Newspaper Page Text
BY W. S. JONES.
TERMS.
TEE WEEKLY
CHRONICLE <fc SENTINEL
IS PUBLISHED EYERY WEDNESDAY,
THREE DOLLAR# per Annum;
Oft,
TWO DOLLARS WHEN PAID IN
ADVANCE,
or within THREE MONTHS after the
commencement of the
Subscription.
I o CLUBS cr INDIVIDUALS sanding ue Ten
Oo!Ura, SIX copin fae piper will be pent for one
SIX COPIES FOR TEK DOLLARS,
or a free copy to all who tnaj protore u* Frrfc rob
•ertber*. an* forward the money. RT Tfcepa
per will in no instance he -‘♦‘ut at ’• t*if> rate onles* the
ten DOLLARS ia paid sirxcily in advance Nor viii
parte of a C!ab be reoefted. 71< rkale tiz mvr*
come Lcfrrtk
TtSTcl
DAILY and TRf-WP.CKI.V,
At# also pnbi -"i#d at thi# office. and .RLileci to *nt
eoribrr'’ rst fs.Urwir£ riatci*. namely:
DAILY PAPER, if wot by mail. Hc.vfn IWLf.af
per H*7>urt in advance, and Kicht Doli ak* if
payment b# da!avd rune* mo*th*.
TKIAYKKKLY PAWk F<ur Ik llars in ad .
va.ire, and Five Dom a its if payment be delayed
Jtnfrn for HVf’ilr A*t verf hfn.fiils.
Ordinary advert pudiiaied once a
week *n Daily, Tri-Weekly or Wff kly. £* •.
half cent* pr-r liar, for each ijiwrtir i.
Special Notices, 7>n Crv/x j*r lire <or the f.ii’
Insertion, and Eight C,,t* per line U.r each cmU*
qnent Inwrlien.
A frc Ti'F.MF.NTf, TVa CettU per
lino, for evb hie* rtion.
Markiaoes, Deaths, arid Ftneral Notices
Fifty Certt* each, Obituarh.3, Ten Cent p*
Hi. S. IBIOITT’S
AMMOMATEI) BONE
SOPER-PHOSPHATE
LIM E,
OF TTTR
M OKI A CPKOV El) (} CALI TV.
jV HU 13HT I T l T K
FOR PERUVIAN Wl AND.
L IYTVT YYf* X Y - ’ ,,r i
IjAa.aUJWa <iwiUAi>j
NEW-YORK.
OFFICE HO. 194 WATER STREET,
Adjoining U. S. Hotel.
A FERTILIZER
Producing all the • fumed late effect ofgfhe best Peru
vian Gnan \ without the danger of destroying a crop by
11com dk in contact with lliu uteti and being l&atuig iu
th- noil yearn alter the Gojuio ia exhausted It is pnl
vcrlsed to a line powder, ready lor use. No loss of ume
and labor in breaku g lump*, hereon ng, Ac.
Pho phate Os L me l* the ouly element, In Ouano, or
any other Fertiliser, from which permanent ©fleet can
bo expected, beue# t nt Fertiliser which contain** the
most Phosphate, with a Hufttc oaey of ammonia to pro
duce a.l lb#* fleet that can be had from Ammonia, .•* the
best, Inasmuch a raoro than that la a wan e
N B.—To teat the re -Live valu •of ibis Fertilizer, u*e
la quantity oiul ad other respects hiumi as Peruvian
Ouano.
I*a kod ina'roag tt.'ffs ofl.vj pound.*. Barrels ave ago
m pound* each
My flnper-Phoflphftt'i of Llrno is not au experiment
Four years’ trialofittP"*ja’lktml*of Crop* and Rods.
La* proved its vaine each year, and that it ia ot tmitortn
quadtv.
Try it side by TUo with No I Peruvian Guano upon ail
your crops, aud sea w t irh is cheapest, safest and muet
laatiug A* i TCM* PUK.4SINO up<m Grain or Grass
eariy In the Spr n?. if. “ tv ill pay.”
Cert ideates, da’ off from tue dr year of the introdu -
lion of my Penttifter, aot> year since, might b* abided ;
but tho noet satisfactory Certificate is for every Farmer
to try It tor hanself
Mold by tb ‘b alers in Agricultural Implements in
the uty, and At l--* Wv >t stivot, corner Dey atreut
PRICE $45 PER TON
OF SOOO LBS.
A Discount made to buyers of
Five Tons or more.
Fur Direction*, /me'yarn end Certificates* aaaFampb
let, soul trso up>n application to ihe Proprietor.
L S. 11011\
191 Water at., N. Y.
(CAUTION.—Observe that every Bag and bar--
re lof Hoy is Super-phosphate of Lime i* t>:auded n
above de.-tiguated. ONH OTlIKkt In GENI INB.
N. B —Elide Island, nr Pacific Ocean GUANO, No. 1
Peruvian and Colombian GITA no, GROUND BONE,
POUDKB rTB, and PLASTER, for sale in any quanti
ty, and at lowea f prtee. or SO-wf
LOOKJIKRK.
Farmers. i'i.mliTs and Kcejiars !
HORSES.
4 ‘Keep your fiorids in Good Condition..*
IIEIVITSIIS
CSIII VEGETABLE M Hill
rpil g , x *.r vir;ius<>f the ce’pbrated GER
-1 MAN UDRSBPOWDBR are attested by thousands
who have usc*<i It It is composed ot Vegetable Roots
and Hert, and is highly recommended lor the cure aud
prevention ot all thoseoisoiuh s to which thatauima —the
Horse—is subject: a . Distemper, Hue-bound, Drowsi
ness, Loss of Appetite, tn a-ar.i Sprains, Yellow Water,
Fatigue ram hard exercise or work, lull animation ot th*
Kyea, Debility, Waning of Flesh &c. It carries off ail
gross humors, prevent. from becoming siitf or
ftvnndered, puril'.rs and c -ols ♦he blood, and improves
their general coo r Kt‘. The co"%tantl> incrca-ing de
mand for this colebr.it<*d ‘ liORMB MEDICINE is one
of those nnniisiakeaLle pro : of ire worth lu case* nt
Hide-bound. Ijoss of ppetlte. Drowsiness Fatigue,
Distemper. Inflammation of the Eyes. It improves the
condition of the Skirt; impart* a tine glossy v >at of
Hair ;itis a untvwrKu C.'U'hti.m Powder Farmer* and
Planters should not l>e without this valuable Powder.
tcr*aie,w ... .i ton HHINfTSII.
Columb R. S C.,
and by
PLUMB & LEITNER,
WaolttMle au.l KeUU Drunts, Au,-o.u. 6*.
SPBISGIEEkPLUfiTiI
FOE SALK.
IOFFKR * r uaie my PLAN TaTION la the 4th
district oftiarlv conaty.cooUini'g 9.k) roes, more
or levs, of oak and hickory Land. A ‘mu on-', ha.t ■'! The
above Plantation Lin cultivation. God fa mod Negro
Houses, and othar buddings, on me place. Perms a
easy as can boa -keif.
anvJiMwi w3m J TERRELL CRAWFORD.
FOR SALE.
I OFF Bit tor .ai \ private J. my FARM cn Lime
JL Creek, Moatgoraery county. ,\K, containing e gtu
bnndreo and iv-rtt ai i v-•• -f;i>o !•> slough and
Hanvruwk Lands, adjoioirg the lau i.’ .■*. l>r. T B. Pay
lor, Henry Luca*, Mrs. Charles, and • T;ier.* is
anew and well finished framed Dwei : , with four
mmm, MM Wis !|, *• ac 4 nrr- r t au.t a
wdl ot the be-i ir t ne >.. ‘ •’ 1 • :
stables mn’.e -helters. mad cabu.s tor . t or 4J u* gr. *
with two we ls of w ter a*, a o niw.ue .; di. tance. a
new frame gin house and screw. 1 fare hun.ire*l and
forty or fifty a. res cf t e above U scr.bcd Farm “
claaret and \a a high s.a , e cfcultivatian, t o balance i>
woodland. On the Faria is one cf ihe l*est Arte.-u
Wel.s in the country. The seU.e;uout is sr ndr land
and one of the hea’.tclest places in the county, ten o
vwoivo tniiea from CUMt’s Depot on the M >nt^ emery a
West Point KaiiixMi-i Yo w.te will relinquish her doe
er to the Land j nh : _w * \ M VM>N .-OnEk-
COTTON FAN!
IHAYK a poiavwi THOMAS TußiN, of tht
City of uxy Sole Age t for the sale o
Rights for the manufacture aud nsot my COTTON
FaN for staies. Counties, or miividaais in the bU’.v
of South ia, a and F.oruia. The a#o
the above Fan is to clean Cotton of -and, dirt and heavy
trash, previous to its be ng .t incd
TUGS. OLIVER, Patentee.
Yazoo City Mississippi
-1088 IfI.MV LIMIS
SALE.
rrUE subaoribor otters for c vac following proper
X ty. vis: A aal conveuiem DWELLING
with outbuilding*, a splendid garden, orchard ot chokx
trait trees, Ac., and thirty sev*a acres of laud attached,
on the Powder Springs n and, smi e.> from Marietta, am
4 from the Geo g’a M tary Institute.
▲lso, a PLAN i’A 4 ION near by, contaming Six Hua
drvd and tea acres, eai-ed ; about one hundred an.
eixtv acres nett bottoms seventy of which v
cleared and is cultivation, uo the p ate ate N.gr*
Cabins Barns. Gin House, Screw. Ac., ic Icctmiie.
tton with tae abrrn I will a’ c sell. 1- or 14 nke.y Nl.
GR >ES, several MULES and HOUSES, CAITA 1
HOGS, CORN, FODDER, OATS. Ac . Ac,
Terms: >ne third cah, balaace In one wia two years
*w ith interest from Ist January )Y\ER
Jyolwtf Mar ietta, Ga.
*.* The Coluzabn Enquirer and
Sen tine, will pnhiish the above weekly, tili t ‘rbid, anc
send a paoer ontaiu.ng the same to R- W• Nt
■VEXAS LANDS ! TEXAS LANDS !
\a \ j vAA .U Kh 1 * OK LAND in Lasteru i’ez
(j;,UUU m boav,iy Timbered, and well adap;
ts the culture cf Cotton and Grain, p xaessdng th
auTaui ot P ur ® waw ‘ r * health, and coavenieac
tjjßaiir tads, already eadinv to both Shrevei
port .n.i 1 ‘"** ri * r - “ and wL! ** •“ k
Tnr.it
, V 1 Smith -..nntifi Also 7.000 A<7 la M.
J.n>r.*n an 1 .j. . . .
Ot.haod oottu t,, eve m..es •'< tbe count.,
,;te Hlofwt)"J tr.itM Soli low wreath, or Nafroe
will botatten nt paymrut, at a cash vahiatioa alao. cl
Pianu ton* Will oatakou m eachaugc trom
when deared, * matter ot nccommoOaiton, at a is..:
valuation. .
All coannanicationa, add reused to me at AuguU Qt
or Woodvule, Green ceua.y, will receive prompt alter
tton
Personal iaterviews are prfferred. a* ! have in m)
pnseaioa late :atp of toe State of Texa*. and “tree*
paper” piatu of tae Lauds offered —also, a fu 1
tion and hiatory of evrrv coaoty in the Stare, up to th
present year, l&e. j MRS M. DAVISON,
. Land Agen% Augusta, Ga.
August 11, 85(j. dlwAwti
BREED” PEACHES WANTED.
riVHK ighst cwh ],r.cc4p; Q forDKlia> l-KA lit.
A k, y„ „ „ A. P BEEKS,
t pa-w2m C .mmi-sinp Mrchnt. Bnhd-.t
i-OST.
ONE NOTE OB Milchet V. ,ic.cn, for •S9£ 52, povab
to James Fagan or hearer, given January 1, 185
and du ona day a, ter date All pet -on. are hereby nt
tided sot to pay the aame to any une but myieif
mrd WM. HANNAH
BUSINESS GAUDS.
M. H. TALBOT,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CTjriM. practice in the ( ood, Bnrkl
War et> VS’ilk<-s and L nco:n, o; the Northern Cir
Office io Const tnticna’ist Range, Aoguata, Ga.
SHEWMAKE & CARTER,
ATTOBXETS AT LAW. ADGI'sTA, GA.,
ViriLL pra-t!i-e in Copirto*whip to Bnrke *nd
V s - lii Lu u‘ vJiaiiCß the City tha&kfuii)
e, cr j JOR!V T BHBWMAKE,
r.c ( ( ’]• fg() C> C4lTfc>
JOHN MJU.EPOF., JOHN MILLFDOJC, Jr
MILLEDGE & MILL EDGE,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Augusta, Ga.,
Airil.r. at lend with do. a-.h ad fidelity to all boab
ty-orn e in Bruadar-et, time daora b*’ the
Mv... Bark. septS*sß
M. C. JONES,
ATIOIi NK Y A T I. A W
PALM FT TO* CiKOltfilA,
Wil 1 *trict attention to th* Collect j>n of Claims of
ailh-nda sepWflfl-ly
S- ANSELL Sl GLASS.
A TTOHNKYSAT LAW, Crvingtoo. Geo., prae
f\ ti. -7 1 tb -iountie* ot Newtoo, Henry, Mpaldiog
i I’ike, Monroe* l p-cu, Butt* ar t Ja.aper, and wi l give
i prompt a tuition t.> any to their care.
ANDREWS & ANDREWS,
ATTORNEYS AT I aw, Washington, Georgia,
Wil: practice in all t.jnnlit*.ii of the N >rtLem
Circuit, aj and in Cos umb aoftbe Middle
GAH.vKrr Akorkws Sr. | Gaksevt Andiews, Jr.
Auynat 26fh, 1353* ly
KING & LEWIS,
ATTORNEYS AT I.AW, ORMENESBOBO’.OA.
rilll E uu Icraigueil. ltavinp avvu-'nted tbrmseWca to
1 gotber iltlbe PRACTICE t:K LAW. will attend to
a.i to., e-.vru ord t ■ th, irearc. With t int prou.ptueafc
. White
Plai’ *. Green county, Geo Y. P KING.
