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Cfcronklt & Skntinel.
GOV. VKOWNI* VETO MF.SSASE
EXSCITIV* DErARTMXWT, 1
Milledgeviile, Dec. 22, 1857. >
T\> the Senate : . _
I return ib bill entitled “An act to provide
•Mint the forfeiture of the several bank charter*
Id thie State, on account of non-specie payment,
lor a given time, and for other purpoeee therein
named,' '’ without my sanction.
Our banking inatitutioDe have exclusive pnw
lir,” conferred upon them by law, which are very
valuable, and which the laboring masses are pro
hibited, under a heavy penalty, from exercising,
upon the same terms upon wh oh the bank* exercise
them Ihe banks are permitted by law, without
bond or security, to loan their credit, or, in other
words their notes as money, and to charge interest
upon them. The laboring man. whatever may be
hi occupation, Is denied this privilege, and i* sub
feet to indictment and punishment as a criminal if
he attempts to exercise it He can receive interest
only upon the capital which is the income of his la
bor; and upon this he is permitted to charge only
Wgal Interest, or seven per cent per annum. The
Wi boring nesses produce the capital. Indeed, all
aapitaf is the result of labor, and that system of
legislation which establishes a favored class, and
confers upon them privileges denied to others, by
wbioh they are enabled to enrich themselves by la
fclng from the laboring masses the iuootne of their
labor, is not only unjust, but contrary to the genius
and spirit of our government
I think it will not be denied by any, that our pre
sent system gives to a favored class immense ad -
vantages over the great body of the people. As an
Ulnst/stion of (Lis principle, twj men work with
rheir hands, the primary mode of making capital,
till each makes a dollar in gold or silver. One loans
bis st interest. The law of cur B<ate permits him
to receive only seVen cents for the use of it one
year, and if be chargee more, the law deolaret the
excess to be usurious and void.
The other applies to the Legislature, and obtains
a charter, oonierring upon him banking privileges.
By this charter, it Is made lawful for him to pay his
dollar as capital stock into the bank, and to issue
apon it three paper dollars. The bank is permitted
to loan these three paper dollars at interest, and to
aharge seven per cent, upon each of them. If he
were to loan them for one year at legal intereet, he
would receive for them twenty-one cents. These
three paper dollars are based upon the one dollar in
gold or silver, and the banker in fact receives *be
twenty one cents intereet upon his one dollar in
specie, while the person without banking privile
ges receives only seven cents interest upon ha
dollar. But the banker is not content with twenty
oue per cant a year, or three limes the amount re
ceived by his neighbor, who is without banking
privileges. He will not therefore loan his three
paper Collars (bis own notes) a year at seven per
cent ; but be will loan them at thirty days, first
deducting interest out of the sum loaned, if the
borrower will aleo pay one half, oue, two or three
per cent, a month usury, under the name of ex
change. And even this privilege, since the banka
have suspended, as a general rule, is allowed only
So ootlon buyers or speculator*, aud is denied to
tbe merchant farmer or mechanic. He ocnnotget
accommodation, it matters not how good a note he
cau make This debt to tbe banker must be paid
promptly, or renewed at the endol the thirty days.
U permitted to be renewed, the interest must be
again discounted and compounded, and the usury,
under the name of exchange, added. If indulgence
Is given for a year, the note nr bid must be renew
ad, the intereet compounded and tbe usury added,
twelve times during the year, or every thirty days.
1 speak of tbe usual number of days allowed in
bank It may be but sixty days, while its is some
times nicety. This increases the interest received
on tbe banker s three paper dollars, or one silver
dollar, to twenty-five, thirty or thirty-five per cent,
dependent on the amonnt ol exchange fir usury
added each time the note or bill is renewed Bui,
the banker is still not satisfied with this percent,
upon bit dollar The law of hit charter, as bank
charters exist in Georgia, authorizes the bank to
torus three paper dellars, or Incur three dollars of
liability for every one dollar of capital stock actual
ly paid into the bank. Our people seem generally
to uuderetand tbe law of our bank ebartere to be
that the bank must at all times have in ils vaults
one i ollar In specie for every three dollars of its
liabilities. Ibis is a great error. Tbe law of tbe
charters does require that liabilities of tbe bauk shall
not exceed three dollars for every one of capital
stook paid in, but it does not require tbat it shall be
kept in tbe bank. I refer to the literal construc
tion Os tbe law. nnd tbe one practiced upon by tbe
banks. Tbe stock my be paid in specie, and the
backer may issue tßVee paper dollars upon every
ailver dollar so paid in, aud the next week be may
puke out tbs silver dollar so paid in, and may use
U In shaving notes or in other speculations ; and
while he Is making twenty fivs, thirty or thirty five
per oent. upon the three paper dollars, based
upon the one silver dollar, supposed by the people
to be In the vaults of tho bank all the time for the
redemption of the bills, he has probably made ten
or fifteen per oent upon the silver dollar taken out
of the vaults, aud used In speculation, making the
whole profits, which, without a violation of the let
ter ol his charter, the banker may have received
for tbs use of his dollar one year from thirty to
fifty per oent., while the laboring man, without
bankirg privileges, is permitted by law to receive
only seven per cent, for the use of his dollar for
• similar length of tune. Is this justice! Is it right!
1 deny that it is right to give to a bauk, or to any
other corporation, such unreasonable and almost
unlimited privileges. It may be said that the banks
do not issue three tor one, and that they do not all
make the profits above described. This may be
true, i speak of their privileges, and what, under
their charters, they may do, and what, it is believ
ed, is often approximated if not exceeded in prao
tioe. He who will read their charters and observe
their practical operations, will, I doubt not, admit
that the above is no exaggerated statement of the
workings of that legalised system of speculation,
oppression and wrong, dignified by our law with the
name of banking.
The question arises here, what consideration have
the banks given, or promised to give the people, for
these valuable, exclusive privileges f The answer
to, they have pledged themselves to furnish a pa
C,r currency, at all limes sound aud convertalde
to specie on demand, without regard to the price
tbs specie may cost them when needed, or the saori
flee which they may have to make to procure it.—
The priviledge of loaning their own notes as money
nt par, and of receiving interest —compound in-
Itiest —aud even usury, under the name of exchange
upou them, often enables them in times of pros
perity to aOMM large fortunes; and in . considers
tlou of these advantages, is it not their imperative
fiuty, in limes of adversity, to abide by their part of
the oontract, aud to procure specie to redeem their
bill* at par, and thereby afford relief to the people,
do matter what it may ooet them ! After having
enjoyed these advantages, is it right that they be
permitted, when the pressure comes, to suspend,
(dose ‘.heir doers, retire into their splendid mansions,
lock up their s; ccie in their vaults, let their own
bills depreciate, buy them np through their brokers
•t a heavy discount, causing distress and actual suf
fering to many a poor debtor's family ! and when
lb* storm is past, step forth in the sunshine of then
own prosperity, with enlarged wealth, while they
eoolly survey the ruin which, by their speculations
•ad their bad faith, they have scattered all around.
1 deny that this Is right.
Specie is now worth a small premium in the
Northern market. By paying this, onr banks can
purchase enough with which to redeem all their bill*,
and can resume specie payment immediately. This
would restore public confidence, stop the decline in
the price of cotton, which baa already fallen from
seventeen cents down to ten or eleven cents per
pound, since the banks have suspended, and wh:ih
will continue to fall, unites they resume, aud w ould
•too restore contentment, prosperity aud happiness
sunong onr people. The banks refuse to do Ibis,
bscaoee it would cost them some sacrifice, and rath
er than make this, they prefer to let their bills de
preciate in the maiket. This cause* onr people,
who live remote from banks and cities, and who
•re occasionally forced, to obtain specie, to pay as
high as ten per cent, discount upon the hank hills
to get the coin. but if the bank- are forced to re
sume, this sacrifice on the pari ol the people will not
be longer neeoeesary. Why do the banks refuse to
rtsume 1 The answer is, simply t ecau.o it is their
Interest to ke. p up tLe panic, drive down tbe price
of oolton and every kind of property to the lowest
prioe. then giasp it into their own hands, and thus
grow richer upon the misfortunes of others, pro
duced by them lor the purpose of speculation.
J affirm that our banks w hick have suspended aud
•o continue, are guilty of a high commercial, moral
■nS legal crime, of a commercial crime, because
afasy have brought the present crisis upon the peo
ple, for selfish purposes, when there was no great
{•osssity, and when by spending a few thousand
dollars of thslr immense profits in the purchase of
gpeeie, the suspension could easily have been avoi
ded. By relusing to do this, they have destroyed
woblio confidence, deranged commerce, caused our
great staple to fall several cents in the pound, by
which our pianists have sustained a loss of several
million* of dollai s, ana tbe value of property through
out the State has greatly depreciated the credit
of the State abroad h&e been Injured, while geneia,
distrust and depression has been the result. They
have been guilty of a moral crime, by violating
their contract with the people in refusing to meet
thslr solemn promises, when they acknowledge—
say. st en boast of their ability to do so, theieby
fining ihe grossest injustice to the laboring masses
who nave ooufided in them and been deceived by
them They have been guilty of a legal crime, by
wilfully and knowingly violating and selling at
open defiance a positive statute of the State, making
tbs prioe of our property, the price of labor, the
h*ppina** and welfare of the people aud the law of
tbsßtats all bend to their intereet. They are go
wsrued solely by their interest aud it is their inter
est In times of prosperity to expand and extend
their circulation, raise lbs prioe of property, stimu
late a spirit of speculation, and involve the country
tn their debt as much as possible. In times of ad
varsity when every man not a banker is obliged to re
fisem his promises, no matter bow much sacrifice it
may cost him, the banks refuse to meet their cbliga
Bout bemuse specie is worth a premium in the mar
ket, and they are not willing to make a sacrifice of
sum of their large profits to get it to redeem their
hiiia They therefore suspend till the pressure is over.
They demand Oold and Silver or its equivolent
from those indebted to them, and sell their property
no matter how great a sacrifice if it is not paid.
And if the property goes at s ruinous sacrifice, they
will Increase their speculation by appointing an
agent to tiny it for them. In the mean time if the
WUhoWer, who is tknr creditor presents their depre
slated bills at the counter and demands specie,
stating that he has labored for the bills and has re
ceived them at par as money That he pnrohased
props ty when property was high owing to the bank
axpansi ~n. and in this way involved himself in
fieoL Tbat owing now to the bank contractions
property has fallen tilt it take#twice as much to pav
Us debts, as it did a few months ago. That bis
property is about to be sacrificed and that he can
aot pay in bank bille without a sacrifice of five, ten
at twenty ¥ cent, discount upon them. The Ban
ker ref. see to redeem the bills, and turning awav
aalmty replies. Hi hart impended The conse
quence is the bitiholder has to make the sacrifice
Which the banker had promised to make, and ought
fe make, but will not make and pay fivs. ten or
twen'T ¥ cent, discount on the bills of the bank to
Mt the specie. If any cue proposes to compel tbe
banker to comply with his contract and redeem the
fen- or forfeit his charter, it is at cnee said that this
nouns will ruin the country, as the banker will be
offended and will retuse to let out any more of his
depreciated bids if forced to keep his promise to re
deem those now in circulation.
Since u>e establishment of oar banking system in
Georgia Ibe country bu already petted tfm’ugb two
or three period* of distress of the chars der above
described. There have been periods of speculation
by the banks, and they have amassed fortune*.
Whiie Ike people, the laboring c.asses, hare borne
the ion. In each of Ito-e period* the apology has
been made for the banka that they were obliged to
impend Ttia may have been true at the time.
Vat the blame lies behind this. They were not ob
bad to bare indulged iu those wild (peculations,
watch caused them to expand their paper circula
jbi beyoad their ability to redeem their promisee.
thia way to bava produced the etate of thing*
whM obliged them to wpend whenever panr-ent
was daoandad. The Merchant by a course of high
Brin and overtrading involve* himself into debt
Vvoad bis ability to pay. and dose* doors, or In
Vaok phrase. tvtpnuU. lie receive* bnt little pab-
Al sympathv Ail agree in condemn:rg hie coarse
as axtravaguee ana folly. He is blamed not so
••sh for doors, a* for the course of extravm-
r -~. whioh Involved him in the necessity of eios-
ETdoors. Our basks in this case were under no
neb neeeseity. 1 hey suspended as a speculation.
1* 1540 While the people were paying through one
0/ periods ot distress, above alluded to they
determined to protect themselves if poevibi* against
jack a state of thing* in future. And through their
jaweeentative* they peered a law requiring the
Clbbe which had suspended to resume specie pay.
■tent within lev* than two months after the passage
gs the Act. And requiring ell the banks of this
•late In future to redeem ad their liabilities in spe-
M* on deaiaud or prrtentaiton , while fbrieitnre of
Ibe charter was provided c* the penalty for a t iola
•Jon of the law. The people rsly ing up.n this plain
aiatute as well as the common law whioh ukea
•way the charter of a c orporation which abuse* the
wtut and palpably violates the ron'ract upon which
to* charter as obtained, supposed they were so
mtXM gs -* future bank tusprnrtc** On account
m (herein*oftb<.ir•orporate pr.viteges, it was be
&v*d that motives of inberaet would prompt Use
V—v- to make out es thair large gain* a sacrifice, if
- riTT v- (uflolect to enable then t procure the
, .suswt
It was not then believed that the banka would have
the power to violate the law with impunity, and to
dictate ihe terms of their own pardon. Since the
passage of the act of 18411 the number of banks and
the amount of banking capital in tbe State have
greatly increased. As their number and capital
have increased, their power in the State and their
influence over the legislation of the oountry have
increased. Who has not observed within the last few
years the increaaing influence of our wealthy corpor
ations over our legislature ! When their interest to
at stok*. outside pressure becomes very strong
noon the law-making power, and is too sensibly felt.
