana Railroad succeeded iu getting
*hrong fnooi Brooklyn to Greenport, ou Thursday
’ isr. being the first c. mmnnication by railroad with
i; v p.HCC siih*« !h»- 22d of December. 1856. Trains
iHvi previmis-iy run, iiowevaf, to Mattatuck. a p*.uut
Tubic 12 miles of that place. A private letter, da- ,
t*-d February 7th, states that not a pound of flour
couki be laiaght &i Gi eenpoi't at that date. For
many days the rahde were to travellers
<»o The scow was never known to dis
i* jwur .'o rapidly in so short & time as during the
.te warm weather. I: is believed that trains will
now be run with some degree of regularity, unless
atK.tiwr heavy fall of snow should oecur .-^-Jpurnal
\ rti-xiNT Stili. Si ccessful.—The almost num
*enea* iiiata-nees ot highway robbery that have oc
iirrt d if kite, aud the coudequent caution used by
on'torn to guard against the approach of HSHassius
n* tin: night time has thus far had but little effect to
.T» katan u V ,re ««‘ ret in their operations, hm we
called ou to record two more in
... being knocked down and robbed
- j rawfc bequented places in the citv
'* * m * r ™** of Monday.
V\ better^knT^ 11 Fl^l a t» instant.
... h t i_ v. - l . Wn ** Johnny Bull, vras
‘“J / h - f^ e?ht tr * ,n on the Macon & West
ern Rafti road, at Barnesvilie, and was so severely
i n lhal btxdied in & tew hours. The accident
j iseaTd to have beer, occasioned by his own rashness
end in*; ruaetiCe, in attempting to get on the train
after u Had stalled from the depot. —Umpire Sin!' .
A-vm m —The Tc-pograpineal Socie
ot I huiulelpLiahave taken preliminary measures
h*r the eatablishment of an asylum foi* superannua
ted printers and the widows and orphans of deceas
ed punters
To itie De#cendnutx of the OIH< ersof th«* < on
linentul Amy cf the Kevolntioa ihioiiMiiojii
ihe I’oion*
As the recent bill before Congress for the settle
ment of y<mr claims is supposed, in no slight de
gree, b have been defeafiru in the Senate of the
United Statea. by the belief that these claims were
almost exclusively held by a horde of rapacious
speculators, who bad purchased them at a great de
preciation, which impression The undersigned be
lieves to be entirely vnfounded.' measure* ought*at
once to be taken to correct an t-rror which Las ex
erted an influence so fatal to your interests.
If the materials are furnished to the subscriber
by yourselves, (as some one must take the initia
tive,; he offerß to prepare, however irksome the
task, a census of the descendants surviving of the
officers of the Revolution, who served to the end of
the war. and who, under the provisions of the recent
bill before the .Senate, were to have been the object*
of its bounty—specifying from what officer descend
ed, how related to him, t<* what line, region eat, or
staff he was attached, his rank, and when he died
When this information is obtained, the subscriber
will prepare lists in conformity, that they may be
verified by the Muster Rolls of the Continental
Army on tile in the War Office at Washington, to
be appended to any memorial you may think pro
per tft present to Congress at its next session.
As the undersigned believes that no case was
ever decided in a Court of Chancery in England or
in the United States which contained a stronger
equity than the claims to which he refers, (apart
from the considerations of national gratitude and
public faith) be would respectfully suggest the expe
diency of presenting to Congress such a memorial,
founded on the information he seek- to obtain. '1 he
vote by which the bill was carried in the House of
Representatives, and the support it hat received in
the Senate, where it was lost but by a single vote,
are all propitious auspices iu fever "f Uuimate suc
<*eßf», when the subject is more fully elucidated and
better understood.
The very wide and extraordinary range which the
debate took iu the Senate, in which »o;ne of the
gentlemen who participated in it seem to have te.t
afl the rancor of a personal and rabid hale towards
you, would indeed, fill us with apprehension and
dismay, if their vituperation was uot neutralized in
the feebb sophistry in which it was suspended aud
dissolved. Fortunately, erroneous statement i« not
truth, nor slang and for biin argument ; nor is a
great question of national justice to be approached
in the narrow spirit in which a county court lawyer
would pr**uare nis brief to sustain a plea under the
Statute of Limitations.
You have been accused of what is little short of
fraud, for presuming to ask iroin Congress the pay
ment of claims derived from an ancestry who have
no stain resting on their escutcheon, and of dishonor
to their memories, if you accept the benefaction of
our country.
At a moment most convenient to himself, and
when flic response, feeble as it may be of the uu*
del signed may tell with most effect, on public opin
ion, it is his purpose to reply to these gentlemen ; for
the Senate Chamber offers no immunity to outrage
and injustice. If he cannot emulate their ability,
strikingly illustrated by the complacent self-conceit
with which they seem to regard their labors, he will
endeavor at least to emulate their large freedom or
discourse.
In this he will not transcend the measure of ajust
retaliation, but he W'ill go to the very verge of its
frontier—to its very ultima thule. lie will do this
‘‘*/t meo periculo , and be prepared to have con
judgated against himself the verb ‘’/o be responsi
ble" through all its various modes and tenses.
With sympathy and respect,
Your fellow citizen,
J. Hamilton, of S C.
The surviving son of the late Major James Hamil
ton, of the 2d Regiment of the Pennsylvania
Line, attached to Wayne s Bridge.
iV nr River, near HI ftp lon, Beaufort District , S.
C . Feb 2*7, 1857.
N. B.—The editors of those papers who feel a
sympathy in all that belongs to the Revolution, are
respectfully requested to give the above card an in
sertion.
YVaftiiiiitfioii at Home.
I had feasted my imagination for several days in
the near prospect of a visit to Mount Vernon, the
seat of Washington. No pilgrim ever approached
Mecca with deeper enthusiasm. I arrived there in
the afternoon of January 23d, ’BS. I was the bear
er of the letter from Gen. Green, with another from
Colonel Fitzgerald, one of the former aids of Wash
ington, aud also the books from Granville Sharp.—
Although assured that these credentials Mould se
cure me a respectable reception, I trembled with
awe as 1 came into the presence of this great mau*
1 found him at table with Mrs. Washington and his
private family, and was received in the native dig
nity. and with that urbanity so peculiarly combined
in the character of a soldier und eminent private
gentleman. He soon put me at ease by unbending
in a free and affable conversation.
The cautious reserve which wisdom and policy
dictated whilst engaged in rearing the glorious fab
ric of our independence was evidently the rusult of
consummate prudence, and not characteristic of his
nature. Although I had frequently seen him iu the
progress of the Revolution, and had corresponded
with him from France in ’Bl and 'B2, this was the
firet occasion on which I had contemplated him in
his private relations. 1 observed a peculiarity in
his smile, which seemed to illumine his eye; his
whole countenance beamed with intelligence while
it commanded confidence and respect.
The gentleman who had accompanied me from
Alexandria left in the evening,jand I remained alone
in the enjoyment of the societ y of Washington for
two of the riches: days of my life. I saw him reap
ing the reward of his illustrious deeds in the quiet
shade of his beloved retirement. He was at the
matured age of fifty-three. Alexander andf’icsar
both died before they reached that period of life,
and both had immortalized their names. How
much stronger and nobler the claims of Washing
ton to immortality. In the impulses of mad and sel
fish ambition they acquired fame by wading to the
conquest of the world through seas of blood. Wash
ington, on the contrary, was parsimonious of the
blood of his countrymeu, and stood forth the pure,
virtuous champion of their rights, aud formed for
them (not himself) a mighty empire.
To have communed with such a man in the bo
som of his family 1 shall always regard is one of the
highest privileges and most cherished incidents of
my life. I found him kind aud benignant in the do
mestic circle, revered and beloved by all around
him ; agreeably social without ostentation ; deligth
ing in anecdote and adventures, without assump
tion ; his domestic arrangements harmonious and
systematic. His servants seemed to watch his eve
and anticipate his every wish ; hence a look was
equivolent to a oommaqd. His servant Billy, the
faithful companion of his military career, was at his
side. Smiling content animated aud beamed on
every countenance in his presence.
The first evening I spent under the wing of his
hospitality, wo sat a full hour at table by ourselves,
without the least interruption, after the family had
retired. 1 was extremely oppressed by a severe
cold and excessive coughing, contracted by the ex
posure of a harsh winter journey. He pressed un
to use some remedies, but I detained doing so. As
usual, after retiring, my coughing increased. When
some time had elapsed, the door of my room was gen
tly opened, and on drawing my bed-curtains to my ut
ter astonishment I beheld Washington himself Bland
ing at my bed-side, with a bowl of hot tea in his
hand. 1 was mortified und distressed beyond ex
pression.
This little incident occurring in common life,
with an ordinary man, would not have been noticed;
but as a trait ot thebeuevolenceand private virtue
of Washington, deserves to be recorded.— Men and
Times uj the American Revolution; or Memoirs
of Klkanah Watson.
Ressian Justice.—The Paris correspondent of
the Now York Times tells a story which serves to
show the rapid manner in which the Russian gov
ernment does an act of justice. Eighteen months
ago, Miss Ward, of one of our Southern States, was
married at Florence to a Polish Count. After resid
ing w ith her three weeks, he took French leave,
taking with him his wife’s jewels. He left a letter
stating that the marriage W'as invalid, from the fact
that no Russian subject could be legally married ex
cept by the Greek service. Os course the lady was
in great consternation, and at the time of the coro
nation of the Czar she wit h her mother went to St.
Petersburg. Mr. Sala, the principal writer for
Dickens’s Household Words, drew up a petition for
her to the Russian government, and it was present
ed by Mr. Seymour, the American Minister. The
case was laid before the Emperor, and an order was
issued to the Russian Minister at Naples, where the
Count wa»> living, for his arrest. He was seized by
the Neapolitan police, at the expense of Russia car
ried to Warsaw, where the lady and her f ieuds were
waiting, marched into the church by a posse of po
licemen, and was there compelled to stand up before
the altar and be married in due form. His wife, then
the Countess, turned to him as soon as the ceremony
was over, made a formal bow, aud bade him adieu
forever. The Count was sent to Siberia, his pro
perty confiscated, his wife retaining one-third by
law. The family immediately le.t for Italy, where
they are speeding the winter.
Impeachment or Judge Watrous. —The Judi
ciary Committee of the House of Representatives
have reported a resolution, which will doubtless be
adopted, “ that John C. Watrous. United States
District Judge for the district of Texas, be impeach
ed of high crimes and misdemeanors.’’ During a
di&oussiou in the House on this resolution. Mr. Boyce,
of South Carolina, said, " he had heard from a gen
tlem&n who was well acquainted with Judge Wat
rous that he was one of the most honorable, high
minded men whom he had ever known, aud that he
was considered by the Supreme Court of the United
States as perhaps the ablest district judge in the
‘ country.”