M W l/ .v 111
j. ‘s.pTpowell
CiOLfUITfrR IN EQUITY, ATTORNEY AND
. - ■. ‘
Ringgold, yette. Sammenrille, Rome, CaasviUe,
Cr :h -.it. DaiP n, f-ud Spriu : Place. Office in .Spring
P\xlc4‘, Gerj.
fiprftuir I‘lftc**. Ga.. May ft. 1836. mvft-ly
EDWARD A. cHLIi,
\TTORNBY AT LAW, Augusta. Gcv :
faithfully attend to mII buaineKH confided to his ca
In th • • iurta of the Middle Circuit. Office with the
Hon. Wo. Gibson, corner of Broad and Campbell him.
THOMAS yJ. *CABANISS ; ~
ATTOIiNKY AT LA W, Forsyth, Ga., will prompt
ly attend to all business entrusted to Lis manage*
rarnt in the eoustiej of Monroe, Bibb, Butts, Crawford.
Jonea. P ka, upadtag andffpanu t \!* > dtf
LAW CARD.
THOS. M. BERRIES. 5 MALCOLM D. JOSES.
1 j KRKISh <fc JONES practice Law in the Court*
If of the M|ddl” Circuit of 0-* rgia, and in he Su
preme and Federal Courts. Office in Waynesboro
Burke county, Ga
Waynesboro ’ March 17, IP'*S. mh'l7-dAw
J. W. PRiTCHBTT.
Attorney atlj.wv. fair mount, ga., wii
pay prompt attention tt the collcet-oo of claims In
Gordon, C:u;s Whitfield, C/herokee, Pickens, Gilmer
an ! Murray counties.
Refer to Messrs J. A. dr. 8. Erwin, Oartersvllle, Ga.;
Bains, Camp A-. Cos., Calhoun, Ga.; Bogle r ’•held, Fair
Mount (U. ian’W-ly
UAj.'VfiV McLBSTiSH,
A TTOKNIiV AT 1/AW, Bastrop, Ha*iron conn
ty, Tm, w t, give particular attention to the col
. >.> th>; prosecu
tion ot claimp against the State for Lands iu coj3idera
tion of military services in Texas; the inv63tii(atiOD of
land titis; procuring patents; buying and selling lands,
aud ali budiaeaa pertaining to the profession of an At
to. aiey.
T ie f ra to R L. Story, Irwinton, Ga ; Win. Sr. James
McLestrr, Jefferson, Jackson^coant y, (>a.: Wn. Wool*
v. m. P Chilton,
TiiKlcrgee, Ala. decH’s7-ly
w'. jT'pbeples,
A TTDR.SKY AT LAW, Lnwrencevillc, Georgia.
J\ The old tit ui of C. A W. J. Peeples having beer,
dissolved by mutual consent.
W. J. PKKPLK.S will contlnne the practice in Gwio
nette, Hall, Haberaham, Jackson, Forsyth, and adjoin
♦ng c< motion. oet29-57-tw I y
O. R. STHOTHER,
4 TTOKNKY AT LAW, Ltacolnton, Ga., wil
i practice iu tho counties of Lincoln, Wilkea, Hlbcr
;Lj J Columbia. All business outran ted to him, will re
ceive prompt and unremitting attention.
janH-’SH-ly
D. B. McCEAW,
A TTOKNEY AT LAW Chamtors
■ biven to col
k -.viouM in every part of the State. Information, an to
parties,'jivo: promptly, withoutchafge. ww#
GSOSGB T.-B t, RNS3,
UJtNKY AT LAW* Office in WarrenHl >c>
GEC. W. MANDBLL,
A S TO RISKY AT LAW. WayncshorOj Ga. K
A for-.to Mcmir-. A. J. &T. W. Miller ,*t Aagovt
ana Jfesfrrs. Wai’d A Owens, cf Ba\ans*rdi,
mgVftb-dg&wtf .
L. D. IaALLSHSTEDT,
\TTOItNILY AT LAW, Aoguata, Ga. Office is
. the Pity Bark. fnbSO-W
JOHN H. HULL,
Ai T JStNKY at Law, Augusta, Ga. Office iu Broad
street, lu Masonic Hall building. janl-57
HESTS E~’A*”'AKEK'M AJSf, ’
ATTORNEYS AT LAW, Elberton, Ga —UOIiT.
HESTER ami AMOS T. AKEUMAN w;il practice
la partnership in the countied of Libert, Hart. Franklin,
Madison, Oglethorpe and Lincoln. bet3p46
H
Tirjl. HRENN K. manufacturer of FRENCH
YY BURK. MILL STONES, ?.nd Dealer in KSQPUfe
and CALOGNE STONES, Broad street, above the Up
per Market, Augusta, Ga.
|Orders solicited and punctually attcmled to.
fauß-'sßly
SAMUEL SWAN Ac CoT^
IOTTERY MANA(;KIts, H4NKERH AND
J Dealers iu F.xcbasige, Uacurrcct M ny and Specie,
lu me Augusu Uotol liaildiug, liroa ! street, Augusta
” Office hours from f. A. M to 10 P. M.
Daily Papers on ffia from all the principal citiei; Tele
graphic roimrta of latest dates*. Reading Room iroo t
t*.veUcr and the public. Ail are invited to call.
Tickets iu the r Georgia Lot teries, from efi to S2O.
aug*2t>
S. P. ’smlth”, OF NEWAR K.
A LARGE stock of Smith’s Newark VARNISHES
/jL always cn hand at the lowest ffgures. These Var
uishes are acknowledged to be at the “head of the list”
iu regard to quality. All per sous wishing to purchase,
wo.ild do woii before going elsewhere, to call on
Jylß\i7 PLUMB - LEITNER.
IRQ N AND BRASS FOUNDRY,
Augntta, Or,
HHillT Jk MAC MURPHY continue the above
. bai i>c?>k at the old stand, near the Factory. Will
be ihankin’ for orders for a", k’ndsof Iron and Brass
CASTINGS or for MACHINERY Lu general.
tanl.V.VMr
JETNA INSURANCE COMPANY, OF HART
FORD.
INCORPORATED IN 16lSh— 4JH ARTER PERPETI’AL.
Cah Capital, £ 1,<<00,000.
iNHUKE acuinsr loss and damage by FIRE, on terms
adapted to the hazard, and consistent with the laws
of compensation. JOHN G. SLEDGE,
Agent lor ths* State of Georgia, and for all places where
au agency is not already estaMlahed. antr^i
SAVANNAH RIVER LAND
FOR S-A-ILE
TIIS VNDRKSI|jaiKD offers for sale, his PLAN-
I TATION, lying three tail* l ? below Barksdale's Fer
ry, on the Navam-ah River in Liuocln county. Geo, con
taining twelve hundred and three acre**, ix hundred
and ninety seres ,f which s now iu cultivation, and of
one hundred is gx>d river bottom and between
two hundred and fifty aud three t.unbred fresh cleared.
There i be* we* n three hundred and fear hundred acres
of woodland. The place very well improved, has a
comfortable Dwelling, a good Gin House and Screw
‘nd all necessary out buildings, with a never-falii .g
\V. 11 of fir;t rate water in the yard.
More particularlar description ileemed u necessary
n this advertisement.fi Persons wi.-hlng to buy are re
que.t.Hi to me aud examine for themselves 1 am
*nxiott-< tu sell, for the purpose of removing westward,
and will hold out inducements to eu ap roved rnrchaae*-.
JAMES L. HEGUiE.
Liuco n Geo , 1808. auglfiwtf
v<“ A bbevil-e Banner wl’l copy until ordered stop
ped. and forward bill to this office
BANKS) BANKS LANDS’ LANDS!!
A Is v K<wK quantity of tbe best Pltctiag and Farm
a\. lm? LANDS in southern Georgia, aad eiaewbere, in
Tracts )f 250 to 2,000 acres to suit purchaser*. Also,
len to dtteeii beasues of select TexssLaadi, with clear
Itles, Is no'w offering at very low rates at tbe the Georgia
Land Office, in Augusta.
BUla of tbe Augasta, Savannah. Athens, and tbe
Jbarleston and Hamburg suspected Banks, wil b# ta
ken in payment at par vi ne. N•grata will be taken al
io. and the ’uigfceet ca>h prices allowed.
Person* desirous of forming settlements, or making
safe inves'uients, will find it to taeir interest to call at
>nr Office, Warren Range, Augu -ta, Ga.
JAMBS M DAVISON,
Land Agent and Beal Relate Broker.
oeil7-dlwAwtf
Idlest moles rr
as been my them * for these mary days. I
I am devoted to my ccnsti neLti and to tb* trade.
Having raarrieti me a wife and bongtt a Farm. I cannot,
convenient iy. be with y u th * winter. M * ycung
Tends Acnpp and Mcßride, will be on hand Ist Jaau
arv withs.xty o and MULES, for mv cn'Umers. I
beertnlly rv orametxd tfcf ma* being ENTIRELY RE
LIABLE. Any tavors extended to them w*H be duly
Appreciated by GEORGE T. ALLMAX.
* occSw4t
CAHROL'I’ON
MASONIC INSTITUTE.
JOHN K. LEAK, A. 8.. President.
1’ HE next Term of this Institution will open on the
1 fils; WEDNESDAY to JANUARY, It is in
it! lurching each. n. numbering hundred students
-he first year. 1- L* a ‘reive Bu Idlngsulsa able Faeul
ty. The course of st d.-Utian- nsb. embracing all that
•* nuSy taught in ihe Si, sad Feuiaie Cc 1 eges. The
ewlety, waleraud heslihftiineps of the locality are un
(nrpasred In I'M.- a B ard, er per month ; Tuition,
re.t-oaxoie. For mrther particulars, sddreas the Pres:
dent w M MERRELL. W. M.
J.T HEADER, 8 W.
B. M LONG, J VV
Carrollton. Georgia. 0ct..485*. octlT w3m
DROPSY CURED.
rHK nu*MiFd prop o *** lo OURS DROPSY of
every desrr.ptiou. He csa be seen personally five
aues tooth of Union Point, or *direed by letter to
•nion Po nt, Greece county, Gs. The Medicme can
* sen: anywhere by railroad, with direction, for
riving it; or. I Will attend personal,y, if reqnesi
d, and paid for my trouble. I will bay begroes
touted with Dropsy, or cure then, as the owner E '*f
ireter. Sauamruory refcreacey:ivn
lute of Qte>r std. Greene county :
This la to certify that my lather h*d a negro pan ai
iicttsi with Dropsy in 1853; he had been treated by se
•enl phyicians without any cure, when he appLed to
A G. Broome tor his remedy, which cared him. He is
till living, and in good health.
Jan. 21, 1858, HESRY CHAMPION.
Union Point. Greene *o., April 7,1858.
ap9*w:ianrs9
PLANTATION BROGANS.
OrRCH dL* ROBERT have just rec ived a large
’I stock <*f Black and Russet, Single and Du able bole
3RO-yANB for plantation wear. Also Death
r BOOTS, w.ih and without heel** Editable for house
ervants. Call and see .hem.
BURCH A ROBE \
Opposite the Adams Express Oifioe,
Broad street, Augusta, Ga.
(fkoratlt & Sentinel.
o
(iOVEKNOKS’ MESSAGE.
Kxeccttve Dkpartjjert. /
HiuiDotTiLLl, 3,1K58. $
t'e.l.HC Citizens 0/ tU Senate
and House of Representatives:
l nfft*rd* uie much pleasure to be- able to etato
bat the liuaacial cooait on of the corn.try i gre'ly
improved B IK:. t . ailjourittii. lit of yonr lius: OMiioo.
l*revi OH to that time, the commercial crista, agtrra
▼a <-i by a gcueral suapens on of specie payment
by the lia&ti < f many of the States, including most
oi ibe bank- of tbiß Mate, attended by distrust and
I.j.s of i: nfido ce, hat! depr. ssed the spirits of our
P pic, nd seriously affeoted all tlie gteat interests
. f our State.
DlMi> HKD B*SITING
Ou the ibid day of December las . both brancliea
of the General Asietnbly passed, by a constitutional
major.ty, witii ut Executive sanction, an act cn
titled ••an act 11 pr .vide against the forfeiture of the
several bank charters in this 8 ate, on account of
non-specie payment for a given time, and for other
purpose* therein named.” This act made it the
djty t f the (lovcrnor to withhold proceedings under
he act oi 1840, f.r the forfeiture cf the charter* of
such banks til this State as had violated the law. and
were in a st .te of suspension until the 15th day of
this present month, or til! the happening of certain
o n inueucies mentioned iu tbe act.
la view, doubtless, of the great imposition prac
it,-d upon the jaeople by the banks, in taking from
them usury under 1 ne name of exchange, aud other
wise, toe usual)'law* of tics State, sofar as appli
cable to banks. wire changed by the eighth aud
ninthhectiou of eaid act; by which it is made ille
gal fur any bank or bank agency, by itself, its ofli
cers, or ageii s, directly or indirectly, to loan money
at a greater rate of interest than 7 |>er cent, per an
num, and at tliut rate only for a longer or shorter
tune ; or to discount or purchase notes, papers or
evidences of debt at a greater discount than 7 per
cent, per annum. And all notes, tills, drafts and
eon r.-.c so: every sort whatever, taken for money
loaned at <1 greater ra'e of interest than 7 per cent,
as well as a 1 notes, paper* and evidences of debt
ctsocnm el or purchased in vio atiouot said act, are
declared to be uiteriy null aud void, and irrecover
able in law.
The tenth section of the act regulates the per ct.
which a bank limy receive for exchange, when its
own bill* are tendered at its counter 111 payment
therefor, by a citizen of 11m State.
The sections containing these provisions were
doubt.ess inserted in the act for the purpose of pro
tecting the people against the usurious nud exorbi
tant exact ons of the hanks, And to prevent, fc* far
as possible, violations ot toe act, in the particulars
aho.erefeiTcd to, it is enacted bythe eleventh sec
tion, that, -The atlidavit of bank officers to their
annual and scinsannual reports, shall, in a'l cases,
state that the hank ot which they are officers, has
nut, by itself, its ©Hirer* or agents, in any particular,
violated the provisions of this act.” And the
twelth scefon makes the offence perjury, sholthl
hank officers swear ialsely in making tiicir reports
tiy requiring of bank officers the solemn guaranty
of au oath, under heavy penal sanctions, that the
law has net been violated by them, the legislature
no doubt believed they had protected the people
against such il egal practices in future.
