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BY W. S. JONES.
T KRAIS.
weekly
CHRONICLE <fc SENTINEL
IS PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY,
AT
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parts of a Club be received. The whole six must
Came togeth*•*
THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
DAILY AND Tit I-WEEKLY,
Are also published at this office, and mailed to sub
■oribers at the fallowing rates,namely:
DAILY PAPER, if sent by mail, Hey fw Dollar. 1 !
per annum in advance, and Eight Dollars if
payment be delayed THREE Months.
TRI WEEKLY PAPER, Four Dollars, In ad
vance, and Five Dollars if payment, be delayed
THKF.E MONTHS.
ltnt-4 for Waelilg Advertisements.
Ordinary advertisements, published once a
week in Daily, Tri- Weekly or Weekly, Seven and
half cents per line, ter each insertion.
Hpccial Notices, Ten Cents per line, for the lirp
insertion, and Eigkt Cents per line for each subee
quent insertion.
Displayed Advertisements, Ten Cents per
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Marriages, Deaths, and Funeral Notices
Fifty Cents each. Obituaries, Ten Cents pe
line.
TO THE PLANTERS OF THE
EMPIR K STATE.
IWOI LI) mo it *'< riially Invite the alter lion of * 7
friend* and the Plan tern generally, to an implement,
Invented by myself, and patented on the2oth October,
1187.
The object of this invention is to Increase the profits
of manual labor. Its m*-rit * have been thotonghly test
ed upon my own farm ; and it has been pretty generally
introduced to the Planters in the adjoining counties if
Georgia and Florida, who place the iiighoui estimaie up
on it, and lire a/ailing themselves of it-, great advan
tages. 1 can assert from actual te.it, that \ousaveby
th** nse ol this implement 50 to 100 per cent manual la
bor, as wll be testified to by hundreds who are acquaint
ed with its superior advantages.
The Double-Acting, Circle-Adjusting
PLOW,
Is so peculiarly constructed that yon may run it with I
•lie, two, or iliree shares of anv width from 3 to 12 inch
es, deep or shallow. Amo, a a sitbeoiler, I ran a turn
Share in advance, and iunno.Lately iu the rear h suh.
soller, turning over the surluce soil and thoroughly pul
verizing the hub roil.
I offer liberal inducements in the rale of county aud
Mate right*. Address C. B. u AORUDEK.
Thouiasville, Ga.
Variety Farm. Thoir.ts co . Oa. aug!7 wi
COTTON KANI
111 AV E appointed Maj THOMAS TOBIN, of the
. Cdy of Angnsta, my Solo Ageut for the halo o
Kqdit for tb** manufacture ami m eof my COTTON
KaN, for States, Counties, or individuals in the State.-,
of South (Jsrilina, Georg a and Florida ‘Who u oof
the above Fau is to clean Cotton of. am!, dirt and heavy
trash, previous to its bring ginned
Til OS. OLIVER, Patentee,
sepl7-d3Aw.‘lm* Yazoo City Missis- inpl.
IA X)KHERE.
Farmers, Planters and Keepers of
* HORSES.
“Keep your Homes in Good Condition..’
liiimrsirs
KBH&I VEGETABLE HOUSE HI!.
frill*: extraordinary virtues of the celebrated OKI-
J MAN HORSE POWDER, are attested by thousand*
who have used it It is composed of Vegetable Roots
and Herbs, and is highly reeommended for the cure and
prevention of all tboaediser.fics to which that animal—the
Horse—is subject: as Distemper, Hide-bound, Drowsi
ness, Loss of Appetite, Inward Sprains, Yellow Water,
Fatigue trom hard exercise or work, Inflammation of the
Eyes, Debility, Wasting of Flesh, Ac. It carries off all
gross humors, prevents horses from becoming stiff or
foundered, purifies and cools tbo blood, and improves
their gnueral condition. The constantly increasing de
mand for this celebrated ‘• HOUSE MEDICINE ‘ is one
of those uumistakt-aliln proofs of its worth. In etuiau o 1
Hide-bound, Logs of Appetite, Drowsiness, Fatigue,
DUteinper, lutt animation of the Eyes. It improves the
condition of the Skin; impart * a tine glossy coat of
Hair ; it is a universal Condition Powder. Farmer.-: and
Planters should not bo without this valuable Powder.
For sale, wholesale and retail, by
FISHER A HEINLTSH,
Columbia, S. G.,
and by
PLUMB & LEITNER,
Wholesale and Retail Druggists, Augusta, (la.
mv*29-w ly
PIKE COUNTY LANDS.
A VALUABLE PLANTATION f r sale, lying in
Pike couuty. It Joins Zt-bulon on the North, 11
miles from (Irilfiu It contnius 1,200 acres, r.nd 200 of
that is bottom land; 40or 50 of the same in cultivation,
which will bring 10 barrels of corn per acre. There is a
good mill seat on the place. The Improvements are all
good a:.d uew, aud well watered. Convenient to mar
ket, and church, and school. Two Out Houses and
Screw. 1 would sell the crop now grow ing, an I desire
moving West. Any one wishiug to buy, would !o well
to call aud exa ■ ine lor themselves. 1 .nw tor cash.
JAMES BECKHAM.
P. S. There can be bad 400 acrca joining if any pet son
wished more. Uy7-w : hnl J B
PLANTATION FOR SALE
fit IIE subscriber in offering for sal© his PLANTA-
X TION iu Clay county, Ga., contain ng about 730
acres—about 850 acres cleared, good Dwe.ling. Gin
House and Screw, all new, and lying on the river about
fi or 9 miles above Fort Gaiues.
febfi-wtf JAVES GRIER.
BANKS! BANKS! LANDS! LANDS! !
AliAltf'K quantity of the best lMautinp and Farm
tec LANDS in ■ intbera Georgia, and elsewhere, in
Tract* of 250 to 2,000 acre* to suit purchaser* Also,
ten to fifteen leagues of select Texas Lands, with clear
titles, is now offering at very low rates at tho the Georgia
Land Office, in Augusta.
Bills of the Augusta, Savannah, Athens, aud the
Charleston and Hamburg suspended Banks, wil be ta
k uin payment at par value. Neuroes will be taken al
so, and the highest cash price* allowed.
Persons desirous of forming settlements, or making
safe investments, will find it to their interest to call at
our Office, Warren Range, Augusta. (s.
JAMES M DAVISON,
Laud Agent aud Real Estate Broker.
octl7 dlwAwtf
SAVANNAH RIVER I. AND
IFOR SALE.
riMIR rX!)KKSI(J\KI offers for sale, his PL AN-
X TATION, lying three miles below Rarksda ! e‘a Per
rv, on the Sa anuah River in Lincoln couuy. Goo , con
taining twelve hundred and three acre*, six hundred
and ninety acres f which ts now .u emtivathn. and of
which one huudred is good river bottom and between
two hundred and fifty and three hundred fresh cleared.
There is bet we. n three huudred and four hundred acres
of wood land The place i very well improved, has a
comfortable Dwelling, a good Gin House and Screw
and all necessary outbuildings, with a
Well of fl *t rate water in the yard.
More partlcularlar description is deeme-l u .necessary
la this advertisement. Persons wishing to buy, are re
quested to toms and examine for themselves l am
anxious to sell, for the purpose of removing westward,
and will hold out inducements to an an . roved purchaser.
JAMES L HtfiGUIB.
Lincoln Geo , 1 Sod. augi3wtf
gapr* Abbeville Banner wPI copy until ordered stop
ped, and forward hill to this office
LijsrcoXiisrxoKr
MALE AXD FEMALE SCHOOLS.
milß Trustees of the above Schools, are desirous of
X secur ng the services of a Male and F.milo
TEACHER, forth* ensuing M'-r At a meeting re
cently held, they resolved to offer a salary of four him
dred and fifty do’ara to a competent Ma.e Tea her, ai.d
three hnndre 1 aud fifty dollars to a Female TANARUS richer.
ShouM the I'uitHHi amount to more tl an ’.he above
salaries, the Teachers will be entitled to it. By proper
exertion on the part of Teachers and Trustees, we flatter
ourselves that fiourishiug and remunerative School* can
be built up.
Applicant* will correspond with tho Board of Trus*
tees. , _
On the first Tuesday In DECEM 3ER next the Board
will meet for the purpose of considerirg applications.
octl-wtt HENRY J LANG. Sr.y,
DROPSY CURED.
11 HE undersigued proposes to CUKE DROPSY of
every description. He can be seen personally five
miles south of Union Point, or addressed by letter to
Union Point, Greene county. Ga. The Medic re can
be sent anywhere by railroad, w;*h diiectior* for
giving it; or, 1 will attend personally, f request
ed. and paid for my trouble 1 will buy N.groes
afflicted with Dropsy, or cure them, as the owner nay
prefer. Satisfactory references given. ifdes : red.
MILES G. BROODS.
State of Gtorgu i Greene county :
This is to certify that uiy father had a negro r>au af
fiicted with Dropsy in 1853 ; he had been treated by se
veral physicians without any cure, when he appltal to
M G. Broome for which cured him. He is
■till living, and in good health.
Hxnkt Chimpios.
Union Point. Green* 0.. April 7
*
MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA
AT AUGUSTA.
TnK ANNUALOOURBROF LECTURES in thia
Institute will beg a on the first Monday in NO
VEMBER next, with an Introductory Lecture bv Ft,.*
JONES 3
G. M NEWTON. M D.. Emeritus. Prof of Anatomy
H. F. CAMPBELL M. D . Prof of Anatomy.
L A DUGAS, M. D , Prof Surgery.
JOSEPH JONES. M. D., Prut Chemistry and Phar-
macy.
I P. GARVIN. M P . Prof. Materia Madica, The -
peutiea. and Medical Jur-aprudence.
L D FORD, M. D., Prof. Institute, and Practice of
Medicines.
H V M MILLER, M D , Prof. Physiology and Pa
thological Anatomv.
J A EVE. M D . Prof. Obstetrics.
ROBERT CAMPBELL M. D, Demo rator of
Anatomy.
S. B SIMMONS. M. D , Assistant Demonstrator.
H. W D FORD, M D., Prosector to Prof. Surgery.
T. P CLEAVELAND, Curat vrof Musenui.
Tickets for the whole Course $lO5
Marticulat ion. to be taken cnee, 5
Practical Anatomy. to be taken once. 10
For father niormatioa, apply to any member of the
Facultv, or to 1- P- GAR\IN, Dean.
jyfi-twlw*wtXl
DRIED PEACHES WANTED.
rpHK ighest cash price*pa.dtorDßlKD PEACHES
8 by A. P. BEERS.
■iilH ulin Commission Merchant. Broad-st
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD
be paid for the apprehension and mflee-
W moot in any Jail in this State of our boy LA W
SON. He is bid. about 23 years old. t< t*et - :nches
high, weigh**2's IBs ; rather nlicn countenance He
was raised by Mr J. Jennings, near Athena, Ga., and for
the last year wasowne 1 And employed by Mr MtCor
wick. at the Gold Mine* in Columbia countv.
Sep.'SdAw4t HECKLE A WILsON
RAN AW AY
IfRO.M ’he subscriber, n GiilisonviUe, in the District
* of Buford, a Mulatto GIRL, about n neteen yea s
old, five feet four inches high, and very erect Twenty
five dollar* will be paid to any one that will apprehend
and place the said Girl in any Jail in this Sta e, or in
the Jails of Savannah or Augusta, Georgia.
It is supposed the Girl has free passes
D. PETERMAN.
Gfilkcoyfile, fi. C., M, 1858. o*a-wtt
. tel te L ...
tOBB (tL\TV USDS
FOR SALE.
THE scV*< rifcer ofiera for rate the following proper
.l ty. tj:, : A large and coavenitn: DWELLING
Witb outbuildings a rpleadid aroec, orchard 01 choice
‘ra A tr*-e.*s, a • ,a. and thirty-.-■ ven crea of land attached,
on the Powder Springs r ud, 5 trji.es from Marietta, anti
\ from the (ko gia M tary Institute.
Also, a PLANTATION near by , containing Six Hun
dred an i fen acres, 300 c eared ; abort one bundred and
rt ; rty acres rich Creek bottoms, seventy of which are
f leered rid 13 cultivation. <-n the place are Negro
j Cabin*. Barn*. Giu H r -e, Screw, Ac., <fcs In connec
ti'.n with lb’- above i will also scil. 12 or 34 likely NE
CK KS, si.vera* .Ml LES aud HORSES, CATTLE
Hi >GS, CORN’, FODDER, OATS. 4-• ,a e,
Terms : < >ne thir-: ca-fc, l.a’aace in one and two years,
with interest from lit January next.
R. W JOYNER,
Jybi wtf Marietta, Ga
*'* The Uolnmbrv- Enquirer and Taliahasre (Fla)
Seutir.-ei will publish the above weekly, til: forbid, and
send a paper < ■ ..talrmjr • 1 • -r rn” 10 K w. JOYNER
TEXAS LANDS 1 TEXAS LANDS!
rtf I fHUi ACU!.sm* LAND in Eastern Tex
*l* / as, heavily Timbered, and well adapt
ed to the culture of Coyon and Graiu, peases icg the
a-ivantage of pure water, good health, and convenience
to Railroads, already projected, leading to both Shreves
port and Galveston T ties clear, and wL'l be sold in
quantities to -uit purchasers.
The Lands arv; in Grayson, Polk, Trinity, Angelina
Jefferson and Smith coantics. Also, 7.100 Aces ic Me-
Clel.aud county, within five mile* of Waco, the county
s ; t". a.I of which will r>e sld low tor cash, or Negroc
w if! be taken in payment, at a cash valuation ; also, old
Planta ions will oe taken in exebangt- from pnr'-hasera.
when desired, as a matter of accommodation, at a fair
valuation.
All communications, sddre sedto me at Augusta Ga ,
op Woodviiie, Green coua.y, will receive prompt atten
tion.
