Newspaper Page Text
Cfruntirlt & Sentinel.
lairmltßK Lcnrr Irani .ln|-
Xba V . 8. steamer Misti.eippi arrived at Hakoda
di oa the ijth of August, after a run of three day*
from Simoda. Ac cflieer oc board writs* ac inter
us letter to the New York Herald, from which we
ranks tha following extract!:
Tbe town contains bet ween four and five thousand
sacree. The number of lahabitanta oa t-e ij.aad ]
e estimated to be about twenty-five thousanand
Tbe moat prominent objects ot interes-s ere me
‘empse* one or two of winch are between two end t
three hundred feet square, the roofs of which are I
covered over with ii-e The streets are quite w.de,
and rim oar-biei with the water they are relied
wnh stave!, and ate kept very < lean, the Clou |
striets being narrower, and closed with gateways j
us wood. Tee homes are ail of wood, one or two !
atones high, and are closely packed together. They i
all bear tut marts ot hat :ng been built a (treat j
many years , a few.of them are painted, but they j
are not s> j good io. king an Uji*e in Kangaaaki, t ie
ground floors all being occupied as stereo or shops j
tor busier**. The roofs are covered with < lap
boalleoi two cr three ruches in width, and arc se .
cured to their places by a large number of ooboie
stones, some of which weigh fifteen or twenty
pounds Thrse clone*- answer the purp‘*se of nails,
and to the stranger quite a ridicu cu-“. right. Around
and on top of many of these houses arc barrels and
mbs .t water,renov iu care of Me. lie 1 j
. lint, ‘reies of their own invention, :
have several iiitu eng.uesu* u andarios
staLufiary. t'Ue ‘ * J , j i
are very mer.,n. , turn wni. h wa, yon Wil. a_d j
American ilvg hying rui snei ,> • p i ,
* : ■* , „ lime, our Cotmnl, who is a
on the ***£>*•"£bailing from Maine -
si*, me sufficient to impre-s |
*.* halt savin'*- lie rtand six teet and weighs
over two hundred ai.d twenty-live pounds, with |
Landsoipe long btack whnkers and a keen, sLarp j
eve He p-se-res all the qualifications .o enable |
2s to discharge the du-.e of hie office to the satis- j
l.ctionof hie government. On several occasions .
the Governor of the place attempted to interfere
with bun, but ban always got tbe worst of it. ‘the
Governor is reported to be a veiy arrogan anddea
otic man, and, as yon will ae, endeavored during
our slay, to make the t irepartof our visit anything
but agieeabte. Snort y aiur oar arrival, our geu
tfem&niy Capt Nicholson eeut liimuis respects, and !
leduesied bun to app-mit a day to receive his visit.
The Governor leigned sickness, and would not fix
onadsy. After some consideration, he, however,
yielded, an i politely received our captain, and du
ring onr sojourn showed all the at ten', ion due Lis
lank He ako endeavored to throw obstacles iu
the Consul's way iu regard to his luppiymg the ship
With provisions, 4.C.. bu- our six 100 Lei Down T.vs
ter soon brought bun to leiias. Since then, his Ex
cellency bus Oeen quiet. .
Tbe Goveraoi’a imuwdoo w lalae ceLire oi the
e u# p n t l>e top ot tue bill There ia noihiu* worthy
ol rwitwpboot lus home, which Wap am two story
building about two hundred teet lrotn tbe road, it I
is approacfied by a wide gravelled walk, on each j
sideol which are handsome banks, Covered over ,
with green grass. In Ihe rear of these are rows of
pine tir and other kinds ol foreet tress and near the
gateway ot Ibis Japanese palace is a small guard
house. Ad the arms I could discover there sere
two old Dutch flint innskele and a two pounder iron
cannon, <>u a truck, the wheels of Which were one
foot m tiameter. This ternnle howuxer stood ill
Uic doorway, pointing towarus 1 he road, ana was ail
that aftoided pioteotion to the To!ace ol Jlakadadi.
