Newspaper Page Text
Chronicle he Sentinel
o
SPEECH OF HON* J. It. HAMMOND,
+ or 80CTH CAROLISA,
In the Senate of Ike United Stales, Thundery,
Morel 4 ISM, OH O r B Jot the Alm.ttion j
of Karoo* into Ike I ban* under
contidr ratiun.
Mr Hamrror.'J ddr*d the Senate ae folio* : j
Mr Preaioeot in ‘he debate wa cb occurred bere |
io U> e early par.’of the but moot*. I amir.tood tbs
Senator ;r0... 11l n i- | Mr. Itoata.] to y tuntt**
qaeenoo o. ibe re : ;n,t tbe L-cyinpton
tatU "‘"” ... . iLC ■
po.Dt a, wiietoer u.rt c ,
M r r .C'“ttori.''CiTrot, With thi.
ZZZwu'aZZ I— *UrfMl U>* * j
w tbe act a.‘i oe. (. o . -at peop.e, aud tin boated j
their w it:. Tuer. are o;i,er ne; but toe
other. I coa’.d overcome, it thi. point Were deposed
of _ i
Mr Hammond. Iso understood tue Senator. 1 j
understood t -at it hecou.d be sa'.s.iied that thi. con
.titutiou embodied the wu of the people of Kaoeas, i
all other detee and irrej{ui-riliij would be Cured
by the ot of Congress, and t. at ha b.maelf would
be willing to p ruiit tu :b an a a to 6a ysb*ed.
Now, eir, U*s only queauou w.‘h him w, how i ;
that will to be uoerUiuel 1 and upon that point, .
and that alone, it it probable we rhail differ. 1
think that the Senator i ;.i inu> a laniameaUl error |
in hu dn--nting !n>m tu* i* port oi the ‘ I
jonty ot toe lerrronai ouawuttee, io aayng that the
convention whn a ira.ud tin* wm a
creature of toe territorial Leg Mature , and from
that error ha. ; hiy ‘.r iuilij .üb.equent er
rors on thw uuj*u*. il w Can it he p-w^ic^e
rial Leg Mature * • * 1 *'.<*• .ju-^u
of the j>soi4* in ti ♦•• j : - Hovereign cap
ah *ui io p- o;m > •• ... : I ’• i C n>: °* ° fc ‘
L 'r, rl^lona^oulSd
aijd paiu oy Ihe C i..i• “• toe United n.a..,
withoui a par:.• . .vr-.-i<u poorer; aLU >e.,
.hall that interfere wiio a < .reroiKuty—inchoate,
bat oif a -.ivere.Buty ? Why.sir.C cannot
cooler oo the lernioi.e’ l,. p<.wer to
iatertere C- ;•!{•*'’ “ lljt *>vcreu{U. Coneiei-. |
baimverei*; U powers, but o Con
grew Lm no p*'*er to a t out le of the 11 mitaUMU i
o! the Const i*. u ijou ; no rig hi to carry into effect the
cupreine an; jie*iplt; if it iiau Lot been ex - J
prettaed iu then < ir.uiioD; and, therefore, Con
grefte 14 hot auve.c.gu
JSor doe Longrc fa uo’d he f-overeignty of Kan
tv The eovere gn'y re,U-, if u re
aide* any whe. -. ,* im the toveretgo Stated of thia I
Union. They iiave contmec upon Congreaa, |
among other powers, theaut .or.tyc: adoun BiOnng .
their eoveieiguty t rhe.r eftUetftCMon. They have
given (J-ngr* • p .vert) make needful roles :
Mj<l reguift .out* regarding th-* T rritory . and tney
have given Long*:o tne poaer Uj adunt a State.
Under the.-* 1 two eovereigu powera Congress may
eatat)*ii*n a proVici*nai temhrrial government
mmt-iy for muiit .;.ai pc-,.- ... and wUm. a Sta'c
t.u ki. wi. .vrfnutiiy, when that
wbicu ba. been K.p’ m aoeya - .. • de.uvid. led gm
tiou, wh.uac r. unity io l -riuad there a <moial
oonjpa<create'l. a ■- v. reiKUty born a. it were up-
OB the It.'iu C
’ toackßOle<ve mai H.vere gity; und E< LeKiolu
ture, • *• > 1 *>, ofuutumtu giceded, as*
Blots a the o.rih ot n by p:i .:i< a precedent reso
lution a.embliu acouvention.
but, ir, wnen I-a ■ .. eniion aeiwuiblce to form
a con*., .oi <u, it m-s.-nn/ea iu the bi)(beet known
capac.ty oi a p op e, ai. 1 bw no ouperior in thi.
Ooverumeot b.i . Sim -n ivoeiumy ; or ralLei
the State - M a.l t:n- htaLe. ainue out
do anylhUK win. .he .ct of that convenlioD.—
Then, it til'd ciLveu.ion wa* law.til, if tbe.ei.no
object, iu to t.i.e convention itself, there can be no
objection to the toC.ion of tne convention, and
there i. no pow er ou eorlh that ha. a right to inquire
whether to - oonveuliou repie--.nfeii Ihe wi : l ot tt.e
people of K v.iua or not. Ido not doubt tba’ there
might bn ornc cb.m. o. .uch gror. and palpable
trou bi ooin.ni ted in me formation ol a convention,
a. might aulh ri.e Congo 1 b> investigate lhem,
but! can bcir'.oly oouc ive of any; and 1 do not
think that Coi’ ii ->s ha. any o'her power, when a
Slate knocks at tun ‘I > r tor a'ltmneion, but to in
quire if her conbliiotion is republican.
It wliat I li.sve mid be uni reef, then the will of
the people of Kan. to b- tuui.fi in the action
of her c .n-’itu i nai convention, end it is not .afn
to look for it a iy where else. Ii is iminalerial wheth
er it the wllof a in jotiiy of the people of Kau
•a* or not Theconv.-.i. ion was, or ought to l.ave
been, s-lrc’.ed by a in ority of the people of Kail
ua.. A divert on, el c ed iu April, mi.y weilfranjo
a cju. a ution that wo .hi not I. .igio.-aole to a ma
lority of the |—>p!eot ano'-v State, rapidly filling
up, In the mCc s ding J nuary and if 1, 41 natures
are to be allowed to pur to a \ o‘>- 1 ac .of a con
vention, auo ne “- 1 -o bea's-u riown by a HUbae.
quenl ii.dui ol ■ ‘ . ‘e, t -ie ..; n . iinahty. ft
you were to ueun backinu Joecoinpton Constitu
tion, and an* .H.u vs Ito he i tt .low way
tu wh.ch wed., publicbu.-iht-Mefce.e. l.elere it. would
reach Cor.gi ~ in aao i.er year, perhaps the ma
jority would be turned : ).e otiiei way.
Sir, wbeuev. r you g> outside of tlie regula
fonn. of law and constitutions to seek for the will
of the people, you are wandering in a wilderness—
nwil ten.ess oi thorns it tSi m was a minority oon
■tltuilou I do hot know that that would be an ob
jection tu it. Const tutione are made tor ininori
tiea. Perhaps minorin*-* ought to have the light
to make coiwiitu'ioiia, for t cy are administered by
msj.riiits. ‘ihe Cone'itution ot tics Union was
made by a nc jor.ty, and h late as l “ ld, a minority
had 111 their I amis and cud liave altered or abol
ished !’ ; for, io IS4‘|, six ou of twenty-six States of
the Cuion had the uu ‘■ i al majority.
The fceuai-r1i0... I to is has, upon his view of
the L ooinp'on t'* u ■ it ution and the present situa
tion of ..Units 111 Kansas, r.isi and the cry of popular
sovereignty Thu Senator from Now York [Mr.
Sow am) y> sterna)’ n ale liiinselt lie tious about it,
and called it “s,p.alter s.v.i-ignty.” There is a
popular sovereignly wi i.- II • basis of our Gov
ernment, aud I mu unwi.!ihg that the Senator
should have the benefit of uniting fquitter sove
reignty w ith popular s ver-gtity. Sir, iu all coun
tries and in all nine, it is well understood that the
nuuieiica! mftp’rity ot the people could, it they
chose, exercise the oveic guty ot H.e country; but
for want of intelligence, und tor want of leaders,
they lave never yet been abiesuocemfully to com
bine aud form a popular government they have
often attempted n, but it bas always turned out,
instead of a popular stiver, iguty, a populous sove
reignty . aoddeiiiHgogues placing thsuieelveß upon
the movement, have invariably leu them iutu mili
tary dssnoHam.
I think that the popular sovereignty which the
Serial or from lain, .e would derive fr.nn the acts of
his Terrno iai f.-r i- I'dure, and from ti.e infemiation
received from paito m presses, would lead us di
reetly into populous sovt reignty, and not popular
noveleignlv. The fu st t rgauixatioii ol popular
sovereignty * af;t;,r ish. to. k place in this
country. The first gun of the Revolution was a sa
lute to anew orgamr. ..on of popular so ereiguty
that was embodied m the l)eci ration ot Indepen
donee, developed, elatorated. Mid inaugurated
forever iu the Constitution of the United .states—
and the tiue pillars ot it were representation and
the ballot-box ordained by ihe people. In the di
vision of power, in distributing the sovereign pow
ers among ll c various depirnientsot the Govern
ment, the people retained tor then selves ti e eiugle
power ol tt.s tmllot-box —and a great power it was
Through that power thev were sh e to control all
the departments ot the Government, ll was not
for the people to be ex.-i c.sing political pow er in de
tail —it was not for them to be annoyed with the
cares of government—but, from time to time,
through the ballot-box, to exert their power to con
tred the Whole organisation, and sovereignty re
mained with them This is popular sovereignty,
the popular eoveie'gnty of a legal, constitutional
ballot box—and when .p. ken through that box, the
voice ot the people, ior o'.i political purposes, is the
voice ot God— b it wl.cn it is outside of that.it is
the voice of a demon, the doctrine of the reign of
terror.
Eeiuiit uio to say. ‘■ ■ in V'S- ‘"g 1 emitted to
answer aqcestion that the Senat. r I rom Illinois
has, I believe, re| .-at.” y asked—and i|-t iwhat
were the legal p . < rrit.-riai Legislature
after the fo'im , u and adoption ot the lv oompt m
Constuutloi 7 Tim! lad n* bug to do with the
Territorial 1. ..i• i:>'ct- Hoy lnoved in totally
difieitmt iphotes Ti ■ leriiioruu L- gistature was
a provisional govci'i o, ‘ : aiunn * w-thout power,
appoint and arm t ani by ttn. g- vtror., nt. The Le
. omptce l .i- I- -I o, ami
the s. vere 1 ( ll I.’ id ap. .Hls. They moved iu dit
urent spheres and * n difl. rent planes, and could
not me in contact at e!l without n-urpati. non the
oue part or the.'i.or it was u.*t competent for
theteoompton f* . sidua. nto overturn tin T.rri
toriei govemniut aid set up a govern cent in
place ot it, i o. ■ Con dim! iott, until acknowl
edged by <: ini', was i. it v. - nol in be
ing. Ii could we ‘ older tiie people o Kansas to
pass U|.*u i;—i! v • vv. < . v.ta in. < --ary
to ptneot U:i*l iv-.bV.i’ - b ! •'.! g beyond
that. nnUl Congr-.<a :.r.tl •*•,! to acc<y‘ it. In
the mean time the itrr.tonal govraiment, n govem
nieiit ad interim, was t* a ed to exercise all the
OWS) tv r the IYrnto y t .;.t it ever had been enti
tled 10. The error ofasfumii g, as the Senator did,
that the convention hj the creature ot the territo
rUI goverumen , he*.? b *1 him into tli* difficulty and
coulut-iou of uoitu gat and ui.-ui iticg the.- • two gov
ernments accord i k V *ay euit Lis argument.—
There h n* govn .nin-ut ui the convention until af
ter the a .option by Uo s *w of its couati ution—
and lb. re is no in.*r, at any 1 me v i;h the Ter
ntorial Lenb e-uie, iie i ere ;s no actual power in
the Terr tonal I. X’- dure even to t ail a eoureu
{toil, hut what isdeitved tiom usage and peraiiesioß.
and by an euabltug ai - une from Congress.
If the Seua or from li: \m •>. whom I regard as the
ija\ IVUinou o: t .-■ -ate, does i: press the
questionot frauds, 1 eh-ol l .*• * litt • or nothing to
My about it. Tii-. v ... !c h > ory t: Kauer.s is a dis
gusting one, from tt.e begmn. gto the end. 1 have
avoided reading i’ as n.r. b a* I could. H*d I
been a Senat r be tore, 1 should have tell it my duty
perhaps, to have done t- —but not expecting to be
one I auiigiu” u>’. v r *v? ly,iu agr at mensure, of
detail—and I g ■ to ‘.. Mr ti.e acknowledge
ment of the Seiv'Cor t. . • i -no s : i:.< v it excuses
me from the duty * -f exu-mning it.
I hear, on the * th-r rideof the Chamber, a great
deal said about and stupendous frauds ;
and the Seua'oi -rom New York yesterday, in por
trayii4T the chaiat :eroi i pa:ty ard the opposite
one. laid the whole of tb--?c frauds* upon the pro
slavery party. To <u to him, >ou would have
supposed that the regiment.-* of cm grauts recruited
iu the purlieus of the at cities ot the North, and
sent out, armed and tqripped with Sharpe's rices,
and bowie knives and revolvers, to o uquer for
freedom in Kansas, sttH-u by. nut* -amts, innocent
as dove?, and l umbie a-* Vu. ? brought up to the
sa.riti e. Th'‘uk L m ral Lane s lambs!
