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m \Y. S. JONES.
TERMS, &c
T H E W k r. K L V
i* Published r*rry Wcdncidiiy,
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lij advar.ce.
IF NOT PAID WITHIN THREE MONTHS,
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SIX C >Fi£S FOR TEN DOLLARS,
r Vj n . (riuy |, r ,K;ur« u- Five sab
i-’i A-vMJ u* rile money. I S'’The pa
-1”’: : ” utadvanc Nor will
TIN DO LI. A i i I » p*‘ l /A/
p. ~,, k ( ,d Jo- rc' t ived. y/ie whole bur mutt
THL JHONLCLD & SENTINEL
AMI) i Itl-WKKKI.V,
..... rt! • i"l.»■»'. and mailed to nub
DAILY I'AFEIi, .. • rt by man, Seve* Dollars
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Ti>rnw of Advmlxliig.
IHr Wei kly.—.Seventy-five cento per square
1185 V!
SOI I’llEK,\ CtLTIVATOR,
\ liONi ill.V JOI It.Vtl.,
|>}VoTLD KX* i ' -1 V b l. y to THL IMPROVEMENT Ok
. Hortu wfnn , Stuck Breeding,
r< try, /<•' v. General Firm Economy, sc.
jiio'o-iit-'J wiih Numerous Elegant Engravings.
OM; DOi.LAK A » ;.,\U IN ADVANCE.
DANIEL LEL .»L D am* D REDMOND, EDITORS.
TI ifecenth Volume will commence in
January, 1057.
-
■I rea ling nuuu r than in/ Agri
nil mi ii j-.ui ..: • ; - »-inbraciug, in addition to
. „rr« Jit ;igr>' id!lira) topics of the day,
VAI.I Altl.K OIUOINAL CONTKIBUTIONB
Uigent and practical Planters,
j\u .! hi iloi in ulturu is iu every section of the Boatb
TERMS:
o\k< v 1 * i 4! i *2sCopies, 1 year S2O
t 0 i ’■ 75
iso iiM’.ni- <• w iil the pajM - be -<nt uule.i * the money ac
»• oi-i ,'i *!!• r The Bills of all specie-paying
l',-' ii Us ri j V i"'l :»t j. u All money remitted by mall,
a,, paid, will bee the »,-k of the Publishers.
\dv«iri*eiMent*
Inserted at ()M Dollar per -quare of twelve lines,
niNi!:im l on ji. vi «■, per annom, Ten Dollars
Addr. WMI. >. JONES, \ii«iih|u, (in.
* l*.-r ! who will a« tas A.« uts. and obtain Hub
, ■ • W ill Im-j ini' -he.l With the paper at Club rates
FOR SALE
FOR SALE,
*1 * 111 unit*!- igued. <!••>.irons of leaving the State,
* oil. ; ■: i . --it. all Ilirt REAL KMTATB in
the own -I'M. uiv :.>n, Wari • n county, (la., consisting
u i> u . ! : ; Non . . and Lot «.r about live aerosol
%ait i .v Ul Ga riage StoopAud Lot, Fooia, Machine
.iiinb. i, <1 Hit bin stock. together with all bit finished
amt unfinished work.
From lit to twenty thousand dollars worth of
v. at thin
and, in twelve month i.
J*t-r I. ivi -hii’K purchase are respectfully invited
call a id examiiio for theum-lves.
l»o . ooji will be given at any time, to suit the pur
cha e GEORGE L. BOS HER
Warrenton. Ga . June r», 1 -A*. jo7 wtf
A DESIRABLE SUMMER RESIDENCE FOR
SALE.
r II , bla SUMMER
I KKSIDh.M K hm (!f .n; health amt the beauty
, | ml« u ixfccn miles from
Augusta and live mile* from Mr Bean’s Btation on the
■ ■
Jam! on whirb it i situated, there are about 100 acre.-,
one l.i t iwhoh am et eared On the premises there is
ago d spring >d' water. Further information maybe
ued in tin’ city.
mv ... :ji W K. BIKES
FOR SALE.
I NOW oiler for .".o' myentu e ltivcr PLANTATION,
j.~ or 10 mße> south of Colombo*, Ga., inßarboai
ou the Chat ahoo hee rh er, «"tuaiu
tug JUKI . :« . ! .’OU m a tli. - late of cultivation and
g i repaii Ago -d Water din and Ferry across the
Gliattalio... he.-river Tl e above will bo for sale at any
«. nr until sold ami |- ■< ,ion given. Terms to suit pur
I
TO MEN OF TASTE AND CAPITAL.
f II K subscriber, wishing to remove to Southwestern
1 Georgia proposes to sell his place near Gave Spring,
n Vann • Valley, Floyd eounty, lia., containing 311
acres, more or le--. returned Ist quality oak and hickory
- nt" <!y ol oil and surtaeo not i<> wash ; some 160 acres
cleared aud under good tillage ; the remainder generally
well t mbered It has everal ipring* of cool blue Lime
Htoi.. u. i. i two * • nstant streams, an effective watei
pew e; >a i. moit d.imiiig, orehards ol many well selectee
./ar ■ e .idy ot. w .. and a largo and cominodi
ronn I Iby site scenery, end
within a mile ol the village, long noted for its educational
Advantage* AH who have examined the premises, con
cur m the opinion that this place combines the element*
afh.-.i . o nce and heelthftilnecs to so
extent eldoun tfever, equalled in this country. But
and the i baraeter, location
and ■■o-.iivc,i of tlie place cun hardly fail to satisfy you
that it Is a No. 1 article, not subject to the tluctuatiomx
ft he market. For terms, apply ou the premises
W. D. COW DUE V.
Cave Spring. July 10, IHTiG. Jyl3-wtf
FOR SALE,
\l*lj \NT \TION containing 1500 acres Land, well
. limbered , *JtH) acres cleared, and produces the best
Sea Island Cotton and I’n-v.sion*of all kinds. A good
two-story Dwelling, containing even rooms, with four
lire places, und to nvt piazza. ; Kl«eh»n, Smoke House,
two st.»ry Cot urn Nous. , Gin Mouse, and other buildings,
are on the premises, with a Well of good water ; a tine
ran ye for M g- ;.id Cattle F* h and Oysters convenient
In I>i ye abumlaiice, A more healthy, pleasant location
is mil to he h. . i in Southern Georgia. Further par
ticular- can be obtained by application to the subscr her
at Savai.im.i ’ V. WOOLLEY.
novlfi wtf
ida Forwarded Free of Cnarge!
AUGI STA AND SAVANNAH RAILROAD.
VTTI .NTION ts called to this Road as a means of
communication with the Seaboard and thence with
Northern Ports Th- o arc new tour FIRST CLASS
tn l IMSHII'S and Six Lille-of Fast Sailing Vessels,
rim .m; \ i regularity and ch.-patch, between New-York
ami Savhiurili . al-<» a Steamship Line from Philadel
phia aud Sailin', \ i els from that port, Baltimore and
Boston, makmg ih» ■ mmunicatiou between the North
ern . t , and Savannah t* . reliable for CERTAINTY
AND sr! i:»».that to auy g»ther Southern Port.
Thv K. :o! chu expei t only the bn due:* of Augusta,the
Towukr’ -t Counties along the line of the Georgia Rail*
pond, and tbo>. Counties lying to H v Ncr;.h of that Road.
Other Ron have a larger field of operations that cauuot
be neglect'-1 merely to secure bo limited a trade as
ihr.: to v. huh wl- mu. t alone give all on* time; aud
v : comp* j tor will be allowed, by superior attention, to
deprive ■ < t it. f . it In our full determination to conduct
it with t w.t fidelity, <!■'’patch and economy, which Is sure
ultimate yt * gain and retain it.
As regardi Rate «, . < v shall be as low as by auy other
Road andiu order to reduce all charges to a minimum
rate, contracts for Drayage have already been entered
into at Savannah, ard no one connected with the Receiv
ing aud Forwarding has any other interest than that o!
seeing that ALL OH ARGKS arc at the lowest rates.
► nr By Railroad a saving of one quarter of one per I
cent can bo made in the lu9urance between Northern
Porta aud Augusta.
U |* >RW AUDI D i 188 OF COMMIS
SIONS. They should be marked “in care of Coe G. RR.
Agent," Savannah.
Published by order of the Beard.
FRANCIS T. WILLIS, President.
July l, 1856. jy46
C OL2M AN HU u"5 W,
BY LANIER A EADY,
KNOXVILLE, TENN.
riIHK undersigned havi-i taken charge of this large
I aud KViimc-dious House, respectfully solicit and
hope to merit a liberal share of patronge. The house is
furnished in the most thorough and modern style, with a
view to ewuveuieace aud emufor . It is situated iu the
heart of the eitv. convenient to a ; l the bu -ness, and ou
the principal street Au omnibus is always iu readiness
to e nvey p.-tssengm t - aud from the Depots ou the arri
val ' I ,V i ,-irtur of the ears The Stage for Moutvale
Spriug arrives and departs daily.
' n-.e •.-lb’.e will he -uppiied with the best the market
atYerd-. it id no -ams will be spared to render guests
co".nfi*r: t SAMPSON LANIER,
Ju’v P» KV. iiv-JMfl JOHN KADY.
SJO REWARD.
IiANAWAY, fn u th« tbaenber rwMßg m Put-
V namomiutv. near Merrill, iu August last, mv Negro
Mau FRA N K He ia about -Jo years old, five feet ten in
ches high, of medium sizo. has ; ; -light impediment in his
apee<-h. aud .;as lost the sight of oue eve He was raised
In Vu :m;». s ha< been in G»*<*rgis aVout two years.
The above vewaid w ill be j-a d f-»r his delivery to me,
or to any 'ail so that lean get him
jCv wtf JOHN A. HARRIS.
4 The Southern Recorder w ill pnhliahlill forbid, and for*
w ard account to this .'tfioo for pavment
K. K. KK ARP N WSt B. K RAN CISCO.
BEARDEN Si FRANCISCO,
1 )RODl( i: AM) t •) >1 MISSION MERCHANTS,
..I Lard,
Flour. Corn. Gat-, Feathers, and Tennessee Produce
generaliy.
Perse < shipping to ns can rely upon prompt returns.
. NIIR TO
M-'ivhau*- • i . • Ki.oxville M> rgan & Co.,
J.< Lid wards. J -one C Lit: 1. Co-.:iptr*»'d r. Nashville;
Richard H C,ev,• < 11. Rea Chau ier a Co.. J A M.
Prmii-h, C'l-.attau •■-i.-s ; 1 J. Ca ‘poe'd, Cieveiaud; U C.
Ja> \ \ tVer ; < Merchauts of East Tenuease generally.
a\hvH>-w ■ y
w bLCM I, likirriTHs saws.
PATENT GROUND.
HAVING Mr. Wm Sonthwell hU
8 kWS
for who hw e nav- d b a large - uu, and we are the
sole proprietors ot th-> patent, we will reward anv per
•ou giving ml**rmat not utnngements on the same
This is the only Machine ever invented that will grind
a Saw perteetiv own it: tv.-., kites* They will require
le * sett —will uot heat wh. l .- ruan uR-will saw smooth
—save lumber—-and keep an edge longer than any oU*r
saw - mauie—and are not liable to become untrue.
A our S-.w - are made from an extra quality of Cast
Steel, imported expressly tor our own u*e, at much high
er eo-t than generally used for Saws.
Were-;.e. :tti.lv m’fovm all manufaemres of Lumber,
that no Saw will be *>nt from this establishment but
Trhat wot «a per tor steel and w.rkmaaship ; the temper
w .i: be found more even and uniform ibau any saw n
U Order* .. eexved by CAR MICA AEL A BEAN Auguj
ta % y 4; WFITH A GRIFFITH
PKACTIC* JF SUkUfiKV
Iv It. Ji Itl \»t II IkKla** is prepared to accom
" m -iate w ;th and Nursing, such patientsa»
may be directed to him f«»r Surgical operations or treat•
tueu*. Master- may be as-ur»*d thaftheir Servants will
NOTICE
Till, r’.ght ban i ' i i~t a SA) lU,X • 157. let ter B.Julv
l \ , signo.l Roht F Poe. President, and the left
aand han it .a •- [\ „ o, s A. payable to Geo. M
l'hew. or tv ar-r -igoedJ \V Dav .Cashiej, ou the
Bank ><f Augu-ta whu :. cam.- nto th** p »s-e--u»n of the
•übsertberi w ont-‘ i Three mem;Us after date ap
kdteatton will t.*- mno..-t r payment for vb** above ha f
kil's, in aceoida . with th- :* guUtion- adopted Bth
Hay. 1“ by The !» uks of the c*y of Augusta for the
aayuH'nt «.f ssuh u '«•*
ap7*wllm WILLIAM VINEYARD.
let th£~ladies head this. ~
is no single artie'e eo much sought for, aud
J. heretof re B*'very d’ffii ult to obtain, as a GOOD
NEEDLE, all the Ladies will r**joice that at last there
fa an article introduced, which they can buy. with the
full a.-.-uranee that they are perec: in every respect,
and uniformly * », u-i as is the case with most other
Needles now in will a sma.. portion of a paj»er
prove goo*i, but rrcry Needle is warranted.
Be sure aud buy C J LA W KENCE S GOOVELESS
PERFECT EYED NEEDLES, to be found at ail the
Stores. ianJi-wfimo
notice"
A Islj PERSONS holding claims against Dr H. A
Ramsay'- Estate wil ! please l and them in immedi
ately ; and those indebted are requested to i>ay at once,
ats l am de ermiued to settle up Estate a» soon a*
the same can be done legally.
A M. CRAWFORD. Adm’r ex officio.
Appling. Colunib aco March 9. 1857 mh)o
DH. ROBERT SOUTHGATE
OFFERS his professional services to the public.