Mr. Evans, of Texas, said :
He did not know from whom his friend from
South Carolina had derived his information as to the
high character of Judge Watrous, but he could state
that soon after appointed judge of the district court
of Texas the party accused fell under suspicion, and
it became the settled op.niou of a large majority of
the people of the western portion of the State that
he was engaged iu fraudulent land soeculations.—
That opinion was endorsed by the Legislature of
Texas iu IS4B, aud he believed that there were but
few of the members of the bar and of the citizens
who did not regard Judge Watrous as implicated in
some manner or other with that class of litigation,
and improperly so. Under these circumstances it
was but fair, it was due to the purity of courts aud
to the administration of justice that this judge should
be put upon trial. He knew nothing of Judge Wat
rous himself, was never iu his court . but he believ
ed there was no question that he was a man <•!* emi
nent legal ability. As a representative of Texas,
however, it was his duty to say that while the judge
continued to hold office it would be equivalent to
having no court at all, unless be should tree himself
of the suspicions that now attached to him
Census or Missouri— The recent census of Mis
souri though declared to be inaccurate in many par
ticulars. is interesting as showing the progress of
Missouri during the last six years, and its condition
at the present time. The whole population report
ed in the returns, is 898,038: but as four counties.
Barton, Clay. Clarke, audl foßalb, are uot included,
the aggregate, it is estimated, is about 915,000.
This is not quite the round million which some san
guine Missourians predicted: but it is a good large
number for a State only thirty-six years old. aud a
veiy gratifying number when compared with the
population’ as reported by the last census. six
years ago when '.hat census was taken the total
population was 681,704. The increase then is 834,-
000, or about 38 per cent.
The total number of slaves is 89.590, and the
number of free negroes *2.652. The increase in the
number of slaves is 1,883, or about two per cent in
six years. Os the slaves the largest proportion are
in Lafayette county, which has 6,107. Howard
comes next, with 5,684 : Boone next, with 4,71*2;
Callaway next, with 4.527 ; Saline next, with 4,404;
St. Louis next, with 4.223 Pike next, with 3,863 ;
Jackson next, with 3.858, and Platte next, with
3,296. Gasconade aud Shannon have not a single
slave.
St. Louis county, of course, has the largest popu
lation. having 144,977. The largest city in the State
is Sk l-rouis with a population of 125,201.
R Sncir*E.—A letter firooi Vienna, dated
the loth ult.. in an English paper, savi : "Two sui
otdea have taken place here within the last week.
has occurred at Pe&th. under tragic
had Hungarian lawver and his wife
wa., elegant, aud iTj Ldv l i*" 1 *PP*»™"er
at the treat res eu T* ,n ’ u ‘ k ° a
of h*H- complexion. One *lmg bnlliaucy
dressed a, tor a fete went t .? S k he 2 DUre fa “ ul >-.
übe. and. tied together |, v „ the^au^ s 01 1110 Daa
middle. leaded riVermtnL '? *l'®
piece, of ice which were drifting “'a ViercSl
>hr;ek escaped the mother »n«l ™.;n. . P ierci^g
gy B °*«. WCTP Int the chMh7d C tal*
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MO ANING, FEBRUARY 2.\ 18A7.
I.\ dvcnture* of a 'lormon <fir!«*r.
American troop* on the Plain*. —We find ia the
Mercury, published at Leeds, England, a letter from
a distinguished English Mormon, (returning from
Salt Lake) addressed to bU brother in England.—
The writer, it appears, had, some six years ago,
held a responsible and lucrative position on the
Midlandrailway, which he resigned, and after dis
posing of houses and other property in Leeds, set
out with his wife and five children outhe long ocean
and land journey to Sait Lake, in company with a
large number of Mormon settlers. Six years' expe
rience brought to a sensible and intelligent mind a
thorough disgust of the Mormons and of their doc
trines and ceremonies. Before pollution reached
his own family he resolved to hazard everything and
beat a retreat, which he succeeded in finally ac
complishing. though the difficulties of an escape,
even from the wicked acene itself, are many, to say
nothing of the perils of the overland journey. He
at last arrived at St. Louis, after enduring much
suffering on the plains and narrowly escaping mas
sacre by Indians, and expresses deep gratitude
thereat, and because of his saving been brought to
a sen&e of the degraded position in which he had
previously placed himself and family. The letter
concludes with a compliment »-y reference to sever
al U. S. army officers at Fort Laramie, where the
writer and Lis family, with a number of other return
ing emigrants, (including some Californians) were
compelled to seek protection from the hostile In
dians, and turned back for that purpose. Some
half dozen other disgusted Mormons (among them
Thoe. Sutherland, once a clerk in the Bank of Ire
land, and Thou. Marretts, and a Mr. Cowdy, with
their wives and Cowdy's child) who had left Salt
Lake four days before them, had been already mas
sacred. The following is an extract j
On our arrival at this fort, the commanding officer
Col. Huffman) told u# that we had acted wisely in
turning back , that the Indian who had warned us
(“Blaekheart’s” son) had come ahead of a company
ol United States dragoons who were escorting some
Indians (prisoners) home who had been taken in the
war with the Sioux tribe last year, ‘‘BlackheartV’
son being of the number, but when within a few
days' journey of Iris tribe lie had pushed on alone.
It appears that in the treaty of peace with the
general government it was stipulated that the
prisoners should be escorted from Fort Leavenworth,
where they were confined, through tiie country be
longing to other tribes who were their enemies, to
Fort Laramie, in their own country, and this was
being carried into effect. Col Hoffman told us that
the said dragoons would be in in a few days, and
would have to return immediately to Leavenworth,
and that they would accommodate their speed to
ours,-if*we would stretch it ail we could, and travel
with us for our protection. We accordingly waited,
and everything turned out as the Colonel ‘anticipa
ted. It waa the first regiment of United States
cavalry, under Capt. Steuart, a perfect gentleman.
He behaved very kindly, often relieving the neces
sities of some of our company who were destitute,
and when we came to Ash Hollow, where there Is a
mountain to ascend uearly as steep as a house side,
he ordered his men to dismount and assist us with
ropes, and even, literally, put his own shoulder to
the wheels. The troops travelled with us about 450
miles, warded off the Indians, and brought us through
all danger on that score. They then went on ahead
the remaining 150 miles, and beat us by two days to
Leavenworth.
The above is a very gratifying testimonial of the
kindness as well as the efficiency of our small and
widely scattered military detachments upon our ex
tensive frontier in affording aid and protection to
parties of helpless emigrants against ludiau depre
dations. The Capt. Steuart above mentioned is
(‘apt Geo. 11. Steuart of our city, who, with his
company of Ist cavalry regiment, was sent on an
errand of mercy, to escort the pardoned Sioux pris
oners to Fort Laramie, and who, on his march to
that distaut post had an action with the Cheyenne
Indians, on the2sth rs August laafc, The fact that
he was enabled, on his return thence, to afford pro
tection to these emigrant families, is first made
known through the publication in a foreign land of
the letter now referred to. Capt. S. ia now on fur
lough and on a visit to-his family in Baltimore, after
almost uninterrupted service of eight years at mu
frontier posts.— Balt. Sun.
Important from Nicaragua.
A gentleman who arrived on Friday night in the
George Law states, according to the Tribune, that
the steamer Sierra Nevada left Acapulco on her re
turn to Sau Francisco the day before the Golden
Gate touched there, having been unable to land her
passengers at San Juan del Sur, that place being in
the possession of the allied forces. The steamship
Orizaba, which sailed from San Francisco a few
hours after the Golden Gate, with passengers for
the Atlantic States aud recruits for Walker, would
therefore be obliged to proceed to Panama, or re
turn with her passengers to Sau Francisco. The
Tribune says:
It appears that, fearing that the Transit route
would be in the hands of the Costa Kicans, the pas
sengers by the Orizaba contracted before leaving
San Fraucisco, that if such was the case they should
be taken on to Panama. The Granada, from New
Orleans, was detained six days at Havana, and
could not. land her passengers at Punta Arenas, but
waa compelled to proceed to Aspinwall, where,
being too late for the steamer John L. Stevens,
they were obliged to wait four or five days at Pana
ma for the arrival of the steamer Golden Gate, by
which they were to be taken up to San Francisco.
In all probability the filibusters that left here on the
~9th of January by the Tennessee will be obliged
to return. The steamer Granada wus to leave As
pinwall for Punta Arenas for three hundred of Wal
ker’s recruits. Having abandoned their crazy
design of proceeding to his assistance in the rickety
steamer which Gen. Scott had given them, and pe
titioned the Costa Ricans for a passage back to the
United States, the British consul interceded in their
behalf, and they were returned in the Granada:—
There is no news from Walker ; but hemmed in as
lie must be, according to this account, between the
allied forces, with both ends of the Transit route in
possession, and all his supplies cut off, his chances
of escaping from the couutry would appear to be
extremely small.
From the Aspimeoll Courier , Jan. 29.
The Royal steamer Thanes, from Grey town, ar
arrived in port on the morning of the 9th, bringing
between 30 and 40 of Walker’s refugees, all of whom
were immediately transferred to the steamer Grana
da, to be taken back to Grey own, and thence to
New Orleans. Judging from the sad and forelorn
appearance of these men, we a e inclined to fancy
their ardor in the cause of Walker has been some
what dampened by the reverse of fortune which
seem to have befallen him of late.
The only news we have been able to command by
the steamer Thames, respecting the present state of
affairs in Nicaragua, is a vague report that Walker
is hemmed in an surrounded by a force of 10,000 to
11 000 troops of the allies of Central America.
The following telegraphic despatches were re
ceived at this office on the evening of the 21st, from
Panama, one of which came from the purser of the
Sierra Nevada, and the other from a different
source:
“ Walker s forces are in garrison at Rivas; all
welland invincible. Virgin Bay had not been ta
ken at the time of our leaving, nor San Juan ; nor
had any demonstration been made of that kind—
nor any of the enemy’s forces been seen or heard of
in any part of the couutry.”
“The Sierra Nevada has arrived; news about
Walker is confirmed; he holds out, however, and
will make a desperate defense. The Sierra Nevada
lelt Sau Juan del Sud on the 18th inst., and will re
turn to the same place this day, on her way back to
San Francisco.”
Gen. Mora, of Costa Rica, has issued a proclama
tion placing the river San Juan under blockade.
Henry C. Langdon, one of Walker's men, a pro
mising youth of twenty-two years, and the eldest
son of C. C. Langdon, for many years past editor of
the Mobile Advertiser, has fallen a victim to cholera
in Nicaragua.
