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<%oiutlt tfc Sentinel.
The Secretary af the Trea-ury’* Report on the
State of the Finasof*-
Treasury Defartmint, Dec. 8,1857.—5ir In |
compliance with the act of Congress entitled “An
act supplementary to an act to establish the rreaeu
ry Department,” approved May 10. 1800, I have
the honor to submit the following report:
On the Ist July, I*s, being the commence
ment of the tl-cAi year 1857, the balance In
the treasury •••■ ••••• ■
The receipts Into the treasury during the ns-
Jcal ar 1857 were fie,631,513.67, a. fob
lows For the quarter ending aept 30,
FromcMtcro* •*©"**>
From public land/- fc 'rJ*rT ‘
From miscellaneous source....
For quarter ending Dec 31, PM
From Customs ‘*
From Public iud Suo'ru
From miceli*ooou* *ourc... -.m
For quarter ending March 31,1857
From custom*...... • ■..........19,055,373 • ■’
From public lands l t o6& y MO il
From rniicetiaueoa* 0urce•••••..274,054 .* ‘
For quarter casing Jose TO, Jo-57- —
From custom
From Public lamia .. 1,<>11.213 28
From inuicoilaneoua gourc* 172. ' r - 4 q
Tb* aggregate mean*, tb®rfo-e, for tba
wrv.oo of the flacal year coding June i, ~ 2
1857, were ***’•Z
The expenditure, dnnng the fiscal year ending
Jane 30,1857, were $70,824,722.8.) . f
EeUmated aggregate-ftreana for the service of
first qnarter ending
f4c.pt 30. 1857, of the current fiscal year, were
‘ *Theertiniated expenditure* daring the three re
maining quarters of the current fiscal year, to June
30, 1858 2re *5 12 18,53004
balance in the treasury on July 1, 18j8, (which wlI,
of course, be effected by any redaction or increase
of expenditure not comtemplated) of $426,875 >G
Estimate- for the fiscal >ear, from July 1, 108,
to June 30, 1859-aggregate of mear. for the
service of the fiecalyear to June 10, 18.)J, as esti
mated, *75,926,875,67. Aggregate estimated ex
penditures for the service of fiscal year to June .10,
iH/j'J 871 064 765 97. Leaving an et.imat*n nal
anoe in the treasury July 1, 1859, of 1 862,119 70,
It is difficult at all times to estimate in advance the
probable receipts into the treasury for the next one
and two years The events of the present fiscal
year furnish a striking illustration of the uncertain
ty of all such estimates from the operation of unfor
seen causes which exert a controlling influence
over the revenue from customs.
When the estimate* for the present fiscal year were
made it wa p. impossible to foresee either the materi
al change in the rates of duty or the present revul
sion in trade and commerce, both which have deep
ly affected the revenue, and satisfactorily account
for the difference between his estimates and those
now submitted With two disturbing causes
now in view, it is very difficult to form satisfactory
estimates of the probable receipts from customs.
The tariff act of Man h 3,1857, has not been m oper
ation long enough to test its effects upon the reve
nue, even under ordinary circumstances. Kimulta
genus with this act. going into operation, the country
is subjected to a disastrous revulsion. To what ex
tent importations would have been affected by it,
bad there been no revulsion in trade and commerce,
is now as much a matter of coDjectQre as it was be
fore the passage of the act.
The exports for the year ending June 20, 1007,
amounted to $362 949,111, and the imports for the
same period were The amount of our
exports depend not only on the quantity but the
value of the articles exported. The quantity of
some and the value of others may be considerably
diminished, and yet the deficiency thus created may
be supplied by either the increased quantity or val
ue of other articles. It is probable that this very
state of things may occur during the present fiscal
year. The indications at present are that the ex
ports of breadstuffs and provisions will decrease
both in quantity and value ; but the increased value
of ootton, at its probable prices, which constitutes
much the largest item of our exports, would make
up such deficiency. From the best information
which can be obtained the opinion is entertained
that the exports for the present fiscal year will not
fall below those of last year more than ten per cent
urn.
The foreign merchandise subject to duty import
ed during the first quarters, ending 30th September
last, amoun ed to $88,819,385, and the customs re
ceived during Ihat quarter were, an stated in the
estimates, $18,573,729.37. The tariff of the 3d of
March last having gone mto operation on the first
day of that quarter, the circumstances under which
a considerable portion of that amount was realized
were so exceptional as to form no satisfactory guide
for the remaining three quarters of the present fiscal
year.
The opinion is expressed with some confidence,
that the reduction from this date will not exceed
twenty five per centum. This would bring the
amount of merchandise paying duties down to about
one hundred and seventy-four millions for the re
inaimi g three quarters of the present fiscal year.
Compared with the amount of duty actually re
alised under the tariff of 1846, it appears that about
one quarter should be deducted for the effect of the
tariff of 1857.
The efficiency of the public service, as well as the
security of the public requires that this department
shall be provided with means to meet lawful de
mands without delay. The present revulsion has
caused a very large portion of the dutiable merchan
dise imported since it commenced to be warehoused
without paying duty. It may be safely estimated
that in the course of the present fiscal year a large
Eortion of the merchandise now In warehouse will
e withdrawn aud duties paid thereon; but in the
meantime adequate means for meeting lawful de
mands on the treasury should be provided.
It is therefore re< ommeuded that au’hority be
given to this department by law to issue treasury
notes for an amount not to exceed twenty millions of
dollars, payable within a limited time, and carrying
a specified rate of interest, whenever the immediate
demands of the public service may call for a greater
amount of mouey than shall happen to be in the
treasury, subject to the treasurerdrafts inpayment
of warruuts.
For the half of the current fiscal year extending
from Ist January to 30th June, 1858, at least one
million six huudred thousand dollars will be required
to defray the expenses of collecting the revenue in
the Atlantic States, and I recommend that sum to
be appropriated for that period.
From tne commencement of the fiscal year on the
Ist July, 1858, that provision be made by law ttyat
the whole receipts from customs and ail other sources
on the Pacific coast be paid lnio trauury, under
the act of 1849, and the expense of collection be de
frayed out of appropriations for that puipose. To
meet the expense of collecting the customs through
out the entire United States during the fiscal
year ending 30th June, 1859, will probably require
$4,000,000.
The department continued the purchase of stock
as long as the law and proper regard for the public
interest would justify.
, Asa measure of relief to the country, it is pro
posed to increase the tariff. A return to a high
protective system is regarded by some as the surest
mode of extricating the country from the embar
rassments, and affording immediate as well as per
manent relief to the public distress. The people
are already suffering from disticss, and the propo
sition seeks to diminish their suffering by adding to
iheir burdens.
The theory of the protectionists is this: that un
der a low tariff the importations of foreign manu
factures is encouraged, and, being brought into the
couutry at lower prices than they can be produced,
the competition with the domestic, manufacturer is
ruinous to his businer-s. The remedy is to raise the
duties upon the foreign article to such a point that
either it will be excluded, aud thus give to the do
mestic manufacturer the entire home market, or
else it will be so increased in price by ihe additional
duty as to enable the domestic manufacturer to re
cieve a remunerating price for his productions.—
That the effect would be temporarily for the benefit
of the manufacturer is conceded, but that the ulti
mate effect would be alike injurious to him as well
as all other interests is equally clear. In looking upon
the operation as a measure of relief, we must con
sider its effects uot only upou the domestic manu
facturer, but also upon the consumer.
If the increased duty neitbei diminises the impor
tations nor increase the price, it ih manifest that no
advantage has been derived by the domestic manu
facturer. If the effect should be to exclude the
foreign article, then the domestic manufacturer
monopolises the home maiket, and commands his
own price. Ihe relief he needs is a higher price for
liis goods, and, as a matter of course, unrestrained
as he will then bo by the laws of competition, he
will so raise his prices as to remedy the evil of low
prices of which ne had complained. The effect upon
the consumer is clear He must pay the increased
price thus put upon the article of consumption.—
Nor does it step there. Under the existing state of
things, when he has purchased the article he has not
only furnished himself with the goods he needed at
the reduced price, but at the same time has paid
into the treasury the tax required for the support of
Kvercment. The measure ol relief proposed by
9 protectionists increase the price he is required
to pay for his goods, and where the foreign article
is excluded leaves his tax unpaid This deficiency
in the revenue must be supplied, aud he is called
upon to pay it from his other resources. The pro
posed measure of relief thus imposes upon him these
additional burdens, in the increased price pt his
goods aud the additional tax he is required to pay.
If, however, the increased duty should not ex
clude the importation of the article, but simply ad
vance the price to a remunerating point to the do
mestic manufacturer, the t tl'ect upon the consumer
would l> to require him to pay the additional price,
not only upon the foreign article, but also upon the
domestic manufacture The amount of taxation
put upon him for the benefit respectively of the
treasury and the domestic manufacturer will depend
upon the relative proportion of the foreign and
domestic article he may consume. In uo event can
the increased duty operate to the advantage at and
relief of the manufacturer except by a correspond
ing injury to the consumer. The amount of benefit
conferred and injur) sustained by the proposed re
lief measure would depend upou the relative num
ber of manufacturers and consumers of the articles
upon wh ch the increased duties were laid ; and as
the number of consumers exceed the number of
manufacturers, so would the injury sustained ex
ceed the benefit conferred. A policy so partial and
unjust in its operations cannot command the ap
proval of the country.
Rejecting the proposition to raise the tariff as a
measure of reliet. and looking to the probable re
ceipts and expenditures tor the present and next
years, no chau<e is recommended in the act of
March 3,1857, at this time.
Returning to the question of relief which is expec
ted from the government it becomes necessary to
inquire into the cause of the present revulsion. as
preliminary to the consideration of a proper remedy
for it Public opiuion generally holds the banks re- !
sponsible tor all our embarrassments. The true
cause is to be feund iu the undue expansions of -he ■
credit system The hanks constitute an important
part ot that system but there are other elements
entering into it wtueh, equally with the question of
the banks, demand public consideration.
Credit, oonfiued leg.timate functions, [is the
rep|peentat!v<ot oapitaijaud when used within that
limit, may exteiiu aud invigorate trade and buei
nees , when it ceases to be such representative it
stimulates overtrading, excites speculation, and in ‘
troducee an unsound state of things in the business
of the country. It is this undue expansion of credit ;
which has brought the county to its pre ent enibar
rassments The extension of bank credits and the >
over-issue of bank notes is a part, and a very iu,
portent par:, of this undue expansion -k'prtet;
speculan-u being created, a demand is mv.i ,-j ou
the banks for the use of their credit, acd yielding to j
the pressure, they respond by the increased issue vs
their notes and by enlarging their discounts. The
extent to w hich the banks have enlarged tneir credit
beyond its proper limits is net to be meaeured'alone
by the amount of their circulation.
At the time the New York city banks suspended .
specie payments in October, they reported a larger
amount of specie in their vaults than their notes in ,
circulation and. notwithstanding this fact, they
were unable to meet the demand of their creditors
promptly with specie, owing to their credit opera
tions under their deposit system. Having extend
ed their own credit, and enabled then- customers to
do the same, they were unprepared for the revul
gfon which came upon them. If it be true that our
embarrassments have been occasioned by the cause
bare assigned, we must look beyond the action of
the banks, to the operations, fit other corporations
as well as individuals, to fathom the entire cause of
our difficui les. The limits of this report will not
admit of a detailed examination of this subject, but j
a solitary illustration will present the subject iu its
proper light. In answer to a circular letter address
•and to the various Railroad corporations ot the coun
try. it appears that the capital of these companies
amounts to $131,135,661. their imlebtericas to ft 17,- i
343,M>4. The annual interest upon the tatter I
sum is fiu5,U93,21U; their anneal income was US
406,488. * ’ :
It Is proper here to remark, that whilst this state !
ment cannot be considered as perfectly accurate, it I
approximate* it sufficiently near for the iiluetratior
•otiny argument. It exhibits tbe extent to which !
this class of corporations has contributed to that ex- !
paneion of eredit which is properly chargeable with
tbe recent revulsion. It is due to a large class of
oar Railroad companies to state that thia excessive
indebtedness is not eqttally distributed among them
Some have conducted tln-ir business with the ut
most propriety and success, whilst others have so
I far exceeded these limits as to present the foregoing
I aggregate result of lUiiro&d operations in the L nited
States.
The undue expansion of credit, which stimulated
in some an undue desire to borrow, and iu others a
willing diepositit n to lend, which engendered
scheme* of improvident speculation, leading to ra
pid fluctuations in prices and habits cf extravagance,
1 regard as the principal cause for the embarrass
ment existing in the commerce of the country. The
only efficient remedy for such evils is to be found in
a re! urn to the prudent courses and steady habitß
which, for a time, were unhappily laid aside. This
government could do but little towards extricating
individuals, corporations or communities from the
pernicious consequences of their extravagant ex
penditure sor ill-conceived enterprises. When cred ■
it baa been extended so far beyond the bounds of
legitimate confidence as to create a revulsion in
trade, occasioning a faii of prices, and a destruction
of private credi., a speedy adjustment of the rela
tions between creditor and debtor by liquidation
and settlement is the surest mode for the restora
tion of the equilibrium. .