With this state of things existing in Oeorgia the re- I
cent bank suspension occurred in New York. This ‘
naturally caused a pressure in Georgia, owing to |
our commercial connections with New York, and j
made it necessary for our banks to suspend, or make j
a considerable sacrifice to get the specie to meet
the run likely to be made upon thefc The banks
at this time claimed and etiu claim to be entirely
solvent, with large amounts of gold in their vaults.
Several miihona of gold have been shipped into tbe
country during tbe present suspension which could
have been purchased by onr banks for a few per
cent premium.
It is acknowledged that their profit* for the past
few years tave been large. It became a question
therefore whether they would make the.sacrifice
necessary to enable them to get the gold and redeem
their bills, or—whether they would suspend, let the
loss caused by fbe depreciation of their bills fall
upon the people, and rely upon their power to set
at open defiance the law forfeiting their oharters,
and even to compel its repeal till such time as may
suit their convenience. They chose the latter al
ternative and it to said that many of them have sus
pended. In this state of things they appear before
the Legislature not prepared even to grant terms
to the people, much leas to ask any from them
They refuse to submit to any restriutiens upon their
former chartered privileges, or to give any assu
rances that tbe country shall be protected against
the recurrence of such a state of things in future.
They demand an nnconditionai pardon in the form
of an Act to legalise their illegal aot of suspension,
till such time as it may suit their convenience to re
sume. They accompany this demand with tbe
threat that they have fbe power and the will to do
tbe people a great injury if an attempt should be
made to execute th* law which they have knowing
ly azd wilfully violated. This issue is boldly ten
dered, and the question made, shall tbe backs gov
ern tbe people or shall the people govern the banks!
Shall tbe law be executed or shall it be set at open
and unconditional defiance ! shall only the poor and
the week be compelled to obey it while tbe rich and
tbe powerful are permitted to disregard it at pleas
ure 7 In my opinion tbe ri best corporation should
be oompclled to obey the law, as promptly and im
plicitly as the humblest citizen in the State. While
I Lave the responsibility of its execution I am de
termined to know no man or association of men,
and that ai) shall bow to tho authority of the law
without regaid to the wea.th, power or influence
which they may poasees. None are so high that
they si-all lie permitted to place themselves above
the law. And if the proper case is made by p’ oof
so as to authorize me to act, I shall order proceed
ings against ‘he wealthiest bank, or other charter
ed monopoly in Georgia, as soon as I will against
ti.e humblest individual who has disregarded and
violated the law. It is claimed by their friends
that our banks are well managed, but that the sus
pension was unavoidable after tbe Northern banks
suspended, and that any other coarse would have
ruined the people. How is it if this be true, that
nine of the South Carolina banks, most.of tbe Ala
bama banks, all of the Kentuokv banks, all of the
Louisiana banks and four or five of the Georgia
banks have stood the shock, and are still redeeming
their bills in specie 7 And why are not the people
of Louisiana or Kentucky ruined f It is a little re
markable that those Banks in Georgia, which have
not suspended have been persecuted as “Wild
Cats,” by tbe friends of the very banka which have
suspended. It is thought to be very nnpardonable
for any one to doubt the solvency or good conduct
of any of the banks of Augusta or Savannah or any
of their numerous agencies. While they wishing to
monopolize tbe business in Georgia, feel at perfect
liberty to make war npon the interior or country
banks.
There is a clause in tbe Constitution of Louisiana
denying the Legislature the power, directly, or indi
rectly, to pass any law to legalize a bank suspension.
The consequenoo has been tbat none of their banks
have suspended. They preferred to make the sacri
fica, get the gold, redeem their bills, and save their
chapters. Had there been a similar clause in onr
Constirution, it is believed that our solvent banks
would have come to a different conclusion, as to tbe
necessary of tbe suspension. Bat it was said before
the Northern Banks resumed that onr banks were
obliged to suspend to keep the merchants and banka
of the North from drawing all tbe specie out of their
vaults. This agreement was more plausible than
real. They have not enough of onr bills to enable
them seriously to injure ns in this way. They can
only get onr bills to the extent that onr Southern
Merchants pay promptly without suit They do not
ail do this. If our banks continue specie payment
Northern Merchants must pay specie or its equiva
lent for our bills, if they get a larger amount than
they reoeive from the prompt paying class of South
ern Merchants. They make none of the necessa
ries of life which we are obliged to have, while they
are obliged to have our sugar, rice and cotton, more
especially our cotton. If they do not get it, their
factories must stop and thousands of their poor,
operatives must be thrown out of employment.
Cotton will command specie or its equivalent.
Our banksoontroi the cotton trade, and if the peo
ple of the North run upon them with their bills for
speoie, they have only to require specie for the cot
ton and bring it back. It is not, therefore, the in
tereet of the Northern people to enter into a warfare
about specie w ith tbe Southern banks. Since the
Northern banks have resumed, the tone has changed
and our banks say that the foot that the Northern
banks have resumed, makes it more difficult for
them to resume. They were insincere then, or they
are insincere now.
It is further alleged that our banks suspended in
obedience to rmulutior.s passed by public meetings
held in Augu-ta and Savannah. 1 will not stop to
inquire bow many directors or stockholders or bow
many persons indebted to tbe banks and otherwise,
under their influence or control composed those
meetings, or bow difficult it may be, or rather may
not be, for these most interested to get up meet
ings of this character, by producing a panic and
calling the meeting in the midst of the excitement.
I might inquire in how many counties of this State
outeiieof the immediate influence of the banks
such meetings wtre held. Again, it is said tbe sua
peDsion was for tbe benefit of the people. They did
not seem to have anticipated the daoger, and have
not asked for the relief. Before the banks suspend
ed the people could pass their bills at par, since the
suspension in many of the counties most remote
from the banks, they are having to pay ten percent,
to get specie for their bank bills. This is a relief
that the people of the agricultural portions of tbe
State have not aßked for by public meetings or
otherwise.
They did not ask to be relieved of one-tenth of the
whole value of their property, and they will be a
little hard to convince that they a-e benefited by
tbe operation. The farmer sola hit produce for one
hundred dollars in liaok bills, which before tbe hanks
suspended were worth to bim one hundred dollars
in gold. Since the banks have suspended the bills
are only worth ninety dollars in gold. He has lost
ten dollars by the suspension’. The argument to
oonvince him tbat it is for his benefit may be able
and ingenious, displaying much, learning and eio
quonce, to which he will probably reply .- Before
the banks suspended I had one hundred dollars, I
have spent none and since the banks bave suspend
ed I have only ninety dollars. I understand the
figflres, but do not see the benefit, It is again claim,
ed that the suspension was necessary to enable the
baukß to furnish their bills to the cotton buyer to
purchase the preseut crop ; that the crop could not
otherwise be sold and that it would not be possible
to get it to maiket if tbe banks were compelled to
resume specie payment. Thin argument will net
bear examination. Cottou is worth in Liverpool 15
to IT cents per pound in gold ; it is therefore worth
in Georgia just as much in gold after deducting the
cost of transportation and insurance to Liverpool.
The manufacturers need the cotton.
They have the gold to give for It. We have the
cotton and want the gold.
Thete are ship* plenty and their owner* want the
freight. It there were not a bank in Georgia onr
notion would still find its way to market. And if
wu would not take tbe depreciated bills of suspend
ed banks for i', we should soou get gold for it. It is
true this would cause soma delay, and would be to
some extent injurious, but not injurious to the plan
ters who are generally but little iu debt, aod who
arc not forced to sell as it would be to those specu
lators, bankers and brokers, who bars so long lived
and eveu grown rich upon the labors of the planters,
who, say that a certain measure will
ruin the country, usually mean that it will injure
them. TLe very delay which speculators say would
ruin the oountry might lay the foundation for direct
trade with Europe, cutting us loose commercially
from a State of uepen once upon the North, which
would be worth to the South half ad leu cotton
crops. Hut it is not true that the banks would re
fuse to furnish their bills to buy cotton with if forced
to resume specie payment immediately; they would
in tlna (as they always are in ail- other cases) be go
verned by their own interest. And their interest is
to furnish their bills to buy the cotton if the plan
ters will take their bills for it They furnish their
bills to the cotton buyer at legal interest and proba
bly one or two par oent a mouth exchange ! usury,)
makiug fifteen or twenty per cent interest The
cotton buyer, the friend and probably the agent of
the barks, deducts this out of the price of the cot
ton and the planter loose* it The buyer ships the
cotton and turns over the bill of ladiDg to the Bank
of which he got tbe bills. The bank controls the
cotton, orders it sold, and in thirty or sixty davs has
the gold, or sterling exchange as good as gold in its
vaults in place ot the bills. In this way the bank
not only makes a large per cent npon its bills but
replenishes its vaults with specie in the-r place.—
And if the bank is redeeming its bills in specie so as
to deserve public confidence the bills may not be re
turned for months by the planter to demand tbe
specie. But the bank makes sufficient profit by
the transaction to justify it in paying the necessary
premium to get the gold, to redeem them immedi
ately if required. There is therefore no foundation
in fart for the alarm that the plantar ocnld not sell
hi* cotton, should the banks be forced to redeem
their bills in specie, or in other words be forced like
individuals to act in good faith and pay according
to their promise. But it may be said that this may
cause a decline in the price of cotton. Without ad
mittiug the fact it is a sufficient reply that the plan
Ur can afford to take a smaller nominal price, if he
gets gold or bank bills convertable into gold on de
mand, than he can take in suspended bank bills at
a heavy discount And ha will make money by the
operation.
When it is claimed that the banks cannot let out
their bills to buy cotton unless they are permitted to
suspend, this if true, is an admission that they have
not the means at present to redeem ihe bills now
out in the hands of the planters and others, and as
they are cot able to pay their debt* already cootrsct
ed according to promise, it is gravely proposed as a
remedy to let them contract more debts and get tbe
products of the country with their pro stives to pay
as they have not the means r ilk wktek to pay, and
let them in this way make the money out ofth->
speculation, which they make npon the planters’
cotton, with which to pay the planter at some future
day. For this purpose it is proposed to jjive them
the privilege to suspend till the 16th day November
next. This, itissaid, will prevent a pressure, as the
banks will let out their bills freely during the sus
pension and they cannot, during that time, be call
ed on to redeem them. This is nut a temporary re
lief. It is like giving to the patient an opiate to 101 l
the pain for the present, without doing anything to
eradicate the disease from the system. When the
opiate passes off the patient is no be'ter, but a little
weaker At the end of the proposed suspension the
kauks, in order to resume specie payment, must con
tract their circulation and restrict their issues. In
this we way w* have put off the evil day a few
ninths .onger, bot it must soon oome. and come
when we may not have as great an abundance of
produce in the couutry, and when we may be much
ieas able to meet it.
Better meet it at once, and past through it as fast
aapoasibie.
The bill proposes to legalise the supecsion till
15th November next. This gives the suspended
bank- time to ask the same members of the same
Legislature who now lega ile the su'pension, to
grant still further time if the banks have not com
pieted their speculations, as the legists'are will be
again in session before that time. This is quits
prudent in the banks. I: may be said in reply to
this, the bill provide* that upon proof being made
to the Governor, that there has been a general re
sumption of specie payments by banka out of the
State of Georgia, then the Governor may by pro
oiamatioo require the banks to resume within thirty
days. The banks have been ingenious in framing
tui* proviso. What is meant by a general resump
tion ot specie payments by the hanks out of Geor
gia! A . the banks o ftbe United States, of England,
France and tbe world except the Georgia banks,
are banks out of Georgia ’ Suppose the newspe
pert and merchants say they have generally re
sumed “ How long will it take ih* Governor to get
up the legal proof of this t Probably as long a
time a* the banka want. The New York banks
and a number of other northern banka Lava already
rseoned specie payment. If the bank* intend to
deal fairly with the people, why set 16th November
next u the .ime for them to resume in Georgia 1
The bid further provide* that no bank abaii charge
more than one per cent, upou any hill of exchange
to which a pronto i* attached, that this snail have
no reteitnce to foreign exchange. This than leaves )
the bank* to charge as muoh as they p.as* for fo
reign exchange < exchange out of tii* State.) while
it i- galixe* one per cent on Inland exchange. The
banks do not discount note*. They will only leU
exchange on thair agendas, for tnstanea at on* par
rent in addition to th* legal intereM a* discount.
This may be equivalent to more than ID par sent
pir annum *0 awe paper dollar *r net* of tbs bank.
The bill U therefore a boon to the bank*. They
would deal only in exchange and thereby realise
these large profits, and they would point to tbit act
as their legal autoority for so doing) The act pro
hibits them from discounting notes or loaning mo
ney in soy way at more than seven per cent, while
it makes it legal for them to sell exchange in each
way as to realize 20 per oent, or more. I’nfe thie
act no borrower oould get a note discounted. But he
could get tbe money if he would give tbe per oent
by purehaefaing it on a bill of exobange in Savannah
or llaoon. Thie not only legalize* euepeneion, but
lmlisee the meet exorbitant ueury; under tbe pra
text of protecting tbe people against tank laury,
but tbe bill gives the banks tbe right to charge
about as much usury as they please. The bill
authorizes the suspended bank to declare seven
per- cent dividend while in a state o! suspension,
while a proposition tbat the tanks pay seven per
cent interest upon their bills in circulation during
the suspension was promptly voted down. Thu
would nave been compelling the banks to do jus
tice to tbe people. This they would not endure.
One other provision of the act is held out as a boon
to the people. That is that the bank failing to re
deem its bills on demand shall pay seven per oent
interest end ten per cent damages if sued to judg
ment. This is the law .now end the banks have
made noeonceesi- nin this; and it is worth nothing
in practice. The whole bill is artfully drawn and
well calculated to deceive.