—They rtmiud one if Cc Kirk s lambs, to wnom
they have family rest ~Maiuv. 1 pr> same that there
wei'e fraud.** . n’ri it* < e v, -re i. *uda, they were
equally great on *• s ’ ~ &n -d t; alau _ invest ga
tioti ot t - < i'i ou tl ti >• !. *t by a com mission, would
sud in nothing but tiv: rig almost unendurable
disgrace ou tac V S
Ha:, sir, the true obi- • c; r e c. >••.:?? ou on the
other side o: the Ci.n’.uber. i< to apt*.e the question
of slavery. 1 v, ; > - ;, - v - u '- >: ? whe:her the
leaders on th** >u* r sice or the Hv use really w?h
to ceteat this bill I r-: uk w *uldcrsicer it a
vast y greater v eto.> to :.e I> •.nocratie
party in the No* and ce*!roy hv seacersot the
Kanes? Nebraska bdl-a* dl am n : U'e that they
have c-.*? brought .: *r the very pur
pose. Hews-.raii.gr i? ‘** ? * t\ : r.s :ha*. ye**r
year, the trsjority : Khi*s sis beaten at the
poils ? They have always ha i a u:aj * i*y. iat they j
always g**t beat *s * Hour could that be ? It do- ?
seem, from the n--i r .ntle sources cf . foima ion.
that they have an *; rr\. find b-ive had a msi rity
for some t inr Why b.ts no: this mqjorty come
forward and t-ken \ < ?< - i-*ll of the govemmect.
and made atesS no 1 > t .and bn*ughf it
her el We ?h u and al have voted fur its a .dmis
siou cheerful y T 1 :• can b- but one reason :if
they had brvi g v? vs* g 1 eral y suppos*nl at the
tim* tb* Km< X -ka &,•: v . j w -., c |j
b* ti) cue, • !:ee S • 0.-Estuuti-n bre. there
Would have beer m and > auu- ,r the r
democrats. th?y would hive beta sastaiccd bv
their people. Ti e i* -.de by s. me of
them, as 1
bute act. wol.. J e be et: \ti and, and the North*
eio JkeuK>cratic pai’y < b. t-u su.*.
bat its coming here a ?lav c State, it is said, wilt
hill the . party, and ti;a: 1- the reason they have
refrained from g*ing to ihe p .*; that is the reason
jhey have refrniueu ftm uif.Liiig it a tree S*a’s
they bad the pow i-r. i bey intend to make it
a tree Slate as scon jv? t uey l: vr eff cted that pur
pose of destroying thtr Dciikvi atic party at the
North, aud Uicir traert a-oc i.ere i** to agitate t.avt
ry For ote, I am tut disposed to discuss that
questu n here it •**>’ iu ‘. 1-rtXL I th.iik tin
tune has gone by ; r.: at Ou: minds a/e a. made
up lamwumg :* - 1 - .t—and h> the way
it should be and i .* 1 discussed —as a pracu
cal thing, as al. w, and sto b^—and V)
discuss its eiTcc: up-:* * t-r political msututMns,
M d to roM<<ua .•!j.tU re p ..,Uok! uuitto*
Toe f.-ouo X w > k .--e-ed rep
ioto Uus fie:.i} e. : •• ■f- .* v ll ’. . w>' r
d.T, woe;, ce o; - . ■>■<; -- b-|e Ui b:i
loaght ted won At- -t! c * klcu. &od Lr.a lopg ,
kut.wu it to b trc-, tH'-jitKe-! to Leal tin;
I fc- •• <fl ‘V,*| ! 1 I
batty •xpre.ei, 1. •.- .-• ott. eisaoa; |
M flromKew Hr- i w to e Uat i
Itwaay be liW 0--* 6 OUI •BObeOtriil-d.lt it • /
matured project of hU ; tLat these words mean all |
.hit I .t they meant. that they mean tnat the j
S>uth ie a conquered prov ; And that the Aorth j
a- to rule It. He sain that it wa- tbeir rnten
t ion to take this Governnt from unjust and un
faithful hands ; that it wo* their intention to eonse
crat* all the Territories of the Imon to free labor ;
and that, to effect their purposes, they intended to
reconstruct the Supreme Court.
Yesterday, the sSenator said, “roppoae we admit
Kan-a* with the Lecvmpton conatitutiiro, what
v uaranteec are there that Congreee will not again
interfere with the affairs of Kncrae 1” meaning, I
nappoee, that if ehe abolish slavery, wbat guarantee
tbfrrf? waa that Corgreaa would not force it upon
her aeain. Sir, ao far ae we of the South are con
cerned. you have at least tbe guarantee of good
faith that never has been violated. But what good
guarantee have we, when you have this govern
ment in your in all the department*,
even if we submit quietly to wfcat the Senator ex
hort* ua to submit to —the concentration of slavery
in its present territory, and even to the reconstruc
tion of the Supreme Court— you will not pion
eer ua with tan flu; that you will not bankruotus
with internal improvements and bounties on can ;
that you wiil not restrain ua with navigation laws,
aLd other laws impeding the facilities ot transporta
tion to Southern produce ? What guarantee have
we that you will not create anew bank and con
central© ali the finances of this country at the North
1 wi ere already, for the want of direct trade and a
pn-per system of banking in the South, they are
| ruicouaiy concentrated ? Nay, sir, whai guarantee
t have wt that you will not emancipate our slaves,
or at least, make the a’tempt? We cannot rely
on’ your taitb when you have the power. It has
| b# n always broken whenever pledged.
i y -c, “ir, aa lam disposed to see thi question
! r-evled ai s*x>n as posaibie. and am perfectly willing
to have a finai and conclusive settlement now, in
j tactiy, and afrer what the .Senator from New Y'ork
has said, I think it will not be unimportant that I
.-h'/uid attempt to bring the North and South face
i ’o face, and *ee wbat resourceu each of ua might
liave in the contingency of separate organizations,
j Jf we never acquire another foot of territory for
the South, look at her. Eigr teen hundred and fifty
| thousand square miles ; as large as Great Britain,
| Kran e, Austria, Pru>fia, and Spa n. Is not that
territory enough to make an empire that shall rule
the World? With the finest aoii, the most delight
ful climate, whose productions none of those great
countries can produce, and we have three thousand
miles of continental shore line, and so indented with
bays and crowded with islands, that, when their
shore lines are added, we have twelve thousand
miles shore lin*. through the heart of our country
runs ’hegreat Mi sissippi, the father of waters, in
to whose bosom are poured thirty six thousand mile3
of tributary streams, and beyond, we have the de
sert prairie wastes, to protect us in our rear. Can
I you hem in each a territoiy as that ? You talk of
1 putting up a wa l of fire around eight hundred and
j fifty thousand square miles so situated! How ab
surd.
But, sir, in this Territory lies the great valley of
the Mi&'issippi, now the rea!, and soon to be ac
knowledge'i *eat of the empire of the world. The
sway of that, valley will b as great as ever the
Nile knew in the earlier *tagH of mankind. We
•wn the most of that valley, the most valuable part
belongs to us, and although those who have settled
aiKjveuaare now opposed to us, another genera
tion will tell a different tale Tney are oars by all
the laws of nature ; slave labor will go over every
t ?of this great valley wuere it will be found pro
fitable to use it. and those who do not use it are
soon to be united to us by such ties as wil; make us
one and inseparable. The iron horse will soon be
flattering over the sunny plains of the South to
bear the products of its upper tributaries to our At
lantic ports, a3 it now clatters over the ice-bound
North. There is the great Mississippi, a bond of
union made by nature’s law. .She will ever vindi
cate her right to the Union. On this fine Ter. itory
we have a population four times as large as that
with which these colonies separated from the mo
ther country, and a hundred, I might say a thousand
told as strong. Our population is now sixty per
cent greater than that of the whole United States
when we entered into the second war of indepen
deuce. It is twice as large as the whole population
of the United States was ten years after the conclu
si m c f that war, r.nd < ur exports are three times as
the whole of th United States then. Upon our
muster rolls we ha e ain llion of men. In a de
fensive war, upor emergency , every one of them
would be available. At any time, the South can
rair*e, equip, and maintain in the field, a larger ar
my than any power ou earth can send against her,
aud an army of soldiers—men brought upon horse
back, with guns in their hands.
If we take the North, even when the two large
Sta-*-s of Kansas and .Minnesota shall be admitted,
her territory will be one hundred thousand square
miles short of ours. Ido not speak of California
■,nd Oregon ; there is no antagonism between those
countries end the South, and never will be. The
population of the North is fifty per cent greater
than that of ours. I have nothing to say in dis
parH -jement of the soil of the Nort h or the people of
the North, who are a brave, intelligen t and energe
tic race, full of intellect, but they produce no great
staple that the South does not prod uee; but we
produce two or three, and those are the very great
fst, which she can never produce. As to her men,
however they inay be, they have never proved
the!.'i.-:elvf-.? to be superior to those of the South,
e: her iu the field or in lire Senate.
But, eir, the strength of a nation depends in a
great measure upon its weal.h, and the wealth of
nations, like thnf of a man, is to be estimated by its
surplus produr:in. You may go to your trashy cen
sus books, all of which is perfect nonsense, and
they wi 1 tell you that in the State of Tennessee the
ine whole number of house scrvHnte is not equal to
one halt thf.se in my own house, and euch things
as that. You may asceitain what, is made through
out the country by these census books, but it is no
matter how much is made it is ail consumed. If a
f * an is worth millions of dollars and consumes his
income, is he rich ? Is he competent to embark iu
any new enterprise? Can he build ships or rail
roads ? And could a people in that condition build
ships and roads and go to war ? All the enterprises
of peace and war depend upon the surplus pro
diiclions of a people. They may be happy, they
may be comfortable, they may enjoy themselves in
earing what they make ; but they are not rich, they
are not strong. It seems by going to the reports of
the Secretary of the Treasury, which are authentic,
that last year the United States exported in round
numbers $270,000,000 worth of domestic produce,
excluding gold and foreign merchandize re expor
ted. Os this amount $158,000,000 is the clear pro
duce of the South ; articles that .are not and cannot
be made at the North. Here are also $80,000,000
worth of exports of products of the f >reet. a imal
provisions aud breacstuffs. If we assume that the
South made but one third of these, and I think that
is a I >w calculation, our expor'a are $185,000,000
leaving to the North less than $95,000,000.
In addition to this, we send to the North $30,000,-
000 worth of cotton, which is not counted iu the ex
port*. We send to her $8,000,000 worth of tobacco,
which is not counted iu the export*. We send na
val stores, lumber, rice, and many other miner ar
il.-H. There is no doubt that we send to the North
.•* 10 OUO.OOU in addit ion . bat suppose the amount to
be $35 000,000, and it will give u? a surplus produc
tion of $220,000,000. The recorded export* of the
South now are greater than that ol the whole United
States in any year before 1856. They ere greater
than the whole average exports of the United States
for the last twelve years, including the two extraor
dinary yt ars of 1856 and 1857. They are nearly
double the average exports of the preceding twelve
years. If lam right in my calculations as to $220,-
000,000 ot surplus produce, there is not a nation on
the face of the earth, with any numerous population
that c ii compete with us in produce jwr capita. It
amounts to sl6 66 per head, supposing that we have
twelve millions of people. England, with all her
accumulated wealth, with all her concentrated and
irttdlect-u&lized energy, makes under sl6 surplus
production per head.
I have not made a calculation as to the North,
wbh her s'*s 000,000 surplus; but admitting that
ehe exports as much as we do. with her 18 millions
of population it would be but little over sl2 a head
at the outside. She cannot export to us and abroad
exceeding ten dollars a head against our sixteen
dollars. I well know that the North sends to the
South a vast amount of the productions of her in
duidry. 1 take it for granted, that she at least,
pi)s us for the thirty or forty millions of dollars
w orth of cotton aud other articles we send her. I
am willing to admit that she pays us considerably
inon . but to brii g her up to our amount of surplus
production, to bring her up to $220,000,000 of sur-
Pim i auction, th* South must take from her
$125,000,000; and this in addition to our share of
tue consumption of the $330,000,000 worth intro
duced ii.to tue couuiry from abroad, and paid for
in part by our own exports. The thing is absurd;
iit :s impossible; it can never appeal anywhere but
on a census statistic book.
With an export of $220,000,000 under the pres
ent tariff, the South organized separately, would
have about $40,000,(HK) of revenue. VVitb one
h.urth the present tariff she would have a revenue
adequate to all her wants, for the South would never
u t’> war; ehe would never need an army or a
navy, beyond a few garrisons on the frontiers and
a few revenue cutters. It is commerce that breeds
v a*-. It is manutactures that require to be hawked
y bout over the world, aud give rise to navie9 aud
c unmeroe. Why, sir. the South has never yet had
a jus OHU.?e of w ar. Every time she has seized her
sword it has been on the point of honor, and that
point of honor bas been mainly loyalty to her sister
colonies and sister S’ates, who have ever since
plundered aud calumniated her.
But if there was no other reasou why we should
never have a war, w uld any sane nation make war
ou cotton ? Without firing a guu, without drawing a
sword, when they make war ou uawe can bring the
whole world to our Let. The South is perfectly
competent, to go on, out, two or three years with
out planting a seed of cotton. I believe that if she
would plant but half her cottou, it would be an ira
menee advantage to her. lam not so sure that but
alter three years cessation sl.e would come out
stronger than she ever was before, and better pre
pared to enter afresh upon her great career of en
terprise. What would happen if ro cotton were
furnish for three years ? I will not stop to depict
what every cue car imagine, that is certain : Old
England would topple headlong and carry the whole
civilized world with her. No, eir, you dare not
make war on cotton. No power ou earth dares
make war upon it. Cotton is King. Until lately
the Bank of England was King, but she tried to
put her screw sou as usual, fail before last, upon the
cotton crop, and was utterly vanqu shed. The last
power ou earth has beeu Conquered. Who can
doubt it that tots looked at recent events ? When
the abuee of credit had destroyed credit and anni
hilated confidence, when thousands of the strongest
c iniuietcial houses in the world were coming down,
and hundreds of millions of dollars of supposed pro
per ‘v ‘ vat>orating into tnin air, when you came to
a dead loti, and revultiom were threatened, what
brought you up ! fortunately for you that it was
just at the commencement of ths new cotton sea
son and we have poured iu upon you over one
million six hundred thousand bales of cotton just a’
the crisis to save you from sinking. That cotton,
but for the bursting of your speculative bubbles at
the North, which produced the whole of this convul
se n, w, uld have brought us (100,000,000. We have
Bi-.d it for 65,000,000, and saved you. Thirtv-five
mil n dollars we, the slave-holders of the &outh,
l ave put into the charity box cf your magnificent
tic a eiers. yom cotton lords, yourmerchant princes.