Perr;nal interviews are preferred, as I Lave in my
p .s*es. ion la - .e mapr of t l e State of Texas, and ‘ trace
paper” piatu of t'.e. Lands offered—also, a full deecrip
t; n and 1 Htorv of eviry county in the State, up to the
present year, 1858. JAMES M DAVISON,
Land Agon*, Augusta, Ga.
Angn&t 11, ifcsß. diwAwtf
THE BI ST I’LOW VET IXTUODICEI)
UTLEY’S
IWdI Combined Subsoil & Turning
X*XaO“W- l
THK , b cribtr announces to the Farmers cf Rich
I mond, BurSe, Jefierson Colombia, Warren, Han
cock, Greene, Wilkes and Morgan counties. Ga., that he
has purchased the right of the above PLOW for :he*e
coir-.* !• >. and that he will be prep .red to offer samples
of the P"> in October, for examination and trial.
UTLEY ‘H PLOW is a Southern invention, and those
who a. preciate the value es deep plowing and ea-?y
draft cannot tail to be pleased w.tb it 1 put it forth
entirely on its otprn merits, and consider no Plow Hold
unles is >iven the purchaser full satisfaction. For coun
ty or individual rights in llio above c unties, address
D. REDMOND,
•*pl9-tw#w Augu ta. Gforaria.
TALLADEGA LAND FOR SALE.
I OFFER for sale acres of LAND in Ta ladega
couuty, Ala , 21 miles from Oxford, on the road lead
ing from Taliadega to Boiling Spring*; 250 acres cleared
and iu cultivation. The tract fronts Chockoloc ko creek
f.,r onemiie; contains .'.7oacres prime bottom land, which
will yieldß to 12barrel r.-heat, and
12 to 1500 Iti 8, cotton p*r aero. Tbo upland, mostly
oak and hickory, will yield half these quantities. The
location is healthy; range for stock ot all kinds, prime ;
community, moral, social and intelligent; schools and
ct urchoa, good and convenient. The cars on the Ala
bama and T.nne h c Radroad run in 30 miles of the
piaeo, and ltaiir ad is grade and 30 miles beyond, and runs
within iwo miles ; so that the crop of ‘59 or ’GO may be
.-.hipped from Oxford, only 2£ miles off.
In salubrity of climate, fertility of soil, accessibility
to market, intelligence and moraluy of the community,
few places are superior to this.
For particulars, apply to the undersigned at Silver
Run. Talladega county. Aia.
J>l4w3m R. G JINKINH, Agent.
TENNESSEE COAL.
II E Agent of t ie AXn a Mining Company of Tennes
1 cc, i, now veceiviu r a foil supply >t this superior
GOAL tor the ensuing Winter, aud is ready to fill ord* rs.
This articlo has been now ho well tested for two seasons,
an ! has given such general satisfaction, that the Agent
deems it unmcca.iary to say anythin ; in recninmciitla-
Mr-u*. Salisbury JL C -. have >n hand Grates and
Stoves peculiarly adapted (•’ this Goal, by which it can
le-burned with great economy, and Housekeepers wili
find it to tin ir inter • t to give it a trial.
Families can be snpp.icd with clean lump COAL, free
from dust
Fine COAL, for Blacks Ith’s use,constantly on hand,
at a reduced price by the quantity.
)rd rs can be 1* ft at. t o* office of the Agent, Broad
sircet, nppo>ito the U. S. Hotel.
.. wti F. C. BARBER, Agent.
IIMEit & WRIEIIT,
WHOLESALE GROCERS,
STREET.
i \FFK!t l-'OII SAI.E
----* I V 0 bait sGnnuyULGTIIi
-ICO coils Hemp lU)PH;
100 bh!s. Crushed, Granulated and Stuart’s Clari
fied SUGARS;
it) bbl;\ Stuart’s S H SYRUP;
40 NO. D’>:
40 Hhds. Cuba MOLASSES .
If. Hhds. Prime P R. SUGAR;
15 Ilhd*. Good Cuba IK).
300 Bags ltio, Laguayra and Java COFFEE;
3,0( 0 Racks SALT;
500 Kegs, NAILS, a*.;ort<d ;
100 Boxes TOBACCO;
200 Box. s Star, Adamantine and Sperm CAN
DLES ;
70 Boxes Family ana rt~ 1 SOAP:
20 Chests Hyson and lLack TEA ;
50,000 Spanish and Gorman CIGARS ;
Rifle and Blasting POWDER, SHO TANARUS, LEAD, SPICE.
PKPPEK, GINGER. SODA SNUFF, Cedar aud Paint
ed BUCKETS, MEASURES, BROOMS, TV unease
BACON. Ac., A c.
Augusta, July ‘Jt'th, 1858. Jy2B d&w
FOR SALE,
{ rv SHAKES in the (1 RAN ITEVILLE MANIJ
4-’ / FACTORING COMPANY, of Five Hundred
Dollars ea *h. For terms, apply to the :u > < nber, at
Grahamville, S. C. FRANCIS W. FICKLING,
Executor of B. Mcßride
Oct2.wtf or E. TWEEDY, Augusta, Go,
JACOB’S CORDIAL.
EVERYBODY
EVERYBODY
EVERYBODY
EVERYBODY
EVERYBODY
EVERYBODY
EVERYBODY
EVERYBODY
EVERYBODY
SHOULD HAVE JACOBS CORDIAL
SHOULD HAVE JACOB’S CORDIAL
.SHOULD HAVE JACOB’S CORDIAL
SHOULD HAVE J \COB’S CORDIAL
SHOULD HAVE JACOB'S CORDIAL
SHOULD HAVE JACOB’S CORDIAL
SHOULD HAVE JACOB'S CORDIAL
SHOULD HAVE JACOB’S CORDIAL
SHOULD HAVE JACOB’S CORDIAL
SHOULD HAVE JACOB’S CORDIAL
IN THE HOUSE,
IN THE HOUSE,
IN THE HOUSE,
IN THE HOUSE,
IN THE HOUS ,
IN THE HOU>E,
IN THE HOUSE,
IN THE HOUSE,
IN THE HOUSE,
READY FOR USE.
READY FOR USE.
READY FOR USE.
READY FOR USE.
READY FOR USB.
READY FOR USB.
ready for Use.
READY FOR USE.
READY FOR USE.
READY FOR USE
IN DYSENTERY AND DIARRHEA
IN DYSENTERY AND DIARRHEA
IN DYSENTERY AND DIARRHEA
iN DYSENTERY AND DIARRHEA
IN DYSENTERY AND DIARRHEA
IN DY'SKNVERY AND DIARRHEA
IN DYSENniRY AND DIARRHEA
IN DY SENTE UY AND HI A RUM E A
IN DYSENTERY AND DIARRHEA
IN DYSi NTERY AND DIARRHEA
IT NEVER FAILS.
IT NEVER FAILS.
I NEVER FAILS.
IT NEVER FAILS.
IT NEVER FAILS.
1 r NEVER F ULS.
IT NEVER FAILS.
IT NEVER FAILS.
IT NEVER FAILS.
IT NEVER FAILS
HA'JiLAKD, CHICHESTER £ CO.,
Wholesale Druggists, Augusta, Ga
wD23-dtw& w 1 ra
Boerhave's Holland Bitter3 ‘
Boerhave's Holland Bitters!
Boerhave's Holland Bitters !
Boerhave’s Holland Bitters l
Boerhave's Holland Bitters!
Boerhave's Holland Bitters!
Boerhave's Holland Bitters!
THE CELEBRATED HOLLAND REMEDY FO
DYSPEPSIA,
DISEASE OF THE KIDNEYS,
LIVER COMPLAINT,
WEAKNESS OF ANY KIND,
FEVER AND AGUE,
And the various affections consequent upon disordered
STOMACH OK LIVES,
Snchaslndifres'ion. Acidity of the Stomach. Colicky
Pains, Heartburn, Loss of Appetite. Despondency, Cos
tiveness. Blind at and Bleeding P lei In all Kentons,
Rheumatic, and Neuralgic Affections, it has in numerous
instances proved highly beneficial. and in others effect
ed a decided cure.
This is a purely Testable componna. prepared on
strictly scientific principles, after he manner of the
celebrated Holland Protessor, Hoe have, Becanse of
its (treat success in most of the European States, Us in
troduction into the United Slates was intend, and more
csreciaiiy for those of our fatherland scattered here and
there over the face of this mighty ceiuitry. Meeting
w-h great success among them. I row offer it to the
American public, knowing that its truly wonderful me
dicinal virtues must be acknowledged-
It is particular;y ret-onimen ;ed to those persons whose
eouat’tation- may have been impaired by the continu
ous n*e of ardent spirits, or oth,r forma of dissipation.
Generally tastantane'os in effect, it and. ns way di
rect lyto tb** sear of life, thrilling and quickening every
nerve raising up the drooping spirit, and, in fact, infasin
new health and vigor in the system. .
NOTICF. — expects to find th.s a beverage
will be disappointed ; but to the sick, wea* and low
spirited.il wi'il prove a grateful aromatic cordial, pos
sessed of singular remedial properties.
CAUTION!
The great popularity of this deiightfn. Aroma has in
duced many imitations which the public should guaro
agams: purchasing. ’ Be not persuade.! to buy anything
ei.e until yon Lave given Boerhave's Holland Bitters a
fair trial. One bottle w ill convince yon bow infinitely
supper to aiUhese naiutiona.
py-so.d a. 31 per botue, or it bottles for $5. by the
Sole Proprietors. BENJAMIN PAGE. JR- A CO,
Manufacturing Ptarmacea-^ u and Chemists, Pittsburg
Penn.
Sold in Angnsta by
or A i'u I o ANI L < ?, f I ,CHF - STr ' R A CO.,
PLI MB 5a LEITXun
WILLIAM H. TUTT,
xn-I Drogv-Uts generally throughout the Suite.
Jyl3 ’56-4ffwly
SALVE vs. LINIMENTS.
DR. CAVANAUGH’S
GREEN SALVE.
AS a universal FAMILY REMEDY, exceed*, in it*
curative action, any article ever offered to the at
tention of the afflicted.
Gentlemen in all professions, and every rank of l;fa,
attest to its merits.
MARK ITS EFFECTS AND TEST THEM.
It will take the fire oat of a BURN or SCALD, in a
few minute*, and heal the wound WITHOUT A SCAR.
I#” certificate* in hands of Agents,
price 50 cent* and 25 cents per box. For sale by all
Druggist* and dealers. T. H CAVANAUGH*
Proprietor, St Louis, Mo.
Agents-PLUMB k LEITNER. CLARK. WELLS
k SPEARS. HAVILAND, CHI CHESTER k CO.,
W. H. TUTT, B. F. PALMER. Augusta, Ga.; A. A.
ALEXANDER and Dr SMITH, Atliurta, Ga., and
C. W * H. R. J. LONG, Athens, Ga.
apS3’sß-dAwly
C|nraitk ft Sentinel.
Vorrttpmiencr. of the Baltimore Amoncan.
Eceli.ii Agriculture.
Losdon, Kept. IS, 1868.
Messrs. Dosais & Fultoh A f zw days ago
I made an excursion, with eotne American genHe
men, to the m.t intc-res i ,- .g *ourtry-seat of the lib
eral and publir* spirited English c untry gentleman,
John Bennett .near Harpenu.-n, twenty
::h-e from L nden and a tew miles beyond the an
(i inl and moat interesting c ity of Si. Albans, (eele
brated for its magnificent Abbey, nearly the larger
nod mojt beautiful of the churcuen of England) ami
entering the park of Eothamstead. we soon discov
ered that we wer-8 visiting an oid-fashioned but
mos‘ beautiful and well tnainluined country seat of
<; wealthy landed proprietor. Driving through the
park, which abounds with large Elina, Oak, Ash,
Lime, Beech, Birch, Acacia, Piaue ar.d other beau
tifu! trees, and seeing numerous sheep aDd cattle
‘vuich, in my opinion, ornamented the park far more
than useless deer, which I am eorry to say. too of
ten encumber the parks of the gentry of Eugiaud,
we arrived at the venerable Hall, an ancient man
sion of about 350 years old, which, on examining
we found to contain every thing that wealth and
uxury could make conducive to the comforts of its
residents. We found the walls of its drawing
room, &c., decorated with the landscapes aud other
pictures ot its tasteful mistress, and its ball was or
uamented with the spoils of the chase of its excel
lent master; but, leaving the house and walking
over the soft Turkey carpet-like lawn, admiring the
tlower-bedj, shrubbery and beautiful grounds, we
enu red nu ave ue of old Lame trees, under whose
ociighifully odorous boughs, we took a refreshing
lunch, and then proceeding under the guidance of
our scientific and courteouahosts, Dr. Gilbert (Doc
tor of Pnilortophy aud Fellow of the Chemical So
ciety) and Dr. Evan Pugh, of Westchester, Pa , we
examined the experimental farm which is so cele
brated, not only in these Island-, but Unoughyut
the Continent also, for developing agricultural hn
pr<vem‘iut. At this place Mr. Luwes owns about
1,830 acres of land, in *. giidou to borne estates in
Scotland, of which 1,6-50 acres are employed as ara
ole land, and for farming purposes, and 100 acres
are purely what is called the park, and devoted to
gras and the pleasure grounds only. Tue remainder,
i>r 70 acres, are used for scientific agricultural ex
periments ‘or ascertaining what are the laws of
vegetable growth and nutrition, in order to fully un
b rstand bow to raise a maximum crop at a mini
mum expense.
What we first examined was under a glass roof
and protected from the wind at the side? by a screen,
a number of plants, including the most commonly
cultivatedc-real and leguminous and loot crcps.
growing in tin vessels, with 40 lbs. of soil each, aud
the pi.ut issuing at top through a small hole in a
glass plate, which is soldered on to the top so as to
prevent any evaporation from the soil, except that
which goes <ff through tbo leaves of the plant. The
rot is weighed when the seed is planted, as so also
-s all the water added during its growth, at the ter
mination of which, the crop is dried and weighed,
and the amount of dried matter iu it compared with
the amount of water evaporated from the ‘.eaves.—
It - is found that for every part cf dry matter freed,
-st) parts of water pass through the leaves, or for
• wry tou of wheat or grass produced upon a field,
250 tons of water must have been evaporated fro n
the vegetable matter producing it. Or for a field
of grass producing 3 tons per acre, 750 tons (about
500 barrels) ot water must have passed off from
every acre. T his points to the cause of the good ef
fect of rain, and the damage of drought—showing
the dependence of the :armer upon the seasons.