Although I withheld my sanction from the act on
account. f other objectionable feature* ill it, and ou
account of the doubts I ou ertained as t) the con
stitutionality of portions of it, I have no doubt but
that sucli portions of the act as prohibit the taking of
usury by the batiks, and regulate the manner of
inak ng thc.r annual and semi-annual reports, which
apply alike to all banks in the Sta’e, arc both con
sum ionul and expedient. Entertain ug these views,
ou tae Ist day of Jane last I ts-ued mv proclamation,
calling on the banks to make their returns accord
ing to law audio comply with said eleventh Ber
th,n of the act of 2id December, 1857. As this act
liad been passed by the log stature mainly for the
re] es of the suspended banks, aud at the earnest
solicitations of their frieacs, 1 had reason, in com
mon w.thall law-abiding citizens of the State, to
suppose that they would reuder cheerful obedience
to all i's requirements. It is with much regret,
however,that 1 have to state to the legislature, thut
bv far the greater number of die banks whose sus
pension lout been thus legalized, and whose chart
ers lmd been so recently relieved from liability to
forfeiture, in open violation of the statute passed for
their re u-f. as well us all the banks in the State
which had not suspended, ti tier neglected or opun
tv to obey the taw, ami make their returns
11s directed bythe positive madate of the statute;
thereby [ilHciii),’ tlioiiuelves in a position cf tit fiance
to the constitutional authorities of the State.
Xn this sta'o oft lings lisstted my proclamation a*
required by law. publishing the names of such de
linquent banks, and uoti ying the Treasurer of this
State that their bills would not be received in pay
ment of taxes, or of any debt due the State or the
Central bank, until they should comply with the
laws and make their r. turns as directed by the
et itutes ; and this they have hitherto neglected to dc.
It .8 evident, tile efure, that the penalty of excluding
their b 1 s trout the Treasury, which is the only pen
aty now preset,bed by law for a failure to make
their returns, is not sufficient to compel obedience
to the requirement jof the statutes. D .uUtleas some
of the banks have made more by taking usury, and
by disregarding in other respects the act of the ‘-hid
of December last, than they have lost by suffering the
present penalty for not making returns in accord
ance with existing laws.
Kor the purpose ot compelling these corporations
to yield obedience to tho law iu future, I respectful
ly recommend that a penalty for disobedience be
increased, aud iu addition to the penally already
prtaeribtd, that a tex of two per cent a month upon
tlto whole amount of the capital stock mentioned
in the charter of each delinquent bank, lie levied
and coll, ettd iu gold aud silver, for the entire time
dui it n which unv Bueh bank may in future remain
in a smte of disobedience, and fail to make its re
turns ns directed by the statues. There can be no
just reasons why wealthy corporations f.hould be
permitted at their pleasure touetthe law at defi
ance, while individuals are compelled to suffer rigo
rous penalties tor its violation. The trianda f es of
the law should bo obeyed as promptly bi and implicitly
by the most influential and wealthy as hv the poor
est and most needy. This is Republican equality,
and our people should be content with nothing less.
No sooner had the aot of 2f!d of December, 1857,
been pasted,than the banks, forgetful of their promi
ses to exoand their circulation, to discount freely
aud relieve the country, refused to discount notes,
however good, when offered to them iu a legitimate
course ot banking business, or to extend accommo
dations to any except, perhaps, to a favored few,such
as cotton-tuyere and other speculators. Merchants
and others compelled to have Northern exchange,
were generally unable to obtain it for lees than
three per cent. The price of cotton declined, and
monetary distress became general throughout the
State. , , ,
The banks having thus abused the generous con
fidence reposed in them by the legislature, contin
ued io enjoy the benefits ot the suspension long
after the banks of the great cities of the North and
West had resumed specie payment, and until the
just indignation cf an injured people, expressed
through the public press, by public meetings aud
otherwise, became so prevalent that they felt com
pelled by fear of future consequences, to retrace
their steps and curtail the speculation they other
wise would have made out of the suspension. ’I hey
therefore prepared to resume on the Ist day ot May
last; thus admitting by their resumption six months
in advance of the time fixed by thetstatute, that no
such necessity as they represented to the legisla
ture ever did exist for the passage of the aot, A
gentleman of great ability and worth, who is at the
head of one ot tbe mc*t important and influential
banks in the State, in hie report in May last, white
apologising for the suspension, and referring to the
fact that the legislature had giveu time till the 15th
of November, says : “Our banks, impatient under
the supposed odium of suspension, resolved to re
sume on the Ist of the present month,” (May) It
is a fair inference, therefore, that the banks would
have coutiuued the suspension till the time fixeo by
the aot for them to resume, but for the pressure of
pubiio opinion, and their impatience ‘ under the
supposed odium of suspension: Public 1 pinion
having thus compelled the banks to resume before
the time fixed by tue statute, and the crisis having
passed, we, as rational men, should learn wisdom
bv experience, and try to provide as far aspcs. tble
against abuses of their privileges by these corpora
tions in future.
1 presume it will not be denied by any one, that
we have erred bv a too liberal and unguarded grant
of corporate powers qud privileges to moneyed
monopolies. And it is believed that a future ex
tension of this policy would soon enable these mo
nopolies to control the government of Georgia and
make the people the subjects of their power. It is
already claimed by some, that they now have the
power, by combinations and the. free use of large
sums ot money, to control the political conventions
and elections of r.ur Slate, and in this way to crush
thise who may have the independence to stand by
tit* rights cf the people in opposition to their ag
gressive power. I trust that tbe bold, independent
and patriotic people ct Georgia may never be com
pelled to bow tbe neck in subjection to the yoke
thus intended to be imposed by the corporate pow
ers of the State. Iret it. not be forgotten, however
by those wi o have watched with anxiety the grow
ing power of corporate influence, that the price of
ftepublicau liberty is perpetual vigilance.
Th* ciopetary and commercitd afl iirs of tbe coun-
try mu I remain subject to panics, un
der heavy pressure*, qt certain, if not frequent in
tervals, as long as our prseen,* banking system is
continued with its enormous powers gnd privileges,
which have been enlarged and extended by legis
lative enactment, chartering new banks from year
to yea. The people should take this subject into
serious consideration, and pronounce upon it a
calm and deliberate judgment. Every intelligent
person must admit that it is impossible for a bank
having a paper circulation ttgee times as large as
the amount of its specie, to redeem tU its bills in
specie on demand. Should all its bills be presented
fur payment at any one time, and the specie be de
manded, it can then redeem but one-ibird cf them.
In tna£ ease, if the bank has sufficient assets, or
property, the other two thirds may possibly not be
au ultimate loss, bus payment must be delayed un
til the money can be realised by a disposition of
taoee assets anrt property, which may not he till the
end of a lcsgtby and “uncertain litigation. It is
clear, therefore, that our present paper currency is
not a currency convertible, at ali times, into gold
and silver, upon presentation ; aud that only one
third of it, should payment be demanded on all a
ote time, can, in the nature of things, be so con
vertible sc long as the banks issue three dollars in
paper for iue in com.
In my judgment, uo paper currency is safe which
is not so regulated a* to oe at all timee readily con
vertible into gold and stiver It is true, our people
by a sort of common consent, receive the bills of the
bonk* and use them as money, though in reality
they reM upou no solid specie basis. But sad expe
rience has Uaght us that such a circulating medium
subjects the oocnirjr [o panic at the first breath of
distrust or suspicion, which may be produced by the
tailors of a single bank having a large circulation
and extensive connections with other bank*, and
may widen and *xtend| to the prostration of toe
credit of the whole country. Such a currency,
having no solid specie basis, can be available only
so long as tbe community will consent to receive
promisee to pay money in placed'money itself
Tbe people take from the bank* their bills as
money. Tbe Banks receive interest, and often ex
change upon them. W ben required to redeem their
bib* in specie, they suspend, if they choose to do
t*o and then. if an attempt is made to coerce pay
ment in specie, they resist it, holding a rod over the
people by threatening to make them pay upon a
specie basis debts contracted by them for the bills
of the banks, notwithstanding those bills, when
they received them, rested on a basis of only one
third specie. The high prerogative of exercising
banking privileges, and of issuing their own notes
or bills t > be circulated as money, cot resting upon
any eoiid specie basis, is secured to the banks under
our present system of legislation, as an exclusive
right, while the exercise of similar privileges upon
like terms is denied to alt individual citizens of the
State by stringent penal enactments.
The privilege of using their own notes as money,
gives to the favored few who enjoy it, immense ad
vantages over tneir fellow citiaens, and may often
enable the managers of these corporations to amass
great wealth by tbeir high salaries and large profits.
It may, however, be said that many of the stock
holders are widows and orphans ; that the stock is
in the market tor all, and that the dividends are
not greater than the profits realised from other in
vestments. This may be admitted. Indeed, it
seems in practice to be generally true, that corpo
rate privileges do not result so much to the benefit
of the mase of stocknoldera as to the benefit of the
few who manage the corporation. To estimate
correctly the profits made oat of the people by those
engaged in banking we most not only count the
dividends of Sevan, eight or ten per cent, distribu-
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 10, 1858.
ted among the stockholders, but we must also take
into the account the hanking houses, real estate
and other proprty purchased out of the profits of
the back and held by the corporation. Besides, we
should consider a reserved fund of two. three or
four hundred thousand dollars, made up of accumu
lated profits, and often kept back by our larger
banks and twit distributed among the stockholders,
together with the high salaries 01 ail the officers of
the bank, which must be paid before any dividends
are distributed. These sums, though made out of
the people by the hanks, are not semi annually
divided among the stockholders To these, add atl
sums paid to attorneys, ageots. Ac., and ali amoun's
oet by detanking agents, which, while they cannot
be set down as profit* of the corporation, sicca
neither it* officers proper nor its stockholders are
henefitted thereby, are still sums of money which,
under the workings of the system, are drawn by
the corporation from the pockets of the people.
To ail tins add the large sums lost almost every
year on account ( f broken hanks, whose oifis are
left worthless in the hands of the people, who have
paid full price for them as money. Aud take into
the account tbe further fac’ thst tbe State, in 1848
aud 1849, issued $515,000 of her bonds to meet Ser
liabilities on account of the Central Bank, $240,-
00(1 of which are eti i outstanding. Aed toat in
1855, she issued S4S 530 of bonds to pay her indeb
tedness on account of tbe Darien Bank, which are
still unpaid, making $288,500 of bonds on account
of these two banks, which still remain a portion of
the public debt, the interest upon which is paid an
nually onto: the taxes of the people—and we may
fore some estimate of the amounts which the
people of Georgia have pc it and continue to pay
in taxes ana suffer in losses to sustain the banking
system.
Again, in many instances, those who control the
corporation may have great advantages in being
able, if they choose, 10 obtain such acc munedatk ns
as they may deßire, by the use of its funds, when a
favurah e opportunity for speculation occur*. The
dividends paid to stockholders are, therefore, no
proper criterion by which to judge of the advan
tages of the corporatirn to those who hold its offices
and control ear manage its capital and its opera
tions ; or of the sums lo*t by the people on account
of the workings of the system.
ihus far I have discussed this question upon the
supposition that the liabilities do not exceed three
dollars for every one of specie actually on hand in
the banks to meet and satisfy them. This supposi
tion is more favorably to many of the banks than
tacts will justify. Tbe law of their charters only
requires that their liabilities shall not exceed three
dollars for every one of capital stock actual
ly paid in, and not throe dollars for every
one of specie on hand to meet those liabili
ties. As au illustration of the error of our
our present legislation in incorporating banks, sup
pose tbs amount otthe capi's.l stock of the bank tie
limited by the chatter to $500,000. which is to be
p id in, iu gold and silver, by the stockholders. The
charter then provides that the liabilities of the bank
aaall at no time exceed three times the amount ot
the capital stock actually pa and in. The stockhol
ders pay in the $500,000, in gold and silver The
director of the bank may then, without any viola
tion of the letter of tbe charter, incur liabilities
against the bank to any amount that does not exceed
$1,500,000; aud that too without any obligation on
their part to keep in their vaults the SSOO 000 actu
ally paid in, or a like sum. If they Bliould take out
$400,000 of their specie and invest it iu real estate
or other property, leaving but SIOO,OOO of Bpecie in
the vaults, they may still contract debts to the
amouut of a million and a half, and may point in
triumph to the language of their charter, and to the
fact that the $500,U00 of capital stcck was once ac
tually paid in, as their authority for so doing.
This bank leg station of cur State does not seem
to have been ell understood by our people They
have generally believed that our banks, by the let
ter ot iheir charters, were required to have on ban ft
at ell times an amouut of specie one third as large
as the entire amount o 1 their liabilities. The backs
have understood the matter very differently, and
have not only claimed, but exercised the right when
they regarded it their interest, to extend their lia
bilities tar beyond three dollars for every one of ape
oieaclual you hand to meetthosel abilities. Byex
minatiuii of their returns made to this Department in
Oct., 1857, it will be seen that at the time of the late
suspension of our banks in Augusta and Savannah,
the liabilities of oue of them for bills in > irculation
aud individual deposits, exceeded thirteen dollars
for every oue dollar of both specie and bills of other
banks w hich it then had on hand. Another had only
one dollar iu specie in its vaults for every 15 doilais
of ita liabilities for biJla in circulation and deposits.
Another ha i not one dollar in specie for every seven
of liability for bilie in circulation and deposits ; j nd
another had on!y one dollar in apecie for every
eleven doilais of its lie b lities of the character men
tioned above. It is true these batiks had other as
sets, but those assets were not money. The ques
tion naturally suggests itself, how can such a cur
rency be convertible into gold and silver—the
money of the constitution — on demand or presents
tiou ? How can a batik with fifteen dollars 0! cash
liabilities for every dollar in epecie, or even es five
dollars for one, pay its liabilities prompt y on de
mand ! It is impossible. And how can its bills be
justly considered as a circulating medium, or as
money, if it cafinot redeem them promptly on de
mand ?