Reference —Dr. H. H. Steiner, at whose office he
may be found during the day ; at night, he may be found
jtt the Augusta Hotel. Jta
Weekly Chronicle & Sentinel.
a'fjroniclc & Sentinel.
j 0
Childhood «nd ifn Visiters.
BY ¥.. L EULWER.
I Once on a time, when sunny May
Was ki-edng up the April showers
j J **w fa-r hard at play
I Before a t*»ok of blush nv Oowern.
j IJapp>—he knew uot whence or how ,
I And smiling—who could choose, but lore him i
For not more giad than Cbi'dhood a brow
Wa> the gay heaven that laughed above biiu.
I Old Time came bobbong in his wrath.
And that green val.ey » cairn invaded ;
The brooks grew drj* beneath h. path,
The bird* were mute, the Milton faded ;
A Grecian tomb stood fail insight.
And that old Time De* an to batter,
Bor Childhood watched his paper kite,
Nor heeded be, one wh t the matter.
With curling lip, and eye askance,
Gu it g i7.ed upon the scene a minute.
But Childhood’s archly simple glance
Had sncfi a holy spell witbm it
T hat the dark demon to the air
Again spread forth P- baffled pinion,
And hid bis envy and despair,
Self-tort tired, in his own dominion.
Then stepped a gloomy phantom up.
Pale cypress crowned, night'woelui daughter,*
And proffered him a fearful cup,
Full tit the brim of b tier water;
Ha\ h Chddhood, Madam, what's your name i*’
And when the beldame uttered “Sorrow.
Then cried ' Don't interrupt my game,
I prithee call aga nto-morrow."
The muse of Pindus thitber came,
And wo d him with th»»K ftest numbers
That ever »'*a t 'er»d wea th and fame
1 pou a y utbful fKiet’s slur bers.
Though sweet th- lyre a~d aweet the lay,
To Childhood it w as all a riddle;
“Good graci-ous !" cried he, send away
That noisy woman with a fiddle !”
Then wi-dotn strlAhi»> bata'd ball,
And tau/hthim with mos' sage endeavor,
What bubbh s rise and aeo'ns fall,
And why no joy may last forever,
She talked of ail t e wondrous law s
Which Nature’'Open book discloses;
Bi.t Chilnhood when h«* made a pause,
Was fast a-leep am .ngthe rosea.
Sleep O’l. sle**p on! — v ale inauhcod’s dr< ams
atc a 1 of earthly pain or pleasure :
Os glory’s toils auil» tion’s schemes,
Os cherished love or hoarded treasure ;
But to couch where Childhood lies
A pure u imicgled trance is given,
Lit up by rays from so’-aoh’s eyes,
\ud glimpses of remembered heaven!
The Acqntlinl of >lrs. 4 nniiinghuin—KcleaM-
of Eckel.
Mrs. Cunningbam charged with the murder of Dr
Hurdell, has been acquitted, and Eckal released on
his own recognizance in the sutn of SSOOO. —
The effort of hei' counsel was forcible and eloquent.
Mr. Hall, the prosecuting attorney, followed for the
prosecution, and reviewed the whole testimony in a
close and critical manner, and declaring the prisoner
guilty of the murder. We quote the following point
of his argument:
There •»* nobody who knows where he spent that
night, and it was but fair to the honorable gentle
man who bore the burden of the defence, as well as
to the prosecution, to believe hie whereabouts were
not known. Eckel’s clock was up there ; was it go
ing ') perhaps not. She was the clock ; she told
Hannah, the cook, to go to bed, as it was ner 10
o’clock ; she told Snodgrass the hour ; she told the
daughters the hour ; she told the boys the hour, aud
the inference is that she coused that clock to be set
to one hour earlier that night. The doctors general
iy came in about ten o!clock , all were were in bed ;
Eckel to his r *oin, to his, the little boys,
the little gills then in bed, all were out of the way
when the victim came in ; he took off his shoes and
folded his shawl anil put down his cap.
None, then, but this woman could have come in
without, exciting remark ; or perhaps she opened the
door, which he perhaps had carefully locked, and
throwing the handkerchief over the Adams’ apple,
dragged him back with the right hand, while the
- tab was indicted with the lelt , and the strong man
would have the purchase of his arm, but it was the
weak baud ftf woman there and lie ran to the door
followed by the fiend. He saw those eyes glaring on
him and the carving knife plunged in his neck ; she
was as tall as Judge Dean, who was as tall as Doc
tor Hurdell; and even a shorter woman than she is
could have inflicted this blow. He (the District
Attorney) when he first saw’it said it was a left
handed blow ; Dr. Francis first thought so, Dr.
Woodward said so, and Dr. Uhi did not commit
h.mself ; but spite of all physicians have said, there
was the situation ol’the door, aud the jet of blood on
the wall to be looked to, and turning like a stag at
bay, the left handed blow was struck in his side.
1 will state, gentlemen, that you must look at this
ease with reference to the prisoner at the bar,
whether the hypothesis is sustained, ED as to exclude
the idea that this death should have been caused by
any other person. In reference to this rule of evi
dence, I will quote an old and well known authori
ty :—“The case must be such as to exclude to a
moral certainty every other hypothesis but that of
the guilt of the pirty accused.” In cases of doubt,
il is safer to acquit than to condemn. Gentlemen,
1 have now* discharged the duty which the luw’ im
poses upon me in this most painful and exciting
trial. 1 think you will bear witness that I have ex
hibited no other motive than to elicit the truth and
the whole truth, and to aid in placing before you
any facts which could avail you in solving tiiis
great crime. My duty is now ended, and you have
to retire to your room, calmly to dehbeiate and de
cide on the fate of this unhappy woman at the bar.
Meet your whole duty like men, feeling your deep
responsibilities and the solemnities of your oaths.
To your delusion I now commit the fate of this uu
iorluimte womau aud the future of herself aud her
family. Wtiile you deal justly by her, it is your pri
vilege also to deal mercifully ; for,.as I have before
remarked, if you have any reasonable doubt of her
guilt, that doubt is to be cast into the scale iu her
tavor, and entitles her to your verdict of acquittal.
If, on the contrary, on a review of the whole case,
you deem the charge contained in the indictment
proven, is your duty to youre untry aud your God to
say so, though it be with anguish of heart, and may
cause deep shame aud sorrow to others. Hut if in
this final reviewing you are not satisfied of her guilt
pronounce a verdict of acquittal, and let the ac
cused go free.
The jury retired precisely at T o'clock. All eyes
were directed alter them as they defiled behind the
Judge's chair on their w r ay to the jury room.
For a few minutes there was some alight depart
ure from the wonted quiet, stillness and order of the
Court. There were efforts on the part of the ladies
to get a nearer view of the now celebrated woman
whose fate was at this moment hanging ao awfully
in the balance. Hut she avoided as well aa possi
ble, this impertinent, though natural curiosity.—
Keating her head upon her hand aud looking down
ward, silent, and it may be prayerful, the daughters
peisisted in keeping their veils down so that the
curiosity of prying ey» s was not gratified.
At 5 minutes past 7, before the jury were well in
the r room, the hum and buz went round that they
had agreed on a verdict and we«e returning into
Court. This however, proved to be a mistake.
At twenty five minutes toB o’clock the buz again
went round that the jury had agreed aud were en
tering the court It proved to be correct this time.
The jury cutered ami took their seats on the boX.—
All eyes were turned toward them. A painful, pro
found stillness reigned throughout the court. The
Clerk (Mr. Ilenry Vandervoot) took his position on
the witness* chair, to call over the names of the
jurors and to put the usual formal questions to
them.
Before this was done, however, as a precaution
against a probable manifestation of feeling on the
rendition of the verdict, the folding doors oetween
the principal Court aud the Marine Court were
drawn together, aud the immense audience in the
latter t ourt thus shut out from witnessing the last
deeply exciting scene.
Mr. Vaudervoort—Gentlemen of the jury, have
you agreed to your verdict 1
The Foieman —We have.
[Here Mrs. Cunningham, deeply affected and
much agitated, was caused to stand up and lo k to
wards t ue jurors]
Mr. Vamlervoort—Jurors, look upon the prisoner;
prisoner, look upon the jurors. How say you, gen
tlemen, do you find Emma Augusta Cuuuingham,
otherwise called Burdell guilty or not guilty ?
The Foreman—Not guilty.
| Some manifestations of applause.]
Mrs. Cunningham was so agitated that she heard
not the words that the foreman uttered, and did not
know what the verdict was till her counsel whis
pered it to her . then she sunk back overpowered by
her feelings.
Mr Vamlervoort—Gentlemen of the Jury, you
say that you find Emma Augusta Cunningham,
otherwise called Burdell, not guilty of the murder
ami felony of which she stands indicted. So sav
all t
The jurors nodded assent.
Mrs. Cuuuingham and her daughters were then
conducted out of Court into one of the Judges*
chambers, and there tor some time received the con
granulation of their tiieuda on the happy termination
of the prosecution. We understand they returned to
the fatal house in Bond street.
The verdict seemed to afford very general satisfac
tion.
An Ocrtragsots Affair.— One of tiiemoet hor
rid occurrences that has ever come to our notice
was brought to light last week in the town of Con
cord General Means, who had buried two children
lately, was notified by some of hi* black people that
tb» ir graves bad beeu robbed. The idea was so hor
rid that he could not believe it, but, to satisfy him
self of its truth, he had the graves examined, wheu
he found that both of the bodies of his children
were gone and one of the coffins. Suspicion was
1 vt*d upon a man by the name of Nugent, who
had been living in Concord about six months, and
was a watch maker, as well as a sort of doctor. He
confessed the fact, not only of having taken ud the
children of Gen. Means, but some fourteen others.
This so exasperated the citizens that they became
perfectly frantic, and many threats were made, and
the determination manifested by persons whose
feeliugs had been so grievously outraged, of using
summary punishment for the offence, that the mise
rable object, who had beeu somewhat unwell, died
from the effects of fright.
At first it was supposed he had poisoned himself,
but a post mortem examination satisfied the physi
cians that hisdeath mus have beeu caused by tright.
His reason, as alleged by himself, for exhuming so
i many bodies was to obtain oil from them, which eve
rv physician needed. Besides taking up the child
fo' ' Vt? ' e{U 7° he had taken up a young woman.
I ' i e J the oil. he was in the habit of burning
i '..r y? ai d bones, and Gen. Means was shown
* °. f his were. and. upon ei
found viv ® ,e '‘ ,hand & PMt of the skull was
BDd
this horrid affarTaud he hi t lm V l ' C4l,ed
Carolina, bu, was" emL? Wk* wtf/n hew^
Since the above was in type. we learn that only
two or three bodies were taken up in Concord, but
Nugent stated he had taken up some fourteen at an
other place.— Charlotte H’A.g, ItiM inst.
From Kansas. — The following extract from a
I letter just received from a distinguished gentleman
in Kansas, gives a very sue-inot view of prospects
there. The letter is dated Leoompton, April *J7,
1557 :
*• I have been here now nearly two weeks. The conn
try is indeed very beautiful and inviting, but it is
perfectly new and uncultivated. W e have noue of
the conveniences of living, and have great trouble
S even iu getting the uecessaries of life. The civil
war of last year prevented the farmers from making
or saving any crops, and now almost everthiug we
1 <-at i- hauled from the Missouri river ; yet, not with
; «taud ng this, the people are coming here in great
I crowds. Most of them come, however, with a view
; to speculation. This brings a great deal ot mouey
I into the country, and the cousequence is that
1 is extremely high—quite as high as in
Calitonua upon the first discovery of gold. But
i these prices will not last. (Jos year of peaceful
industry will give plenty and prosperity to the
Territory. I hope to be able to maintain peace. The
prospect is quite good.”
nrxr, THE SpiKiTiiLisT,—Tbe New York
Evening F*»st learns that Mr. Hume, the celebrated
medium, “made a tortune in Pnom and ha* par
1 chased a valuable fain*. upon the North river for
some of his relatives. He will himself return in t’.©
! course of the month to Pane, where he ie to have an
office about the Emperor 1 * person. The Emperor
i «ud Empress are said to be made convert* to the
I new doctrine."
Correspondence of the Charleston Courier.
Eater from Havana.
Little did I think when I last wrote, tcat the truth
of my “warning would then be so soon realized. The
last steamer hal scarcely left our harbor betore it
was generally understood that the “Credit Mobi
lier had made a large first “call’ upon its subscri
bers, and that one of the recently established Hanks
had done like wise Such a pushing and stirring about
for money has rarely before been witnessed.
The shaies of the Havana Bank at ODce fell 5 per
c ut. and although there were not any failures en
duing upon these calls—yet the result goes far to
show, what would be the result, should the entire
amount subscribed to Joint Stock Companies be
suddenly required to be paid in.
Ihe house of Heilman Ac Co., of this city, an old,
well established firm, are understood to have pur
chased through their agents, at all the outports on
both the north and south sides of this Island, all the
Muscovado Sugar they could meet with, Daying
fourteen rials per arrobe therefor. So large a specu
lation has excited some surprise in mercantile cir
cles, the more especially as the senior partner of the
house has ever been a steady sober-going merchant.
I have, however, been told that at present he takes
but little active interest in the busine-a of his firm,
aud did he, no such “wild speculation," wouid have
been entered into. Certain is it that a large fortune
will either be lost or won by tnis speculation, and it
may be that jealousy prompted the forgoing obser
vations.
The widow of the deceased Martin Pedroso, with
the view of paying at once to her children, that
portion of their farther’s estate to which they would
become entitled at her decease, has recently sold
two fine Sugar plantations, each making about
6000 boxes of Sugar annually, and each having
about 500 slaves, to Messrs. Noriega Olmo 3»., for
the association called the “Fomento Cub&no,” for
two mil 1 ions of dollars. This lady has reserved to
herself an annual income of only about two hundred
thousand dollars.