On the Sunday a'ter our arrival I accompanied
some friends to tue shore, end landed on some tine
stone steps at the Custom House—tbe very steps,
perhaps which Golownm descended Irom during
his captivity, forty years ago, alter havmg been con
lined m cages .rnd stocks lor three years. Her
we wete met by a large party of Custom IC .use
oflicials who welcomed us with a very pohte bow.
Pasting’ up tbe yard and out of the Cusi m House
gate we were met by hundredsof Japanese, young
Lid old, anxious to catch a glimpse at ns. The
alarm was soon spread ail over the town that there
were strangers in town, not however, by the peo
ple oat by the dogs, ot which the city is lull. They
w-e’ined to scent us out the moment we landed, and
Att-mg our wlmlejourney through the city they fol
• lowed us and set up a moat awiul barking, A Ja
nanese, who could talk good English, told us that
these dogs srac't a stranger out the moment he
landed they are of a breed, half wolt and hall
b ill dog, and are worse looking .hen the cayotes of
California and Mexico
notwithstanding the warm reception the dogs
save us we kept on cur course, the people running
out of their huus .a to look at us, while many ol
them saluted us with a polite bow, and with an
oil,, o yofl"—in English, “How do you do.’’ At
some’ places where we stopped for sight ceing the
children would tako a look at us, and then y.ll and
take to their lie. s. Wo were not watched nor
followed by any spies, a* on the former visit of this
Ship, but were permitted to go ahere we pleased
to enter their various temp'ev, Urst taking off our
shoes which is required ot all who enter them
Mod of these edifices ara handsomely ornamented
viUi gold silver, &c , with any number of idols
placed in different pans of the buildings, which np-
Lar to have plenty of worshippers, for we found
any number ol young amt old l uffing or worship
nine meide und around them. Asa means of de
fence to the el'y and hnbor, they have erected at
the ex.reme right ot the , ity a sionu tort, mounting
titt v vans of email calibre, and two made ot brass,
flit ten teet iu length ami ot eight inch bore, with
Innilf’ similar to tho.e used on our own guns, a pat
tern of them being given them when Commodore
Terry was hero but should it he necessary to at
lH< g'tho place with a navi force, this battery would
not prevent hs entrance into tbe harbot, owing to
he lac that the entrance H so w ide that va-sels
could pass in wiibout coming within rauge ot tbe
guns ol tbe fort. ,
h In- two brass guns are of very handsome work
mans tup. and arc kept very bright. This tort is
garrisoned by a largu number ot troops, like Nau
muuki and Simoda. The mandarins, policemen
mid troops, all carry two swords, a long ami a short
mm Their ortss is tho same as i heir neighbor ‘ ol
the other Islands. Asa general thing the people
are not so tidy or good looking as those ol the other
nortc and lin y do not onglay tho same intelligence
and politeness a„ their brethren at the other places:
neither do tbev show that disposition to make free
with Strang ars which we met wnh at Natigasabt.
■This however, is to bo attributed to the taut that
his Ex K-llenoy the Governor has a pretty sharp look
out over them.
A 1 goods or proviso ns sold have to pass through
thu Custom House , lor instance, 1 went into a store
ami bought some smoked salmon which amounted
to fort, cents the storekeeper did uot dare to touch
mv Mexican d..l ar, but he tooklbetish and bogged
me m loUuw I,mi to the Custom House Arriving
there, a distance of nearly Halt a mile, the officer ot
customs received my dollar, gave mo my balance
and n h tee nador receiving the pay lrotn that ot
hoer—that is, what was left after paying expert du
ty ou one old dried up salm n that from its looks
wan smoked years before out government over
thought of sending the lamented l’erry put hole
This is tbe wayu.l trade with loreigtiers m conduct
ed Even a tew string beans, cucumbers and ra
dishes have to pay that duty and be inspected by
an officer before leaving the shore.