In consideration of all the impsrfeotiona and
abuses of our present banking system, I am of
opinion that we should do all iu our power to bring
about ita complete reformation, and if this be not
possible, we should abandon it entirely. I am the
advocate of no harsh measure that would either
violate the legal rights of the present corporations,
(however unwisely they were granted,) or that
would bring distress upon the people by a tudden
return from a paper to a epecie eurroucy. A re
formation so radical, if attempted, must be the work
of years. If the legislature would continually re
fuse to charter aDy new bank, or to enlhjge the
capital stook of, or re charter any bank now in ex
istence, the system would gradually work itself out
by elhux of time ; and we might, without aDy sud
den shock, return safely to the currency of the con
stitution, plant ourselves upon a firm specie basis,
and rid ourselves of a system against which the
great aud good men who conducted the revolution
aud formed our constitution intended to guard their
poeteri*y, when they declared in the constitution
that nothiug but gjld and eilvercoin should be made
a legal tender.
lu two of the States of this Union banks are pro
hibited by constitutional provision; two others
have no banks, and auothor bad but two small
banks, whose charters, it is said, have been forfeit
ed by the late suspension. Aud I am informed,
upon what I consider reliable authority, that the
late commercial pressure was comparatively but
little felt withiD tbe limits of those States.
Should our people determine, however, to contin
ue tbe present banking system, and to charter new
banks, increasing theii number and thereby increa
sing tneir power in the State, I would respectfully
ur e the importance of guarding all charters with
much greater stringency in the future. Let the
charter of each provide that tbe entire liabilities of
the bank shall, at no time, exceed three dollars for
every one of specie actually in its vault* and bona
fide the property of the bank, on pain of immediate
forfeiture Let the simple fact of suspension of
Bpecie payment render the charter absolutely null
and void. This would deter them from engaging
in such wild speculations and over issues as compel
them to suspend in case ot pressure. Let provision
also be made that all executions iieucd against the
corporation may oe levied upon the property of auy
stockholder until tbe creditor be satisfied, leaving
tbe stockholder to bis legal remedies against the rest
of toe stockholders to enforce contribution among
themselves. Let the bills of tbe banks in the hands
of the people at tbe lime of suspension, bear interest
from that time till paid. And let the legislature re
tain tbe right, by express reservation in the charter,
to alter, modi.y or repeal it at pleasure. Iu my
opinion it would be best for tbe legis ature to retuse
to grant a charter to any corporation for any pur
pose whatever without retaining a similar power,
should its exercise be required by tho interests of
the State or the public good. If the corporation is
unwilling to trust the people with this repealing
power, how much more should the people be un
willing to trust the corporation without it.
PROHIBITION OF SMALL BILLS.
Several of toe States have already passed laws
prohibiting the emission by their banks of small
bills. I once entertained doubts whether our legis
lature could do Lbis without a violation of toe char
tered privileges of toe b nks; but on more mature
reflection and careful examination, those doubts are
entirely removed from my mind. I therefore re
commend tbe passage of a law prohibiting the emis
sion of small bills by the banks of this State, and
lorbiding, under heavy penalties, tbe circulation
within this State of bill* of a like denomination is
sued by banks of other States. Such an act might
prohibit tbe circulation of all b'llsof a denomination
under ten dollars, after twelve months after Ibe
passage of the act, and those of a denomination
under twenty dollars in six months thereafter, or at
such other staled limes as might be thought best, go
as not to embarrass the business transactions of the
country. Tbe effect of snch a law would be to cause
small bills to bs withdrawn from circulation, aud as
they must be redeemed by the banks with specie,
the specie would go into circulation in their stead.
This would cause gold and silver to take the plaoe of
back bil sin ai. toe smaller business transactions.
The laborer would then receive the price of bis labor
in gold and silver, the farmerof small means would
generally receive the price of bis produce in gold
and silver, which would remain good however
much bank bills might depreciate.
SUB-TKEASURt SYSTEM.
1 also beg leave to call toe attention otthe Gene
ral Assembly to the propriety of establishing by iaw
a system lor our State similar to tbe sub-treasury
system of the United States, the wisdom of which
has been fully demonstrated by the beneficial results
of its practical operation. 1 earnestly recommend
the adoption of suph a system. Let ali payments
into tbe treasury, aftei a reasonable time to be fixed
by the legislature, be made in gold and silver, and
let the State pay the intetest upon her public debt,
the salaries of her officers, the per diem of her legis
lators, the money due toe several counties for school
purposes, together with all her other liabilities, iu
gold and silver. Qf course the system should go
into operation gradually. This, in connection with
the prohibition of the circulation of small bills,
would keep out of the banks and in circulation
among tbe people a large amount of coin, placing
tbe currency npen a much more solid specie basis,
mokiDg the people more independent of banks, and
enabling them to withstand toe shock with much
less injury in case of a commercial crisis and bank
suspension. It is believed that no serious incon
venience could result to toe tax payer from snch a
law, as the gold and silver paid into the treasury by
those indebted to toe State, wonld be returned by
toe State in tbe payment of her debts due to her
creditors, and would again go into circulation amoDg
the people. Should any inconvenience be appre
hended m the transportation of specie from the
treasury to the creditor, provision might be made
autborisiug certificates of deposit to be issued, which
might be paid to toe creditor at bis reqaeet in place
of toe com. These certificates of deposit might be
of such denomination as the legislature may pre
scribe, handsomely engraved upon steel plates,
which plates should be deposited in the treasury for
safe keeping. Each certificate might be signed by
the Treasurer and countersigned by toe Secretary of
State, with toe impression of toe great seal of the
State stamped upon it, and a register of the issue of
each kept in the treaeury, to prevent counterfeits.
These certificates might be made payable to tte
person to whom they first iseued, or to bearer. They
wonld supply the place of bank bill* so far as toe
conveniences of a paper currency are concerned,
while they would be subject to none of the fluctu
ations of vaine and the uncertainties of bank bills.
They would be taken at toe option only of toe credi
tor in place of gold and silver. Tbe gold and silver,
dollar for dollar, would, when they were in circu
lation. remam in the vault* of the treasury to
redeem them when returned to it. These certificates,
tons predicated upon coin in the treasury, dol
lar for dollar, would be receivable in payment of
taxes or of any debt due toe State. They would be
a safe medium of exchange, and would, to the
amount of their issue, be a paper currency at all
times convertible into gold ana eilver upon presenta
tion at tbe treaeury. Each dollar of paper would
have for |its basis a dollar of epecie in toe treaeury.
and, as tbe faith of toe State would be pledged for
their redemption, it would be impoesinle for any
citizen to sustafn lose upon them. They would be a
currency at all times and under ali circumstances of
uniform par value. This would render toe govern
ment of toe State entirely independent of all banks
and bank agencies, and would in a very great de
gree destroy toe power of toe banks over the peo
pie, while it would give toe people gold nd silver
change in all their small transactions, and a paper
currency perfectly secure in many of their larger
ones.
Tbe suggestion* made by the Secretary of the
Treasury of toe. United States, (Mr. Cobb,; in bis
late report to Congress upon toe subject of toe ee
tabliihment of a Sub-Treaenry system oy toeßtatee,
sim lar to that ot toe United States, and the prohi
bition of the circulation of bank bills under th* de-
nomination of twenty dollars, are, in my judgment,
founded in wisdom, and commend themselves to the
serious consideration of the Legislature. The State
of Ohio has already shown her appreciation of tbe
wisdom of these suggestions, by transferring much
of their substance to her statute book, allowing suf
ficient time for the gradual inauguration of the sys
tem into practical operation.
WXSTERS A ATLANTIC RAILROAD.
For a statement of the present condition of the
Western & A’.lsutic railroad, it* operat one and in
come for the fiscal year ending -i-tth September iast,
I beg leave to refer you to the report of Dr. John
vv . Lewis, its able and efficient Superintendent,
who has sti-.wn himself to be a most vigilant, ac
tive and valuable public servant. In passing this
well merited compliment upon the faithiul.fSuperin
tendent, I would do injustice to hie aisociate offi
cers, and the other egents and employee* of the
road, weie X to tail to express my entire confidence
in their integrity and business qua ideations, and to
commend the andenergy with which they have
exerted themselves for the success of the read and
the advancement of the best interests of the State.
For their efficiency, fidelity and integrity they have
my sincere thanks, and ait, iu my opinion, eutitied
tothe thanks of the whole people of Georgia.
Owing to the commerc.at pressure, and the con
sequent stagnation of trade aud business, the gross
incomes of ihe road during the present yiar, from
freights and travel, have been less than they were
fer the previous year, which was one of unusual
prosperity. The low price of corn, wheat and other
kinds ot grain during the present year, has, in a
great degree, p-evented their shipment. Not only
were prices of whsat mueh lower than they were
the year previous, but the quantity made in all that
section of country which supplies the road with
freight, was much less.
Merchants limited their purchases of goods to
the limittd demand for them in the country, Lecce,
the diminution of iuoomes to the road on account
of freights on merchandise.
That portion of the road track between Tunnel
Hill and Chattanooga, (seven mile* excepted) was
in a very bad condition when Dr. Lewis took charge
of the road, aud it has required a great deal of cost
ly repairs. A considerable portioa of the track be
tween those points Las been taken up aud thoroug
ly repaired, and a nail etone3 pounded into the
earlh under t e new cross ties at several piact-B
where in wet weather the earth is *o soft that the
road bed could not other-vise be made firm. This
kind cf repairs is quite expensive, but is believed
to be cheapest in the end, as the track in these soft
places will remain firm when once bedded in stone.
The entire track is believed to be in better eoudi
tion than it has been for several years, (a force of
about three hundred hands having beeu employed
in itsrepair most of thesuinmtr.) and all the rolling
stock is in good order. Repairs have also beau iato
ly made at Alatoona Petit’s Creek and the Tunnel.
Since your iaat meeting one thousand tons of new
T iron hove been purchased, which has all been
paid ter since the let day ot January last. This
will lay about eleven miles of the track with new,
heavy bar. Part of this iron has already beeu laid
down upou the track, and the remainder, now being
received, will soon be laid down. Other new iron
will be purchased as fast as it is needed.
It is a matter of great importance that the road
be kept in good order. For thiß purpose itie prop
er that several miles of the track at different places
should be laid with new iron every year; other
wise the iron on a large portion of the track might
wear out at the same time, requiring a very heavy
outlay to replace it. I hold that no administration,
forthe purpose of payi.ig money into the Treasury
oro’.herwise, has a right to let tho Road run down.
He who does it deserves to be condemned ; and I
am willing that my administration, s 1 far as the
management of the road is concerned, shall be
judged by this standard.
According to the report of the Senate Committee
the present. Superintendent, when he took the charge
of the road, Ist January last, was chargeable with
assets amount! g to about $57,324 15, due from
connecting Roads awl solvent ttgeuls, with a bal
ance in tile Treasury of $15,9U7 43. And he paid,
according t the report, from lit January, to Ist
July, tho sum of $157,773 23 to creditors of the
road, ou account of indebtedness contracted prior
to tbe Ist January. 1858, and had in the Treasury of
tho road Ist July, 1858, a balance of $35,010 90
It will be seen, therefore, that the amount in the
treaeury was much smaller Ist January than it was
Ist July; and that the amouut of debts contracted
by former administrations of the road, and paid
by the present Superintendent, from first Jau
uary to first July, 1858, was $100,449 08 larger
than the amount of eo'vent assets t%raed over to
him. The present Superintendent would seem
therefore to be entitled to this bam, paid out of hie
net earnings as a cash credit. It this sum is iuclu
ded the price of four hum-red Dus of the uew iron
above mentioned, which was cidered by the for
mer Superintendent prior to firs; January last, and
hti3 been paid for aud laid down by the present Su
perintendent since that time; who has also, through
the Treasurer of the rosd, paid iuto tbe State
Treasury, commencing with the month of March
last, $21)0,000. Os this sum $175,000 had been paid
in at the date of his report of 30lh September, and
$25,000 since that time for the month of October.—
The current expenses of the roid have been paid.—
No new debts are permitted to accumulate which
are not promptly paid, if the creditor can be found,
at the end of each month.
Tue new passenger depot ai Chattanooga is in
process of construction, under the superintendence
of the Chief Engineer cf the road, with workmen
hired by the general Superintendent. The budding
is one hundred and one feet wide and three hundred
aud thre3 feet long, aud is a very solid aud well
built structure. It is built of stone, to the spring of
the arches, which are turned with brick. It is ex
pected to be completed and ready for use in a few
weeks. All expenses of this otructure have beeu
paid monthly. It is intended that tbs depot be
used by all the roads connecting at that place. As
soma ( f these roads were not iu a oocthtion to in
cur the expense, at tbe time the work was com
meuced, of contributing to its erection, it was
thought heat, as there was great need of the depot,
for our road to go on and build it, and take the obli
gations of tbe connecting roads for their proportion
of the expense. The Nashville and Chattanooga
road rakes one-fourth intetest iu the depot, aud
pays SIO,OOO. The East Tennessee and Georgia
Railroad Compagy agrees to take another fourth,
and to pay a like eum, at two and three years from
the time they are ready to use it, with semi-annual
interest at tbe rate of eeven per cent, per annum ;
and it is believed that the Memphis and Charleston
road will also take a fourth interest.
Dr. Lewis took charge of the road the first day of
January last, and was uuder the necessity of apply
ing the net earnings of the morfths of January aud
February in payment of debts ogainst the road,
which existed prior to that time, and for unnecessa
ry repairs on ihe road, including payment for iron
previously ordered. It wiil be seen that the pay
ments made iuto the State treasury from the fiist of
March last to the present time, have averaged
twenty-five thousand.dollars par month. Itis be
lieved in future that all necessary repairs can be
made, ail current expenses promptly paid, every
department of tbe road kept in first rate order, and
that an average of $25,0110 a month can be paid in
to the State Treasury, from year to year.