We next examined the effect of different manures
upon grass; If iota, of one-half an acre each, have
been under experimentation for the lat 4 years.—
The result shows the natural produce of the ground
(which has not been ploughed or sowed for the last
200 years, and which has only natural grasses upon
it) is for this year, per acre. lton,2cwt., ‘2O lbs.—
This is not increased by ‘2,000 lbs of sawdust just
beside it on another plat. But 14 tons of barn-yard
manure per acre produced *2 tons, 7 cwt, ‘2 qrs Bye
gras!, soft broom grass, B nt grass were particular
)y developed, while worthless grasses, as Quaking
grass. Dogstail grass and several weed3, (Piaiutain
•fee ,) were either entirely lost or much diminished
in quantity. An addition of 2,000 lbs. of sawdust
produced no effect on the manured plat. An audi
tion of 400 lbs. of salts of ammonia (the sulphate
and muriate of ammonia) per acre gives 1 ton, 15
cwt.. 2 qrs. 6 lbs. And mineral salts (sulphates of
iiotanli 300 lbs , ot soda 200 lbs , of magnesia 100
lbs., and 200 lbs., of boneaah, with 150 lbs. of feul
pliurie acid) give 1 ton, 16 cwt, I qr., 22 lbs. Saw
dust lias no effect on either of the latter, but the
latter, on addition of 400 lbs. of ammonia salts
gives 3 tons, 4 cwt., 0 qrs., 4 lbs. The addition of
son lbs. of ammonia salts gives 3 tons, 7 cwt., 0 qrs ,
4 lbs. Other results are equally striking, but the
most remakable fact is the change produced in the
quality of the grass by these manurial substances.
The sawdust has no effect whatever, either upon the
quantity or quality of the grass. Alt the substances
which give much increase, tend to keep down the
weeds. The mineral salts, the sulphates, with phos
phates, tend largely to develop the leguminious
plants; clover, lotus, lucerne, &c., were here devel
oped in a marked degree. The large increase of
ammonia, whether with or without minerals, sho wed
the development of large quantities of the heavier
and coarser grasses, as Dactylus glomerata, aud
Broinus mollis. These experiments, when carried
out with great care and exactness for a series of
years, will supply a rich store of information as to
the value of different manurial substances for the
promotion of differ nt kinds of grasses. Not only
are the statistics with regard to crops and manures
kept, but small plats are selected in each plat, and
in those ea* h kind of grass is planted and ihe
.-.mount weighed, ho that the exact relation between
Hie I eveial qunntit’wio produced may bo recorded.
Experimental Wheat Field. —There are 40
plats, each containing three-tenths of au acre, on
which wheat has been grown continuously under
different circumstances for the last fifteen years. It
would be impossible here to enter into the details of
these experiments. Several elaborate papers have
clready appeared in the journal of the royal Agri
. ultural Society ot England, in which the statistics
Imre obtained are given, and from which, conclu
sions have been drawn that have elicited much dis
cuEsiou, both in England and Germany. It, is found
that or. this coil, which is a rather heavy clay inter
spersed with chalk flints, the continuous yield with
out manure is about 18 bushels per acre. The
addition of ammonia salts without minerals for 15
years, has at, iat so far exhausted the mineral con
utituents in the soil, that the produce by such salts
now is not as great as formerly, yet it now- gives 30
bushels per acre. The addition of mineral salts,
( ulphate of potash 300 lbs., of soda 200 lbs., of mag
ns i'a 100 Iti-*, and bone ash 200 tbs., with sulphuric
acid 150 lbs.) scarcely raises the unmanured plat
above its nominal amount (20 to 24 bushels per acre
being thus obtained.) But other plats showing the
eff et of different quantities of ammonia with these
minerals are moot marked. The addition of 200
15s of ammoniacal alte per acre with these mineral
salts gives for 1857 (this year 1858 results being not
yet ready) 35 bushels per acre; 400 lbs. of ammoniacal
iJalts with minerals 47 bushels per acre; 600 lbs. ot
ammoniacal ealts with minerals 50 bushels per acre,
but this large quantity is liab'e to fall down, ow ng
to the great development of straw. The great pwint
claimed for these experiments is, that they show
that the atmospheric sources of nitrogen (or ammo
nia) are not “amply sufficient for the purpose of
agriculture” as has been contended by some.—
They also point out the great value of the highly
nitreeremsed manures, or the Peruvian guanos,
&e, &c.
Experimental Barley Field.— There are also
twenty-four plats of one-sixth of an acre each
These have been going on for seven years upon the
same land. They also show results corresponding
lo thene jut noticed. Unmanured plats about half
a crop, (29 bushels-,) with 14 tons of barn yard ma
nure a good crop, 51 bushels per acre ; mineral
manures (sulphate of soda, potash and magnesia,)
about haif a crop, (32 bushel?;) super phosphate of
lime, a little more, (33 bushels ;) (super phosphate
of lime and sulphatceoteoda, potash and magnesia,)
yet more, (39 bushels ;) nitrate of soda (Chili salt
petre,) gives 47 bushels; ammonia salts, about a
like quantity, and a mixture of all the minerals
(alkali sand phosphates ) and ammonia salt, gives
57 bushels per acre Which latter number, points
to what purely artificial manures are capable of
doing. The crop is about double ; “two straws
are made to grow where but one grew before.” It
also points to the fact that the crop is not produced
by any one substance, that no quack nostrum or
stimulants can be put upon land by which it wiilbe
made to produce without all these various con
stituent* applied to get this 57 bushels of barley per
acre. If auv one of these substances produces au
effect it is because the other substances already
exi-t in the soil, ready to act in concert with it. The
experiments show that nitrogen and phosphoric
acid are most generally deficient in soils; and hence
the adaition of these substances produces great re
sults ; not that they alone do it, but because they
were the only substances faling in the soil, and
without them nothing can be produced. They are
but *wo licks in tiie middle of a chain, without
which the chain has no strength, but they are. not
the whole shain as a superficial observer might be
lei to suppose.
fi:h. Other experiments were made with beans
and turnips, but they are omitted for the present.
7th. We next go to the Laboratory. Here is a fine
building erected by the farmers of England, at au
expense of upwards of 7,600 dollars, and presented
Mr. Lawes as a testimonial of his liberality and of
his great services in Agricultural Chemistry. It. is
admirably fitted up with sand baths, water baths,
mufite furnaces, &<.*., &.e., drying rooms, &.C. fcc.,
for all the various operations of drying, analysing,
Ate., &.C., of the products of the experiinental fieids.
The different grains and root crops are dried, tee
amount of ash determined, and put away for analy
sis The elaborate system of sheves and cupboards
are full of grain and straw ready for further inves
t.gation. An extensive collection of preparations
ot the different parts of animals including the fat,
the flash, the bones, the tendoms. &c., Arc., of all
the different organs of the animal body. These had
been used in an extensive investigation involving
the slaughtering and careful cutting up and weigh
ing of some buudred head cf cattle, hogs and sheep,
by which when taken into connection with the
statistics of food eaten by them, the relati\ e value
f the different kinds of tod to produce fat, flesh,
Jt e., A, \. would be aficen-uiued.
8 h. Dr. Evan Pugh's own experiments.
Explanation.—“No non eubstance
can form an element of nutrition.’' —Baron Liebeg.
Animals can't live without nitrogenous foods.—
Animals must live on vegetables, hence vegetables
must be nitrogenous. They must tret their nitrogeL
from the air, or soil, or from both. They must get it in
the form of pure nxttogen gas, ot which air contains
78 per cent, or they must get it from compounds of
nilrogen, of which the most common are nitric acid
and ammonia. Prom wh all of all these sources (air
or earth, the pure nitrogen gas, the ammonia, or the
nitric acid) do plants get their nitrogen ? Ttie im
portance of this question is heightened by the high
price of nitrogenous manures If plants can get ni
trogen from the iuexhauatab e resources of the free
nitrogen gas of the air, why not seek to find the cir
cumstances under which it is obtained, and avoid
paying for saltpetre, guano and otter nitrogenous
manures f It must d~st be decided whether plauts
are capable of assimilating tho Iree nitrogen at ail
To do this, our countryman, Dr. Pugh, came to
Rothametead.
Tae plants experimented upon must be grown in
a soil and an atmosphere, free irorn nitrogenous
compounds, must be evolved w th water containing
no such compound, and then the plant so grow n ana
lysed, to see if it contain any more nitrogen than the
seed contained. To free the soil from nitrogen, it
wa9 heated red bot for several hours iu an iron
muffle, and tfa-n washed with pure water for seve
rai davs, and final!v ignited simultaneously with
neat, and the asn of the piant to be grown u it The
red bot soil and the red hot ash were then bronchi
into the red hot pot, and well tD.xed aud allowed to
cool under a laree glass vessel set tn sulphuric acm
so that no ammonia ot the air could petto the smh
Once cooled down, pure water was added, and the
seeds of known weight and per m.ropen
were planted, and the whole removed to large gUs
shades, three feet high and ten
These shades rested in grooves filled with mercury
at the bottom, so that all communication with the
external air was cut off. By the aid of bent
tubes going down into the pfoove through the quick
silver under the glass shade and rising in the inside
of the vessel, water and air free from ammonia
were supplied to the plant. Bv a complicated sys
tem of bottles partly filled with sulphuric acid, and
tubes of pumice wet with thia acid, the air supplied
was purified from ammonia, aud by passing a stream
of water from a cistern into a close vessel, from
which the air only oould pass out through a tube
leading into those bottles, a constant stream of am
mouiated-free air is passed to the plant. In this
way 18 different vessels are arranged, in which
wheat, barley, oats, beans, peas, clover, tobacco
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 20, 1858.
are grown, some with no emmonia, others with mea
sured quantities, to see if a gain takes place bv,
&*eimUation of nitrogen from the air. Tee plants
to which no nitrogen was given, and which con
rained no more than that contained in the eeed
were only a lew inches high ; those to which com
bined nitrogen (sulphate of ammonia) had been
given, were sto 10 t.raes as high; thu3 showing
that the plant could not grow without the aid of
combined nitrogen—iu ether Words, that tha nitro
gen of air cannot be assimilated. But before this
point can be settled with accuracy, the whole crop,
the whole soil aud ’he pot must be analysed to see
if the entire nitrogen thus found agrees with that in
the seed, plus what was added. This will take
much work yet.
Other points are the gas found ia plants. By a
simple piece of apparatus the work of getting the
gas out of a plant is reduced to that of a few
minutes. Quicksilver is made to run out of a va
cuum, and ibis is brought iu communication wi h
a vessel filied with water, (that has been boiled to
tree it from air) in which the plant is placed. The
air rushes out into the vacuum with great rapidity,
and in ten minutes can be collected. This I saw’
done. The gas has then analysed and shown to
consist of carbonic acid, and oxygen in
very different proportions rein what ie given in the
books upon this subject. This method will be very
useful for all casest>f getting gases from plants,
from flu ds, or from a iuial secretions and excre
tions. Dr. Pugh has already made some hundred
analyses of the gas from plants, and hopes to fallow
up the investigations when he returns to America.
On our way to the |Laboratnry we saw an exten
sive held, which the liberal proprietor of Roibam
stead has set aside for allotments of three-fourths
of an acre to one and a quarter ac r es each for each
family of his work people who cultivate their vegeta
bles during the intervals of labor, aud in this way
are prevented from going to the beer houses—the
bane of the working closes of England. Mr. Lawes
ha3, most munificently, also built a very tasteful
and convenient club-house, which is v/ell warmed
and lighted and abcunds in hooka, papers, &c.,
and where a very sensible and pious clergyman
preaches on Sunday evening*, ao as not to interfere
w ith the Church of England seiv : c,-s during the
day. This estabiishment also etters a power:ul
rivalry to the beer-h use, and gives an additional
motive lor the grateful feelings of the people of
Ilarpenden towards their benevolent and public
spirited L"rd of the Manor, Mr Lawes.
The plain farmer of America may enquire of
what good are all elaborate experim-uta ?
What is the uu of this science, and this extended
investigation inio the growth of the products of the
earth? A great many discoveries of an important
practical kind, have been made, a series of experi
ments both on the growth of the moat important
crops, and the feeling of animals lor thß production
of meat and manure, has been gone through. Ai
to the first of these questions, the course adopted
was to grow by different chemical manures some of
the most important crops year afor year on the
same land—for example, the cereals, the legumi
nous crops and the root crops, aud at the same time,
to grow experimentally the same crops one after
the other, in the order iu which they would follow
each other ia rotation. In like manner vast series
of experiments had been made on the connection
between the amount o.‘ food consumed by fattening
of animals, aud the increases aud manure which
yielded for that food, and many of the results
have been published in the journals ot the Royal
Agricultural Society, and in pamphlets and publi
cations which have been followed by great benefit
to the community. Too practical result is, that
this and o'her old farms iu this country, that have
been uuder constant cult va ion for upwards of
1,000 years, produce irom 18 to 58 bushels of wheat
per acre, whilst the farms of New York and Penn
sylvania, which have been uuder culture for only
50 or 60 or 75 or 100 years, are constantly diminish
ing iu produce, aud our fellow-townsman, Henry
Carey, m his moat interesting letters to President
Buchanan, published this year, (1858) says that 12
and 14 bushels of whe? t are now produced, where
formerly 25, 23 aud 30 bushels were grown. So of
barley, of Indian corn, of tobacco, of cotton and
other articles, whether they be products of the
North or the South, or the Easier the West. This
retrograde movement iu our agriculture must Oe
checked , and i am happy to say that our feliow-
Stateaman, the scientific, energetic, peraerving
and most zealoua and successful analytic and ckem
iil agriculturist, Dr. Pugh, ot Cheater county,
Pennsylvania, is the very person to teach our far
mers how to recover the ground they have lost,
and to make (:r fields iu Montgomery, Berks,
Latieaster, Cheater, Delaware, Ate , &e., in Penn
sylvania and all over the United States, produce
as good crops aa are common in Norfolk, Berks,
Hertfordshire, See , iu Euglaod, which have
iu constant cultivation since the time of the
Romans.