The captains of American merchant vessels in
this harbor have a petition to the United States
Congress, praying for an alteration in the laws
relating to seamen, so as to enable the captains to,
upon proper cause being shown, discharge a seaman
without paying the thrfee months wages they are
now compelled to, and also to empower them to
inflict some more severe punishment than incarcera
tion upon searaeu committing crimes deserving it.
The captains have been induced to this course in
consequence of part of the crews of tiiree or four
vessels now here haying made desperate attempts
upon the lives of their captains and officers. Several
of t hese bad seamen will shortly be sent to the United
States for trial.
There is, also, I perceive by the papers, yet an
other Hank of Deposit aud Discount in the ccurse
of formation, the capital of which is to be $1,500,000
or $2,000,000. Who can tell how and where this
monomania is to end ? If an opinion may be form
ed by the experience of the past elsewhere, a gene
ral bankruptcy will ensue. I heard it stated but
yesterday that no less a sum thau fifty millions of
dollars had been subscribed recently to these Joint
brock Companies, many of the subscribers to which
could uot raise a hundred dollars to save their souls.
What then must be the result ? A false state of ex
travagance and luxury for a brief season, and ruin
and bankruptcy as the finale.
Let therefore the merchants in the United States
who trade with Cuba take care that the balances be
on the right side of their ledger or if they do not
and a panic should overspread this fair land, let
them uot say, “We were not informed of this.”
1 translate the following account of a railway
collision from the Diario dela Marina, of Ist inst.:
“Guiness, April 30,1857. —Juet as the passenger
train from Havana to Union was about to arrive,
at the same time as the freight train that was going
to llavaua, though it was on a different set of rails,
yet, at the pout where the two sets of rails united,
the freight train passed the switch ; but the passen
ger train being unable to do so also in time, the
third car of the passenger train came in collision
with the engine of the freight train, and though the
coupling that united the engine of the passenger
train with the cars was separated, that did not
prevent the breaking up ot the third and fourth
cars, and killing one passenger and wounding seve
ral others.”
Here follows the name of the party killed and of
two others severely injured, and the statement then
continues:
“T&e two engineers are in prison incomunicado.
This occurred within thirty yards of the Depot.
The Schrs. J. H. Record, A. Devereux and Brig
K. B. Lawton have been sold to the Spaniards to go
as is believed to the coast of Africa for slaves.—
The A. Devereux has opened her register (entered
outwards) for Monrovia. What is she going to do
there, induce some of the “civilized inhabitants” of
that country to come to Cuba to better their for
tunes ? I rather reckon those “children” know the
value of their present position too well to be in
duced to do so; but no it is all a sham. This schoon
er is more likely going to the Mozambique Chaunel,
than to Monrovia.
I heard it stated on the wharf a day or two since,
that the Government at Madrid had assented to the
proposed introduction of free laborers from the
Coast of Africa. If this be true, President Bu
chanan will surely feel bound to carry out the prin
ciples advocated in the Otitend Manifesto.
Iu my daily walks from and to my boarding
house 4.0 my place of business,! pass the United States
Consulate five or six times every day, and fre
quently look in when passing. Between the hours
of eight A. M., and six or seven in the evening, I
always find the Consulate open, aud the Vice Con
sul, who is also the Secretary to the Consulate,
and the Clerk, busily engaged writing. 11l fact,
from my constant visits to, and long acquaintance
with all the Consulates of this city, | feel warranted
in expressing my belief that there is more positive
work performed at the United States Consulate
here, than all the other Consulates put together in
this city. Under t the United States Consulate Act
low in force, a great variety of returns, containing
a vast deal of valuable statistical information are
required to be furnished periodically to the Depart
ment of State, which were never before deemed
requisite.
On the evening of the i2Btb ult., there were no
lees than upwards of a hundred American Vessels
in this harbor, all of which required more or less la
bor to be performed, which in the aggregate, to
gether with the returns above referred to, amounts
to a quantity so large as to be scarcely conceivable.
And yet under the new consular act, the amount of
recompense received by the consul, is much leas than
was paid that officer, uuder the old system of his re
ceiving the fees of the consulate, it having been
fixed at S6OOO per annum, out of which he has to
pay the Secretary of the consulate at least one third
that amount, and a clerk who cannot receive less
than from sixty to seven dollars per month, leaving
the United States Consul-General a sum barely
sufficient to support himself and wife, to say nothing
of properly supporting the dignity of his office. Un
der these circumstances, would it be any wonder
that the gentleman who now fills the office here, is
looked upon slightingly, by his contemporary con
suls, or would it excite any surprize were he to re
tire in disgust. “The laborer is worthy of his hire,”
and if the people of the United States desire to have
able, talented and conscientious, representatives in
foreign countries, they must be prepared to pay a sum
adequate to allow the representative to maintain the
dignity of his office upon a par with the representa
tives of other countries which assuredly is uot t he case
at present. Iu justice to Col. Blythe, United States
Consul at this city, as well as to myself, I feel bound
to add that he is not even aware of my writing the
foregoing observations.
A Credit Mobilier has been established in this
city, with a capital of $1*2,000,000. The following
named gentlemen were, on the 27th ult., elected
President and Directors of this Society. President
Don Salvador Sama, of the influential French
firm of Mangoada 6c Co., of this city. Directors—
Lennes, Toriees, Martinez, Cuesta, Campbell, Nen
inger, Noriega, Sama y Mota, Mitjans, Pla y Minje,
Fenan Ac Canilizar, all of them merchants of the
highest standing, and men, who from their business
habits, will be sure to see that everything is proper
ly conducted.
There was a concert at the Lyceum on the even
ing of the 27th ult. I was not present, but several
of my friends who were, speak in the highest terms
of the entertainment afforded, especially by the
performance on the tlute of a French gentleman nam
ed Constan.
Who is the man that raised the false report that
an attempt had been made to assassinate Mr. Wm.
Sidney Smith, the British Vice Consul at Trinidad,
in this island, and termed that gentleman the British
Consul at this city ? Mr. Smith's present is his first
Consular appointment. He was formerly Secretary
to the British Consulate at this city, where, having
served a senes of years, aud obtained a knowledge
of his consular dutie , he was advanced to his pres
ent appointment. It was during the period when
he was Secretary to the British Consulate here that
Mr. Smith behaved so nobly to the unfortunate,
misguided Crittenden and his fellow-soldiers, a
circumstance that does honor to Mr Smith as a
man and a Christian, aud which cannot be too fre
quently brought to the notice of the people of the
United States.
I was told, a day or two ago. by a gentleman re
cently from New Orleans, that the merchants of
that city had entered into a subscription to purchase
a magnificent sword, to be presented to the Cap
tain General of this Island, as a sort of token of their
approval of his conduct recently in the case of John
Oxuard.
Col. Blythe, the United States Consul General
here, is a man deserving such a testimonial, for his
active and energetic conduct, in the case of Oxnard,
is beyond all praise.
I hear that there has been one case of a mild type
of yellow fever in the hospital of St. Juan de Dios.
A gentle warning for all strangers here, to say
adieu, until next wiuter.
Latest Florida Indian News. —The Tampa
(Fla.) Peninsular of the ~d inst., contains the details
of the result of two scouting parties—from which it
had just heard—oue under Capt. Johnson, and the
other under Capt. Sparkman. The formtr killed
three ludians and captured five, and t' e latter cap
tured one squaw and her child. In speak'ng of the
result of Capt. Johnson s excursion, the Peninsular
calls it “the moat brilliant achievement of the cam
paign," and says "we expect more good things from
him soon, as, at last accounts, he was mgaged in
another scout.’’
The following appears in a letter dated the 3d
inst, at Jacksonville, Florida, and published in the
Savannah Republican :
"A voiuteer, late from the scene of the war with
the Seminole Indians, came passenger on the afore
said stage, from whom I learned the following facts,
viz : The Indians had raised white flags all over
tbeirterritory. The authorities bad despatched Col.
Loomis to the territory to make an examination and
see what they meant by this movement. lam also
advised that the Indiaus are supposed to be in a
starving coudition. The guns which have been ta
ken away from them in their late fights, are in a
worthless condition, stocked by themselves, with
the barrels tied into the stocks, the locks tied on to
the barrels, and the flint tied into the hammer . and
it is said that they will miss fire nine times out of
ten. The volunteers destroyed all their provisions,
corn. A c , the past summer, and they can get noth
ing to subsist on bnt what they kill with these po r
guns, which is but little. It is rumored that Gen.
Billy Bowlegs is dead—if so, the wars are over, and
the white loan can again lie down in the wilderness
and rest, without the fear of interruption from the
savage."
A Fast Boat. —A correspondent of the Evening
Post gives the following first intimation of a neu
plan to propel a boat with great rapidity. We should
like to see stick a vessel :
_ The first of Juiy, 1649,1 thought of a pian to propel
a boat with greatrapiditv, she being partly sustained
of Ijrge .ylinderior drum, wheels-air
e k* on outside of the run,
of this plan from 11 ,time "to time. inUU fewdavS
vs ffian aiding in this place bylte^erf
Nathan mentioned to me thekame itfca I
memoranda J ‘“’“EJt
we should obtain a patent
well as the boat are the sustaining power HU
opinion t. that, with wheels forty £ dfa m e «
she can be driven from New York to Albany “ one
hundred and eighty minutes. W hen the wheel hnlt
is in mouon she rises oa the surface of the vZ
caving keel enough to steer bv. With twelve a
it would require the boat to be about fiftv five nr
sixty feet in width, by three hundred in lemrhth
The size and number of the wheels would govern
the length and breadth of the wheel vessel Yon
may Ist the public know of this plan if you think
proper. Yours, very truly,
Wn. S. Mocnt.
Breadstcefs from Canada —From the open
ing ot navigation to May Ist, there were received at
Oswego from Canada, 26,6U> barrels of flour, 162 -
361 bu*hele of wheat, and 3,121,714 feet of lumber,
besides other articles.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MOANING, MAY *2O, 1857.
From the Montgomery Mail , 11 Ik instant.
The Crop**, Hail-Storm*, Freshet*. Etc.
Newly Discovered Damage to Cottoil— The
last few days of sunshine and spring weather had
begun to create general joy among the planters,
and a confidence that the chance for a cotton crop
this year was pretty good bat we learn from vari
ous reliable sources, in different regions, that the
favorable and warm weather has but served to de
velope the extent of the damage and disaster of the
long continued and unfavorable cold and wet weath
er of March and April. That weather, it now ap
pears. had injured the cotton seed and germ before
the plant came up. The plant looked well when it
first came up; but it is now rapidly and fearfully
dying out and leaving no sufficient stand. Upon
examination, we are informed that the tap root y
which is the only reliance for fruit bearing—is found
either to be diseased and black and decaying, or
else has unnaturally taken a surface or lateral course.
The consequence is, that the plant dies under a ge
nial sun—and many planters in this and the a»^j«lin
ing counties are ploughing up fields where there
was a beautiful stand a few days ago, and are re
planting either in corn or cotton.
There is no reasonable chance for a fair crop, this
year—especially in view of the late floods, ana enor
mous overflows. For instance, the Warrior river
has risen forty eight feet above low water mark,
and in all directions the floods and storms have done
serious damage to the prospects for a crop in the
flat and best cotton lands.
The folio wii g deplorable accounts came to us by
the mails this morning :
Astonishing Hail Storm. —On Thursday last a
hail storm occurred at Eaatport, on the Warrior riv
er in this State, which, it is believed, did much da
mage to the vegetation in that vicinity. The steam
boat R. L. Cobb was laying at the landing during
the storm, and those of her officers and passengers
who witnessed it can corroborate the following ac
count of it:
The weather during she early part of the day was
very pleasant. The sun shone brightly, aud the
sky was clear and serene. There was not sufficient
wind to cause a ripple on the surface of the river,
and everything around induced the observer to con
clude on the enjoyment of a warm summer’s day.
This pleasing aspect of weather continued until 10
o’clock, when rumbling thunder was heard in the
distant North, and immediately after ominous look
ing clouds appeared in the same direction. They
traveled rapidly up from the horizon, and in less
than thirty minutes shut out the warm fays of the
sun.
By 11 o'clock the atmosphere was completely
changed. Instead of warm, smiling summer—
keen, chilling March weather, accompanied by a
high and cola North wind was experienced. The
hail was preceded by large, solitary and significant
drops of rains, which at first could be counted as
they fell; but they soon increased in number till
they produced a copious and intemperate shower,
which lasted about ten minutes, and then termina
ted in one of the most astonishing hail storms that
was ever before seen by those who witnessed it. —
For 20 minutes, hailstones, measuring from one to
two and a half inches in diameter, fell thick and
fast. The scene was indeed sublime. The heavens
were full of descending anolites. The river was
lashed into fury—pu its surlace, spray and foam
was alone observable; while or either side limbs
and leaves were falling from the trees; the ground
was white and literally covered with enormous
sized hail stones, which were rebounding from the
earth and dancing about in wild confusion. After
the storm passsd over, the sun again burst forth in
all its glory ; but the warmth of its rays failed to
take the keen chill from the atmosphere during the
remainder of the day.— Mobile. Tribune, 9th inst.
The Hail Storm. —This community was visited,
on Wednesday, the 6th, with one of the most terri
ble and destructive hail stortns ever known. The
crops of corn aud cotton iu the immediate vicinity
are almost totally destroyed, and a number of plant
ers are this (Thursday) morning preparing to plough
up, with a view of planting over. The gardens are,
in many instances, entirely ruined—aud the trees
are, in a great measure, stripped of their f diage.—
Some of the hail stones picked up measured seven
inches in circumference, and weighed from four to
five ounces, and in their descent knocked off thou
sands of branches from the trees. We have not
been able to learn the entire extent of the damage,
but learn that the storm extended as far as Orrvule
—2O miles to the East—and to the neighborhood of
Dayton—l 2 miles to the West —and are satisfied
from what we have heard, that the damage is in
calculable. The hail was accompanied with a tre
meudouj fall of rain and considerable wind.—Cane
brake Herald.