The Coolik Trade. —We are permitted to ex
tract the following interesting sketch of the Coolie
Trade in Peru from the annual report on foreign
commerce, recently transmitted to both Houses of
Congress by the Secretary of State and ordered to
be printed :— Nat. Intel.
Chinese Coolie laborers have been introduced
into Pern and employed upon the Chincha Islands
to aid in shipping guano. Since the liberation of
the slaves they have come in greater numbers to
be employed upon agricultural estates in the interior
as servants and in handicraft work of many
descriptions; but their tasks aie by no means
severe.
The contracts for their service are made in China
lor eight years. Their wages are $4 per month,
paid weekly. They are well fed and clad, and
appear contented and happy. At the Chincha
Islands they have daily tasks on working days,
which they easily complete, and afterwards gaiD
allowances for all extra work they perform. The
contracts are respected by all those who purchase
their services, and they can easily escape if they
wish aud find other employment elsewhere. If
ill-treated or dissatisfied they can at any time change
their contract owners on repaying the amount of
contract mouey not worked out or the value of the
unexpired time.
In the present condition of Peru, the Coolie
immigration is decidedly beneficial to the Coolies
t hemselves. The high rates of wages for labor aud
the scarcity of laboring population afford good ad
vantages, if provident of providing for themselves
comfortably.
When employed as laborers there is no visible dis
tinction, but they co-operate with the native labo
rers as equals. There is no prejudice whatever to
which they are subject in assimilating with others
tit their tasks or iu common intercourse. They
enjoy personal liberty, and may return to their own
country when their contracts terminate or when
they are redeemed by purchase or otherwise, but
they seldom do so.
Some of them occupy their leisure with trading
ami small speculations, or open little shops : others
work as laborers and domestics, and gain in this
manner from $lO to S3O per month. They improve
in appearance after some residence in Peru. On
Sundays, holy days, and other public occasions, they
appear well clad and cheerful, and equally so when
working with the native laborers. They seem to
b p contented and happy, and from their habits of
frugality they usually lay up money, although they
are subject to the temptation afforded by their own
countrymen who sell them opium. The whole
number ot them at this time in Peru ia supposed to
be about 10,000.
The price paid for contracts varies from $l5O to
s'-’SO for the term, and they are usually disposed of
on board the ship where the purchasers se'ect them.
•
Sheathing Copper.— The price of this article
hau advanced 8 per cent, in England during the
week ending the 24th ultimo, being a rise of 25 per
vent, in ©ix weeks. Yellow metal had advanced in
the same proportion. This will be good news to the
holders of copper stock on this side of the water. .So
high have the prices of these article* risen during
the past ten years, that as little as possible of either
is now used upon shipping. This is particularly the
case with copper. We do not suppose that there
are fifty vessels now belonging to Boston that are
sheathed with it. The cheapest yellow metal
sheathing is in most demand. Copper and yellow
metal fastenings are now almost out of use in ship
building. A lew years ago every ship’s tioor tim
bers were bo’ted through the keel with copper, but
now very few ate even bolted with yellow metal.—
Iron and treenails are now the only fastenings used
in most of our ships; aud the cause of this is the
nigh price of copper and ilow metal, and the low
price of shipping.
Jail-Breaking, Satukd- Night. —Twoprison
era, named Freeman and Para . cut their way out of
the jail in this city, on Saturn night: forcing the
great door of the outer wall and making good their
departures.
We examined the hole cut through the wall of the
jail. It was made with two small instruments:
one the shank of a steel pen, the other a small saw
made of hoop iron. With these, sheet iron, stout
boards, a post of solid light wood, 10 inches by 12,
and. finally, a brick wall, had been worked through
within a very few days. The escaped swung down
from the second story, by blankets, rapidly smashed
the padlock on the front gate, with an axe. aud went
their way.
Freeman was in for assault with intent to murder;
his companion, on suspicion of larceny. —Mont gamer if
Mail.
TifE Recent Heavy Failure at Greensboro'.
—The failure of Messrs Rankin Ac. McLean, mer
chants _ for thirty years at N. C., has
produced consternation in and about that place,
and carried ruin into many families. Their liabili
ties are upwards of SIBO,OOO, and assets possibly
SBO,OOO. Their credit had been so good, that any
body and everybody loaned them money, endorsed
for them, Ac c. Their failure produced universal dis
trust. A boot fifty assignments were made, gener
ally by persons who found themselves hopelescly in
volved.—t ayettvxhe Observer.
t ontinoat ion of Jfiunion of Point*, derided by
Supreme Court, Macon January Term, 1857.
James Lawson vs. Arthur P. Wright, Adm'r.—
Where the endorser stipulates “to be liable only when
the maker is sued to insolvency,” it is not necessa
ry to issue a Ca. Sa. against the maker, before suing
the indorser, but a return of nulla bona on fi. fa. and
proof otherwise of the maker's insolvency, is suffi
cient. Judgment affirmed. J. A. Tucker, for Pl ff
in error, Worrell for Deft in error.
Jacob Johnson vs. James G. Morris.—A parol
agreement, even if proven to pay the owner for a
negro hired to a third person, is void by thw Statute
of frauds, and no recovery can be had upon such
contract. Judgment reversed. J. A. Tucker for Pi'ff
iu error, Douglass and Hood, for Deft in error.
Bryant King vs. the State.—l. It is not error in
the presiding Judge, to call upon defendant to an
nounce. first whether he wa© ready for trial, before
the State has announced. 2. The questions prescrib •
ed by the act sos 185 C, to be propounded to jurors on
their boir dire, are the proper ones to be asked upon
the trail of defendant for a crime committed before
the passing of the act. Judgment affirmed. Tuc
ker and Douglass, for Pl'ffs iu error. Sol. Geu. rep
resented by Lanier aud Anderson, for Deft.
James P.nos vs The State. Murder.—The proof
of guilt in this case was sufficient to justify the ver
dict of the jury, even if the confessions made by
prisoner were excluded. Judgment affirmed.—
Lanier and Anderson and Worrell for Pl'tY in
error. Sol. Geu. Harrell aud Tucker, for Deft in
error.
May & Stokes vs. W. A. Rawson, et. al.—When
the equity of redemption has been sold under gene
ral Judgments against the Mortgagor, who subse
quently died. In a bill filed by Mortgagor against
the vender of said equity of redemption, held, that
it was not necessary to make the legal representa
tion of the deceased mortgagor parties, and that
the chancery jurisdiction attaches. Judgment re
versed, Jno. A. Tucker for Pi’ff in error. B. S.
Worrell, for Deft in error.
James A. Turner vs. Win. R. Rosseau.—A gene
ral traverse of a garnishee return is sufficient, aud
it is not necessary to make minute aud distinct
specifications of the property and debts, alleged to
be in the uauds of, and due by the garnishee. Judg
ment revel sed. Tucker for Pi'ff in error. Worrell
for Deft in error.
James Dorsett Adm'r. vs. Thos. O. Frith.—The
allegations of the bill in this case, mak«- a case which
authorized the Court below in holding of the bill
and injunction. Judgment affirmed. Tucker and
Douglas for Plaintiff iu error. Hood for Def t in
error.
Bobt. B. Murdock vs. Mary Miller.—The act of
1853-’SI, providing for summary remedy for ejecting
intruders, does not apply to persons entering under
contract. Judgment affirmed. Moses for Pi'ff in
error. Thomas for Deft in error.
Beqj. F. Newsom vs. Caleb Lindsey, Adm’r.—
Under the act of 1847, a physician practicing medi
cine from 1845 up to 1855, without a license, can re
cover for his services. Holsey and Hill for Pi'ff in
error. Wallace and Poe, for Deft in error.
Seaborn J. Martin, et. al. vs. W. C. Wright for
use, &c.—A bond for titles is such an outstanding
paramount title as will authorize a verdict against
defendant in ejectment, and eviction thereupon by
Habeas facias possessionem, iu such a breach of
warranty as to enable warrantee to recover there
for. 2- Interests on purchase money from the time
ol'sale, and not from eviction, is the correct rule.
Judgment affirmed. Johnson aud Sloan for Pi'ff in
error. Blauford for Deft iu error.
J. S. Brooks vs. Willie Smith, et. al.—The testi
mony being conflicting and the jury haviug render
ed a verdict not co itrary to or against the evidence,
their verdict will wot be disturbed. Judgment af
firmed. Stubbs and Hill for Pi’ff iu error. Blan
ford for Deft in eifor.
Beuj. Bryan Adm’r vs. A. Averett.—When one
of the joint lessors die before verdict, his death may
afterwards be suggested on the records, and the
Judgment entered up against the surviving plain
tiff’s for cost, the verdict being for defendant. Judg
ment affirmed. Hines Holt, for Pi’ff iu error. Jones
and Downing for Deft, in error.
Thomas Morris aud Wife vs. W. B. Stokes, Ad’mr.
—l. The admissions of sayings of a legatee under a
will, may be given iu evidence, so far as to effect
hi# interest aud legacy in and under said will. 2.
Charge ot the Court below r , as to the intluence ex
erted by Guardian over his ward, to procure him to
make a will in his favor. Held , erroneous, andjudg
ment reversed.
Johnson aud Dougherty for Pl’tY in error; Holt
aud Jones for Del’t in error.
Johu 11. Allen vs. The State.—l. Indictment for
resisting legal process. The bail process, under
which tlie attempt was made to arrest defendant,
and which he resisted, being last, the fact of the
existence of such process, and its contents may be
proved by testimony aliuudre. 2. Toe appoint
ment or official authority of a Constable, may be
shown, by other evidence than the certificate from
the Inferior Court. Judgment affirmed.
Hood for plaintiff in error ; Sol. Gen. Harrell for
defendant in error. —Journal Aj* Messenger.
From the Boston Daily Advertiser.
The Tariff.
It seems to be admitted on all sides that a change
in the tariff of 1846 has become necessary. It is quite
time. That tariff is the first made since the adoption
of the Constitut ion on the principle of free trade with
out some reference to the protection of our own in
dustry. It even goes farther, actually, in some instan
ces, discriminating against our own productions. It
is beside, the most clumsy,complicated, and difficult
in execution of all our different tariff's. The Secre
tary of the Treasury, iu his report of December,
1854, justly refers to the difficulties in the execution
of this tariff with its eight schedules, and their in
crease under the arts of foreign manufacturers.
The operation of this tariff of 1846 has been dis
astrous upon our leading manufactures ot woolens
and cottons. The woolen manufacture has been
prostrated, utterly ruined. The stock in the first
establishments is selling for less tlqin one-half the
cost. The difficulty lies in the high duty on wool,
without, a corresponding duty on the manufacture
of it. The remedy lies in making the importation of
wool free. It is proper that it should be so, either
on the principle of free trade or of protection to our
own labor. The nrinciple of protection to labor does
not justly apply to the products of agriculture, of
which wool is one. Protection to agriculture is the
attempt to equalize an inferior soil or unfavorable
climate with more favored regions. It is a protec
tion to land not to labor, which is the only legiti
mate object. The attempt to increase the produc
tion of wool by high duties lias proved a signal failure.