I am glad to say Dr. Pugh is soon to return home.
He has been attending the Universities and Agri
, cultural Colleges of the Continent for some time,
and also has made moat diligent inquiry info the
best tanning practices of the Continent. He has
been at Ilarpenden for two years, and in connec
tion with the learned, scientific aud experienced
Dr. Gilbert, who is the chief if the Laboratory, aud
of the scientific staff for carrying out the magnifi
cent experiments of the liberal and enlightened Mr.
Lawes, who has been spending for the last fifteen
years an average of jC 1,500 per annum purely in
scientific and economical investigations. Dr. Pugh
has profited much by the opportunities he has had
at Ilarpenden, and I hope when lie returns home
he will be induced to establish an Agricultural Col
lege, to teach all the sciences and all the practice
that are required by our rural population, to enable
them, not only to prevent a further decline in agri
culture, but by the application of suit able manures
and the proper treatment of the <and, to restore the
fertility of the soil, so that we may again have, not
only 25 to 30 bushels ot wheat per acre, but have
this product advanced to 50 or 55 bushels, which is
by no means uncommon in many of the counties cf
this old and long cultivated country, aud if it had
been ticatcd on badly a Virginia has hean. would
now be a worn out and exhausted and miserable
country, with its 4 or 5 bushels of wheat ouiy to the
acre.
Dr. Pugh has been remarkably fortunate in mak
ing the acquaintance ot such gentlemen as Mr
Lawes and Dr. Giibert, who iu the development of
agricultural improvement, have been of inestimable
value to this country, and I may add, to Europe.
Mr. Lawes being a man of great public spirit and
of most enlightened mind, and being blessed with a
very large fortune, (say $50,000 per annum,) has,
with a xenl aud patriotism beyond praise, devoted
at least $7,5011 per annum, for the last fifteen years,
to the improvement of agriculture, and Dr. Gilbert,
with all the science that could be procured from tne
best education, from Baron Liebig, and other
eminent chemical agriculturists, aud from other
sources, which his investigating spirit ha-i found out,
and is every way qualified to assist our enterprising
countryman in his investigations, aud he lias
accordingly taken advantage of the ample resources
furnished by the liberal minded Mr Lawes and the
devoted (to scientific investigation) Dr. Gilbert, to
make experiments, which he has not yet given to
the world, but which I hope, when made known to
our countrymen, will incite to an improvement of
agriculture, which will be of inestimable benefit to
our country. Dr. Pugh returns soon to Pennsylva
nia. I hope his success will be as complete tis hi3
great merit entlitles him to.
I am, very respectfully, yours,
Gerard Ralston.
Present Condition of Sebastopol.
A trustworthy correspondent, inn letter dated
Constantinople, August JO, thus describes the pre
sent state ot Sebastopol, regarding which so many
contradictory accounts have lately appeared:
“We have accomplished an excursion to the
Crimea, and were much gratified with it. Sabas
topol was our headquarters fora week, so we had
plenty of time fu'.ly to examine the various places
of inleiest in connection wi'h the war. Uverything
at present, remains in very much tho same state as
at the conclusion of the war. The town, which has
been a very tine one, is now but a scene of ruin
arid desnlstii n. The present population (reduced
from 40,000 to 0.00(1.) mostly live in the wooden
huts left by the British and French armies; some
few atone houses have been rebuilt, but very tew,
and o’ a very common sort. The magnificent
docks remain in the etate of total ruin, to wl ich
they were reduced during the occupation of the
town by the allies, and heaps of stones are the only
indicationa ol the positions of tho forts on the south
side ot the harbor. But on the north side the forts
are in as efficient state as ever, it being perfectly
ludicrous to observe how little damage they re
ceived fro n the bombardment given them. Ths
trenches, batteries, and other earthworks remain as
they were during the war, with merely the slight
alterations caused by wind and weather, aud, even
at this dislanee of time cannon balls, shots, powder
cans, broken pieces of shells, Ate , are found lying
on the ground (especially iu the neighborbojdof
the batteries) in such quantities as to keep men at
work collecting them for their value as old iron,
aud taking them away by cart-loads.
Even whole unexploded shells are yet occasional
ly to be met wi h We fell in with oue on the day
of our a-rivai; but they are Dot very pleasant things
to meddle with, as they at ti nes explode with no
very apparent good reason; and an unfortunate
English sailor was blown all to pieces a few months
ago by an accident of this sort, i remember seeing
some months ago in the Times some statement to
the effect that the graves in the Crimea were not
taken proper care of, but I must say I came to
oui e a different conclusion. I visited most cl the
English cemeteries at Balaklava, Inkerman and
the Alma, as well as those nearer Sebastopol, and
with one exception did not see a single monument
injured or defaced. The one and only exception is
in the case of the obelUk erected by tbe li; i.ish
army in front of the ItedaD, which is mutilated by
divers visitors having cut their names iu the stone,
aud the inscription on it is also partly defaced, very
probably, 1 think, la some drunken frolio.
During oar short residence among the Russians
we found them all. whether rich or poor most civil
and desirous of obliging us, and apparently bear
ing us no ili will on account of our country. Iu the
harbor of Sebastopol they are very busily employed
under the direction of an American, in working with
the sunken ships. Tuey have relinquished all hopes
of getting up the large men-of-war entire and are
now blowing them up, and so getting them up
piecemeal; but with some of the smaller craft they
are more snci-essful, and we saw one small steamer
that had been just raised when we were there. It
certainly looked a queer affair; but they said the
wood was sound, aud that a few repairs would
make tbe engines ail right. The steamer that took
us from Constantinople to Odessa, on our way to
the Crimea, had been submerged for about a year
and according to tbe captain (whose statement I
receive with doubt) flie engines recommenced
working without any repairs being required.”—
Scotsman.
First Trofht of ths Revolution.— Theodore
Park“r. of Boston, has in his possession what may
be called the first trophy of tbe Rivolut.uu. His
grandfather, Capt. Jotn Parker, of Lexington, com
manded the militia company which was assemb ed
on the Lexington green, on the morning of the 19th
of April, 1775, when the British soldiers marched in
to the village on their way to burn the military
sto-ee st Concord. The British fired at Captain
Parker s men tiret, End after eight were kided, Cap
tain Parker ordered his men to disperse. The Bri
tish soldiers then ate their breakfast, and proceeded
to Concord. One of their men was too crunk to
march with them, and after their departure was ta
ken prisoner by Capt. Parker, who tov*k possession
of his musket and accoutrements. That musket,
the first tropbv of the Revolution, is now ih posses
sion of Rev. ’ Theodore Parker, the grandson of
Capt John Parker. It was manufactured by Grice
of London in 1762, for the 43d Royal Regiment.—
Hartford Courant.
Pork. —A Chemical View of it. —Dr. Wien.lend,
of Cambridge, just before he sailed in the Vander
bilt. on a visit to his native country, Wuitemburg,
left a pamphlet in which he has undertaken an ex
pose of the terrible dangers which attend the use of
pork as a diet. Tbe note of warning, indeed, has
often been raised, and still thousands of p ounds of
measly pork are eaten week.y. The immense quan
tity of pork, most foully fed, which is received from
the West is especially subject to measles or tape
worm ; and the allied troop- in the Crimea suffered
greatly, in consequence of tbe article which was
supplied to them. The measles in pork are “noth
ing but the larvae of the common Tuenia soliam,’
which, when taken into the human etomaeh, de
veiope into the full grown tape-worm, and reach
sometimes a length of twenty feet. As these tartan
seldom lose vitality in the cooking of pork, they are
eaten unconsciously in large quantities. Bntcherß,
says Dr. Weinland, sell measly pork with fall cog
nizance of its condition, and should be restrained
from doing so by legal enactments.
E. D. Morgan is the first New York merchant
that ever was nominated for Governor of the Em
pire State. He is a native es Waekingtoa, Berk
shire county, Maes.
* laropean Items.
The Con fess idr al in the English Church. —
Tne Rev. John Macnaught, incumbent of St.
Chrysostom’s Chtsch. Everton. in a letter on “The
Confessional iu tie English Church,” expresses a
hope that we in* .*oon learn whether the Arch
bishop of Canterbury aud the Bishops ot London
and Roek-ster, wh have taken measures against a
curate who has bote accused of improperly using
toe confessional, sere determined to oppose the
entiru system ot fla confessional, or whether their
disapprobation only to the c or
a protracted and suggestive cross-q uestioning with
reference to thesev&iU commandment. He con
3tdera this is a point on which i* is most necessary
that the fathers an<tmiher? of L ighted should be
mtermed, lor ir is qiesticuo principle yea, it i£
a qaeetioQ of liie or dt&ih to E-igUnd, for on the
cay wo encourage li.- iresence of priests amongst
us woo are to be in judges in God s stead,
we . rhall inaugurate tie work that will run the
national church, or undermine aionce ihe nation's
liberty and the neoole’spuritv.
“I h.inu il.o .1. I r TJV. .
“I hope (he sayß) the men and women of Eng
land will not be satisfie*, with merely assailing one
or two curates who have offended in the matter of
the confessional. If individuals are to be dealt
with in the name of simple justice let the first oi
those individuals bo the ringleaders aud ecclesiaeti
cil grandees who havet>r 20 years and more been
advocating and employing the “silent” practice of
the confessional. Lit Dr. Pusey, Mr. Richards,
Mr. Greeley, aud suchroverend confessors bo made
a beacon ter the less experienced and the less
hardened; but let not poor curates, like Mess s.
Poole and Weal;, besecrifioed as scapegoats for the
rest. For my own pin, I feei that we and our
bishops have so long diflied with, .or been ignorant,
ot the frightful evil tfckt was being hatched amongst
us that we ought now :o terminate the mischief by
some national action \thioh would neither assail nor
hurt any individual We ought, in my humble
opinion, to cut off all txc*U3e for any continuance of
the confessional. Wo ought thus to warn the c!er
gy against any prolonged effect to renew what is
Laie.ul to us. Then, if, after such warning, the
loI;y and the iniquity of the confeßsi nal be still per
sisted tin by any priest, let ths Jaws—existing statu
tes, >1 these suffice; new enactments, if they be
necessary—be so applied that no man who acts the
part of a confessor shall be allowed to retain the
position of an ia;lish clergymau
Mr. Macnaugut concludes by suggesting the pre
servation or a petition to the Q.ieeu and both
Houses of Parliament, showing that those who aro
attempting to introduce the objectionable practice
ot the confessional into the Church of England
1 lead, with a certain plausible show of reason, that
the “power of absolution” entrusted to them at
iheir ordination implies, as its necessary antecedent,
the use of private concession, and, moreover, that
an apparent sanction of eacredotai absolution and
ot preliminary confession is contained in certain
passages oi the Book of Common Piayer, and pray
ing that the passages alluded to may be altogether
expunged from toe Book of Common Prayer, and,
it need be, that other plain and unobjectionable
phrases may be substituted for them. As further
indicating the feeling which is being aroused against
the confessional, it muy bo mentioned that the toast
ot *• Tne Bishop and Clergy of the diocese” was no!
proposed as usual at the recent dinner of the Ox
iorashire and Banbury Agricultural society. It ap
pears that the omission of the toast was iu conse
quence of representations made to the committee
that a large number of the members of the society
were eo dissatisfied with the conduct of the Bishop
ot Oxford respecting the Beyne-hill confession that
ihey were determined not to drink the toast, and to
save the unpleasantness of its being received with
hissing aud clamor the committee wisely withdrew it.
Chester on Confession.—The
Bishop ot Cheater, in preaching at Chester Cathe
dral, alter an ordination held oil Sunday last, stated
his views with reference to confession : “ And now
let me udd a word (said his loidship) on another
subject, collaterally connected with the absolution
of sins—l mean the confession of sins. * I said, ;
will confess my sins uu o the Lord ; and so thou, O
Lord, forgavest :he iniquity of my t-ins.’ These aro
the words of David. This is the Scriptural doctrine
ol coniestion. Iu accordance herewith, our church,
at the very opening of both morning and evening
service3, calls upon us to join iu a general confes
sion of our sins to Almighty God, which U followed
by the general absolution ; that is to say, by a de
claration that God absolves all those that truly re-
pent, and unfeignedly believe His holy gospel. In
two passages, indeed, of our ‘Liturgy, our chur. h
recoguizes a more special confession of sin. T e
one is iu the exhortation to attendance on the holy
communion. If any one is troubled in conscience,
and afraid to come to the holy sacrameut, he is re
commended to disclose his grief to his pastor, to the
intent that, by the ministry of God is word, he m.iy
receive the benefit of absolution, and say, that he
may receive from God’s holy word the assurance
of pardon, according to the promise of mercy
vouchsafed to mankind through Christ Jesus our
Lord. The other case is that of a man lying on a
bed of sickness; when it is directed that the sick
person be moved to make a special confession of
his sins, if he feel his conscience troubled with any
weighty matter. But observe the limitation. The
directed is limited, in both instances, to eases where
the individual is disturbed in his own conscience,
and feels a burden on his mind, aud needs and
seeks counsel and comfort. Bu s , with the excep
tion of those particular and extreme cases, our
church docs not point to any special confession of
*hi to be made by the penitent to the minister ;
much less do. 8 our church warrant inquisitorial in
terrogatories to be addressed by the minister to the
penitent ; least of all, interrogatories from which
the sensitiveness of female delicacy shrinks—against
which the instinct of manly ppirit rebels.”