But. sir. the greatest strength of the South arises
from the haimony of her political and social insti
tutions. Tuts harmony gives her aframe of society
the best in the world, aud an extent of political
tree . li: combined with entire security, such as no
othe. people ever enjoyed up. n the face ot tne
earth. Society precedes government.- creates it,
and ought to control it : but as far as we can look
back in historic times, w e find the case different;
for government is no sooner created than it be
oom. s too strong for society, and shapes aud moulds
as well as controls it In later centuries the pro
gress ot civilisation and ot intelligence has made
the a.vergonce so great as to produce civil war
and revolutions and it is nothing now but the want
of harm nv between governments and societies
w hie j occasions all the uneasiness and trouble and
t. rror that we see abroad. It was this that brought
on the American Kevo.ution. We threw off a go
vernment not adapted to our social system, and
made one for ourse.ves. The question is, how far
have we succeeded > The South, so far as that is
o ccerted. is satisfied, content, happy, harmonious,
and prosper, us.
In all social systems there must be a class to do
the mean duties, to perform the drudgery of life.—
if at is a class r. quiring bat a low order of intellect
and but little ekilL It* requisites are vigor, docili
ty. fide ry. Such a class you must have or you
would not have that other class which leads pro
gress. refinement and civiiixation. It constitutes
t e \ „ry mud sills of society and of political gov
eminent and you might as well attempt to build a
house in the air, as to build either the one or the
o' : tr, except on the mud-sills. Fortunately for the
t- uta the found a race adapted to that purpose to
net sand a race inferior to herself, but eminently
qua: tied it, temper, in vigor, in docility, in capaci
... ? tand the c; ma e. to answer all her purposes.
e use tea for the purpose, and call them slaves.
.■/ ‘l ia hinted at the South yet titis a word
t. i „ C '” by p-’iite but I will not charac
v • si.-- -h,*’ lh ; S rli with that term: but
clcmtl “ there - u everywhere: it is
The Senator from New Yr.rk _ . ...
•me whole world had
naiue. but not the thing. and all Ih- dJ. Ay /f e
earth cannot abolish ft Qod<Sy^ o P ° d ’*" of^*
-e repea*, he fiat. -the poor yoda!w ay* Uvew^
yew. tie man who i.ves by dtaly Übo*
-car,, , lives ai that, and who has to pat .
•abor in the market and take the best he can get
tor ti in sht rt your whole ciase of manual laborers
am, operatives, as von call Item, are slaves. The
uitic-reiK-c between us i that our slaves are hired
:.-r I.:- and weu ocaipecsated ; there is no starva
tioD, no btggiog, do want of employment among
our people, and not too much employment either, i
Yours are Wired by the day, not cared for, and
scantily compensated, which may be proved in the i
most deplorable manner, at any hour, in any street j
in any of your large towns. Why, sir you m-M
more beeu&ri in one day in any single •' r *.®V o i ?
c ) V of New York than you meet in a lifetime m tie ,
whole South Our slaves are block, of another in
ferior race. The “status’ in toh * e M ve
them is an elevation. They are eleva.ed from the
condition in which God first creatad them by being
made our slaves. None of that rsce on the whole
face of the globe can be compared with the slaves
of the South, and they know it They are happy,
content unaspiring, and utterly incapable, from in
tellectual depredation, ever to give us any trouble
by tbeir aspirations.
Your slaves are white, of your own race; yon are !
brothers of one blood. They are your equals iu
natural endowments of intellect, and iher feoi
galled by tbeir degradation. Our slaves do not
vote. We give them no political power. \ ours
do vote, and being the majority, they are the de
positories ol ail your political power. If they knew
the tremendous secret, that the ballot-box is strong
er than an army with bayonets and could combine,
where would you be ? Your society would be re
constructed, your government reconstructed, your
property divided, not as they have mistakenly at
tempted to initiate such proceedings by meeting in
parks with arms in their bands, but by the quiet
process of the ballot-box. You have been making
war upon us to our very hearth stones. How would
you like for us to send lecturers or agitators North
to teach these peop’e this, to aid and assist in com
bining, aud to lead them ?
Mr. Wilson, and others. Send them along.
Mr. Hammond. You say, send them North.
There is no need of that, they are coming here They
are thundering at our doors for homesteads and
Southern Senators are supporting it. Nay, they are
aseembiing. as I have saiu, with arms in their hands,
aod demanding work at SI .OOO a year and six hours
a day. Have you heard that the ghoutof Mendoza
is stalking in the etretts of your big cities; that the
inquisition is at hand ? There is afloat a fearful ru
mor that there hove been consultations for vigi auce
committees. You know what that means already.
Transient and temporary causes have thus far been
your preservation. The great W est has been open
to your surplus population, and your hordes of semi
barbarian emigrant, who are crowding in year by
year. They make a great movement, and you call
it progress. Whither ? It is progress ; but it is
progress towards vigilance committees. The South
has sustained you in a great measure. You bring
and carry for us. One hundred and fifty millions of
dollars of our money annually through your
bauds. Much of it sticks ; all of it assists to beep
your machinery together aud in motion. S tppose
we were to discharge you; suppose we were to
take our business out of your hands ; we shou.d
consign you to anarchy and poverty.
You complain of the rule of the South ; that has
been another cause that has preserved you. We
have kepi the Government conservative to the
great purposes of the Government. We have
placed her aud kept her upon the Constitution, and
that has been the cause of your peace and pros
perity. The Senator from New York says that that
is about to be at an end ; that you intend to take
the Government from us; that it will pass from our
hands. Perhaps what he says is true, it may be,
but do not forget—it can never be forgotten, it is
written on the brightest page of human history —
tuat we, the slaveholders of the South, took our
country in her infancy, aud after ruling her for sixty
out of seventy years of her existence, we shall sur
render her to you without a stain upon her honor,
boundless in prosperity, incalculable in her strength,
the wonder aud adini r ation of the world. Time will
nhow what you will make of her, but no time can
over diminish our glory or your responsibility.
Correspondence of Ike Baltimore American.
TUIUTY-FIFTII CONGRESS—Ist. Session.
IN SENATE March 8.
Mr. Wilson offered a resolution instructing the
Military Conamiit.ee to inquire into the propriety of
amending the law for punishing the crime of enti
cing soldierß to desert. Adopted.
Mr. Johnson’s resolution providing for printing
10,000 copies of the Patent Office report of last year
in the whole, instead of the usual larger number,
was laid over.
Mr. Green intimated that he would call for a
direct vote on the Kansas question on Monday
next.
Mr. Doolittle resumed his speech.
He referred to the extraordinary statement of the
Senator from South Carolina, charging the North
with breaking plighted faith, and plundering the
South by means of national banks and tariffs. It
was not the North that repudiated the compact of
1787, or the compromise of 1820. As to National
Banks and tariffs, he sliowed from the record that
the greatest statesman of the South, Calhoun, sup
ported the very tariff that he (Mr. Hammond) com
plained of. He also voted for a National Bank, and
supported Internal Improvements. Referring to
Mr. Hammond’s estimate relative to the resources
of the North and South, he said the hay crop of the
United States surpassed in value the whole cott -n
crop of the South, aud as to the taunt that northern
laborers were slaves, he stated that hiown father
was a laborer, and other gentlemen on that floor
stood in the same category, aud he asked if he and
thev were to be branded as the sons of slavee.
lie then passed to the subject of Kansas, showing
the inconsistency of the advocates of the Leeomp
ton C natitution. The President bases the legality
of that Constitution on the Kansas and Nebra-ka
act. Mr. Hammond takes ad fferent g ound, con
tending that the sovereignty of Kansas is vested in
the sovereignty of the States to be exercised by
Congress alone. The Senator from Tennessee pla
ces it on the people of Kansas—the independent
Territorial Legislature aud the independent ena
bling acts, while the Senator from Georgia as
serts it to be in the territorial Legislature. He (Mr.
Doolittle) contended if sovereignty rebided in the
people the Topeka Constitution is a legal invest
ment.
Mr. Foster made a speech against the Lecompton
movement, in which he said he would never assent
to the admission of another slave State.
The Senate received the House printing bill.
Adjourned.
HOUSE.
Mr. Taylor, of Louisiana, offered a resolution
inquiry into the facts attending the seizure by the
French Government of the bark Adriatic. The
resolution provides for redress to the owners and
the prevention of similar proceedings.
Mr. Taylor contended that no court of any foreign
couutry had a right to condemn an American ves
eel for a failure to carry lights in the absence of an
American law requiring such a practice. The act
of France was an attack upon our sovereignty, and
an mfringment oi the law of nations. He thought
that owing to the important principles involved,
immediate steps should be taken by the govern
meat relative to the matter. Referred to the Com
mittee on Foreign Affaire.
The House passed the bill making an appropria
tion of $341,181 to defray the expenses of paper,
printing, *fcc., for the 33d and 31th Congresses.
The llouße in Committee of the Whole on the
state of the Union, took up the bill making appro
priation for consular aud diplomatic expenses for
the ensuing fiscal year.
Mr. Bocock made a speech for and Mr. Da wee
against the admission of Kansas under the Lecomp
tou constitution.
IN SENATE March 9.
On motion of Mr. Mason, the Senate took up the
bill for the relief of Commodore Jones.
Mr. Stuart moved its indefinite postponement,
but the motion was disagreed to.
The bill, after some discussion, was passed—yeas
29, nays 11.
Mr. Houston presented the resolutions of the Le
gislature of Texas, in favor of the admission of
Kansas uuder the Lecompton Constitution.
A ter further proceedings of comparatively little
public importance, the Senate took up the Kansas
bill, when
Mr. Hamlin, of Maine, replied to Mr. Hammond,
of South Carolina, against the admission of Kansas
uuder the Lecompton Constitution. He combatted
the latter’s assertion that the Soulh had never
broken faith, and that Northern laborers were
slaves.
The Senate went into an executive session at an
early hour aud subsequently adjourned.
HOUSE.
The House resumed the consideration of the
volunteer bill.
Mr. Faulkner was opposed to sending volunteers
to Utah. He believed if placed at the disposal of
the Executive, he would not find occasion to use
them lie thought the proposition for the employ
ment of volunteers was dictated by outside pres
sure rather than by convictions of a sound military
policy.
He contended that the employment of the volun
teers would be appealing to the passions of the
country and setting a precedent of carrying death
and desolation to our citizens, prolific of the most
disastrous future consequences. The war in Utah
was a war agai bt a people on account ot their re
ligion—whoever is engaged iu such a war, whether
volunteers or regular, wi-u:d be guilty of murder.
The Executive has plainly 6aid he does not want
volunteers.
Pending the question the House went into Com
mittee of the Whole ou the Diplomatic Appropria
tion bill.
Mr. Keitt argued from a constitutional ground in
favor of the admission of Kansas under the Le
compton Constitution, and iu the course of his re
marks he stated his belief that the people cannot,
according to the terms ot the instrument, change it
before 1858.
Mr English said that the Lecompton Constitution
does not embody the wrill of the people of Kansas,
and they do not wish it fastened upon them as their
organic law. All the special pleading, because the
technicsflity is supposed to be on the other side, is
too much like Shylook, who exacts the pound of fleali
because it is named in the bond.
Mr. Phillips advocated the admission of Kansas
under the Lecompton Constitution, aud contended
that the proceedings of the convention were regu
lar, according to the established principles, recog
nized precedents, and according to what some gen
tlemen regard as good authority. Congress has uo
right to hesitate a moment as to her admission. Ad
journed.
IN SENATE March 10.
The Senate passed a resolution paying the repre
sentatives oi tbe l*ite Senators Butler, Hell, and
Ku?k. compeueatiou for the special session to the
day of the death of each.
A discussion en?ued on the resolution offered by
Mr. Johnson, of Arkansas, to print ten thousand co
pies of last year's Patent Office report.
Mr Mason expressed himself in favor of stopping
the printing altogether.
Mr. Brown said, stop the franking privilege and
you get rid of all these books. No publisher in the
United States would publish them if offered the
copyrights gratis.
Mr. Toombs said he would vote to abolish the
franking privilege.
Mr. Slidell moved to postpone the matter indefi
nitely. which was lost
The resolution was then amended by limiting the
bock to one volume of 800 pages, and thus amen
ded it passed. The resolution provided for print
ing ten thousand copies of the Patent Office report
on Mechanics.
Mr. Hamlin continued his remarks from yesterday
against the admission of Kansas under the Leeomp
ton Constitution.
We subjoin a snyopsis of Mr. H.’s entire Epeech
on both days.
Mr. llamiin, of Maine, commenced an earnest
speech by allading to the magnitude of tbe pending
issue. In view of the circumstances which had at
tended the formation of tbe Lecompton Constitu
t’on. he did not believe that a single Senator could
rise and say that its adoption by Congress met the
approbation of his judgment. Yet the d-rspotism of
pariy demanded acquiescence in this political turpi
tude.
The permanence of our National Union was said
to be staked on the result. He should indulge in
no laudations of the Union. It needed none. He
orayed that his country might ever & stand a moral
monument and beacon-light to the world, but he
could not disguise from his mind the conviction that
the commission of a great wrong was calculated to
undermine the very foundations cf the Kepublic.—
National sins, sooner or later, would bring their own
avengers.