Freshet —We understand that the Cahaba riv
er has overflowed its banks, destroying a large
quantity of the already planted crop. In fact, the
late heavy rains have done more damage, in the
washing away of fences and submerging the crops,
than lias been experienced in this section of the
State for many years past. In some localities on
the Cahaba river, the water rose and oovered the
growing crop some ten feet, while iu other places,
especially in the Cane brake, where ditching was
necessary, they have, on account of the heavy rains
been overflowed to an alarming extent. On Wash
ington creek, some ten miles southwest of Marion,
the levees thrown up to protect the planted fields
from inundation have given w*ay, and a large por
tion of the lands in cultivation have washed up to a
considerable extent, and great damage to the crop
of cotton has been the consequence. A planter who
resides in that locality informs us that in many
places in his plantation holes have been washed five
or six feet deep. In fact, the whole county has
been nearly washed away by the heavy rains.—
Marion Commonwealth.
Rise in the Warrior. —The rise in the Warrior at
this place from recent heavy rains is at this time
about forty-three feet—making the total rise, from
low water mark, about forty-eight feet portions
of the river plantations below are uuder water —
and the rise of a very few feet more will be quite
destructive to the cotton crop. At the time we
write, (6 o’clock Tuesday afternoon) it is still slow
ly rising.— Tuscaloosr Observer.
From the Kansas City Enterprise.
Latest from the Mountain!.
Tim Goodell, the celebrated mountaineer and
guide, arrived in this city on Monday last. He spent
me winter on Green river, west of the Rocky Moun
tains. The winter was one of the most severe ever
known. The Utah Indians on Bitter creek lost al
most their entire stock of horses. From Mr. Goodell
we learn the following particulars :
At the crossing of the North Platte he met an In
diau trader named Sauhders, who had just returned
from an expedition in search of a Crow village. His
party consisted at setting out of three white men
and four Crow Indians. Tkev were attacked on
Powder river by a party of thirty Blackfeet, who
killed one of the white men, named Scott, a Cana
dian trader, and 4 wo of the Crows. Saunders was
wounded in the shoulder.
About three days after the above occurrence, a
band of Snake Indians came across a party of Black
feet numbering twenty-eight warriors, near Fre
mont’s Peak, and, after a hard battle, killed twenty
seven, leaving but one to tell the story to his tribe.
This is the most successful battle ever fought in the
Mountains. The Snakes lost not a single brave. —
The wildest rejoicings were going on in the tribe—
feasting, dancing, and all descriptions of savage or
gies being carried on day and night. They were so
elated that they sent a portion of their scalps by a
French trader to the Sioux, having, as they said,
more than they wanted.
On his way in Mr. Goodell saw a few lodges of
Cheyennes. They told him that they had killed
more whites than the whites had killed of them, and
if the Government wanted to make peace they were
willing; but if more fight was wanted they were
ready. He also learned at Ash Hollow, through a
Cheyenne squaw, the wife of a white man called
Sail r Jack, that she had just returned from a visit
to the village—that the Cheyennes were mostly col
lected on the Republican Fork of the Kansas and
that they were expecting a visit from the United
States troops the coming summer. They did not
expect or intend to fight the troops a great deal, but
were going to put the women and children out of
the way, and then scatter in small bands from the
Platte to the Arkansas, and they say that they can.
in that way, “kill all they want, and get plenty of
white women for prisoners.” This is their exact lan
guage.
Goodell met Long Chin, the Sioux chief who
headed the murder ot the mail party two years ago,
and who was a prisoner for some time at Fort Leav
enworth, at the trading house of Major Drmps at
Ash Hollow, p.nd had a long talk. Long Chin told
him that the Cheyennes had seut word to the Sioux
that if they would meet them at the Forks of the
Platte and take their old men, women,and children
to the lodges of the Sioux, North of the Platte, they
would give them sixty or seventy horses and mules,
and then the young men of the Sioux were to join
them in their excursions against the emigrant trains
on the plains.
But Long Chiu said he had been down among the
whites on their big boats, and seen so many men,
that he knew it was no use to fight, and that the
Sioux,would have nothing to do with the matter.
Goodell says that although Long Chin is the great
est rascal in the Sioux nation, yet he thinks he is
honest in what he told him.
He learned at Fort Laramie that the Indians had
through some traders obtained large quantities of
ammunition, in exchange for horses, and that they
boast of being fully supplied for a long fight.
The Cheyennes say that Miss Wilson, who was
taken prieoner at the time Babbitt was murdered,
has since died.
From all the evidences we have learned there will
be serious troubles on theplains the present summer.
This is the decided opinion of Mr. Goodell, who is
one of the oldest, most experienced, and cool-headed
mountaineers we have among us. He is a man ot
great intelligence, perfectly reliable, and has had
an acquaintance of seventeen years with the
mountains and the Indian tribes who inhabit that
region.
Rescue or a Passenger Ship and Five Hun
dred Persons. —We learn from a Plymouth paper
that the Tagus, one of the Peninsular and Oriental
steamers. Capt ChristiaH, came into this harbor
(Plymouth) yesterday, just before noon, bringing in
tow the ship Martin Luther, of Liverpool,fCapt. Gor
don, a total wreck, having on board 498 emigrants,
bound to Quebec. It happened that at 11$ A. M.,
on the previous day, Christian observed a vessel
dis-masted and distressed, a little on the port bow.
He started for her, and found she was a total wreck.
She had a signal of distress dying, “Can you assist a
vessel in distress ?” Then she hoisted another:
“Passengers on board/' The Captain of the Tagus
immediately lowered the life boat, and after much
difficulty and danger succeeded in getting her tow
ropes on board. This proceeding took two hours
and a half, the sea rolling heavily all the time, so
that the Martin Luther could not be boarded. It
appeared that the Martin Luther left Liverpool on
Saturday, and was caught in a tremendous gale on
Monday, at 3 o’clock in the morning. She was
picked up about 18 miles from Ushant. and bad she
not been rescued at that time, she would most pro
bably have soon gone to pieces, and no one would
have been left to tell the melancholy story. Lieut
Cartwright, R. X., of this town, was in charge of
the admiralty mails, and he was one of the volun
teers to the boat. There was the greatest difficulty
and danger in getting the tow line on board the ship.
By a letter from one of the passengers we learn
that the ship sailed from Liverpool on Thipsday
(9tb). On Easter Sunday she encountered this gale
in the Bay of Biscay, probably 100 miles to the west
of Ushant, she became a total wreck at 3 A. M., on
Monday, having nothing left but the stump of the
tcreinast. on which, however, they contrived to
heist the signal. On Tuesday the Tagus providen
tially fell in with .her, as above narrated ; and on
Wednesday noon she brought her into Plymouth
From nothing being said on the subject, we are in
hopes no lives were lost. All her boats must have
been carried away or destroyed, thus leaving them
without the slightest chance of escape. Five hours
more would have drifted the ship and her unfortu
nate passengers upon the rocks of Ushant, so Justly
dreaded by mariners, even in the most moderate
weather. We are without further particulars, ex
cept as to the almost total loss and destruction of
everything belonging to the unfortunate passen
gers
Raffling for a Baby I—The1 —The Dubuque Express
relates that a woman recently came to the Minnesota
House in Dunleitb, with a young child, apd after
stopping a day or two. suddenly left, minus the
baby, and did not return. The landlord happened
over to Dubuque, and mentioning the circumstances
to a couple of friends, married but childless, one of
them proposed to adopt the little one as his own.
The other immediately made the same proposition,
when a dispute arose as to which of the would-be
“parients” should have the infantile waif. Finally
an appeal was made to the dice box. Quite a
number of people gathered around the table,
interested spectators of the singular contest, and
the winner, named Kesler, was greeted with a
shout of applause. The child is a pretty little girt
three weeks old, and its new-found parents are
brimming over with happiness.
A singular Cose—A Trial for Murder.
The escape last week of Edward H. Ruloff from
the jail of Tompkins county, New York, where he
was confined for the murder of his wife and child
has been mentioned. The case is a singular one,
and remarkable for the mystery which surrounds
it:
Ruloff appeared in Tompkins county in May 1842.
He was then engaged on the canal. He spent nart
of the summer there, and the next winter taught
school in the town oi Dryden in that county. Miss
Harriet Schutt of s hat town, ayoung lady 20 years
of age, was one of his pupils. The following summer
he studied medicine. In December, 1843, he mar
ried this young woman. Aftei his marriage in the
winter of 1844, he went to Ithaca and served as a
clerk for a few months, living with his wife at a
boarding house. His wife soon returned to her fath
er’s. !n the fall of 1844 he again taught school
and alg>ut that time commenced keeping house
with his wife in the town of Lansing in Tompkins
county.
Within a month or two after his marriage he
seems to have become very jealous of Lis wite, ac
cusing her, without any cause, so far as appears, of
improper initmacy whith a Dr. Bull, and becoming
so much excited on one or two occasions as to
exercise violence upon her. He continued to live
in Lansing with his wife (having a daughter born
early in April) until the 24th day of June, 1845
His wife and child have never been seen or heard of
since the evening of that day.
During the next forenoon *he went to his nearest
neighbor, on the opposite side of the highway, and
procured a horse and w agon for the purpose, as he
alleged, of conveying a chest to Mottville, some 8
or lu miles distant, w'hich he stated an uncle of his
had left at his house the evening before, to make
room sos his (Ruloff s) wife to ride*with his uncle to
a Mr Snyder’s, some 3 miles off, whtre he said she
had gone. Hi j neighbor helped him load the chest
into the wagon. It was heavy. The theory ot
the prosecution against Ruloffis that he had mur
dered his wite ana child duriug the previous night,
and that he carried off their bodies in this etiest, aud
made way with them, while ne was gone, by sink
ing in the lake near by, or in some other manner.—
He returned with the horse and w about noon
the next day, bringing back the chest, which the
witness, who saw him take it from the wagon,
then light. He left Lansing the same
afternoon, and in the house, when afterwards
searched, were found more or less of the clothing
of his wife, apparently just as she dropped it upon
the floor from her person in undressing. On the
evening of the 25tfi of June, he hired a horse and
lumber wagon at Itchica, which he returned at 3
o’clock the next morning. On the morning of the
26th, under the assumed name of John Doe, he took
passage in the stage for Geneva.
Iu some five or six weeks he returned among his
acquaintances in Tompkins county. By this time
his wife’s friends had become anxious about her ab
sence. He gave contradictory accounts of the mat
ter ; told one ehe had been up between the lakes
visiting, another that she was in Pennsylvania, and
others that she was at Madison, Ohio. Being press
ed in the faatter he*wrote a letter to her directed to
the latter place, which he showed, requesting her to
write to her lriends, and another which he baddi
reeled to a Mr. De Puy, requesting him to send a
letter to his wife. But duriug the evening he eluded
observation and suddenly left. His wife s brother
pursued him, and overtook him at Rochester, when
Ruloff proposed to go with him to Madison, Ohio,
and see his wife, but when they got to Buffalo aud
had purchased tickets for the steamboat, he escaped
from his companion. The latter went on to Madison
but could hear nothing of his sister. He then hasten
ed to Cleveland, suspecting that Ruloff would go
West by the next boat, and there found and arrest
ed him, and took him back to Tompkins county.
The case was tried in Tioga county at a Circuit
Court held by J ustice Mason in October last, and
vas one of absorbing interest, as well from its ex
traordinary character, as the distinguished counsel
engaged in it. The prosecution was conducted by
J. A. Williams, District Attorney of Tompkins, and
lion. Darnel 8. Dickinson, and the defence by
Broadman and Finch, attorneys for the prisoner,
and by Hon. J. A. Spencer, (now deceased,) his
counsel.
A few facts, in addition to those detailed, were
elicited. It was shown that in August, 1845, he ap
plied to a man at Chicago to borrow money on a
pledge of his chest, obtained $25 or S3O. He repre
sented that his wile aud child had recently died
South of Chicago on the Illinois river. He aid not
redeem the chest, and a part of the contents were
identified as the clothing of his wife and child.
A very important legal question arose on this
trial, upon winch the case is now pending before
the General Term of the Supreme Court. It was
whether there could be a conviction for murder in
a case where there had been no discovery of the
body of the person alleged to have been murdered,
or where there was not direct, and positive, but only
circumstantial proof of the death. After an elaborate
cl.a ge of Judge Mason the jury convicted the pris
oner of mu* der. Sentence was suspended, to give
him time to argue the let al question arising upon
the Judge’s charge, before the Supreme Court at
General Term. It is stated that Ituloff, during the
whole trail, preserved his self-possession to a remark
able degree and his equanimity was not at all dis
turbed by the rendition of the verdict guilty.
Hcandnl about the Queen of .Spain.
The Times’ Madrid correspondent writes :
Madrid is once more loud with Palace scandals.
The dissentions Detween the Queen and her hus
band, lately much talked of, are now as notori
ous as they are known to be violent. The King’s
pecuniary requisition and her Majesty's interesting
situation are the causes assigned. Both Queen Isa
bella aud her august consort are lavish in their ex
penditure, all hough in different ways. The extra
vagance of the former arises in great measure of
her characteristics, and from her ignorance of the
value of money. In this latter, respect she is won
derful unsophisticated.