This may be regarded by some as an over esti
mate ot the legitimate net earnings to be realised
in future from the road. As an evidence, however,
of my confidence in its correctness, I have no hesi
tation in saying that I would risk my personal for
tune on the result. Were I satisfied that it were
the desire of the legislature aud oeople of Georgia,
I would bind myself, as an individual, to take the
road for a term of ten years, commencing first of
January next; aud I would give bond in any rea
eonable sum which might be required, with ample
security, to return it in as good order as it was first
Jauuary last. I would lay down ten miles of new T
iron on the track every year, the old iron taken up,
or the price of it, being mine. I would take tbe
benefits and tbe burthens of all oontracts made by
the authorities of tbe road since the first of January
last, receiving all sums owing to the road, and pay
ing all debts owing by the road on contracts made
since that time 1 would bind mysell that the pre
lent price of freights should at no time be increas
ed, it such increase would make the freights higher
than the average price charged for freignts L_v°the
other roads in Georgia; and I would pay into the
Treasury of the Stare s2s,ffi)U per monLh, for the
use of the road, is equipments atid appurtenances,
to be paid monthly iu cash, or in bonds of the State,
or in the bonds whioh now constitute the funded
debt of the rod; for the payment of which, the
faith of tbe State has been plec'ged for years. And
every time a payment should be delayed twenlv five
days after it was due, I would forfeit and nay io the
State SIO,DUO lor the delay. This would lie $300,-
000 per annum principal, besides interest. And a
term of ten years at these rates, counting simple
interest at seven per cent, per annum, ou each
monthly payment, from the time it was paid into
the Treasury rill the end of the lease, would yield the
sum of $4,041,250, for the use of the road Voi that
time
Regarding the question as settled, therefore, that
the road, with proper management, will pay into
tbe treasury $25,000 per mouth, or $300,000 an
nually, clear of all expenses and repaiis, the inqui
ry naturally arises, what disposition shall be made
ofthe money 1
PAYMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT—COMMON SCHOOL
SYSTEM.
The public debt of tbe State amounts at present
to $2,630,500, payable at difierent times during tbe
next twenty years A large portion of this debt
Las been contracted from time to time on account
of tbe State road. Tuis debt, it will be remember
ed, is sub j sot by legis ation, already had. to be
increased $900,000, cn account of the'S’ate’s sub
scription for stock in the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad
Company. This would make tbe whole debt $3,.
530,500, should no part of it be redeemed before the
bonds of the State for tbe above mentioned S9OO -
000 shall have been issued. By the terms of the
contract with the bondholders, s2B9,soooftbia debt
is now subject to be paid, at the option of the State,
though payment cannot be demanded till 1863 and
1868. The Central Bank bonds are also falling due,
in considerable Bums, annually. Good faith re
quires that tbe debts of the State be promptly met
when due. And sound policy dictates that such
bonds as are due or not, at the ODtbn of the Slate
be taken up as fast as she hag the’ means.
The net earnings of the Western A Atlantic Rail -
road are already pledged for the payment of a large
portion of this debt. I therefore recommend the pas
sage of an actseting apart $200,000 per annum of
the net earnmge of the road, to be applied in pay
ment and purchase of the public debt And m
view of the great and acknowledged necessity eiist
mgfor the education of the caudren ofthe State and
of the immense advantage which would reeult ’from
the establishment of a practical common school sys
tem, I further recommend that a sum as large as the
enure amount of the public debt, be set apart as a
permanet common school fund for Georgia to be
increased as fast as the public debt is diminished
and that the faith of the State be solemnly pledged
that no part of this sum shall ever be atqffied to or
appropriated for any other purpose thin that of
education Let the act make it the duty of the Gov
ernor, each year, as soon as he shall have taken nn
the $200,000 ofthe State’s bonds, to issue *2OO 000 of
new bonds, payable at some distant nernrf V,. he
fixed by tbe legislature, to the Secretary of State a*
trustee of the common school fundo f tfie State w ; th
semiannual interest at six per cem n*,
The bonds to be deposited in the office ohhe^cre
tary of Slate. As the public debt is th„= 08 if
diminished the school fund will be annually inerted
until the whole debt is paid to ‘he cremto™ or he
State, and the amount paid conyertej?Two a\ch£fi
fund. And as tbe fund is ine-eaeed from
to year, tbe amount of interest to be used for Jhor.l
pu-poeee wifi be likewise increased *or scnooi
Should this plan be adopted, in a few the
school fund of Georgia, including the
for that purpose, would be, in round naiXrs *1
000,060. The amount of interest a-xaS him tris
fund to be expended m erecting I££lTou°£d
paying teachers, would be $240,OOl) per aonSi I
am aware of the difficulties which hare (Z' en
countered by those who have atempted
to devise a practical and equal
Btate, owing m a great degree, it j. behoved to the
fact that portions of our b'ate are very densely whfie
others are very sparsely populated. But the fact of
our inability to accomplish all we may desire is no
sufficient reason why we should neglect to do that
which is in our power Probably, the principal
oaun of our failure the past is attributable tba
lack of funds and of competent teacoers
With the gradual increase of the land’ proposed,
it is not doubted that the wisdom of our State
wouid, from time to time, improve our presen’ de
fective system, till it would be so perfected as to af
ford toe advantages of an eduestion to all or near
ly all, toe children of toe State. Let tbe teachers
be paid by toe State, and let every free white child
in toe State have an equal right to attend
and receive instruction in tae public school* Let
it be a common school, not a poor school, system.
Let toe children of toe richest and toe poorest pa
rents in toe State meet in to* school room on terms
of perfect equality of right. Let there be no aris
tocracy there, but an aristocracy of oolor and of
conduct. Iu other words, let every free white
child in Georgia, whose conduct is good, stand upon
an equality of right with auy and every one in the
schoolroom. In this way, th* advantages of edu
cation might be gradually diffused among the peo
ple ; and many of the noblest intellects in Georgia
now bedimmed by poverty and not developed for
want of education might be made to shine torth in
all their splendor, biersing both church and State by
tbeir nob e deeds J
Should four millions dollars be insufficient to raise
annually the rum required, the fund might be in
creased from Ihe incomes of the Road, to any
amount necessary to accomplish the object. The
interest on this iuud should be semi-aumally distri
buted equally, among the counties, in proportion to
tbe whole uumber of free white children iu each,
between six and sixteen, or o! such other age as the
Legislature may deeigu&te. Authority should also
bo left with each county to tax itself, at its own
pleasure to increase its school fund, a* at present.
And it should be latt to the Inferior Court, or school
commissioners of each county to lay off the county
into school districts, as will bo most convenient to
its population, having due regard to their number
and condition
EDUCATION OF TEACHERS.
Assuming that provision will be thus made to
raise all the funds necessary to build school houses
and pay the teachers to educate all the free white
children of the State, the next question which pre
sents itself, and perhaps the mod important one of
ail is, how shall the Slate supply herself with com
petent teachers ? raised in her midst and devoted
to her interests and her institutions ’—southern
men, with southern hearts and BC-ulhern senti
ments 1
For the purpose of educating Georgia teachers in
Georgia colleges, I propose that the Stale issue her
bonds payable at eu h distant times as the legisla
ture may designate, bearing interest at seven per
t ent, payable semi-annually. The interest to be
paid out of toe net earnings of tbe State road ; and
the bonds to be redeemed out of its pr- needs, should
it ever be sold. I'hat she deliver $266,6116 of these
bonds to the State University, at Athens, as an ad
ditional endowment; $56,606 to the Georgia Mili
tary Institute, at Marietta, and $76,0611 to each of
the three denominational colleges in this State, in
consideration that each of said five colleges, will
bind itself to educate annually, oue young man as
a Slate student, for every $266 of annual interest
which the endowment given by tbe Slate pays to
tbe college ; furnishing him with board, lodging,
lights, washing, tuition, aud ail necessary expenses
except olothing, which might be furni-lied by the
student himself or his parents. The interest on this
$466,606 of bonds would be $28,000 per annum.—
this sum would maintain aud instruct as above
suggested one hundred and forty young men an
nually, being one from each coimty in the Slate,
and two from each of the fourteen counties hav-ng
the largest population, unless other new counties
are formqd. I propose these young men be selected
from all the counties in the State, from that class
only of young men whose parents are unable to
educate them, and that only such be selected as are
of good moral character, industrious and attentive,
who desire au education, and who give promise of
future usefulness.
That th- eeleotion be made in each county by a
competent cominit'ee appointed by tbe Inferior
Court, after an examination at some public place
iu the county of all such young men as desire to be
come beneficiaries, aud who will attend on a day
to be fixed by toe Inferior Court, after giving due
notice. Let the committee be sworn that they will
be governed in the selection by the merits of the
applicant, with :nt prejudice or parlia.ity; and that
they will select no one whose parents are known to
be able to give him a collegiate education without
doing injustice to Ihe rest of hi* family. And I pro
pose that the place of any Buch student in college
ne supplied by another, whenever the faculty of the
eollege shall certify Io the Inferior Court of his
county, that ha is neglecting his studies or failing to
make reasonable progress, or that he has become
addicted to immoral habits I propose that tbe
State, in this manner, give to eachot the poor young
men thus selected his co'.iegiagte education, on con
dition that he will enter into a pledge of honor, to
make teaching bis profession in the county Irom
which he is sent, for as many years as he shall have
been maintained at'd educated by the (State in col
lege ; the State perinitiug h.m to enjoy the incomes
of Ins labor, but requiring him to labor as a teacher.
Many of these young gentlemen wonld no doubt,
adopt taaebing as their profession for b life. Tnis
would supply the Stute after a few years with com
patent teachers. And as these young men while
teaching iu the various counties in the State would
prepare others to teach without going to college,
pure streams of learning would thus be caused to
flow out from the colleges, aud be diffused among
the masses ofthe people throughout the State
Then we would not so often heurthe complaint,
that the child must unlearn at one school what it has
taken it months perhaps to learn at another under
an incompetent teacher. This plan is iutendedto
equalise as fai|afl possible, the poor with the rich, by
giving to aa many of them as possible, at the ex
pense of tho Slate, au opportunity to educate their
sous in college, a privilege at present confined al
most exclusively to the rich, as poor men have not
means to educate their soua however deserving or
promising they may be.
Under the plan above proposed it i3 not intended
to make a donation, or absolute gift to the col
leges, of a single dollar of the bonds of the State.
It is intended only to deliver the bonds to the col
leges and to pay to them the interest seini-unnually,
as a compensation for them to muintiiu and edu
cate annually, oue hundred aud forty young men of
promise, who could in no other way enjoy the ad
vantages of a liberal education ; who iu turn are to
difluae intelligence among the great body of the
people, thereby supplying the Stute with Georgia
teachers well qualified to teach the youth of Geor-
Km-, and who would be, at the same time, the
natural friends of her institutions. Asa part of
this plan, I also proppso that a general superinten
dent of schools for the State be appointed, with a
salary sufficient to secure the best talent, whose
duty it shall be to collect valuable information upon
the subject, aud report annually to the Executive,
to be laid before the legislature. And to traverse
the State in every direction, visit the schools, ad
dress the people, and do all in his power to create a
lively interest on the subject of education.
Carry out this plan and whocan estimate its bene
fits to tho State I I regard the education of the
children of the State as the grand object of primary
importance, which should, if necessary, take prece
dence of all other questions cf State policy; for I
apprehend it will be readily admitted by every in
telligent person, that tbe stability and permanence
of our republican institutions bang upou tbe intelli
gence and virtue of our people. No monarch rules
here ! And it is the pride of our system of govern
ment that each citizen at the ballot box possesses
equal rights of sovereignty with every other one.
Thanks be to our Heave ly Father, the popular
voice cannot here be hushed in toe silence of despot
ism, but tbe popular will dictates the laws. May it
thus ever remain ! How important it is, therefore,
that the masses of the people be educated, so each
may be able to read and understand for himself the
Constitution and history of his country, and to judge
and decide for himself what are tbe true principles
and polioy of bis government. But how much more
important it is, in my opinion, that every person iu
the State be enabled to read for him or herself the
Holy Bible, and to comprehend the great principles
of Christianity, in the eternal truths of which, I am
a firm, though humble believer. Educate the mass
es and inculcqse virtue aud morality, and you lay
broad aud deep, in the hearts of our people, the
ouly sure foundations, of republican liberty and re
ligious toleration ; the latter of which is the bright
est gem in the Constilu ion of our country.
By adopting the proposed line of policy, we have
it in our power, without increaseof taxation or bur
den to our people, to place Georgia, so far as educa
tion is concerned, io the prouder, position of any
State in the Union. Let her educate every bou and
daughter within her limits, and she may then justly
boast that she is the empire State of not only tho
South, but of the whole Union. By this plan the
public debt would be reduced, and toe school fund
increased, annually, $260.660; and tbe interest
amounting yearly to $28,000 on the bonds delivered
to the colleges, would be paid semi annuallyj out of
the uet earnings of the State road ; and there would
still be left an annual income from that source of
$72,0110 to be applied to other purposes.
REDUCTION OF TAXES.
The present annual expenses of the Government
including the civil ’ establishment, the interest on
the public debt, support of A-ylums, Academy for
tbe blind, State cadet* in Military Institute, tV,e.,
amount to about $146,006, without including any
of tbe extraordinary appropriations. The present
annual incomes to the Treasury from the State tax,
the tax on bank stock, railroads, dividends on bank
stick, and from other miscellaneous sojrces, such
as copy grants, testimonials, &e., amount to about
$446,1166, exclusive of incomes from tbe State road.
It follows, there.'ore, after allowing some $22,666 pr.
annum of special appropriations, outside of the ac
tual expenses of the Government, that the taxes
might be reduced from the incomes of tbe road
about $56,666 per annum besides establishing and
providing for the successful operation of the pro
posed reboot system. Should the legislature, how
ever, after providing for the redaction of the pub
lic debt, the support of the BChool system, and tbe
education of teachers, make any considerable ap
propriations, other than those which may be abso
lutely oeceesary to rupport the Government, no
material reduction of the taxes could be made.