Preliminary ■ o the discussion of the pending bill
he would direct his attention to a few of the extra
ordinary doctrines avowed and statements made
by Mr. Hammond, of South Carolina, who, in his
recent speech before the Senate, had contrasted the
faith of the North with that of the South, and to tbe
disadvantage of the former. In the absence of any
specifications, it w&j* difficult to prove a negative
in behalf of the North, but if the charge rested on
any foundations he hoped they would be indicated.
He ventured to affirm that no single instance of
Northern perfidy could be produced. Mr. Ham
mond, in alluding to the threatened prevalence of
tbe North in the control of the Federal Government,
Lad ssked what s-ecurity the South would have that
the North wouid not plunder hex with protective
tariffs and national bank*. In a question of legis
lative faith this reference to protective tariffs and
national banks seemed rather unfortunate. Who
had inaugurated the theory of protection ? South
ern statesmen Who had raised the first voice in
favor of re-eetablikhing the national back in 1816 f
Southern ,ite*meii, with John C. Cklhoun at their
bead. And it was not until the North had aocom
n odated its industrial and commercial pursuits to
this tariff and banking policy that Southern politi
cians took the lead in breaking them down. Such
wtre two illustration* of Southern legislative faith.
On a broader field of inquiry it remained to ask
what was the early policy of the Federal Govern
meat in the matter of slavery extension = .Every
one knew that the founders of the Constitution
looked to the gr&duwl disappearance rather than
of slavery. The anti-slavery ordin- ;
ance of *B7 was conceived by Jefferson and adopted .
wi a the unanimous assent of the South. How
stall'll the South to-day on tnis same question of j
slavery extension ? Has there been no change of
sentiment and reversal of {political action ? If so,
who ha been deceived and who is warranted in j
complaining ot broken faith on this subject 7 And :
who established the Missouri compromise? South j
ern men. Who repealed that compromise in viola- |
tion of plighted faith 7 The South, with the aid of j
a few votes from the North. Was there no viola
tion of good fakh in this ?
Mr. Hamlin then proceeded to pass in review so j
much of Mr. Hammond's speech as related to the
social condition of the North. It was true that the
North comprised in its population many who were
poor. In large cities at the North the existence of
beggary and want could not be denied. Wa3 there
no beggary or want in Baltimore, Charleston and
New Orleans ? Among the rural population of the
North mendicants were unknown. Poor men there
were in abundance, and poverty may always bring
more or less of dependence ; but was that depen
dence such as justified Mr. Hammond in terming
its satjects slaves T And what was the condition
of the Southern poor as described by Southern wri
ters, and by Mr Hammond among them? Mr. J.
H. Taylor, of Charleston, had estimated the number
ot unproductive and indolent white men in South
Carolina at the number of one hundred and twenty
five thousand, whose grade of civilization was only
one step in advance of the Indian savages. Mr.
Hammond himself, in a public address, had deplor
ed the presence in South Carolina, of a class of poor
white men who glean a precarious subsistence by
fishing, hunting, thieving, and by trading with
slaves and seducing them to plunder. Mr. Hamlin
read extracts from De Bow’s Review and from the
Riramond (Va ) Dispatch in further iliustrarion of
the fact that the South is encumbered by a v orthless
pauper class. He presumed Mr. Ilaintrcnl -pvke
witnout much personal knowledge of the North,
and perhaps drew his inferences trcmtlie s a’eof
society in South Carolina. The poor everywhere
had a claim upon their more favored brethreu, and
in this respect he ventured to say that the citizens
of Boston contribute more to deeds of public chari
ly and beneficence than the whole Southern States
combined. Mr. Hammond had further disparaged
the character of Northern laborers by placing them
substantially in the same category with slaves of
the South. Mr. H. felt assured that the Senator did
not mean to utter a libel on the workingmen of the
North, and had perhaps drawn his conclusion with
respect to their character from his observations of
Southern laborers who are degraded by close ton
tact with slavery. He thought, however, tse infer
ence was unjust. He stood in the Senate as a la
boring man. the representative of Northern laborers,
and though he could wish (their interests and repu
tation were committed to abler hands, he would not
be unfaithful to his trust or neglectful of duty when
their character wa arraigned.
Without concluding hie remarks Mr. Hamlin gave
way to a motion to go into Executive session.
On Wednesday the subject was resumed, and
Mr. Hamlin concluded the remarks which he had
begun on the previous d&v. In further reply to the
imputations cast by Mr. Hammond, of South Caro
liua, on the character of 4i hireling manual laborers’’
at the North, he argued that the invidious discrimi
nation made by that Senator between the poorer
and richer classes of Society was founded on a dog
ma discarded by the founders of free government
iu this country. The North recognized no distinc
tion between those who labor with the hand and
those who toil with the brain. Both dispose of th .ir
labor by contract, and iu this sense are equally
“hirelings” aud ‘ slaves.” If negro slaves were
the “ mudsill” of Southern society, the manual la
borers of the North occupied no each position, and
might rather be likened to pillars in the social edi
fice which they strengthen and adorn.
He thought Mr. Hammond had fa len into a po
litico economical fallacy in the argument by which
it was sought to show that the annual surplus ex
portations of the South indicated the amount of its
anuuaily accruing wealth. This would depend al
together upon the fact whether or not that surplus
was employed to defray the cost of what the South
consumed. If this surplus production was swallow
ed up by the consumption of indispensable articles
imported from abroad, it did not. stand as the index
of so much wealth; the balance of the account
might rather bring the South into debt, as he be
lieved the facts aud figures would show.
Mr. Hamlin then cited a statement from the work
of a Southern author to the effect that the South
was in reality growing annually poorer and poorer
rather than richer and richer.
But, in addition to the comparative exports aud
imports of the two sections, there were other in
dications of national* wealth which might be used as a
touchstone in trying the relative prosperity of the
North and of the South. These were : 1. Public
schools; 2. Growth of population; 3. Agricultu
ral improvements iu land and machinery ; 4. Manu
factures ; 5. Ships and commerce; 6. Railroads;
7. Capacity for war. All these great enterprises
demanded surplus wealth for their establishment
and successful prosecution. It remained to show
which of the two flections when tried by these
Btandards seemed to be the more prosperous. Mr.
Hamlin then made citations from the last census
uuder each of these heads for the purpose of show
ing the superiority of the Northern over the South
ern States in the elements of wealth and social im
provement. He said that he engaged unwillingly
in this style of argument, and would have avoided
it but for the injurious and, aehe thought, errone
ous statements of Mr. Hammond. He respected
his Southern brethern, and rejoiced that their coun
try was also his country and their glory his glory.
Recurring brieily to the pending bill, he then pro
ceeded to deprecate its passage as a wrong without
parallel in the history of civil government, and
which became only the more odious because perpe
trated under the technical forms of law.
Mr. Sebastian, of Arkansas, next delivered an
elaborate speech, of which we regret that we are
unable to give a faithful analysis from the low and
often inaudible tone of the speaker. He was under
stood, however, to argue in favor of the pending
bill, whose acceptance by Congress was necessary
to vindicate the great principle of non intervention
in the Territories. The union of Kan as and Min
nesota in the same act of admission was a step in
the right direction, and recalled the days when it
was customary to admit at the same time a slave
holding and a non slavehoMing State. By this the
equilibrium betweeu the North and the South had
long been preserved, until by the admission of Cali
fornia the balance had been destroyed, perhaps for
ever. Mr. S. then proceeded to remark upon the
history of the anti-slavery agitation, the aggressions
of the Emigrant Aid Society of Massachusetts, and
the history of political events in Kansas. He did
not doubt that frauds had been committed by both
of the excited parties of that Territory, and if the
pro slavery men had beaten their opponents at this
game, it did not lie in the mouths of those who
sanctioned the gigantic fraud attempted by “organ
ized emigration'’ to complain of the result. He be
lieved it competent for the people of Kansas to
change the Constitution before the period named iu
the instrument. It would have been better other
wise, but the right to do so seemed to tlow fiom the
terms of the reservation contained in the Bdl of
Rights.
The Senate then went into Executive session. Mr.
Polk, of Missouri, has the floor to-day.
HOUSE.
The morning hour was consumed cn ti e question
of excusing a member of the Committee of Accounts
from serving.
Mr. Stephens asked leave to present to the House
the report of the Kansas Committee.
Mr. Sherman, of Ohio, objected until the Select
Committee’s should be called.
Mr. Stephens said that would not be for two
months yet. Meantime he should take the respon
sibility of printing it
The volunteer bill wa* resumed.
Mr. Curtis made a Bpeceh in favor of additional
regiments of volunteers being placed at. the disposal
of the President to operate in Utah. If he failed to
use this description of force, let the respons.bility
rest on him.
The House then passed to the considrotion (tech
nically) of the Consular and Diplomatic appropria
tion bill.
Mr. Foster made an anti Lecompton speech, and
opposed the extension of slavery.
Mr. George Taylor delivered his views, andj Mr.
Haskins made a speech iu favor of the admission of
Kansas.
The House then adjourned.
IN SENATE March 11.
Mr. Houston, by consent, called up the House
bill for paying the deficiency in the appropriation
for printing, ordered by the 33J and 34th Con
gresses. The deficiencies provided for as follows :
For paper used WO 6 *
“ printing executed 57,619 1)1
“ binding and engraving 179,569 61
Total $314,189 58
The bill was passed after a very bitter discussion-
Mr. Fitch submitted a resolution for ir quiring of
the Secretary of the Interior what are the instruc
tions under which the United States Marshal of Utah
is act ng.
Mr. Hunter remarked that lie had given notice
yesterday that he would to-day introduce a motion
ior taking a recess from four to six o’clock P. M.,
each day. Since then he has conversed with gen
tlemen on the other side, and their impression is
that the discussion of the Kansas bill may be termi
nated by Thursday next, without recourse to this
extraordin-.ry measure. He, therefore, has conclu
ded t_* abandon that motion.
Mr. Wade said, he was opposed to the evening
sessions, as he thought allthe members should Lave
the same right o speak at seasonable hours.
The Kansas bill was taken up, when—
Mr. Polk, of Missouri, made an elaborate argu
ment in favor of the admission of Kansas into the
Union under the Lecompton Constitution. That
instrument had been legally and deliberately form
ed by the people of Kansas, while, in the case of
Minnesota—to whose reception, however, he offer
ed no opposition—it was notorious that grave irre
gularities had attended the formation oi her pend
ing constitution Kansas, on the contrary, exhibi
ted the magnificent spectacle of a people moving
steadily under the restraints of law in all the steps
which had conducted to the establishment of the
Lecompton instrument. The slavery article of the
Constitution was at the bottom of the whole difficul
ty. Without this the Lecompton Constitution would
have passed unchallenged.
1 o the charge that the people of Missouri had in
vaded the Territory of Kansas he responded by an
emphatic denial ot its truth. There was no need of
any such invasion, as it wa3 demonstrated before
the first elections were held in the Territory that the
Southern emigrants were largely in excess over
those from the North. The people of Missiouri had
gone into the Territory in good faith, with the de
sign of permanently settling and occupy ing it. If
any had left after “staking out” their claim of land
it was with the purpose of returning. Their aims
were directed to the amelioration of the condition
of their families, and were, moreover, inspired by
patriotic motives. On the other hand, it early be
came apparent that the Northern emigrant were
flocking to the Territory solely for temporary and
political purposes
Mr. P. Ik held that the decision of the Lecompton
Convention was bu'horitat.ve in tbs matter of the
Constitution, whether cs regards its formation or
submission. Jlr Co'lamer had drawn a distinc
tion between the h'cnhf u and authority oi the Le
compton Convention, tut to sustain his view with
regard to the abeenc- of the latter he had been
compelled to assnrne that the eovereigty over Kan
sas resided in Congress. This assumption being
without foundation, it followed that his argument
fell to the ground.
Mr Polk believed with the President, in his Kan
sas message, that the organic act of that Territory
was iu its terms a sufiioient enabling act. He also
defended the schedule of tte Lecompton Constitu
tion from the charge of trickery and deceit. It was
eminently proper to refer the slavery question alone
to popular arbitrament, as it was the sole cause of
dissension in the Territory In this way it was that
that question could be decided on its individual
merits, without extraneous influence arising from
collateral and minor issues. In view of all the cir
cumstances. he thought that every consideration of
public duty couspirea to favor the speedy admission
of Kansas into tie Union, which he did not doubt
would prove a great measure of pacification.
Mr. Polk then proceeded to earnestly defend his
constituents on the western borders ot Missouri from
the imputations so freely cast opon them by He
pubiican Senators. The so-called ‘‘Binder R,f
flans” were a noble, gallant, and hospitable people,
who, following the star of empire, planted Inc ! -
of liberty, learning, and science in the vi-g,n so.l of
the West. Such men might sometimes bs pruvok
ed to deeds of violence, but never stooped to com
pass their purposes by trickery and fraud.
Mr. Benjamin, in a speech oi great eloquence and
power, reviewed tbe legal relations of slavery
der the Constitution of the United States. Tee Kan
sas question, he said had again evoked the bitter
hostility of the North to the institution of slavery.
Under all the pretexts and disguises with which it
was sought to be concealed this hostility formed if c
real motive of the opposition so strenuously urged
against the admission of Kansas as a slave Slit
In subservience to this spirit it was that tne Su
preme Jadiciary of the land had been arraigned and
maligned on the’ door of the Senate. To this criti
cism ana to this vituperation he pnrpoeed to reply
in such terms as the occasion might seem to demand.
To do so it wouid be necessary for him to vindicate
the legality of the use is on made by the Supreme
Court in the eaae of Dred Scott.