When Senor de Loa Heros assumed the Gover
norship of the palace, he found she was in the habit
of receiving lier money in bank-notes, bundles of
which she would give away almost on the first peti
tion, apparently quite unaware of the large sums
she was thus squandering and without, in the least
considering whether the notes were of 500 reals or
of 5,000. Senor Heros introduced the practioe of
giving her money in specie, and then she would give
a handful of dollars where she had formerly given a
handful of notes, seemingly unconscious that she was
not doing quite as handsome a thing
The King’s prodigality is of another kind; he
makes little show, and it is not very apparent, al
though pretty well known, where his money goes to.
His last demand is said to have been for the pur
pose of establishing at Aranjuez a convent of nuns,
where his favorite, the notorious Sor. Patrocinio,
might fiud an asylum at a more convenient dis
tance from the capital than her present abode. The
money was refusea, and the consequence was a scene
of, it is said, the most violent description. For some
days neither of their Majesties appeared in publio,
and, although it has for some time been the custom
for them to go abroad together—as a sort of outward
and visible sign of a harmony that never really exis
ted—this usage has been interrupted, and the King
has for the last two or three days been driving alone
in an open carriage.
As regards the other ground of quarrel, its details
would be out of place anywhere but in a very croni
qup. scandaleuse, and I must abstain from touching
upon it. Doubtless there is considerable exaggera
tion, and even fabrication, in many of the numerous
stories now in everybody’s mouth, but that sue h
tales told of a Queen and consort should obtain cur
rency at all, and should not meet with cries of
“shame” and instant suppression, is an overwhelm
ing proof of the terrible contempt into which, in
Spain, has fallen these personages who m all old
monarchical lands are looked up to with reverence
and spoken of only with respect.
Shocking and Fatal Accidknt on thb Grand
Trunk Railroad.— A little past four o’clock, on
Thursday afternoon, a sad accident occurred be
tween Oshawa and Bowmanville, which has result
ed in the death of the engine driver and fireman of
the freight train, aud complete demolition of tne en
gine and tender. This sad affair took its origin
from the faulty construction of the road at the point
where the accident took place, and from the neglect
of the proper supervision of the work on the break
ing up ot the frost, by the responsible inspecting en
gineer of the line. . . ,
The facts are as follows The afternoon freight
train having several emigrant cars attached, were,
on Thursday, going at their usual speed, under the
guidance of one of the most steady engme-dnvers
in the company's employ. On leaving the last sta
tion at which he had stopped, and coming upon that
portion of the road between Oshawa and Bowman
ville which bad never been ballasted, nor the cul
verts to carrv off the water properly constructed,
he slackened his pace, and, upon seemg the rail, as
he thought, displaced slightly, he reversed the en
gine ; but its being an interior machine, it could not
be made to answer the check, and the tender came
upon the point of the projecting rail, and was liter
ally driven through the engine, smashing both to
atoms, and strewing the ground for several hundred
yard* round with its fragments; the baggage and
freight cars were also smashed, and their various
contents strewed about the ground for nearly a
quarter of a mile. The eneineer was thrown on the
roadside dreadfully wounded, and was removed as
speedily as possible to the nearest house, where he
lived in the most excruciating agony, until Saturday
afternoon, when he expired. The fireman, who
was also fatally wounded, and so scalded by the
hot steam that the flesh came off from the bones
when touched, survived until Saturday morning, in
a state of torture too horrible to describe, when he
expired.
The emigrants consisted of people of a'l nations,
proceeding from Boston and Portland to W isconsin
and Ohio. They all escaped; but it was a pitiable
sight to see these poor people in a foreign land,
without their language being understood by those
about them, ranging along the track, through the
soaking rain, and gathering the damaged portions
of their furniture and effects into heaps, with the
women and children soaked to the BkiD, keeping
watch over the damaged but still p-ecious portions
of the furniture that was to afford them some por
tion of comfort in their new homes.
The train was again stopped on Saturday night,
by the firing of one of the imperfect engines, which
actually melted the brass work and bearings, and
the train kept for three hours and a half, until a
new engine was sent for. — Toronto Colonist of
Hoy S
. Agricultural College. —The State ofMichi
gan has established a College of Agriculture, on a
farm of seven hundred fertile acres, near the city of
Lansing, where the State capitol is located. Joseph
R. Williams, late editor of the Toledo Blade, is Pre
sident. It has an endowment of $56,000, the pro
ceeds of the Salt Spring lands originally given to
Michigan Territory by the federal government. The
legislature has appropriated $20,0u0 per annum for
two years to the support of the college. There are
already accommodations for eighty students. Xo
charge is now made for tuition, but each student is
required to work three hours per day, for which he
is paid.
Consolation for Poor Girls. —Brigham Young
the great Mormon, has no fancy for marrying rich
wives. He says : “Some want to marry a woman
because she has got property; some want a rich
wife but I never saw the day when I would not
rather have a poor woman. I never saw the day
that I wanted to be hen-pecked to death, as I should
have been, if I married a rich wife. I asked one of
my family, when in conversation upon this very
point, what did you bring when you came to me ?
T brought a shirt, and a dress, and a pair of slip
pers. and a sun bonnet,’ and she is as nigh a prize
as I ever got in my life, and a great deal higher
than many would have been with cart loads of sflver
and gold. ’
Loss of the Bark Restless, of Xew-London.
Messrs. Williams Haven, of New London, some
time since received rumors of the loss ot their bark,
but, unwiliiDg to credit the intelligence, paid but
little attention to the matter. Information of a
positive character has now reached them, which
leaves no doubt that the vessel is lost, and that all
on board have perished. Captain Jeffrey, of the
bark Pearl, of Xew London, writes that he was in
a heaVy gale of wind, off Tristan de Acunha, and
after the gale abated he saw a roundhouse floating,
painted white, which resembled that belonging to
the bark Restless, Captain Morgan
Low Price of Ships.— The Xew York Shipping
List, in remarking up on the depression in the price
of ships, observes that vessels of largesize are near
ly unsaleable, it being almost impossible to employ
them at a profit, even at the reduced prices at
which, it is understood, they can be bought, and as
evidence of the present depression in their value,
we notice a sale by auction at Baltimore, last week,
of ship Avondale, ouilt at Baltimore, of white oak!
and coppered, three years old, 727 tons, at $23,0001
one-fifth cash, and four.fifths 4, 6,9, and 12 months.
[Botton Courier,
[ From the Journal of Commerce.]
Commerce of New York.
We have been delayed a few days in the compil
ation of our regular monthly tables of the Com
merce of this port, by the enormous amount of
goods entered for warehousing, everything not
wanted for immediate consumption having been en
tered in bond, to await the reduction ot duties to
‘ake effect on the Ist of July. The foreign imports
for April have been larger than expected ; the total
is $1,160,483 in excess of the very large total for the
corresponding month of last year. $12,110,853 in
excess of the total for April, 1855 (a gaiu of over
100 per cent.,) and $4,633,430 in exc ss of April. 1854.
We annex a comparison of the several items in
each of the last three years:
Foreign Imports at New York in April.
1855. 1b56. 1857.
Ent for Corn $6,343,51*2 $14,530,636 $11,155,530
Ent. for Ws’ng 14*22.006 3.181,496 8,168,142
Free Goods . 1 *266 098 *2,259,533 955.428
Specie 74.949 95,168 939,2 L 8
Total ent at port.... $9,107,465 $20,057,815 $21.218 318
Wd’n. frv.ni Whs’e 1,814,318 1,467 576 2,287,312
It will be seen that the withdrawals from ware
house for consumption, are also larger than usual;
the very large entries iu bond, having left the mar
ket bare of some goods which were afterwards
needed for immediate consumption. The total fo
reign imports at New York since January Ist, are
$14,956,906 larger than for the corresponding four
months of last yqgir, and $42,577,215 larger than for
ihe same period of 1855, as will be seen from the
annexed comparison:
Foreign Imports at New York for the four months from
January 1 it.
1855 1856. 1857.
F.nt’d for cons’m $29 794 726 55,390,193 57.314,960
Ent’d for Warehs ng.. .8,799,687 8,515 666 19,066 239
Free Goods 5,417,671 7,690,157 6,592,560
Specie 315,747 333,124 3.911,278
Total ent at port... $44,307 831 71.92 9140 86 885 046
Wd’n from Whs’e 9,153,616 7,712,647 10,101 989
We have also compiled a comparative table show
iug the total imports for the teu months of the fiscal
year, end*ng April 30th. It will be seen that the
aggregate for the current year has already reached
the enormous sum of $192,139,786, being $30,297,-
837 greater than for the corresponding ten months
of the preceding year, and $61,273,858 greater than
tor the ten months ending April 30tb,1855. If the re
maining two months of the fiscal year should bo no
larger than for the same period of last year, the total
for the twelve months will still be by far the largest
ever recorded here in a single year.
Foreign Imports at Noe York for ten months ending April
30 th.
1855. 1856. 1857.
Six months $86,558,097 $8\912,809 $ 105 234 740
January 12,945,827 15,578 004 19,006,732
February 12 081,482 16,036,283 25,524.492
ar ch 10,173,057 20,256,958 21,135,504
-April 9.107.465 20,057,835 21,218,318
Tot’l for 10 m 08.5130 865 928 $161,841,949 $192 139,786
We have shown in the statement for the month,
that the imports entered for warehousing have been
enormous ; of course, there will be much interest to
know the precise dutiable value of all the goods
now held here in bond, and this, by a careful analy
sis of all the accounts, we are enabled to give :
The total value in bond, April Ist, was $15,6*2 626
Eat. w arehouse from foreign ports in April.. 9,168. 42
Received in bond from doinest.c ports 80,439
$23,861,207
Withdrawn for consumption here. .$2,287.3*5
Ree.hipped to foreign port 3 601 866
Transported to other domestic ports 306 533—3,195,814
Leaves stock in warehouse, May Ist, 1857.. .820,665 493
do do do 1856.. 9.886,013
Increase $10,778,880
There are still two months before the new tariff
goes into operation, and at the above rate, the ex
cess of stocks iu b nd, awaiting the redaction of du
ties, will amouut to nearly or quite twenty million
dollars, upon which the duties under the new sys
tem, wiil be about four million dollars.
The exports from New York to Foreign ports for
the month of April, (exclusive of specie) are $172,
419 in excea < ot the corresponding total of last year,
aud $959,425 in excess of the total for the same pe
riod of 1855.
Exports from New York to Foreign Ports during the
Month of April.
1855 1856. 1857.
Domestic produce 84,3 9,944 $5,229,436 $5,162,160
Foreign Mdze. (tree) 10 ,002 68,263 195,642
Do. do. (dutiable)... 62.684 202,027 314,343
Specie 3,313.447 2,217,035 3,354,805
Total exports $8,026, lt>7 $7,716,761 $9,026,950
Do. cxclusiveof specie.. 4,712,720 5,490,726 5,672,145
The exports for four months, since January Ist,
are larger in specie, and also a little larger ri pro
duce and merchandize than for the same time last
year, aud are four millions larger than for the same
period of 1855.
Exports from New York to Foreign Pons for Four
Months from January Ist.
1875. 1856. 1857.
Domestic Produce $17,308,828 23 940,234 23,009,685
Foreign mdze. (free) 2,311,621 353.685 1,006 598
Do. do. (dutiable)..!,B94 814 1 026,490 1,494 7.9
Specie 7,692,250 6,110 608 8,669,442
Total exports $29,407,513 31,431,017 34,180,434
Do. exclusive specie 21,515,263 25,320,409 25 510 992
The exports for the ten months of the fiscal year
are about one hundred millions, of which thirty
millions a'e specie, and the remainder produ'e and
merchandize. The following is a brief comparison
of the shipments of produce, to which we tiave ad
ded at the foot the stiipments of specie :
Exports , Exclusive of Specie , from New York to
Foreign Ports for nine months } ending April 30
1855. 1856. 1857.
Six months .$29,892,747 $39,915,729 $43,596 501
January 5,895,517 5,511,230 4,884,170
February 4,565,091 5,606,209 5,938 780
March 6,341,935 8,703,244 9.015,891
April 4,712,720 5,499,726 5,672,145
** r °lo monthif 86 } $31,408,010 $65,236,138 $69,107,493
Exports of specie.. $28,475,7*9 $ 16,661.553 $30,8 9,848
T °JO months'* } $80,284,799 $81,897,691 $99,727,441
At this rate the exports for the fiscal year will be
larger than for any similar period in our history.
The receipts for cash duties, of course, show a
very considerable decline, owing to the large
amount of goods warehoused upon which the rev
enue has not yet been collected. The following is
a comparative summary:
Cash Duties Received at tiie Port of New York.
1855. 1856. 1857.
Six months end.
Jan. 1....518.358,927.32 $20,087,362 28 $22,978,124.43
January 2,560,038 32 3,683 654 85 4,537.378.43
February.... 2,66 « 164.94 3,576,919 14 5,117,*49 85
March 2,363,084 95 4.382,107 47 3.752 184 98
April 1,994,710 10 3,913,885 39 3,301,607.05
T’llo mos. .$27,941,925.63 $35,643,929.13 $39,686,544.74
The receipts after July Ist will probably be larger
for a few weeks than ever before known, as the
goods in bond will be largely drawn upon for con
sumption.
A Mutual Despondency.— I The London Times,
in along discussion upon the Dred Scott case, and
taking for granted all the pictures drawn here by
our Abolition Press of the poverty of slaveholding
Virginia, &.C., which Eli Thayer, of Mass., is to re
generate, says:
“The British people have had to confess to much
despondency lately on the subject of slavery in the
New World.”
The American people are equally despondent as
to the Old World. It is now ‘250 yearß since John
Smith settled in Jamestown, Virginia, and 337 years
since our Puritan Fathers landed on Plymouth
Rock :—but in all that period of time, how little of
emancipation from the slavery of Church or State,
our British Fathers have had. Cromwell, it is true,
instilled a sort of Republicanism during that loDg
period of time, but it perished under Richard bis
son, and then returned Charles the 2d, which his
Church and State, and hereditary aristocracy, with
all the other hereditary slaver * of Great Britain.