Mutiny and Murder on Board Ship—Penano,
July 31.—0n the 19th instant a portion of the crew
ol the American ship Golden State, lying in the har
bor, n utiuied while the captain was on shore. It is
said that a plot had been formed by a number of
them to take the ship some time before arriving
here, but tout they wore deterred from executing
it by the fear that tney would not be able to get any
one to navigate her. Oe that day the riuglsadr-r,
on the pretence of beiug diesati.-fied with the food,
stood up, declared he would not serve any longer,
and called on those who agreed with him to follow
him to the forecastle, and those who did not to go
below. He was joined by several of the men. The
second mate ordered them to go to work, and on
their refusing went for the first mate, who came
and gave the game order. A boy replied that they
would not work. The mate struck him with his
opeu hand. The boy returned the blow, and at the
same moment the mate’s feet slipped aud he fell on
the deck.
The mutineers seeing this seized handspikes,
threw themselves upon him, and struck him till his
skull Was lractured and beaten iu. They then
dragged him to the capstain, bound him to it, and
beat him again. The second mate run for his revol
ver, but three barrels missed fire ; the men rushed
on him, and he was also savagely beaten and
thrown through the skylight into the cabin. The
boatswain’s mate was also attacked and severely
hurt. The carpenter was the only man who display
ed presence of mind aud did his duty well. He first
locked the cabin where his tools were kept. He
then ran up the flag half-mast high and rung the
alarm bell, and finally seized a musket and placed
himself beside the arms, warning off the mutineers.
Meantime they had determined to throw the first
officer overboard, but the entreaties and tears of
the cook induced them to refrain, and they lowered
one of the boa!8 and pulled for the jetty. The cap
tain had seen the flag, and. hurrying down, took a
boat and pulled off. Ue met the mutineers and or
dered them to return to the ship. They cominusd
to pull for the shore and lauded at the jetty, but a
friend of the captain’s had sent for the police, and
they were all taken into custody. The first mute
died in the hospital on the night of the same day.
Crime and its Punishment in Egypt. —A letter
from Alexandr a, of the 3d, says:—A pma!l Greek
trading vessel arrived in this port about a fortnight
ago with two boys on board, who reported that on
the previous day Captain Constandi and his eon
and daughter were murdered in the most brutal
and cold-blooded manner that has been heard of in
modern times. It appears that the Eftihia left Can
dia, bound for Alexandria, having on board a gen
era! cargo ami eight persons, including the captain,
his son and daughter, two sailor boys, and three
Turks, who were paseeegers. From the evidence
of the boys, everything went on satisfactorily until
they were about fifteen miles from this place, when
the Turks ascertained from the captain the position
they were in. No ao< uer was this infoi mat ion ac
quired by them than ihey murdered the captain and
his son, violated tbe daughter, and then sho also
was doomed to toe same fate which she so lately
witnessed her father and brother suffer. The boys,
who were eye witnesses to these cruel deeds, lied
through fright to hide themselves amongst the car
go in the hold. The Turks, who had so far fiaished
rbeir inhuman work, and not taking the trouble to
search for the two boys iu order that there might be
no one left to tell the iale, thought Hint it would an
swer their purpose at well to fasten the hatcheft of
the hold, and after gathering all the valuable articles
that they could find, -et fi e to the vessel and put
off to the shore in her boat.
Lu ;kily the first fire did not do much injury, and
the boys, alter au Lour s exertion, cucceedcd in ex
tricating themselves by a trap door. In all proba
bility the murderers would have made their escape
but for the strict quarantine regulations which are
at present in force here ; and in attempting to laud
they were taken into custody by some officials who
are stationed up the coast. In the meantime tbe
vessel arrived, ind thus helped to carry out the
ends of justice. The three murderers were quickly
brought down heie, arid, without much trial or de
lay, were as quickly condemned to die. Tne scene
which folio wed ‘ook place at six o'clock on the
morning of the.-Sth of August, and although no one
can doubt its justness, it must have been as horri
ble a spectacle a* I have ever heard or read of—
The three culprits were led forth at the same time
to three of tne most public places in the town. The
first was strung up iu the market place, on a hook
at a butcher s shjp ; the second suffered a similar
t ate in front of one of the principal mosques, and
the third was hmg in the gate of the custom house,
in sight of the ships in the harbor. After hanging
for four hours, with a large placard suspended from
the neck ofeaefe, in Arabic characters, stating the
nature of their rrime, as a warning to others to de
ter them from committing such barbari ies, they
weie cut down and hurried in the ground allotted to
murderers. Tius ended the dreadful drama which
is the subject (f this leiter.
The Ybu-. Mi net for the “Echo.”— The
United S’ u’ e marshal tor South Carolina gave
Lieut. Maffiy of the U. S brig Dolphin, a receipt
for uOO^A trie tns, for wmeh per head, amounting
to ail %> ,000, will be awarded as prize money to the
flag officer of the home squadron and the officers
and crew of the Dolphin Tni* sum will be distri
buted as follows: the flag officer receives one.
twentieth, ths commanding officer of the Dolphin
two-twentietis, and tbe balance is distributed to
tbe other offiiers and crew of the Dolphin, accord
ing to rank and rate. It is doubted, however
whether tbatlag officer (Commodore Mclntosh) is
entitled to one-twentieth, as he was absent, on
leave, fromais station at the time of the capture.
This quest en will doubtless be determined by the
Attorney General. After the prescribed leval forms
have been gone through with, and the Echo has
been libeled, she will be sold at public auction.
Half of the proceeds will be taken by the Govern
ment, aceoiding to a special provision of law End
devoted toche naval pension fund. The other half
will be divided among the officers and crew of the
Dolphin, a-cording to the same ruie oy which the
per capitapnze money is distributed Eighteen of
the Atricins died after their capture by Lieut
Maffit Fir these the per capita o; $25 will not be
paid, but tuly for those win were delivered alive
into the haids of the U. S. Marshal.
Frescl Philosophic View of theOcea.s Tzl
esrai h.-M Bab.net, the most distinguished of
French astronomers, and a member of the Insti
ture, argtes that it is almost impossible to obtain a
satisfactwy operation through such a cable as the
Atlantic, because the electric current, in passing
through metallic wire, and especially a wire en
veloped 11 other metallic wires produces a power
ful electie charge, which, running off affterward*
gives sigiais quite foreign to the dispatch There
is nothin’ to do but to wait patiently until every
thing is (aim, and this consumes time. It is aboir
like whs would take place in a room with strong
echo povers, and in which a speaker would be ob
liged tostop at each word, so as to allow the echo
to die avay, and thus avoid a confusion with the
next Kofi. The telegraph is cumulative. Thia dif
ficulty vaa met at first in the telegraph between
France and England, and it still exists in that be
tween France and Algiers, on the bottom of the
Mediterranean. M. Babinet does not suggest any
remedj for this defect.
Dr. Ralston and Rev. R W. Tremble, of tbe
Kentucky Conference Church Sontb, recently, it is
stated, j oined the Spiseopal Church. 4
Dist'nguitthcd C’onier^,
The presence of one of th-se remarkable -Hat
one of tbe most beau.
history of the whole cometary race
the time.
Ia tbe ysr :tS9 a comet, the head of wH -h
peured to be composed of several rmal! eta-- r'l-i
its tail a flaming sword, and w
a splendid ol j
among men. Another comet in s>So anneared *o i ”
nrr
sort of opening ; the tail, which wa* of great’mai-ni
tude, looked hk -- tne smoke of a distant e nflr.'••ra
tion. In 655 the Chinese d* -vribs ft comet vririi .a
• all 60 degree* fir and lew iu .a \ ihr... -y ror M
Tue g eat comet oi 891 had a tail 100 (•••gives o -
aud ot astonishing brilliancy. One of the fines!
comets cn record appeared iu 139*2. so bright that
it was visible at noon-day. la Ja .n-ry, 1172, a
comet c tmo within three and a half urdiioDs cf
idles of the earth, and was visible iu the- uay time,
its tail stretching completely across the heavens.--
In 1618 Kepler discovered a which had bril
liant oorruscati ms iu its tail. The comet of 1652
almost equalled the moon in t-ize, and v. as of a pai
livid color. The comet of 1683 alms.: gr t in
sun’s surlaee, moving a! the rale of 180 o<)0 miles in
-
aud the tail wai 90 degrees iu leugih. The period
of its revolution arjuud the sun was compute ito
be not less than 8 800 years. The comet of 1714 is
regarded as most plendid of the lasi century.—
Its head equalled Venui in brilliancy, and at one
time it exi#oited six tails in rays like a tea. The
comet ot 18U7 Had a well defined planetary disk of
a circular term, which Herschel estimated to be not
less than 538 miles in diameter. The real length
of the tail was nine millions of miles. The comet
of 1811 was remarkable for reined, teg vtetete ter a
year and a haii. In the autumn o. L 1811 the come:
was within thsciic eof perpetual apparriou and
conspicuous a*.l night. The tail was iouges:, about
the end of the first week in October; it then < .st en
ded over an arc of twen.y-five degrees aud wa six
degrees broad. Bu* William Herachtl Bay/# wpll-.
l ot lined planetary dish, iuvoirr-d in an - *i -
forming the head. The dak was of a paid ru idy
color; the surrounding nebulosity biu-sn gre* re—
The nebulosity wa upwards of o.e milli nos mile.--
in diameter. In 1819 a fine com at appeared sud
denly in the constellation Lvo. Oaeciatore, c f Pa
lermo, assure-? us that it exhibited phases similar to
the moon, during part of its vteioikiy, and tha tho
descent was nut always on the same side of the
nucleus. Iu 1825 a:. Pods, at Sis:still -s, discover
ed a comet that remained visible for nearly one en
tire year. It was most conspicuous at the begin
niog of October, 1825, aa the Lead was approaching
the southern horizon. The tad was fifteen degrees
long, and divided into two branches. Bantinir ;aw
the nucleus composed of three bright points. The
fine comet of 1813 is fresh in the recollection of
many. The tail extended forty degrees, and undu
lations were noticed iu it. It Lad a very small but
bright nucleus of a reddish color, while the tail wm:-
of a brilliant tilver color. It approached within
96 f()9 miles of the sun, and it was nt first believed
that it had actually touched ir.
The Present Comet. —Most of tie astronomers
arc positive that the present coun t is not that o
-1556, called the comet of Charles V. Loin which
its element ?of motion are said to differ greatly. It
s not idt-iitlfied as having visited the solar system
before. The nearest approach of 1 comet to the
sun was on 30:h ultimo, at seven o'clock in the morn
ing. The nearest approach to the earrh WilU < ur
on the ilih, (to-day.) Tne greatest brilliancy, which
depends both on the distance of the comet from the
earth and the sun, was on the S:ii. These are the
conclusions of the Cambridge astronomers; and a
cominunica ion from the same source, published in
the Boaron Daily Advertiser, notices as telloivs sev
eral of the distinctive features ol tee come:, which
they say can scarcely liatc escaped the noticed ihe
most casual observer:
“We have first the majestic sweep of the train;
not projected in a straight line fro •• tbe h . .u or nu
clous, bur. in a curve of Acipemlous proportions,
reaching far up towards rim polar circle. Another
peculiarity is the regular contour of its upper or
convex side; the lower side, on the contrary, has an
ill-defined aud uncertain outline. The unp r edge
is also plainly th brightest through it* whole ex
tent. The star like concentration of light in th
head, aud its gradual diminution, until ir. is lost in i,
diffused light on the dark back ground of ti* hv,
are other interesting phen xuona. Thv,• a nr : tel
prominent features, scarcely requiring au efiort ot
attention to recognize them. There arc others no
so strongly marked but yet easily detected bye.
good eye without telescopic aid. This is, f r *m
stauoe, a decided but very narrow * urkstr ute: near
the middle of the brightest part of the train, lead
ing quite up to the nuclein. Again, by careful
watching, o ie or more supplementary tails or faint
rays can be seen diverging near the nucleus from
the main stream of light on its upper or convex
side, and extending for fifty or sixty degrees. Tiu .e
have a considerably less curvature than the princi
pal tail and diverge a long distance from it at their
extremity,
“Since the 28th of June the present comet ijas
been constantly watched with t.ii * great r- f actor ot
the Observatory of Harvard College. The extra
ordinary phenomena developed during this period
in the nucleus and surrounding region have scarcely
been paralleled iu astionomical hiotory.
“ For many weeks succeeding its first discovery
the comet exhibited an appearance not unusual in
bodies of its class, excepting the single fact of its
beiug visible at. ad from the im:n use distance of
more than two hundred millions of miles at which it
was placed from the ejrth. It. was a mass of faint
diffused nebulosity surrounding a et ii-likc centre,
far beyond ilie reaciyof any but superior telescopic
vision.
“ In perfect accordance with itn predicted course
it continued to increase in brightness, aud on the
19th of July it already surpassed Ihe average of tel
escopic comets, but the fiist tracea of'a tail wer
not noticed until the 20th of August. On the 29th
it was visible to the naked ey, and a train ot two
degrees in length could be discerned In the comet
seeker. The intense central light at this lime was
about 5,000 miles in diameter.
“ The curvature of the tail was noticed on the
morning of the Gth of September. It is highly pro
bable from this observation that the plane of curva
ture does not lie iu the piano of the orbit, as lias
commonly been supposed; tor, had this been the
case, from the position of the earth at that date, be
ing cicse tthe line of nodes, the tail ought to have
been seen straij^.
“ On the 20th the first of a series of extraordinary
phenomena manifested itself in the region contigu
ous to the nucleus. A crescent-shaped outline, ob
scure and very narrow, was interposed, like a
screen, between the nucleus and the sun; within
this, instead of a softly blenued nebulous light iudi
cative of au undisturbed condition of equilibrium,
the fiery mass was in a state of apparent commo
tion, aa though upheaved by thy action of violent
interna: forces.
“On the 23d two dark outlines v/ere traced more
than half-way round th** nucleus, aud on the next
evening still another. Each of these was evidently
the outer boundary ot aluminous envelope, the
brightes being Lhainearest the nucleus.