But an appeal is made by the friends of the banks
as a last desperate resort, to tbs fears of the people,
and it is said that the banks owe the people only
$5,01)0.000, or in other words tave only tbat amount
of circulation, and tbat the people owe tbe banks
$22,000,000, over four times as much as tbe banks
owe the people. If tbit be to, it is a most conclu
sive argument against tbs banks and shows how
fearful an error has been committed by our legists
tore in fostering a system which is centering the
whole wealth of the country In tbe hands of a purse
proud aristocracy built up and sustained by the la
boring masses. Have the banks obtained this im
mense advantage over the people by labor and fair
dealing! Have tbe bankers labored with their
hands 7 cultivated the soil, produced a blade of
grass, or a stalk of wheat, oom or cotton t They
live in princely style on the labor of the people and
in lead of falling in debt to the people for all the
abundance of the people’s products which they use,
they are enabled to bring the people out in their
debt between four and five times as much as they
are indebted to the people. With theee immense
advantages, and large resources at their command,
tbe gifts of the people to them, should they have
suspended rather than pay a few per cent premium
to get gold and redeem their bills 7 The gold has
been shipped from Europe to our shores for sale.—
What excuse can they give for having refused to
a the premium for it, and with it redeem their
! They should have done this out of their sur
plus incomes without any additional burden on the
people.
But is it true that the people owe the banks $22,-
000,000, and the banks only owe the people $5,000,-
000 ? If it ia true the Presidents ana C&shiera of
the banks of Georgia has not so stated under oath.
Tbe returns made to this offie, in obedience to the
last call made upon the banks, by tbe Executive, to
return their condition, under oath, as required by
the statute, show that the assets of the banks, in
cluding notes discounted, bills of exchange and all
other assets on the one band; and the liabilitiet of
the banks, including bills in circulation, deposits
made with them, and all other liabilities on the
other hand, precisely balance to a quarter of a cent
And I may say that it is a little remarkable that
these sworn returns made twice a year, by each
bank, and made for a day in the past, set by the
Executive, should, in every case, show an exact
balanoe between tbe assets and liabilities of the
banks. I will not say that any of them are untrue,
but I will say that it shows a remarkable precision in
the transaction of their bnsinees ; tbat they should
keep an exact balance sheet, never vm-ying a quar
ter of a cent, when the assets and liabilities amount
to hundreds of thousands of dollars. If it is said that
tbeir mode of book keeping is sooh that the accounts
must necessarily balance, I may reply tbat the ob
ject of the statute was to require that their returns
should furnish the people with a correct and simple
statement of their true standing, and not with an ex
hibition of their skill in book keeping. There is a
mistake somewhere, the statement as to the amount
ot the people's liability to the banks is incorrect or
their sworn returns are not easily explained. I leave
the banks to reconcile it. If it is attempted to bo
done by saying that the banks bave a reserved fund
which they are afraid for tbe people to know that
they have made, the reply is that this is a part of
the'assets of tbe bank ; and should be remembered
when a return is made on oath.
If they reply tbat a large proportion of their lia
bilities oonsists of their capital stock, I reply that a
large pr ‘portion of the indebtedness to them con
sists of debts due them from their own stockholders
and directors. While they are extorting mnch from
the people every year, no such difference of indebt
edness as that claimed exists between them and the
people, outside of their own stockholders and di
rectors.
If the suspension is legalized it cannot be denied
that the banks have triumphed over the people and
set tbe law at defiance. They have made at once
the interest upon the whole amount of their circula
tion, for the entire period of the suspension. They
receive interest upon all their bills, they pay no in
terest and cannot be co npelled to redeem their bills.
It is no rspiy to say that they may be sued and com
pelled to pay interest after protest, and ten ¥ cent,
damages. The bills are scattered all over the State
in the hands of the people in small sums, and not
oue in fifty has an amount of the bills of any one
bank large enough to justify bim in employing a
lawyer in Augusta or Savannah and standing a suit
with tbe bank. Better give up tbe debt iu many
cases than incur the expense, trouble, and delay.—
Legalize the suspension and the bills still further de
preciate, property falls lower and exchange rises
higher. The oountry lias do currency but depre
ciated bills (for tbe banks will lock up all tbe gold
and silver in their vaalts,) and we have no means of
determing which banks ai e solvent and which in
solvent At the time set for them to resume the in
solvent banks woulcPbe unable to do so. Daring
the suspension they would have flooded the oountry
with ttieir bills and the failure would then fall much
more h avily npon the people than it would if they
were wouua up now before they have time to in
crease the circulation of their worthless bills. If they
are not good the sooner the test is made and the
fact known the better for us all. If they are good
they can buy gold and resume specie payment. If
they do not, let their charters be forfeited.
In reply to all that has been remarked about
banks and bank suspensions; it may be said tbat
the fault is in the system and not in the present
abuse. While the existence of the abuse is not
doubted the injustice of the system is ieadily admit
ted. Most men agree that we have erred in grant
ing to onr banking institutions privileges so unjust
to the people, ana so subject to abuse. But these
become vested rights and cannot, when given, be
recalled, however injurious to the community, till
they have expired by limitation of the time fixed in
the charters, unless they are forfeited by some vio
lation of the contract upon which tbe charter was
obtained. If they are so mnch abused as to amount
to a forfeiture of the charters they may be entirely
abrogated and tbe legislature may re charter them
npon such terms as it may prescribe. If tbe privi
leges conferred upon onr banks in their charters are
dangerous to the beet intereet of tbe State, and are
subject to much abuse, and if the banke have sos-
Coded specie payment and forfeited thoee privi
jes it is my deliberatojudgment that no act should
be paeeed relieving them from the forfeiture, with
out imposing upon them such restrictions, by
amendment of tbeir charters, as will afford some
protection to the people against a recurrence of such
a state of things in fntnre. Let their charters be so
amended as to prohibit them, ae in the case of Lou
isiana, where tne banks bave not suspended, from
issuing bills or incurring liabilities over three dol
lars for every one dollar of specie in the vaults es
the banks and to prohibit them from nsing the pro
ceeds of the bills of exchange and discounted notes,
upon which the balance of their circulation is based,
in shaving notes out of the State, or in any other
way except in the redemption of tbeir bills. Com
pel them also to redeem all their small notes now in
circulation in gold and silver, and let tliem be pro
hibited from patting into circulation after the first
day of January, 1858, any bill under the denomina
tion of five dollars. After the first of January, 1859,
any bill uuder ten dollars, and after the first of Jan
uary, 1860, any bill under twenty dollar*. This
would throw specie in place of small bills into circu
lation among all our people, in all the smaller olass
of business transactions, and would thereby enable
the country to stand a commercial crisis with mnch
less inconvenience. Let them also be prohibited
from charging usury under the name of exchange on
all inland transactions, prohibiting them as indi
viduals are prohibited from receiving more than
seven per cent interest upon the sums actually loan
ed. This would convert them back from shaving
shops to banks again; and they would probably do
a more legitimate banking business. There would
then be no inducement to torn away from the plan
ter and refuse to discount his note, however good,
becanse they could get more usury from the specu
lator. Let those and inch other restrictions, a* may
be considered wise be engrafted upon their charters.
And let the penalty of a violation be an immediate
forfeiture of the charter, and it Is believed that we
would have a better system.
To this add a sub-treasury system for the State,
such as now prevails in the United Btates, and let
all collections made by the State, and all debts paid
by her be in gold and silver. This would keep a
sufficient amount of specie ont of the banks in the
State Treasury and in the pockets of tbe people
greatly to lessen the shock, and afford mnch relief
in case of a future commercial crisis resulting even
in bank suspension. As gold and silver would form
a considerable part of the circulation, a bank sus
pension could only depreciate tbe paper portion of
the circulation, and not the whole circulation. But,
aside from any objections to the bill on the score of
justice and public policy, there are, to my mind,
grave doubts as to the constitutionality. The c-n
----stitntion of tbe United States prohibits any State
from passing any law “ impairing the obligation of
contracts.'’ The contract between the bank and
the bill-holder, is that the bank shall redeem its bills
in gold or silver promptly on demand or presenta
tion. As the bills are to circulate as money, the
utmost promptness and good faith is understood to
enter into the contract and even to become a part
of tbe very etienei of the contract. The charter of
the bank is granted by the State, and in addition to
the other civil remedies by suit, dec., the aot of
1840, has enacted that the charter of tbe bank shall
be forfeited on failure to redeem the bills upon de
mand or presentation, and subsequent provision is
made for the appointment of a Receiver to take
charge of tbe assets, convert them into money, and
Cy the debts of the bank. The rights of the bill
ider are not therefore by the contract limited by
his right to sue, fee., but they also embrace the
right to have the bank charter forfeited, and the
assets of the bank placed in the bands of a Receiv
er for the better security of the bill holder. By tbe
ast of 1840 the Legislature has put this distinct con
struction upon the contract of the banks nuder their
respective charters.
Tbe act show* conclusively that the view taken
by tbe Legislature of the contract ot the banks was
that they were to redeem thgir bills in gold and silver
prompt upon demand or presentation and that npon
failure tody so their charters should be forfeited.—
Take from the bill holder this right, to-wit: the right
to have the charter forfeited on failure by the tank
to redeem the bills in gold and silver promptly on
demand or presentation . and you take from him the
higheet protection which under his contract he has,
for the prompt redemption of the bills. But why
under tbs set are the charter* to be forfeited if the
bills are not so redeemed by the bank promptly 7
Because the banks bave foiled to comply with their
contract. If it was not the contract to redeem their
bills upon demand or presentation in gold and silver
upon what principle was the charter to be forfeited.
Sorely it was not intended by the legislature to for
feit their charter* unless they bad violated ttair eon
tract under tbeir charter. What did the legislature
consider such a violation of tbe contract t Tbe fail
ure or refrisai to redeem their liabilities in gold or
silver upon demand or presentation. No other cause
or reason is assigned for a forfeiture of their charters
in the act of 1840. The bill holders had the* the
remedy by suit or action against the banks, but tbeir
charters were not to be forfeited in ease they refus
ed to redeem their liabilities in gold and ailver after
suit brought and judgment rendered against them,
but the charter* were to be forfeited in case they
refused to redeem their liabilities in gold or silver
upon demand or presentation, why T amply becanse
it was in their contract that they would do so, and
the act of 1840, required them to comply with
contract Vrofej” or their chancre should ta
forfeited and their assets placed in the hands of a
Receiver for the payment of their debts according
to the provisions of the act of 1842. It is manifest
ly apparent that it is the contract of the baafca to
redeem their liabilities in gold or silver upon de
mand or presentation and a failure to do so is such
a breach of their contract as to authorise a forfei
ture of their charters it is extremely difficult to per
ceive how the legislature ean by the enactment of a
statute to operate protpeetn c?y deprive the hill
hoider of the rights and remediee which he had under
that contract without lapunsfifi obligations.
The most valuable and effective means which the
bill holder had for the security of hie rights under
the contract and which may bave been his strong
eat inducement to make the coo tract, are thus ta
ken sway and to that extent at least tbe obiigatiea
of the contract is impaired by the proposed act of
the legislature, and if so to that extent the act if
passed would ta in vioiatioa ol the coosthatfoa and
void. Upon this constitutional question Judge
Washington of the Supreme Court of ths United
States in the ease Dartmouth College v*. Wood
ward, says : “Ia short doss not every alteration of
a contract however uaimportaot, even though it ta
manifestly for ths imerest es the party objecting to
it impara its obligation ” Judge Story in ha com
mentaries on ths Constitution, vuL 9 section I*Bl,
uses this language i “In ths next place what may
probably ta deemed impairing the obligaCtoa ot
coclraote in tbs seng* of ths sonstitatipc! II is
perfectly clear that any law which enlarges, abridg
es, or in any manner changes tbe intention of the
parties, resulting from the stipulations in the oon
trart, necessarily impairs it. The manner or degree
in which this change is effected, eop tn no respect
influence tbe conclusion; lor whether the law af
fect the validity, th* construction, the duration, the
discharge, or the evidence of the contract it impair*
its obligation, though it may not do so to the same
extent in all the supposed oases. Any deviation
from its terms by postponing or aooeleratiug ths
penodot its performance which it prescribes : im
posing conditions aot expressed in ths contract, or
dispensing with the perfonnanoe of thoee which are
a part of tea contract, however minute or apparent
ly immaterial in their effects upon it mpasrs its ob
ligations.” Will any one deny that the proposed
act postpones the period of performance prescribed
in the contract between the bank and the bill-holder
by taking away from the bill-holder the right to
have the charter forfeited at the expense of the
State, if the bills are not promptly paid upon de
mand or presentation ! The period agreed upon or
prescribed by the contract for the redemption of the
bills ia gold or ailver ia upon demand or presenta
tion. The banks have already violated the con
tract by refusing to redeem their bills upon demand
or presentation and this act not only proposes to le
galize the violation, but to extend tbe period of per
formance until the 15th day of November next.
It may be said the act is only intended to suspend
proceedings for the forfeiture ot ths charter of the
banks until tbe day proposed , and not to authorize
the bank to refuse to eomply with its contract to re
deem its bills in gold or silver upon demand or pre
sentation , but the very act which suspends execu
tive and judicial proceeding* against ths bank for
the time necessarily Implies a license to tbe bank to
suspend spesis payment for the same time, and to
refuse to abide by its contract to redeem its bills
promptly upon demand or presentation in gold or
silver and thereby in the language of the law post
pones the period of performance and impairs the
obligation of ths oontracl. I feel It to ta s duty I
owe to the people of Georgia to do all in my power
to avert the arils which would follow ths passage
of an act legalising the suspension of ths banks.—
All solvent Ranks will doubtless soon resume speoie
payment. I shall do all whioh ths law makes It my
duty to do, to have the charters of such as do not
resume forfeited, and their assets placed in the hands
of Reoeivsn and converted into money and paid to
their creditors as soon as possible. No serious in
convenience wiQ follow, as it is believed most of
them are solvent and will resume. Those which
are not solvent will ta wound up, and the sooner
the better for the people.