In the event the legislature should disapprove of
the proposition to apply the net earnin'3 of the
read to the payment of toe public debt aud to tbe
education of toe children of the State, I reipectfu!
iy recommend that $156,666 per annum, in-tead of
about fifty thousand as above proposed, be applied
in reduction of tbe taxes of tbe people, aud that the
surplus be used for such purposes of internal im
provement as will tend most to tbe developement of
the resources of the State. lam aware th re are
those who object to auy reduction of taxes, believ
ing it necessary in order to attach the people to the
government, to raise large sums of money from
them by taxation, to be appropriated in some way
by the legislature. I take a different view of tbia
subject, and believe that all unnecessary, wasteful
or extravagaDt appropriations should be avoided ;
and that no more taxes should be raised than the
necessities of toe State require, under au economical
administration of the government.
I cannot believe tha; toe people’s love for thegov
eminent would be increased by high taxarion-
W hen the people were paying increased taxes to
build the Western & Atlantic Railroad, they were
told, that if they would submit to this, (the incomes
of toe road, wnen finished, should be- applied, in
part at least, in reduction of Iheir taxes. I think
they have a reason to expect,and a right to demand,
that these pledges shall be redeemed; and I re
spectfully urge upon you, as tbeir representatives,
toe propriety of enacting such laws as will give
tbem the benefits of the incomes of toe road, as
above suggested. This, in myjudgment, would be
nfinitely better than to equanaer the funds in large
appropriations of doubtful propriety. If the road be
faithfully and economically managed, and the net
earnings paid monthly into the Treasury, and ap
plied to educating toe youth of the State, the pay
ment of the pubiio debt, and the reduction of the
taxes of toe people.it will then in reality be, what it
should be, a blessing to the whole people of
Georgia.
ATLANTIC fc GULF RAILROAD.
I am informed that the work upon the Atlantic
A. Gulf Railroad is progressing with reasonable
rapidity under toe management of Dr. James P.
Screven, its able ana active President. Early in
toe year the necessary evidence was furnished to
me that the individual stockholders had paid in
twenty per cent on $600,006 of the stock, which en
tided toe Company, under the provisions ol the
statute, to call tor twen’y per cent upon the Slate’s
presen subscription of $566,060. I accordingly, in
connection with Col. Watkins, oar industrious and
faithful Secretary of State, issued and delivered to
the C rinpany at par $100.60(1 0 f s x per cent State
bond', payable in New York, with coupons attach
e<L The bend* bear date Ist February, 1858, and
have twenty year* to run. The intere*t is payable
atmi-annoauy. This road is intended to develop
tbe resources of a large and interesting section ol
the State. •
STATE AID TO RAILROADS.
Other section* of toe State are still destitute of
the advantages of roilroad facilities. I am deci
dedly of opinion toot it would be good policy for
the State to lend her credit to aid in the construe
tion ot such roads as may be necessary to develop
her vast resources, provided sbe be made perfectly
secure beyond doubt against ultimate loss. This
could be done by toe endorsement of the bonds ot
the company, by the State, after a certain propor
tion of the road is first completed, for an amount
sufficient to enable the company to purchase iron
for the road. Tbe hoods thus endorsed should be
made payable twenty years after date, with six per
cent interest, payable semi-annually ; and let toe
State take a mortgage upon toe entire road, and ail
its appurtenances, declared by law to be prior to
all other liens , to be foreclosed, aud the road and
it* appurtenances sold ia sixty or ninety days after
the failure of the company to pay anv instalment
of either interest or principal when due. And in
t e , j en ? t * le road and its appurtenanoes
should fail under each mortgage sale to bring a sum
sufficient to pay tbe entire amouDt for which the
State shall bave become liable, on aocount of the
company, let the law provide that each solvAnt
stockholder shall be liable to the State, according
to tbe number of the ebares he may own, for hie
proportion of the aeficiency
This, in mv iudgmeut, would make tho State se
cure; wade it would enable each company engaged
iu the construct on of a t oad •necessary to the de
velopment of the resources of the state, to obtain
he matte' y requ site to its completion, upou such
tune and terms ss would cnaoe the company,
sh-ud tbe mad prove ae remunerative s its pro
jector* ant c pated, to refund it ou- of the future net
earnings of th- road Os c urse such a law should
be a g-n rl on-, al ke app icable to all roads iu any
pari ot the State, in the b nefits of which, all roads
11 w n process of construction, or to be hereafter
projected, on equal aud well defined terms, con
di- ons end limita ions, m g t participate. Guard
the State agar st possibility of loss, and 1 an de- ided
ly rn tavor ol State aid, by lending her credit in tbe
construction of ad such roads as may be necessary
to the prosp-rity of tier-people, and the develop
ment of her resources.
THE GEORGIA PENITENTIARY.
Tin report of Gen. Eli McConnell, principal
keeper of the Penitentiary, will inform you of the
present condition of that institution. The walls
badly constructed nt first, have stood for & long
time, and are now nearly ready to tumble down. The
whore structure is in a dilapidated co dition,and
wih require action on the part of the legislature at
its present or some early session. It is a question
worthy your attention whether it should be rebuilt
where it is, or be removed to some favorable looa
location ; or whether it should b ■ entirely abolished,
and some other mode of punishment substituted in
its stead. Asa place of reformation of the convicts,
it is believed to bave proved a failure. It brings
together au assemblage of tbe worst men in the
State, many of whom are beyond the hope of refor
mation. In the midst of such an assemblage the
young offender has but little encouragement to re
form. Observation has shown us, that a consider
able proportion of those who have served the term
of a sentence, have, after going out, very soon vio
lated the law, and been sent back for a second, and
some even for a third time. Some of the States, as
Alabama aud Texas, have leased out their peniten
tiaries ; and it i* reported that this plan has worked
well in those States, and bas relieved them from all I
burdens in maintaining their prisons. I commend
the whole subject to tbe carefnl consideration of
the legislature.
THE STATE ASYLUMS.
For the condition and management of the State
Lunatic Asylum, the Academy of the Blind, and the
Asylum of the Deaf aud Dumb, I beg leave to refer
you to the respective reports of those entrusted
with tbeir management. These asylums bavealreaay
done much to improve the condition, and mitigate
the sufferings of the unfortunate persons who are
their respective inmates. The State has been lib
eral in her appropriations to found and sustain them,
and I trust that her liberality may prove a perma
nent blessing to her people.
A recent visit to the Academy for the Blind in
Macon has satisfied me, that those in charge of that
institution are laboring faithfully for the instruction
and tbe amelioration of the condition of that unfor
tunate class of our fallow beings, for whose benefit
the Academy has been provided. Tbe new building
is being ereoted, and will whenoompleted be a beau
tiful structure, well adapted to tbe purpose for which
it is inteuded. lam informed by tbe trustees that
they have arranged the plan of the building, and
shaped the contract with the builders, so as to bring
tho expense of the whole within tbe appropiation,
and that there wifi be no call for au additional ap
priation, to save tbe State from the less of the ap
propiation already made. Their oonduct iu this par
ticular deserves commendation.
GEORGIA MI LIT ART INBTITVTK.
For the condition and prospeots of the Georgia
Military Institute, at Marrietta, I also refer you to
the report of Trustees of that Institution. Early in
the year I purchased for the State tbe remaining
interest ot the stockholders, aud paid for it as direct
ed by the statute. 1 attended tbe examination of
the classes at the late commenesment, and take
pleasure in saying that the young gentlemen acquit
ted themselves with much credit, bolh to them
seive3 and the faculty.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
A large number of the counties of the State, es
pecially the new counties have never been supplied
with standard weights and measures, the number
originally purchased, by the State proving insuffi
cient. Frequent applications are made to the
Executive by the destitute counties for a supply,
and there are none at his disposal. It will oost a
considerable sum to purchase the requisite number.
I recommend, therefore, that an appropriation be
made sufficient to supply such of the counties as
are destitute of them, aud to defray the exlpeuee of
their distribution.
SALARIES OF THE JUDGES.
At your last session an aot was passed increasing
the salariea of the Judges of the ‘Supreme and Su
perior Courts of this State; but by some oversight
no appropriation was made to pay suoh increase to
those who, under the Constitution were entitled to
it, the appropriations having been made for the
amounts only of those salaries as fixed by previous
laws. One of tbe Judges of the Supreme Court who
was elected at the last session, aud two or jhree of
the J udges of the Superior Court, who were elected
in January last, hold commissions bearing date
since the passage of tbe act, and are, therefore, dear
ly entitled to toe increased salary. Six of tbe Judg
es of tbe Superior Court, most of whom had, each,
almost a full term to serve, resigned their office* soon
alter the aej urnment of your last session, and hav
ing been re appointed by me, now hold oommi-sions
beaming date sinoe the passage of the act They,
as well as those elected since the passage of the aot,
are, in my opinion, clearly entitled to the inoreased
salary,which has been withheld from them on aocount
of the appropriation not having been made. I there
fore recommend that an appropriation be made im
mediately, sufficient to pay each Judge whose com
mission bears date since the passage of tbe act, the
balance of salary due him. Iu view of the sacri
ficee made Dy tbem, tbe heavy responsibilities in
curred and tbe great amount of labor performed, I
am of opinion tbat no class of offioers in Georgia
have been so poorly paid as our Judges. I there
fore regard tbe act raising tbeir salaries as wise and
just, and regret only that the constitutional prohibi
tion prevented, and still preveute, a portion of them
from receiving its benefits. I think equality in this
case as well as iu others is equity. There is no
good reason why a Judge who was elected soon
after the passage of the act should receive $2,600
per annum, for bis full term of four years, while
ono whose commission bears date a few days pre
vious to tbat time, and wbo probably bas a more
laborious Circuit, should serve the same term of
four years for SI,BOO per annum. Taking this view
of the question of j ustioe and right between tbem,
I felt it my duty to re-appoint any one, who, having
most of a term before him, thought proper to re
sign and take his chance for re-election in January
next. I see nothing in their course deserving oen
sure, and I do not hesitate to take my part of the
responsibility as far as the re-appointments are con
cerned.
I have no sympathies in common with those who
vote away thousands, and tens of thousands of dol
lars of tho people’s money, in large appropriations,
often intended by the movers more forthe advance
ment of individual interests than for the pubiio
good, and then attempt to raise a popular clamor
should tbe State do justice to her pubiio offioers, by
giviug them a reasonable compensation for their
services, which is now, in many instances, much
less than their talents would command at othnr em
ployments. One appropriation of donbtfol pro
priety, about which but little may be said, often
draws from the Treasury more mon9y than all the
increase of salaries, of all the pubiio offioers ofthe
(State. In 1841, when tbe salaries of onr Judges
were fixed at SI,BOO per annum, that amount of
money would purchase more property than $2,500
will purchase now. A negro or a horse might then
be purchased for but little, if any, over half as
much as a similar piece of property will oommaud
iu the market now. It follows, therefore that our
Judges and other pubiio officers are not as well
paid now as they were then. Our great Btate is not
too poor.nur too parsimonious, to do justice to
those who render her important public servioes ;
nor is it her policy to drive her best talent from
public positions to make room for those whose will
agree to occupy them for less money.
SUBSCRIPTIONS TO LESAL WORKS.
At your 1 ast session resolutions were passed, re
queetiog me to subscribe, in behalf of the State, for
n:teen hundred copies of Hines’ Forms, at the price
of two dollars and fifty centß per copy; and for five
hundred copies of Rees's Manual, at a reasonable
price, and to pay for them out of the contingent
fund. I subscribed for. and received the books,
and paid Mr. Hines $1,066, and Mr. Reese $560,
one third of the price agreed upon for the five hun
dred copies of bis book deliver and at tbe Capitol.
On account of tbe heavy dafts made upon tbe con
tingent fund, to pay other sums taxed upon it by
resolutions of the salary of tbe Reporter of tbe De
cisions of the Supreme Court, for which no appro
priation was made, I found it impossible to pay tbe
whole amount due tor the books, and to meet the
ordinary demands for the payment of which tbe
fund is intended. Tbe balance of $2 750 due Mr
Hines, audsl,l>oo due Mr. Reese, remains unpaid.
I respectly recommend that appropriatons be made
in their behalf, for the respective sums due tbem.
THE PENAL CODE.
I be? leave to ca'l the attention of the General
Assembly to what I censider a defect in our penal
code. The Bth section of tbe 4th division ■ f the
C de is in these words: “Voluntary manslaughter
shall be punished by confiement and labor in the
Penitentiary for a term not less than two years nor
longerthan lour years.” There aredou .tle*s many
oases of voluntary manslaughter eomm tted by per
sons of extreme youth, or attended by other extenu
ating circumstances, for tbe punishment of which
two years of imprisonment is sufficient. It may
often happen, Ijowever, from the ing uuity ot coun
sel, the creation of sympathy on account of the long
standing of a case, ana from other causes, that per
sons guilty of deliberate murder, are convicted only
of voiuntarymans'augbter. The Judge who pre
s dee in the case ma be fully sat sfi a that such is
the fact, but he has no power to impose a heavier
penalty than that of four years’ impmoument. The
community feel that the punisiment s inadequate,
but there is uo remedy, as the Court ba goi e te tne
extent of the law. Ifwc would suppress crime ard
bloodshed in our State, we must execute toe cri rii
nal laws, and discard that sickly sent mentality,
which always sympathises with the eriminal, but
has no tear to shed over the unfortunate victim of
his revenge. I recommend tfcut the seel on nf the
penal code above referred to, be so an ended as to
enlarge the discretion give . to the presiding Judge,
in cases of Volu jtary M-inslnuzhter, commit ed
after the passage of the act, so that the punishment
shall not De lets than two, nor longer than twenty
years’ imprisonment and labor in tbe Penitentiary.
laiso recommend such alteration in toe law as will
compel persons accused of criminal offences to come
to trial at the earliest period, when a fair and im
partial investigation can be had. As the law now
stands, and is constructed by our Courts, the worst
cases are often worn out by continuances, from term
to term, till some of the witnesses die, or remove
from tbe -State, and others are almost impoverished
by long attendance upon (lie CouiL After years of
delay should it happen, as it frequently does, that
the witnesses are out ofthe way, and toe commun
ity have become careless about tbe ease, toe accus
ed is then ready for trial. In this way many of the
mo*t bloodthirsty and abandoned criminal* in toe
State are permitted to escape, often with very light
and semetimes With no pun sliment at all. _ If toe de
fendant and bis counsel will exercise ordinary dili
gence in the preparation of the case, I am satisfied
from years of experience at tbe bar, and upon the
bench, that no reason exis e why a trial enould be
delayed in any case, longer toan the second term
a ter the finding of tbe bill of indictment, unless it
be for very special Providential cause.