An hereditary monarchy exists in England yet
We have shown such an institution not to be neces
sary by our two centuries ot experience, and de
nounced it to be nonsense ever since 1776!
An hereditary House of Lords exists in England
yet, to make laws for the State Two branches of
the government are hereditary, and only one popu
lar. In over two centuries we have shown what
nonsense this is!
A bench of Bishops sits in the House of Lords, to
represent the connection of the Church with the
State. We have shown, by our free toleration of
all th • forms of religion, what nonsense this Church
and State is !
The principal of equality and fair representation,
we have been carrying out over 200 years—but the
British House of Commons is deprived of this piin
cipal as yet!
In the abundance of bread and meat in this coun
try, for the bond as well as for the free, how well we
contrast with the social slavery and depraved con
dition of the laboring classes of hngland !
In the contrast of the Island of Jamaica (negro
nominally free,) and Louisanan (negro slave) wnat
a difference there is again in all the elements that
create a people, or make a State, or that supply
bread, meat, lodging, clothes, or other necessaries
or comforts of life.
Wh never Great Britain, in anyway, does not
follow our example—or departs in experiment from
that example—we of the United States have great
reason to 1 despond”—for we love and respect our
ancestral land—-and wish it to share with us the
blessings of a rationally organized political society.
That society of hers is, now, not organized ration
ally at home, or in her colonies, where she experi
ments, as in Jamaica, with the negro, or tyranizes,
as in the East, over the Asiatic and the Coolie.
That the “despondency” of the British people
over our condition in the United States, does not
reach much beyond the Times office, is pretty well
demonstrated by the increasing and again enormous
emigration we are having—and, if the British la
borers in mass ** uld but raise money enough to
pay passengers over (large supplies of which they
have even now from our servant girls) it is not cer
tain that Ireland and Scotland, rnd masses of Eng
land would not almost depopulate their own native
land, to come over and “despond with us here.”—
Sew York Express
Sad Death or Willard, the Artist.— Henry
Willard, the well known portrait painter of Tremont
row, in this city, came to bis death, in Malden, at
the junction of the Medford Branch of the Boston
and Maine Railroad, at about eight o’clock last
evening, under the following distressing circum
stances : Mr. Willard, who for thirty years was a
resident of this city, about six months since removed
to New York, lie had been here for a few days
on a visit, and yesterday afternoon started for Med
ford to return with his sister, who was on a visit to
the house of Doctor Jenks. They intended to take
the seven P. M., train, which however, was omit
ted on Wednesday. Mr. Willard then decided to
walk to the city, leaving his sister to return to the
home of her hosts. As Mr. Willard started, with
one or two others, his sister cautioned him to be
careful. He had about reached the Medford switch,
when a train was seen coming from the city. To
avoid this train, they stepped upon the other track,
not observing th»-t the inwara express train from
Portland was also approaching. This last train struck
Mr. Willard, mangung his skull in a honible manner,
and breaking nearly everr bone ini 'a body. Os
course he died instantaneously.— Boston Journal.
The Married Coachman —John Dean, who
recently kn ked up a great hubbub by marrying
Miss Boker is rusticating in the pleasant little
village of Franklinville, a few miles east of River
head. X. Y. He is boarding in the family of Mr.
John X. Saver, and is being tutored and polished by
the Rev. Mr. Reed, a Congregational clergyman,
preparatory to his debut among the fashionables in
Fifth Avenue, Xew York city.
An American Killed on Foreign Soil. —Some
sixty shipmasters, of vesee’s lying at Cardenas,
have addressed a letter to Gen. Cass, complaining
that the authorities there have taken no steps to
punish the murdorersof Capt. C. G. Pendleton, of
the bark Gen. Jones, why, in company with two
other masters, in getting into his boat to proceed on
board, was attacked by a gang of ruffians, dying of
his wounds three days after. They sav that it is a
well known fact that the men implicated, have been
about town until the captain’s death, and that as
the case now stands, no redress can be obtained
from the Spanish authorities.
A Legacy to a State —ln the Maas. House of
Rep.. Fnday, a communication was leceived from
the Treasurer, announcing Jos Hurd, late of Mai
den, had left a legacy of SSOOO to the State, to en
courage the manufacture of sugar, but the heirs in
tend to contest the will. The subject was referred
to a committee.
William Wilson, Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of Illinois for 30 years, died at his residence in
White oounty, on the 29th of April,
Later from Texn*.
The steamer Galveston has arrived at New Or
leans, with late Texas news. The Picayune makes
up the following summary of news :
The Galveston News, 7th ins*., has intelligence
from various parts of the interior, of recent and
abundant rains, not only favorable to navigation on
the rivers, but to the growing crops. A gentleman
direct from Austin, where, as also throughout the
upper country, they have had fine rains, says that
the prospects are now really encouraging, though a
week or two ago the people were reported to be on
the point of starvation, without any prospect of
making crops this year. Corn of the third planting
is now up, with a good stand, and growing finely.—
There are equally favorable accounts from the up
per valley of the Trinity, which river is rapidly ris
ing, and will soon be navigable.
Busiuess is very active at Galveston, and the
wharves present a lively appearance. There were
three steam hip arrivals from New Orleans the 7th
inst., and one from Powderhorn. A large number
of steamboats and sailing vessels are also daily ar
riving and departing, all with heavy freights. The
News complains of the diversion of trade Irons that
port to New Orleans direct since the opening of
the route by Berwick’s Bav.
The work on the Harrisburg road is progressing
rapidly. About fifteen miles of grating betweeu
Richmond and Bernard has been done in sixty days
—unparalleled speed.
The mail reported lost between Goliad and Vic
toria has been found near the latter place, where it
had been dropped by the drunken driver.
Major Chapman, long quartermaster at Corpus
Christi, has been ordered to California.
The Palestine Advocate learns that teu inches of
snow fell at Rarrant, Hopkins county, on the 11th
■ of April !
The Houston Telegraph says that there will be
a great scarcity of fruit in that vicinity this season.
Nearly all the peaches and plums have fallen off, and
those left upon the trees are poor.
A large arove of cattle, 780 or 800 head, passed
through Belton a few days since on their way to
California.
The plantations on the Brazos, below Waco, w r ere
visited on the 28th ult.. by a terrific hailstorm which
did great damage to the cotton. The hailstones were
as large as hens’ eggs.
Wall, the murderer, sufferedthe extreme sentence
of the law at Liberty, on the Ist inst. Two hundred
persons witnessed the dreadful scene, during which
the utmost decorum was observed.
The Brownsville Flag says everything is quiet on
the Rio Grande ; business is active, aud a general
good feeling exists betweon the people on both
sides of the river.
Sunflowers a Preventive of Ague. —Lieut.
Maury, in an article communicated to the Rural
New Yorker, maintains that the growing of sun
dowers around a dwelling located near a fever aud
ague region neutralizes the misasma iu which that
disease originates, and seems to support the theory
by successful experiment. He was led to make the
experiment by the following circumstances : The
dwelling of the superintendent of the observatory
at, Washington is situated on a hill on the left bank
of the Potomac, in lat. 38 J S9 7 53". It is 94 feet
above low-water mark, and about 460 yards from
the r ver. The grounds pertaining to it, about 17
acres, are enclosed by a wall on the east, south and
west, aud with a picket fence on the north. The
south aud west walls run parallel with the river, the
Chesapeake aud Ohio canal and a row of sycamores,
of some twenty years growth, separating the wall
from the river. In fact, the river, with its marshes,
encircles about half of the grounds. The house is,
therefore, in the bend of the river, and the place i«
so unhealthy that the family of the superintendent
are compelled to vacate it five months out of the
twelve, the marshes being covered with a rank
growth of grass and weeds which begin to decay
early in August. A knowledge of these facts leu
Lieutenant Maury’s mind to the following processor
reasoning:
If it be the decay of the vegetable matter on the
marshes that produces the sickness on the hill, then
the sickness must be owing to the deleterious ef
fects of some gas, miasma or effluvium, that is set
free during the decomposition, and if so, the poison
ous matter, or the basis of it, whatever it be, must
have been elaborated during the growth of the
weeds, aud set free it their decay. Now, is this
reasoning being good, why might we not, by plant
ing other vegetable matter between us and the
marshes, and by bringing it into vigorous growth
just about the time that that of the marshes begin
to decay, bring fresh forces of the vegetable king
dom again to play upon this poisonous matter, and
elaborate it again into vegetable tissue, and puri
rify the air?
This reasoning appeared plausible enough to jus
tify the trouble and expeuse of experiment, and J
was encouraged to expect more or less success from
it, in the circumstance that everybody said, “plant
trees between you aud the marshes—they will keep
off the chills.” But as to the trees, it so happens
that at the very time when the decomposition on
the marshes is going on most -rapidly, the trees, for
the most part, have stopped their growth to prepare
for the winter; and though trees might do some
good, yet a rank growth of something up for the
occasion might do more. Hops climb high, they
are good absorbents, and of a rank growth, but
there were objections to hops on account of stakes,
poles, &.c. 1 recollected that I had often seen sun
flowers growing about the cabins in the West, and
had heard, in explanation, aud it was “healthy” to
have them. This was so much more in favor of
making the experiment with sun flowers.
Lieut. Maury says that an acre of sunflowers will
absorb during their growth many thousand gallons
of water more thau are supplied by the rains. They
are of easy cultivation, and the seeds, which are
very valuable, find a ready market at the drug
stores The theorv or science of the experiment is
this—the ague and fever poison is set free during
the process of vegetable decay, which poison is ab
sorbed by the rank grow ing sunflower, again, elab
orated into vegetable matter, and so retained until
cold weather sets in. The result of the experiment
is thus narrated :
Finally, I resolved to make the experiment at the
risk of spoiling the looks of a beautiful lawn. Ac
cordingly, iu the fall of 1855, the gardener trenched
up to the depth of 2£ feet a belt about 45 feet broad
around the Observatory on the marshy side, and
from 150 to 200 yards from the buildings. The con
ditions of the theory I was about to try required
rich ground, tall sunflowers and a rank growth. Ac
cordingly, after being well manured from the stable
yard, the ground was properly prepared and planted
in sunflowers last spring. They grew finely; the
sickly season was expected with more than usual
anxiety. Finally it set in, and there was shaking
at the President’s House and other places as usual;
but for the first time since the Observatory was
built the watchmen about it weathered the summer
clear of chills and fevers. These men, being most
exposed to the night air, suffer most, and therefore
two or three relays of them would be attacked du
ring the season—for as one falls sick another is em
ployed in his place, who, in turn, being attacked,
would in like manner give way to a freah hand.—
And last year attacks of ague and fever were more
than usually prevalent in the neighboring parts of
the city.
During the present year Lieutenant Maury intends
to repeat the experiment, with variation iu two
respects. First, the seeds are to be planted later ;
ana second, there are to be two plantings, so that
the last crop may be caught by the frost while get
in flower. If on a second trial the result proves
equally favorable, the practical benefit of the dis
covery will be great inaeecl, and Lieutenant Maury
w'ill have added another to the evidences he has
given that true science is the handmaid of practical
utility.— Balt. Amer.
Attempted Infanticide— Restoration of the
Child to its Mother. —The particulars of a deliberate
attempt to destroy an infant, which took place in
this county in the direction indicated by the No
lensville turnpike, have been related to us. It ap
pears that the erring mother, though anxious to hiae
the disgrace which her first false step had brought
upon her, was yet too humaue to deliberately de
stroy her innocent babe. She prepared a little
boat, and carefully wrappinu the infant in warm
apparel, placed it in the tiny vessel, and sent it
afloat at the mercy of the waves. The richly laden
ed vessel drifted to the shore, and a good-natured
dame, visiting the creek-side to see to her goslings,
was attracted by the strange visitor’s cries, and its
tiny heels uprising in the air. She at once secured
the prize and bore it to her hospitable roof. The
neighbors were called in, and an investigation insti
tuded.
Our informant says the physicians in the neigh
borhood were summoned and pu* upon their oaths ;
by which means the mother —a widow lady, in good
circumstances, whose name we did not learn—was
discovered. The child was restored to his parent,
and, we presume, is doing well.
We suggest that it should be christened “Moses.”
[Nashville Banner.
The Grave of Henry Clay. —The editor of the
Fort Wayne Times has been on a journey through
Kentucky, and went to pay his devotions at the
grave of Henry Clay. In the cemetery not far
Irom Lexington, he searched for it first among those
covered with entablatured slabs, obelisks, pyramids
and imposing monuments, but the name was found
on none of these ; he sought it among less imposing
tabulets, but found it not. A lad at last led him to
the spot, where a little mound, marked only by the
path worn by the foot prints of devoted country
men, told that the Great Commoner still lived in
the hearts of the people. Near by. was the monu
men affectionately inscribed by Mr. Clay to his
mother.
On an adjoining eminence, which is a beautiful
site—with au area of half an acre, circular m form—
the people of Kentucky are to erect a monument of
Kentucky marble, of beautiful design, which is to
rise 120 teet in height, under which the remains of
the noble son of our sister State are to be deposited.
The corner e tone will be laid on the 4th of July
next, with imposing cere*conies.
Horrible Accident.—A Man Sawed in Two.
—The London (C. W ) Free Press says that on Wed
nesday, of last week, a most shocking accident oc
curred in a circulr saw mill, at Wallsinghain. Chas.
Harris, a young man lately married, bad just been
employed that morning to work in the mill, and
was set at carrying away boards as they dropped
from the saw. He had taken away but a few board*
when tlfe end of one he had just taken up swayed
against the saw, and being repelled with violence,
caused the other end to force him against the saw
then in full motion, and as quick as thought he was
cut in twain. The saw struck first the point of the
left shoulder, passing directly through the heart,
and out under the ribs on the right of the body.