•‘On the 25th four envelopes were seen, and oth
ers have subsequently been formed, almost uuder
the eye of the observer; the motion of projection
from the nucleus being evident from night to night.
The rapidity ot their formation, and the enormous
extent to which they are ultimately expanded, are
phenomena extremely difficult to explain. The
scene of chaotic confusion ‘presented wi hn the in
most envelope can only be accounted fur as the re
sult ot sudden and violent disruptions from the cen
tral body, projecting immense volumes of rs lumi
nous substance towards tbs su , which, by sine
unknown law, is in turn repelled by that body p.nd
driven off to the distant regions of space, forming
the vast train of light so characteristic of those mys
terious bodies.
“It is probable that the comet has now parsed
its maximum of brightness,; It hough the length of
the tail may be on the increase for some days to
come. Whether we are yet to witness the inverse
operation of the reconstruction of the nucleus by
the subsidence of the envdope.a and of th - material
of the t.ail up n it, or whether it: i incapable of res
toration to its original condition, are interesting
subjects of speculation ; the latter, however would
seem to bo the most likely of the two alternatives.”
Bremen as a Cotton Port.—A correspondent
of the L -udon Cotton Plan 1 , writes from Bremen :
A glance at the map of Railroads in Middle Eu
reps will at once point oat the importance of Bre
men as a depot for eupp’yirig the Continent with
cotton and tobacco. Her cheap, excellent, and safe
harbor holds out inducements for ships to come in,
and the network of Railroads by which .he ie con
nected with all Germ my, equally i -flieoce the
manufacturer to look to her lor his supplies of the
raw material.
I told you in my last how many m'llionsof pounds
of cotton and tobacco we took hist year. I aee in
looking over the figures that they are nearly enough
correct without tabular statements. I therefore beg
to be released from the prom I then mad . By
a report just published, I notice that from the Ist of
January to Ist September, 1858, there lias been im
ported here over 95 000 bales of cotton That is
very nearly as much as we took during the whole
of last year, and that in seven mouths, with the five
best remaining. I venture to predict that Bremen
will import very nearly if not quite 200,009 bales
during this year—nearly doable the q i ircily of last
year, and thia is a trade that is onl r in ir ;ifancy.
It is destined to increase wonderfully ov : y year.
You would be astonished to see a li:t of t!:-; q.iane
rie3 now in actual operation, and the Lumbar of
new ones building on the Continent I will try in
my next to enlighten you on this subject.
My main object in writing this h.uerv/ is t > call
the attention of the Southern people oft ( nil
States to this point. They must bear in mind that
we have a Liverpool in embryo at Bremen, and
that there is more than one market in Curope for
cotton, and a market, too, where the prices are al
ways a little better than at Liverpool, and charges
not so high by one hair at least. I ini end in my next
to say something about the new dock of Hanover
at Gestermundi.
Swindle by Emigrant Runners.— Charles Brew
whose miraculous escape from the wreck of* the
steamship Austria was chronicled a few days ago.
fell into the clutdhes of a couple of emigrant 6w;r d
lers in New York, on Saturday, and was defrauded
out of $250. Mr. Brew was on his way to Fraser
river, via San Francisco, and being anxi. us f • pur
chase a ticket for the California steamer of the s:b
iDst., took aw& k towards West street, when he ran
afoul of two harpies keeping an office in Liberty
street, who induced him to buy a bogus ticket,
for which he paid them $250. The swindlers were
afterwards arrested, and compelled to refund.
Daniel Webster Matched by a Woman
In the somewhat famous case of Mrs. Bodgens’
will, which was tned in tie Supreme Court acme
years ago, Mr. Webster appeared as c on.seller for
the appellant. Mrs. Greenough, wile of Rev. Wn>.
Greenough, late of West Newton, a tall, straight,
queenly iooking woman, with a keen black eye—a
woman of great self-possesion and decision of char
acter, was called to the stand as a wit.: ess on h
opposite eide from Mr. Webster. Web ter, at *
giauce, had the sagacity to foresee that, her te-ti
moDy, if it contained anythingof importance, would
have great weight with the Court and jury. He
therefore, resolved, if possible, to break her up
And when she answered to the firs’ question put to
her “ I believe, ’ Webster roareed out, “ we cijn’t
want to hear what you believe, we want to hear
what you know !'* Mrs. Greenough replied, “That
is just wbst I was about to say, sir,*’ and went on
with her testimony.
Ana uotwitnsian dug bis repeated efforts to dip
concert her, she pursued the even tenor of her way,
until Web-iter becoming quite fearful of the result,
arose apparently in great agitation, and drawing
out his large snuff box, thrust his thumb and finger
to the very bottom, and carrying the “deep pinch”
to both nostrils, drew it up with a gusto; and next
extracting from his pocket a very large handker
chief, which flowed to his feet as he brought it to
the Irout, he blowed his nose which rang distinct
and loud through the crowded hall Webster—“ Mrs.
Greenough, was Mrs. Bodgen a neat woman?
Mrs. Greenough —“I cannot give you very full in
formation as to that, sir, she had one very dirty
trick.” Webster—“ What’s that, ma’am?” Mr*
Greenough—“She took snuff!” The roar of the
court house was such, that the future “Defendero,
the Constitution” subsided, and neither rose or spoke
again until aft ?r Mrs. Greenougkhad vacated her
chair to another witness—having ample time to re
flect upon the inglorious history of the man wno had
a stone thrown on his head by a woman.
The English Bill— lt Is stated that in Indiana
there is not one single Democratic cindidafe for
Congress that stands by that provision oi the bn
which declares that Kuds&3 shall not be admitted
into the Union until she has the requisite popula
tion. In Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, lowa.
Wisconsin, Michigan, and throughout the whole
Northern States, the Democratic candidates stand
i on the same platform.
■at the Rule Work both Ways.
The Washington States, Richmond Enquirer,
Vu-tedi-fa Constitutionalist, and other Southern pa
•eri* u p -ting Judge Douglas, are earnest in de
man...tg p. know why it is that the Administration
._nd the VVrt.-rui.gton Union confine their proscrip
|'ve and denunciatory warfare to Judge Douglas
and h * I era I trienda in llkuoie. Why, say they, ia
11 ’ \ ‘ v \ ‘■ * ea!=o denounced and pursued with
‘Uip.on and sustain Dougina in every step ? Why
ior g‘r up t .pn io English and the numerous
t-r N rteeni Democrats who sustained the Con
r*reiut* b. 1, but now announce their intention to
> :•> a e v ; ior co they at present occupy the
;ove position as Douglas ?,
’ !,n h - -'ed that there ia force in this in
er: og .? y argument and we apprehend that a can
/ ar ! : \ rey eal personal influences
*• •’ iteUain uig.i omeiale are anxious to keep out of
a. Bn! us see whether the interrogatories in
i. £ ins. once occupy any better position than the
tetenvgated. Why do ot they demand that Wal
ivei, iotou, Reeder, Broderick, Haskin, Mont
oiixr’.y, L .vey, et. al, shall also be received back
nto .u . l-'Uowship and high position iu the Demo
• ratio i'tt'its \ Has ;:ot Judge Douglas sustained
he- refractory and unpardonable Democrats in
iy posh .ou they have taken ? Does lie not oc-
the same position with them? And can any
frea-ty v.i peace be made with Douglas which does
pot include a'so these his friends ! Would Douglas
5, .c ing with the chivalry and honor generally aa
‘ “bed to him, should he conclude a peace with the
Administration which did not also grant pardon and
security to his subalterns ?
i'ue conflicting demands of these factions disclose
•ne truth very clearly, aud it ought to consign the
whole party to CoVciit y. It is parly advantage,
Uey are mutually working for, and not principle.
The Administration wing recognize iu Judge Doug
a formidable rival, whom they are determined
iiuit it shall be upon terms eo humiliating as to de
i. ale him to a very low station in the paity. The
buuUiom pupate supporting Douglas, oh tbo other
• aud, that without the co-operation of ths llli
nois “giant their party can have no chance of fu
ture success—that when they throw Douglas over
board, they also throw overboard the Presidency
md the control of all the Federal offices. Hence
they are willing to take back Douglas, because of
his strength , bus resolutely bar the door against
Walker, Reeder and Forney, whose services they
think they can ajford to dispense with. In plain
words, it is Douglas’ power that, they are afraid of,
while such “poor devils’’ as Walker et. al., who
nave done no more than Douglas, can't come in ,
o car.se they have not the political power to com
pem-teo for their ap >stacy to principle. Is not this
the naked truth i—Columbus Enquirer.
The Truth About “Our Northern Allies/*
—Commenting on the statement made through the
Sc. Louis Republican, that “Lincoln’s position is no
lore anti-slavery than Douglas’, ” the. Nashville
Banner forcibly remarks :
It is the testimony of a Southern Democratic pa
per, and its truth cannot be denied. The “Little
Giant” is recommended to the Democracy of Illi
nois as an anti-slavery man, having the decided ad
vantage of Lincoln, from the fact that he (Douglas)
* more honest, and out-spokcn. The Republic.au
understands (he sentiments of the Illinois Deino
era ay and knows how to rally them to the standard
of Douglas, and the tact that it presents him to that
party as a more reliable anti slavery man than Lin
coln, proves what we have so often charged—the De
mocracy of the North are rank freesoilers. In Illinois
they are more sound < n the slavery question than
in any State North of Mason and Dixon s line.—
But even in Illinois they cannot bs induced to sup
port a candidate, unless they are assured that he is
a more reliable anti slavery man than any other
candidate,
There are two points in the above paragraph to
which we would direct the particular attention of
Southern Democrats : Ist. A j Southern Domncrahc
paper advocates the election of a Northern Demo
crat because he is more reliable as an anti slavery
man than tbe Republican candidate; 2d. That
-ucli an appeal should be made to the Illinois De
mocracy h oonelurive that ihey are free soilers.—
; - Southern men ponder weil these facts, and then
if they can ti dit in their cons< i mces to continue
:o act with their Northern allies, let them have
honesty enough to place their co-operation on the
rue ground and let us have no more of the fidelity
of Northern Democracy to the South and her righis.
Another Pledge Broken.— At the outset of his
war upon Mr. Douglas, Mr. Buchanan made the re
al ot the former to support the English Bill the
de ground o virulent ana persevering
opposition of the Administration to his re-election to
the Senate.
It will be remembered that, Gov. Brown, of Mis-
H.'ippi, distinctly stated at the barbacue given him
at Hazelhurst, that he “called on the President be
fore he !efr, Washington, and that Mr. Buchanan as
sured him in the moat positive and unequivocal
terras that he would anpoint no man to office who
held the opinion that Kansas ought to be admitted
before she has a population which would entitle her
to a Representative in Congress, (according to the
terms of the Conference bill,) and that he would de
capitate every office holder who expressed such a
belief. Gov. Brown went on to state that ho re
garded this as a solemn pledge on tbe part of Mr.
Buchanan, and although he considered him a ‘little
weak in ihe back,’ he believed he would stick up to
it.
Now, here is a distinct pledge by tbe President,
and how has it been redeemed ? Has the Presi
dent, in a single instance, outside of the State of Il
linois, even attempted to carry it into effect ? It s
now patent to everybody with iiali ail eye to see,
that die President does not regard or intend to make
he English bill a test anywhere but in Illinois, and
: here only so far as it may bo made to damage tbe
prospects of Mr. Douglas. It is quite p’ obaole that
the head of any office holder in the Sucker State is
P Gectly sate, provided he joins in tbe raid against
Douglas, no matter how 110l 10 Btuudu nffeoted to the
English bill, or what ho thinks of the rights of the
South. Mr. Brown said l:e lttended to bold Mr
Bucaanau to his solemn pledge ; we respectfully
suggest to that Senator that the occasi n for the re
demption ot his own pledge has already arisen. It
L: quite tune he was calling the occupant of the
W bite House to account for a violation of promise. (
Will ho do it /— Mobile. Adv.
Douglas and Forney.—We have no more re
f-pect for, nor confidence in Judge Douglas aw a
statesman, and Mr. Forney, as a politician, now;
than we had when they were in full communion
with the Democratic party and aided in the elec
tion, and supported the Administration of Mr. Bu
cnanau. But, surely, the fact that they Jmvo -eeii
cause to quarrel with the President, and cut loose
from his wing of the party, does not render them
less creditable, than they formerly were, or sink
l hem to such a state of degradation as they are rep
iv; tented to be, by their quondam flatterers and
friends. What they said, but a little while ago,
about politics and political men and things, was all
taken for “gospel truth;” and they are now no
better and no worse than they were then. The fair
rifle would seem to be, to judge them and their as
ertions just as we do the declarations of other pub
ic men of similar characters, and with simitar
claims to belief, and not discard their testimony
merely because their party associations have been
changed. We may not think that Mr. Forney’s re
cent expositions amount to much, as some are in
clined to suppose they do—but as far as they go,
they are undoubtedly damaging to the party in pow
er, and to the President himself. The force of the
blows cannot be parried by saying that Forney is
unworthy; because the President warmly endorsed
Forney, after all was known that w now said to hie
pre ’u l:ce, except the iut grave and important mat
ter —tie separation from the Administration! It is
rathe.’ singular in the history of the present Admin
i on, that its bitterest assailants, and the most
determined enemies it has had to encounter, have
• n those of its own household.— Alexandria Ga
zette.
Douglas about to bk Treed —The Washington
Star of Monday has the following, and we have no
doubt of its entire truth:
A friend writes us from St. Louis, under date of
the 25 f .h ulfc., that E. P. Blair, jr., is preparing to
-übatantiate every allegation of his letter written to
Grafz Brown, last winter, explanatory of the over
• ures o; Douglas to himself, Mr. Colfax, and other
Republican members of both houses of Congress,
tor a thorough union and alliance between the Re
publican party and the Phunkey-Fellows. On the
part ot Douglas &. Cos., the concession to have been
mac • was the substitution of Blair, jr., for Green,
in Lho Senate of the United States; and on the part
of the Republicans, as Douglas fondly hoped—
'hough tne parlies of the other part of the contract
were not ho green as to commit themselves on pa
prio any such policy --the re-election ot Douglas
by the votes of the Republicans of tne Illinois Legis
lature.