Josxrn E. Brows.
Correspondence of the Baltimore Sun.
THIRTY-FIFTH CONGRESS—Ist. Session
IN SENATE 7T7T Dec. 19.
Mr. Crittenden submitted isolations setting forth
that in consideration of the financial condition of
the conmry, and the embarrassments of tbe Treasu
>y, the rates of dnty established by the tariff of
March last ought to be materially increased, and
also in favor of the substitution of a system of home
valuation on imported goods. The resolution lies
over.
The Senate resumed the consideration of the
Treasure note bifl.
Mr. Wilson argued in favor of a revision of ths
tari J of 1846 so as to restore the duties on iron and
ootton and woollen goods. Under the embarrassed
circumstances of ths Treasury he would vote for an
issue to the extent of ten millions of tresanry notes
but no more.
Mr. Hunter replied that that amount would not
be enough, and it would beoome necessary to pass
another bill next month providing lor mors. It were
better to do it now all at once.
Mr. Wilson moved to strike out “fifty'’ and insert
“one hundred,” so that no treasury notes should be
iieued of a lees denomination than one hundred dol
lars, which was agreed to.
Mr. Pngh spoke In eppoeition to the bill. He re
garded it as a strange proposition to otme from the
democratic side of the chamber, to issue twenty
millions in ahinplasters, for they were nothing elec.
He was willing to vote for it, if it oould be reduced
so ae to provide only for the raising of so much
money as was wanted immediately. He submitted
some amendments, making the treasury notes pay
able to order, and requiring special endorsement
when they should be aeeigned or transferred.
Mr. Bayard thought these amendments would ba
vary unjust, as it would be morally lmpoeeible for
the officers of the government who were obliged to
receive theee notes in payment of does to the United
Statee, to test the genuineness of the signatures,
where there were half a dosen or a dozen endorse
ments ; and if there was a single one whioh was not
genuine -, the offioer receiving ths note would be
the loser in consequence.
Mr. Pugh defended his amendments, and avowed
his object to be to prevent ths circulation of these
notes as bank notes.
Mr. Davis briefly advocated the amendments
proposed by Mr. Pugh, for the reason that he did
not want theee notes to bs need as currency, but
only as permanent investments, or a medium of
exohange.
Ths question being taken, the amendments were
rejected—yeas 14, nays 30.
Ths bill was read a third time and passed—yeas
31, nays 18—as follows i
Yeas—Messrs. Allan, Bayard, Benjamin, Biggs,
Bigler, Brown, Clay, Crittenden, Douglas, Evans,
hitch, Fitspatiiok, Post, Green, Hals, Hunter,
Iverson, Johnson of Arkansas, Jones, Kennedy,
Mallory, Mason, Pearce, Polk, Reid, Sebaetian, Se
ward, Stuart, Thompson of New Jersey, Wilson and
Wriginr-31.
Nays—Messrs. Bell, Broderick, Chandler, Clark,
Collamsr, Davis, Dixon, Doolittle, Durkee, Fes
senden, Hamlin, Harlan, Johnson of Tennessee,
King, Pugh, Simmons, Trumbull and Wade—lß.
On motion by Mr. Iverson, tbe Senate then pre
oeedsd to the consideration of the bill from tbe
House of Representatives to amend the act of the
last session to regulate the compensation of mem
bers of Congress. Tbs bill proposes to pay the ar
rears of compensation at the commencement of each
aeesion, and at thereto 0f5250 per month thereafter
during the session.
Mr. Bayard opposed tbe bill, and hoped tbat if
tbe two Honsee passed It, it would be vetoed by
tbe President. Ils gave bis reasons in detail, show
ing wherein he thought it would operate unjustly.
Mr. Mason replied, and vindicated the bill.
Mr. Douglas expressed his purpose to offer some
amendments which would doubtless lead to consid
erable debate, and moved an adjonrnment, which
was agreed to, and, at a quarter past 6 o'clock.
Ths Senate adjourned.
HOUSE.
The House resumed tbe consideration of Mr. Ben
nett's resolution providing for the appointment of
a special committee to take Into consideration all
papers on ths subject of the Kailroid to the Pa
cific.
Mr. Barksdale made an unsuccessful motion
to table the resolution. Ths vote being yeas 94,
nays 99.
Several incidental questions were determined by
yeas and nays.
Mr. Florence stud the House had evidence that no
good oonid come of sitting on Saturday and made
an ir effectual effort to adjourn.
Pending the ooneideraiion of a proposition to take
np a bill, introduced by Mr. Bennett, for the ap
pointment of a committee of seven to inquire into
the snbjeet of a Railroad and telegraph to the Pa
cific. tbe House, en motion of Mr. J. Glanoy Jones,
resolved itself info tbe Committee of the Whole,
when the bill anthorising the iaaoe of Treasury notes
was taken nc.
Mr. J. Ulaney Jones said tbe bill proposed was
similar, in all material particulars, to all bills pre
viously passed for the same purpose. The bill of
183’ was paseed when the Whigs were in power,
the bill of 1847, when the Democrats were in power
in CoDgrees. He mentioned this fact to show that
all parties had passed like bills to tbe present.
There ere now impoits to the value of $28,000,000
In bonded warehouses, on which duties to tbe
amount of $6,000,000 will be paid, when entered for
oonrumption. Such duties will probably be long*
withheld from the Treasury. Therefore, though
the Treaeury is not now exhausted, the Treasurer
wante $20,01)0,000 placed at his disposal, to be used
when public exigency requires. He read a letter
from the Secretary to tbe Committee of Ways and
Means, stating these foots.
Mr. Ritchie doubted whether, after all, the Presi
dent really deeired the passage of the bill before the
House. He read from the Message to show that
the President thought the exigency requiring the
issue of sueh notes might not arise before tbe close
of the session. He denounced what he termed the
two kinds of Democracy i the one willing to have
and use only hard money, the other willing, when in
want of hard money, to Issue paper money. These
he termed theoretical and practical Democracy.
Mr. Banks thought a difference es principle, and
not of form alone, existed between the present bill,
and bills for a like purpose previously passed. Tbe
expediency of the lssne of snoh notes has always
been questioned by leading statesmen, who have
thongbt it tmadriMble, exoept when no other ex
pedient wonld serve. Sueh a msasare has nsver
been adopted but as a measure of necessity, when
relief oonid ta got in ao other form. No suob
necessity now exists. There has been no time
when a loan oould ta tatter obtained than now.
The banks are iq a bettor condition sow than at
any time es sneh issns heretofore. He wonld vote
for sueh a measure if it* necessity wsre shown, but
not otherwise.
Iu 1836, the President urged th* measure on the
ground of abeolute neceeaity, and it wae urged in
th* Hoot* on that ground by th* Chairman of the
Committee of Ways and Means. Such has been the
oase at th* time of every subsequent issue. In
1847, the exigency *roe* from th* exietenc* of an
expenaive war carried on in a foreign oountry.
He thought th* proposed notes should bo limited
to a year. Now, under the bill they are unlimited
ia time. He eondnded by introducing an amend
ment, to be hereafter offered, authorising the Presi
dent to effect a loan, If beahonld deem it necessary,
the whole amount of snoh loan, and of the Treasury
notes issued, not to exceed $20,000,000.
Mr. Milleon thought a deficiency of the revenne to
be now threatened by a failure of datiea. There
fore, to provide against snoh possible exigency, an
isene of notes ssay well be made. A loan, if effect
ed, might ta foond unneceesary, and a redemption
at a premium might re*nit, as heretofore ; whereas
an issue of Treasury notes oould, and would, bo
limited to suit the wants of th* country.
Treasury notes do not eonstitnt* s paper curren
cy. They are more paper acknowledgment of debt
to the lender of money to the government. They
eannot be a currency, and are not fitted for it, be
cause their value I* not fixed. They are worth more
day by day, a* iatereet accrue*. When ieeued in
past tune, they were not need os a currency, bnt
where bought and sold, for investment, like public
stocks.
The reading of the biD by sections was then be
gun ; when Mr. Banks proposed, as an amendment
thereto, that tbe issue of notes should ta limited to
January 1,1859.
Mr. Washburn, es Maine, thongbt the Administra
tion preferred an issue of Treasury notes to a loan,
lest it should ta reproached with making a loan to
defray the uanal expenses of the government.
Mr. Bishop said it had been asked, yesterday,
bow the government oonid now need an isene of
notes, when it has lately been paying a premium on
its stocks. He asked, have not private individuals,
everywhere, bought stocks at a premium, and yet
afterwards become insolvent T He did not think
with Mr. Milleon, that Wiese note* would not bo used
as correney. He thought such use requisite, end
regarded it as a great recommendation of the mea
sure He controverted the declaration of Mr. Banks
that the country is now prosperous. Money is in
the country, tat eannot ta had.
Mr. Davis, of Maryland, was opposed to ths bill,
saying in the course of his argument, that there was
no period fixed when the note* shall ta redeemed,
and which would therefore continue in circulation
os an irredeemable currency, based on tho faith of
the government. The striking down of the banks of
tho country by a bankrupt law being recommended
in the Preaidont’s Message, it may ta that the iaeue
of twenty millions of Treasury notes is designed to
fill a void the Democratic party mean to make, and
substitute the paper of the Treaeury for the paper
of the banks.
Without concluding the subject the committee
rose and the House adjourned.
SENTAE - Doe. 21.
Mr. Wright introduced a biD to continue the im
proYement of the barber of Newark, Now Jersey.
Referred. .
Mr. Bigg* submittoe a joint resolution, whioh was
adopted, yeas 84, nays 12, providing that when the
two Houses adjourn on Wsdnssdayrl ta to th* 4th
of January.
Mr. Winon, in punuanoe of previous nottoe, ask
ed and obtained bave to introduce a bill giving one
milhoaof acres es th* public land* for the support
of public free schools u th* District of Columns
Hr. Bigler, of FsnasyivuaU, proceeded to Td
dress th* Senate in defence of tbe Ksasus poUey ss
indicated ia too President ! message. H* was of
ths opinion that Mr. Dong las had mads a move ia
ths wrong direction ; and, ia reply to that geotla
ato, ta said that preeedeos proved tbe opposite of
wtat Mr. Douglas had said, namely t That where a
bill locking to the admission of anew Stats was
miaul on the subject of submittiag the eoostitutioa
to a vote of the people, it earned that eoorse by im
plication. Mr. Big Ur remarked that ha eoald not
foretell what his coarse would ba.
If th* persons charged with th* efeetioaia Kama*
should abuse -their power, tawoold ast recognize
the result; but if it wus fairly eoadaetad, and th*
opinion of th* public clearly ascertained *
slavery el&aae, u* should vote to admit Re -
to the Uaton with either a free or slave
ties-, becauseh* thought that this wr a
tendency to qoist th# question, sad hr * i, u -ba
people aradlmatiafed with ttair institution* they
8a m 7 | M “* T * u “°^ yof *
Mr. Dougla* repliedto Mr. Bigler, when the far
ther oonelderbtion of the subject was postponed.
After farther proceedings of no general in'ereet,
the Senate adjourned.
HOUSE
The House reeumedthe consideration of tho Trea
snrv Note Bill.
Mr. Abbott was altogether opposed to it, because
it was not necessary at the present time, and he
was not in favor of converting the General Govern
ment into a great National Bank for the purpose
of circulating paper money to the extent of $20,-
000,000.
He wonld protect the national honor and and cre
di, but in a way the least injurious to the people.—
Such an issue as proposed would prolong and aggra
vate the commercial embarrasements, and as a mea
sure of relief, he suggested the curtailment of all un
necessary expenses aud the abolition of sinecures.—
The Treasury would thns be relieved to thefextent
of more than $20,000,000.
Mr. Letcher, in replying to Mr. Abbott, said that
the latter would find the Democrats willing to re
duce the expenses of the Government where it could
be done without prejudice to the puclic interests,
aud proceeded to show the pressing necessity which
exists for the issue of Treasury note3.
Mr. Lovejoy opposed the bill, conceiving it to be
deceptive in its character. He could see no neces
sity for such a measure. The effect would be to
convert ths Treasury into a great National Bank,
and to flood the country with shinp’asUrs.
Mr. Campbell was willing to vote for relief, but he
wanted the bill additionally guarded ; and, with a
view of meeting the proposed notes, when they shall
beoome due, he indicated an amendment with a
view of imposing additional duties on certain man
ufactured goods, including those of Cotton, Silk,
Worsted, Iron, etc.
Tbe committee here rose, when a resolution was
passed limiting the debaie to morrow to two hours.
Mr. Warren asked, bat did not obtain leave, to
offer a resolution directing the Committee of Elec
tions to inquire and report whether Dr. Berachiscl
should not be excluded from bis seat as a delegate
from Utah, on the floor of the House. The House
then adjourned.
SENATE 771 T Dec. 22.
Mr. Wilson introduced a bill to secure to actual
settlers tbe alternate sections of the public lauds
received in grants to the States for railroads.
Mr. JohnsoD, of Tennessee, introduced a bill
granting to every head of a family who is a citizen
of the United States a homestead of 160 ao-es of
land on condition of occupancy and cultivation.
On motion of Mr. Slidell a resolution was adopt
ed requesting the President Ao communicate a re
cord of the proceedings of the several Naval Courts
of Inquiry.
The Senate resumed the consideration of the
President's annual message.
Mr. Stuart staled he had yielded tbe floor this
morning, by request, to Mr. Fitch, who desired to
express his views.
Mr. Fitch remarked that if the election took place
in Kansas yesterday. Congressional action on the
subject would soon bs required ; that is, assuming
tbat there were no frauds which would vitiate that
election. In expressing his views on the question,
he desired that the decision of the people of the
territory, whether to admit or exclude slavery,
should not be supposed to influence his opinions ;
and he therefore wished to speak on the subject iu
advance of any possible knowledge here of the
character of the proceedings at the election.