Liberia Fair. —The Legislature of Liberia at
its last session passed an act providing for a na
tional fair, to be held in Monrovia, in December
next. It provides premiums for producers vary
ing from fl to $25 —the highest being offered for
the best ten pounds of Liberian cotton, best hun
dred pounds of sugar, best yoke of oxen, best side
of leather, chairs, coffee, dec. The competition is
to be Liberian, and the fair to continue for a week.
The government vessel “Lark,” is to convey goods
and exhibitors to and from the fair. Five hundred
dollars are appropriated for the exhibition. An
other act appropriates three thousand dollars for ex
ploring purposes, and for opening roads into the
interior.
Wounded in Nicaragua. —Courtney Y. James,
Esq., son of G. P. R. James, the British Consul for
Virginia, was wounded in one of the recent en
gagements in Nicaragua. Mr J. was*a practitioner
at the bar of Richmond until about two months
since, whenfbe left to share.the fortune and misfor
tune of General Walker. His wound is a serious
one, though, it is believed, not fatal.
Dreadful Accident on the Southern Mich
igan Railroad. —Thursday night’s express train
bound West, on the Southern Michigan Railroad,
ran over a cow between Toledo and Adrian, about
12 miles East of the latter place, throwing the tender
off the track, and causing the first passenger car to
be thrown crosswise over the track. The second
passenger car then ran against the hind end of the
first, staving it clear into the baggage car in ad
vance , insUintly killing five persons who were in
the first car, and seriously injuring several others.
—Chicago Journal.
The Newberg Tragedy.— The mystery in re
gard to this affair still continues, and nothing of any
importance has been discovered as yet. The ex
citement is passing away, and, In a few weeks, wi
cease to be even thought of, unless the mur e
should be discovered.
Nom in at ION.—A correspondent of al &.
Meaeenger of this morning, nominates be Uon_Joei
Crawford of Early, as a suitable candidate for tKr
ve-nor This would be a capital nomination, but
we™ not think that Maj. Cra-ford would accept
P, were it tendered to him and hu.election guaran
teed to him in advance. — Macon Citizen.
An Appropriate Simile. — The merchant who
does not advertise liberally in the newspapers has
been appropriately compared to a man who has a
lantern, but ii too etingy to buy a caudle.
VOL. LXX.—NEW SERIES VOL. XXI. NO. *>o
An Exciting Horse Race. —The Spring races
were in progress near Richmond, Va., last week, and
on Thursday a brush of unusual interest to the sport
ing fraternity present took place, best throe in five,
mile heats. The entries and results were as fol
lows :
Thos. Doswell’s b. g. Spider Legs, 4
years old 12511
David McDaniel’s b. h. 4 years 01d,..5 543 *j
O. P Hare’s b. h. Toler, 4 years 01d,..3 113 3
Jas. Tally’s ch. h. Shockoe, 4 years 01d,4 42 24
C. Green's b. h. Fillibuster, 5 years old. 2 3 3 5 dis
Time—1.50—1.52—1.52—1.50 1 48$
Previous to the start, it is stated, that for once in
their lives even the oldestjockies could not make
up their minds as to which of the live entries was
hkely to pro. e victorious.. This state of uncertainty
tended to increase the excitement very much and
no little anxiety was manifested to see the entries
on the course. Some few minutes before one
o’clock, the horn called the horses out, and when
they made their appearance, opinions were ex
pressed and backed as to the result—in most cases
Shockoe having the call against any named nag.
whilst Toler had many warm friends, who stood by
him to the last, the Nicholas horse being the third iu
public esteem, Fillibuster fourth, aud Spider Legs
fifth.
The Richmond Dispatch thus notices tho run iu
detail:
First Heat.—After two false starls they got off,
and, after going about one hundred yards Fillibus
ter drew iu front and maintained the lead until get
ting on the back stretch, w’hen Spider Legs, who
was uuder a hard pull, put in his best licks, dashed
by Shockoe and Toler, and collaring the leader, cut
him down at the head of the stretch, moved to the
front, and won the heat with apparent ease in 1:51),
Second Heat. —Another false start was made, aud
then the crowd got off in a lump, in which positiou
they ran about two hundred yards. Spider once
more marched to the front, the others being within
striking distance, and made ’play for home, but on
getting on the head of the stretch, Toler took up the
running, collared his leader, passed him at the dis
tance stand, and led home a winner in 1:52, to the
great delight of those who had backed hun.
Third Heat. —Shockoe got a tiue send off, dashed
to the front and cut out she work in gallant style,
his pursuers being close on his trail aud all running
at their ease. On reaching the back stretch, Toler,
who was then fourth, quickened his pace, passed
Fillibuster, gave Spider the go by, aud on swinging
into the head of the stretch made at his leader, who
not feeling diposed to change places, made a des
perate struggle from there to the distance stand,
where Toler lapped him aud gave him the go-by,
beating him to the score by half a length, and win
ning the heat in 1:52. [Toler’s backets sanguine
and greatly excited ]
Fourth Heat. —The Nicholas horse was the first
to show iu front and continued the lead for a quarter
of a mile, at which time Shockoe cut him down,
took his place aud begun to open a gap. As a matter
of course his friends gav event to their pent up feelings
in louU huzzas, and many of them were shouting
“he has them ” “he, 11 win,” when to their utter
astonishment Spider made a tremeudous brush,
locked the leader, at the half mile pole, ran with
him from there to the head of the stretch, then sliak
iug him off, led home at a killiug pace lu I.so—thus
showing that he had not only speed, but could huug
on when necessary to do so.
The “sharpers’’ werojuow off their feet completely,
and all hands and the cook seemed eutirely at sea,
The horse least dreaded had* won the two fastest
heats.
Fifth Heat. —At the word Shockoe again went
off with the lead, cutting out the work in earnest,
the other four being well up, and thus they ran ti 1
reaching the back stretch, when the rider of Spider
tickled his sides aud henvent at his leader with tho
speed of the wind. On reaching the half mile pole
Spider aud Shockoe were yoked together, and thus
placed, flew along for an hundred yards, when
Spider moved to the front and made for home.
Getting near the head of the stretch, tho Nicho
las horse made a beautiful burst, cut down Shockoe,
and put out his best In ks in pursuit of Spider, who
fairly flew down the stretch and passed the stand
oue length ahead iu 1,485, Toler being third, 8 ookoe
fourth aud Fillibuster catching the flag in his luce
We venture to say that a better heat for the fifth
one, than that made by Spider, will not be run
again over Broad Rock for many years ; nor will a
result more unexpected, occur duriug a life-lime.
Thieving on the N Y. Central Railroad
It is said that the robberies ou the Central Railroad
are growing more aud more numerous, in spite ol
all precautions. One of the Buffalo police, who
has given much attention to the subject, aays.tlmi
the chevehers d’induslre have secret signs and
methods of recognition, with a complete code of
signals, suitable for their method of conducting a
“prigging" campaign. They usually travel iu com
panies of three or four, that they may crowd about
a selected victim, and to accomplish their efforls
with greater ease. Sometimes they hunt iu couples,
but never singly ; they do tnis, that, iu case one gets
caught in the act of picking a pocket, the other may
create a diversion and draw attention from him to
facilitate hi« escape. At every city on the route of
the Central Railroad confederates reside, who keep
up a constant line of information for the benefit ot
the confederate gang. On the trains, one of them
will manage to keep close about the conductor,
while collecting fares, that they may observe who
exhib ted a well-tilled pocket book, and where it is
curried about the person. When this portion of the
programme is tiuished, another gang will saunter
through the cars, aud take a sharp look at the se
lected victim, whom he knows by meauH of the sig
nals which his confederate has given him. By this
procedure all are and several patienis
are selected to experiment upon. At Rochester, the
great changing place ou the route, when their victim
attempts to get out, these fellows manuge to crowd
aud jostle him, and frequently abstract his pocket
book during the melee. Lady pickpockets also
travel, andl>y flieir winning manners and confiding
dispositions allure unsuspecting gentlemen into im
proper circumstances, aud carry oft’ his money se
cretly, or trusting to his dread of an exposure and
public examination boldly defy him. These, too,
are in league with their brethren of the swell mob.
New York, May 12th—The Auuiveraaries con
tinue to occupy the attention of large numbers of
the community, and of course have drawn many
strangers to the city. The meetings of yesterday
included the Seamen’s Friend Society, the Female
Guardian Society, the Young Men’s Christian As
sociation, and the Uniou Theological Seminary. An
interesting talkie, showing the receipts and expen
ditures of the various societies, is published as fol
lows :
Total Rec. Total Exp.
American Tract Society $420,585.39 $4lB 929 53
I’resbyteran Board For. Mia’n. 205 768.00 218,520.17
American Board Foreign Min’n
(fiscal year t nd. Aug. 1, 1856) 307,318.00 323,000.49
American Baptist Home Mis
sionary Society 44,507.00 36,133 23
American anti-dlavery Soot’y. 38,162,60 33 970 12
N. Y State Colonization Socie
ty, (includ’g Educa’nl Fund) 36.913.40 35,699 95
Arne, and For. Christian Union 76,296 93 72,172.65
New York Bible Society 21,755 14 21,755 14
Arae. and For. Bible Society.. 45,000.00 50,000.00
Female Magdalen Soci ty 3 334 73 3,340.73
Female Guardian Society 30,353 92 45,K*9 93
N. Y. Sunday School Union.. . 15.538 30 15,573.90
American Abolition Society... 6,614 51 5,98539
Stamen’s Friend Society 27,841.95 29,84176
Total $1,278,328 88 $1,310,049.99
[Cor. Ball. Amer.
Lord Napier, by his unostentatious politeness
and freedom from those foreign assumptions obnox
ious to republicans, is winning golden opiuions
from all who have business with him. Yesterday
the following rather amusing incident trauspireo :
Two gentlemen, from Texas, (one of whom is well
known in political circles, and the other more faini
liar with the music of nature than the etiquette of
diplomacy,) called at the embassy to get some p itent
documents authenticated. Our rustic friend and
his companion were introduced to my lord instead
of his secretary as was expected; and, after the
business was duly transacted, Lord Napier instituted
a series of interrogatories as to the commercial, so
cial and agricultural affairs of Texas. These were
duly responded to by the worthy but unpolished
applicant, in his usual off-baud manner, interspersed
with some characteristic jokes byway of a more
perfect illustration The interview lasted upwards
of half hour, notwithstanding several attempts by
the visiters to depart; but his lordstiip at each sue
cessive attempt would propound some new question
which caused another detention. After having fi
nally made their exit, thegentleman wno introduced
them inquired how they liked Lord Napier. “Didn’t
see him,” replied M , “but his Secretary was a
clever feller.” “That was Lord Napier himself,”
responded the other. “That Lord Napier 7 By ,
sir, if he’ll come to Texas we’ll elect him to Con
gress.”— Washington Cor. Balt. Amer.
Foreign Fruits.—The West India fruit trade
is increasing in importance every y* ar. This sea
son, both cocanuts and bananas are expected to be
more plenty than ever before. The nr.-t cargo of
Matansas pines, numbering 40,000, has just been
received, and sold for eleven dollars per hundred.
Cocanuts are very plenty, not less than 200,000
having been received last week. They sell for
twenty five dollars per thousand. Bananas are very
backward, and such os have been received are
gnerally very green, and consequently, deficient in
flavor. Another cargo, soon to arrive, will be more
thorughly mature. At the present time, five cargoes
ofWeet India fruit are discharging. More than
half of the entire receipts are packed in hogsheads,
and forwarded with dispatch to the East and West.
—Journal of Commerce.
A Flash in the Pan —Mr. J. W. White, of Kan
eaa, was here at our last Court, drumming up emi
grants for that far-off territory. lie raised a goodly
number here as well as at other places, who were to
rendezvous at Whytheville ihe first of this week.—
They assembled, but no Mr. White appearing, they
disbanded on Wednesday last. —Abingdon Virgi
nian.
We learn from the Richmond Dispatch that the
Rev. 11. O. Wyer, of Savannah, died in Alexandria,
Va., on the BtJi inst. Mr. Wyer was an old resi
dent of Savannah, and for ir any years the Pastor of
the Baptist Church, but of late years bis health has
prevented him from attending to his pastoral du
ties. All who have ever heard him will remember
his deep persuasive eloquence, and kindness—and
will learn of his demise with feelings of painful re
gret.—Savh. Rep.
Struck by Lightning.—Near Erastus, Frank
lin county, Ga., on Wednesday the 6th instant the
infant daughter of Reuben Nunn, about sixteen
months old, was struck with lightning. The little
child was sitting on the stiles or blocks at a crossing
place of the yard fence, when the lightning struck
three trees very near the child ; one of which stood
more than one rod from it; at the same time passing
directly under the blocks and fence upon which the
child was sitting; literally bursting the blocks apart
throwing the child off some five or six feet, leaving
it nearly lifeless. The child is considerably burned
—several places blistered, but no broken bones,
nor dislooated joints. —Athens Banner.
Affray.—We learn that a mm named David
Adams, (an overseer for Mrs. Walker, of Chatta
hoochee county,) was stabbed on yesterdry by one
Wm. M. Robinson, about 10 miles from this city.
Adams died immediately. Robinson is about 5
feet 10 inches high, hazel eyes and sandy or auburn
hair, light complexion and weighs about 175 pounds.
Arrival of Whalers Last Wednesday 10
whalers arrived at New Bedford, bringing
aggregate 870 barrels sperm and 17*850 do :
oil and 79,000 pounds of bone, exclue.ee of oil and
bone previously sent home.
Homicide «
Edwards, a citizen of JaltK t Wj J iam Qiddin( ,„.
M* lingered until Monday the 4th, when
he died. — Columbui Enquirer.