X Yriilue physiciftu had aluck up mu rfliinglH
near tho Consul’s residence. From appearances 1
•bould nidge that it did not take Inm long to uiako
la. Charges for his morning calls. His uauie is Hates,
amt he is from Aduield, M iss , and very much ot a
gentleman No doubt, alter these people leave oil
some ol their preiudices, ha will have a good pruo
tice lu undergo. ‘ He is quite a young man and in
excellent health. The morals ot tho peoplo aie in
rather a low state, if cm. can he allowed to )u.ge
from the manner lu which they enlqy the luxury ot
hailiii g. They huvs uumerous batblug houses, m
which males nud females, young and id, a.l Hath
together io a perfect state ot uuuity, while crowds
ot spectators stand around to witness the sport.-
Modesty seems to tie an accomplishment that the
ladies ot Japan have not yet learned. Dadn sot
rank and woman of the lowest character, owned
and single, gentlemen and loafers, bath together
apparently as unconcerned at the moral effect o.
the scene as if they were eui iug the S| oris ot a pio
nic party. Houses ot a ceitain character appear to
be a government monopoly, tor those disposed to
v it*ii them have to procure a ticket, backed by a
Cuettun House otboial-
part ecason over forty American
wiuilcre have pu mtotk> |> port to rwruit Hiidnlit
ahip liy the way. t onsul liice has already held a
uitder the new treaty, and there are uow
a ton b lied in the catrea two whalemen who have
been tried betore him and sentenced an follows :
One a native of Philadelphia, tor stealing rnoi
ioakib to one year e hard labor the other, a native
of New York city, named Waters, for assaulting a
proetnute with a knife, to oue and a half year *
ÜBinbmmnent and hard labor, lucre ate two or
three distilleries in tha city for the nmnutaoturo of
ot which there are two kiuds—the strong and
tba ewcet We paid a visit to a foundry, where
the Japanese cast their gut* Here we is mud two.
vsrv targe brass cannon, partly , ‘iDplt-lea. they
were cf about eight inch Imre The workmen were
very civil to us. and showed us all the various
tools ami endeavored, as well as they could, to
make usundeistand how they used them We
visited a currier’s establishment, and here we found
them using tho same kind cf tools eur own curriers
use and dressing the hides in precisely the same
manner. Otter skin* and other valuable lure are
to be h and, but are mthar scarce
In every litlie bay or nook vrtitr-b indents this ex
tensive harbor or bay are located smalt towns and
villages, which pn sente a v ry pretty eight, and
t'dd mnoh to the baau'y of the eoenery. Nearly all
tie iunks in this port have sails that are made out
otnink. which is manufactured at Jctldo, and in
dneoern of quality it far eaoeeiie our navy nuck.
The island ja-seeeeee 00l mines, whioli on .y requires
capita) to be turned into icc; nut. Copper ha** also
been discovered, and to a small extent the Japanese
work the mined Tea and lice appear to be the
most important KM ides raised on the island, pro
bably for the eirnple reaeern that when a man mar
rim a female, among the vows he has to make one
e, tbai lie will takei are of her for life, and that he
will linn her plenty of tea ana rice.
The marriage ceremony‘s very simple. V lien a
man makes up his mind to take a certain lady he
bae to give utics to the Governor; he then takes |
his intended to an official mandarin, who marries ;
them In his presence the woman is forced to
pledge herseif to obey and live virtuously towards
her husband Tins is not bower er, required of the |
husband Is>t him the next day seek the society of ;
other females, the law will not punish him. Should
the wife, however,do to and eetk the company of i
other men, she is at ouce divorced from her bus- I
band and otherwise punished The crime of theft
is severely punished—for ihe second offense it is j
visited th death, no matter bow email the amount .
taken Hak.dadi, like allot er parts of ibewerld.
has her street beggars. They present quite a e.n I
gniarappends o . They w*ar Every rißiued .
hat a frock and white leggings, and e.rry in their ‘
hands a email bell, which they ring as they come in
{loot of a bouse or shop f ney thsu on nmeaoe :n
sanramr something until the woman cf the {stab
lisbmcnt comes out and gives them a piece of cash, ;
about ‘he tenth part of a cent. They then repea* a
blaming to the donor, and proceed on to tfer.eit
bouse in this country all chorines are bestowed by
.the temales—the males never give anything.