It w r ill increase in the more favored States without
any tariff of protection.
The effect of the present tariff’ upon the cotton
manufacture has been highly injurious and depress
ing. The abolition of the minimums has had the ef
fect of putting a stop to all attempts to carry the
manufacture into its higher branches. It has done
more. It has caused a great influx of cotton manu
factures from Engl and. According to Burns’s Liv -
erpool Commercial Glance, the export of printed
and dyed cottons to the United States, from 12 to
13 millions of yards in 1845 and 1840, had increased
in 1856 to 111 millions, and plain calicoes from 12
and 10 millions of yards in 1845 and 1846, had ad
vanced in 1856 to 90 millions! These importations
have interfered very materially with our low-priced
goods iu which we felt comparatively secure. This
has been owing to the Manchester manufactures
using probably more than one-half Bengal cotton
in making these goods at a price of three or four
cents in the pound below that of our cottons. It is
a singular fact, and shows how far infatuation can
carry people against their own interest,, that the cot
ton-planting interest of the South should oppose the
policy which would confine the consumption of the
country to their own product, and encourage that of
their rivals in Hindostan. But such is human na
ture, under the influence of passion and prejudice.
Another consequence of the tariff of 1846, is a great
increase of the revenue from cotton manufactures.
This will continue to be the case, should a further
reduction of duty take place.
The Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. Guthrie, has
presented to Congress a very reasonable project of
a bill combining great simplicity with a sufficient
reduction of the revenue. It reduces the eight sched
ules to two, by which oue-lialf of the labor of our
custom-houses would be saved, and much litigation
avoided. The most important alteration wanted is
the making wool free without reference to the costs.
Should a greater reduction of revenue be required,
it may be made by making silks free or subject to
a duty of ten per cent, which could injure nobody.
Mr. Letcher aud the committee propose retaining
all the absurd schedules of the billot 1846. aggre
gated and made more absurd by their modifications.
The difference between the two propositions is the
difference between light and darkness—between
simplicity aud confusion. Experience.
Boston. January, 1857.
A Nut for the Doctors.—One of the most emi
nent French physicians and physiologists says, that
medicine is a great humbug. This nan is Magen
die, whose treatises are regarded as standard works,
the world over; and yet he says he knows nothing
about meduiue, and don’t know anybody that does
know anything about it! In one of his lectures he
asks;
“ Who can cure the gout, or the disease of the
heart ? Nobody. O ! you tell me the doctors cure
people. I grant you, people are cured. But how
are they cured ? "Gentlemen, nature does a great
deal. Doctors do devilish little—when they don’t
do harm. Let me tell you. gentlemen, what I did
when I was the head physician at the Hotel Dieu.—
Some 3.000 or 4,000 patienls passed through my
hands every year. I divided the patients into two
classes; with one I followed the dispeusary, and
gave the usual medicines, without having the least
idea why or jwhereforc : to the other I gave bread
pills and colored water, without, of course, letting
them know anything about it—and occasionally,
gentlemen, 1 would create a tLird division, to whom
1 gave nothing whatever. These last would feel
they were neglected, (sick people always feel neg
lected, unless they are well drugged—the fools !) and
they would irritate themselves until they really got
sick, but nature invariably came to the rescue, and
all persons in this third class got well. There was
little mortality among those who received but bread
pills and colored water, and the mortality was great
est among those who were carefully drugged accord
ing to the dispensary. ’
Impertinent Postmasters. —The Evangelist
tells of a postmaster at Versailles. Illinois, who re
turned a paper to that ofiice with the following su
perscription : “G—d d n you 1 Why don t vou
stop this paper ? The man does not want it.” The
Postmaster General having been appealed to for
protection, the following reply, which may serve as
a caution to other Postmasters, was forwarded from
the Department:
p O Department, Appt. Office, ?
January 24,1857. )
Gentlemen: Your letter of the 21st., justly com
plaining of the return of a copy of your pape'r from
Versailles, 111., bearing on its envelope a profane
and insulting remark, is received. If the Postmas
ter, who has been called on for an explanation, is
found to be guilty of this act. which meets with uu
qualified condemnation of the Postmaster General,
prompt measures will be taken to prevent his re
peating it.
Please accept the thanks of the Department for
calling attention to it.
I am. respectfully, yeur obedient servant,
Horatio King, Ist Aset. P. M. Gen.
I* atal Duel. —Much excitement was evident in
this city yesterday, when it was known that a duel
had been fought, with a fatal termination to one of
the parties, bet ween Dan'i Stewart Elliot Esq., and
Thos. R. Daniel!, Esq , both well known gentlemen,
residents of Savannah.
The weapons chosen were rifles, the distance
twenty-five paces, the time Mondav at noon, aud
the place Scrivens Ferry, 8. C.. about three miles
below this city.
On first fire. Mr Daniel! fell mortally wounded,
and Mr. Elliott received no hurt.
We enter into none of the details or causes of this
affair of honor, as street reports are not ali to be de
pended on for correctness . —Savannah Georgian
17 thinst.
Roman Catholic Seminaries in the United
States —It is stated there are 33 Catholic tiieologi
eal seminaries in the United States. with 514 stu
dents, besides 225 abroad, or in establishments of
the regular clergy at home. The number of prepara
torv seminaries is 7. with 280 students. There are
29 incorporated colleges under Catholic direction,
with 3,583 students. The first of these was founded
in 1791, the last in 1853. Unincorporated colleges
and high schools are 20, with 1,019 students. The
institution* of education are taught by 14 religious
orders of men in 24 colleges, with 3,128 students; 14
academies, with 859 students ; 70 free schools, with
13,86*2 pupils ; about two-thirds of these are tho
roughly taught by the Jesuits. Os females, the Sis
ters of Mercy teach the largest proportion. Thirty
different orders of females teach 130 academies,
with 9,405 pupils, and 1,500 free schools, with 25,189
pupils
l.iverpool, Havre, and Savanna. (In., T. N.
.Steam Packet Company.,
It is proposed to establish a line of Steam Pack
ets from Liverpool and Havre to Savanna. Geor
gia. United States. It need scarcely be observed
to those acquainted with American affairs, both
politically and commercially, that Savannah, in
the South, like New York, in the North, is des
tined to become the great Maritin o Emporium of
the Southern States of the North American Un
i 'n. Situated,only seventeen miles from the At
lantic, upon a noble River (the Savauna,) having
at its entranoe from the sea a depth of fifty feet
water, accessible in all weathers, and at ali states
of the tide for vessels of the largest class ; health?,
from its elevated position, forty feet above the lev*ei
ot the River : the termini alsoot the extensive Rail
roads of the State (Georgia,) and in communication
with those of Tennessee. North aud South Carolina
Alabama. Mississippi, and the Western and South’
Western States ; —thus opening for itself more ex
tended sources of traffic thau ‘are eujoyed bv al
most any other of the Sea-board Cities. Likewise
the proposed New Packet Liue, if carried out, wili
materially increase the prosperity of Savanna, from
its being the port of embarkation aud debarkation
of the Steamers, making it the direct route for Pas
sengers and Goods to New Orleans and Mexico,
via rail to Mobile, avoiding the long and dangerous
passage round Cape Florida and through the Gulf of
Mexico. The advantages, in fact, of this New
Steam-Packet Line are so obvious that, with
proper management, h canuot fail to rank as one
of the first class ot the largest dividen l paying
Lirn-s.
To establish this Steam Packet Line a Company
should be formed (limited liability) with a capital
(half to be subscribed iu America) sufficiently large
to purchase eight first-class Steamers; two to sail
(monthly) direct from Liverpool to Savannah; two
i monthly) from Havre, calling, out aud home, at
Southampton. It an addition was thought desira
ble, one or two Packets might hail from Antwerp,
calling also, out and home, at Southampton.
The freight for the outward bound Packets would
consist of the numerous passengers, and the vast
quantities of dry goods from Europe, which now
reach Savanna and Charleston via New York, all
of which, owing to the great saving of expense and
t ime, would certainly find their way by this direct
line to Savanna ; also great quantities of various
merchandize, that are now frequently detained for
months (particularly in Liverpool) for want of a di
reel transit.
The freight of the Homeward bound Packets
from Savanna would consist of Cotton, Rice, To
bacco, Turpentine, Bread-stuff*, and various sorts
of lumber; and from 200 to 400 Passengers per week
who arrive from the Interior, from the Southern
Southwestern and the Western States, would.it
may be fairly assumed, take their passage by this
Line to Europe, to make their purchases first-hand
in preference to, as at present, being obliged (from
having no other market) to go to New York, where,
they say, the “extra price” they are forced to pay
(arising from the profits or commissions charged gby
the various parties through whose hands the goods
pass before reaching the merchant who supplies the
consumer,) would be more than sufficient to leave
them a handsome profit, and besides, pay their ex
penses to and from Europe. Such was the opinion
of the numerop planters, merchants and others, with
whom the writer held personal communication in
Savanna and Charleston during a sojourn of some
months in 1852, at which period so anxious were
most of the merchants of Suvanna for the estab
lishment ot the Line, that they were willing to sub
scribe for half the capital necessary to carry it into
effect, and its Corporation to grant to the Company
various fiscal privileges for the Packets ; but, unfor
tunately, on his return to this country, Russian di
plomacy put a stop to everything.
To carry the project into immediate operation,
and to secure possession of the line with its attend
ant privileges, it would be advisable to despatch an
Agent legally accredited from the London Direction,
with full powers to act according to circumstances
—who, on arriving at Savanna, would immediately
wait upon certain influential parties, indicated to
him, who would obtain the various privileges al
luded to, ami have them confirmed by the proper
State authorities ; after which the Agent to organize
a Local Board or Direction, in conformity with the
formula of his London instructions—have the
amount of capital subscribed, required from the
Americans (which the writer feels assured would, if
necessary, far exceed the wishes of the English
Board, (setttle the Local (Savanna) Bye-Laws for
the Administration of the Company, and finally sub
mit the Prospectus for perusal to toe most influen
tial Editors, requesting their favorable support, and
then publish it m the various newspapers. Tn con
clusion, the Writer begs to observe that these ar
rangements can only be effected and carried out by
personal intervention, and will be happy, if desired,
in promotion of the enterprise, to proceed to Savan
na, or iu any other way makes a tender of his ser
vices here towards its establishment.
Any communication addressed “Georgia,” North
and South American Coffee House, Threadueedle
Street, will receive immediate attention.
London, January 1,1857.
Democratic Party Tact ice.