Wild and c himerical speculations will thus have
their termination, industry will be better enanied to
realize its sober expectations, and the substantial
interests of society being relieved from the noxious
influence of excitement, overacticn and disorder,
wil! resume their accustomed energy in communt
catir g a healthful and vigorous actl .-lty to the busi
ness of the country. The proper agency of the go
vernment in such a case is to remove whatever lm
pediment may exist to the exertion of the native
fbree of society, and to extract from the experience
thev have gained lessons to be embodied in whole
some and well considered laws to prevent the re-
currence of the evil.
It is evident that the great moneyed corporations
created under the laws of the States have had a
controlling influence in the undue ex; ansion of pri
vate credit. In many of the States theJegislation
in respect to these is stringent, and embodies many
of the safeguards that experience has suggested for
their regulation
But it will not be denied that this legislation has
been nugatory. The State authorities have already
manifested an eager disposition to relieve them
from the penalties they have incurred, and to dis
pense, as far as they were able, with the perfor
mance o! the obligations they had exacted from
them when they were organized. This has been
done, in some cases, without an inquiry into their
condition or management, or their capacity to
resume their position as solvent institutions, or
even to protect the community from a depreciated
paper currency.
In my judgment, the period has arrived for Con
gress to employ the powers conferred by the con
stitution upon it to mitigate the present evil, aria
to prevent a catastrophe of a similar kind in future;
and for this purpose a compulsory bankrupt law, to
include two classes of corporations and companies,
is necessary. It should be a law for the protection
of creditors, not the relief of debtors; to prevent im
proper crekit, not to pay improper debts; com
pulsory, not voluntary.
The two cases which it is now proposed to bring
under the operation of a compulsory bankrupt iaw
are hanks and railroad corporations. The immense j
capital employed by these companies, their corT
(rolling power and influence in the commercial Red*;
business operations of the country, their (its post ifjcq> J
to expand and enlarge their credit, and the ruinfyds
effects produced by their operations
h.yorid i-g.iminte bound*, impose upon * ‘
ment the duty of providing, by every consTiqHßl
al means in their power, for the safe,
legitimate conduct of such corporations. The
which are presented in other portions of this report,
developing the condition and operations of these
two classes or corporations, will fully justify the
policy now recommended. The object is not to in
Jure them, but to protect the community. The
effect wifi be to restrain their oprerations within
proper limits, and thereby insure to the country all
the benefits they are capable of conferring, with
out the accompany.ug hazards of wild speculations
and ruinous rev ulsions.
During this financial crisis and general derange
ment of the currency, the collection and disburse
ment ot the public revenue have proceeded without
loss or embarrassment. The operations of the in
dependent treasury system, in ordinary times, had
been found by experience eminently successful.
The danger of loss from unfaithful and inefficient
officers, the expense of conducting its operations
without the intervention of bank agencies, its dele
terious effects upon commercial progress and gene
ral business of the country —all of which was ap
prehended by the opponents of the measure at the
time of its adoption—have been demonstrated to be
unfounded. It only remained to encounter a com
mercial crisi i like the present to vindicate the justice
and wisdom of the policy against all cause of com
plaint or apprehension. A brief comparison of the
operations of the Treasury department during the
suspension of 1837 and the present time will place
the subject before the public mind in the most satis
factory manner.
If the beneficial effects of the independent trea
sury system, in restraining the banks from extend
ing their credits have not been over estimated, aud
it is confidently believed that they have not, it is
respectfully submitted to public consideration wheth
er the adoption of the same principle by the re pec
tive State governments would uot complete the
work of reform and prevention against bank ;ua
pensions so happily inaugurated and successfully
practised by the general government. The various
State governments now collect annually anout $50.-
000,000. This amount is collected mainly in bank
uutes, and when nut immediately disbursed, is either
kept iu the form of bank notes in the vaults of the
State treasuries or deposited directly with the
banks. Let the several States collect their reve
nues In specie, aud thence is withdrawn from the
banks a stimulant to over banking to the extent of
the facilities now afforded them by this use cf their
notes.
The remarks already made in connection with the
independent treasury of the general government
are here applicable to the tffect that would be pro
duced by such a policy. The collection and dis
bursement iu specie of the revenues of both the gen
eral and State governments, not to speak of the
various city, towu aud country corporations, would
constitute such a demand for specie, at all timee, as
to req .ire its retention in the country. The banks,
knowing that they were liable to furnish their note
holders with this specie, would regulate their issues
accordingly, aud would consequently be restrained
from excessive over issueß, which render suspen
sion of specie payments by them inevitable when
a crisis comes, which require i them to do what they
ought always to be ready to do—pay their debts.
The apprehension that such a requirement by the
State governments would operate oppressively up
on the people, would prove as unfounded as it did in
the case ot the general government. State taxes
are now paid, most generally, in bank notes. These
notes proless to be the representatives of specie
If they are the tax-payer could easily convert them
into specie. If they are not, then they ought not to
be received as stub either by the State governments
or the people. The very object of the law is to
guard against the latter contingency, and thus to
acc.uie to the country a sound paper currency, al
ways convertible into specie.
Under the operation of an independent treasury
system, adopted by each of the States, there would
be no difficulty ill retaining in the country a suffi
cient amount of specie, not only for the purposes of
the government, but also to secure a sound paper
currency. As long, howevef, as the present system
lasts, this result cannot be looked for. One would
suppose that the large increase of gold in the last
few years would have enabled the banks to have
protected themselves against the necessity of suspen
ding specie payments. Such should have been the
case, but it lias not been and will not be until some
policy, such as is here recommended, is adopted,
which will compel them to keep sufficient specie in
their vault to meet their issues. Since the discove
ry olgold in California, in 1849, there has been coin
ed at the mints of the United States the sum of
$ 100,04)0,000, and even a larger amounthas been ad
ded from that source to the gold of the world. At
that time it estimated that there was in the Uni
ted States $120,000,000 of specie. Os that amount
the banks held $ 13,000.000, upon which they issued
a circulation 0f5111,743,415. Their deposits at that
time amounted to $91,178,623. It is estimated that
there is now in tie United States $260,000,0000f
specie, and of this sum the banka have $60,000,-
000; upon which they have i*9ueda circulation of
$214,778,822, and their deposits h ave increased to
$-220,351,362.
It will be seen from this statement that with the
increased quantity of specie in the country, the
banks have only increased their specie from $ 13,-
000,000 to $60,000,000, whilst they have increased
their circulation from $114,743,415 to $214,778,822.
No one supposes that such would have been the
esse if, during this period, the financial operations
of the various State governments had been conduc
ted upou the principles of the independent treasury
system. It is confidently believed that such a poli
cy would have saved the country from the present
bank suspension. If, al the time the general gov
ernment was making its disbursements in specie at
the commencement of the present orisis, the same
operation had been going on from the different State
treasuries, the effect necessarily would have been to
have supplied every demand in the country for
specie, and the banks, already retrained within le'-
gitimate bounds, would have been enabled to
have pursued their usual business without serious
interrupt'on.
Iu this connection, it cannot fail to attract obser
vation, that at the very moment when the general
government, through the instrumentality of the in
dependent treasury system, was meeting, with
promptness, its liabilities of every character, and by
the very act of disbuising its specie funds affording
relief to the banks and country, the State govern
ments, for the want of such a system, were uuable,
with nominally full treasuries, to pay their debts,
and, in the effort to do so, were subjected to the
charge of either paving tbeir liabilities in deprecia
ted currency, or adding to the distress of the coun
try .by their demands upon the banks for specie
funds. These difficulties are the legitimate fruits of
their past policy, and, for the preseut must be en
dured , it will be their own fault if another revul
sion should find them in a like condition.
As an additional restraint upon the tendency of
the banks to over-issue, as web as for the purpose
of keeping an ample supply of specie in constant
circulation, the suppression of all bank notes under
the denomination cf twenty dollars is recommended
to the c ‘usideiation of those under whose jurisdio
tion these State institutions exist.
The sum of $2,500 was appropriated at the last
session of Congress “to enable the Secretary of the
Treasury to cause such experiments and analyses cf
different beds of ore as to test whether any of each
ores, in their native state, possess alloys that will
resist the tendency to oxydize to a greater extent
than others, and to ascertain under what circum
stances they are found, and where in order to faci
litate the proper selections of iron for public works .”
To carry out the object in view, I caused ciroulars
to be sent to all ironmasters whose names could be
ascertained, soliciting specimens of ore and iron,
and oailing for information pertinent to the subject,’
and in compliance with the request, abeady a large
number of specimens have been received and are
being received daily. The specimens are aceompaiu
ed by letters manifesting great interest in the result,
and communicating much valuable information in
relation to the production of iron, which has be-’
come one of the great national industrial interests.
So soon as the specimens are all received and
I arranged, and the information which accompanies
; them has been abstracted and collated, a competent
’ chemist or metallurgist will be employed to make the
experiments and analyses Conclusive evidence
has already been received that a decided difference
in the susceptibility of different irons to oxydize does
exist, and it is hoped that the proposed analyses will
discover the cause. However, should the experi
ment fail in this respect they will at least show the
localities from which the least oxydizable iron can be
. procured. Some idea may b? formed of the impor
tance of being able to discriminate between irons as
to their susceptibility to oxydize,, from the fact that
! ihe quantity used by th gbverment in this depart
ment alone, since January, 1352, exceeds 40,000,000
i peuiids and the navy and war departments mav
; each safely be put down for equal amounts The
use of non capable of resisting ozygen for rigwhur
anchors, cham-plates. sheathing, Ac., in ourcom
meicial marine would be immense
approved February 26 tso~ n ■
taming tie relative value Af*,k POTlde for ascer-
Cnitra States and GreaTlßriuin
. ative value of the unitary ? 1 ’
I appointed Professor J. H. AWiandJr ofßsST**
, commissioner to confer with the prcrier fnrTv”' 6,
in Great Britain in relateitoX&X
so muually arranging, on the decimal basis, twie
! age of the two countries, as that the respective unite
; shall hereafter be easily and exactly commensurable
Professor Alexander is now in London, and 1 expect
the result of his mission will be embodied in a stats
: ment and report from him at an early day, which
j will! be laid before Congress as soon as received.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
Howell Cobb,
Secretary of the Treasure.
Hon. Jong C. Breckinridge, Vice President of
the United States and President of the Senate.
Asaan) Re pert of the Postmaster General.
The following is an abstract of the Postmaster
’ General s Report for the fiscal year ending the 30th
of June last
The total number of pest offices in the United
States on the 30th of June, was 20,586. The total
number of post offices created during the 30 years
: from 1827 to 1847. was but 8,146; the number es
tablished in half that length of time, from 1847 to
! 1857, was 14,444. On the 30th of June. 1827, the
whole number rs poet offices in the United States
was 7000; in 1837.11,767. in 1847, 15,146, and on
j the 30th of June, 1857, 26,586 During the last fis
cal year there have been 1734 offices sstablished.
and 704 discontinued, being a net increase of 1031.
The total number of offices at this time is 2TJ4B of
whioh #6B ar of the ease denominated PreetdsnisaL
The number of poetmastera appointed during the
year was 8680.
The transportation statistics show that on the3oth
June, there were in operation 7,888 mail routes, with
a length of 242,601 miles, of which 22,530 are rail
road lines. The total annual transportation was
74 906,067 miles, costing $6,622,046, giving an ave
rage of about ten cents and five mills a mile by rail
road, and by steamboat about twenty two cents a
mile.’ Tbe increase in the length of mail routes over
the previous year is about 2,059 miles, with an ad
dition of about 9 7 10 per cent, to the annual cost
Toe tabulated results of the news service, to the
20th of September, are as follows—Milee in length,
27 408; miles of annual transportation, 15,454,612;
cost $1,098,749. Compared with the service en the
30th of June last, there appears to be a decrease of
791 miles in the length of routes and 823,034 miles
in the annual transportation, while the cost is in
creased $120,044.
On the 3'Jth of June last there w,re in service 406
route agents, at a compensation of $310,000 ; 45 lo
cal agents, at $28,488, and 1,335 mail messengers,
at $160,425 —making a total of $499,813. This
amount with the increased coat of service, com
mencing Ist of July, under new contracts ($120,044)
added to the cost of service as in operation on the
30th of Jane last, ($6,622,046.) makes the total
amount for the current year, $7,241,903. This is
independent of the coat of ocean mail service.—
There should also be added the estimated cost of
mprovements made since Ist of July last, inclu
ding the San Antonio and San Diego route, $587,-
825.
The net expenditure of the fiscal year ending
June 30, including payments to letter camera ana
for foreign postages, amounted to $11,507,670 16.
The gross revenue for the year 1857, including re
ceipts from letter carriers and from foreign post
ages, amounted to $8,053,951 i 6, being $3,453, 1 18.40
less than the ependiture.
The estimated expenditures for the year 1858
amount to $12,053,243. The means applicable to
defray this Bum amounts only to $10,584,074, leav
ing $1,469 173 to be appropriated from tbe treasury
to defray tbe expenditures of the year 1858, as they
have been authorized by law.
The report again brings under the notice of Con
gress the expediency of adopting a money order
system like that of Great Britain. The amount
transmitted in this way through the British Post
Offices in tbe year 1856 is stated to have been £ll,-
805 562. furnishing a profitable source of revenue to
the English Post Office.