While Douglas fancied ha had them bound up in
pome such promise, not a word of denial of hi3 un
derstanding with the Republican leaders did he
breathe, though it was boasted of as freely in the
columns of the New York Tribune and Times, as it
v/a charged in the Star and other papers standing
by t he policy ot the Democracy of Congress and the
National Administration.
Bar we are losing sight of the purpose for which
we took pen in hand a few moments since; which
was simply to say that Blair, Brown & Cos., design
proving, pasr, any possibility of future denial, that
ho lung as Douglas had hopes of the support of the
Republicans in Illinois, he was ready to pledge him
self up to h: eyes to the success ol any and every
possible scJc me for the overthrow of the Democra
cy, not only upon the vital party issue of that win
ter, but in the Presidential contest of 1800.
The New Y< rk Americans.—There is nothing
more common at the south than denunciations of
t"je northern Americana, as sectionalista and free
t’oiler? We will not pretend to say that they are a
great deal better on these scores than the northern
Democrats; but while they are abused at the south,
it may not be ami to give the opinion of the de
mocratic press in their very midst, which has watch
ed all‘heir movements The N. Y. Daily News,
the metropolitan organ of the Administration, thus
alludes to them in a recent issue :— Savh. Rep.
“Tne large assemblage of the “Americans” on
Tuesday evening, at -he Cooper Institute, to ratify
their State nominations, must have been anythin ‘
but gratifying or encouraging to their “Republican”
irieu-ls. It was ready an imposing assemblage,
and b gingfrom those present, the addresses made,
esoiui. ona, &c.; we have the most positive evi
Aenc'i that lucre is life love and tew sentiments in
common between them and the “Republicans,”
and that they are too much imbued with National
■tentiments to have ought to do with the sectional
’ he led by Weed, Greely & Cos., who have at
times scorned and flattered them.”
Death of a Literary Woman.—Madame Ama
h*. s :. , a German novelist and poet, died at
S.-:ijene*-.:ady ia.-T week .She was the daughter of
Dr V. ie, and was born on the Island of Fedmar,
a th-- Balt- .O’ ob *r 9, 1791. Her novels were of
t h ‘ iea! .a->:• . and she was iut-mate with the
GHiingu sued writers of Germany while there.—
“In 1820,” says the Schenectady star, “she had to
suffer from -persecution by the Rassian Govern
ment, bee.. 1 . 1.-/ she had published in German pa
rrr.-, that there vereetiii kept in Russia captives
from the Napoleonic invasion. Russia contradicted
and persecuted, but afterward M’me. Scboppes
suspicion was found to be based on facts. In tins
last revolution of 18JH, new troubles came over
■ter, and at the age of 60 years she followed her
.•n v Son to this country She Maid but few month,
in new York, and went then to Schenectady where
her non w*- ecipteyed in a machine shop. .Several
.'.J , 5 r ... fi to wander again iu his foreign land,
is • ! ‘,niups'-•<>“ of her sea, au engineer, required
. ‘ : ,;Lhe came back again to her ‘lovea’
Schenectady and to her first friends.”
Mute Marriage Service in the Episcopal
Church. —It is seldom we have witnessed so beau
tiful a ceremony as the marriage of Mies Ellen
L- ,of Boston, to Mr. Triet, of Philadelphia, son
of well-known negotiator of the Treaty of Gua
dal :pe Hidalgo, which took place op Tuesday
morn :ug, in the pretty pariah church at New Brigh
ton. S I The bridal couple were both mutes
deaf and dumb from infancy. The Rev. Mr. Irving
very “lowly and emphatically read the service,
which Mr. Galiaudet translated by signs, with won
derful fidelity and rapidity, the bride and groom
repeating these signs as they were indicated by
their clergyman. Several times the sign-language
lingered after the word-language had ceased, and
then the ad nee which reigned in the church, and
the breathless interest which enchained every spec
tator, was almost pai'itul.— N. Y. Express.
Jonas Frazer, a soldier of the Revolution, died at
Miamit-jwn, Hamilton county, 0., October 7th,
aged ninety-nine years a:yt two mouths, lie was
buried with military honors.
VOL. LXXJI. —NEW SERIES VOL. XXII. NO. 4*2.
From Havana—Farther Particular* of the
Explosion*
The steamer Label, from Havana on the 10th
inst., arrived at Charleston on Tuesday. The chief
topic of interest in the news is the late terrible ma
gazine explosion. The correspondent of the Mer
cury gives the following account:
Oil the ‘29th September, at half-past 4p. m., our
community was thrown into a sudden state of con
sternation by the explosion of a powder magazine
near the southwestern quarter of the city, but sepa
rated from it by the right arm ot our bay which
washes the slope of “Fort Atares,” and directly op
poaite the Military Hospital. The concussion reach
ed every part ot the city, and did some damage to
walls, glass and roots ; but the scene of most awful
destruction was in the immediate vicinity of the
magazine, where near three hundred persons wtre
at work upon sugar warehouses which were beiug
constructed—six of which were ready for perviee,
and thirteen iu various stages of progress, to lie
ready for the new crop—all now a mass of ruins,
and having buried many persons in their fall. The
magazine contained 150,000 pounds of powder, 100
shells, 1200 grenades, and a large quantity of rock
ets, with fixed ammunition, alrt-ady for distribution
on board of our naval vessels when required for
active service. The shells exploded in the air or
took lateral directions through the warehouses,
where so many were employed, upon and over the
w'ater ; but, fortunately ior the city, none came in
that direction. For a few moments the air was
filled with fragments of rocks, bodies, burning, his
sing aud exploding missiles, returning to the earth
to close the work of desolation. The deaths are
supposed to be about 112; wounded in the military
hospital and elsewhere, 128—with strong hopes that
many of them will recover. Os the estimated deaths
only fifty four bodies have yet been found aud
identified. Os the three hundred persons known to
have been in the vieiuity at the moment as guards,
laborers, directors of the works, &c., sixty remain,
of which but few are known to be sale. Os the
guards at the magazine, sixteen, aud a non-com
missioned officer, only three are left, who were at
the moment a little Uistauce from the ground seek
refreshment, aud the others were probably thrown
into the bay, which has been Iho case with many
others.
Tue gas works, west of the military hospital and
adjoining, W’ere damaged to the extent of many
hundreds of thousands. With great trouble, they
have repaired one of the gasometers, so that the re
sidences within the city walls are partially sup
plied with light; but it will beat least three months
before the uew constructions necessary can be com
pleted. At the instant of the casually, Gen. Con
cha was passing from the city to his couulry resi
dence, aud about a mile from the spot. He left his
carriage, aud mounted a horse of one of his guards,
arriving at lull speed upon the ground, his path
way covered with the tailing ruobish—debris of
rocks, pieces of shells, lie was the first per
son that came to the relief—although he was soon
followed by officers and troops, aud thousands oi
citizens, anxious to alleviate the great . 11l ction and
to soothe the sufferers. The Captain General took
charge aud direo:ion of the labor—beiug every
wheie—- ready with his hands as with heart and
mind—aud iu a lew minutes many boats, fill .'d with
the wounded, were speeding across the water to the
military hoep.tal, where every human aid and
scientific help w r ere in instant action, under the
nursing care of those angels lent to earth, known
where sorrow dwells aa ihe blessed “Sisters of
Charity/’ I happened to bo on the ground aa the
same monieut that Gen. Concha arrived, having
been near that quarter of the city on business. Ta
king a boat, I was soon on the esplenade, iu view
of the field of blood and torture. Iu the midst of
the terrible display, absorbing every sense, touch
ing every sentieut chord, I could not avoid admir
iug the noble manner, the quick perception of the
exact, thing necessary and to do at the instant,
displayed by Gen. Concha, who gave encourage
ment everywhere—his gentle voice reaching every
sufferer, while the tear stood large and still iu his
flashing eye. I had never seen bo:ore a counten
ance iu which so much was to be read, as his
thoughts seemed expressed before his words were
uttered. Although the organization whs perfect for
removal of the ruins to rescue those beneath, Gen.
Concha would not leave the place until he lmd per
sonally seen every human being—the dead or the
wounded that could be reached, removed from the
locality, tor such care as was necessary. These are
the life-trials which bring forth the real qualities of
men ;. thero ia no fiction or conventionalities to hide
or cramp the worth, and many noble instances were
given in proof by liis officers and soldiers through
the night and the following day. With this scene
in our midst, we were prepared to feel the more
lingeriug fate ot the sufferers on board of the Aus
tria. lam aware that you must kuow r , by way of
New Orleans, of this event; but even with all the
description that 1 CuUld give, or others might fur
nish, tne picture will not realize the melancholy
facts to your mind. Through the instructions and
influence of General Concha, most liberal assist
ance has been provided for the families of those
who have lost, the labor upon which tlmy depended
for Hubsißtenc9.
The correspondent of the Courier says :
I regret to elate the work of examining the ruins
was not afterwards carried on with that energy that
might have been expected. Three or four days af
ter the explosion, a little dog was observed scratch
ing at the stones aud whining at n particular spot.
A few large stones were removed, aud beneath
them was found the dog’s master, a carpenter,
alive but with one of hit legs shockingly crushed.
Five or six days after the exulosion, another man
was taken alive out of the ruius, and I believe he
still lives.
Tue Courier farther learns from the Purser of the
Isabel that, the number killed was J2B, wounded 130,
and missing 80, making a total of 338. Tne loss in
slaves aud real estate is estimated at $1,200,000.
From the Washington Union, OcL. 10.
Great Overland Mail from San Francisco*
It is iu the highest degree gratifying to be able to
annouuee the arrival at St. Louis, yesterday, of the
overland mail from San Francisco, in twenty-three
days and four hours. This wonderful achievement
of the contractors and the Post Office Department
foreshadows an early und complete consolidation of
all our continental interests. It is a removal of
wliat has been regarded as the great mountain bar
riers of the interior, and will be followed by the ra
pid and permanent settlement of the whole country
by our active, enterprising population. The most
remarkable feature of this interesting news is to be
found in the fact, that the quickest express which
has crossed the cont inent heretofore, occupied some
thing more than twice the time employed by Mr.
ButterfUld and hio associates, in conveying the mail
iu four horse stage coaches, which lias just arrived
at, St. Louis. We give ihe telegraphic despatch of
Mr. Butterfield, of the Overland Mail Company, to
the President, and the significant reply of the Utter,
as the very best commentary which can be made
upon this truly wonderful achievement:
Jhffekson City, (Mo.) Oct. 9, 1853.
To the President of the. United States :
Sir : Tue Great Overland Mail arrived in St.
Louis to day from San Francisco in twenty-three
days and tour hours. The stages brought through
six passengers. With great respect,
John Butterfield.
President Overland Mail Company.
Washington, Oct. 9, 1858.
To John Butterfield, Esq.,
President of the. Overland Mail Company ;
Sir: —Your despatch has been received. I cor
dially congratulate you upon the result. It is a
glorious triumph for civilization and the Union.—
.Settlements will soon follow the course of the road,
and the East and the West will be bound together
by a chain of living Americans which can never
be broken. James Buchanan.
It is proper to remark thrt the mail was not due
at St. Louis until eight o’clock in the morning of
Monday next, the 11th inst. It lelt San Francisco
on Thursday, the iG'.h of September, at eight
o’clock, A. M. No information has been received
from Memphis, but there ia no doubt that the mail
has arrived at that point, perhaps in advance of its
arrival at St. L uis. The last mail by the Panama
route left San Francisco on the 6th of September ;
the dates from that city are therefore ten days later
by the overland route than those received hereto
fore.
An Expedition of War.— The Expected Resis
tance from Paraguay. —A correspondent of tbe
N. Y. Journal of Commerce, who appears to be well
Informed in regard to matters connected with the
expedition to Paraguay, says :
“ One would suppose, from the articles published
in the newspapers, that this Paraguay expedition
was to be a sort of holiday excursion, and that all
this Musquito fleet bad t> do was to steam up the
river to the capital of Paraguay, and to batter down
a fort or Lwo. Now, it is well to state what this ex
pedition will really have to encounter, in case Lo
pez refuses to accede to the demands which will be
made by the United States through Judge Bowlin.
So far iroiri President Lopez having the most re
mote idea ot acceding to these demands, it is thought
by those who ougot to know, that Judge Bowlin
will not be allowed to enter Paraguay territory, but
be received at the extreme southern limits of the
Republic, and sent back from whence he came.
“There ii little probability that Lopez will permit
a steamer to ascend the river, and thereby give
loose on board au opportunity to view his means of
defence ; and even shou.d he be ever so will ng, it is
not likely that he will remove the obstructions
which will be boomed and chained. Ex
ten-ive earth works are being constructed, it is
well known, along both banks of the river, and be
fore reaching Assumption the fleet (supposing them
able to remove the obstructions in the river and dis
mantle the earth-work batteries) will have to silence
a fort or redoubt mounting 40 heavy guns. In ap
proaching this redoubt, the fleet of steamers must
receive a raking fire for the distance of half a mile.
This redoubt is placed on an elevation of sixty feet
above the level of the river. Suppose, then, the
possibility of passing the above redoubt, the Mos
quito Fleet has nothing more to do but reduce a
turt a short distance South ot Assumption that
mounts 0-1 guns, 42 pounders. This fort is also on
elevated ground, being 100 feet above ihe level of
the river. Opposite this fort there aie two channels,
one along eit .er embankment, there being a shoal
in the middle of the river, and the American ves
sels being in the channel on the opposite side of the
fort, will not be able through the narrowness of the
river, to bring the guns to bear, as too greatjan
eJ nation will be required. .