We have heretofore adverted to the proneness o
the so-called Democratic party to get into power by
all sortß of shuffling evasions of direct issues, and
then to carry out the policy of the parties defeated.
They have professed opposition to Protective Ta
riff’s; but under their rule, and by their enactment,
we have a Tariff system protec ivc in all its features
—a Tariff which admits a number of leading articles
of general use and necessity, but which are not ex
tensively raised in this country (such as Salt, Coffee
and Tea) free of duty, but imposes high protective
duties on other articles equally indispensable and of
general consumption (such as Sugar and Iron) solely
because the producers in this country demand the
tax as a protection to their interests. This Tariff
was adopted by a Democratic Congress, Demo
cratic measure, and has now stood for ten years.
At present, when it raises more-revenue than is
needed, and the necessity of reduction is undenia
ble, they make no motion to strike out its protec
tive features by admitting free of duty the Iron and
other articles of prime necessity now heavily taxed
for the benefit ot home producers, but propose to
tinker away on the old system, retaining the protec
tive duties, and deducting a per cent, from all
schedules alike. Such is Democratic practice con
tracted with the Democratic cry ot “Free Trade and
no Protective Tariff!”
A few months ago they were loud in their denun
ciations of Internal Improvements by the General
Government—at least the Southern wing were
Yet they have latterly appropriated more lands and
mouey to aid works of internal improvement than
theii opponents ever did in twice the time; and now
they stand before the country as the supporters of
an Administration pledged to the advocacy of a go
vernment Railroad the most gigantic and costly ever
proposed in any country, and many Democrats of
the South are its open advocates—a work in com
parison with which ail the Wh g schemes cf internal
improvement are dwarfed into insignificance!
So much lor the Whig principles which the Dem
ocratic party have appropriated, and in some in
stances carried out far beyond the intentions of the
party which they defeated by making war upon
them. And as if to be consistent in inconsistency,
they have elected to the Presidency a politician who
lias supported all the highest Protective Tariffs pro
posed during the last thirty years, and has aided in
making many an extensive grab at the Federal
Troasury foi works of internal improvement.
We alluded the other day to the reported exten
sion of the term of residence of naturalized citizens
before voting, made by the Democratic Legislatur#
of South Carolina, and vent ured the prediction then
that other Democrats would be found advocating
this restriction of the privileges of foreigners. The
policy that dictated the adoption of Whig principles,
will hardly scruple at embracing American princi
ples also when power is to be gained or retained by
so doing. Already indications of backing down from
the alien feature of the Kansas Nebraska bill have
been strongly manifested by Democrats in Con
gress. When this feature of the Kansas bill was
opposed in the Congress of 1854, we believe that
Mr. Brodhead, of Pa., was the only Democratic
Senator who sided with its opponents. But .the
other day, in the House of Representatives, the bill
to enable the people of Oregon to form a State
Government being under consideration, Mr. Mar
shall, of Ky., moved ail amendment prohibiting
aliens from voting in the Territory, and it was car
ried by the aid of Democratic votes! Several De
mocrats made remarks expressing their opposition
to alien suffrage as permitted iu Kansas aud Ne
braska. So American citizens are to rule in Oregon,
and perhaps this concession to the American senti
ment of the nation is to be followed up by similar
retrogressions, uutil the poor defeated Know Noth
ings find that they are as devoid of “thunder” as
the antiquated Whigs—find that the Democracy
have done their work for them, aud that Foreignism
is no longer “a power in the laud!” So may it be !
[Columbus Fnquirer.
Emigration from Great Britain in 1856.
The Liverpoo 1 Albion gives the statistics of emigra
tion from Great Britain during the year 1856. The
total emigration was 136,000, of whom 97,000 emi
grated to the United States. The Albion says :
These figures show that while about one half the
emigrants to Australia aud the whole to New Zea
land are composed of Englishmen, more than two
thirds of that to the United States is composed of
Irishmen. The Mormon exodus continues on the
increase, the number who have sailed from Liver
pool for American ports on their way to Utah du
ring the past twelve months being upwards of four
thousand. Accounts from the Great Salt Lake
show, however, that considerable numbers are con
tinually leaving “the New Jerusalem”—some for
California, and others to more distant cities iu the
United States.
Many of this class of emigrants are sent out by
the aid of a Mormon fund, termed the “Perpetual
Emigration fund,” by means of which upwards of
two thousand have been provided with passages du
ring the past year. The money is advanced under
a bond, which stringently enforces re payment of
every farthing, “ with interest, if required.’ Those
poor persons who have placed this chain round their
necks find that they have done little less than sold
themselves to slavery, an the re-payment must be
completed before they consider themselves free la
borers. The Mormon leaders have been specula
ting to some extent with this fund, borrowing mo
ney from confiding dupes in Europe, aud meeting
their liabilities with tithing money obtained from
confiding dupes iu Utah. The “ Perpetual Emigra
tion Fund” has at length run short, and the Mormon
Agent here has announced that, inconsequence, no
“ saints’ be sent out under the Perpetual Emigra
tion Fund in 1857, the £ 18,000 disbursed last season
for that purpose, having drained their resources.—
There are some poor persons who have deposited
£5 each with the Perpetual Emigration Fund, on
the condition that they should be taken out in 1857 ,
but they are now informed that “ the state of the
finances will not permit their emigration iu the com
ing season,” and they are politely told that if they
can let their deposits remain a year or two, it will
confer a great favor.
The Mormon element being connected with the
emigration of 1856, must be our excuse for introdu
cing these facts.
Fernandisa and Cedar Keys Railroad.—
here are now employed upon this road between
x and seven hundred hands. The iron has been
purchased for the whole line, and is laid down for
over twenty miles, commencing at Fernandina.—
One of the contractors signifies to the Georgian <fc
Journal that the cars will be running eighty miles—
say to Gainesville, Alchua county —next tail.
it we are not at fault, the contractors commenced
their operations in November, 1855—that is to say.
about fifteen montns since. Granting that it should
be next November before eighty miles are comple
ted, it will still be, as far as known, an example of
expedition and energy unparalleled in Southern
railroad building. And one of the most striking
features about the enterprise is, the quiet way in
which tbe thing has been done. It is emphatically
a working, and not a talking company.
Tbe whole distance from Fernanaina to Cedar
Keys is, in round numbers, a hundred and forty
miles. Judging from the way in which the work is
progressing, the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of
Mexico will be connected by railroad easily during
next year. If the quarter of what the masterly re
port of tbe President (Mr. Yulee) leads us to expect
is realized by the enterprise.it will be one ot the
most successful ever projected in America.— Savh.
Georgian.
The River Amoor. —This magnificent river,
which runs through the lower part of the Russiao
possessions, and empties into the head of the Gulf
of Tartary, is navigable seventeen hundred miles
from its mouth to the city of Northing, the capitol
of Southern Siberia. The couutry is densely popu
&n<* results are anticipated by some
adventurers, who propose opening a communication
between Sau h raocisco and Russian Asiatic territory
Two successful voyages from San Francisco to this
nver have already been made, and the steamship
America will soon form one of a line of steamers
between the two points
' Foreign Item*.
The London Times of the '29th, after announcing
the fall of Bushire, says :
The new* received through Vienna that the
Persian authorities had, on the fall of sushire, accep
-7,.? condition of the British government, though
published as authentic on Saturday, seems somewhat
untrustwoi thy. It may be that the conditions of
surrender have been confounded with some general
conditions of peace. -
It id difficult indued to see how there could have
been at Bushire say oue on either side competent
to treat on so important a subject. And so to the
l ourt ot Teheran having been atfeoted bv the intelli
gence so as to make its submission, we "cannot un
derstand how the news of this decisiou should reach
Buglaud contemporaneously with the news of the
event which caused it.
Bushire is 500 miles trom Teheran, and the com
munication between them is by no means rapid. We
may also doubt that the Persians should mate their
submission on the occurrence o c what they must
have known was an inevitable eveut. No counsel
or ot the Shah, native or foreign, could have given
inn any hope ot successfully opposing the English
landing. If there be any truth iu the reports of his
determmaUon to resist, he must have counted on
the ulterior difficulties of the enterprise—the pesti
ientia chmate of the Gulf, the passes to be travers
ed beiore Shims or Ispahan eau be reached, and the
hundreds of miles of desert which separat eus from
the city, which is the alleged cause of the eoutliot.
I heretore, though we shall be glad to hear any eon
nrmation ot the news that the Persian government
has succumbed, we think it better to regard it at
piesent as a perversiou of the merely military sur
render ot the fort and town.
Sir Robert Peel in Trouble.—Sir Robert Peel
has stirred up a hornet’s nest by his singular speech
at Birmingham, describing his visit to Moscow. A
numerous deputation of English residents at Brus
sels waited upon the Prince de Legue, at his hotel,
to “declare their reprobation of the personal vu'-
ganties uttered by Sir Robert Pell” against that
nobleman, and their “deep regret that the nobleman
selected by the King of the Belgians to be his special
ambassador at the oorouation of the otEog
land in 1838, and lately deputed in the same capaci
ty to the Emperor of Russia, should have met with
an insult from an Englishman, utterly unprovoked,
and couched in terms unknown to the language and
to the sentiments of honorable men."
The Prince received the deputation very cordial
ly, thanked them with much warmth for the com
pliment paid him and thus disposed of Sir Robert
Peel.
Believe me that I am deeply sensible of the gene
rous kindness that has prompted you thus to repel
the vulgar aggression unwarrantably made upon
me by Sir Robert Peel. 1 conjure you to be per
suaded that I do not suffer the displeasure I may
experience at this low-bred indignity to affect for
one instant the high respect and sincere regard long
and cordially entertained by me for England and
the English. The coarse verbage adopted by Sir
Robert Peel to revile me belongs ouly to ft sot
\ ivrogne) and a blackguard (gamin,) and as such I
regard it with proper contempt; but, without seek
ing that personage, should chance ever place in
an unpalatable contact with him, I shall not hesitate
to say, that his conduct toward me has been that
of an underbred good-for-nothing (mal eleveet vau -
Paris Cor. of the London Time*, Jon. 25.
The Persian Ambassador it Paris.—The Per
sian Ambassador so long expected, and so much
talked about in political circles, has at last presented
liis credentials, aud this magnificent personage lias
taken his station among the fixed stars of our diplo
macy. He promises to be the admired of all ad
mirers, and to completely effaoe the traces left in
our memories by the majestio proportions of Count
Orlotf, and the brilliancy of his diamonds. In per
sonal advantage Feruk Khan may fairly bear a com
parison with the other foreign diplomatists. He ap
peal’s to be a man about forty years of age, or a lit
tle more. He wears a beard, black and rich, such
as few diplomatic china could grow, aud which ex
cites the envy and despair of the unfledged attache*
of the older mi -sions, who gaze on him with admira
tion. His eyes are black aud piercing, and his figure
graceful. Among those w r ho accompany him are
said to be two oousins of the sovereign of Persia,
and they wear a white scarf over their rich uniforms,
no doubt as a sign of their being “born in the purple
chamber/’
The ambassador was doubtless ignorant of the
simple grandeur of the Imperial Court, and the in
difference for show and splendor which characterizes
our courtiers, otherwise he would not have come
laden, as ho is said to be, with many and rich gifts.