In Hskodadi the same regret has Keen expressed
tor tge death of the lamented l*erry as was evinced j
at jiah.’ssaki anu Simode. ‘ -
With a'l the ignorance aad idolatry the people
possess the'* are not without sc bools. A gentjeman j
dme that the city is divided into school I
districts which supported by a tax amountino
to about seventeen tsfuts of our money per year on
each family By toe cmmcipal laws the read of ;
the family is held resp*uuih!e and liable to be pun
tshed if he or she, as the .age may be, neglect to !
send their chiloren to school, i thing this would
work well in me of oar own large a'ies. On the ,
Uth and toil ~[ August v.e eunual esieoroUon u
the schools took pia e. i*u tlhse days the children, j
with their parents and fr.eiids to the nuuibir of ,
several le-usaud—the children ail r.efc.y attired in J
red and other colored silks, with banners with mot- ,
toes upon them, and several largs images of men, ,
women, beasts, horses. It., and accompanied with j
drums and tilts, manned through ttw various ;
streets, the Utile children making the air tin* with j
their voices cheerio* Ac. In the evening they
—am paiaded ihe siteets, aach one bearing a lon
ton. .of a much handsomer model than the Chinese,
Whole of which lit up ihe city and presents da
beaut flat sight to th.ee on board or the shipping m
an w* of the severity of tveir laws,
ImiU ni** circumstance that happened a tew
SS
teenstood fMtf by*” l ™"* ; • V ,mrvbrood Karlish
I had tinishmi bs spoke to me m very goo*
mandarin, with two swords stepped up ana would
not allow him to take my ema’i gifts, ‘emajkmg w
the same time, -it the bov tok* it be should arrest
him.'’ This is only one of instances of
the severity ot Japanese law*.
Yesterday fort-noon vUfl a grand race of Ell .be |
attached to the skip. The *igeai boat was
tfCHtiOiu*“<l one mile from the veaaei. and the boa’s
bad to *aVt from the thip and pall aronoa it back
to toe toicr, which wm d-nh in about twelv* min
atee by au th# our tfay/rtjtu'.’’ Harry Rams
gate. cox?train. i® victories eecondt
I ahead of the other six boats. In tbe afternoon
they sit hat a grand sailing match, the first launch I
i being the flag boat, with the pennant fiying in her
: bows. You wi'l perceive that we are endeavoring
[ to pass the tune as agreeably as possible.
EUROPEAN INTELLIGENCE,
i.l THE IMIIIN.
The Canted steamship Eiagara. from Boston via
H ffiiax, air.vec at Liverpool at eighto’olock on the
m -rtung of tha ITto u!t.
Toe American ship Pepcereil, Cspt. Dixey, from
I Ivew York for 80-deaax. reports having passed ta
Austria while on fire and saw a ship alongside.
The *eem,v ip r aiton was to leave Southampton
. for New York on the same day ;be Indian left
1 Liverpool.
I Guest Bmta/’ —the English news is quite un
important. .....
1 Aucioer demonstration against tbe introduction
of tte - nrw.-lonal in tbe church of England had
, tokrii pi&c* ic JxCiiidcu.
pe!'-uive w< ri? of tt very formidable nature had
i be> u foapltUd &i Fort Katila, on the Clyde.
Tbe London Morning Chronicle eays that the
(Jaiway hue of steamer* will certainly get a govem
| a ent o;ai! aubt dy at ieaat equal to that paid the
! Cunarders.
A letter from Valencia say 3 the ehore end of the
Atlantic cable waa about to be laid, and that ah tbe
, rxaff at \ .Ueiitia had notice to leave the com
! pauy on the -ibth ot November, unlests something
I favorable tarua up.
I Pari'.areent ha b€en further prorogued until the
I 18th of November.