The ccean steamships and foreign mail arrange
ment cf the department may be thus briefly sum
marised
In connection with the Pacific servioe, tbe only
recommendation made by the report is that having
reference to the Pacific Mail Steamship Company.
By its terms the contract with this company for se
mi-monthly service from ABtroria, by San Francis
co, Ac., to Panama, expires cn the Ist of October,
1858, while, under the decision of the Navy Depart
ment, the contract of the connecting lines on this
aide runs until Ist October, 1859. Therefore, to
keep up the connection with the Pacific line, as pro
vided by law, and as orginally contemplated, it will
be necessary to extend the contract on the Pacific
. passe vear ; and as the Pacific Mail Steamship Com
jUgk have performed their services generally in a
( Mb’ creditable and satisfactory manner, the Post
■’ General recommends an appropriation tor
.such extension.
Tito aggregate amount of postage, (sea, inland
on mails transported during the year
steamers of the New York and Liverpool
Balias) line was $210,463 03, which is a heavy de
grease as compared with the amount ($401,57594)
of the previous fiscal year. It should be observed,
however, that tbd*additional allowance to this line
authorized bjt J lflß'iCt of2lstJuly, 1852, having
been termicatiajwmthe 20th of February, 1857, and
six yearly trips dispensed with from and after that
date, twenty’round trips only, instead of twenty
six, as foimejlJ* were performed during the year.
The postages upon mails conveyed by the New
York and Bremen line were $137,754 78, and by the
New York and Havre line $97,950 05; being a de
crease of $5,491 74 by the Bremen, owing to the
fact that much of the time there have been several
foreign otfeamers running and carrying ship letteis
op ’ uni’ Ijne, and an increase of $2,125 02 by the
ch was
(IM2 ‘"I ; April to 30th June,
1857,)
decrease oirefflaipuiiails of $23,453 95 ; on Bremen
mails of $3,?86 m ; and an increase on Prussiaa
closed mails of $27,408.86, compared with the pre
ceding year.
Os tbe amount of postages on mails exchanged
with Great Britain, $574,194 75 was collected in the
United States, and $300,133 30 in Great Britain—
the excess of United States and British postages
thus collected in the United States being $274,061
45. In like manner, an excoss of $95,397 95 of tbe
postages upon mails exchanged with Prussia, andol
$32,494 15 on mails exchanged with Bremen, was
collected in this eouatry.
The gross amount of United States postage—sea
and inland—on mails transported during the year,
was ;
fly the Collins line, (twenty round trips),. $189,456 81
By tie Bremen line, (twelve round trips).. 134,193 81
By the Hsvre line, (twelve round trip*) 90,042 47
The ocean p. .stage’ upon mails conveyed by
the Collins line amounted to 154,445 93
By the Bremen 1ine...... —.............. 84,331 19
By the Havretine..... 75,710 37
The Poßlnl convention concluded aud put in ope
ration during the year were, one with France, in
force Bince the Ist of April, and another with Ham
burg, which went iuto effect on the latof July. The
report states that negotiations are pending for a
radical change of our postal arrangements with
Great Britain ; but as tbe proposition of the British
office, in its present shape, cannot be acceded to,
and as it involves, also, a preliminary agreement
requiring the Amotion of tne treaty making pow
era, definite action upon it has been necessarily
postponed for the present.
On the subject of city posts, the report, after re
capitulating the efforts made to facilitate the receipt
and delivery of letters in New York, Boston and
Philadelphia, recommends a modification of [tl.o
present laws relating to carriers, so as to give tbe
Postmaster General authority to have the delivery
made at one cent a letter, whether the carrier’s re
ceipts are sufficient to meet the expenses or not.—
If the improved system is found to work well in the
three cities above mentioned, the Poßtmaster Gene
ral states it to be his intention to extend it to all
the other principal citieß of the United States.
In regard to the delay of mails on railroads, of
which such frequent complaints are made, the report
states that additional agents have been employed
by the department on the principal lines, to accom
pany mails long distances without changing, and
guard againßt all delays that can possibly be avoid
ed, aud especially to see that passengers enjoy no
advantage over the mails, but that both are equally
expedited under all circumstances.
The- consideration of the measures necessary to
be adopted to ensure greater speed and regularity
in the transmission of the mails between New York
and New Orleans occupies a large space in the re
port. Under the present arrangement, sixteen dif
ferent parties are employed in the service with
separate schedules, each of which must be exactly
complied with to ensure the performance of the
through trips iu contract time. The Postmaster
General, in calling attention to the proposals of the
Florida Railroad Compapy, and to the advantage of
having the whole of the line -under contract to a
single party, with a schedule fixing the period
within which the entire trip should be performed,
observes —
“Upon the question of acoepting the proposals for
this service, considering the uncertainty of the pe
riod at which the railroad portion of the proposed
line will be completed, I have been unaDle, thus
far, to announce to the bidders any definite deter
mination. But the subject is referred to here be
cause it is deemed to be one of vast public interest,
in view of the promise which the contemplated new
arrangement affmds ot so materially facilitating the
communication between the two sections and the
two great commercial capitals of the country ”
From a detailed statement accompanying this re
port of the fines and deductions which were im
posed upon tne contractors for imperfect mail ser
vice during the fiscal year, it appears that these
fines and deductions amount in the aggregate to
$188,746 84. In this amount of $188,776 84 is inclu
ded the sum of $74,598 46, being that portion of the
deductions made from the contractors’ pay on the
New Orleans and Cairo route during the third and
fourth quarters of 1856, which has since been re
mitted to them, in pursuance of the 7th section of
the act of Congress passed on the 3d of March 1857.
The grounds of the decision of the Postmaster
General iu favor of the Southern rente between the
valley of the Mississippi river and San Francisco,
for the conveyance of the overland mails to Califor
nia, are set forth at great length, as are also the rea
sons which decided „the department to acoept the
bids of Messrs. Butterfield A Cos. Although the
route selected does not bear out the glowing de
scriptions given of it by some of its earlier explorers,
the evidence laid before the department led it to
concur in the opinion of Mr. Bartlett, that it presents
more advantages for a great national highway than
any yet discovered to California.
Abstract of the Report of the Secretary of
War.
The report of the Secretary of War commences
with a statement of the numerioal force and condi
tion of the stan ling army of the oouDtry. From this
statement we learn that there are nineteen regi
ments, which are divided into ten of infantry, four
of artillery, two of dragoons, two of cavalry, and
one of mounted riflemen.
The whole strength of the army, as posted, con
sists of about 17,984 men ; and the actual strength
on the first of July last, was 15,764, In addition to
the movements whioh the troops have been called
on to make this year, this force is oalled upon to
garrison 68 forts of a large and permanent character
—so far, at least, as it is possible to supply men for
the purpose—and to occupy 70 posts less perma
nently established, where the presence of a force is
absolutely required. The area over which these
forts and posts are spread embraces a circuit of
about 3,000,000 square miles, aud requires a journey
of many thousand miles to visit the principal ones of
them.
The external boundary of our country, says the
report, requiring throughout a more or less vigilant
military supervision, is 11,1)00 miles in length, pre
senting every variety of climate and temperature,
from the inclement cold of our Canada frontier to
the tropical regions of Southern Texas. But the
occupation of this long line of frontier is a trilling
difficulty in comparison with that of protecting the
double line of Indian frontier, extending from the
Lake of the Woods to the banks of the Kio Grande,
on tbe east side of the Rocky mountains, and from
beyond the river Oregon on the British frontier to
the head of the Gulf of California on the western
slope of those mountains. Superadded to these
lines, requiring to be occupied, are the great lines
of intercommunication between the valley of the
Mississippi and the Pacific ocean, which imperative
ly demand that protection which only the United
States troops can furnish. These lines are very
•long, and are now extremely important, whilstevery
year renders them more and more so. From our
western frontier of settlements to those of Northern
Oregon the distance is abc ft 1,800 miles . from the
same frontier to the settlements of California via
Salt Lake, is 1,800 miles; from the frontier of Ar
‘kansas. at Fort Smith, by Albuquerque or Santa
Fe, to Fort Tejon, is about 1,700 miles ; and from
San Antonio, by El Paso, to San Diego, near tbe
borders of the white settlements, is 1,400 miles: con
stituting an aggregate line of 6,700 miles, which
ought to be occupied, and which we pretend, in
some sort, to keep open and defend.
To render governmental protection to our vast
frontier and great emigration perfect, a very large
augmentation of the army, the Secretary says,
would not be required. Five additional regiments,
he believes, would answer the purpose if properly
posted. A line of posts running parallel with our
frontier, but near to the Indian's usual habitations,
placed at eonvenient distances and suitable positions
and occupied by infantry, would exercise a saluta
ry restraint upon the tribes, who would feei that any
foray by their warriors upon the white settlements
would meet with prompt retaliation upon their own
v home? In addition to this means of defence, there
should be concentrated along our own frontier, at
eligible points, large bodies of efficient horse, all or
any portion of which could, upon the opening of the
spring and the first appearance of grass, march to
punish aggression or repress any spirit of insubordi
nation. These cantonments for cavaliy should be
established at points where corn and hay are abun
dant and cheap. These reasons the Secretary deems
sufficient to warrant an increase of the army—rea
sons which, he says, are supported by the recom
mendations of the General-m-Chief.
of the employment of a portion
nart of t n da during the Spring and early
against the Icdixn. P roee<?Qaon of the war
the Fifth and toe* 0 ?* co , a “* t ® <i mainly of
latter regimen: end the Tenth' The
qnently sent to Kansas est with*S!7 w f ro “dbee
quarters, formed a foice suffic ® t^ ler
of the Governor, to repress ail
to insure tne peace of the Territory ““
Tie Sscretaiy dwells at conaide'rable length anon
the Mormon dimemty, which he sayi has assumed
tn * xri-acrimarj anu important attitude. From the
hour they fixed themselves in the remote and almost
inaccessible territory which they now occupy, and
from which they are now sending defiance against
the sovereign power of the country, their whole plan
he teiis us, ha* been to prepare for a sncoeesful se
cession from the authority of the United States and
a permanent establishment of their own.
They hare practised, he continues, an exclusive
ness unlike any ever before known in a Christian
country, and have inculcated a jealous distrust of
all w hose religious faith differed from their own;
whom they characterised under the general denomi
nation of Gentries They have filled their ranks I
and harems chiefly from the lowest classes of for
eigners, although some parts* of the United States
have likewise contributed to tbeir numbers. They
are now formidable from tbeir strength, and much
more so from the remoteness of their position and
the difficulty of traversing the country between our
frontiers and the Great Salt Lake. This Mormon
brotherhood has scarcely preserved the semblance
of obedience to tbe authority of tbe United States
for some years past; not at al, indeed, except as it
might confer some direct benefit upon them
selves, or contribute to circulate public mouey in
tbeir community. Whenever it suited their temper
or caprice, they have set tbe United States authori
ty at defiance. Os late years, a well grounded be
lief has prevailed that the Mormons were instisating
the Indians to hostili ies egainst our citizens, ana
were exciting among the Indian tribes a feeling of
insubordination and discontent
It has, nevertheless, always been the policy and
desire of tbe federal government to avoid collision
with ibis Mormon community. It has borne with
the insubordination they have exhibited under cir
cumstances when respect for their own authority
iias frequently counselled harsh measures of discip
line ; and this forbearance might still be prolonged,
and the evils rite among them be allowed to work
out their own cure, if this community occupied any
other theatre, isolated and remote from the seats of
civilization, than the one they now possess. But,
unfortunately for these views, their settlements lie
in the great pathway which leads from our Atlantic
States to the new and flourishing communities
growing up upon our Pacific seaboard.
Great care, the report proceeds, had been taken
in preparing for tbe march to Utah, that nothing
should seem t o excite apprehension of any action on
the part of the army in the least conflicting with the
fixed principles of our institut oits, by which the
militai y is strictly subordinate to the civil authority.
The commanding officer was carefully instructed
not to allow any conflict to take place between the
troops and the people of the Territory, except only
in case he should be called upon by the Governor
for soldiers to act as a poiu comitatiu in enforcing
obedience to the laws. In conformity with this sen
timent, and to assure these people of the real in
tention of the movement, an active, discreet officer
was Bent in advance of the army to Utah, for the
purpose of purchasing provisions for it, aud ol as
suring the people of the Territory of the peaceful
intentions of the government. This duty was faith
fully performed ; the chief men ol the fraternity
were assured that no violence was intended toward
them or any one, and that nothing oould be further
from the intention of the government or the army
than to molest any one for religious opinions, how
ever abhorrent they might be to the principles o
Christian morality.
With the subsequent conduot of the Mormons the
reader is already familiar, so that a repetition of it
here is entirely unnecessary. In view of the me
nacing attitude of affairs in Utah, the Secretary re
commends an additional reinforcement of five regi
ments to the force already detailed forservice against
against the Mormons.