He has brought, it seems, a whole cargo of Cash
mere shawls and other such articles for presents, so
that among an influential portion of the Parisian
population his beaux yeux are not the only charms
that will insure him a welcome. Among his attaches
are one or two literary gentlemen. It. would be cu
lions to hear their opinions of men and things in this
capital of European civilization, and we may yet be
gratified with another series of “Persian letters,”
surpassing iu interest the genuine correspondence
which bears the name of Montesquieu. We have an
Usbek and a Ricon on the spot, and they must have
left many a Roust on and an Ibbeu in Teheren, to
whom they can confide their thoughts.
The Earl of Harewood was thrown from his horse
while hunting, and his skull was so badly fractured
that his life was despaired of. The Earl had been
insensible from the occurrence of the accident. He
is a popular and wealthy English nobleman.
A “Stump” Anecdote.—A Tennessee paper, we
believe, is culpable iu the following :—A distinguish
ed Old Line Whig of Memphis, who never joined
the American Order, but who canvassed Tennessee
for “Fillmore, Denelson and the Union,” used to ac
count, on the stump, for his relation to the American
party, by telling the “Widow Neppins Anecdote.’’
Widow Neppins was “a pillar” of the Methodist
Church in the neighborhood where she lived; but,
with many of the qualities so becoming iu a Chris
tian, she possessed far more of the U Jor titer in re"
than of the “ suavilor in modo ” —in fact, not to put
too fine a point upon it, she was as “crabbed” as
she well could be. Well, once upon a time, a great
revival broke out among the Methodists iu the
Widow’s neighborhood. Os course, the widow at
tended; aud, though participating after her un
bending fashion—that is as if fed on ramrod soup—
she never failed to occupy her place on the “amen”
benches. One evening, after a most copious out
pouring of grace, and when the new converts and
zealous members were running over with enthu
siasm, one of the preachers struck up a jubilant song
and started round to “shake bunds’” with the breth
ren and sisters, as is usual on such occasions.—
Finally, he came to the Widow Neppins, whom,
while shaking by the hand, he accosted with, “O,
sister Neppins, don't you love the Lord ?” The
widow withdrew her hand, quickly, and pursing up
her mouth, replied in her usual curt manner—“7
aint got nothin ’ agin Him.”
New York, Feb. 15.—The long pending investi
gation by the Coroner in the Burdell murder case was
brought to an end yesterday evening. The verdict
of the jury hands over Mrs Cunningham and Eckel
to the grand jury as principals iu the murder and
Snodgrass as accessory. The result is universally
approved. Since the close of the testimony another
witness has appeared, who was willing to testify that
he saw Fan-ell on the stoop of Dr. B.’s house on the
night of the murder—aud also that he saw the door
open with a man standing in it in his shirt sleeves.
Dr. Woodward testified that lie had tried a dupli
cate of the dagger purchased bv Snodgrass in Broad
way, on a dead body, arid found the wounds the same
in all respects as on Dr. Burdell.
The jury considered Helen and Augusta Cunning
ham in possession of the facts of the murder, and that
it was the duty of the coroner to hold them for the
future action of the grand jury. Farrell is also re
tained as a witness, Lhe city providing for his
family.
Anonymous letters have been sent to the coro
ner threatening his life because of the course he pur
sued in tlie examination. It is understood that
the grand jury will commence with the case imme
diately.
Destructive Fire.—The large Barn of Hon. F.
W. Pickens, two miles from this plaoe on the New
berry road, was consumed by fire on Friday evening
last, involving a very considerable loss to the owner.
The building was 90 feet in length by 48 in breadth
two stories high, with Granary, Corn-sbellers,
Thrasher, Fan, Straw-cutters &c., &c., complete.
In the basement were some 25 or 30 mules aud
several blooded mares. Two of the mares and five
of the mules were burnt to death. Twenty one of
the mules were saved with comparatively little
injury. About 2700 bushels of corn besides a very
large quantity of fodder, oats, wheat and peas, were
lost. Out of a bulk of about 3000 bushels of corn
in.the shuck, some seven hundred bushels were saved
by hauling water and throwing it upon the burning
mass. A long and commodious Cowhouse adjoining
was also burnt, and also a shuck barn. The total
loss is estimated at $5,000, aud may perhaps prove
to have been even more. Col. P. states to us that
he has no doubt it was the work of an inc mdiary.
He has grounds for the belief; and it would be well
for every one to keep on the look-out against a like
misfortune. It is hoped the perpetrator may yet be
exposed and punished as ho deserves.— Edgefield
Advertiser.
Arrest of a Bank President.—The telegraph
has already announced the arrest of B. C. Bachman,
President of the Lancaster, Pa., Bank. The Lan
caster Express of Friday evening says ;
The complaint charges that some time in the
month of March, 1855. David Longeneoker, then
President of the Lancaster Bank, and B. C. Bach
man, Cashier of said Bank,paid fifty thousand dol
lars of the money of the Bank to the Lancaster Ba
.vings Institution, on the notes of W. L. Helfenstein,
which notes were endorsed by either the President
or Cashier of said Bank, in their individual name or
names, and other Directors of said Bauk; that at the
maturity of these notes they were presented at the
Bank for payment, and were directed by the Cashier
to be paia, although, at the time, Mr. Helfensfein
had no funds in that Bank to his credit to meet them
—thusaDpropriatiDg the. funds of the Bank to their
own private indebtedness to an amount exceeding
$50,000.
The complaint further charges that the said David
Longeneckci, as Presideut of the Lancaster Bank,
had at various times appropriated the funds of said
Bank to bis own individual use and benefit, and also
that ho loaned out sums of money, the property of
said Bank, without the knowledge or consent of the
directors, to individuals without security, and which
has since been lost to the bank.
Mr. Longenecker was also subsequently arrested
and put under $24,000 bail to answer.
Turkish Cruelties to Christians.—Bel
grade, Jan. B.—According to letters from Widden,
the old Turkish judicial customs against the rajahs
iChristians) are being re-establisned in all their
rigor along the frontier of Bulgaria. A commis
sioner is, besides, occupied in making inspections
respecting the kmets, flocal judges) aud he dismisses
all such as do not appear to him to be well disposed
to the Turks, and he sends them to Widden, where
they are prosecuted on some pretext or other. An
other commissioner, sent from Constantinople, and
who is also making inspections in Bulgaria, has or
dered that all the young women and girls of the vil
lage through which he passes should go forth to
meet him ; and as the krnet of the village of Staik
ouse sent young men instead of females, the com
missioner had him bastinadoed. A number of the
inhabitants of the village, fearing the cruelty of the
commissioner, went to fly into Servia, but could
not be admitted owing to their having no passports.
The severity of the Turkish authorities in Bulgaria,
is greater in the frontier d strict* than in the centre,
but it is certain that there exists great agitation in
all the province.— Augsburg Gazette.
Extraordinary Elevation ok the Barome
ter. —The Boston Traveller, of Thursday last,
says :
The barometer slightly declined yesterday about
noon, but soon after 2 P M. it again began to rise,
and has since continued to do so. At JO A. M., its
altitude reduced to tbs temperature of 50, and the
mean level of the sea was thirty one and one-eighth
inches (31.12) indicating, as we believe, the greatest
pressure or condensation of the air at the sea level
ever recorded at any place.
On January Ist, 1839, its correct altitude was
nearly the same (31.11) and this has, until to day,
been considered without precedent. On three or
four other occasions, within the last 33 years, tn©
pressure has been equal to full 31 inches, but after
curetul examination, we hive been unable to hna
that height baa ever been reached elsewhere tnan
in New England. At Greenwich Obaervatonr the
maximum in ninety years was 30.05, tins occui rea
about sixty years since, and has never since been
“‘iTutherefore probable, M hasJ been heretofore
stated, that at times the air in the Northeastern part
of the United States is more condensed than at any
other part of the earth, where observations of the
barometer have been made for a series of years.
VOL. LXX.—NEW SERIES VOL. XXL NO. 8
EUROPEAN INTEI.LKiKMIH,
BY THE KUROPA.
The Amaericans and thk Chinese.—The Lon
don Times’ Hong Kong correspondent, writing Dec.
15,says:
On the 15th November, Capt. Foot, United States
ship Portsmouth, was on his way from Whampoa
to Canton, for the purpose of withdrawing the Ame
rican marines stationed at the factories, when, in
passing the barrier forts, a boat was fired at by the
Chinese, and obliged to put back, notwithstanding
the American* flag was flying at the time, and was
also waved from the bdbtso that there might be no
mistake. The United States meu-of-war Portsmouth
and Levant moved up the river and bombarded the
torts, which the Chinese defended bravely, replying
with a well directed fire, killing two men ami woun
ding others, aud doing some damage to the vessels.
Commodore Armstrong then wrote to the Viceroy
demanding an opology within twenty-four hours.
The reply being unsatisfactory the Americans pro
ceeded at once to take the forts, which they have
since destroyed.
Iu this service several lives were lost. Since this
took place Gov. “Yeh” has written to the American
authorities to say that their flag shall be respected,
and that it was entirely a mistake that led io the mis
understanding. There are yet oue or two small
points at issue, but we understand that the Ameri
cans will accept this apology and withdraw from
Canton.
The Plenipotentiaries and Naval Commanders-iu-
Chiefs of Great Britain ami America have held a
conference on Canton, but there have been no re
sults of importance arrived at.
The China Mail, of the 11th December, says the
Americans met with a fatal accident in completing
the destruction of the barrier fort*. One of the mines
exploded, through the carelessness of a seaman,
killing him aud two of his shipmates and wounding
six others.
The Portsmouth and Levant had returned to
Whampoa.
A despatch says the French had destroyed some
forts.
Great Britain.— The Loudon Moruing Herald
persist* in its statements of an attempted reconstruc
tion of the cabinet, by an infusion of the Aberdeen
party.
The London Post, the Government organ, asserts
that the statements of the Herald are unfounded,
and that it has gone hopelessly mad.
It was, however, generally believed that some
such reconstruction was being negotiated among
the party.
The principal mere,bants of Liverpool have
presented an address to Sir John McNeil and
Col. Tullock, being the only acknowledgment yet
given for their report upon the Crimea mismanage
ment.
ft The first meeting of the Mercantile Law Reform
Couferenoe took place in London. Lord Broug
ham presided, and delegates from the principal
cities attended A deputation was appoint ed t o call
upon Lord Palmerston, respecting the Bankrupt
Laws. The subject of a Tribunal of Commerce was
referred to a committee.