He denied the proposition that elavery was al
ways the creation of local and positive statute. At
the date of the Revolution slavery was the common
law of the thirteen oolonteA It had been establish
ed in them by Great Britian, and, in some cases, j
against their remonstrance. The importation of j
slaves into the colonies was at first a royal monopo- ,
Iv, bat subsequently was opened to the tradesmen
and merchants of London, who never ceased to ‘
stun the ears of Parliament with their clamor until
this commercial privilege had been conceded to
them. In thia way it was that slavery was planted
in the colonial dependencies of England, and when
in 1760 South Carolina protested against the impor
tation of slaves, her Governor was reprimanded
and threatened with removal in case of future op
position to the traffic. Even as late as 1775 after
the first blood had been shed iu our Revolutionary
struggle, the colonial secretary had declared that j
[ the moiher country con’d never allow the colonies
i to check or prevent the importation of slaves
1 Such, then, was the common, law which prevailed !
upon thia subject under the jurisdiction of Great
| Britain
j By the celebrated Asiento contract the British
Government had secured the right of imp r rting
slaves into the Spanish American colonies. When a
question was raised aa to the legal status of the Afri
cans thus reduced to slavery, the judiciary of Eng
land unanimously decided that negroes were “mer
chandise,” and this continued to be the recognised
common law of the kingdom until Lord Mansfield,
yielding to the prevailing anti-slavery fanaticism,
subverted that common law by his decision in the j
famous Somerset case. The force of that decision,
however, had subsequently been broken by the
judgment of Lord Sioweii in the case of the slave
Grace. —That eminent jurist had held that slavery
may rest upon custom and prescription as well as
upon positive law. Mr. Benjamin here made cita
tions from the decision of Lord S , and alluded to |
the fact that Mr. Justice Story, of our own country,
had expressed his concurrence with its position;?.
Slavery was indeed the common law of the whole
New World at the period of its colonization. Por
tugal. which began the slave trade, and Spain,
which fostered it, acted in what they deemed
interest of their colonies by t hus establishing and
legalizing slavery within their borders.
In further illustration of the customary and tra
ditional prevalence of slavery, Mr. B. reviewed the
hhtory of villeinage in Great Bri:aiu. and re p-o
cess by which it was gradually extinguishes I.
France the pens de mam mart were not dt stared
free until 1779. In Spain the institution of s> very
had a habitation until a receifl clay, while wi h re
gard to 80 much of the Continent as was under the
agis of the civil law it was unnecessary to say that
the rights of the master w t re every where recognised
and secured.
In view of this general andcus;oa>ary prevalence
of slavery as the common law oi the American colo
nies, it followed that positive etatute was necessary
tor the prohibition rather than esthblishment of
slavery. Why are any of the original thirteen co
lonies now known as “B'ree States ?” Because they
have abolished slavery by’ positive legislative en
actment Without this they would still have re
mained, in point of law, slaveholding States.
Mr. Benjamin then proceeded to explain the three
provisions of the Constitution of the United States
with respect to the institution of slavery, replying
specifically to the arguments of Messrs. Fessen
den, Collamar, and Seward. Iu reviewing the
speech of the last named Senator he took occeeion
to pay a warm euiogium to Chief Justice Taney,
and deprecated the partisan animosity and viru
lence with which the national judiciary had been
attacked.
Recurring briefly to the pending Kansas question,
he argued in favor of admitting the State ou her
present application. The Senate had offered, scarce
ly more than a year ago, a means of pacification in
the well-known “Toombs bill.” That had been
scornod by the Republican party at that time, who
sturdily persisted in having the Topeka Constitu
tion ur nothing. They spurned then the. protection
of Congress, and he was opposed to granting now
what had thus been deliberately rejected, especially
when it was only sought to keep alive the anti
slavery agitation with reference to the next Presi
dential election.
At five o’clock the Senate adjourned. Mr. Chan
dler, of Michigan, has the floor to-day.
HOUSE.
The volunteer bill was taken up.
Mr. Stanton favored the bill, but thought the dis
turbances in Utah could be quelled in one camp rig u
and therefore any increase should be temporary.
He was not iu favor of employing regulars !or this
duty. He was opposed to any increase of Execu
tive power at this time because he had no confi
dence that it would be properly applied.
He thought he knew the motive cf the adminis
tration in asking an augmentation of the army at
this time. It had staked it* existence on the ad
mission of Kansas uuder the Lecompton Constitu
tion , and to do so it wanted additional patronage.
There are now one hundred and eighty-five army
commissioners in Kansas. Kaueas onca admitted,
Calhoun will Cbrtity the pro-slavery members of
the Legislature, and, if disturbance results, the Ex
ecut.ive will have a pretext for using the troops in
Kansas. . . . , ,
He asserted a3 a constitutional principle th t th
President has not the power to use the etandit
army except in case of open public war vth ?.
foreign couutry, or in case of a rebellion in a State
or territory.
Mr. Harris, of Illinois, rose to a question of pn
vilege, wishing to submit the journal and minutes
of the Special Committee on Kansas, to show that
the committee had not executed the order of the
HOUB6.
The Speaker decided that it was not a question of
privilege. Mr. Harris appealed from the decision.
Mr Stephens moved lo lav the appeal on the ta
ble, but it was disagreed to by 15 majority.
On motion of Mr. Marshall, of Kentucky, the
further consideration of the subject was postponed
till to-morrow.
Mr Boyce made a speech in favor of the peacea
ble adjustment of the Mormon difficulties through
the mediation of Commissioners. He argued that
this was far preferable to war and iu consonance
with humanity. Adjourned.
Erovi the New- York Journal of Commerce.
The Union Bunk Defalcation*
One of the chief topics of discussion in financial
circles to-day, is the defalcation at the Union Bank.
We notice that some persons are disposed to criticise
the watchfulness of the presiding officers, as it the
loss were owing to some dereliction of duty on their
part, but we see nothing in the fact of the case to
warrant such an assumption. A few days ago a de
tective police officer called at the Union Bank and
informed the President that a clerk iu that institu
tion had been seen to lose a large amount of money
in a gambling house, and there was a suspicion that
all was not i ight. The clerk was known in the house
as “ Bob,” anda> there was no one answering the
description, the President thought there must be
some mistake,’but immediately instituted further
inquiries.
In a day or two the detective was enabled to
identify Benjamin K. Brotherson, a book-keeper in
the bank, as the suspected man. The President
could scarcely believe the statement, as he had
found Brotherson a clerk in the bank when he took
charge of it, 20 years ago, and there never had been
a breath of suspicion against him. lie immediately
engaged an expert to examine B.’s ledger, and the
defalcation was discovered. The defaulter having
observed enough to know that lie was suspected,
left the b nk under pretence of having a toothache,
and his whereabouts cannot be discovered
The ledger shows a deficiency of about $127,000,
but most of this must have been abstracted many
years ago. Biotherson’s wife converses freely m
regard to it, and stated to a lawyer who called upon
her, that some years ago, previous io her mar. iaf*e }
B. told her that there was a defalcation in the U.don
Bank of SIOO,OOO, and asked her if she would marry
him knowing this fact! consented, aud has
faithfully kept his secret, but she says that it has
worried him night and day, and that lie has repeat
edly resolved to make a confession to the President,
but could not raise sufficient courage. She says
that B. asked for his pistol when he left, but seeing
his excitement she refused lo let him have it, aud he
went away without it, tell.ng her that she would not
see him again for many years.
As the bookkeeper did not handle any of the
bank’s funds, he could only perpetuate a fraud by
collusion with some of the customors of the bank.
In this case, the operations run so tar back that the
whole of the combination has not yet come to light.
It appears that Jacob H. Mott opened an account
with the new bank (the Union having been wound
up as a chartered institution, rnd reorganized as
an association under the General Law,) iu the year
1856, and that the bookeeper continually credited
b in with fictitious amounts ; in some cases adding a
figure at the left hand of an actual deposit, in others
entering an amount entirely fictitious, when no de
posit had been made. Os course, these credits were
balanced by a corresponding debt against some ac
count which had a large balance, whenever the
bookeeper wa* required to furnish his balance sheet.
The amount of overdrafts on this one account, is
about $45,000, and it is probable that the remainder
of the defalcation ran far back into tiie business of
the old bank. Assuming the whole sum named
($127,000) 88 actually lost, it will not behalf the
present surplus of the bank, and will not necessarily
interfere with the regular dividends of the institu
tion. The occurrence will teach more watchfulness
and caution, but we would suggest that this care
should be directed less toward the invention of new
safeguards, in which we have but lktle confidence,
than towards the character and habits of those who
are now trusted by the banks. They cannot avoid
this trust, and notwithstanding all their watchful
ness, they will be occasionally deceived.
Iu this connection, we may venture to remark
that there is a clique of outsiders who have been
concerned more or lees directly in nearly all of the
bank frauds, not only in cases of collusion with dis
honest clerks iu respectable institutions, but also iu
tkoee cases where the be.nk itself has been origiua
ted with an intent to swindle the public.
Washington Items. — Several leading Democrats
of the Senate manifest resentment at Mr. Selden’s
nomination as Marshal of the District, and threat
ened opposition to his confirmation. Messrs. Bright,
Benjamin, Bayard and S idell exerted their persona!
influence for Mr. Ould, of Georgetown, and fee! .
their defeat keenly. The office and perquisites are j
worth $15,000 a year.
Intelligence has been received at the War De
partment from Capt. Pope, who has charge of the
artesian well expedition in Texas. He states tha”
everything indicates a favorable conclusion to the
expedition.
The House Military Committee have before them
and under examination the Indian war debt of j
Oregon aud Washington Territories, which amounts
to six millions of dollars. As it has already been I
examined by a board of army officers and pro- |
nounced correct, the Committee will, it is under- |
stood, report it to the House.
Sir William Ouseley’s presence here bas hereto
fore baffled all inquiry and speculation. Recent ;
Europen letters state that Mr. Buchanan, when j
Minister, at the time of Mr. Cramp ton’s proposed
dismissal, suggested Sir William Ouseley a3 an ac- I
ceptable sure-!•-> >r, hut Lord Palmerston declined !
to accede to the .suggestion, and the purpose was j
abandon ,and. After Mr. Buchanan’s election his re
commendation wai remembered, and inquiry in
duced the belief that Sir William and family, trom
their fanrliar relations with the President through
long acquaintance or their supposed influence, inigut
advance British interests at Washington in connec
tion with or independent of Lord Napier. Hence,
the impression is that the Central American mission
was contrived to cover ulterior objects not yet
avowed. This solution may be erroneous, but is
not improbable.
Latest Indian News —On the evening of the
10th ult., a Warrior of Bowleg’s party, and a negro
belonging to that Chief, approached tbe station oc
cupied by tbe delegation of friendly Indians. They
were met by a few of the delegation and escorted
into camp ; left that night and returned next morn
ing with another Indian : Brother-in-law of Bowlegs)
The hostile Indians again left camp on the 21st,
after having made ariangements with Jumper to
meet Bowlegs in four days.
On the 27th ult., Bowlegs, one of hia principal
men. a son of Assinway, and one of the Chiefs of
Sam J ones’ party—four in all—were having a “talk”
with Maj. Rector, who is quite confident of his
shirty to induce all their people to emigrate.
A genera! council will soon be had, at which the
question of removal will be settled.
Maj. Rector has declined the services of General
Blake. The latter gentleman is now in this place.
The friendly Indians, in their scouts, failed to
find the hostile Indians. The latter found the white
flags, and came into camp without soiiei atioo.—
This fact augurs well for a favorable result of the
negotiations now pending.
Under all the eircumriances, we feel sacgu'ne
that the “ Florida W ar” will soon be terminated by
the peaceable removal of the Seminoles to the
West.
By the arrival of Maj. Rector, this morning, we
ii- vr-a confirmation of the above. The Indie* -
w ioh to see the money promised tLem in case they
consent to a removai; to procure which is the ob
ject of Maj. Rector's visit.
Astfinw&h. the -rider, ig wonoded. He will meet
the delegation to negotiate iu behalf of Sam Jones
party, as Boon as he can travel.
Maj. Rector will return tomorrow on the U. S
steamer Gray Cloud .—Peninsular, March. 6.
Florida News.—We take the following from the
Peninsular of Tampa, March 6th .
The Weather, —Daring the paet week Jack Froet i
has paid us an unseasonable and unwelcome visit.— j
It is feared that vegetation has been killed.
Man Shot. —On Thursday evening, in Tampa
Wil.iam Aden was shot by John Mobley. The con
tents of one barrel of a ehot-gun entered tbe back
of Alien, making an ugly fiot not mortal wound.
Six Men Supposed to be Lost. —On Wednesday
of last week, Captains Hunter and Harrison, two
Johnsons, and two meD, names uaknown.
left Tampa, for Manatee, in a heavily-loaded skiff.
There being heavy weather for a day or two after
their departure their non arrival in due time caused
anxiety for their Bafety. a sail boat was immedi
ately started in search of them whinh boat arrived
at this place on Sunday iaet, having made no dis
covery tnat would solve the mystery. Three boats
have since left Tampa for Manatee, we have no in-
Uffigcnee from them.
WEEKLY
Chronicle £ JkntindL
AUGUSTA, GA.
i WEDNESDAY HORNING, MAK’H IJ,ISJS.
! ="■ ■■■ ‘ =
THINGS TO REMEMBER!
READ THEM.
As it is always best that men who have busi
ness transactions together, should understand each
other fully, we hope every r ader of the Chronicle
& Sentinel will read and remember what follows:
THREE DOLLARS A TEAR.
The terms of the Weekly Chronicle & Sentine
are three dollars a year ; or,
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR,
If paid * advance or within three months after the
commencement of the subscription year. After
that time three dollars will invariably be
charged.
That every subscriber may “save his dollar,”
a notice will be sent in his paper, a few weeks be
fore his time expires, notifying him on what day his
subscription terminates.