The Constitution of Georgia provide* tbat ail
criminal cases “shall be tried in toe oounty where
the crime was committed.” Since the State has
he n cut into small counties it may often happen,
in the most atrocious cases of murder, that a public
investigation may be had before the committing
magistrate, or on a first trial before toe Superior
Court which, from some cause, may not be final, in
which’ on account of tbe excitement in tbe comma
nity, the evidence may be detailed in tbe bearing of
nearly all the citizens ot tbe county, subject to do
jury duty, and at a subsequent term of toe Court,
it may therefore be impossible to get a jury in tbe
county, competent to try tue case, and the criminal,
on that account, may escape conviction and punish
ment. In view of toe happening of such a contin
gency, I wonld most respectfully suggest an altera
tion of the Constitution, so as to authorise the pre
siding J edge in such cases, when in his opinion toe
end* of justice require it, to change the venue and
VOL. LXXII. —NEW SERIES VOL. XXII NO 45.
order that the case bn transferred to, and tried i n
auy adjoining oouuty whioh he may de-ignate . the 1
oounty Where the crime was commit’ed to hearths
expense ofthe trial, should it fall upon the county
TAX LAWS.
I beg leave to invite your attention to thesug
gestions contained in the able report of the Comp- I
troller General, pointing out certain defects in our
present tax laws, and proposing important amend
ment* ; also, to valusb.e sad interesting statisiical
information appended to tbs report. By examina
tion of this report it will hr seen that the present j
tax ou bank agencies, of other States, located in (
this State, ia !e?s than the tax ou b&ua capital in j
this State. This is a discrimination against our
own banks which is unjust, aud requires further
legislation. If auy discrimination between those
agencies aud our own bank* ia made, it ebould bait)
favor of the latter. It will also be seen that several
of the Railroad Companies in this State,whose roads
are in successful operation, nay no tax wh&tever
under the present iaw. Some whioh pry lai and
other* which do not, are exempt by their charter*
from e - er paying a tax of more than one-half of one
per cei t. upon th- ir net incomes I refused my
sauotion to two bill* chartering railroad companies,
at your last session, because the proposed charters
contained this provision I do nor h lieve the State
should ever yield her right to tax, to any extent
her necessities may require, any and all property
within her jurisdictional limits. Should it ever be
come necessary, on account of invasion, or other
pubiio c lainity, greatly to iuorease the revenue of
the State. I can see no good reason why millions
of property belongiug to wealthy corporal ions with
in her borders, should, by imprudent and partial
egislation, be exempt, from bearing a ju it propor
tion of the pubiio burdens, by being suhjsi.ted to a
nominal tax only. And if there ever was any
reason for granting such exemptions in the pa-t,
tbat reason no longer exists, since tbe building of
railroads in our State ha* ceased to be an ex
periment. Therefore, I think such exemp
tions from taxation should not be extended or
encouraged by future legislation. Bui, a*
tbe pubiio exigencies do not. require high taxa
tion at present, and as several of tbe most weal
thy railroad companies in the State have in their
oiiarters tbe provision before mentioned, I recoin
mend tbat tbe tax for tne present on all companies
in the State be made uniform, aud that each be
r. q lired to pay a tax of one-bait’ of one per cent,
on its net incomes; to be paid into the Treasury
each year without cost to the State.
I also recommend that a heavy tax be imposed
upon each and every person who, as commissioner,
ageut, trustee or in any other capacity, shall be enga
ged in drawing any lo ctery, or pretended tottery or
iu sel ing lottery tickets, within this Stale. Itisrime
the moral sense of our people were aroused for the
suppression of this deceptive, fraudulent and de
moralizing practice; which encourages among the
people a spirit of hazard and gambling, depriving
them of large sums of mouey every year, which to*
olten brings distress upou helpless women and
children, while it pampers idle drones in sooiety, who
neither labor nor produce anything, but who grow
rich by the credulity and misfortunes of others.
THE MILITARY SYSTEM.
The attention of tbe iregialaturs has again and
again been called to our defective military system,
and to the great neglect to perforin military duty
in the State I doubt whether any recommenda
tion which I could add would be of any service
At your last session, toe usual appropriation for
military purposes was withheld; and alter this da
oision by tbe Legislature, I did not feet it my du y
to order a rigid enforcement of the military laws.—
Tbe time may come, however, when wo will have
oauee to deplore our present inactivity aud lack of
discipline and military spirit.
THE BOUNDARY LINE BETWEEN GEORGIA AND
FLORIDA
Tbe resolutions poured at your la* l session, iu
reference to toe boundary question, between tbe
State of Georgia and the State of Florida, were
communicated by me to the Governor ot that State,
soon after your adjournment. I received from hie
Excellency, assurances of Iris desire for an early and
amicable adjustment of the difficulty with a pro
mise to lay toe resolutions before the Legislature
of that State at its next session.
INDEX TO THE RECORDS OF PLATS.
The index to the records of plats of lands granted
under tbe law of bead rights had been kepi up iu
the Surveyor General's office, from 1737 to 1829, in
a very large volume; which is now in a very mu
tilated condition. There is uo index of plats issued
siuce 1829. This is not the fault of the present ia
borious and faithful officer, who has charge of that
department, as his predecessors tor nearly thirty
years had failed to keep up tbe index. Believing it
a matter of importance that the large number ol
books, containing these very important records, be
indexed to the present time, 1 employed M-ijor 11.
J. G. Williams, an excellent clerk, of K re &t exact
neee in oompariug the records, and ( f laborious re
eearch, to copy the mutilated ludez Buott ; fuppiy
ing it wherever lost from the original records; and
to extend it from 1829 to the present time. W hen
completed the whole will make two o unmon b ze
volumes. 1 presume there can be no Difference ol
opinion as to the propriety of preserving the public
records in good oondition. 1 recommend the poe
sage of au not authorizing the Governor to dra*
hia warrant upon the Treasury, lor a sum Burtioieui
to pay for the work wnen completed; and that three
suitable persons be appointed io . examine the work,
aud report its value lo the Executive.
THE AGRICULTURAL INTERESTS.
While the Htate boa made large appropriation*, from
time to time, so clearing our rivern, con. tructmg rail
roads, and for the encouragement of commerce, au oth
er pursuits, it is much to be r gretted that ho little has
•eea done o entourage her great agricultural iuteresta;
upon which almost every other class is dependent for as
sistance aud support. No other occupation is more use
ful than agriculture. No class more hono able than our
faiuiers, who, as a class, are honest and patriotic They
bear, without a murmur, their lull share o* tho burooLH
of thj Government. Why then should they be longer
denied a share in its benehts t Itm 1 cordially co oper
ate with tho General Assembly in any aud all legisla
tion, which will promote this great and vital intere.-t. In
this connection we should not forget the necessity which
exists for the development of our great mlueral re
sources. I trust the Legislature wi;l authorise th . ap
pointment of a su table Geologist and Chemist, to make
a geological survey of the ritate, and a chemical aua-ysis
of the soil, iu dittorent sections, so , s to the
mineral wealth of the State, aud to determine the pro
ductions to which etch kind ct soil is best suited.
Many of the meet intelligent and useful ci.izens of our
State, devoted to her great agricultural and mechanical
pursuits, are taking much interest in our agricultural
lairs The object of these exhibitions, is to bring to
gether as much as possible of tue intelligence of our
State in council, for tbe purpose of devising tho best
means lor tue advancement, of agriculture, mechanics,
dec. By awarding premiums a generous rivalr is en
couraged, which often causes valuable improvement*,
and leads to very useful discoveries. Tbe ladles con
tribute much to the inte est of these occa ions, by their
presence, and the exhibi lon of magnitijent speci.uam
ot their handwork. The tine arts ate encouraged here.
At these exhioiiions planters and mechanics fr. m differ
ent sect oiis of the State, are brought toge her aud
valuable improvements made ia ono sect on bocome
known to all. The fair grounds, at Atlanta, where the
meetings for the whole State are held, are in bad cond
tion. lam informed that several of the States have
made liberal appropriations to encourage these exhibi
tion*. I think it good poliey 1 therefore recommend
an appropriation sufHcieni to put the state fair g cunus
ia good order, and to erec the necessary buildiDgs; and
tbat a small annual appropiiation be made to Keep up
the exhibition, in case the iucomes of the society should
be insufficient. I think the farmers aud mechanics have
a right to demand at least these small sums.
REPORT oy SENATE COMMITTEE ON WESTERN 6c AT*
LANTIC RAILROAD.
The committee appointed b, the Senate at your last
session, to investigate he affairs of the Western A
Atla.itic Eai road, have made their report to me. as de
rect'-a by the resolution of the Senate, with the request
that 1 have it put>l shed in p&mph et form. In compli
ance with their request, I have had five thousand copios
printed for distribution Any num er of tbe primed co
pies hich may be desired by the General Astiemblj, or
by tbe members for distribution among their constituents
will be furnished onapp.icaiion at tbe Executive office
I c rdialty concur with the comraittes In their recora
mendatiou, to place tho defaulting agouti* upn the road
on the same looting with tax collectors, so ar as to au
thorise the Comptroller General to issue • xecutions
against each and every <ie au'ter, and his securities, who
does not within a reasonable time aft r demand, pay in
to the treasury of ihe road the sum dne by him with au
thority to collect twenty p r cent on the principal, from
the time of tbe demand and re usai till paid. Legisla
tion making tbe books of the road legal evi lence on Ue
trial of cases in court against defaulting agents, has long
been needed.
The committee wero in session fifty days. Their tank
was a very laborious and responsible one. have
received no compensation foi their services I advanced
rsm the contingent fund an amount only sufficient to
pay their actual expenses. It is proper tbat an appro
priation be made, sufficient to compensate them liberally
for the services rendered.
THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE STATE.
Fora statement of the condition oi tbe Treasury, I re
fer you to the report of Col. John B. Trippe, the vig lant
and trustworthy off! -er who preslces over tbat depart
ment. As Georgians, we have much reason to be proud
ot the financial condition of our State, aud of h*r high
character abroad. Probably the b nos of no other State
in ihe Union are more current or command a higher price
in the market. Her people entertain a seme of honor
that #lll never permit a stain to rest upon her proud s
cutcheon ; and they will see to it that her i igh charao
ter is maintained, la comiderationoi her ability to pay, u
may justly be said, that her public debts are little more
than nominal. Without reference to any otner of bei
great resources, the Western dt Atlantic Railroad will
in my opinion, command from eight to ten mi .lions of dol
lars in the market, by the time the last imea ment of
the public debt is due. Tne whole debt does not amouut
to half that sum, and may in a few years be extinguished
by the incomes of t id road a one.
The State, with from one to two millions of Inhabi
tants, a large territory, a salubrious c imate, immens
mineral wea th, vast agricultural re our ves aad au ex
tensive system ot iuternal improvements, may then b*
ont of debt, and In po'seas on ot ten mil ions of dollar
worth of Bta e property. And by the exercise of a little
prudence and forre ast in her legislation, she may also
have a common school fund as large, and a standard oi
education as high as any btate in tho Union.
This is no fancy sketch. It is a conclusion drawn from
facts. But i must turn from these pro-.d autu ipatiou
ofthe future of our State, with the expresjiob
ofthe ardent hope, that they be much more than te
al ised.
In closing this communication, I desire to loin with th*
Jeneral Assembly In returning siuccre thanks to Al
mighty God, for the abnuuant mercies, and rich biessing
which have been poured out upon our beloved ft at
since we separated.
There has been no lack cf provisi ns in tbe land TL*
laborer of evriy class has oeen able to supply his m
ce-sities by the fruits of his labor Tbe ura* cf tb
husbaudmen teem with pienty for both man and beast
and with the exception of the vn-itati n o yellow fa ftr.
upon the kind and hospitao e in ha itaaaoiour tea t
ful seaport city, ftava nah, which 1 am happy to say ha
been less destructive th*n at former periods th ugh n
has deprived her of some very va uable Ives, (to toe
bereaved I tender my sincere condolence,) >**t it ma> b*
sa das truly as in any former year, that tho devour*-!
has been rebuked, aud the pestilence whic j walketh id
darkness ba* b .en stayed; while tho Holy Spirit ba
bt6Q poured out, in many s.arts of oar State, lo more co
pious showers than in former years, cau mg the Chris
uian’s heart to leap with J :>y. and si g for g ad es>.
I earnestly Invoke * continuation oH.eee rich b en
Ing, upon tbe people of onr beloved Sta.e ; ud trn*
they m.v never bo uomindl.il of there ooD.Unt depen
deuce upon Him, t whose bidding Bute* And Empre
are created *nd isotroyed. JogßpH R BROWN.
Mortality Among Children —Tbe New York
Exorees of yesterday says: “We bad occasim I
yesterday to compare the record of deaths in tbe
Nursery and Child*’ Hospital with the record in tbe
Nuroery at Kindall'a island. The average ot
deaths for toe former, for all toe children received,
was but 21-100; tbe average of deaths in the latter
hbtitotton was 71,86, and 70 per cent, for each of
tbe three years past. The difference is enormous,
and such a fact ought to receive attention from th
oity authorities. This difference, however, nas it.
origin in a bad system, and in a false economy, it
one case, and in wholesome rules aud regulations it
the other. The lives of infants and li tie children
are saved at the Childs’Hospital aud Nursery bj
goodjratment aud good nursing, and not puttin,
too many ohildren under the ore of one person, cr
too mwiy in the same room At Rindall'e I.lnnd
no children are received under 2 years; and reason
ing from correct premises, all other things bein
equal, the mortality there should be mush lees thai
in the private institution, whereas it is nearly four
fold greater.
Alluding to the above facts, we are told by th,
earns journal that “toe voluntary system for super
intending the sick and the poor, founded as it i.
upon affection aud intelligence, study and expert
enoe, is a thousand times better than the m,re
getirng rid of the poor by building bouses and payiue
far services. These are well and necessary ; buts
kind heart and a wise bead must take the lead, i
the greatest good is to be accomplished.’’