The working men of London have formed em.
gration companion on a large scale to Ctmada and
Australia.
The ticket of leave convicts had held a public meet -
ing in London on the call of Henry May hew. The
meeting was favorable to tickets of leave being good
only in the oolonies.
All the prisoners in the case of the recent mutiny
on board the ship Bogert have been liberated ex
cept Campbell, the second mate, who is held on the
charge of shooting.
Italy.— From Naples accounts are deplorable. —
Terror reigns throughout the oapital and kingdom.
Arrests continue incessantly. A priest has uttemp
ted to assassinate the Archbishop of Matera while
he was giving his benediction to the people. The
Archbishop was wounded, aud a canon, who at
tempted to protect him, was shot dead by the assas
sin.
TUE LATEST BY TELEGRAPH TO LIVERPOOL.
Paris , Friday. —The Court of Cessation having
rejected Verges' appeal yesterday, the assassin was
executed this morniug. He was greatly distressed,
and it was found necessary to carry him to the scaf
fold.
The Court of Cessation has pronounced judgment
to-day upon the appeal from the decision ts the Im
perial Court of Lyons, with inference to the illegali
ty of distributing electoral bulletins or voting tick
ets without a special permission from the authori
ties. The judgment of the Court of Cessation is
against the liberty*)!' distributing electoral bulle
tins.
Naples, Jan. 29.—A period has been fixed within
which political prisoners must decide whether they
will implore the Royal clemency or suffer transpor
tation.
A decree has been issued effecting certain reforms
in tlie postal system. Other decrees at reform are
expected.
Commercial. —Time’s City Article, Friday Eve
ning.—The English funds opened with a tendency
to steadiness this morning, but the market soon re
lapsed aud ultimately exhibited great heaviness.—
There was no political news and the market was in
flueuced solely by pressure for money, which was
increased by the arrangements in connection with
foreign settlements, aud by the India House having
withdrawn a sum which they had temporarily lent
upon stock. The rate for loans on good securities
was six and a half per cent, and advances were ob
tained from the Bank on these terms.
In the discount market there was undiminished
activity. Applications at the were numerous.
The amount of gold taken from the Bank to-day for
exportation was ouly about £ 10,000. It is estima
ted that the amount to be taken out by the steamer
Ripon to India and China on the 4th of Februai y
will be between £700,000 aud £BOO,OO0 —nearly all
in silver. The closing quotations of French three
per cents this evening was 676.30 centimes for mo
ney and accounts, showing a renewed decline of
nearly Jc. per oent.
Letters from Paris to-day mention a current re
port that M. Minns, finding his Spanish loan of three
million pounds proceeding exceedingly heavy, in
tended to visit London next week to offer terms t o
holders on certificates of confiscated coupons.
The Daily News city article of Friday evening
says :
“The funds show a fresh fall of about one quar
ter per cent., owing to the increased lightness of the
money market, which is gradually breaking down
outstanding speculating for high fprices. English
railway shares were especially well supported in
face of the continued downward movement of tlie
funds. The demand for money to-day was ext raor
dinarily active in the discount market, at the Bank,
and iu all other quarters, aud considerable tightness
was experienced.
Latest New*.
The inquiry instituted by the Board of Trade in
regard to the loss of the West India Mail Steamer
Tyne, has resulted in the finding of a report, strong
ly censuring the Captain o f the vessel for not con
stantly using the lead on approaching land, arid for
the total absence of other precautions necessary to
insure the safety of the ship.
Commercial and Financial.
A circular of an influential Liverpool house says
the shipments of Cotton from Liverpool are unusu
ally large ; the quantity now at sea is estimated at
120,000 bales, and it is thought that the Chinese
difficulties must direct to Liverpool more than the
usual proportion of the crop. Tlie continued large
purchases by speculators and exporters of India
Cotton to arrive are oreating Home interest. The
improved quality of the American Cotton, has in
duced speculators to contract for Cotton that in ull
probability may not be shipped from Bombay be
fore April next.
Liverpool, Jau. 30.--Breadstuff's. -Messrs Rich
ardson, Spence & Co., quote wheat as quiet and
firm—holders offering freely without pressing their
stocks upon the market. Red wheat 8® 95.; wuite
wheat9s. 3d.®9s. lOd. For Flour the market is
inactive, but is slightly dearer, and holders ask an
advance. Western Canal 315.i1325.; Baltimore aud
Philadelphia 31s. 6d.®325. 6d.; Ohio 345.® 355.; In
Corn there is an improved demand, and prices arc
slightly dearer —holders demanding an advance of
3® fid. The quotations are : —Mixed corn 335. fid.
®33s. 9d.; yellow corn 345.®35?.; white corn tos.
® 358. fid.
London Money Market, Jan. 30. —The money
market continues without the least improvement.
The demund out of doors and at the Bank is active
at full rates, but this has more relation to the Stock
Excharge, where money is much wanted at6J ®7
per cent, than the general business. The demand
on the Bank has been very heavy, and with the com
mercial payments on the 4th, and the settlement
for Consols on the sth of February, there is no pros
pect of relief lor some days, and then no Australian
gold can be expected till the middle or end of Feb
ruary. It was generally expected that the Bank
of England would have raised the rate of discount,
but it uas not done so.
The bullion is going out steady, and the Bank has
been selling stock. The decrease for the week end
ing the 24th was £6OO. There is no immediate
prospect of the stringency iu the money market be
ing relieved. Consols for money and account are
quoted at 935®93.
The iron market is quiet and steady. Welsh bars,
free on board, £8; Rails, £B® £8 ss. ; Scotch Pig
Iron on the Clyde, 735. 6d.; Copper Steady , Sheath
ing 15; common Pig Lead firm at 23.
The mails by the Europa,at Boston, contain some
few additional matters of interest from China. —
The following is an extract from the circular of the
American house of A. Heard A l Co., dated Hong
Kong, Dec. 13:
“Admiral Seymour has stated in a dispatch to Sir
John Bowring that having command of the river de
fences, he has no other operation in immediate con
templation beyond the maintenance of his position,
and that it now remains with the British Govern
ment to determine whether the present oppoi tu
nity shall be made available to enforce the treaty
stipulations which the Canton Government have
been hitherto allowed to invade wilh impurity.
“The condition of the country around Canton is
described as being most alarming, as, owing to the
withdrawal of troops for the defence of the city, the
various districts are overrun with lawless bands.
Food is becoming scarce and dear, and the rebels
are gaining adherents fast.”
A postscript to a circular from Bains & Co.,
dated Singapore, Dec. 22, says :
“Tue foreign factories were all burnt down by
the Chinese on the 15th iuat. The British fleet had
in consequence renewed the bombardment of the
city.”
A letter from D. N. Spooner, Esq., to the Boston
Exchange News Room, dated Hong Kong, Dec. 15,
says :
“The U. S. steamer Levant is near the factories.
The San Jacinto (flag-ship; is at Whampoa. The
Portsmouth is at Hong Kong, bound to Shangbae.
Our officers and men have exhibited the greatest
gallantry and skill in the engagements with the Bar
rier torts, and on guard duty at Canton None of
the officers of the squadron were wounded in the re
cent engagements.”
Admiral Seymour sends to the Admiralty a dis
patch dated at Canton, Dec. 14, from which we take
the following statement with reference to the ope
rations of the American naval forces :
‘ The American ships of war completed the de
molition of the Barrier forts on the 6tb, and dropped
down to Whampoa. These forts were of enormous
strength and solidity, being entirely built of large
blocks of grauite, with walls nine or ten feet thick.
They were heavily armed, many of the guns being
seven or eight tons weight with a bore of thirteen
inches ; one bras 8$ inch gun was 21 feet long.”
The following letter from th • American minister
in China was written after the destruction of the
Barrier Forts t
“Legation of the United States, /
Macao, Dec* 9, 1856. S
“Sir: A dispatch from Commodore Jauiea Am
atromr of today'* date, inform* me that on the
fitb iostaut the demolition of tee Barrier lort* «*"
completed, and the utiips had returned to the aucho
raueat Whampoa, and in a few day a the damage to
h? veesel would be repa.red. In closing me copies
with the Imperial Cornu,m
eioner he obiervee: 'Here I nre.ume.lt, will end,
Tud .o long as he, the Imper.al Commiaaioner, doe.
“t commit any act of Violence against our flag or
“it zena we aball reat upon our arias. Hia Exeel
lency Yeh, in a dispatbh ot the 7th lust, writes Com*
motors Armstrong : ‘From this I see your Excellen
cy has a clear knowledge of affairs—there is no mat
tei of strife between our respective natious. Hence
forth let the fashion of the flag which American
flbips employ be clearly defined, aud inform me
what it is beforehand. This will be the verification
of friendly relations which exist between the two
countries.’
“ I have this day resumed correspondence with
the imperial commissioner, demanding attention to
various important subjects which I have chosen to
place in abeyance pending the adjustment ot the
naval question . among them, other instances in
which the flag of the United States has been fired on
by the Chinese and the rights of the United States
citizens, under treaty, have been brought to his Ex
oellenoy’s notice, who has been informed that, fail
) ing to render the mai.-tfoclion Uenmmled lor lhe vio
-1 he.ioii ol the treaty by the fort, of Kiang-Slmn, iho
matter will also lie handed over to the cummamlov
m-chiet ot (he I’nited States naval forces in China
to manage.
... lln " bnef expose of the present state of our re
«>e Chinese government at your port you
of communicate for the information
jurisdiction B *’ cWzeus within your consular
,< n %''‘fo' < 'rihlly, .Vo., Pkter Parker.
ton ° H * eITy ’ lisq '’ U "’ lUd States Consul, Can
Front the London Neion, Jan. 30,
The advice, from Hong Kong by the last Over
bad mail extended to Nov “l. They brought in
telligeuee, it will be remembered, ol the Demolition
ot the Barrier hurts hy the Americans. The pro
sent mail brings the new. down to the Kith of Do
oember.
The general summary of the Overland Friend of
Chinn, of December 15, \* as follows :
“ We have no change in the temper of the Chi
nese government to report. Yeh, backed by the
gentry and the people, is as obdurate as ever. He
will make no sign, and nothing but the extremest
measures can now produce the result desired. Un
til we have more men, however, little can be effeot
ed. Not until the heights, liie city, and the suburbs
are entirely under our command, aud traversed by
ouv soldiers, will the Cautonese bo satisfied of
their inability to maintain the nsuociable position
they have so long contended for. A couple more
regiments and sotm*field pieces would be sufficient.