Errors Corrected.
If any man perceives the slightest error in his
bills, let him inform us immediately, and we will
cheerfully correct it. No necessity for getting into
a passion about it. All we want is what is right
and just, and we do it when we know it.
Marriages, Dentils, Obituaries,
The price for publishing a Marriage or Death,
fifty cents. The money must always accompany
the order.
The charge for publishing Obituaries is ten cents
for each printed line.
lloiv to Write to an Editor.
First, write the nameof your Post Office, plainly,
at the head of your letter. Then state, iu at few
words as possible, to make yourself understood,
what you wish, and sign your name so that it cau be
read.
If you wish your paper changed from one Post
Office to another, do it in these words :
“Change my paper from P. O. to
P. O.”
lie ce r tain to write the name of both Post Offices
plainly, and always name the Po3t Office at which
you have been receiving your paper.
A subscriber can discontinue his paper at any
time he wishes. All he has to do, is to request it in
a note, or return the paper marked 11 Refused,” and
write the name of his Post Office on the margin.
We wish every Postmaster would remember and
observe these suggestions for changing and stopping
papers. If they would, their duties would be much
more correctly and satisfactorily performed.
If you write any man on your own business, and
wish a reply, enclose a postage stamp to pay the
postage on the reply. It is enough to tax a man's
time to reply to your letters on your own business
without taxing bin) to pay the postage.
We Always Send Receipts.
! If you send -."oney and do not receive a receip
■ in a reasonable bum, either in your paper or in a
j -Me:, write ;s immediately and inform us that you
■ vo seat the money. For, iu these days of Post
Offic- thieving, every letter containing money does
not reach its destination.
Money Mailed at out- Risk.
We take the risk on all money mailed to us, if the
bills are not cut. If cut, the party sending them
takes the risk.
John Van Ruren, Dix, and John Cochrane,
These New York notables are the most promi
nent “ National Democrats” in the Empire State;
the men with whom the Southern Democracy affi
liate “cheek-by jowl,” and upon whom, we are told,
the Sonth must rely, (indeed the only party at the
North upon which she can rely,) for the mainten
ance and support of Southern institutions! Since
this trio have become, in their pursuit of the Spoils,
so altogether worthy to affiliate with the Southern
Democracy, and such prominent lights in the Na
tional Democratic conglomeration, the following re
miniscences, which we find iu the Tribune may
prove particularly interesting to their Southern
brethern. Whatever gratification the contemplation
of the picture may afford the Southern Democracy,
they can console themselves with the reflection that
it is the to letter, truthful.
From the New York Tribune.
Messrs. John A. Dix. John Van Bitten and John
Cochrane in 1848 united in framing and upholding
the Buffalo Platform, wherein they
“ Resolved, That the true, and in the judgment o f
this Convention, the only safe means of preventing
the Extension of Slavery into territory now Free, is
to prohibit its existence in all such territory by act
of Congress.
“ Resolved , That we accept the issue the Slave
States have forced upon us, and to their demand for
more Slave States and more Slave Territories, our
calm but final answer is— No more Slave Slates
and No more Flare Territory. Let the soil of our
extensive dominions be ever kept Free for the hardy
pioneers of our own land, and for the oppressed and
i tarnished of other lands seeking homes of comfort
! aud fields of enterprise in the New-Wold.”
! On this platform, a dozen ways expressed and as
many times repeated, before and afterward, Mr.
Dix ran lor Governor, with Seth M. Gates (old-line
Abolitionist) for Lieutenant, under Martin Van Bu
ren for President and Charles Francis Adams for
Vice. There were no two heartier, bolder, more
effective canvassers for this ticket than John Van
Buren and John Cochrane. Cochrane was the
standing resolve-drawer of his party; Van Buren
its most popular orator. On the platform above
citod, they stumped this and adjacent States, doing
their mightiest iu behalf of the principles above
enunciated.
On the 29th of January, 1860, John Van Buren
addressed to the Free Democracy of Connecticut
his famous letter wherein he declared the Demo
cratic party dissolved, and said :
There never was a time when those who de
sire to see slavery prohibited in the Territories of
the United States, and abolished by the General
Government wherever it has the power, were more
urgently called upon to speak and act with energy
and decision. The recent message of the President,
[Gen. Taylor[ in favor of the non-intervention poli
cy, ought, I think, to satisfy his supporters in the
uon-slaveholdiog States that no assistance is to be
expected from him in resisting the spread of slave
ry, and, that, whatever their hopes in this respect
may have been, they are destined to disappoint
ment. The course of Gen. Cass, at the same lime,
while it is in conformity with his declarations during
the late canvass, leaves us nothing to hope from
him, or from those who now sustaiii him,” &c.
Rees’s Manual.
We have received from the publishers, T. So J
W. Johnson Sc Cos., Philadelphia, a eopy of this
work, (written by Wm. M. Reese, of Washington,
Ga.,} which will be found very convenient and use
ful to persons inexperienced in law. It unfolds
plainly, concisely aud correctly the duties of Ordi
naries, Executors, Administrators, and Guardians,
in the State of Georgia, and embodies such elemen
tary principles of the common law as are of constant
application, the most important decisions of the
Supreme Court explanatory of the etatute and com
mon law, aud a large number of forms.
It is for sale by Thos. Richards Sc Sons.
“McKfnn Quickstep.”
We have received from the publisher, 11. D
Ngrrell, a piece of music, with the above title,
composed and dedicated to Capt.JoHNK. Jack
son, of the Oglethorpe Light Infantry, by Kop-ert
. tTari’Eß, of this city. It is a beautiful and
i. -i! ni-,o’ mnosition, evincing considerable
tart- and •• to y in its arrangement, and will
■■ b-r ■ a popular favorite.
For -aie by li I). Norrell.
D ::mne in Sterling Exchange.— A special
dSpaicb ‘’ the Baltimore Sun, dated Friday, March
12, pays: An important decline took place here in
steri’ .g exchange to day. Bankers’ bills fell to
81-4@B 1-2, and commercial do. t0712a8 pre
mium.
Found Guilty. —The Greensboro’ Gazelle rays:
I —The slave John has been found guilty of the mur
i der of Jesse S. Jones, and sentenced to be hung on
I the 80th of April next. The slave Thornton, who
was accused as being accessory before the murder,
was aiso found guilty, and will be hung at the same
time, we suppose. The case was ably conducted
by Judge Cone, for the prisoner, and Mr. Lofton,
the Solicitor General, Cola. Bet-se and King, for the
State.
The Letter Registering System a Failure.
—Our experience, thus far, says the Journal of
Commerce, goes to establish the fact that a much
larger proportion of registered, letters fail to reach
their destination, than of letters that are not regis
tered. The reason doubtless is, that the register
mark is a distinct announcement to every one who
has access to a letter thus distinguished, that it con
tains money, or something else of value. And as
there are dishonest men here and there, it is not
strange that such letters frequently miscarry. The
system of Post Office drafts is already in operation
in England, with the best success. It would be a
great convenience here.
Magic and Mount Vernon. —While Virginia,
the mother State of Washington, shrinks from the
high duty of securing his home and grave as the
pilgrim shrine of America, in the niggard fear that
the women ofour country will fail to redeem their
pledge of repayment, even the “Fakir of Ava,'’ as
wiil be seen by the subjoined paragraph, generous
ly tenders his aid to accomplish the noble and
patriotic enterprise :
Extract of a letter from a Lady of Tennessee
to the Southern Matron.—‘The great Magician,’*
or -'Wizard of the North,” whose artist title is
-Fakir of Ava,” having realized a large fortune by
Lis wonderful performances, attracting crowds to
witness them in different parts of the United States,
has generously offered to manifest bL patriotism
during the present year to the advancement of the
glorious cause which is now exciting such profound
and general interest in the hearts of Southern pa
triots—the purchase of the home and grave of
Washington. He assures the friends of the Mount
Vernon cause, that he can without the smallest
difficulty raise $ Ki.OttO for the Mount Vernon Fund,
by his magic wonders, and is prepared to do so by
commencing operations at once.
The Work Goes On. —There was a tumor in
New Orleans on Saturday, says the Delta, that 150
Africans, just imported, had gone up Pearl river.
The Delta also hears of an offer to land cargoes on
any part of the Mississippi coast, and Bays :—“This
importation is hardly fair, let Mississippi pass
Hughes bill, and Louisiana pass Taylor’s bili, so
that rich and poor will have an equal chauce to pro
cure labor.”
Coffee. —The stock of Bio Coffee in the portß ot
New York, New Orlaans, Boston, Philadelphia, and
Baltimore, is estimated at oaly 70,000 bags.
Gov, Brown and Bank Profits.
Some unfeeling correspondent of the Savannah
Republican , who did not give full credence to Gov.
Brown's statement as to the extent of the profita of
the Banks, has been so unkind as to make the fol
lowing expose of His Excellency’s “ignorance and
stupidity.” Such an act was not only unkind but
cruel, and vioiative of “ the respect due to the Chief
Magistrate of a great Stale I” It shows not only a
want of respt ct for the dignity of the office, but a
feeling quite ek’J to contempt for “the distinguish
ed incumbent’ !—and wo are quite surprised at the
Republican to give place to such an expose of the
utter barrenness of the Governor’s knowledge of
the subject. It might bo tolerated to permit such
an expose to be made of the ignorant county court
pettifoggers, and pot-house politicians and dema
gogues who have figured in the recent aint-bank
crusade, but to subject “the Chief Executive of a
great State” to be thus exposed to the jibes and
jests of every intelligent man in the nation, is intol
erable and not to be endured. If no respect is due
to the Governor himself, the Republican should have
exhibited its sense of propriety as a public journal,
by showing & proper degree of respect to the office. —
Such “abuse” of Gov. Brown, cannot fail to wound
His Excellency or somebody else. It is monstrous
—indeed it is!
To the Editor of the Republican :
Asa great deal has been said about the profits
made by banks for their stockholders, and the privi
lege of circulating three times the amount of their
capital stock in bank notes, I have taken some
pains to ascertain what has been the profits paid to
the stockholders by the Bank of the State of Geor
gia, since its establishment in the year 1816, down to
the present time —the first dividend being declare >
in April, 1817, ar.d the last Oct, 1857—a period of 41
years, or say 82 semi-annual settlements; du i g
which time eight settlements, or for four years, no
dividends were declared—in April and October, 1823,
and April, IS24—and again in April and October,
1842, and Oct., 1843, and April aud Oct., 1844. Em
bracing this whole period however, four years, the
average interest paid has been equal to $7 05 per
annum only.
Now the specie on hand at each semi-annual set
tlement as above, has been $367,805, and the bank
bills in circulation $1,166,312, which is equal to
to one dollar in coin to $3 17 iu bank notes iu circu
lation.
The table which shows all these things in detail,
is too long for publication ; but I will simply remark,
the highest amount the bank ever had in circula
tion was in April, ISIS, on a capital of S6O per share
then paid in, when the circillation amounted to $2,-
3000,800, and specie on hand $119,837 ; and again
in April, 1853, circulation on a full capital of SIOO per
share paid in, $2,452,630, aud specie on hand $202,-
069.
The lowest amount in circulation was in October,
1842, when $226,993 was out, and $201,261, in spe
cie on hand.
It is a great mistake on the part of the public
generally, to suppose, because the charter of a Bank
gives the privilege of circulating not exceeding
three times the amount of its capital stock paid up,
that a Bank in fair credit can ever reach hat
amount —it is never done in fair competition with
Banks.
The same table to which I have alluded above
will show that during 41 years the Bank has paid to
the individual stockholders, County Academies,
&c., the sura of- $2,915,411
And tc the Stata of Georgia including the
Dividend on SIOO,OOO stock in the name
of the State, but for the University at
Athens $ 1,322,478
Paid tax to the State on Capital
Stock 155,151
And to Tax Collector of Chat
ham county 8,023
In all $4,401,063
Respectlully, P .
Loan Associations.— Mr. Aleaxder Richards, of
Macon, borrowed money from a Loan Association
in that city, aud refusing to pay it upon a plea of
usury, a suit was commenced on the mortgage. The
State Press says:
“The ease was before the Supreme Court twelve
months ago, when the Court determined that the
Association was authorized to loan money accord
ing to their constitution, aud that the plea of usury
could not be sustained. The case was up during
the present term, aud the questions were, whether
the Association was entitled to recover the full
amount of their claim against Richards, and wheth
er the Association could foreclose their mortgagee
H t law—the plea being that a foreclosure in such a
case could only be had in Equity. The Supreme
Court determined both of those questions in tavor
of the Association—affirming the decision of Judge
Powers. The Association recover, therefore, the
full amount of their claim against Richards and the
case is thus brought to an end’.’
Fires in Texas—Cotton Burned— The steam,
er Gov. Pease, says the Galveston Civilian of the
2d inst., took fire the 28th ult., on Trinity river,
half a mile below Alabama, and was totally de
stroyed, with her cargo of 1440 bales of cotton. The
crew and passengers were all saved, but with diffi
culty, as the boat was under headway when the fire
broke out. The boat was uninsured. Only 600
bales of the cott on was insured.
A great tire took place at Liberty, the 28th ult.,
by which thelaig-sr part of the business portion of
the town was burned. The buildings destroyed are
valued at SIO,OOO.
The Indians. —The Waco Southerner, of the 20th
ult., says : Information has been received here of
the abscondiug of some 600 Caraanche Indians
from the Upper Agency, above Fort Belknap
They had just received their winter supplies, &c.—
This is strong argument in favor of civilizing the
savage Indians. Their thieving and pilfering pro
clivities will forever be a barrier in the domestica
ting of the wild man, and nothing short of absolute
dependence will ever bring about that teformation
desired. Thousands and thousands of dollars are
lavished yearly upon the tribes at the frontier agen
cies, and yet no particular great good has been act
complished. But we hear continually of the mur
ders and depredations committed every few weeks.