He would remark in advance, that while he should
feel bound to comment on some of the views tx-
E reseed by the Senator immediately before him (llr.
fonglas) he did not design to read him out of Lhe
party. But he would say that a man might, by liis
own voluntary act, either by promoting discord in
the party, or by somo other means, place himself
beyond the pale of the party, as such were put to
the necessity of reading persons out of their organi
zation. If however, there were any men iu the
democratic party who wished to take a position out
side of the party, who attempted to ferment discord
in the party in return for some fancied grievance in
times past, they would do well to remember tbe fate
of every such attempt that had ever been made,
from tbe days of Burr to those of Van Buren
Mr. Fitch was in favor of admitting Kansas with
whatever constitution she might preseut here pro
vided it was republican in form. The Convention
had the power to submit the Cousitution or with
hold it, and were only responsible to the people of
Kansas for tbe manner iu which they exercised
that right. He deeired to adopt the course produc
tive of the least evil to the greatest number.
Mr. Douglaes replied, if differing from the Presi
dent was “faction,” that the Senator had double
that amount of faction with himself. He had not
become the mere servile tool of any President, so
a to feel himself bound to take every recommenda
tion without examining to see whether it met his
approbation or not. As to harmony in the Demo
cratic party, he had only to say that if the Demo
cratic Senators and the President would stand by
the Cincinnati platform there would be harmony be
tween them all and himself. “Call.it faction—call
it wbat you please,” said he, “I intend to stand by
the Nebraska bill, to standby the Cincinnati plat
form, to Btand by the organization and principles of
the party, and X defy opposition from whatever
quarter it comes.”
The Sanate after an executive session adjourn
ed.
HOU6E.
The House went into committee on the Senate
Treaeury note bill.
Mr. Grow opposed the sending forth of irredeem
able paper currency, there being nothing in the
Treasury to red. em the issue, it would add to the
evils which now prevail. He favored a loan which
would bring forth $20,000,000 of coin now in se
cret recess, unemployed and wanting a safe invest
ment.
Mr. Smith, of Virginia, Mr. Adrian and Mr. J.
Glanoey Jones severally advocated the bill, an
swering various objections which had been made
against it.
Mr. Morris, of Pa., looked upon this as an attempt
to return to the policy with which lhe government
commenced, namely—a national currency. He was
in favor of a national bank, with such restrictions
as were proposed by Gen. Jackson. He rejoiced
that the government has acknowledged its duty to
supply a national currency, and was glad tbat the
President had adopted one of the principles in the
old Whig platform.
Various amendments were debated and finally the
Committee rose.
Tbe House passed the Senate Treasury note bill
without any amendment. Tne vote stood 118 yeas,
86 nays.
The House also passed the Senate's joint resolu
tion providing for an adjournment of Congress from
Thursday next to the 4th of J nnuary.
The House then adjourned.
SENATE Dec. 23.
Various branches ot the President’s Message
were appropriately referred.
Mr. Simmons gave notice of his intention 4o in
troduce a lower valuation bill.
Mr. Stuart then addressed the Senate on the sub
ject of Kansas.
Mr. Stuart said tbat it was remarked by Attorney
General Butler, iu the Arkansas case, that the pow
er of Congress upon the subject of the admissiou of
new States in plenary, when the question is pre
sented upon the admission of a State into the Union,
it must necessarily be det rmined by the circum
stances which surround and govern that particular
oase. It is power which authorizes the admissiou
es foreign States as well as those formed out of our
own dominions; and this stogie statement would
show at a glance tbat precedents never could aud
never ought to be regarded for the purpose of de
termining the power of the propriety in a particu
lar case.
The power of the admission of a State necessari
ly carries with it the power to decline to admit it.—
It may be very proper to refuse to admit a State to
day, and it may De quite the reverse of that one
year hence. Congress, and Congress alone, under
the power conferred upon it by the Constitution, is
Ao determine, not only the question whether a State
•shall be admitted at all, but is equally empowered
with authority to determine when it shall be admit
ted. He proceeded to show that enabling acts
were not to be regarded as indispensably necessary
to the admission of new States ; and then, having
laid down these general principles, ho proceeded to
apply them to the case under consideration.
The questions to be asked were, whether tho
form of Government was republican, and wlie'.ber
tbe people were satisfied with it and asked admis
sion under it; for the power of Congress was to ad
mit a Stale and not to coerce it.
Mr. Stuart contended that half the people in
Kansas had had no opportunity to vote for election
of delegates to the Convention, as in some counties
no census was taken, now could they be expected
to abide by its decision! Their voice had not been
heard. He also believed the Convention intended
a trick and fraud upon the people, and pursued a
similar line of argument to Mr. Douglas generally.
He said that he would never give his vote to
consummate that fraud, which he believed to be
the most enormous fraud that was ever undertaken
to bo practised upon any people under the forms of
law. He believed that if this constitution was fore
ed upon the people of Kansas, those who did it
would light the torch of civil discord throughout the
Union. They might cry peace, peace I but there
would be no peace.
Mr. Broderick followed Mr. Stuart in the de
bate, and in the course of his remarks severely
condemned the course of the President of tbe Uni
ted States.
The Senate then adjourned until the -Ith of Jan
uary.
HOUSE.
Mr. WarreD submitted the following preamble
and resolution:
“Whereas, It appears from the proclamation of
Brigham Young, late Governor of the Territory of
Utah, from the President's message aud from later
developments, that said Territory is now in a state
of open rebellion against tbe Government of the
United States. Therefore be it
“Resolved, That the committee on Territories be
instructed to report the facts, and to inquire into the
expediency of the immediate exclusion from this
floor, of the delegate from said Territory.”
Mr. Warren said this was a ease which thecoun
try and every honest man desired it to be investi
gated. Members were sitting here with a delegate
from a Territory which was not only nominally but
legally in open rebellion against the Government of
the United States.
After considerable discussion, the preamb'e and
resolution were adopted.
The deaths of Messrs. Brewton and Lockhart, late
members from Indiana, were announced.
The House then adjourned until the fourth day of
January.
Washingtok Items.— Tbe correspondent of tbe
New York Herald says that an important move
ment is on foot which promises an easy settlement
of the Kansas agitation. It is intended, when ths
Leeompton constitution comes on, to take it up by
the friends of the administration, both as a par-y
measure and as a formal assertion of the Democrat
ic principle of popular sovereignty. The constitu
tion will be passed, with a proviso that it shall be
presented to the people of Kansas for Huai accep
tance and ratification.
It is rumored that the Tennessee delegation in
Congress have uuanime uily resolved to reject the
Leeompton constitution.
The foreign appointments are now under con
•■deration by the President, bat it is doubtful if
they will be sent to the Senate until the Kansas is
sue assumes a definite shape. There are but ten
Consulates of any real value to be distributed,
and for those and others of minor importance the ap
plicants number nearly seven bnndred.
James M. Buchanan, of Baltimore, will be ap
pointed Minister to St. Petersburg.
Order* are to be despatched by the California
steamer of the 29th to Capt. Paulding, of the Wa
bash, and to all other officers to command es United
States vessels of war, on tbe Gulf of Mexico the
Oaribean sea, or the Parfic, to ntercept all filibus
ters who msy be on their way to Gen. Walker, and
to prevent them from landing.
Some of the most experienced Senators doubt
whether the revenues from customs wilt equal the
estimate* of the Secretary of the Treasury for the
current fiscal year and the following year.
After deliberation, it has been determined to ac
cept Gov. Walker s resignation, and the Secretary
of State has addressed Lima letter intended to con
fute his impeachment of the President econsisteucy,
and to answer other points winch effected the policy
of ths Administration.
Nativ* Aericass.— The habits of these primi
tjve people, as described by Dl. Livingstone, are
most interesting. He says :
AD are remarkably fond of their cattle, and spend
time in ornamenting them and adorning them.
Some are branded all over with a hot knife, so as to
canse a permanent discoloration of the hair, in lines
Eke ths oreads os the hide of a zebra. Pieces of
■hiti two or throe inches long and broad are detqph
sd and allowed to heal in a dependent position
around the head—a strange style of ornament; in
deed, it is difficult to conceive in what their notions
of beauty oonsists. The women have somewhat the
mom ideas with ourselves of what constitutes come-
Unem. They came frequently and asked for the
looking-glass , and the remarks they made—while
I was engaged in reading, and apparently not at
tending to them—on first seeing themselves therein,
wsreamasinglyrediculons. “Istbat me!’ ‘-What
a Dig mouth I have 1” “My ears are as big as
pumpkin loaves.'’ “I have no chin at all.” Or,
fi l would have taea pretty, bnt am spoiled by these
high cheek bone*.” “See bow raj head shcots_ np
ia the middle!” laughing vociferously all the time
at thir own joke. They readily perceive any defect
in each other, and give nicknain s accordingly. One
man came along to have a quiet gaze bt his own
featurm one*, when ke thought I was asleep ; after
twistiog bis mouth about in various directions, he
remarked to himself, “People say I am ugly, and
how very ugly I am indeed r’
WEEKLY
Ckaniclr & Sentinel
AUGUSTA, GA.
WEDNESDAY MORNINO, DEC. 30. tSST.
Dow to write to nn Editor.
We are frequently very much annoyed and per
plexed by the acta of omission as weli as commis
sion, of some of those who write us on business.—
Hence we have determined to suggest to those who
may have occasion to write us, how to do it, in the
most approved manner—if they wish to have their
requests properly attended to.
The first thing to be done is, to write plainly at the
head of your letter, your Pest Office. This done, then
tell us in a 3 few words as possible, to make yourself
clearly understood, what you wish, (we have a morta
aversion to long letters,) and it you should happen to
wish your paper changed from one Post Office to an
other, please do it in t hese words, “Change my paper
from ,to ** Be certain always to in
form us at what Office you have been receiving
your paper, otherwise we cannot make the change,
unless we happen to know.
Gov. Brown’s Veto Message.
We have read this remarkable document, and
cannot omit the opportunity afforded us to congratu
late the Democracy of the State upon their triumph
in electing such a creature (he does not deserve the
name of mau) to the Executive chfrir. We had
heard much of the message and its author, from
men of all parties, and especially from Democrats,
who denounced both in no unmeaning or measured
phrase; but we confess, much as we had heard, we
were whol'y unprepared for the reality. For never
have we witnessed, in ah our experience, such a dis
play of stupidity, ignorance, and low, grovelling
demagoguism as Gov. Brown ha3 made in this ve
to message. It is throughout, the low and miserable
effort, of a most contemptible demagogue, to array
the prejudices of the poor against the rich; and shows
most conclusively, to all intelligent men, at ali con
versant with the question, that the Governor has
not sufficient intelligence upon the subject which he
attempts to elucidate to tell the truth. He is really
and in truth, and we say it in no spirit of disparage!
ment, bo utterly ignorant of the whole subject, that
he has rendered himself eimpiv ridiculous, and Lis
message is altogether beneath criticism.
Iu conclusion we cannot but congratulate the De*
mocracy, on their triumphant success, infinding out
thus early, “Who is Brown V 1 This wasaques
tion which excited no little solicitude in the outset
of the late Gubernatorial canvass, and the faithful
in this region were very much exercised to ascertain
its true solution. Now, when asked “ Who is
Brown 1” they unhesitatingly respond “a d — d
foal? Although we do not fu.ly appreciate the civ
ility of thus speaking of a man whom they contribu
ted by their influence, money and votes to elevate
to the first office in the State, yet we cannot ques
tion their sagacity and the correctness of their judg
ment.
Since the foregoing was written we have met
with the following comments of the Savannah Re -
publican.
The Bank Bill Veto. —When commenting
briefly on this Executive document yesterday, from
mere hearsay of its contents, we recommended that
its author be subjected to that surgical process
known among farriers as “cutting for the simples.”
We have since received and read the document for
ourselves, and we take back the remedi l sugges
tion. It would do no gooef. The case is a desperate
one, and beyond the reach of the surgical art.
Nothing short of a complete metamorphosis of the
entire creature could eradicate the malady. Should
any reader doubt our diagnosis in the case, the
message is before him—let him read and determine
for himself.
But, seriously; how any man with common re
spect for his reputation, and the ordinary means of
information at Lis command, should have deliberate
ly set to work and written out, for publication,
some thirty pages of comments and arguments upon
a subject, of the first principles as well as the de
tails of which he is profoundly and irredeemably
ignorant, we are at a loss to comprehend. It must
require a combination of vanity and stupidity
hitherto unparalleled. When such a document,
emanates from the Chief Executive of a great State,
and is addressed to the Representatives of the Peo
ple, to be filed away as a part of the history of the
Limes, the mystery becomes still more surpassing,
while the shame reaches out from the primary
offending party, and settles down upon a whole
community who have selected to rule over them a
v&'n-glorious boaster and blockhead.
And then, mother view of the case presents itself:
Blunders and petty vanity may be tolerated when
they are harmless; but when the vast interests of a
great people are in issue, and liable to be sacrificed
to appease such folly, the subject looms up with au
alarming aspect. Fortunately in the present in
stance, there was wisdom and patriotism enough in
a co-ordinate branch o,t the government to arrest
the impending evil; yet it was barely done, and
the dangers we have escaped should teach a lesson
never to be forgotten, to wit: ignorance clothed
with power is the most potent engine of mischief.