Farm Profits.—During one week recently
there were shipped from 8t Albana Vt, 202,00’
pounds of cheese, worth $15,140, and 17# 197 pounds
of batter worth $29,771, bringing in to th*. farmer,
of that locality toe pleasant sum of sl4 921.
Lord and Lady Napier left Richmond ou Monday
morning far “Shirley ” the mansion of Hid Carter.
Esq., an James River; and after ,p ndmg two ui I
three days there, they wifi proceed to “Brandon,’ ’
Mr. Harmon’s plaoe, farther down.
Aneu-irn-ner Fall Trade, *c.
’ Having spent a day or two of ‘he past wee ‘n
this busy littie city, we note bri fly l* w laota •UO
I rtA ctions: .
I I It may not, from pre=ent appearances* oe
j long before it be both innmperand incorrect
|to speak of Augusta as a “ little city.” Indeed, it
is by some oonauiered wrong to do so now. A city
with more thau twenty thousand inhabitants 18
insignltioaut place, even in the old counties; aiuj
here at the S mth, where towns in gaueral grow
slowly, it mu t be allowed tot ke a rank of decided
| respectability. Augusta's growth has been so rapid
I of late years as to form an exoeption to tbe rule of
progress among our Sou’hern ie*. rh** • jra °y* i "*’y*
! makers have n it been \ble to keep up with her in
-1 creasing uumbeis. The very latest of them, of
| 1857, report her as having a popu ation >t 15.UW) ;
whereas it is thought, end one of -er most promi
n*-nr and accura ely-mtorinei citizens so remarked
to us the Other day, that 22 000 would be careely
above the m irk This increase eonrinu** to ad*
vauee daily; and should it not be retmd-d tv ni.y
fu ure counteracting cause, Augusta wul beoome
in lees than twenty years one of t >e most populous
and iuiocrtant cities of the South. The rai.roida
wiiioh converge, in her bosom a- it were, have been
th principal influences in unfoldn her capabilities.
There is no reas -n that these u fluences should oot
become more patent as the country becomes richer.
A single other road though ought to be built, to in
sure the city’s prosperity YVe mean nue to lead
out through the bears >f Edgefield and Newberry
districts, on the South Caiolma side, in the and rection
of Winsboro’ or Chester. Bmb a road would effec
tually secure to Augusta almost ihe entire trade of
not only Elgefield and Newberry, out also of Ab
beville, Avd rson, Pickens, Greenville. Laurens,
Union and Spartanburg dstricts; au<l it would
probably also draw’ ala g portion of the trade of
Eaiifisid, York and the Northern districts ot our
State. We say, if the people ot Augusta and sire to
clinch the nail of th-ir prosperity. this is the road
for them to build. They would also receive by ita
instrumuTaliy their fuil proportion of enytrade
that may hereatter be brought on by the Rabun
Gap route; and quite as effectually too a* they could
have done by the lately cout inputted road up the
Savannah Valley. The men ol Augusta are both
sagacious and bold in their enterpaises, and it will
be matter ot surprise if they ooutiuue much longer
to overlook the a ivantages withiu their which
we have barely indicated. It is no vision of fancy
to which we would call their attention, bu* a reality
thatw- uld tend as much as any other means ‘hat
cau be named, to make rb ir beautiful towu the C**-
cihnatiof the South. Do this, and the merchants of
Charleston would rot be slowed esHbli*hing their
wholesale houses in your uiid t There is already
lome temptation for them to do this. Increase
temptation by increasing the links ot y ur already
vaned advantages, and you will have them oer'aiu.
What then might not Augusta aspire to among the
cities of the South, those extensive commons of
hers, so superbly adapted for the purposes of a
treat city, —would then be speeoily converted into
squares of industiy and wealth,and mat y amaguifi
eent block would arise where to-day the cows are
grazing in undisturbed freedom. Surely nature to
tended tlu.ee commons fora considerable puip<*se.
Destiny is now almost pointing her finger at them aa
a spot to be called iuio requisition in the economy
of Southern prosperity. Let the men ot Augusta
be up and doing, nor suffer ihe present day to pass
unimproved. Thoy are already known for their en
ergy. and skill, and nerve. Now is the moment of
their fortune. They should strke while he iron la
hot. T ere are advantages within their reach of
manifold value Now is the hour for securing them.
Carpe diem , and Augusta will yet be, what all woo
.16 convenient to her most earnestly hope she will
he. the great inland city of the South.
2 The Pall Trade ot Augusta appeals to hive
been never so large as at present Business men
are driving agoou season in almost all the depart
ments of trade. In consequence, there is alo kof
tupe ond vivacity about the whole place. The
limits of business are daily extending up aud down
Broad Street, on the cross streets ul o, and on the
street parallel to Broad, near the#iver. Up Br ad
Street, m the vicinity of the Planter's Hotel, rent
has advanced three or four hundred per cent in the
last two or three years. Down Brood Street, op
posite the Augusta Hotel, and indeed on both
sides, the improvements are many and permanent.
Every tenement too is occupied, fro n the lower to
the upper market, and so oc< upi-d as to vive °vi
denoe of the stimulus of a genuine prosperity. Th#
outton lra ie'B larijo aud sir mu. H (ju pi ire*
have been readily paid thus far during the present
ue&son. Plnntera have been Kamlied to their oe ri’a
content. T iey hav therefore purchased liberally,
th*-y and their wives, and their daughters ; and the
tffVcts hava been largely felt in tbe uiy jjooae baoi
-0688. A more .plundid array of artielns iu ib'B de
partment was never seen m Auguilti belnre ; und
they have taken wings and fl *wn mo every part of
the surrounding country, marked down to the
lowest remunerative prices. W e ad veriise ;or many
of the very best of the dry-goods houses kr H
had occasion to examine their stocks. Aa of these,
O's the grocery ea ablbtmieuis cue ru t,
jewelry, and the drug houses, —the music slor a,
and so on, —they am nil in spanking condition, and
*ll doing well. See our columns for ihe best
Augusta In tues of nil kinds. We Cong) a ulate
hem upon their present cheerful and active sea
son. Nor does our congratulation spring from the
consideration of their generous patronage of our
pa, er, but rather irm the good wul wo have al
ways had towards their city and from a consol ua
ness of the advantages that continually accru to
our people from the increase of her means ..ud fa
cilities.
if The season of theatrical amusements has not
yet opened in Augusta. But a good one is aiit'ci*
pa'ed under the management ot Mr March nt
tiis company will be there about the 2<l h int-t An
English Opera Troupe will supply a portion of the
winter's aiim.-emenD; and among the stars ot me
legitimate drama, Miss Eiiga Logan is announced
It is probable, as we learned, that an experiment
will be made upon our E Jgt field boards by a purii n
of Mr. ainrcbaut's company during C ristinas We
imagine tuat many ot our oil zms would reli-h a
lew good entertaiaments about mat time, especial
iy it Mies L gan is to be one of the party- Iu Au
gusta the crania is poorly sustained. Those who
lead the ton never turn out. except at a representa
tion that.is really recherche, and then there is a
large religious class who never visit suoh places.
We aoaroe y kuuw whether they are rigfttor wrong
in this. E'tuh one’rt consilience ia hia own bast
monitor in auch oases. Augusta ia certainly tar
more a oily ot cumenes thin of theatre* and bails ;
and doubtless the cuatomary order and sobriety of
the piano are attributable to this happy iact. Vet
taw remark ia not made in enmity to the Drama
It as the world goes these t hings must be, w hy in all
reason let them he a> ranged properly and ermoled
well. And if it ia still to be the course of tilings
that young people must visit these seen* a of <• in
paratively innooent pastime, it is oeraiuly rational
that they should do so Within the influence of pi
*‘••iruy and under the check ot a prudent
moderation.
4 o*. are spinning a somewhat longer yarn
t han was intended One word, before cl aing,
about the Planter’s Hotel of Augu- u It is'a de
lightfully quiet and orderly establishment, and in
most respects a remarkably well kept house under
its present proprietorship. The table is decidedly
good an 1 the servants are admirab y disciplined.
Their attention, both ai table and elsewhere, ia
prompt and satisfactory. Many visiters concur in
regarding the Planter's one of the very best b >teis
m the country, Those are our sentiments at any
rate.— E dge/itid A dv* rt >• r.
Correspondence of trie Boston Herald.
New Treaty with spun.
United States Steam KriOatk Mimusippi.—
Hak dadi, Japan, Aug 18 -My last letter >o you
was dated Simona. which port we left 3d of
August and arrived here on the 6u. 1 presume
that before this reaches you, you will have re eived
(he intelligence, which will be hai ed with joy, that
our Cousul, Mr Hatris, has succeeded iu completing
his new treaty with the Japan Governmen ad
that it has been signed by the Emperor and sect to
our Government by Commod re Tatnali. Mi Gar
ris has labored hard to bring about this grand re*
idlt, and is deserving the congratulation of the whole
American people. By this new treaty the port of
Sitnoaa, of no account to us, will be closed, and the
beautitul harbor ot Lanagua.only twelve <>dies from
the city ot Jeddo, is to be opened io us for com
merce, dto Atter this treaty is ratified tnat portion
will be the residence of Mr. Harris. It U a beauti
ul ha r bor, easy of access at all times of th- y-ar,
well protected from all storms, and is no* like that
ot Simoda, surrounded at its extremes by sunken
r oks. It is Iso capable of containing a Urge
uumber of Hhips, while that of Sirnoda is lo‘ large
enough to allow more than three or four whips to nda
at anchor at the time time. Its proximity to tke
‘Jcurt of J(*ido will also make it convenient for
Mr. Hams.
The Japanese Government has deoided.ro send
an Ambassador to Washington in March next, on
the condition that our Government will convey him
and his stiiie to Panama in a Government ship en
route for the United BtAr.es. I learn that Mr. Uar
rio and Commodore Ta nail a sured the authorities
jf Jeduo t iat it w uld be gratifying to toe United
States Government arja its people to oo op > with
bis reques , and that the return mail woulu do doubt
bring orders to t a. tffot
Suuuny, August Ist, was an interesting one at
Simoda. At ten o’clock A M a 1 the boats of the
Powuatan and of this snip were reen pulling to the
aiding near the Consul residence, one m<le from
S proper, iihed wi’h officers and men, among
whom were Com. Tattnall, i-apt, Nioqolboo, and the
It-V Mr. Wood, chaplain of the Powhatau. Thu
arge party, numbering huudred, proceeded to
be Consul s residence tor the purpose of ateudmg
A vine worship oi Almighty God on Jap’-U'Se soil,
it was an interngtii g time to us all, end )he very
<lea of being able l.j worship the Most Hgh io this
imo of heathenism ad idolatry was extremely
gratifying Here, on the very so l from which the
ecree has gone forth h r centu>ies to the
iat, it me Almighty G>d himseit, or rnaD, or the
ievil sboul id -.re to ttep toot on Japeuese soil to
preach the reugion of the Must igu. Lh y should
jay the forfeit ci their uvee ; here it was that, on
is lsi da j ot August, 1868, turn huudred American
dicers ana seamen woishpp-d the true God with
ut being molested or * head. U v. Mr.
•Vood gave his text from A iicf-oaionian* 1, hnpter
i, veree* JX and X, auu hymns 107 and 113 from
ie Episcopal common prayer b ok were u> g with
ouch effect* by the choir of ihe Powhatan lha
Juapiain’s disc urse was a b<aulitui aLd e)- qu nt
ue, ana was listened t * lor an hour wrh the utmost
deuce by the American hearer*, while a vas crowd
■ Japanese gathered around the building to watch
ur movements. He remarkeu that it was the hap
jiest day iu his lire, and said that be should write
•ack to his ifienda among he h ildof New England,
.rid tell ttie u that h j ban prea bed the Gospel n
ins soil without molestation The ice is now bro
ken, and Americans are now allow* and to land, ;o
j reach, to trade, and have th* if consuls in J*pan.
in ten years from this time the sous oi Columbia
’in uumorouß m Jhj;uq us ut tbe Sandwich
The British Hi.ave Tr.dk —lt appear, froar. a
taiement in tbe tVasbingtou States, that tbe British
crew eteamabip Cleopatra, Commander
drived at Havana. on the 22d in.-tant, IO day.
ruin Amoy, wiib 374 coolie, iur Cabau lai 0., ou
ter coatmcta for eight year, of voluntary service,
he character of which has been frequent y desorib
and, a. well as the impo-itions and violence pracil ed
n this villainous system of the slave trade During
’ oe passage, the oificere of ‘h e British steam slaver
passed over the 3tae 76 dead cooties.
On the 24tc inslant, another British .crew pro
peller steamship, the Scotia, 801 l o mmander, 121
lay. from Hong K-rng and Cope of Good Hope, ar
ived bri g .ug 43J ooolies, out of 534 taken on bo rd
avtng wasted upon her ocean pa'h 124! Fon
jreeeat valuati.iri of the two carg -es eouuting 864
s .I j rets, $232 336 will he r o.ived by ‘heß ittoh
ecu ! ators in human flea! 1 ; leavi-g apt fi- oi near
$143 911 a:ter deuuo ing , urobißo money paid to
ouietoor head men—ekpen.es of bar- aooone, food,
- HOortation and ooitmUeioni Richmond Du
paUtk. m
State Electioks —On Tuesday congressional
elections we>e held in six Btate„-Illinois Maasa
*a“e S, Michigan, New Jersey, New York and
Viscon.in In Illinow there were three ti k t.,
Douglas and anti Douglas democrats and tepnbi
aus, in each oongrees oual di.trot exoept two. In
Vlassaohusettß thete were three tickets. Mansac.hr .
setts also chooses a Governor. Iu Michigan there
were tbe regular democratic anc republican tickets,
to New Jersey tbe matter is mixed up ainuig \uia
i ioans, republicans, dami orats ad anti Lecomptos
uetnocrah;. In New York four tck -is w. re bes •
the peupl- f r G .vernor, but iu several of the oon.
gressiontl dntrict* there was a • fu-ion” againettbe
deoiooratf. In Wlsco sin the O’ ly issue *” he.
tween the republicans and the democrat Tint*
elections determine the political character Os tb%
house in the next Congress.— Bait Sun.