The cry comes from every quarter of the upper
frontier to remove them.
Wordsworth’s Solitary Joke. —We have
heard of single speech Hamilton, and “one idea” peo
ple by the hundred, but we never knew that the au
thor of The Excursion made but one witticism in
his life. He was the cause of many by other peo
ple :
One evening at Talfourd’s the c mversation turn
ed to wit: Moore, Sydney, Smith, Barham, and
many eminent men were there. Wordsworth, the
great poet, said, “I don’t think I ever was witty but
once in my life 1” This, of course, induced all to
beg he would relate his solitary witticism. “Some
time ago,” continued Wordsworth, “as I was stand
ing at my gate at Rydal Mount, a man came up to
me, and asked if I bad seen his wife pass that way 7
Whereupon I said, “Why my good man this is the
first time that I have heard’ that you ever had a
wife,” when Wordsworth stopped. All roared with
laughter at the absurdity, aud the old poet to his
dying day considered the merriment his obtnseness
occasioned, as a tribute to his wisdom.
Investigation Proposed. —The Portland cor
respondent of the Boston Journal “There has
been some talk of detaining the steamer North
American when she arrives here till the facts of her
running down the bark Leander, in the English
channel, can be irquired into, as there appears to
be gross negligence somewhere.’’ The North Ame
rican is due at Portland about Tuesday next.
A Signal of Danger. —lt would seem, says a
letter from Borne, that the brigands of Italy are by
no means disposed to give up their profession in
consequence of the introduction of railways. A
railroad, not more than nine miles in length, con
nects Borne with Frasoati. On 28th ult. an unusual
ly large number of passengers, chiefly of the better
class, had taken the train for the latter place; a cir
cumstance, it appears, which the bandits of the
neighborhood were well aware of; for in the inter
val they surprised one of the signalmen on the most
deserter spot of the line, and then hoisted a red flag
as a signal of danger. The engine driver, on ap.
proaching, saw the signal, and stopped the train,
immediately two men sprang upon him, and secur.
ed him, while their confederates leisurely opened
the doors of the railway carriages, and rifled the
pockets of all within, without the slightest opposition-
After this operation the train was allowed to con
tinue its route.
Fatal Accident. —Two boys, some fifteen or
sixteen years of age, says the Cartersville Express,
were on a hunting excursion, near Allatoona, in
this County, on the 4th inst., when one of them by
the name of Hannie, aecidently shot the other one,
by the name of Waldroup, through the head, killing
him instantaneously. Hannie was tried on the sth
inst., and acquitted.
The Collins Line of Steamers. —lt is reported
on pretty good authority that the Adriatic, Atlantic
and Baltic will be bought in at the public pals of
these vessels by Messrs. Brown, Bros. &. Cos., they
being the largest creditors ; and that they wiil con
tinue the line as heretofore, with the $ 19,250 mail
contract. It is also reported that the trips of the
line will be extended to Southampton and Havre ;
and that the vessels will commence .running in the
course of a month or six weeks.
The Collision Between the Steamer North
American and Bark Leander.— The Portland
correspondent of the Boston Journal says : “There
has besn some talk o! detaining the steamer North
American when she arrives here till the facts of her
running down the bark Leander, in the Eaglish chan
nel, can be inquired into, as there appears to be a
gross negligence somewhere.’’ The North Ameri
can is due at Portland about Tuesday n£xt.
Fiendith Depravity. —We learn, from a pas
eenger, says the Savannah Republican of Thursday,
that when the morning train from Macon was about
entering upon the trestle work of the Ogeechee
Swamp, about one o'clock A. M., yesterday, some
fiend incarnate discharged a gun into the window of
the passenger car. Two slugs entered near the
head of a passenger and passing immediately in
front of Lis face, and but a few inches distant, went
out at the opposite window, quite a8 near to the
head of another passenger on that side. The cir
cumstance, of course, produced great excitement
among the passengers.
This is the third attempt of the kind that has
been made within a few weeks, and it is difficult to
account for so wanton an act of depravity, worthy
only of the Thugs of India.
Later from Kansas.— The St. Louis Republi
can of March 9th, contains information from Kan
sas, which states that an attempt had been made to
abduct the judges of the election at Delaware Cross
ing, to prevent them giving evidence in the pend
ing investigation, and that one man w as killed.
The clerks at Shawnee Mission are preparing a
statement under oath that they gave in their testi
mony before the Investigating committee under
threats of death.
A letter from Fort Scott says that place had been
taken by Lane’s men, who were robbing stores and
slealing horses. No lives lost.
Abolition on the Decline. —Fred. Douglass
complains bitterly that the friends of the abolition o
slavery are falling away from the cause, some for
one reason and some for another, and a good many
because “ its principles required them to treat the
colored man as an equal brother in all the relations
of life.” There’s the rub ; the abolitionists never
were the true friends of the colored race, and after
preaching freedom and equality so long to them,
they shrink with loathing from the practical illus
tration of their own doctrines, and would almost as
soon come in contact with Satan himself as a “ nig
ger.”
A General Bankrupt Law.
A circular has been sentout, from the city of New
York, to the business men of the country, wi; ii a
view to enlist them in the procurement of signers
to a petition to Congress, asking the passage of a
general Bankrupt Law.
The New York Committee, in their circular, pre
sent the following very forcible, aud conclusive nr
gurnentß in favor of the passage ot such a wise and
salutary law. They are not only forcible and con
clusive, but are condensed in a nut shell, and should
be read and pondered by every intelligent read-;
“ First. That all credits should alone be based
upon property and character; aud that creditor,
should have the right secured to them, by In
equally operative throughout the laud, by which
they can share pro rata iu the distribution of ail in
solvent debtors’ estates.
“Second. That a general law, liberal in its pro
visions, and which shall discharge the debtor f ob.
his liabilities upon the surrender of his property,
will not only be humane, and a great public gain,
but will leave that great moral fink connecting
debtor and creditor uneevered, impeTing the for
mer to use the energies thus generously released in
repaying the losses of the latter
“ Third. That the small dividends under the law
of 1811 should have no weight against the passage
of the present proposed law. irmu the fact that tuo
insolvents of 1841 were made so by the revulsion ot
1837, or previously, and, as a natural consequence,
had used up their assets by family livings, specula
tions. law expenses. See., previous to its passage.
“Fourth. The immediate pa-sage ot a liberal
bankrupt law would not only secure millions, if and 1-
lars to present creditors that otherwise l. ust be
wholly lost, but would immediately restore to the
active business community thousand of hone.-;, in
dustrious, and enterprising men, free from debt,
and without the loss of their business friends or th
entire destruction of their faculties by hopeless de
ity or idleness.
Fifth. The passage of the proposed law would
operate to entirely supersede the system of preicr
red creditors, by which the money lender takts not
only precedence over all others, but absorbs t lie
very property sold and delivered in good faith by
importers, jobbers, manufacturers, Arc., instead ct
securing, with strict and equitable justice, an equai
division of the entire estate of oaukiupts among all
and every description of creditors.
“ Sixth. The immediate adoption by Congress
of the proposed law will restore geueral confidence
and revive business at once : not merely by se ic -
ing the assets of the debtor for the creditor, or t
discharge of the former, that he may again be of
use to himself, family, and society, but as a bn-is
upon which thousands yet doing business can in. t
their creditors, explaining their position without
fears, aud thus possibly be saved from ultimate
bankruptcy.
*• Seventh. That, from general observation made
withiu the last six months, it is asserted that a gtea
majority of the business community, at the present j
time, are fully of the opinion that, the bankrupt 1... j
of 1811 should not have been tepeated, bat |
amended iu some of its provisions. Had th it h and j
done, aud the law remained upon the statute b ok t- -
this day, it would be looked upon as not only ti. •
great sheet-anchor for the protection of tho t r.-’i
tors, but as the most couservativ e law of the laud.”
New York Politicians.— Probably ti e science
of politics, never very comprehensible nor clearly,
h-t-been reduced in New York to as tortuous aim
| and r v a labyrinth as can be found in t!m known
sorld. It is impossible to predict, from New- Yoik
politician's present status, where lie will be next
inouth, much more next year; what his principles
rea ly arc, or whether lie has fixed principles, or any
principles whatever upon any subject. We find
m-n now tiding at the head of the Southern column
in the Empire State, who, a short time ago, were the
active li u’euants of tho Black Republican Fro •
moo'. whiV, on lbs other hand, some of tho conser
vat vs leaders have marched as cooly to the head
of the abolition co'uuin, and are fighting as despe
rately unde, its itandard as if they had never flung
any ether to the bteeze. There seems to be butone
principle among them, which, however, is common
to al , and that is -Spoils New York has sadly and.
generate t since the days when the Clintons, Van
Nesses, Van Rensselaers, Livingstons, Kents guid
ed her destinlea, and adorned the firmament ot her
fame. One such man as De Wilt Clinton is worth
more both to the renown and the interests of a S ale
than all the politicians between here and sundown
—Richmond Dispatch.
What admirable National Democrats theso New
York politicians would make. “No principles but
the Spoils They should all be National Demo
crats.
Revival of Business. —We have accounts from
i almost every section of the country of the gradu
1 al revival of business. The cotton factories at Lan
-1 caster, it is stated, are about to resume operations.
> At Lewiston, Me., all the mills will soon be at work
* with 16,000 additional spindles in one of the n. The
! Woonsocket (R. I.) cotton mills, which have been
running only five days in the week, are abo it to be
. put upon full time. In Massachusetts, the Bay
: State milt at Lawrence now employs 600 hands, and
, will, it is believed, ere long be in full operation
- The Pemberton mill is about to begin running under
i the new owners; and the duck mill in Lawrence ha:
- renewed work.
j A Curious Wedding.— A letterfrom New York,
relates the following : An interesting wedding took
place a few days since, be’ween a Mr. Henry B
f Melville and Mrs. Sarah Iv. Seymour. The partin
have both been married before, and each have a
family of seven children—those of the gentleman
comprising six daughters and a son, and those of
J. the lady six sons and a daughter. The sons acted
on tho occasion as groomsmen to their future father,
’ and the daughters as bridesmaids to their future
mother. The whole fourteen children, dressed alike
according to their Bex, entered the church aim in
’ arm, and ranged themselves on either side of their
parents, who are both remarkably handsome, and
looked superb. The bride is wealthy, and was rich
ly dressed iu a pearl colored moire antique, with
costly laces aud a diamond brooch and bracelet.
Horrible Death. —We learn, says the Rome
i Courier, that on Wednesday or Thursday of last
week, Mr. Jacob Smyer, the owner of a mill some
three or four miles below Coosaville, in this county,
was caught in his machinery by his clothes, drawn
in between two cog wheels, and most horribly mu
tilated, causing his immediate death. Mr. Smyer
was a worthy citizen, aud Ilia untimely death is
deeply deplored.
A Great Pedestrian.— The Houston (Texas)
R. public gives the following notice of a perserviug
pedeetrian:—We have met an individual, who
had traveled on foot from Montreal, Canada, to
Houston, Texas, a distance of perhaps 3,500 miles.
In most cases he journeyed along the banks of
rivet b, and when he crossed from Louisiana to Tex
as he found the prairie oovered with water be
tween the fine and the town of Liberty. This
gentleman spoke in the highest terms of the ho:pi
tality of the people along the whole route. He had
served in Sir Lacy Evans’ Brigade in Spain, during
the war between Don Carlos and Queen Isabella
He was accustomed to carrying a knapsack aud
preferred traveling on foot to any other way.
Slave States at the Time of the Adoption
of the Constitution. —Tho question having beon
suggested as to what States slavery did not exist iu
at the time of the adoption of the Federal Consti
tution, the New York Courier says that, slavery hrd
n) legal existence either in Massachusetts or New
Hampshire at that time. Slavery was abolished ii
Massachusetts in 178 U and in New Hampshire in
1783, and the Census of 1791) shows the existence
of slave in every other State bat these two Ver
mont was not admitted until the year after, hut
famed a law prohibiting slavery in 1777. In Maa
e-TuboUs it was decided in toe Lecbmere case, is
P7n two years before the famous Somerset case in
Krglend, that slaves could not be held by common
law ; ard many slaves, by seeking for their liberty
iu the corn ’s, obtained It.
CuTT.n Receipts. —A comparison of therein ipls
of cotton at. all Ihe Southern ports up to latest dates,
with the receipts at the same time last year, sliowh
a decrease of 8.G.415 bales.
The Key \Vi st Fugitives.—A Nassau corres
pondeut * f Ihe Savannah Republican, says that the
eleven slaves who escaped from Key West, some
weeks ago, in an open boat, had found their wny in
Bafety to the Bahama Islands, and landed af Na.nau.
Mr. Wm. 11. Fry, the accomplished musical critic
of the New York Tribune, says that Myerbeer's
Huguenots was produced at tbe Academy by Ull
man’s troupe, on Monday eight, with a splendid
force of orchestra and chorus, and a uniform excel
lence in all parts, fur exceeding the cast of tbe Aca
demy of the Paris, where Myerbeer brought out the
work originally.
A “Boyai.’’ Tyco. —According to an ancient
usage in Prussia, all the Prince3 of the ltoyal family
must learn a trade. It is stated that the Prince
Frederick William, just married to the Princess
ltoyal of England, learned the trade of a compositor
in the printing office of Mr. Hauel, at Berlin.
Alleged Forgeries.— lt is staled that forged pa
per to the amount of $11111,00(1 has been discovered
at Lynchburg, Va., aed that a man heretofore en.
joying an excellent character is implicated. A
grocer in Boston, named Mahan, has been arrested,
charged with forging his uncle s name to fifteen
notes, amounting in all to $12,300, several of which
were negotiated at the banks and with brokers.—
Samuel A. Way and Wilder &l Estabrook are
among the pr.vate parties who have been victimiz
ed.