The staff of the army is the next subject to which
the report calls attention. One of the greatest er
rors of detail, the Secretary says, is the separate in
dependent character of the Btaff corps, which re
moves them from their proper position as aids or as
sistants to the commander, and constitutes them hie
equals. The defect arising from the uncertain and
itl-defiped rights of brevet rank is also alluded to,
and a remedy called for. Another fault is that of
promotion by seniority, the correction of which the
Secretary urges with much force. Age and experi
ence, he says, should bring excellence, but the test
after all lies in the actual possession of tbe latter,
and not merely in the circumstances which it is as
sumed should produce it. Ail that has been urged
in favor of retaining it, he proceeds, with us, is the
danger of political cr personal favor, governing a
selection. There may be, he adds, danger from this
source ; but, by the rule of seniority, tbe worst offi
cerof any arm must, if he lives, come to be one of
the most important and responsible officers under
the government —the colonel of a regiment. By se
lection, it is possible that the very best may not al
ways be chosen, though the chances are in favor of
this hypothesis ; but certainly the very worst never
will be, and this is surely a gain on the presentrule.
To correct these and other evils, I would urge so
to provide by law for the construction of the regi
ments of horse, artillery and infantry, as to ap
proach them as far as our circumstances require, to
the practice of all nations long experienced in war,
and so as to admit their contraction for peace and
their re-expansion in war without altering this ba
sis. This can be done without any increase of of
ficers or men, or augmentation of expense, by mere
ly arranging those already in service and the com
panies of each oorps to suit the end proposed.
To place the staff in proper relation to tbe rest of
the army, the law should collect all ’the officers do
ing that branch of duty into one corps, to be assign
ed by authority of the President to such duties as
each may ssem to be best fitted for, securing to
each the rank and relative position he now holds.—
But as some staff corps are confined to duties requir
ing special instruction and long experience, their
separate organization might be retained.
To avoid, for the future, the difficulties attending
brevet rank, the best plan is to create, permanent
ly, the general offices now exercised under brevets,
making as many major generals and brigadier gen
erals as the strength of the army requires. This
would afford promotion to many brevet officers of
inferior rank, and thus absorb nearly all.
The objection which bas been urged against the
propriety of separating the purchase ot stores and
supplies and all monied accountability from the of
ficers proper of the army would, the Secretary be
lieves be fully met by providing that this class of
officers, without receiving military rank cr being
entitled to command, should be amenable to mili
tary tribunals, and thus act under the same respon
sibility that the disbursing officer now does. He ex
presses his concurrence with his predecessors in pre
paring for infirm and disabled officers a competent
and tranquil retreat, and for the unworthy a “ sub
stantial dismissal” from the service.
This, he recommends, should be applied in two
ways: First, on the application of the officer; and
second, on the direction of the President, as if on
accusation —a board of five officers of high rank to
be detailed for each case, and the examination to
be conducted as though on charges before a court
martial; the President to decide on the report of
tbe court. The disposal of the officers to be one of
three kinds: First, an honorable release from duty,
and from any corps to which he may be attached ;
remaining as a supernumerary officer, with the pay
and emolumentsof his grade, as on leave of absence.
Second, to be retired from the army, without cen
sure or disgrace, on his pay proper, unless he for
feits it by misconduct. Third, to be retired from
the army, without pay or compensation, except a
gratuity of one year's or six or three months’ pay to
Becure him from tbe evil consequences of absolute
want.
The tone cf the rank and file, says the report
needs elevation extremely, and every means should
be resorted to tending to effect it. If our troops
were massed sufficiently to insure perfect drill and
discipline; if they were made soldiers instead of
day laborers, if a feeling cf pride instead of degra
dation resulted from their connection with the ser
vice, tbe morale of the army, it is believed would
soon take that elevation which is most desirable in
all armies, and which, says the Secretary, certainly
ought to be pre-emiuent in that of a great republic.
The habit of employing soldies as laborers is extrem
ly detrimental to the service. They feel degraded
because they are deprived of both emoluments and
the sturdy independence of the laboring man, who
feels that his vocation is honorable because it is in
dependent and free. The soldier wio enters the
service with some degree of military aspiration, can
but resent as a wrong the order which changes him
from his legitimate vocation to that of a mere ope
rative deprived of his fair wages. He behoves also
that it would conduce greatly to the elevation of
the rank and file if promotion to commission was
made readily and certainly attaintable by tho really
meritorious men in the ranks.
Referring to the subject of a railroad to the Pa
cific, the Secretary says it is the opinion of compe
tent judges that the route from I£l Paso to the Colo
rado, beside being the shortest of ail yet surveyed,
possesses very decided advantages over others in
several important particulars. The consummation
of the project, however, freed from all other difficul
ties, would, he states, require immense Bums of mo
ney and a great length of time ; besides, other mili
tary roads very urgently require special and prompt
opening and occupation. A line of stockade posts
upon two of the proposed routes would furnish safe
and rapid transportation of the mails, and perfect
protection to a telegraphio line from one ocean to
the other.
Two exploring and surveying expeditions have
been fitted out to explore the Northwest beyond the
wateisof the Upper Missouri toward the Black
Hills and the Colorado of the West, both of which
the Secretary entertains stroDg hopes will result iu
discovering the best means by which the transpor
tation of army stores can be effected to the interior
of New Mexioo and Utah.
The employment of the thirty ffve camels for
transportation purposes through the barren and dif
ficult .country of the great mountain range separa
ting the Mississippi Valley from the Pacific ocean is
likely to answer the highest expectations entertain
ed of them for military uses. The feasibility of pro
curing abundant supplies of good water by means
of artesian wells in tracks of oountry, which would
be otherwise impassable, is also adverted to. The
sale of several military reservations has taken
place, under a iaw passed at Ihe last session of
Congress.
The Milifaty Asylum atHarrodsburg, Kentucky,
waß not sold, for tbe simple reason that the price
offered for it was inadequate.
The subject treated of in ths report is that
of a national fouudry, which isstroDgiy recommend
ed as one of the most valuable means of developing
the mineral wealth and resources of the country.—
The arms fabricated in the national armories are
said to be of the most superior quality.
Referring to the national defences, the Secretary
of War says that New York may be considered ae
impregnable from any attack from tbe sea when
the fortifications now in progress shall be finished.
The fortification will be better, the guns heavier
and more numerous than those of Sebastopol.
The interests of the army, it is behoved, would be
promoted if the pensions were put upon the same
footing precisely with those of the navy. Tbe
claims of the volunteers of Oregon and Washington
Territories for their servioes in the Indian wars,
which threatened to lay waste tuoe territories,
have been reported upon by the commission ap
pointed, and the amount fixed is considered just and
fair.
The report concludes with a reference to the busi
ness of the Quartermaster’s department, which, he
says, it is impossible can be performer without
heavy expenditures, in consequence of the great
distances at which our military posts are necessarily
placed from each other and the difficulties of trans
portation in many cases.
Southern Fruit Raising. —There is do branch
of domestic economy more neglected at the South,
than the culture of fruit. It is true, that there is an
awakened spirit among the few. bnt as yet, not
amoDg the masses. The grape is exciting a univer
sal interest, as much for the dessert as for the wine.
There are nurseries, and extensive fruit orchards
springing np in the vicinity of our commercial
towns, which are a credit to the country, and a
source of profit to the proprietors. But this is not
all the country needs. Every proprietor in the
country—every owner of a half acre lot, owes to
himself, his children, and bis country, to plant fruit
trees. Land holders of the South ! cancel the debt
you owe to posterity this present fall. Yon should
Giant this fall at least cne million fruit frees. The
irge planter should plant the apple, pear, peach,
grape and fig, not only for his white family, but for
his negroes. Ripe fruit, in its season, is cheaper
and healthier than bacon. Even tbe email proprie
tor may have fruit trees enough to save much of the
expense of living. Say not that yonr soil does not
suit the apple, pear, peacu or grape, for on a small
scale, you may make a soil to suit any of them.—
This is the great advantage yon have over those
who never read. You may all grow peaches ss well
as Moses, or cherries as well as Peters, or strawber
ries as well as Peabody, or grapes as well as Axt, if
you will but study how to do it.
The smallest farmer among you thir ks it no labor
lost, or time misspent, to study bow he may best
fatten bis pig. He does cot think of building a pen
for his pig, and then feeding him on shucks and
water, but he studies out and experiments with that
food which will produce the greatest amount of
pork. Now, if we will diveet ourselves of the er
roneous idea that fruit is but an article of luxury,
and not of food, and look at it in the true light in
which God designed it, we shall find it as much to
our interest to study what will feed a fruit tree, as
what will fe£d a hog. There can be no excuse for
any family being without fruit. There are reliable
nurseries all around os. The fig and grape grow
so rapidly from the cuttings, and the apple and
peace from the seeds, that any family, no matter
bow poor, may have an orchard.
Oar mission is, to encourage the production of
good fruit among the masses, and when we see
every householder in th’ land sitting tinder his own
vine and fig tree, we shall feel that we have accom
plished our mission.
Convicted. —James Thompson, who on Friday
night last killed John J. Calhoun in this city, was
yesterday tried in our Superior Court for murder;
Ibe jury [which we believe was the most intelligent
we have ever seen set on a criminal trial,) after be
a - .^ ew minutes returned a verdict of
f ‘** ‘“deed summary justice, in lees than
occurred*“J r “ nr d*rt tbe trial and conviction, has
Nathan Clifford, of Maine, formerly United StAt**
Attorney General, has been nominated to the sea*
on the bench of the Supreme Court made vacant
resignation of Justioe Curtis of Massaohu
WEEKLY
Cjjronitle # Sentinel.
AUGUSTA, GA.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, DEC. 16, 185*.
SUSPENDED BANK BILLS
AT PAR.
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will fake the bills of the following suspended Banks
AT PAH, for any indebtedness to this office, or for
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All the Banks in Augusta and Savannah.
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Alt the Banks in South Carolina.
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On the 4th of November, we submitted through
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pecially designed:
Pat up or Quit. —The pressure of the times
has forced upon us the necessity of devoting
much of our time and attention recently to
several hundred of our fast friends, those who
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but who, unfortunately for our interest and
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—so decidedly stoic, that many of them do not
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fore, been making out tbeir bills aud enclosing them
to their address, accompanied by the following
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‘ Sir: The above bill shows your indebtedness to
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three months from the date of the expiration of the
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this bill is upon your honor. If that reliance fail,
the money is lost to me. If, therefore, the bill be
not paid in thirty days after you receive this, I shall
discontinue the paper. My necessities require me
to speak plainly, and I have not hesitated to per
form my duty to you and myself in tills respect.
“Respectfu ly, . W. S. Jones.
ty Bills of all specie paying and solvent Banks
received at par. All money mailed iu Registered
letters is at my risk.
” “Augusta, Ga.’’ .
This is very plain talk certainly, and we hope will
be so received by all to whom it is addressed; for
we say precisely what we ineaD, and what we in
tend to do. Perhaps some over sensitive gentle
men, who have had our paper fur years without
paying a cent, may feel offended. If so, all we
have to say is, pay your bills, and you may remain
in an ill-humor the balance of your days for aught
we care ; for we have no use for and do not want
subscribers who do not pay us punctually and
promptly; and the sooner we get clear of all those
who have no regard for punctuality the better. We
shall therefore commence in December the work of
eracing the names of all those who do not pay us,
to whom this circular bas been sent.
: We hope those of our friends to whom we have
not yet forwarded this circular, will not feel slighted
by the delay; and we beg to assure them, that we
will pay our repects to them at the earliest possible
day ; as we are determined to purge our lists of such
subscribers as do not pay us punctually. That
done, we shall have a class of subscribers who will
pay us promptly, and we shall be relieved of tbe dis
agreeable necessity of dunning.
The thirty days have now elapsed, and we shall
proceed to purge our list, by erasing the names of
all those to whom the circular was sent, who have
not responded. This is, therefore, the last paper
that will be sent to their address ; and we desire to
notify those who will be thus erased, that as soon as
we can poes bly do so, we shall make up their ac
counts and publish a complete list of them, for their
information, as this course will save us the expense
of enclosing their bills a second time by mail.
In taking leave of them, we desire to say to each
and all, iu all sincerity, we regret exceedingly, that
our appeal to their sense of honor aud moral honesty
produced no happier effect on our puree. They
may have the cousolat ion, however, if consolation
it be,*of knowing, that they are in the same cate
gory with thousands of their fellow men, who like
them, have had the fruits of our labor and money,
without compensating us therefor. If they call this
moral honesty, the less of it that obtains in the
country the better, we think.
To those who promptly responded—we desire to
make our acknowledgments for their tardy but
even handed justice. Some of them, in the spirit of
true-hearted, honest gentlemen, thanked us cordial
ly for reminding them of their indebtedness—others
apologised, and promised to do better in future—
while a few, a very few, felt quite indignant, and
expressed their indignation by paying their bills
aud stopping their paper. We thank these for pay
ing their bills, aud assure them most sinoerely, we
are glad to get clear of them, unless they would
do better in future. Wo hope, therefore, they will
not again assume the same relation to us until they
have acquired some more regard for punctuality.
The Southern Cultivator.
The attention of all those who are interested in
the progressive improvement of Agriculture and its
kindred branches of industry, and this includes all
men of all classes, is invited to the Prospectm of the
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR, the Sixteenth
Volume of which commences in January, 1858.