We have no purpose to review this message in
de tail ; nor, indeed, is it necessary to the intelligent
reader, who cannot fail to discover the utter folly of
its financial positions, its groundless premises, and
false conclusions, its shameless mis-statement of
facts, its pittiable demagoguiam and its malicious
intent. Asa whole, it is a disgrace to the State
both in matter and spirit. Its cant about “laboring
masses,*’ “privileged classes,’* purse-p oud aristo
cracy,” ‘ the rich and the poor,” &e., <fce , is un
worthy the exalted position of Governor, and dis
graceiul to its author as a public man and states
man. The studied and labored attempt to get up a
war ofclasees iu our State, to array the poor against
the rich and the country against the cities, is un
patriotic and contemptible. For nine-tenths of his
facts he has drawn upon his fancy, and those that
are reliable are made the support of most ridiculous
and unauthorized conclusions. As an instance of
this, we may cite the following : He takes the po
sition that the suspension of the Banks has caused
the fall in cotton and the depreciation cf properly
generally, and alludes to the banks of Louisiana,
which have not suspended, with an air of triumph,
wbeu it is a notorious fact, that cotton has been, and
is to-day, lower, by from a cent and a half to two
cents in the market of New Orleans than in either
Savannah or C’harleston! llis illustration not only
fails to sustain his petition, but proves, if anything,
that exactly the opposite is true—that a failure to
suspend has been a cause of depreciation. But we
will not follow’ his arguments, nearlyailof which are
of a class with the above.
We are no champoin of the banks, and have no
motive to defend them when in the wrong. Our
past course, we trust, is a guarantee of our justice
and impartiality in regard to them and all other
great interests of the State. We shall ever, how
ever, be found to advocate tLe truth, and to repel all
who would encroach upon it, to the best of oar
ability. Asa public journalist, we could do no lees.
In that capacity, then, we pioteet against the un
worthy attempt of Gov. Brown to poison the public
mind with the belief that Banks aie an institution
antagonistic to the laboring classes, and that live
and thrive upon their ruin. Such is not the truth.
The stockholders of the banks of Georgia—instead
of being “purse-proud aristocrats,” as he terms
them —are, no doub , a majority, people in humble
circumstances, widows, orphans, and men who have
laid up a little for themselves and desire to invest it
eafely for the maintenance ot themselves and their
children. Instead of battening and growing rich on
the public distress in times of pecuniary pressure, it
is a well known fact that they sutler more at such
times than any other class of p ople. Banking can
only thrive when the people are prosperous, and in
a fiuaueial crisis it is notorious that these institu
tions are the tiret to feel the pressure, and if at all
crippled in either mear.s, to go by the board.
It is equally ridiculous to assort, as Gov. Brown
does, that the profits of institutions range trom
thirty to fifty per cent. If it be so, why vh it that
the holders of stock have failed to fii.d it out ? Is it
shown iu their dividends ? And if not, what becomes
of this vast accumulation of profits ? Why is it,
too, that Bank stock are ever on tlia market for sale,
and that when said shrewd financiers can never bo
induced to purchase them at prices to correspond ?
Why is it that Gov. Brown’s poor down-trodden and
oppressed farmers and laborers will give from a
thousand to fifteen hundred dollars for slaves, and
from ten to twenty dollars per acre for lands, while
this capital can be invested in stocks that will yield
them a dividend of from thirty to fifty per cent?
What a remarkable blindness to interest we have
here, if the Governor of Georgia is to be believed.
We have neither room nor inclination to go fur
ther into this most unique and wonderful production,
whose financial arguments are the laughing stock
of every merchant's clerk in the land. We cannot
refrain, however, from copying an extract from
the message which is a gem of its kind, and for
assured simplicity and ignorance without a parallel.
The Governor is oombattin r the alleged rehtive
indebtedness of the Banks and the people, when he
makes the following woude ful discovery, which,
somehow, was entirely overlooked by his unenlight
ened predecessor! Let Bank men, merchants,
clerks, school hoys and all, read it for their special
edification. Hesays:
“ But is it'trae the people owe the Banks $22,-
000.000, and the Banks only owe the people $5,000,-
000 ? If it is true the Presidents and Cashiers of the
Banks of Georgia have not bo stated under oath.—
The returns made to this office, in obedience to the
last call made upon the banks, by the Executive, to
return their condition under oath as required by the
statute, show that the assets of the baDks, including
notes discounted, bills of exchange, and all other as
sets on the one hand; and the liabilities of the banks,
including bills iu circulation, depoj.ts made with
them, and all other liabilities on the other hand pre
cisely balance to a quarter of a cent. And I may
say thnt it is a little remirkable tba’ these re
turns made twice a year, by each bank, and made
for a day in ths past, set by the Executive, should
in every case show an exact balance between the as
sets and liabilities of the banks. I wfilnot say that
any of them are untrue,.but I will say that it shows
a remarkable precision in the transaction of their
business; that they should keep a;i exact balance
sheet, never varying a quarter of- a cent, when the
asse‘s and liabilities amount to hundreds of thou
sands of dollars.”
There !s a mistake somewhere; the statement as
to the amount of the people's liability to the banks
is incorrect or their sworn returns are not easily ex
plained. I leave the banks to reconcile it.”
What will the world say to this specimen of finan
cial wisdom! llow would the Governor have the
account presented except in the form of a balanced
statement ? If he desires the excess of indebted
ness over assets, or vice versa, let him run over the
items and he will have it to his hand,
Southern Cultivator.
The January number of this excellent agricultu
ral journal has been ia : d on our table. The Culti
vator. says the Savannah Republican , u worth five
times the amount of subscription to any planter or
housekeeper in the country, and there is no better
time to subscribe than at the beginning of anew
year and anew volume. Address Win. S. Jonee,
Augusta, Ga., enclosing sl.
We give below the table of contents for the Jse
nary number:
Plantation Economy and Miscellany - Guano,
Ashes, anti the Analyse o* Soil-. Ei -ay on the Hear
ing, Management and F. od of the Horse : Agricul
tural value ard U3c3 of Lime and Marl ; Oar Do
mestic Animals ; Packing P rk and Beef; Petition
of tbs Southern Central Agricultural Society of
Georgia, to the General Assembly; Agricultural
Noveitiee—Aquisitions, Humbugs, &e ; “Soiling”
Cattie. Ac.c : A Southern Cottage : Cotton Culture—
Cut Worms, Acc.; Cisterns —Rainwater —Gutters or
Eave Troughs, 60c.: Goseipium—Cotton, Grapes.
Acc., Horticultural Premiums; Imphee and Sorgho
—Vilmoria s Letters: A Georgia Model Farm ; Ed
ucationa] Stuffing ; History and Habits of the Army
Worm ; Bermuda Grafts, 6oc ; Weight?', Measures
and Coin ; Tkinniog Fores?*-, Trees on Farms; Des
troying Ants ; Evergreens, Ac; Artificial and Stable
Manure; Children—A very common Err or ; Bum
bie-bt>eCotton; Animal Diet—bad for Children. &c ;
Education of Girls . Jerusa *:m Ar'ichc-kes —Blue
and White, Ac.; The age of Seeds, Ac.; Cultore of
Broomscdge Land, Ac.
Editorial.—Answers to Orreapondenta ; The
Southern Cultivator for 1858— Leading Features;
Our Book Table: Lite Southtrn Fairs; Hint3 for
the Month, The Future of Cotton Culture in the
Soother* States, No. 1.
HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT—Notes on New
Seeding Apples; The Yepon, or Southern Tea
Plants ; Planting Treei , A California Orchard; TLe
Delaware Grape—high Cultivation.
Domestic Economy and Kecipes.—Cleaning
Baddiee, Ac.; Gold Cake; B’lverCake; To remove
Warts ; Stewed Beefsteak. Ac , Ac.
Losses on the Lakes.— The Chicago Press states
the value of property loel on the lakes during the
year 1857 to be $1,900,315. This ie partly insured
Two hundred and twenty-one lives have been lost.
Chrixtmns Holidays*
It Is the vilest of the effects of the hard tinea
says the Baltimore American, that they have ven
tured to attack the integrity of the Christmas holi
days—to insinuate doubts of the solvency of old
Santa Claus, to assert that his prancing reindeers
are under duress for debt, and to question his ability
to fill pendant stockings with their wonted plethoric
abundance of sugar plums a id toothsome delicacies.
The heresy meets, it is true, with a stout denial;
the children are especially incredulous as to the
failure of that one aunual dividend upon which so
much of juvenile happiness depends, and in spite of
the ominous croakings of those who utter Poor
Rickardisuis at this inappropriate juncture, there are
mauy who will join them iu refusiug to deduct one
iota from the liberal honors and joyous observance
of a season w'hich has its uses not ouly in driving
dull care away, but tends to connect religion with
the social enjoyments ot life, to render it cheerful in
hopes, its faith and its consolations—jubilant here
as foreshadowing a more jubilant hereafter—joyous
iu time, blissful iu eternity. The people wLp do not
care for holidays, who look upon these occasions as
ouly suited for the amusement of children, as sea
sons of frivolous nonsense and foolish expendi
ture, and from tho heights of an isolated selfishness
upon which they stand take grim pleasure in ma
king themselves morose, ascetic and uncomfortable!
just when the great mass of their fellow beings are.
striving to be especially jolly and happy, would be
entirely contemptible were it not that they axe to
be so especially pitied.
There is always a great deal of practical common
sense in promoting seasons of joyous festivity aud
hearty mirth, and there are at this time substantial
reasons why the coming holidays should be kept
with particular festivity and with more than wonte
rejoicing. The grim seriousness of American every
day life has had the darker coloring of a crisis of
suffering and revulsion thrown upon it, and now
that we are emerging from that shadow, aud finding
in reality that we were more scared than hurt, the
enjoyment of a good holiday, the cherishing of this
most social of our annual festivals without fuss,
preparation or paroxysm, but with such observances
as will invigorate and cheer the public mind, whi e
they unlock unnecessarily hoarded stores and give
impetus to an enlarged social and charitable expen
diture, would do much toward promoting better
feeling, stirring up the retail business, upon wh b
so many depend for profit and employment, and h
ting people for renewed exertions. Let us come
out Os our Castle Dismal, into tho darkest den of
which a temporary panic has driven us, and find in
this season an opportunity to gladden ourselves and
others by opportune evidences of kindness to those
around us, aud of appreciation of the wants of oth
ers, to whom even this time of rejoicing may bring
no cessation of the threatening aud privations of
poverty.
Death of an Editor. —J. Mi lton Clapp, as
sociate Editor ot the Clarleston Mercury, died on
Wednesday afternoon. He had long been an in
valid, and no hopes were entertained of his restora
tion to health. Tho Charleston papers render a
sincere tribute to his memory as a man of marked
work.
Thos. Huff’, of Lumpkin co., Ga., aged 15 years,
was one of five passengers by the Star of the West,
who died, on the passage tiom New Orleans, of yel
low fever contracted during the stay at Havana.
Missionary Fund. —At Washington, Wilkes
county, on Saturday night last, while the annual
Conference was in session, a missionary subsci ip
tion was taken up amounting to $1,400, most of
which was subscribed by the preachers.
The Nashville Bank of Commerce has been
placed in process of winding up. Those who hold
the notes of this bank, are informed that they can
get notes of the Bank of Tennessee for them, by
presenting them at the counter of the bank.
A Man Buried with a Belt Full of Gold
Around Him. —A bout a month ago the body of a
man, who was supposed to have been accidentally
drowned, was found at Jersey city, and without due
examination interred. It was subsequently ascer
tained to be that of a German named Nickolas
Wertner, of Mnscoutha,St. Clair county, Illinois,
and that he was on his way to Germany. A few
days ago his widow arrived at Jersey city, and
having stated that he left home with considerable
money, his remains were exhumed by the authori
ties. The result was the finding of a belt about the
body containing sixteen hundred dollars in gold.
Gallantry oftiie {Spaniards and Polks.—
Lola Montes thinks the Spaniards and Poles the
most gallant people in the world. In a recent lec
ture, at Philadelphia, she said :
In Madrid she had seen the students throw down
their cloaks iu the dust to form a carpet for a beau
tiful woman to cross the street upou. And it is not
unusual to see the common people follow a beauli
ful woman with such exclamations as “Blessed be
the mother that gave bir hto such beauty.” Aud
in Poland she had seen a lady’s shoe taken from her
foot and filled with champagne, and passed up and
down the table by all the gentlemen for a drinking
cup ; but this was a piece of gallantry which could
only be paid to a lady who was celebrated for a
beautiful foot.
Resumption ok Specie Payments.— The offi.
cers of all the batiks in Boston, with a single ex
ception, met on Monday morning and unanimously
resolved to commence specie payments that day.
The Phillipsburg (N. J ) Bank has also resumed.
It is thought all the country banks of New York-
New Jersey and New England (except Rhode
Island) will forthwith formally resume, as the sus
pension with the most of them was only nominal.
The Fever at Jacksonville. —The Jackson
ville News publishts the following card, dated the
?th ult., from J. I). Mitchell, M. D., of Jacksonville.-
“I aui happy to inform you and your numerous
patrons that the yellow Lver, which has been pre
vailing here to an alarming degree since August
24th, has entirely disappeared.
I would say to all who have been staying away
on account of this epidemic, that our town was
never in a metre healthy condition than at the pres
ent time.
Absentees are returning and business, which has
for the last three months been almost entirely sus
pended, has put on a more cheerful and lively ap
pearance.”
A Free Love Bonfire.—The Berlin Heights
(Ohio) free lovers, after agreeing to leave town,
waited long enough to issue a number of their So
cial Revolutionist , a free love magazine. But when
sev-eral bags of them were being taken to the Post
office, the women of the village made a rush for the
wagon, seized the bags, bore them to the outskirts
of the town, and made a huge bonfire of the con
tents. Barry, the publisher, attempted to interfere,
but was seized and held by his long beard until the
work was accomplished, when a motion was made
to shave him, at which he bounded oIT, and al
though hotly pursued, succeedded in escaping life
tormentors.
Bethany College.—lt was staled on Saturday
that this college, in Brooke county, Va., had been
destroyed by fire. The loss, including college build
ings, libraries, apparatus, Ac., is estimated at from
$ 125,000 to $159,000. There was an insurance on
the property of $50,000.