, < dicer who threatened to ehoot tbe
, Newi aatle editor for librlmg bis father, the French
| Cornu), had been fined £./.
W tUinra Arm. rd 5r hemp manufacturers,
• had failed ; ltab hies email.
)■ k*sc r —-A difficulty ha? arben between France
<>bd Brazil in regard to the property ot French
an jerrte dying in Brazil. The French Coneu! bad
struck hinfiag at Parnambupo and appealed to hia
government.
Ihe French Ambassador at Home had, by direc
tion of the Emperor, made a strong r**presentation
to the Pope nghioat the recent abduction by the
Catholic* of the .)*wiah child at Mortara.
M&nufa<;tcrerfl were weli employed, but the for
eign orders were not t*o extensive in former year*.
A rtlight rise in epirite is recorded.
1 was reported that the French government had
refused to permit England to act cither aa arbiter
| or mediator between France and Portugal.
The Bourse wa? declining. The Three per cents
| opened on the i‘.Kh at ?.'ff and closed at 73f. 10c.
PoKTfiiAL.—The two French men of war remain
i ell at Lisbon. Two British vessels had also arrived
in tbe Ta^u?.
Hakoykr.—ln cotiiequence of the earnest repre
sentations of the government with reference
to the abolition of the Srade Due?, Hanover had
declined to send an agent to London with full pow
ers to negotiate the eflair.
pKL'sm.—lt was said that the Prince Regent had
deetd and on prK*’aimiDg a political amnesty to all
persons compromised since the evening of 1848.
At r TE la Reports were current that Consul
Bum Lad resigned the Ministry ot Foreign Affairs,
and w ould be succeeded by Baron Bach, the pres
ent Minister of the Interior,
j Ucssia — Tremendous fires are reported to have
I occurred at Orel, aud 500 buildings are said to have
been destroyed.
Mok cco.—A despatch from Algiers aays the re
port- and n- j as.-'.nation <f tbe two Laropean Vice
Consuls is believed to be pure fiction. On the other
hand, the Paris journals say the mansacre is con
firmed, one being certainly the French Vice Consul,
but that ia doubtful whether the other is English or
pant*b.
Bosnia. —An insurrection ia reported to have oc
curred atL vny, a Bosnian town of importance on
the fctrviau frontiers. No particulars are given.
The Latest.
London, Oct. 20,1858.
The Bombay mails, the news by which hoe al
ready been telegraphed, reached London this morn
ing.
The London Daily News (city article) says the
funds opened flatly on Tuesday, and during the
greater part ot the day a reduction of one-eighth
was quoted. At the close there was more firmness
at fui.y Monday’s rates The share market was
fiat, butclo ed firmer. Jb‘dß,(H)o in gold during the
day were sent, to the bank. Gold remittances were
being made to tbe continent, owing to the lees sat
isfactory rate of the exchanges. The discount mar
ket- remained en-y.
The London Times (city article) says that on the
Stock Exchange money was procurable at 14 per
cent., and in open market the general minimum rate
was two percent.
China —The London Tunes complains that the
part played by Mr. Reed, the American Commis
sioner to China, wa? worthy of his countrymen. It
says when the English and French wore demanding
natural rights for all mankind, Mr Reed begged h
treaty for himnelf and his nation, aud that this
treaty contains no provision for free transit through
thocountry.no provision for the opening ol new
ports, and no provision for an amended tariff.
Russia —The disturbances in flie eastern prov
inces of Kiiwia were more serious than at first rep
resented, and in the Southern provinces the insur
rection of the peasants had assumed an alarming
aspect.
ARRIVAL OK THg FULTON.
The Times sr.ys; The extraordinary perfection
attained in locomotive steam power, as evinced by
tbe success of Bray's traction engine, in daily ope
ration In Woolwich Dockyard, has attained a high
degree of interest. A memorial is about to fie pre
pented to the government, through some of the first
heuseein London, which will Lave the concurrence
of all who desire to sec the law of Eogland respect
ed, and the public saved from the reproach of per
petually acting upon impulse in dead of conscience.