To those who have seen and read its well filled and
instructive pages, we need offer no word of com
mendation of its merits or value, to every man who
cultivates a Garden or rears a tree, either for orna
ment or its fruit, a shrub, a floweror a vine, in short,
every man who has a family, we need offer no word
of commendation, for ail such fully appreciate its
worth. It is, therefore, to those who have not been
so favored, that we would commend the Culti
vator a3 a most valuable work—one that should be
in the dwelling of every man who keeps a house
and consults hie ease and comfort in liviDg. In
short, it is tbe very best investment that any such
man can make of a dollar. Thus believing, we
pledge ourself to any man who tubscribes for it,
and reads the twelve numbers carefully; if he dons
not, at the end of the year, consider himself abun
dantly compensated for his dollar, we will return
him the mouey.
Persons who wish the work, can procure it by
enclosing the cash to the Publisher. See Prospectus.
Bank of Hamburg.
The attention of the reader is directed to the
statement of the condition of the Bank of Hamburg,
which we publish to-day.
Yesterday, we copied from e Charleston Courier
a condensed statement of the Banks of South Caro
lina, for the month of November, in which there
was no report of the amount of exchange held by
the Banks, a very impoclant item in their assets.
President Moran, of the New York Erie Road,
has addressed a circular to the heads of every de
partment in the employ of the company, informing
them that the Board of Directors have warned him
to reduce the wages of all persons in their employ,
and the reduction is to be made as large is possible.
President Moran’s salary is $25,000 a year, and is
supposed to admit of a slight reduction.
We doubt not a much superior and better man
for the duties, could be obtained for one-tenth of the
sum ; but kissing goes by favor in some corpora
tions, and the interests of the majority are sacrificed
by the intriguing few, who desire to give a fat
office to a favorite. It is no wonder that Northern
Railroads are in such an embarrassed condition,
when a President is paid twenty-five thousand dol
lars per annum! If the officers pocket good divi
dends, what care they whether the stockholders
ever get a dividend 7
Congress. —Neither House of Congress was in
session Friday or Saturday—the Senate and House
both having adjourned over till Monday. The
Speaker of the House will announce the Commit
tees to-day, and it is presumed that the business of
the session will then progress with vigor.— Rich.
Disp.
If the past history of Congress, for the last de
cade, afford an index to the future, this is certainly
“a most violent presumption, ’’ and wholly unauthor
ized by any portion of the previous conduct of that
body. Perhaps, however, the change in the syetem
of pay, may make some difference ; if it does not,
the government has been most effectually robbed
by those, to whom tbe people look, to have its oof
fers protected.
Augusta Insurance and Banking Company.—
Messrs. Wm. M. D’Antignac, Edward Henkell,
L. Hopkins, 8. D. Linton, and Z. McCord, were
yesterday unanimously elected Directors of the
Augusta Insurance and Banking Company, and at
the meeting of the Board Wm. M. D’Antignac was
re-elected President.
Accident on the Georgia Knilrond.
The down passenger train on the Georgia Rail
road did not arrive until a late hour last night, be
ing detained, as we learn, by tbe collision of two
freight trains about seventeen miles from the city.
The leading freight train was gomg up a heavy
grade in the road, when one of the couplings parted,
and the cars ran back into the train which was
Allowing, breaking up the rear cars and damaging
the engine considerably. No one injured.
Change of Nchrdnleto Washington.
On and after Monday next, December 14, the
Schedule on the Washington Branch Railroad will
be as follows;
daily, scsdats excepted.
Washington 7 55 A
On Mondays an Extra train leaves Washington
at 1.45 evening, and connects with the down day
passenger train fro.u Atlanta, and returning to
Washington at 5.45 evening.
Combination Among Hog Druvers. —The Hog
drovers in Columbus have entered into a combina
tion not to sell their hogs at a lees price than ton
cents net, and that unless they can obtain that
price for them, they will bacon them up, and run
tbe ri-k of the bacon market next summer. Tbe
Sun says that the citizens “should retaliate by re
fusing to buy their hog* at any price, r barge them
three times the market value for cirn. salt and pro
visions, refuse to rent them houses at any price to
pack away their meat, if they should determine
to bacon it, and determine that we will not buy
their bacon at any price at any lime, however great
our necessities may be.”
Another drover arrived on Thursday with a lot of
bogs, which he was offering at 8[ cents net, not
withstanding the threats by the combination that
“if he Bold for less than 10 cents they would make
him rue it,” meaning that they would undersell
him.
Fugitive Slaves in London. —Two colored girls,
who alleged they were fugitive slaves from Ken
tucky, were recentlyiarrested in the streets of Lon
don for begging. It appears they could obtain no
employment, end were in a destitute condition.—
They escaped from Kentucky to Philadelphia, and
there embarked for England.
Launch oe a Propeller for the New York
and Satannah Line. — The steamer Huntress for
the Cromwell line of New York and Savannah
steamers, was to be launched from the Weetervelt
shipyard, foot of Houston street, Esst River, on
Thursday afternoon last, at o’cloek.
The Freshet in Tennessee— Damage !• the
Railroads*
We make the following extract from the letter
of a gentleman in Chattauooga to the Editor :
Chattanooga, Dec. 11, 1857.
PaEseF. K ers for Memphis. Nashville, tee., who had
been detained here since Monday, nawtly (sot off in
a chartered steamer yesterday at noon for Bndßport
■ Decatur, See.— some few preferred t° wait for the
wagon. Those who have arrived siuce by the State
Road are obliged to lay over. Runners who were
sent down the road to ascertain what are the ditti
culties, report an unusual mountain slide at Raccoon
summit, an obstruction at Cross Hollow, and a par
tial derangement of trestle-work at the approach to
Running Water bridge ; beyond that point we hear
of one of the Crow creek bi idges being washed on,
some say two, and beyond Ciow creek, Anderson s
depot, we have no report. All of these points are
on the Nashville Road. A small trestle bridge on
the Memphis Road, near Huntsville, was reporteu
washed up on Monday, since which date we have
no news from that Road, our latest news from
Memphis being Sunday morning. „ ,
Our Postmaster forwarded the mails for Haah
ville and Memphis by the sisamer James Williams
yesterday. The river at this point is about Beven
feet of the extreme height of 1854, and rising at the
rale of au inch an hour. Some ot the river men say
it will rise until Sunday, but I thiuk it is near is
height. It is not supposed that great damage nas
been done. Trains of cars will leave to-morrow,
and it is believed will be enabled to get through a
far as Stevenson. The steamer Lookout is hourly
expected, and it is hoped will bring up passeDgers,
.mails, Ate., from Decatur and Bridgport, and wll
continue to ply between these ports. If any serious
damage exists below Stevenson, it must be a weea
or ten days before any traius can run through.
South Cnrolinn Bank*.
The following condensed statement, exhibits the
oondition of the Banks of South Carolina. If an
early resumption be attempted in that State, quite
a number of them will be compelled to wind up :
Banks. |Discounts! Deposits! Specie! Circa n.
State So. Carolina, 1,740,799 383,131 40,110 1,545,413
Br Bank at Coin's 943,854 190,333 2.95 b
Br. Bk at Camd n 281,180 0.434 200
S. W. R. R. Bank 548,450 180.374 28,311 284 805
PL & Mech’s Bk. 756,224 188,885 61,994 104.-8-
Union Bank 595,529 144 844 81,785 1.8,407
State Bank So. Ca. 438,498 38,548 65,0,9 188,995
Bank of So. Ca... 899,8 t 171,549 17,376 135,817
B'k of Charleston. 1,799,664 ‘ , ‘40’731 -'<9,j67 >
Par. * Ex. Bank. 671.9t)8 IW.bU 34,915 507,070
Bank of Hamburg 187,566 125,322 45'78-1 ® >
Com l. B'k, Coi’a.. 626,930 76.11, 80,783 235,845
Bk of Newberry.- 114.909 49,7 0 31,990 Job.lo.
PI B'k, Fairfield.. 63.380 34,710 6,961 423,5a0
Ex. B'k, Colombia £89,649 203,184 17,79-- 351 818
Mer. Bk, Cheraw 139,966 6,186 23,784 198,87
Bank of Chester.. 150,845 34,60 l 6,1391 28>.|30
Bank of Camden.. 192 288 37,280 11,4111 J 53,8%
Peoples’ Bask.... 430 37.4 83,448 27,833. 476 480
B'k of Georgetown 167,814 47,68- 38,-98| 16. ,630
Total 11,004 51712,707, 733 1902,59116,297,835
Gold Discovery. — We have been kindly per
mitted, says the Dahlonega Mountain signal, to
make an extract from a letter from Judge Ducan,
of Arkansas, to a friend in this county, in which he
speaks flatteringly of a gold discovery, recently
made, in the neighborhood of the Rocky mountains,
by au euterprising company from Arkansas. Mesers.
Beck and Crombie, alluded to, were formerly of
this county, and are not only reliable men, but mi
ners of the first character. We have long thought
that the section alluded to was rich in minerals.
founded upon the fact that some of our own citizens
found specimens of gold while on their route to
California, in 1852. Below we give the extract:
Saline Dist., Ark , Sept. 21,1857.
I was at Court last week where a great excite
ment took place. One of the Becks, who went out
to the Rocky mountains last spring, and was gone
about three months, with Youug Crombie and
others, returned about the Ist of August with a
specimen of the precious metal gathered from the
surface of the earth, near the base of the mountains.
I am inform id that the prospecting they done was
by no means perfect. There were so many wild
Indians that they thought it best not to remain long
at one place; but in their travels stopped a great
many times and washed a panful or two, and fouud
some invariably where they washed, both from the
surface away from the Btreams, aa well aB in the
streams. lam told by those who have been to Cal
ifornia, that the Rocky mountain mines must be
richer, from ail appearance, than that ever was.—
The country is extensive, and, as far as it has been
explored, has all the indications of a rich mining
country —indeed, a great daal more so than Califor
nia; the soils, timber, slam, flint rock and quartz
are in abundance. After digging under the surface
a short distance, a cement is found, the depth of
which has not been ascertained. That whi h was
shown at the Court House last week, I examined
good ; it appears to be of the hominy kind, indica
ting coarse gold in the mines, rather than that fine,
scaly sort we sometimes find in miniDg—that we
used to call drifted suow. The man that found it,
said he washed it from one panful of dirt. I guess
ed it to be worth about ten cents. I understood
that a band of wild Indians came into the settle
ments on our frontier not long since, aud had a tine
chance of the yellow stuff with them, and said it
was plenty where they got what they had. If the
fever rages next spring as high as it does now, there
will be a great many go from this part of the coun
try. ********
Mr. Wadley, for many years the efficient Su
perintendent of the Central Railroad was induced
to resign his official control of that Road and take
charge of a Road in Louisiana. Mr. McTyere, edi
tor of the New Orleans Christian Advocate, in a
recent letter from Brandon, Miss., thus notices the
operations of Mr. Wadley on the Road which he
now superintends :
Along the N. O. & G. N. railroad the talk was
about the new Superintendent, Mr. Wadley, who
has just been put on. He is a Napoleon in his way.
The Company have long been tryiDg to draw him
from Georgia ; they give him a salary of $12,000
per annum, and put all things under him. Before
he had been in office a fortnight ho brought down
the list of employees, hauds, and hangers-on, from
450 to 180, and haß the work done better. I am told
that if he stops at the present retrenchment, he will,
even at his high salary, save the company $40,000
a year. Every man along the route trembles in his
shoes ; his head may go next. But Wadley will
not stop there, I opine. Besides setting adrift a
host of parasites and placemen, who eat up the
profits of such institutions and are in each other’s
way, he will improve time, promptness, and Bafety
in transportation, and that will improve business.
American Party.—A public meeting, we are
authorized to say, says the Southern Recorder of
Tuesday, will be held on Wednesday evening, the
10th inst., in the Representative Hall in this city,
at which the Hon. B. H. Hill and other distinguished
speakers are expected to be present. All persons
friendly to the principles of the American Party are
invited to attend and take a part in the proceedings
—consult and 00-operate for the good of the coun
ty-
Enolish and American Missionaries Killed
in India. —The following is a list of the missionaries
known to have been killed since the commencement
of the mutiny:
Rev. W. H. Haycock, Cawnpore, Propag. Soc.
Rev. H. Cockey, “ “
Rev. J. E. Freeman, Futteghur, Am. Pres. Mis.
Rev. D. E. Campbell, “ “
Rev. A. O. Johnson, “ “
Rev. R. Macmulliß, “ “
Rev. T. Maekay, Delhi Bap. Mis. Soc.
Rev. A. R. Hubbard, “ Propag. Soc-
Rev. R. Sandys, “ “
Rev. R. Hunter, Sealcote, Scotch Kirk
Rev. J. Macoallam, Shokjehanpore,AdditCl'gy|
Ladies and children killed—Mrs. Haycock, Mrs.
Cockey, Mrs. Freeman, Mrs. Campbell, with two
children,- Mrs. Johnson, Mrs. Mackmullin, Mrs.
Hunter, Mrs. Thompson, of Delhi, widow of Rev.
T. Thompson ; Mias Thompson, Miss Grace Thomp
son. The mission property destroyed is esti
mated at the value of £70,800. Os this heavy
loss, by far the greater portion falls upon the Eng
lish Church Missionary Society, and the American
Presbyterian Mission. The former losses £32,000,
and the latter £20,000.