Accounts from Asia Minor describe snow storms
in one of which a Greek monastery was buried
and tbe five monks had to be excavated by the
Turks. At Malta, tbe snow wbicL had not fallen
nee the Bu.sian campaign of 1812, was some feet
high, and accompanied with hail and tempests.
The Glasgow Herald states that David and 80.
bert Macdonald, tbe leading partners of the late too
Well known firm of the Macdonalds, sewed muslin
manufacturers, have transferred their industry to
the New World, having sailed for New-York on the
13th February.
Oil from a New Source.—Ad important branch
of manufacturing at Marseilles, Prance, is the pro
duction of oil from peanuts, and for making soap it
is said to be preferable to the other seed oils. The
shell is not removed, but la crushed with the kernel
Brisk Time3 in Texas —The Gonzales (Texas;
Inquirer says that Gonzales is getting brisker
Several persons were knocked down lait w<-k
Oa men shot at another, a prisoner attempted to
Rive leg bail, but was captured, and time, were
gen. re ly lively ; the young corn had not been in
jured by the froßt, and an organ griuder had been
robbed of about one hundred and fifty dollars in
money, a gold watch, &c.
“Terrific Gale at Fayal.—A letter dated
Fayal, January 24, says:
We have just bad a most terrific gale here. Such
a storm has not been known for fifty years. The
wind blew from the southeast, which is here the Lad
wind. Out of sixteen ships which were lying at an
chor before our eyes, nine of them were driven on
the sands and rocks at our feet, and broken into
atoms. No lives were lost-
Lola Mostez and Mrs. Cunnisgham.— lt is said
that one day last week L ' jla Montfcz P aid a vieit 10
Mrs. Cunningham, at her residence in Twenty
ninth street, New York, and had a long conversa
tion with her upon the subject of the murder of Dr.
Burdell- Mrs. C. on this ocoasion, renewed her
protestations of innocence, and informed Lola t at
if ever the truth came out, it would be found teat 1
the real murderer was a certain person whose name •
has been figuring quite largely of late in the oouits. j
The Bon’s and the it. —i’cn .c i.nd Effect,
The Savannah Republican ssy-.; :—The late finan
cial cr .nd trouble about the bancs have pretty
well blown over and ceased to excite an interest in
the public mind ; yet, it is not too late to learn
wisdom from events that hsve passed, and correct
errors wbicc are so apt to prevail in times of pe
cuniary excitement or distress.
One gr. u’ mistake made by many in this particu
lar section—the Governor of Georgia prominent
among them—was upOi the true relations su-tained
by the banks to the troubles which, from some
source, had come npon the coun ry. Short-sighted
men and interested partisans did nut hesitate to
hold tite bauks responsible for it all; fur no better
reasons than teat they stood convenient, and their
assailants had neb her the 1; u s-’y nor the industry
to search farther for the tru came of the difficulty.
Without going into an elaborate argument on
this point, we thiuh we can eafi wtoriiy illustrate
the whole matter—even to the mind of Governor
Urown-by copying an extract from a elder, which
we have now be.fore us, written by an intelligent
gentleman of tho up-country, aud a political friend
of his Excellency lie says:
“You ask me what I think of the veto of the
HirkUil I can only say, that wLi e I ill uk it
proper that every cheek -u. 1 guard et-oul! b>; brown
around tho Biliks to prevent over isso e hen., tor
the protection of the people, ye’Gov. Brown has
shorn an utter ignorance ot’ th q-.testi ■ b.fore the
Legislature. I fear from ti e tone end - baracter of
his veto, that it was in p it n wilful in under
standing of the qn, t >ii, through the delusive hope
that the veto would placo him bio! in popular
favor.
“He hrs made the signal error of treeing the
Banks ns ’he cause oft: onnirntr. iii cm-air-ss
moil’s and no’ tea m re in irt'ors of them. Tho
fact is. that wlii'e the Brinks at- necessary to the
commercial opera’i is <>f the, world at tin; prtssnt
I day, (and ti a -eersti y alt the va.uts in the worlu
cannot obviate,) they are, in a greater .’egree than
they make the currency, the tin -raoneteis, or,
more seuei ively s iI, the barometers of the com
mercial atmosphere. They print, surely aid inva
riably to the cuuiing storms iu the Commerce of the
country, or more properly the currency. The uni
take of Gov. Brown, tin’ , may be likened to that
ofthe nitty Hiberni ~i, who* upon tbs’ s-ni-gu
thermometer in veiv w nn went e-r in oti.ineiciv
smashed it ti pi -res wi u Lis shilel&h, exclaimit >;
triumphantly: ’And you are the spalpeeu that
makes tlm weather so lud—-take thari b jabbers,
for your bad manners,’ and went on li: way r. jcic
ing, complacently believing he had sutured lo all
irankiud an excutp’im from sultry weather for all
time too >iite. I think you wi I agree with me,the
e unpirupu is not iuapt, though it may uut be ‘in
i odorous.’ ”
Dyskntert, Its Pathology and Treatment.
—Wo are indebted ‘otlie courtesy of the author,
j (Dr. Robert Campbell, Deinorstratqr of Anatomy
in the Medical College of Getvii and Lccturei on
o inieal raedieiene at Jackson s'roet Infirmary.) for
a copy of hit Clinical Lecture on the above subject.
Dysentery ii a dis :. .e that has been attracting
much ofthe atteuti in of the profession for the la: tp
live years, both us to its l’.itli. im-y and tre intent. <
The pamphlet before us oonratns three lectuTes,
which exhibits much research aud inves igati in cu
the subject—and whatever may be said as to the
Doctors’ views of its pathology—we imagine there
wilfbe but little cissent to his treatment, at least
in this section of the count ry. Oo the P. - i.olcgy of
the disease, Ms views arc presented withal iity,
and some of them are new and well worthy tho at’
tention of the profession, to whose attention we taka
pleasure iu calling it.
New Books.
Modern Reform Examined; or the Union of
North aud South on the subject, of E'qv ry. By
Joseph C. Stiles. Philadelphia; J.B. Lippeu
cott Sc Cos.
We have not Lad au opportunity of | rus’ng this
work, but from the favorable manner in which va
rious high-toned, con er votive journals of both te -
tions of the Union have pronounced upon its unlit ,
we cannot doubt it will meet with a welcome re
ception.
It is for sale by H. D Norrell.
Volunteers and tat Army— On this aubjeot,
Mr. Iverson, of OeoigU, thus expresses himself iu
Congress :
“1 am opposed entir. ly to tho use of volunteers.
I believe they are much more xio-n-ive aud infiul
lively les efficient than regular troops. If you
wish to diminish the txp> uses ut the Army—if you
wish to keep down the < xtraordi iarj expenses ot
your military opera! >mu agniiu- which gentlemen
have so much er ■ a out in ll.is deb ‘ y.ui o us-t in
tear force yon are driven t< call into tin- field ; you
must increase the reguh:-’ Army and obviaie tits
necessity of calling ‘or tv.-litia. When y-.-edo this,
the expense of your mild iry establishment will be
diminished; but until this is done, until the neces
sity for volunteers is entirely obviated by a suffi
cient increase of your Army, the exlraor- he ry ex
peudi'ures for your Army must go on increasing
every year of your national exie'ecoH ; because
you must have your frontiers protect*d ; you must
have your garrisons and your fort Coitions injM&ed ;
you must hiv e the lives and property ot yolWieo
ple protected in passing from one portion of the
country to the other. These are necessary things
which the Govenment cannot do without; theso
are duties which the Government is compelled by
every sense of obligation, of honor, aud of uuty to
itself aud its people, to pet form. ’
Tennessee. —The Tennessee House of Repre
sentatives has passed abi t, by a vote of 53 to 7,
submitting to tho people the propri; ty of holding a
convention to amend tho constitution of that St-te.
Its passage by the 8- ii confidently predicted.
Baltisi re and Ohio Railroad —The revenue
ofthe Baltimore and Ohio Railroad tor February
wae as follows:
M’m .*. N V-’. V V/sb’j I’r “ otl.
Passenger-.£>3B U 57 NT $“'.0?ll7 ,*h:i - ‘-l 1- S 4 05.1
Freight .. luff 235 U 5 14 10U.4.’ i-ueuna ms 715 57
$J3u,59259 $16,307.55 $33,473.89 $-89,373 96
Those fi h ures, compared with iho-e for February
of last year, show a falling off of $85,699.29 on the
main atom and $1,301.44 on the Washington branch
—total decrease ie-r those two fines SB6 910.73.
There is lo be added, however, tho n venue of sl6,
307.56 from tLe Northwestern Virginia road, whloh
makes the aggregate decrease only $70,503.17.
The Suez Canal. —The Augsburg Allgeir.eine
Zeitung,of February 10th, says;—“The great un
dertaking of cult ing a canal across the Isthmus of
Suez —au enterprise favored by the traditions of
the past and urged by the wants of the present—is
gaining supporters in tho Turkish .Capitol. M. De
Lesseps, hitherto sustained by popular opiuion
throughout Europe, not excepting England, has
now al. o received enoourngeinont from America.
The Americans are a practic -1 pi ej.l ; freedom- of
the seas and marine highways they have always con
tended so took the initiative for the abolition
of tho Sound Dues, and are true to their interests in
Tuik-y The American charge des affaires in
Constantinople, Mr. Brown, has tendered to Mr.
Lesseps the assurance of his cordial support, aud
declared trial, iu case E : Inn i should ti ke any
positive slops ■ p-v the accomplishment of
h.s project—a project in which ail nations must
feel an interest-—he should consider it lbs buiy to
present a written protest to the Divan, in the name
of his government.”
The Maryland eiu -Tho McJhodlst
Episcopal Conference at present in session in Balti
more, have resolved to establish a newspaper, which
is intended in pari to disabuse the public mind in
relation to the views of the Conferetcj in legal and
to slavery. The paper is to <ccupy conservative
grounds.
The Proper way to Heat a Car.—The Ciu
ciunati Commercial furnishes the following direc
tions Jo gentlemen in search of the typhoid fever ■
Take a seat with filiy-nm* and a half human bi
peds in a railroad t ar, wl ieh li e man g* rw of the
road have cure, ully and judiciously closed against
the admission of fref hort- t* escape off >ul an , ride
a few miles, and e . utploma of tbe approach o ! the
disease wiil soon maurcat tbemselvt-H by n burning
head, freezing feet, a< long bones and ad: rdered
stomach. If you eecnpe the disease under this
treatment, it r s no use for you to h< pe to get, it.
The above is not an exaggrratiuu o the tflWda
of the badly ventilated <-a?s in general use. The
best arrangement for wanning and for ventilating
is now in use in one or more of tb cars on ti e
morning and evening trains on tin* Li tie Miami
Railroad Tbe fire is where it should be, ui der the
the floor of the car, and the warm air riries through
registers and passes out at little windows Jour or
five feet, above the floor. In summer fresh air is
abundantly supplied from above tbe roof, and is
passed through a stream of water before cnteiirig
the passenger ruoin. — Dolt. Amer.
The Carnival at Paris —A Paris letter dated
.Sunday evening, the 14th, says “The Carnival
wh.cb has been rendered trinle by the grippe. and
the comparat va absence of foreigners, is now, in
its expiring, but almost brilliant moments, gay.—
Pierrots are numerous. Crinoline h the favorite
theme for carricature in dresy I have ueeu on the
Boulevards to day, men dressed up as women, with
hoops which must have been °!olen from the great
barrel oi Heidelberg, au who took up as much
room aa half a dozen ordinary individual-. They
were followed by laughing crowds.
Decline of Abolitionism—A late number of
the Liberator contains tbe following statement, In
explanation of the admitted fact that tbe abolition
party in the North is growing smaller and smaller :
“One has abandoned i because its advc cates
disagreed among themselves ; another has drooped
it because it has run into polite*; Ht.ill another has
withdrawn from it because it tends to dissolve the
Union ; a very large number have quitted it be
cause it disturbs the peace of the Church; some
would-be respectable peoplo have Separated from it
because it staaas directly in the pathway of popu
larity; some have aboued it when they lound mat
its principles required them to treat the colored
man asar. equa- brother in all the relati* ns of life.
Thin la j t has proved too much for the abolitionism
of thousand*, especially of beads of families, who
want their children to be respected and honored In
the world.”
Mr Paulson, tbe chess player, bssjust completed
a remaikahle feat at Dubuqe, lowa, where he re
sides. He playc-d seven games of chess at the same
time, egaii st seven of tie be .t olnss players of that
city, he being blinctolded. Tbe games lasted
through three evenings, and resulted in the com
plete suoeesr of Paulson.
An Abscindi::g Agent.— F W. Porter, the ab
sconding treasurer of the American Sunday School
Uninn, was brought to Philadelphia Saturday, upon
a requisition on the Governor of Ohio, to which
State be had fled. Mr. Por.er waa taken into tbe
Court of Sessions, where he entered bail in $5,000.
Sudden Death at Brunswick.— The Herald of
the 10th instant, says:—“On Friday last, Mr. Henry
Dale, a young in&n of excellent character, and ap
parently in robust health, fell dead while walking
the street.
It is said that ex-President Comonfoit of Mexi
co, is the eon of an Engl'shman, w-lio was a cotton
manufacturer at Puebla, and who married a Span
ish lady.
Convicted. —Thomas Golden was tried at the
Superior Court of Marion county, last week, for the
murder of Nicholas Jordan rome time last winter
and convicted.
On Monday last, says the fusheegee (A'a.) Demo
crit UA the pasteuger train was pai sing n wood
ale, a littlo below Motosulgs, the •nginser wa filed
upon by a scurvy looking fallow who bad evidently
p fed himself therefor that purpose. The tain
[ „-<n minediately stopped, and several persons went
in pureuit of the offender, who was shrewd enough
I to make his escape.