Banks in St. Louis.— The directors of the City
Banks of St. Louis, which was incorporated with a
capital of $2,000,000, have voted to surrender their
charter. The Bank of St. Louis, whosa charter al
lows of an extension of the capital ot $1,000,000,
will, it is underriood, go into operation without
much further delay.
The New York Mirror states that. Mrs. Fanny
Kemble’s readings of Shakspcarc are for the bene
fit of Mr. Butler, her former husband, from whom
she was divorced some years ago, and who is said
to have lost the greater part of his immense fortune
by the recent revulsiena. The traducera of the sex
will have to recant, for if it is true, as stated by the
Mirror, the conduct of the divorced wife is certainly
far above ell praise.
A JOLIFICATION OF SIX HUNDRED YEARS.—The
old farm house of Mr. Samuel R oker, in Wells,
Me., was the scene of joviality, of the real Methu
selali order, on Monday evening last, on the occa
sion of the annual occurrence of one of those truly
cld-fashioned gatherings, v. herein thr* old folks go
ia for enj >yment. Os those present the united ages
of eight amounted to six hundred and four years.
Each one of the hale old party brought a genuine
old-fashioned spinning wheel, and the buzzing they
made for a short time was considerable.
Alabama Money Misapplied —lt ia known in
financial circles, says the N. Y. that the sum of
$300,000, eent to a banking firm of New York by
the Treasurer of Alabama, to pay the State debt,
due last January, was by them misapplied. This
breach ol trust should be an exampl ? to other States
not to place their funds in the hands of unreliable
parties fur the trivial consideration of obtaining the
interest on the amount for a short time. The knowl
edge of perfect security, even if no interest accrues,
is certauly a more important end.
Tne Harrisburg Telegraph states teat Mias T. E.
Watkins, a distinguished colored lady of Baltimore,
delivered a lecture iu that city on Saturday eve
rting. Her subject was ‘ The Enslaved Negroes of
the South.”
A Deluge of the Ts. Deums.—lt will be remem.
bered that some time ago the House of Bishops of
the Ep scopal Church offered a handsome premium
for the beat ordinal Te Deum adapted for Congre
gational to be sent in by the Ist of October. A
letter from New York states that no fewer than eix
ty-eeven Te Dtums were sent ia. Oa Thursday
ev- ning last seven of these compositions were sub
mitted bo a practical test at the Church of the Holy
Communion, with splendid effect. The committee
will give their decision in a few days.
The Sugar Crop.—The Baton Rouge Advocate
learns that many of the planters iu that region have
stopped their mills, the damaged condition of the
cane not paying for the expense and trouble of
grinding it. The crop, it ia estimated, will be about
100,900 hogheads short of the calculations made
previous to the freezes of last month.
Tu# Revulsion —Reduction in Prices.—The
furniture of a ?plendid house in the Fifth avenue,
Naw York, which cost $40,000 a couple of yearn
ago, eoid for SIO,OOO at auction, the day before yes
terday. The late proprietor had succumbed to the
panic.
The New Hampshire Mills axe resuming. Sever
al are already m active operation, and others are
making preparations to commence as speedily as
possible.
Gen. Wm. T. Haskell, of Tennessee, has written a
letter to the editor of the Frankfort (Ky.) Common
wealth, in which he suggests the erection of a monu
ument to the memory of Lieut. Thoa. Ewell, “tie
Hero of Cerro Gordo.”
A Suggestion.—To make letters secure, use the
postage stamp as a seal on the back of the letter
then by the Post Master stamping his mail mark
over it, letters cannot be opened and re-sea ed as
they frequently are by dampening lb* self-sealing
tnvelopt—or else use sealing-wax.
Acccpuuicc of Governor Walker’s K*s sn&tHm.
The President’on Wednesday, iaite<pou?e to J
resolution of the Senate, transmitted to that body a
mass of yublic document* with refere :• to th
Territory of Kansas. The following letter is anon;-
the papers, accepting the rceignatlin of ( viruo;
Walker.
0 Department of Suete )
Washington, December 18,
Sir : On Wednesday lastl received your com
munieation of the 15th nut., tendering your re sign a
tion as .Governor of Kansas. This resignation i
accompanied by n long argument *r. the ffi'n'rv? t>
the Territory, to* which, you or J* well aw.;r , i
would be improper for the department to reply. I
any officer of the government who feels him e;'co:
strained to refuse obedience to the im i ructions ot
the President of-the United Staten should pursue
this uuusual course, and thus place < n the ti m of
the appropriate department criticisms on the poli
cy of the administration, iio person knoAv bait >
than yourself to what consequences this might 1 ad
The department must either cause chai sand
arguments against the Presidi-ut to bo fib and a;m*ng
the public archives of the country wit bout con.ra
diction or reply, or it must spend the !i ne which
ought to be devoted to the public —rvi. ■,* in coo
troversies with subordinate officers who may -s
approve the President’s policy Whilst duty, there
fore, forbids me to enter into a controversial discus
siou with you on the various topics embraced by
your argument, ii is proper that 1 should make a
remark upon a single point.
You 6tate that the President has changed his poll
cy in regard to Kansas. And why His allegation?
Simply because the convention oi Kansas had. in
*> the exercise oi* the light belonging to them, dec idtd
that they would not suburb the whole c**m titu !
to the people, and although they had submitted the
all-important and dangerous question of slavery
which threatened to convulse the Union, and wu
alone proirine tin the minds of the people through
out every State, he had not treated the submission
of this momentous question as a mere nullity.
Under these circumstances, ir was his imperative
duty, and this iu strict c hiformity with previous i •
struct one, to take care that a fair election should
be held on this vital question, and thin give pea< .*
to the Union, llud be acted in any o h.*r nmnnt-r
merely because he preferred th“ submission of iho
constitution origin&iiy to the people, Ids !o ; po:i*:h |j.
ty would have been of the gravest character. It
never intended or exptessed the opinion that toe
convention were bound to submit any port in t of the
constitution to the people, except, the ‘que.-rinn ot
slavery, much less that that, portion of the <• > t tu
tion would be invalid without such a submission.
Had he entertained such an opinion this would
have been in opposition to the numerous precedent *
which have occurred since the adoption ol the fede
ral constitution by the different Sfai< s. T.i • qm v
tion of slavery was the all nb.oibiug question, and
you were sent to Kansas with the full < ontidenev cf
the President to carry out the principle---tt to-
Kan as-Nebranka act. With the qio-.-uum wUto.-r
Kansas was to be a free or a slave f to you u . >•
not to interfere. The President was, tl eu-foi **. Lap- ;
py to learn from your despatches to this department :
of the 15th of July last that in all your speech* s you
refraiped lroin expressing any opinion a- to whether !
Kansas should Oe a slave or a State
I am instructed to inform you that yourret -g j
nation of the office of Governor ot Kansas has been j
accepted. I am, sir, your ob< dient m* vant,
Lewis Cass
lion. Robert J. Walker, Washington.
Tnese documents also include the instinct ions to
Gen Denver, the new Governor of Kansas
Department or State, £
Washington, Dec. 11 1857. \
Jas W. Denver, Secretary and Acting Governor
of Kansas Territory: Sir—You have already been i
informed that Mr. Stanton lias been removed from I
the office of Secretary of the Territory of Kansas, ■
and that you have been appointed in his place. J
desire now to state to you distinctly the reason of j
this change. The Convention whirii met at Lecomp
ton on the Ist of September had framed a ro:i®tru- i
tion. and had authorised its Prtsident to submit the
question to the people on tha 21st of December, !
who are to decide whether this constitution should I
be adopted without slavery. The importance ot !
the issue could not well be over etoima’ed. It in
volved the complete aud authoritative Rcttlcmim:
of the only subject of difference which had s e am -lv j
agitated Kansas, or inter lered with its prospt my. -
The qualified electors, therefore, to wnmii tiffs rot
tlemeut was referred, hau not only an unquestiou
able right to attend at the polls and give their vote.- ;
on the day appointed, but they were required to do j
so by the highest considerations of public duty In
the exercise of this right, moreover, they w; or.
titled to an adequate protection by the Territorial
Government, aud the acting Governor was bound i
to employ all the legal me ns at his t-ommard to j
give security and fairness to the election. W ; h
the conflicting opinions wlff.- h pi> .ed in tli • t’ei !
ritory on the question submitted, lie had no right to
interfere. They had their appropriate issue id the
ballot box, and to that peaceful arbitrament they j
might safely be referred. The treat object to b -
accomplished, in the opinion of the President, v a
to preserve the peace of the Territory, and venure |
the freedom of election. Entertaining theo viev.v, ,
he was surprised to learn that the Sec • y aud
acting Governor had, on the first of December,! - ;
sued his proclamation fora special oi iff.* i
Territorial Legislature, on the ~th i it., only a few
weeks in advance of its regular tifito of meeting,
and only fourteen days before a decision wis to be
made on the question submit e<l by the Convention.
This course of Mr. Stanton, the President t em u- y
believes, haa thrown anew *1 ment id di.cqd
among the excited people of Kansas, and it, is di
rectly at war, therefore, with tho peaceful poL-.y oi
the administration. For this reason lie I,ns fell.it
his duty to remove him.
From these views you will readily understand
what the president regai ds as thee.tied duty which
devolves upou you as Mr. Stanton’.- su< c r
This duty is to preserve the peace of Kansas. Every
person entitled to a vote on the constitution, ought
to have a safe access to the polls, and be free from
any restraints whatever, in the exercise of the elec
tive franchise, li the eh il power bi . ii
cient for this purpose, the fivopsof the United State.-, i
should be employed in aid of it, and it may be wise j
precaution to have- them stationed in advance, with 1
m reach of those places, where, in your judgment , !
their services are likely to be required.
It is earnestly hoped that the use of the military I
power may be wholly avoided. Violence is always i
less likely to occur when the means are known t. I
be at hand for its prompt suppression. Should the
military force become absolutely necessary to keep
the peace you will find full ’nstruetious with refe
rence to the proper mode of employing it, i * my
communications to Governor YValker of March
28th, July 25th, and September 2d, 1557, and in
those subsequently written to Mr. Stanton. O
these last, that ot November Jtitli was taken to
Kansas by you, and you had a copy of it. All o:
them will doubtless be found in the archives of the
Governor, at Lecomptnn.
They refer prominently to the preservation of
the peace at certain impoitant elections. But- I
need hardly inform you that your duty is not in
tended to Vie confined to these special occasions. I!
extends, of course, to the protection of all oit tsons in
the exercise of theirjust rights, and applies to on
legal election as well as another. The Territorial
Legislature doubtless convened on the 7th insf., and
while it remains iu cession, its members are entitled
to be secure and free iu their deliberations. Its
rightful action must also he respected. Should if
authorize an election by the people forany purpose,
this election should be held without interruption,
no leas than those authorized by the Convention.
While the peace of the territory is preserved, and
the freedom of election is s ‘cured, there need bo
no fear of disastrous consequences.
The public journals contain reports of an inten
ded movement, by a portion ot the residents of
Kansas, to organize a Revolutionary Govern!*.
under the Topeka Constitution. 1: is hardly possi
ble this report can be well f uiuded, but, should the
attempt be made, and lead to a practical eolliiiou
with the Territorial authorities, the authority ot the
Government must necessarily b - maintained, and,
from whatever quarter it. is attempted to interfere
by violence, with the election authorized by the
constitutional convention, or which muy be author
itied by the Legislature, the attempt must lm . > •".,<•
ted, ad the security of the election he mainta’nf and
The peaceable progress ol thesi elect ions can ob
viously occasion no injury to any citizen of any par
ty, because their results can have only Dion due
weight under the constitution and the btws. If. is to
be expected, therefore, that no good citizen will en
deavor to interfere with them, but that all the peo
ple will be contented to see the v/ork of the Con
vention peacefully carried out to its legiiinoite re
sults, and fairly preeenled to tho cjns.d*.-iau ni oi
Congress.
The President relies upon your firmn< * and dis
cretion to give effect to these instim don*. It is
vitally important that the people ot Kai • .is should
have the lull determination <>i the quc. !:un now be
fore them for decision. It ia important. also, that,
in securing to ihem t he protection to which tlymo
entitled, great care should be taken nut to <iguniz .
any illegal authority. On this point I again retcr
you to my instructions to Govmiuir Walter and
Secretary Stanton, which you will r :;--t. da ; direct
ed to yourself. It is prop-.i to add tl. . no action
of the Territorial Legislature about to n <t, can
interfere with the elections of the let of D- ceui
ber, and the 26tb of January, in the mode and in “li
ner prescribed by the Constitutional Convention
I am, sir, respect ally your obedient rervaiit,
Lewis Cas*.
Education in the Navi .—Certain of our naval
officers have addressed a memorial to Congress ask
ing for the adoption of a regular system of educa
tion on board men of-war. They dn ire that school
masters i-hall be appointed by ti e federal govern
ment, at a fair salary, to superintend the instruc
tion of the boys and stu b men am’ ng tbe crew * kb
are anxious to avail themselves of the p.u (unity
to learn. Tbe additional expense incurred, the me
morialists think, would be doubly repaid by the
rapid improvement in the qursonnel of the navy,
aud the increased facility of shipping men and boy
at our recruiting fatal ions. Wiie.niti.- possible to
obtain an elementary English edm.’ ii . aboard
ship, a very grave objects n 1 the en irlmont of
youth iu the seivice wiii hav b-e;i re.and
the improvement iu the intelligence of ( r< v/a must
greatly increase; the efficiency of oui .. it- iit.vy
Westward Hoi—Large earn it up. cons -ring of
white faini.ies, with their negroes, mules, Ac., are
passing through our city, says the Beima (Ala ) Re
porter, on the way to Texas, almost, daily. We are
glad to see this, as t;.i re is great •! Texas
being settled up by foreign colonists, who would, if
in the majority, organize an e .u. ipati a |ai ry,
as tbe foreigners have doue m .MLsuu-. i. in : . ;<• •
Presidential canvass, it w\l be rememl* r d,j Ger
man Colony support* and Fre .'uo.it. Ti - •!: i
look to this and encourage emigration, < r ihir; y
be a Kansas cut out of Texas.