“Order of the Red Eagle.”— Dr. Charles T.
Jackson, of Boston, has had confirmed upon him by
the King of Prussia the cross of Chevalier of the
Red Eagle, in token of appreciation of the services
which he has conferred upon humanity, as well as
science by his discovery of amcthesia by ether.—
This is the fourth order of merit which he has re
ceived for the same cause, besides one gold medal.
The cross of Chevalier of the Red Eagle sent to Dr.
Jackson is of solid silver, and is of the Maltese form.
It bears in the centre, on obverse, the figure of the
Red Eagle, with shield on breast and a wreath of
laurels in bis talons, this being executed in fine col
ored enamel. On the reverse the crown of Prussia,
over the initials of Frederic William, the King.—
The cross is suspended on a white ribbon, bordered
with a broad stripe of cinnamon color.
Debt of the United States.— The United
States on the lid of March last owed $30,043,000.
From the 3d of March to the 30tb of June she re.
deemed $983,000 of her stock. From the Ist of July
to the 12th of October she redeemed $3,711,000. —
Since that time she has paid off about $150,000 of
her debt. The present debt may, therefore, be said
to be $25,150,000. Os this sum about one-half, or
$12,460,000, is held by foreigners. It is likely,
moreover, that the foreigners will continue to hold
this stock, for there is none better.
Histort of a Cannon Ball. —The Portland
Standard saye —At the commencement of the ac
tion on board the President frigate, a ball (an 18
pound Bhot) from the Belvidere came over the waist
cloths of the President, and such was the force of
the ball that it actually cat off, without throwing
down, the muzzle of several of the muskets (left
there by the marines) from six to eight inches in
leng h, killed one marine, took off the wrist of one
of the midshipmen, Mr. Montgomery; killed an
other, Mr. Bird, together with the quarter gunner;
and finally lodged upon the deck and was taken
below by the narrator of this and shown to the
lieutenant, Mr. Dallas, who took it in his hand and
wrote on it with a piece of chalk, “Cousin, I have
received your present, and will return it again
clapped it in the gun himself, and fired the piece;
and it is a remarkable fact that it actually killed
several of the officers and men on the Belt idere,
and finally lodged in the cabin of that vessel, and
was afterwards hang up in the Bslvidere’s cabin-as
a globe daring the war.
Banta Claus Stofped Payment. —The Schenec
tady Star mentions a sad and really painful rumor
which is working its way into our poorer circles,
and which, for the sake of “ Young America’’ it is
earnestly hoped is false. Says the Star :
“ Uis said that Santa Claus—the jolly old fellow
whom even we nsed to love so well—has, with a
large portion of the business world, fallen—failed!
His carriage, his tiny reindeer, that we heard once
every year, all through the short apron period, even
his short pipe, have been taken by bis unfeeling
creeditors, and of his trinkets there is scarcely any
left. Poor Santa ! we wonder if adversity has
robbed his cheek of the flash of health, or destroy
ing the rotundity of his ‘little round belly V We
wonder how he will climb upon the roof Christmas
eve night, and bow he will carry the dolls for the
girls and the whistles and what-nots for the boys
without breaking them. He cannot go the usual
tounds with his usual speed, that is certain, and we
hope those who are disappointed will not think of
themselves, but pity poor Santa Claus, and blame
Hard Times only. There will be many stockings
bung up in vain this year, and sorrow will drop from
eyes that have been bright with gladness on many
a Christmas morning. May Santa Claus do hu
best to serve all who are looking for him—and we
helieve he will.”
Cheer up, man . Santa Claus is'only sleeping,
and not dead—wounded by the Hard Times, and
not killed. We predict for him a Christmas, on the
whole, eueh as we have not had for many years.
The banks of Boston had in their vaults on Satur
day, $4,260,000 in specie, an increase of $61,000
over the amount one week previous. The Boston
papers look upon this as an encouraging omen as
to the future resumption of epeoie payments.
A dentist named E. Osgood was cowhided at Bos.
ton on Friday last, by Samuel S. Jeffords, for at
tempting to kiss his wife while performing an ope
ration on her teeth
New HooLt.
Travels and Disci veries in North and Cen
tral Africa. Being a Journal of an Expedi
tion undertaken under the auspices of H. U. M.’s
Government, in the years 1849-'55. By Henry
Baryh, Fellow of the Royal Geographical and
Asiatic Societies. In three volumes. New York:
Harper & Brothers.
The second volume of this handsome woi k has
just been issued by the Harpers. Asa bock of
travel, adventure, and interesting information, it is
deserving a prominent place in every well stored
library. It is a large, elegantly finished work, filled
with illustrations of a style of execution almost equal
to steel engravings. It is written in the form of a
daily journal, aad the interesting nature of the
work will at once commend it to the attention of
those who sre partis’, to works of travel. It is Be
oond in interest only to “Dr. Livingstone’s Ex
plorations in South Africa.’’
For sale by Thos. Richards Sl Son.
The Spanish Conquest in America, and its |rela
tion to the History of Slavery and to the Govern
ment of Colonies. By Arthur Helps. Three
volumes. New York: Harper &, Brothers.
The third volume of this work, just issued, com
pletes the series. The author, in an advertisement,
takes occasion to say that his object in investigating
this portion of history being different from that of
other authors, he has made no allution to any kin
dred works of modern writers on the same subject.
It is, nevertheless, simply a historical production,
and as such, is not without interest.
For sale by Thos. Richards &. Son.
The Hasheesh Eater. Being passages from the
life of a Pythagorean. New York: Harper Sc
Brothers.
“Hasheesh’’ is au opague, greenish resin, secreted
by the hemp plaut under a warm, sourthern sun. It
has long been known among the nations of the East
as possessing powerful stimulant and narcotic pro
perties, and throughout Turkey, Persia aud India,
is at this day used among all classes of society as
an habitual indulgence. It is used in various forms;
sometimes taken in its natural state, sometimes
made into a deooction, and sometimes the dried
plaut 1* smoked in pipes or chewed, as tobacco
among ourselves. Used in whatever form, it is
ehaimcteriaed by the most remarkable phenome
non, loth physical and mental. The first experi
ment of the narrator was made simply from the
promptings of curiosity ; he then details the gradual
change of his motive from its employment, from the
desire of research to the fascinated longing for its
immeasurable exstacy, until it became a torture
which swallowed up happiness altogether, without
abating in the least the fascination of the habit.—
The work will be found novel aud interesting.
For sale by Thos. Richards & Son.
Life Studies, or “How to Live.” By Rev- John
Baillie, author of “Memoirs of Heniston,” Sc c.
New York. Harper & Brothers.
A little volume of sketches of the lives of Bun
yan, Fresteegan, Montgomery, Perthes, and Mrs.
Winslow. A careful perusal of them may lead to a
more earnest study of the models themselves.
For sale by Thos. Richards Sc Son.
Darkness in the Flowery Land ; Or Religious
Notions and Popular Superstitions in North Chi
na. By the Rev. M. Simpson Culbertson, of
the Shanghai Mission of the Board of Foreign
M’Bsions of the Presbyterian Church. New
York: Charles Scribner.
The subject of this work presents a wide field of
inquiry, hitherto but partially explored. The writer
presents a picture of Chinese religion iu its every
day dress, as it appears in its practical woiking
among the common people. A residence of eleven
years in China has enabled the author to gather up
many facts and circumstances illustrative of the re
ligious opinions and practices of the people. Many
of the facts mentioned are new, and have been
drawn chiefly from the writer's own observation.—
The object of the book is to promote the work Os
missions among the Chinese, by presenting such in
tor;n&tion as is calculated to awaken a deeper in
terest in their behalf.
For sale by Geo. A. Oates & Bro.
Get Money. By Mrs. Tuthill, author of “Tip
Top.” “ Queer Bonnets,” Ac. New York : Chas.
Scribner.
Avery singular title for a very pleasing little
work, more suited, however, to the reading capaci
ties of young folks than those of maturer years, but
containing some useful lessons and interesting por
traitures of character for the consideration of all
classes.
For Bale by Geo. A. Oates & Bro.
Merchants’ Meeting in Columbus. —At an ad
journed meeting of the Merchants of Columbuß, as
sembled at Temperance Hall on Tuesday evening,
11. S. Estes was called to the Chair, and James A.
Girdner appointed Secretary.
The meeting being organized, on motion of James
Hamilton, Esq., that a Committee be appointed by
the Chair, to report business for the consideration
of the meeting, the following gentlemen were ap
pointed :
J. F. Hudson, J. H. Daniel, J. Hamilton, Peter
Freer, D. L. Booher, F. C. Johneon, G. L. McGough,
J. W. Hodges, U. U. Camak, J. Ennis, J. J. Mc-
Kendree, C. C. Cody, Joseph Kyle, R. A. Ware,
H. W. Nance and John G. Winter.
The above Commtitee, after retiring and delibe
rating upon the matter before them, reported
through James Hamilton, Esq , the following pre
amble and resolutions, as the views of fourteen of
their number, Messrs. John G. Winter and R. A.
Ware dissenting to the two first resolutions :
Whereas, The action of the Legislature upon the
Banking interests of the State involves greatly the
commercial welfare of Columbus; and whereas,
the bill which has passed the Senate falls very far
short of affording proper protection to our mercan
tile interests, be it therefore
Resolved, That we hereby request our Represen
tatives to urge, as amendments to the Bill now pend
ing before the Legislature, to require the Banks and
their Agencies to furnish for their own notes sight
exchange on New York, at not exceeding 1 per cen
tum premium or coin at the option es the Bank,
limiting the requieition to the legitimate wants of
applicants, and not for resale or speculation.
Resolved, That the Ranks should be required to
resume specie payments within thirty days after a
general resumption of specie payments on the part
of the Banks of the city of New York.
Resolved, That some meaus be adopted whereby
all foreign agencies be subjected to the same res
trictions ana obligations as our own State Banks
and agencies.
On motion, the resolutions were read separately
and adopted.
In the Senate of Tennessee, on the 4th instant,
the House bill to incorporate Lynnwood Landing
Company was taken up.
Mr. Bullen moved to amend the bill by adding
the personal liability and other stringent clauses.
Mr. McConico moved to amend the amendment
of Mr. 8., as follows :
“And provided further, that they shall gnaw a
file aud flee unto the mountains of Hepsidam where
the lion roareth and the whang-doodle mourneth for
for its first-born.”
The whang-doodle and other amendments were
rejected, and the bill passed its first and second
reading.
Dangerous Counterfeit. —A new counterfeit
$5 on the Bank of the Old Domion, of Alexandria,
is in circulation. It is well engraved, but the signa
ture of the State Treasurer is bad, and in the word
“Treasurer” au a occurs where the u ought to be,
Fires. —A petition is being circulated amongst
the citizens of Savannah, to be presented to the
Legislature, asking them to make it the duty of
some officer to examine into the cause of every fire.
‘The plan has been adopted in some of the Northern
cities, and works satisfactorily.
Executive Appointment.—Gov. Brown has ap
pointed Col. Henry, G. Lamar, Judge of theOo
mulgee Circuit, vice Hon. A. P. Powers, resigned.
George Johnson, Thomas Nichols and John Burk,
wagoners, were murdered on the Plains, near the
North Platte, on the sth day of September, by a
party of Indians. One Indian was killed, and
several wounded in the fight.
Mount Vernon.—TheClarkeeville(Tenn.)CAron
icle says : The ladies of our town are working very
zealously in the Mount Vernon cause. They held a
meeting last week, and appointed oommittees to
visit every quarter of the town, and solicit dona
tions ; and we learn that they have so far succeed
ed very well.
Earthquake in Viroinia. —A slight shock of
an earthquake was fe.t in Lewisburg, Greenbrier
county, Va., about 10 o'clock on Thursday night.
The same moment a very large landslide took plaoe
on the Greenbrier river, near Edgar’s Mill. The
Chronicle says that the whole end of a mountain
gave way and was precipitated into the valley and
river below.
The U. S. Treasury. —lt is said that the state of
the U. S. Treasury is such that it must have relief, or
become bankrupt, by the Ist of January. An im’
mediate issue of treasury notes to the extent of a
sum not exceeding a given amount, say six millions,
may be authorized.
The Weather in lowa, —A letter dated Clay
tonoounty, lowa, Nov. 2b, says:—The Mississippi
closed in on the night of Thursday, 19tb, and persons
crossed the next morning, Wednesday, the 25th,
thermometer 15 deg, below zero; good sleighing.
In Minnesota, one hundred miles northwest from
this place, snow one foot deep, and the thermom
eter, 25th inst., 30 degs. below zero.
The Daily Times, probably on the authority of
Governor Walker himself, denies that that gentle
man ever promised to call a special session of the
Legislature of Kansas, provided the members would
pledge themselves not to take up any other subject
than the Le comp ton constitution, as he is reported
to have done. It is added that up to the time Os
Governor Walker’s leaving the territory, the free
soil leaders were by no means agreed among them
selves as to the expediency of an extra session.
The New York Journal of Commerce states that
Mr. Belmont, who has been spoken of in connection
with a foreign mission, has recently purchased a
furnished residenee in that city, in the Fifth avenue,
adjoining Dr. Alexander’s Church, for $125,000.