“To reduce tne above defences, the United States
send a few steamers which are to tow raft up the
river, on which ralts guns of a heavy “allbre are to
be placed, and the men who work the guns will be
exposed to the swarm of riflemen who will line the
river. Paraguay can eusilly raise an army ot do,-
000 men, wtio are far superior to the Mexican
troop ‘. The American expedition can land 1,-0 )
men and out of this number there will De but i-0
men who are disiplined soldiers, and these are the
marines To reduce the redoubts and forts alluded
to it will be necessary to carry them by land, and
to do S3 a lartfe infantry and artillery force will be
necessary. At least ■I,OOO men will be required,
with a proper Beige-train. The expertness of the
mounted Paraguayans with the lasso is well known,
and as cavalry they are verji formidable.
“in case the expediiion fails, as it will be almost
sure to do, unless properly reinforced, it cannot be
said that proper ceje was not taken in the organi
zation of the force, as we have all read a great deal
about the care with which the expedition was be
ing organized, particiarly in the selection of officers,
and it will be great pity to have the expedition fail
for want of infantry soldierm This cannot he a
naval battle, but a struggle on land six hundred
Hides from the ocean.
Dkad LettxkOvvicx.— One of the Washington
correspondents of the Baltimore Sun thus writes of
the Dead Better Office :
“The dead letter branch of the General Post
Office has just closed another quarter’s work. —
During the three months which terminated on the
30th alt, there were found 3,72 M letters which con
tained money, amounting in the aggregate to $13,-
931 83. For the quarter which closed 30th June
‘ast, there were received 4,549 letters and $31,498.-
85 in money. For the quarter ending 30th March,
3,473 letters and $13,457 1 5 in money. Quarter
closed 31st December, 3,353 letters and $13,361 90
in cash. Total in the year 13 102 letters end $61,-
239 72 in money. It is gratifying to state that un
der the efficiency and promptitude which charac
teiize the finance bureau, over nine-tenths of the
whole amount of cash has been restored to the
original owners.”
During the seventeenth century the patents
granted for inventions in Bngland were 361); in the
next hundred years they amounted to 2,500, and in
the first fifty years of the present century they had
exceeded 3i@,006.
The Chines*© Treaties.
Tho subjoined article from the Paris Monitcur of
September 22d, shows what France has accom
plished in China. The New York Her aid. t in a no
tice of the several treaties, remarks :
“Tho French treaty is remarkable chiefly for the
predominance of the religious element. It is cu
lions how, m all these documents, the prevailing
tendencies of the different government?, are to be
observed. Thus Russia goes in for territorial,
Franco for religious, ami Great Britain an 1 the
United Slates tor commercial privih*gs. Russia
at present oar i
cal influence ove.v the As-atic nations, knowing
well that all other advantages must follow in its
train ; Louis Napoleon is occupied merely with the
idea of strengthening his power at homo by the aid
of the church, leaving to Russia and Great Britain
the contest for Eastern dominion ; Groat Britain,
anxious to secure her commercial ascendancy, neg
lecta many important consideration* which may ulti
mately compromise it in that quarter of the globe.
The United States goes in, of course, for what it can
get, and it may perhaps turn out iu the end that it
will quietly have secured as much as has been ob
tained at an enormous coat by the other maritime
Powers.
From lhe Par in Monitcur, Scpl. 22.
The expedition sent to China lias accomplished
the object the Emperor had iu view. On the one
hand, lull satisfaction is given to well fouuded com
plaints, and the chastisement inflicted upon tho
magistrate guilty of the murde** ot the Pere Chap
delaine will be made public throughout the whole
of China; on the other hand, a treaty, signed al
most at the gates of Pekiu, assures to our commerce
and to our missionaries free access into the heart of
the Celestial Empire. The barriers of ages which
still k* pt stiut out from the r*-st of the world a terri
tory peopled by nearly 300,000,000 i habitants,
are definitively removed. China is completely
thrown opeu, and can no longer escape the march
of civilization.
It was the 27th of June last that Baron Grofl sign
ed the treaty of Tien-sia. Fully to appreciate its
value, it must be remembered wiiat were hitherto
the relations of the Western Powers with China,
and h<w limited wore the advantages resulting
therefrom.
The war between England and China led in 1842
to the conclusion of a treaty which, placing in certain
respect the “barbarians” of the Weston the same
footing ns the subjects of “the Central Kingdom
opened certain porta to them, granted them guaran
tees for their commerce and personal safety, and
created the first elements of an international law,
until then unknown iu China, liy tho convention
of 1811 Fiance assured to herself the advantage of
the benefits of those varied clauses, and in addition
elicited a decree from the Emperor revoking the
penalties inflicted upon Chinese converts to Chris
tianity. Assuredly tin sc were important conces
sions, and mas have imbued the Chinese mind with
a more distinct notion of the power of France,
scarcely known at Pekiu, except by the vague re
membrance which the recital ot missionaries
had left there of the greatness of Louis the
Fourteenth, and afterwards of the renown of the
name of Napoleon. The decrees of toleration,
moreover, transported into China our traditional
protectorate of the Catholic religion, extending it to
Christianity in general. But if this first success
was of incontestib e value, it must be allowed,
however, that the admission granted to us into the
Chinese territory, limited to five ports, was au in
sufficient concession. It is also to be observed that
the measu e taken in favor < f Chinese Christians by
the edict of Ta ut Kouang, did not bear tho stamp
of a synallagmatic act, and emanating solely from
the Imperial will, that act had not the force of a
conventional engagement, and in no manner au
thorized the preachtug of Chri.iitanity nor the ad
mission of missionaries into the provinces of the
Celestial Empire.
On the other hand, the foreign legations were
only allowed to reside at Macao or II ng Kong, and
never could treat except with the Viceroy of Can
ton ; our diplomatic embassy was obliged, like tho
others, to fix its residence outside the Chinese terri
tory, and always found it impossible to commum
cate directly with the central government. Thin
stute of things was a source of serious
ence, placing foreign lepre.-entativ* .< in an inferior
position, which completely tied their hands audlow
ered them in the estimation ot the Chinese.
The treatment, and the advantages which the go
vernment of the Empei or has thought fit to exact
are now granted to no formally, and without re
serve.
All the important porta of the Chine e ©.out, aR
also the great internal highways of oommuni.Mon,
are open to our navigation and our commerce.—
Frenchmen who, according to the terms of ihet on
vention of 1841, were only admitted to five parte,
may henceforth, provided with passports, t. averse,
unobstructed, every portion of China.
It is no longer in virtue ot a spoataneoui edict
from the {Sovereign that the Chiixvo Christians
cease to fear tho persecutions of the Mimdarins—it
is in virtue of conventional .stipulations which, ren
dering homage to the blessings of the Christian doc
trine, abolish the lawn which forbade it and a low
missionaries of the West to circulate freely iu tho
interior of the empiie to propagate it among tho
Chinese.
Tho Vicerovof Canton ceases to bo i lie neces
sary intermedium for our communicalhns; t’ ■ rep
resentative of France will treat directly vd lithe
Cabinet of Pekiu, and with that view he will have a
residence in that capital. The advantages of this
concession, which was vary revolting to China-.-
pride, am manifest. It can no longer be feared
that the dishonesty of certain functionaries may
prevent tho prompt, and sat. sfaatory Q olution of an
differences which may anse. This direct common
cation with the Chinese Cabinet v. ill tend to di-pel
more than one false notion ; and to enlighten on
many points a government which has nearly every
thing to learn respecting the mil ions of the West.
Commerce will receive anew impulse m value
of the henceforth acquired 10 merchants to
purchase directly, without au intermediary me.
chandise, on the spot of production. Anew revi
sion oi the tariffs will bring the custom dues in hu>
mony with the fluctuations of price. Mviohau in
will uo longer be subject to the arbitrary taxation)
placed upon it by the provincial Mandarins while on
ita way; the government will publish a uniform ta'*
of transit. The tonnage dues will also be reduced.
For a long time the shipping trade has stood in
need of protection against piracy in those seat ,
where it” is exercised with impunity. Measures
will be taken to put a stop to tins scourge.
Finally, the Chinese Gov eminent is bound to pay
to France the bum of 15,000,0001. on account of
losses suffered by French merchants, and as a
compensation for the expenses of tlio war. Thus
the sincere wishes of all enlightened minds have
been granted. China, snatched from its state of
immobility and isolation, will undergo the happy
influence of Christianity and civilization, mid will
at the same time assume in the commercial move
ment of the world the place assigned to it by its im
mense resources.
lu conclusion, it may not be out of place to ob
serve that if Huch great results have been obtained
at that end of the world with such a small display of
military lorce, it must be attributed to the good
understanding happily maintained between the
governments of France uud England, and to the
valor of which the sailor.! of botn countries have
just given additional proof.
Thk Comet. —Tue last “statement of an eye
witness,” (from the careful watchers in the Har
vard Observatory,) published in the Botlo Ad
vertiser of Saturday, imparts eqine interesting in
formation :
“The curvature of the tail was unticed on tl e
morning of the 6th September. It is higl.iy probt
ble, from this observation, that the plane of curve
ture does not lie in the plane of lho oriel, as hi s
commonly been supposed ; tor, bad Ibis been tie
case, from the pcsitiou of ti.o earth ut that date, 1 e
iug close to the line of nodes, the tail ought to have
been seen straight.
Uu the 20th, me first of a series of extraordinary
phenomena manifested itself in the region contigu
ous to the nucleus. A crescent shape i outline, ob
scure and very narrow, wa3 inters creed, like a
screen, between the nucleus and tbe sun ; within
this, instead of a softly-blended nebulous light, in
dicative of au undisturbed equilibrium, the t ery
mass was iu a state of apparent c m.motion, as
though upheaved by the action of violent interna 1
forces. On the 23d, two dark outlines were traced
more than half way round Ihe nucleus, mid on the
next eveuiugstill another. Each of the e was evi
dently the outer boundary of a luminous envelope,
tbe brighter t being nearest the nucleus.
On the 35th four envelopes were seen, and others
have subsequently been form! and, almost under the
eye of the observer, their motion of projection from
the nucleus bemg evident irom night to night. The
rapidity of their formation and the enormous extent
to which they are ultimately expanded are phenom
ena eXtremeiy difficult tw explain. Thu scene ot
chaotic confusion presented within the inmost en
velope can only be accounted fur as the result of
sudden and violent disruptions from the central
body, projecting iintnen.-ie volumes of its luminous
bubsiance towards the sun, which by some unknown
law is repelled by that body and driven ofi to the
distant regions of space, terming the vast train of
light so characteristic of these mysterious bodies.
It is probable that the comet lias now passed its
maximum of brightness, although the length of the
tail may be o.r the increase for some days to come..
Whether we are yet to witness the inverse operation
ot tiie reconstruction of the nucleus by the subsi
dence of the envelopes and of the material of tiie
tail upon it, or whether it is incapable if restoration
to its original condition, are interesting subjects of
speculation, the latter, however, would seems to be
the most likely of the two alternatives.
Comkts’ Tails —The nebulosity attendant on
cometary bodies is supposed io be termed by the
vapors which the solar heat receives on their sur
face and that rhe great heat which they experience
on their approach to the son rarefies tbt particles
which have been congealed by the excessive cold
created when at a distance from tbe sunt and the
tiainsof comets are only these vapors elevated tea
considerable height by this rarefaction, combined
either with the s rlar rays or with the dissolution of
these vapors in tli- fluid which reliects the zodia
cal light to us. Tiie tails of c nets, the aurora
borealis, and tbe electric, are suppos’ dto be mat
ter of the same kind. According to this hypothe
sis, it would follow that the cornetary trains are
hollow, which appears plausible, from the scarcely
perceptible diminution of the lu-tre of the stars
seen through them. A learned writer on the sub
ject suggests that the electric malter which con
tinually escapes from Ihe planets is brought back
by the assistance of tbe coaiets and their trains.—
A'. Y. tiunduy Timet.
Statistics or Onn I sLLOwsHir. —The lollow
ing statistics in relation to the Independent Order
of Odd Fellows in the United States have been
carefully revisied from official sources, and, show
ing as they do, the work of the great fraternity for
the year enaing Jane 30, 1858, will doubtie.-a com
mand attention, especially on the part of members
of tbe Order:
Number of Lodges within the jurisdiction of the
Order, winch includes all the Staten and Territories
ot the Union, the District of Uolumbii, Nova
Scotia, Canada West, Sandwich Islands, Sea., 3390;
iinitiations, 16,540; number of deaths.
i/JJ; number of members, 176,700; number of
members relieved, 23,151 ; w,dowed families re
lieved, 2765 ; amount paid lor the relief of mem
bers, $294 992 J] ; amount paid for the relief of
tamilies, fbf1.614 55 ; amount paid for the education
°f o . rp^ ‘ a,noua t paid for the burial
> amount of annual receipts,
f2*d O_c2J. The sum total of appropriations for
members, widows and orphans, is $440,259 22. Sta
tiatics of Encampments, the higher branch ot tho
Order ; Number of Encampments, 051 ; number of
initiations, 27f>. ; number of deaths, 220 ; number
tfmmnbeiß number of patriarchs re'ieved,
1902; number ot widows relieved, 93; amount
paid for the relief o patriarchs, $28,171.10; amount
paid lor the relief of widowed lamilies, $3,1! 1 60;
amount paid for the burial of the dead, $5,377 24 ;
amount of annual receipts, $110,156 54. Gross
amount paid for the relief of members (including
patriarchs.) widows, orphans, education and luuu
rah, the munificent sum of $176,955 16.
On Saturday last Hon. Jefferson Davis, Hon. 1? -
ward Everett, the Mayor of Boston, several Aider
men, and a few invited guests, made an excursion
among the islands, and visited some of the places of
interest in Boston harbor. The excursion was com
plimentary to Senator Davis, who is a member of
the Committee on Harbors of the United States
Senate.
Rather High Priced —A. Keene Ric|ards,of
Georgetown, Ky , bas determined to purchase the
celebrated English race horse, Fisherman, <md
bring him to this country. The price to be paid lor
him $30,060.