Canton to be Captured.—A correspond* u ot
the London News, writing from Canton, October
16ih, says that Lord Elgin has concerted me area
with hia Excellency the i.avat commander-: ii-ebief
for tbe assault and capture if the c:ty of Canton.
The Admiral has arranged the ‘whole avaiiab!
force to move up to Canton on the 31st of October,
and it is said that the French forces will ee-ope
ra e ; it ia thought the Kusrian Admiral Pont •tine
will al-o offer h ; B aid.
For Mexico.—A party of twerty-fivo or thirty
young American engineers have been organized, to
explore and survey for a railroad between Vera-
Cruz and the city of Mexico, —the expedition !♦•:. g
planned and the expenses paid by Mexican capital
iats. Col. Talcott, as has been stated, is Chief Ed.
grneer. One of the two divisions mm poring the
corps left New York, Friday, in t'.e steamer Phila
delphia, for New Orleans , the remainder will so low
early this week. __
Treasurer s Weekly Statement.—Ti.*. Trea
surer's weekly statement furnishes us w.t i ti e fol
lowing important figures;
Amount on deposit $8,271,453 8J
Drafts drawn but not paid ~>l..
Amount subject to draft 5,/ * 00l bo
Reduction from lf.st week
Receipts
Drafts paid 4.3,44 55
Drafts issued . 4 <>7,3d1 GJ
The Utah Army.—No despatches have yet been
received at the War Department confirmatory of
the reports that oar troops have recently sustained
losses of men and provisions. It is known at the
Department that the whole force has been c. ucen
trated, and has gone into winter quarters, and that
tbb Mormon3 would not dare to attack the army
when thus united.
The Sparta Central Georgian , of Thursday tn
the following items :
A large drove of Tennessee pork hogs was
slaughtered in this market las': week, laving been
sold at the high piioe of $7.50 per hum rel \ou de.
Com has reoeutly sold at 70 to 75 cents tuh*
el at several sales near this place, on twelve meatus
Urns with interest from date.
The Bank Bill,
“lue Governor, on Monday t-venn?, sen* a mes
sa^ 6 to the Legislature vetoing the Bank Bill,
winch was subsequently parsed by a constitutional
• ] j )r i Ihe follow .££ re the yeas and nays in
fcuo House after the Gov oor’e vote wc3 r*ceived :
\ css—Batts, Bigbam, 3. q Bn •ell,Braswell,
Cannon, Causey, Chri-c/,<*! . . < n, Critten
den,Curenton,Darr.u: : >,.• }>• Clarion, De-
Fannin, Fred ri- : G - :. G i'A, Gordon,
GfYersteim . Dame*. Harris
of Gobb, Harris of TANARUS; . . *’ rper, Harrison,
Hays, Hillyur Him I; . , Holiday, Holmes,
Howard, Hughes, Ire m, and, :n, Jbnes, Kenan,
Kunbtough of Stewart,Kifctn n Lee,Lewis of Uan
co(K Mattox, MeMiliian, McWhorter, Milledge,
. lintz, Moore of Cirrk, Mott, Ntal, Owens, Phillips,
Prttard, Ueid, Sehley, Shell-*., SVrnmn, Spray!
hi runse, 1y tor, Terrell, Walker of Clarke,
VN estmorel cd. White, Wilkes—fiS.
N.;>s—-A\ y ry, lvuiutt, Bhick, IVapgcss, Conley,
Conk, Embry, bain of Fannin, Fain of Union,
Km k, h iffeannon, Fortner, Gav, Hall,. Julian.
Kirby, Lane. L-nff.nau, McAlY •■, McCank, McCon.
nell, McEver.Wo, re ofCKynn,Pickett,Pikv,K..b.rts
ot -_.lif.rokt.-*, Smi ti I'.iwot.., Km ii Towns,
Taliaferro, Webster, Wood, Worley, Wright.—33.
Govkknment Kinanch.—The a mount of the loan
RUjme-fed by Secretary Cobb is greater than was
anticipated, but probably not so large ns tv ill be
needed. The* following synopsis * t the weekly re
turns since August 20, shows the gradual decline of
tile revenue Since tho effects of the revulsion began
to bo fell at the Treasury. Ir wi‘l bs borne in mind
that the pauie began iu New York by the faiiure-of
the Ohio Trust Company, on the 24th of August:
Reduction of Deposits
Data- f return. in the Treasury.
August til) 914.136
27 420.116
September 10 f.7l 912
17 1,897,8*0
“ 24....-: .31,873
“ 3U 1,169,429
October 5 1,12*0.941
19 2 597.65S
“ 19 1,625 979
“ 26 830,328
November 2 744,015
“ (1 ; 289.658
“ 16 847.310
j “ 23 582,761
913,439 962
I It: (ii tucr. ‘is .by return dated Sept. 3. 395 897
| Total redu tion in 15 weeks $13,035,065
The expenditures aro much more than double tho
! receipts. Thesmnot* three and n half or four mil*
of della’ ■ should bo dedueted from this latge
j aggregate, beeae-eexpended in redemption of debt
j But making that allowance, the falling (fl’ for the
j thirty-one remaining weeks of the fiscal year, at the
! above rate, would be $22,000,000, anil would leave
I a deficitof $15,500,000 on the it of July, 1858, and
| not a small surplus, as ca'caiated by ibo Secretary
| We understand, says the Mobile Mercury, that
! the Federal officials of thi9 place l ave refused, in
| accordance with the Imperial Uka-e from Wash
j irgton, to grant clearances to any vessels bnund for
j Nicaragua! This we consider un uninitiated out
• rage, and we hesitate not to fray that, hud the South
I always boon true to herself on all occasions of pre*
vious aggressions—harmonioua in sentnntmt and
I united in action—such orders would never have
| been given, mid if given no man could Do found
within her borders who would undertake to oauy
them into effect.
Affray in Brunswick—We learn from a pri
vate souive, says the Despatch, that on tho evening
of the 24th a difficulty occurred between Col. C. W.
Styles, formerly of Edgefield, and Jacob \V. Moore*
I representative from Glynn, in which Mr. Moore was
j killed. It occurred at a public meeting iu the
! Academy, iu which Styles questioned the fidelity of
I Mr. Moore iu some matter of publio policy, and
j Moore pronounced the charge false. Reeriinina
| tion followed, and shots were exchanged in the
i Academy, the bystanders being requested by Mr.
j Styles to lower their ho&ds. Our informant report*
i Mr. Styles ps acting on thi defensive. Styles is a
j candidate for Mayor of the city.
j The Florida War- Tho Rv-hmop.d Despatch
| suggests that the Floridi Legisla ure pass a law
j for the preservation of the Indiana in that State*
allowing no more to b i shot until they propagate
in sufficient numbers to give all ti n volunteers a
chance. The pnpmd law b similar to oilier
“game laws.”
Tuf. Slave and Coolie Trades.—Advices from
Havana state that the African Slave TiaJe was
never more flourishing. Four cargoes of negroes
had been landed on the is’ i: i within ten days. They
numbered two thousand fun and unfortunates
and three of the vessels-. . . * brv v ’t them were
built and are, it is thong/ ‘, . ail usetta.
J’he French h.id placed neller in
the coolie trade, and bin ‘ . <.ui>dred
aud fivy.two Chinese, ,• i hands
to others, and by them . ys, for labor,
realizing a profit for each \ iw Each speculator
made about SIBU pre-fit per head, and the fill
price for a ith hair uncut) was $420.65’
The authorities in thcnUVerenlport•> 1 entry openly
connived at the traffic.
The Mails, having been interrupted for near
two weeks by the breaks in the Railroads, aays the
Huntsville (Ala ) Advocate, are now regular again.
Tho cars run through from Steveneon to Memphis
iu regular schedule time— all the breaks in the road
having been repaired. The Nashville and Chatta
nooga mad is also in running order, although acci
dents ol late have been frequeut upon it.
American Sunday Sc hool Union —Am appeal
in behalf of the American Sunday S’chool Union is
p lished. 11 is signe dby fifty resident clergymen
of Philadelphia, and sevenly-five of New York, and
sets forth that the Union having become involved
In serious financial difficult if s, a formal strange men!
has been made wita its creditors, under which five
years and six mo ths will be allowed for discharging
its liabilities in annual or semi-annual instalments.
This appeal recommends that the Sunday Schools of
the United 8 tat ok come to the relief of tho Union, by
eac h school subscribing the annual sum of one hun
dred dollars, for five years. Schools that cannot
contribute the above sum yenrb , are asked to fix
their appropriations ala sura that will tuit their
rtsourfi *.
A correspondent of tbe N< w York Times, writing
from on board tbe United Stages steam frigate Sau
Jacinto, at Skanhae, confirms tho news ot tbe un
successful resuh of the Kir fra • Ambasscdors at
tempt, to be received at Pekin. Count Pout aline
had visited Japan, where bo K nrnt that the Ja
panuse are desirous of changing their policy, end of
being received, through diplomatic representation,
into the family of nations. This, if true, is most im
portant information.
The Mormon War —The telegraph brings intel
ligence of the arrival of an express at Fort Leuven
worth from Utah. The whole force of the expedi
tion, with the exception of Col. Cooke’s command■
I as concentrated at Black Firk, and was about
moving to Fort Bridger. It was thought that all
the animals won’d perish this winter. Tho repirt
that two companies of infantry had met with re
verses, wa'j unfounded.
Death of ‘ Miss Coutts.”— The English lady
whose persecutions of Mario attracted ao much at
fontion .n Paris last year—whose box at tho Italians
whh made with a sliding panel to draw before her
whenever Mario left the itn^t —and who followed
that blessed tenor from city to city, from clime to
c’iine—ha* ja.ri. died from tbe effects of bums incur
red some time since by her dress taking fire, just, na
she was on the point of starling for the opera, to hear
Mario mice more in the “Barbiero.” So says the
New Yoik Evening Post.
The Press in Austria—A Vienna paper says
that a r-w stamp not hee just been passed there
which will prove very oppressive to Austrian jour
nals. Every paper that leaves Vienna will have to
pay about two dollars for postage and two c,r three
dollars more for government, stamps per annum.—
The (axon insert ions, formerly emennting to from
one Ui five thousand dollars, has also been nearly
doub’ed. The government journals are alrnoaten
tirelyexetr.pt from this taxation, and tbe effect will
be a great repression of independent journalism.
Import/, n i Decisk ■— A dec 5 -i*m bad b< u ren
■?< rod in Mm Vice Chancellor • Court, which, it Is
p.'.i I, in efT<” t, will invalidate h ll rnuniag*-* by Brit
iiii kjecls with a deceased vi Va rider net only in
Britain, but in all foreign states.
Democratic Economy—Hay S2OO a Ton
There is now at the Auditor’ Office, in Washington
D ('. h box, some three ft ft square, containg
vouchers of accounts allowed by flie Commisfiion
into RoguT Bivcr (Oregon) war claim to the
a mould of six mi ti ions of dollars t Some of the
ittmK consist of fay at two 1 nadred doliora p< r ton.
Destructive Fire in Mz-iuon, Ala.—A letter
from t'c Porimvter at Mr.-: *. . ;.;ives thefol
lowii:.: o ‘iiiL'lof ndu;r. • • a destroy
el a large poition of that • . • ,u Tues
day night last:
Dear Sir— I risen f • ~ tve just
bCen visited with tho io r‘ ire that ever
bccurr. 1 in our village. U.. : to block in the
heart of the busines* part of tv... iiu a; hes. The
alarm was given about nino o'o!o< k, an iby one, it
The loss i-. between thirty and fifty thousand dol
lars. The principle sufferers are L. J. Lockett,
Messrs J. F. A. W. (kck, 1 \V. ifarrot, G. P.
Murphy, Goddeu &. McErcho., L. C. T*nt and J II
Me Calf, besides others not now recollected. Most
of the goods and valuables wire eaveti bjt iu a da
maged etato.
If. is now 3 o’clock, and all is qiiet The devour
ing flunn-4avehpmt their fury, and we are left
the smouldering ruins, by which we wend our course
through the blockaded streets. Every thing is
“cenlu on worse confounded.”
From Kansas.—We notice the following ‘‘special
despatch” in the columns of the Evening Post, a
leading abolition paper of New York city. The
New is certainly “important, if true
Washington, Dec. 21.—The latest advices frr,m
K ui’SH indicate the adoption, at tho electionto-day,
of the slavery proposition wiihthe constitution. The
fire eatery, in secret caucus, “decided that ir Con*
gre. L s rejests it, to initiate a disunion movement.
The Dry Good Trade—The following (able
oomplied from the statement in the United States
Economist, will show the value of Dry Goods im
ported, withdrawn from warehouse, and wars
housed duiiug week ending las*, evening.
Imports. Withd awn Warehs’d
Manufactures of Wool-- SH,OU6 $65,832 $62,180
D*. Cotton-.- 78,110 j 55,916 239,891
Do. Silk 68,010 51,933 101,133
Do. Flax 19,837 >27,1)30 72.713
Miscellaneous 22173 .23,394 26,799
Total. $222,136 $226,005 $5 J 5,636
Add rmp< i .*? 23*2,176
Total U row n into market $118,141
As compared with the oonespoading we k of
1876, this shows a decrease of $474,726 in the
amount thrown on the market this year.
The Belton (lexa*) Ind pendent ay* there are In
that county tome ten or fifteen varieties of i rapes,
o ie of whio’i, cale l t ie Bush 4 rape. Las a rin 1 vtr/
transpa ent, t ni io fil'e 1 with a juice sotweat tl tt it
is believed it will ma te sevtnty*dve per cent. 9!
M*4r,