The latest advices from Constantinople announce
the death of Mrs. Hamlin, wife of Rev. Mr. Hamlin,
Missionary of the American Board, now stationed
at Bebex.
The Hon. Peter Parker, late United States Com.
miseioner to China, came passenger in the steam
ship Baltic, which arrived at New York on Mon
day.
The High Shoals Factory was sold at public sale
at Watkinsville on Tuesday and brought only $23,-
000. The original cost of the establishment, we un
derstand, was upwards of $60,0001
The U. 8. steam frigate Powhatan having on
board Ex President Pierce and lady, sailed from
Norfolk on Saturday. After landing the distinguish
ed’passengers at Maderia, the Powhatan will proceed
to join the East India squadron.
Five negroes have been sentenced to be hung at
Natchez, Miss.,—three for murdering their over
seer, Duncan R. Skinner, and the other two for the
murder of their overseer, F. W. Mcßride.
From Lake Superior. —The Lake Superior Up
per Peninsular Advooate of Nov. lltb states the
shipments of copper from Ontonagon during the
season 0f1857, to be 5,290 tons 1,4*2 Ibe—valued
by the Advocate at not less than one million of
dollars
For the Chronicle -V Scntiml.
Tire Stole Hoad n mi the Omnibus IS ill.
“The preference in the purchase of stork should
be given to the people of Georgia wliobo labor and
money have built the road. Let books be open in
every county iu the Stato on the snnio day, givi:. ‘
ev ry citizen an opportunity to purokas-c ike stock,
aud prohibiting every wealthy capitalist from taking
more than a reasonable amount, to be fixed by the
legislature, till all have had a fair epponui ity to
subscribe. This gives the man of little means to
purchase but a single share a fair chance to invest
if he chooses to do so.
“In my judgment the stock of the road iu the
hands of a private company would bo the b -st pav
ing stock in Georgia.” (Gov. Brown’s Inaugural.)
In the above extract the Governor doubtless r ot
only speaks his own sentiments, buttho sentiments
of a majority of the Legislature, aud yet measures
are now before the Legislature, meeting it is tai i
with much favor which if passed into laws may ven
der these sentiments, at no distant day, perfectly
rediculous. Where is the heavy income of the
Ssate road now derived from ? In 1819 when its
business was confined to the Cherokee coutiiks of
Georgia, its income was lees than one hundred and
fifty thousand dollar ; the first year after i. rear bed
Chattaneoga, (1850) the income was two kindred
and eighty-five thousand dollars. It then had some
trade from North Alabama and Teune See by the
boats. The East Tennessee and Georgia road, and
Nashville and Chattanooga roads were progress
ing, and as these roads progressed the inoomo from
the State road progressed until ihese reads, and the
Memphis and Charleston road being completed the
income has reached its present high limits.
It will be seen that the increase has bean mainly
from North Alabama and Tennessee. It is now
proposed to charter a road giving a straight lme
from Chattanooga to Charleston. This would lake
the North Alabama aud Tennessee business des
tined for Charleston. It is proposed (a charter hiv
ing beeu granted) to assist in building a roml from
Griffiu to Decatur, Alabama. This would take the
North Alabama and Tennesset? business destined to
Savannah. It would also take the trade from the
valley of the Coosa, passing over the State road by
way of Rome. It is also proposed to, aid in budd
ing the Air line road ; the professed object of wh oh
is to cut off the travel that would otherwi o goover
the State road from Atlanta North. Should these
roads be built aud accomplish this object, tin” fc.l-.x
road could not, and would uot pay the expenses of
management; aud there would be no great dan- r
of a truublsome competitiou for the stock.
What cla m is there on the State to grant the Hi
wassee railroad charter? Whul has to he ashed
far should be granted with discretion. The legisla
ture is the guardian of the property of the State,
aud no privilege should be lightly granted, tiiat
would destroy valuable property, built “by the la
bor and money of the people’’ without some ade
quate return. Have the States of Tennessee and
South Carolina any c aim upun the courtesy of ten
S ate to grant this charter ? The people of Geor
gia have taxed themselves full ten millions (princi
pal and interest) to build aroad, giving a good com
munication from leimessee, no l only \\ itli our own
furt, but also equally with the port of South C’aio
ina. Is this improvement to be voluntarily eacr -
ficed, and heavy interests of the State besides, to
give these States a passage through a corner of the
Slate, with no reciprocity, no returning equivalent
whatever? Would an houest trustee act upon such
a principle in an individual capacity ? I think not.
Suppose a guardian should hulil and control a suit
able location on which an extensive hotel or facto
ry could be made profitable, but where the patron
age would not be sufficient for two. Confiding in
his control of the location, he spends the whole es
tate of bis ward in improvements. Wlmt would be
thought of his honesty or judgment if he should
capriciously give away to strangers an adjoining
lot on which a rival establishment is to be erected,
to destroy the value of his ward's estateT Do.s
any thrifty farmer pull down his enclosure, to the
loss of his crop, that a neighbor may pars by a route
somewhat nearer, when he has at his own cost, built
him a good road around ? Yet, this is precisely the
priuciple here involved. The legislaturo is the guar
dian of the taxable wealth of the Slate. It has
taxed its citizens lull ten millions of dollars to give
free communication on the most eligible route be
tween Tenuessee aud Alabama aud Georgia an :
South Carolina. These States have also been per
mitted to enter and passthrough Georgia at every
point where there is any reciprocity. A few of our
own citizens, of the mountain counties, to be sure,
would have an outlet by this road to Tennessee and
Carolina ; but the number is too few and the in
terest represented too small, for the immense sacri
fice claimed of the rest of their fellow-citizens. It
would be something like burning down the State
House that a few of the citizens of Milledgeville
might warm themselves by the coals The benefits
are not proportioned to the sacrifice.
Wasteful and impolitic, however,aa .would be the
grant of this charter, it would not be sounjust and
oppressive in principle, as the kindred measures of
Slate aid to rival roads. All the people have been
taxed to build the Stipe Road, and now it is propos
ed total them further to build rival roads to break
it down. Taxation would be the ultimate aud in
evitable result, for not one of the roads to which
State aid is proposed could ever pay expenses.—
Take first, the Griffin and Decatur road. The State
aid would be granted from Griffin to the State line,
beyond Carrollton. What would that part of I In
road pay, and what would it be worth if abandoned
to the State I Scarcely any part of it would be ou!
of hearing of the trains onotherroads. Hit charged
nothing, it could make nothing, and if it charged re
munerating rates, wagons would go to the main
lines to avoid the expense of one road. Its way
business would, of course, be very light, and no
candid and intelligent man will say that it could pay
expenses alter the dtcay of the first euperstruetuu
In Alabama it would be a very costly road, run
ning mostly through a poor and Hilly country, and
meeting competition at every point. On this route
it would meet as competitors the “Selma and Ten
neseee load” and the “Nor.h-easterii and South
western road,” and at the western terminus it would
compete with the “Northern and Grand Juuctiou,’’
the “Mobile and Ohio,” the “New Orleans, Jack
son and Great Northern,” the “Mississippi Central,”
and both ends of the Memphis and Chariest ,n road.
All these roads muat get; ante of the trade of North
Alabama, (or ihey will be built to little purpose,)
and the competition will lie s rong aud close for Ibis
trade. It has beeu estimated that the average pro
fits of the Railroads in the United States dees not
exceed one per cent. If the profits of this Row!
should not fall below the average, I should be much
disappointed. The truth is, it could pay nothing.
Then there is the Air Line road. What could
that road ever pay ? It is to run across the country
and transverse to the direction of commerce, and
nobody pretends that it would have much trade
The Athens branch now gets most of the trade it
would have, aud scarcely pays expenses. Beyond
the line of tne wagon trade to Atlanta, the little
trade it might have would go to Anderson, and
fall into the Carolina improvements—but iliat would
not ba much. But the profits are to lie enormous
from the great mail and through travel! The gn at
mail pays no more than any oilier mail on a re-,
spectable route, and at present, iu pay, is ranked
second class, at one hundr ed ami fifty per mile. As
to the through travel, it is about one of the greatest
humbugs that has ever misled the views and aenti
ments of man. The North Carolina mid Virginia
Seaboard roads have had the whole of it until re
cently, and sc-rcely one of them pays anything,
though they are the cheapest roads in the Union.—
Whatever it is, it is diminished every day by divi
sion among a multiplicity of routes. All South of
Montgomery will soon be cut ofl’ (and the great
mail with it,) by junctions of the Gnipli roads with
the Memphis and Charleston road, and by the North
Eastern and Southwestern road, now in progress.
The through travel, for which this road would com
pete, would be that reaching Atlanta from Mont
gomery and points East of the Alabama river. Not
a traveler from Macon, or any point South oi Griffin,
bound North, would everreach Atlanta. All Flori
da, aud Southwestern Georgia will take the route
they uow do, by Milieu and Augusta, or bv tire 8a
vannah and Charleston route, uow nearly com
pleted. It will be seen that the through travel,
centering at Atlanta, and bound North, will soon be
very small, aud if the Air Line was to get tbe whole
of it, it woHld scarcely pay for the fuel to propel the
engines.
But the truth is, that even this travel, small an it
may be, the road would never pet. To bring it with
in the distance, or near the distance, of the Virginia
route, it would have to build a road of forty live
miles long, from Newberry to Chester, of no use for
trade, and costing about $1,000,000, and all my in
formation is, that *‘not a dollar for this road can be
raised in Carolina.” Then a charter is to be obtain
ed for a road trom Greensboro’ to Danville, forty
seven miles long, and which would cost about a
million more; North Carolina has steadily refused
for ten years even to grant a charter for this load ;
the last vote in the Senate was 31 to 17. North
Carolina, it seems, does not as yet believe in the
policy or justice of sacrificing her own State im
provements, and millions invested by her tax pay
mg citizens, that travellers from other States shall
have rather a shorter route through her territory.—
Should this charter evei be granted, it is difficult to
see where the money is to come from to build either
of these roads ; for neither of them would servo any
purpose of commerce, and would never pay a cent
Both of the Carolina's have about as much unpro
fitable railroad stock as they are well able, or a:
least willing, to carry. Should all these difficulties
be removed—a charter obtained—about five million
five hundred thousand dollars be obtained for *
road—called for by no necessity—and the line be
built, it would then have but a few miles advantage
of the Virginia route, with two hundred miles of flat
bar iron to run over—in competition with a now
line of roads—all in fine condition—running through
mountain scenery, with the attraction of popular
watering places at several points on the route. If
ever built, it will be one of the most thorough break
downs that has ever befallen any railroad enterprise
at the South—not even excepting the old Monroe.
I have said that this road would be a rival to the
State road, if its avowed purposes were accomplish
ed. I acquit it, however, of that object ion. It would
never interfere materially with the State road. The
objection to State aid is, that the State would gain
nothing by its construction, but be rather injured
by it; and that as it would not pay, it would be un
just to tax the citizens to pay for an improvement
by which his own property had been impaired, it
would especially injure Athens and the Athens
branch of the Georgia railroad, and it would be
doubly oppressive to tax a suffering interest to pay
for a bad speculation, by which their own property
is depreciated.
The Brunswick and Macon road is not a rival to
the State road, but I believe is in the omnibus.
He must be a bold man who ventures the opinion
that it would pay. The population is spara*,and
the country poor and unproductive. It would have
but little way business, and would be too far South
to compete with the Central for the through. Should
the State aid in its construction, it will ultimately
have to foot the bill. And with what justice tooth
er interests ?
If Brunswick be aided, it will be at the expense
of Savannah and the Central railroad. These latter,
facing many difficulties, and for a long while with
out profit, have built their own improvement*, and
afforded important aid to other roads of vast im
portance to the State. It may be said with truth
that to the Central and Georgia roads the State
owes, in a great measure, its present elevated posi
tion and progressive prosperity. The Central road
has pushed improvements from Macon West anu
Southwest, whilst the Georgia road has extended
them from Atlanta .Southwest and Northwest.
At a critical period with the Nashville and Chat
tanooga road, the Georgia railroad company wh
appealed to to subscribe a quarter of a million, as; the
only means of eaving the charter and the work
Gov. Crawford, then Governor of the State, made a
powerful and effective appeal to the stockboder*.
in convention, in favor of the subscription. He
stated that the State had built a road at great ex
pense from a common junction of our tsytt m, by
which connecting roads were benefited, and it wa
the duty of connecting roads to aid in pushing the
State line to the valley of the Mississippi, by which
alone toe State line could ever be made to pay.
The appeal succeeded—the subscription was made
—the road was built; the Georgia load made an un
profitable investment, but the income of the State
road has increased from two hundred aud eighty
five thousand up to near a million dollars, end the
valley of the Mississippi connected with our own
ports and improvements. Heavy contributions
were aleomade by the Georgia road, to bring the
trade of the Coosa valley into the State road, to
swell its profile and enlarge the commerce of the
State. The State now proposes to show its appre
ciation of the enterprize of these two companies, by
not only cutting off their profits but try taxing them
to build unprofitable roads by which the injury is
to be done. I hope an intelligent legislature of a
great State may find itself better employed.