“The only event oi importance since the despatch
on the 25th ultimo, via Calcutta, of the record of the
ten preceding days, hus been the capture and de
molition of the French Folly Fort, wit ha loss on our
side of one marine private, shot through the body
by an iron arrow. The destruction of tlie Fort was
most complete; and the rapidity with which it was
performed must have had an astonishing effect on
the Chinese mind. In each of seventeen mines a
hundred pounds of powder were buried, and at the
hour of high noon tlie whole was exploded—so leav
ing hardly one stone square upon another. Our gal
lant brothers in arms the Americans, have been less
successful in their operations on the Barrier Forts—
the indiscreet use of a crowbar on a charged mine
sending three to eternity ut once, and wounding
half u dozen others who were standing by. Never
theless they, too, have well performed the work of
destruction—if it can bo thought well to destroy
forts (the two southernmost especially) that might
have beeu easily held, aud would have proved
useful.
“The destruction of a villago where a sailor aud
a marine of ours were waylaid and murdered, and
the death of Captain Cowper, R. E , Acting Sur
veyor General, Hong Kong, by the fall of a house
upon him, are also among the notablia of tho
period.”
An extra ot the Hong Kong Register, of Decern
ber 16, details the destruction of the factories at
Canton:
“On .Sunday night,the I Itli instant, at 11 o’clock,
the factories on the west side of the British factory,
were set on fire in six places, and when the steamer
Lily left on Monday at 1 l\ M., the destruction waa
oomvlete, wit!.* the exception of two houses facing
the American Garden, now or lately iu the occupa
tion of Messiv. Russell \ Co , but as all behind were
bin ning, they were expected to go also. The houso
built at the bottom o; Hog lane for a parsonage, was
blown up to prevent flames spreading to the
houses in the Bn: \ —but our informant
seemed to doubt > • attended with sue
cess. We have u r ilars.
“During the co:: Dutch Folly Fort
was throwing she! into the city. No
attack made—the Cm.. mi touting themselves
with burning the empty houses, by which their own
people will be tlie gieatcet bu.l’erers.
“Since writing the tiboyg, we have dales 2 hours
later, to 6P. M. yesterday. By them we learn that
the Oriental Bauk was at that time iu full blaze—
the Agra and Mercantile Banks burned down—the
Consulate still standing, but expected to go, with
all the remaining buildings iu the Factories. The
fire commenced behind the premises ot Messrs.
Dent «V Co., and all tin* houses fronting the Ameri
can Gardens, except those of Russell A Co. and
West more Co., burned; the two last named were
saved for the time.
“W e are sorry to learn that the fire has been ac
companied wit i loss of life Mi. O. T. Lane, of the
Consulate, having been killed by the blowing up
of the parsonage, and Dr. Winchester, Vice Consul,
slightly bruised.’*
The China Mail says : “We hear this day of one
fcerrible consequence of the present, condition of Can
ton. Yeh, it seems, has been concentrating 1 here all
the troops ordinarily distributed through the sur
rouuding country, and some of this districts from
which the garrisons have been withdrawn have been
consequently overran by thousands of Hak-ka-mcn.
Within the last three weeks the magisterial districts
of Sinbwui, Sin ning, K’ui-p'ing, and Hohshau, have
suffered tearfully. Some fifty towns and villages
are said to have been sacked and burned; the in
habitants massacred without distinction of age or
sex, and it is computed that some 50,001) people
have been turned out of house and home. Many
are stated to have reached Macao, and some even
this island. Making due. allowance for Chinese am
plificatiou, there appears l«» be little doubt of the
main facts. The account, furnished us by a Chinese,
is more than usually detailed, so far as the specifica
tion of the localities afflicted are concerned. At
Hoh-shau, the magistrate was among the slain, aud
link-lifts, styh d rebels of course, were in possession
of the city. What the title of their body may be, if
they have assumed any, is not known.”
From the Clnna Maxi, Dec. 11.
The Taking of the “French Folly.”— The
Freuch Folly was taken on Thursday last, and the
following letters describe the manner iu which the
work was done :
“ On Wednesday evening the Encounter, Barra
contaand Coromandel, moved into the vicinity of
Dutch Folly, and on Thursday morning, followed
by a number of boats, the two former took up a
position ott the French Folly, which they did with
out any opposition on the part of the Chinese, who
strange to say, let slip the opportunity they took ad
vantage of iu the former attack, by tiring away at
the steamers before they were iu proper position, a
proceeding which iu this case occupied half an hour.
At, sunrise the Encounter made the signal, and im
mediately the two steamers and the Dutch Folly
opened a terrible tire ; the shell hurling into the
fort in great numbers, and evidently paralyzing the
garrison, who fired but few though well directed
shots, oue of which struck the Barracout a amidships,
bet ween wind and water, and two struck the Eu
counter, one of them going through her side into the
cabin. So rapid and unerring wusthe tiring of our
forces, that, the Chinese could make but little use of
their gnus. Twice did they desert the defences, and
twice they were driven bark by the pressure of
their own forces behind among the houses iu the
vicinity.
The tiring lasted about .'fl minutes, and then tjie
boats advanced,covered by occasional fire from tho
Barracouta and the guns of the Coromandel, which
vessel now advanced olofto to the fort for that pur
pose, the boat* at the same discharging their bow
guns. A few shots were fired at. the boats as they
advanced, probably by swine desperate fellows rush
ing (or perhaps driven) into the tlai k batteries,
match in hand, and as quickly retreating. Unfortu
nately, a rocket from the Chinese struck one of our
men in the boats, and caused his death; but besides
this casualty, there is-only one wounded. The bouts
effected a landing without difficulty, and took full
possession without further opposition Tho red
jackets were placed on the walls and behind the
newly erected flanking batteries, from which they
fired at every living creature that showed itself, aud
turning round the small guns of the lower flanking
battery, fired away into the houses behind the fort,
as also did some of the boats placed for the purpose
of preventing any re-organization of the retreating
who were supposed to bo seeking shelter in the
neighboring houses—proof of their presence being
an occasional shot, and rocket directed against us.
The work of mining immediately commenced,
and was proceeded without much interruption till
about, noon, when all our forces were withdrawn ;
and by the time the boats containing them got to a
safe distance, a loud rumbling noise was heard; a
huge black cloud of smoke ascended, large masses
of stone were flying upwards in the air to an im
meiiHo height, and for a few moments nothing was
to be seen in the direction of French Folly but
smoke, and the spray caused by the falling masses
of stone in the water. When the smoke cleared
away, the site on which French Folly stood was
marked by an incongruous heap of grauite stones
and earth; the destruction was most complete,
eighteen of our mines, consuming upwards ot 500
pounds of powder, had exploded almost simultane
ously. The interior of Lhe tort, when captured, waa
completely in ruins, ar d the fort itaelt was very
I much shattered, s- '* guns were new, but
were all of Chin< , and mounted on
new carriages, t : oge guns, which
had been brok« • ted, and were
serviceable for > k were found,
offering the usu ads of English
men. There wkb 4 which it was
stated that if the Engi .-u d* <o uns attacked the
fori, the gates would he immediately closed, and
the gurrisou allowed no means of escape, except by
repelling the barbarians’
Two live Chinamen, and one dead, were found
inside the fort. Below the fort was a v ry efficient
breastwork of granite atones, surmounted with bags
of sand; and a five-gifu battery, well erected with
bales of cotton, secured by strong, stakes driven
into the ground. One dead Chinaman was found
in this battery ; and so hot had beeu the tire of our
foroes, that some of the guns in the battery were
not even discharged, and so by turning them round,
as above stated, their own shot and powder wera
also made available against the Chinese. In tbo
rear of the battery, as also in the rear* of the fort it
self, were plat forms in the paddy field for the soldiers
to live on, they were covered with tents and the re
mains of Chinese camp equippage. Above die fort
was a well placed two-gun battery, formed of grun
ite stones , aud here was found another dead China
man. Still further on the flank was a sand bug bat
tery; but this did not appear to have any guns iu it,
though embrasures were formed, and the tire of our
boat* were too hot. to allow the Chinese to use it as
a breastwork for their jinjalls. While the above
work was going on, the Chinese sent a few strag
gling shot and rockets .owards the Dutch Folly
from the city walls, the consequence of which was
that a few shells were sent into the city near to tho
Yamuu, one of which caused a large explosion, and
set fire to some buildings close to. In the evening ft
fire bfoke out in the heart of the city ; but, alter
burning furiously for two or three hours it was sub
dued.”
State Sovereignty. —On Thursday last, two
free negroes, Win. Carter aud John Powell, sea
men on board the British barque Billow, were ai
rested in our city for being absent from their vessel
without leave, and weru ordered by the Mayor to
be punished withjstripes by virtue of an act of
Assembly iu such cases, made aud provided. Iho
punishment was commuted with the assent of the
captain of the barque to the payment of cost* of
arrest and other usual charges, to which however,
Her Majesty’s Counsel, C. I‘ R. Janie?, Esq., demur
red upon the ground of the negroes being British
subjects, and therefore exempt from the punishment
to which other free negroes were liable for a viola
tion of the uforesaid act of Assembly. Our worthy
Mayor however maintained his authority iu the
matter, and gave Her Majesty’s representative tho
alternative to pay charges or submit to the punish
inent of the negroes, the former of which he adopted
under protest. The decision of the Mayor in this
case is in strict eonformhy with State Sovereignty,
the inaiutenauc!* of which is absolutely neoessary
for the preservation of the rights ofthe blaveholdmg
states. — Norfolk ( Vn.) Arm/s.
Sale of the Pennsylvania Public Works.—
The Legislature of Pennsylvania have again uuder
consideration a bill for the sale of the Main Line of
the Public Works of the Commonwealth, to the
Pennsylvania Railroad, for the sum of $9,000,000.
The title of the bill is, “An Act to provide for the
sale of the Rain Line of the Public Works, tho
completion of the Sunbury and Erie Railroad, and
to reduce the State debt. The preamble declares,
Ist. That the Main Line was constructed to facili
tate intercourse betweeu the client aud the Occi
dent, and to develope the agricultural and mineral
resources of the State. 2d. That it is believed that
a transfer of the line to the corporation will better
attain these ends. 3d. That the speedy completion
of the Sunbury and Erie Railroad is demanded by
the best interest* of the State, as it wilt be tho
shortest route from the lakes to the seaboard, and
insure to the .State, aud particularly to Philadelphia,-
a largo share of the vast and growing commerce of
these Island seas, dtc. And 4th. That these ob
jects can all be accomplished, and the public debt
largely reduced.
Charity with Twenty Per Cent Off.—At
one of the churches in this country, where an annual
charitable collection was taken up ou the last
Sabbath the amount contributed nominally exceeded
the usual sum, but was almost entirely in the
depredated foreign coin! — Taunton (Mass.) Ga*
%etle.