I, r inois central Railroad Lands —The sales
of lands by the Illinois Central Railroad Company
up to May. have been *1,670,419,61
In 1855 5,590,577.83
Total .....$12,383,657 42
The average for the past month was $13.09 per
cent.
The monument to the late Wm. B. Furguson,
President of the Norfolk Howard Association was
inaugurated at Baltimore, on Monday, with military
ceremonies.
The Hudson river boats brought down to New
York during the 48 hours ending Tuesday, 15,UUU
barrels of flour and 41,000 bushels wheat.
R. R. Nelson, Esq., whom the President has ap
pointed associate justice of Minnesota, is a sou
of Judge Nelson, of the United States Supreme
Court.
Frum Hic Kirk niond Dispatch ,13<fe May.
Aimivci-snry of the Jumraioviii Celebrasion—
Cijm. John Smith.
» P"’ 1 "'. 13 ' 51 of December, 10 Ti, throe »m«!l ves
‘of l lie while timouutiug (o
only 160 tons burthen, ~ ile.l r ., m EneUml for Vir-
Kom with a colony of my a.lvhho winds
delHimnl them 'or six weeks in sight of England,
and their voyage, by the circuitous route, of the
Canaries and the West India Islands, was so long
and protracted, that they dul not arrive in the Chea
ape ke until the 26:k ot April. These colonists
made a settlement at Jamestown, on May 13th
1 J. °"0 hundied ami t. n years from the discovery
ot the North American continent by Cabot and
about fifteen y. nvs be fore the seltlement of Ply
mouth, by the Puritans, in the Mav Flower. It
was at Jamestown, therefore, on the North side of
James river, fifty miles from its mouth, and not on
Plymouth Rock, that the first settlement of Eng
lishmen was made, aud the cornerstone laid of the
vusi structure of American power and civiliza ion.
The first church ever built in America was erected
at Jamestown, the first f ee constitution iu Amer*
ica was promulgated in 16*21 upon that classic spot,
and the first legislative body that ever assembled
i Ul ° American Continent met in the old church of
that place, lhe time of meeting, the proceedings
and a list of the members' names are amon< r the
achieves ot the llistorical Society of Virginia, hav
ing been procured lor it by one of its members on
a recent examination ot the records of tlie Foreign
Department in England. The elements of a free
government were in tact established upon Virginia
soil before the New England se tlement at Ply
mouth was made. In the month of August, 16*20, a
Dutch vessel brought 20 African slaves to Virginia.
Thus the foundation of the fre- government and the
domestic iu titutions of Virginia were laid at about
the same time, and are destined, beyond doubt, to
be of equal permanence.
The colonv which first settled Jamestown, was
composed of bravo aud adventurous spirits, who,
under t he pacific administration ot James I , saw
no outlet lor their energy and enterprise, except in
oolonizidganew world. They seem, however, to
have met with more brilliaut success as soldiers un
der Elizabeth than as pioneers under James Iu
this company which landed in an uukuown wilder
ness, filled with.savages; which had but a scant
supply of provisions ; which had to construct its
habitations and its forts, there were but fou>* car
penters, twelve laborer* and fifty-four gentlrmen.
Nevertheless, each and all fell towoik withe urage
and energy, blistering their hands with manual la
ber. lint their sufferings fioin treachery among
themselves, from want of food, from the climate and
the 1 dians, were so varied ami so extreme that it
is little less than a miracle that the colony did not
become extinct. That it survived, that amid the
most trying discouragements and Minis it attained a
vigorous vitality, aud, at lust, became the germ of
a mighty Commonwealth,is ullowing, under Provi
dence, to one man, to CaptaiiaJohn Smith, the most
extraordinary person whot-eimme is associated with
the settlement of America. It. would be an act
graceful, grateful and appropriate, if the multitudes
now assembled at Jamestown, celebrating 'he an
niversary of its settlement, w uld lake measures for
erecting a monument to the Founder of Virginia.
Iks cad of permitting their i-uihusiasm to puss off
in aoclamati »ns and champagne, let them embody
their sentiments iu eternal granite, in a pile that
will tower above the marls of Mammon, and last, as
long as the rocks ard mountains, cm seer a • d to the
great Pioneer, nndPi’g im Father of V'rg»«ia's
Colonial History, Capl. Jehu Smith, a man in whom
no element of greatness was want ing, who was at
once the most chivalrous and the most practical,
the most adventurous and most dberret, the most
energetic in temporal and the most zealous iu spi
ritual things, the wisest ami the moat heroic of all
the original 10-h-t-* of the Westward march of An
glo Saxon civilization.
Joining the colony which settled Jomestown,
after a life of romaniio adventure aud gallantry in
the old world, which remind us of the labled ex
ploits of Cceur do Leou, ho beoame at once the
masterspirit ot the expedition, converted its gentle
men, up' n landing, into voluntary laborers, directed
their plans of defence, overthrew the plots and in
trigues of internal foes, brought order out of con
fusion, provided comfor able habitations in the wil
derness, saved tl»« colony from starvation, procured
it provisions, tuagbt u to husband its resources,
fought its battles against the savages, whipped the
Indians, and at the same time converted them into
friends and allies, and wasoverand over again the
means of saving the c urn ry from destruction.—
Ami all theca cs and toils of the council and the
field, he found time, i.. I 6» , *\ 1 c ake those t wo won*
derlul voyages iu a sum I opmi boat with I I men,
by which he accomplish* ihL long cherished objeot
of exploring the (’lies - • .id its tributary wa
ters, and of which a New E -i<.id historian, Ban
cruft, says : “Two vovag t V in an open boat,
with a sow companion.- ovei whom his superior
courage, rather than Lis t i >. as a magistrate,
gave him authority, oociqnrd him abou.l three
months of the summer, and embraced •> navigation
of nearly t hree teousand miles. The slenderness of
his means has been cont»asted with the dignity
and utility of his discoveries, and his name has
been placed iu the highe-t rank with the distin
guished men who have enlarged the bounds of
geographical knowledge, and opened the way by
their investigation , for colon* s and commerce. He
surveyed the bay of the Cliesai eike to the Susque
hanna, and left only the borders of that remote
river to remain fm some years longer, the labled
dwelling place of a giant progeny. The Patnp-eo
was discovered and explored, and Smith probably
entered the harbor of Baltimore. The m static Po
tomac, which, at its moult, is seven miles broad,
especially invited curiosity ; and passing be\ond
tiie heights of Mount Venn-ii and the city of Wash
ington, he ascended to the falls above Georgetown.
Nor did he merely explore the river and inlets. lie
penetrated the territories, established friendly rela
tions with the native trP es, aud laid the foundation
for future beneficial intercourse. The map which
he prepared and sent to the c mpany in London, is
still extant, and delineates correctly the great out
lines of nature. The expedition was worthy the ro
mantic age of American hi.-tory.” The astonishing
accuracy of this map is corroborated by Robertson,
in his History of Virginia, aud by Marshall, who, iu
his Introduction to the Life of Washington, says :
“Capl. Smith brought with him an account of that
large portion of the American continent, now com
prehended in the two provn oes of Virginia and Ma
ryland, eo full a. d exact, that after the progress of
information aud research for a century and a half,
his map exhibits no inaccurate view of both coun
tries, and is the original upon which all subsequent
descriptions have been f umed.”
We have dwelt thus at large upon Captain John
Smith, because it was by Ins nursit g skill and care
that the colony at Jamestown was saved m its iu
fancy from the fate which Imd bc'a’len the repeated
attempts made by previous colonies to establish a
foothold for the Engfish upon this continent. As
was said of him by u colonial writer of Jamestown :
“In all his proceedings, he made justice his first
guide, and experience hie second, ever listing base
ness, sloth, pride, at <1 indignity, more than any dan
ger—he never allowed mole for hint-elf than his sol
diers with him ; upon no danger would he send them
where he would not lead them hiuißell; he would
never see us want what he either had, or could by
any means get us ; lie would rather want than bor
row, or starve than not pay ; he loved action more
than wolds, nd hated falsehood and covetousness
worse tJiun desth ; '•'•* adventures were our lives,
aud his loss our deaths.”
For another iea.-on is the example of Capt. John
Smith worthy of especial contemplation at. a James
town celebration. Virginia is now entering a new
era in her career of progress. As she enters that
era, and before ber excited imagination rises a moun
tain of greatness, crowded with the g rgcous tro
puies of Industry, Art, and Enterprise, let her turn
back to her early history, and learn from 'he guar
dian genius of her infancy, that the only Open Se
same winch can make that mountain surrender its
treasures, in this one word, Labor. As she pauses
for a moment in the fierce battle of States ana Em
pires for wealth aud power, let her 1 >ok back to
Capt John Smith, as did Marsha Macdouald, amid
the slaughter of YVagram to Napoleon, and receive
from *• in the signal—Toil on—Pei severe—Push
Onward.
lji« n us, wit, and even blood may be poured out
in sparkling and costly libations a the shliue of
ViiginiaV splendid Past ; bu» whilst these may
please the Senses and stir l ie soul. V is the plough,
Hie hammer, and 1 hosteaui engine that must save
the S a»e A hundred envain is, with fl *wing lock*
and glittering swords are nut of as much value to
Vi giuia as a d"Zeu ui* chanics, with “sleeves i oiled
up and ears laid back.” As true of Virginia uow
as ir. was in the early days ot Jamestown. aie the
words of Capt. Smith to the E igboh council, that
they “need not expect a i-udden acquisition of
wealth, and that nothing to be übtsiueu but by la
bor.” Whilst some affect to deep ee the mechanic
arts, whilst a parvenu aristocracy looks with con
temp’ upon manual labor, it was Capt. Jobu Smith,
the firstand noblest gentleman ot Ins time, and the
flower of modern chivalry, who steadily remonstra
ted with the English company on account ot a ship
load of effeminate idlers, Social liilies i f the valley,
whom they had sent out., retreating them when they
sent again, rather to send “ ut thirty carpi liters,
husbandmen, gardners fishermen, black riuitha,
masons uud diggers up o tree roots, wed provi *d,
than a thousand such us they had for unless ihey
could bo’h lodge and f.’ed them, they wuu d perish
with want belur« they c uld bn made good lor auy*
thing ” it .
Fire in Aaituicts cn z us were aroused
about daybreak, on Tu* ft ay morning lost, by the
cry of fire, which had or ken out in l ho old Baptist
Church, for some time pa i us« d us a grocery store
by Mr. C. C. Green. in« budding was a mere
fheli, very old end very * > . and the fire had so far
advanced when uiscov r. ;. hit all attempts to
save it must have proved tuvuilmg, even it we hud
the be-' appliance lor ’ purple. The flames
communicated to the Hi e <»: n>> {Savannah Bank
Agency and the wm • E B. Ley less, lately
bought ot Brown &, Cm mietmci, and o imumed the
former and a large si en«»u oi tue shed used for stor
ing cotton, and a*roc.uy stole belonging to Mr. 8.
.S Boone, and one uml»-rslood to belong to one
Rosenplatte, lately bought, of J P. Griffin About
forty bales of Cotton w«re j uriiady burnt, the prin
cipal loss of which tell on «» i worthy Mayor, I*. H.
Oliver, without insurance. We h e pi- ased to learn,
however, tha Mr Oliver win be able to save irom
one third to ahalf«>l ‘ne staple by re*cuing it from
the charnell heap of liie ruin. The fire was extin
guished by the i-x-- ti-ns of our citizens and con
fined to the limits indicated. The total loss is esti
mated at about SI3,’“JO, upon which there was an
insurance of about. $6,h00.-
Suiely our town will devise some reliable means
to guard agaiust such catastrophes in tu ure. Now
we are unprotected, euvo by < ccasional policies,
here and there secured by a few of our most dis
creet and provident citizens. . ~
The fire was no doubi the work of an incendiary,
ini*! bttiLt not beiiii t..r tue oal imew o»jh« inurum*,
(fur no breeze at oil was Mining, the business pui
during
A memorial signed '•> Ma-t ™of more than
chiefly Airier,can, lying at Cardeima,
on ,he BStli uit , has bee., rddreaa. dto the Secreta'V
J state his attention to the murder ot Capt.
<’ *G Pendleton, of the tank Gen. June.*, whilst
lyitJK at port. To- facts of the case are given as fol
lowa viz :—Capt. Pendleton, in company with two
other masters, in getting into his boat to proceed on
boarJ, was atfa< ked by a gang of rufliatis, and re
ceived a blow from one of them that lelled him to
the earth, and in that eond th»n was conveyed to
the hotel In three or four days afterwards be died
from the effects of the injuries received. The re
iriisness of the authorities m not arresting or trying
to arrest the parties implicated, have eaunedusto
make the application to jou, to know whether our
government ie w.llmg to protect us in cur legitimate
calling and whether we are !<• be assailed by a gang
of ruffiaus and murdered " i»hout any redress.
Mr. Bancroft is said, to have realized fifty thou
sand dollars by hia “His lory of the Gutted Mates.
Mr Prescott the celebrated historian, derives a large
revenue from his literary effo-ts. The recent work
of Dr Kane on -The Arctic Kegions” has likewise
been signally successful. We menliou theße facts
with pleasure. They show that American genius is
fully appreciated. We are empahtically a reading
people, aud constautly becoming mure so.
Cunvictfd —“l{ev. Mr. Kinney, who was ar
res'ed in Frederick, Mil. Bevar-.l months ago, "n
tile charge ot having r« bbed the K-unan Catholic
church at Martr sbuig, (of which le wan tori tier 1
the pantorjot a silver m d other valuab cs, was
couvicied in the court of Heikley county, Va., du
ring the past week, aud sentenced to the peniten
tiary for the term of oue year.
Generous Gift.—A member of the ** e y-
Philips’ church, New York, has contnduted $30,000
to endow a professorship in the oollege of New Jersey,
at Princeton,