The whole system of eectional leg-rolling is wrong
—essentially wrong in principle and unjust and op
pressive in operation. It is al<*o wasteful and ex
hausting : sinking millions of capital to no useful
or productive purpose. Fast States, like fast men,
run ahead of their time and means. The unhealthy
stimulus is followed by re action and bankruptcy,
and depression follows of course.
Take old staid Pennsylvania, as a warn ng ex
ample. With her immense natural resources, she
was the first to wilt at the touch cf the late panic,
and the trial has shown her whole financial re
sources to be in a miserable condition. The history
of her troubles is short. The old Keystone has de
pleted herself, financially, into a mere shell by her
enormous expenditures in injudicious unproductive
improvements, saddled upon her by a corrupt sys
tern of log-rolling. Other States could be referred
to, but this will answer as a prominent warning.—
Railroads with a cnpital o; one hundred and eighty-
million dollars, have totoly gone to protest,
p-.-e Georgia had evtu a fair ■>l this, what
would be her p- cstutcondiU >n c ■... with what
Much mischief is done in the bwioois oflife by tlio
bad ureof precedent. Preced-o • < nr> . meinl with
good judgment to apply them. Some r.hould lie fbi
remedy for ell i ‘qw-lmry.'n’.d fl.o same
rules of .-truth lor tbe young and ti.o o'd, tie wcr.lt
ten as they will cure. A system that right do for
Ohio would ruin Gior.-ei. Geo- ‘ is h ,"reitSta'<-
if net sacrificed by injadicicuj l-to-l-ti e. ft holds
a ci-mmai.diu'-po-ilii-ri—has a ix'-nl ofter.
ritory—greet div< rr-'.’v ot ,-.o c’. - mlc, but i> is
’ ‘ ‘ ’’ overage a
ruund n i h o ‘ law,i . iu
> ‘ acu pret network of r> i!r -Is, mainlines,
cross lines, sice hnes io 11- . •
to:y as this, and m a ,£! ! / £ ! “.
>■ ‘
tur pruYae--i txy • u,., ,f Sta>e.
will be built by Individ .J envri i <e ui- 1 tier it'n
more likely to pay. The wkda secret of Georgia™
prosperity of laiu years, obi ve most of her sisters,
is that moot of her capital pays Without income
there <an be lo expo ditur*, aad all ii teresta be.
oome depressed; the merohaat for want of bod
ploy inent, anils, of r.!i, tiers State a:d'may bo
granted ins tro cases, wisely and equally, but this
is ihe eXoep’ion, rot the rule, it was wise end
equal to bul.it the Stale road. It. win new intcie t
itself, and equal in all the rest. It tv n located in
refen noetothef theEeat.
ern parts of the S ate, it>d to a• ve a common
t;link for roads from Ml th -,-tii .-, chattered
about the same time. 1 >-a> w 11 •ifough lo give
Soothwistem Oeoi -\ them.: tr, nnd ■ l
toe same pi -n
; enta
witli tho H i. woi cl „ ,
old. bur if thee* - u- iul ’
aided without beirg w id : . - . |,l
an In here mo
are, and let we;i enough • lole. G kokuia.
Commercz of the Uo:ted &ratl? --The New
of the Commerce and c f the United
States for 1857, which its \Y:.*hii m correspon
dent has placed it in posaessh-n f m advance ot the
Secretary’s report to to compile the sub*
joined table of exchanges with foreign Slates, The
Times introduces the table with the following re
marks :
We have carefully separated the specie items anl
also the items of Ihe indirect in. r? trade?, (as with
Switzerland and the German Z l!v rain.) so as to
present an nearly as may be, first, the of
the produote other than the precinct, met;,ls <>f uml
between the United States aud the foreign States
and their dependencies wiii) \Gl‘n \ e trade; nnd
secondly, the points to which our exelro in spe
cie are directed to a* ju.-t the gor. ?rl b ! u •
Doth tables present seven:l prominent points for
remark, one of which is the larg • p J ranco
over all oilier countries presented by Great Britain
in tiie trade with the U* iteu S o.m, u.e b--dance hi
the exchange of the ordinary v of the two
nations being this year £12,723.W2 in favor of the
United Slabs. The second point H, (Ui mewitu
standingthis balance in the din ot trade ui:h Great
Britain, we settle si7,l 13,211 io opt i * with other
countries throvtfh London. Another h-muro of the
present return is tho enormous > < ••* m our im
port trade with Spain :n and lei ii • nd
Porto Rico alone having a 1 £ V'S> m
gars since the pr.-vicin i. :um t U ‘T*od Gi b i
about 348,511(3in ‘ll • pi.- • • va'ue
to Spain of the tmJe of the Uni'-* J • i her
Westlm land]
ciesis $55,840,803; placing l.er n.-.r-ml to Go nt
Britain only in the >•'lc r raA-ti to this
country. .
TUB FOREIGN STATE! WS TRADE WlTH—’s‘7
Britain and ho; Ctolonh** $\M •.< <>7 if II” -U
, . . 8:039
Spa.n an ■
Zoilv rein aud Free Chios... Jw'J - - , :■■) j:i.s9:ißJo
•Switzerland ... U.d.’-? “.M Indirect
Holland and her Colonic -- - - <in 777 - 4 610 t
Belgium 37: 7 i 3ioi\’d
Sweden and Norway i.v.f ! 1,4 07l
Denmark and her 1 !and-... - • I <I. 4 7
Russia ... l “mm 4 471 813
Austria V . v,t7(. ( 5
Sardinia ... -7 2 0T.7 90l
Tuscany 3.7,8h1
Two Sicilies J -.*> •.* l.tod.o'.l
Turkey .*37.48
Portugal aud her Island >. ... V J 1,7v7, H
Africa .. 1 •.<• > 8 ini
Hayti ‘J -1* .Mill?
Brazil. SI lvn.il 5 J 8 IGti
Uruguay :/ 97 >,• 7 )
New Grenada S ;tl .1 1 ],*.00 74
Venezuela 3 6 V>.lo 048
Peru .. ‘B7 UI 149 71 (
Bueno? Ayres 2 78(,47J 3,2 .'J7d
Chili 3 712 4 J i,47dv9
Mexico 1 0*9,2 7 3d 7fl<i
Cl .
Sandwich Island* \* 4 J ! > 8 :M 81
Other States and I. lands.... 1,307 737 5J3 7dtf
Total imported e :3 €270.9'<;.7i3
Foreign goods re exported . ii 905 f>"9
Total export© 1 £29.1,812,2>2-
TMK SPECIE EXCUAKOES OF TIIE TEAK 1857.
Received from. K^mlitedlo
London... *4,od * < 1 Sol 21 -.ORI
Pars 1 Vt’i C,ti50,018
North ft’ Europe J’-.n.t 70l i.3
Went Indies 5.17 C hG4,*:<iJ
South America ’ 4*5” ; 857.(340
China 9,£‘ri VU'd
MiKcollaneous* 270 • 7 * ,:m4
TUE FOREIGN TRADE HFCAPITCT.ATED— 1857.
Inward. nnrwsrd
Exchange of products .... $.48,4 8R 42 C- - M -‘3 812,222
Excl ango iu edu 12,111,700 (?, 15(3,923
Grand t0ta1.... .S.;CO rW 141 $352 949,144
Lt year.... 314 (iJ.l t 142 3J0,U(418
Trade Regulations in Apalachicola.—At a
meeting of the Cernmi ;don scliantn anil Fac*
tors of Apalachicola, Fa, on tho ‘*!6th ult., tho fol
lowing reeolutions were adopted:
Int. Resolved, That all colt, n sold in this market
Blind be weighed niter the sale.
2d. Resolved, Tiiat the boats shall be r* quired to
deliver cotton to the consignees in good o? >< r.
3d. Resolved, Tiiat tiie Warehouses shall be ro*
quired to deliver cotton m good order.
4th. Resolved, That Factors reqivst weq hen of
cotton, when equally convoniunt, to weigh *
after mending, and also to make numbers and murks
us legible as possible.
sth. Resolved, That tho buyers ( f cotton shall
receive all lots of 100 bsles or less, tho next day uf*
ter the sale, all lots of 200 bait s, within two days, all
lota of 300 bales, within three days, r.ll lots of 400
bales, wth n four days, and all 1 f 500 hales and
over, tivo duys, and all oottous to bo paid for when
delivered.
oth. Resolved, That buy-’ - j bo required to unovo
cotton from Warehouse within three days alter de
livery.
7th. Resolved, That buyers shall ex.r. ico cotton
within three days after delivery, and ropor. So sel
lers any claim for damage or mixed packed cotton.
Large Cargo op Coolifb. -Th fLivana corres
pondent of tbe Charleston Courier in a recent letter
Bays: The Fri n ko i st,
arrived from ?.lsi.cov via ( ‘ ,poof Good Hope, 25th
ult., with 842 Coolies. She emba ked 9. >‘o at China,
so that her loas by death was comparatively t riding.
The consignees of tho Coolies in this city Bold tLem
in a lump, at 18 onsas each, to a mercantile house
in this city, who arc retailing them at 20 onzas
each. A member of this latter firm elated in my
presence, an evening or two ago, that this houae
would make $(30,000 by the bargain.
Depreciation of Boston Property —ln order
to exhibit the great decline which bus taken place
within two years in tho value of corporation stocks
in that city, the Boston Transcript in sauces an es.
tate worth one hundred and fifty thousand dollars at
the earlier period, which has since declined ft rty
thousand dollar??. The manufacturing stocks own*
ed by a single family have depreciated more than ft
midion of dollars also in Ihe same period, and the
personal property of many has faded proportionally
in tbeeame time.
Fight with the I djans. —i'h© Sante Fe Ga
zette gives a pretty full account of the expedition
mad-.* by the U. S. troops to the Gila country. The
troops under Col. Miles had a sharp conflict with a
parly of Apaches on the Gila. Col. I’, ):, cville says ;
“The battle field extended for u mile on both
sides of Ur; Gila, end cuv* jcd with a thirk under
growth. The battle commenced at hal. pi t 4
o'clock, and lasted until sun down. There were
forty warriors engaged in the confliol, t” oof whom
oniy are known have < cap* and. Two women
were killed—one while fighting with n bow and ar
row. There were twenty-lour women and children
taken prisoners.”
The wounded of the troops were Lo uts. Davis
and Steer., and five or frix of the soleh ra and on©
Puebla Indian. None of them f>. n ,y.
Besides the havoc among this parly of Indians,
the troops destroyed about 000 *-.:res cf corn and
captured a large number of Lheep, hor. ts, &c.
Checking Mail Bags—Mr. (b \ n., r:-.t:nasler
of Boston, has taken initiatory steps for the reform
so much needed in the system o‘ n I ti -xppoita.
tion. The Boston Journal says:
“He has devised and put in operation a ytem
by which every lock mail bag oh it leaves the office
is checked, and by which u ho every one ia checked
as it is received into the office, if'.- ha - also adopt
ed measures winch insure the more safe transmis
sion of the mails between the post office and the de
pot* ; and he is now engaged in perfecting arrange
ments for the more safe transmbeinn of the mails
over the different routes through', utNew England.”
A $?; specie n Slaver— Recently, on the coast
of Africa, the U. 8. ship Cumberland oveihauled
the bark Cortez, of New’ York, on suspicion of be
ing a slaver, hut, after an explanation, released
her. As the U. S. el< op of war Dale, however, was
on the lookout for her, it is supposed fh&tehe was
subsequently taken in charge to answer.
Later from Utah—A d:spa<c h dated St. Louis
Dec. Bth, says: An express p* sed through this city
i yesterday for Washington, with dispatches from
Col. Johnson.
The Republican received .V iters thin morning from
the army to Nov. 3d. The Mormons had iun off faix
hundred caff!e in sight of Col. Alexander’* camp,
near Hams Fork, Green River. At the date of the
letter it was supposed that. Col. Johnson had con.
centra ted his forces with Alexander, nod that in a
fortnight from that time Col. Cos: k’s command
would bo with th m They expected to winter j u
Henry’s Fork, Green River. There was ag od
deal of suffering from want cf provisions and cloth
ing, and the horses were giving out from want of
forage. Gov. Cumming, tud the other territorial
officers, were determined to get into 3'<lt Lake City
if possible. The Mormons were determined on re
sistance to either the military or civil officers. A
ekirmitih had taken pDcc between Col Alexander s
troops and the Mormons, and thro© or four of the
latter W’ere captured.
The Bt. Louie Democrat Jearns that news has
been reoeived at Fort Leavenworth from Molar's
aud Russell’s trains, that the government animals
were dying in great numbers on the plains.
Col. Hoffman, from h rt Laramie last October,’
arrived at St. Louis on Sunday night, but ho briugj
no news of the Utah Expedition.
Prsue Sentiment is Kansas.— The Lecomplon
National Democrat denounces the Kansas conven
tion and its authors, and says tbo constitution id
held in perfect contempt by men of ail parlies. No
man can be found who approve the instrument. It
says:
The constitution is meeting with bs proper re*
oeptiou in the territory. At Kickapoo it is derided
and laughed at. At Leaven worth the first qiua
ton acked by one on meet ng an acquaintance is,
‘ Have you found anyone in favor of the constitu
tion yet?”
New Employment for Females.— An English
dentist iu New York proposes to teno'-i females the
wt of dentistry. It id said that some of the ablest
dentists in Europe are female#.