011 Sunday next, Mr. S'ratmn, who was sentenced,
with his pat liter. Sir John Paul, to 14 years penal
servitude, will have completed three years ot that
tejm. The feeling id that his punishment should
now end.
The Tivies published a brief report by telegraph,
on Saturday, of a railway accident on the Birken
head, Lancashire and Cheshire Junction Railway,
by which about #d persons were injured.
Fiom the London Times, Ort.Wth.
Or tt Tif.n sien Treaty with China—Thk
Amkhu an Minister overhauled—Lord Elgin
oiviN.iMu.RKED the Fool’s Mate. —From the
commencement of the rupture with tho Chinese
authorities the position of America has been one of
complete security. Her interests did not rest, as
they did previously to the treaty of 1812, upon a
mere confidence, however well-grounded, that
KugUmd would oontinue to pursue a geuerous poli
cy, atul would hold open for the world the door
which hs had forced open by her own power. The
United States had a direct stipulation with the Chi
nese government that they should participate in
any privilege that might thereafter be granted to
any other power. It was quite open to thorn, there
fore, to look ou from a distance, and to quietly take
possession of a 00m non interest in any concessions
that England might obtain. Pornaps it had been a
wiser course, it certainly would have been a les3
expensive course, had she contented herself with
this attitude. She, however, thought otherwise.
Mr. Rood was dispatched to China as the Plenipo
tentiary of this first-rate power. The pacific char
acter of hia mission was shown by hia being sent
out in a ship which was more powerless than a com
mon opium clipper for any purpose cf coercion.
Be 1 ore leaving the shores of his native country
Mr. Reed was feted by the commercial community,
lie boasted that he was uot a professional diploma
tist, but a man of plain mother wit; he renounced
all crooked proceedings and secret intrigaefl, and
promised to act, as in fact all first-rate diplomatists
do act, with candor and resolution. In due time
Mr. R -ed arrived in the Chinese waters. We pass
over the first circumstances of his ambassadorial
career. His secret overtures to Yeh were not, per
haps, very monstxative of hia candor, and the
r eignaiion with which he submitted to the snub
bing administered to him by Yeh was not very cre
ditable to his resolution. Such a* it was, however,
it was a diplomatic failure. It as the essay ot a
tyro in the lower walks and bypaths of diplomacy.
It was like the rude attempt of a countryman io
imitate the tricks of a juggler. Had he stuck to
his honest common sense he might have held his
own ; but his clumsy attempts at slight-of hand only
made the old professed fagglets smile at his imita
tion and his failures. But Canton fell and the
scene of act ion was moved to Peiho.
Thither Mr. Reed followed, and by tho aid and
under the protection of the English and French
guns, he was enabled to proceed up the river. We
do not a?k w hat might have beeu expected of him
there, as the representative of i\ close ally and kina
man power; we ask only what he might be expect
and to do as the agent of bis owu countrymen. We
had a right to speculate that the man was sent out
by the American people to watch this important
business should 10. k closely atter American iterests.
We know that next to ourselves the Americans are
interested in commerce with China. Looking a lit
tle ahead, and having regard to her increasing
population, her growth of cotton, and her
tian of tea and e:lk, it is scarcely too much to say
that the American people are even more vitally in
terested in opening up this great region to the in
dustry aud to the wants of the Auglo-Ssion race
than eveu we home-bred English arc. The iuter
eats of the two nation? were ineeporable. We both
had the “favored ua’ion clause,’ and therefore the
utmost that either got must be shared by the other.
It might have been imagined that a m&n of com
mon sense and “mo 1 her wit” would have taken a
plain business view of the question, and would hare
been content to give the moral weight of his coun
try’s infiut nee to the cause of civilization.
To the astonishment eveu of the Russians, who
had not hoped forsofenda dupe, the American
minister was found to be America's most intracta
ble enemy. Whether he had some private crotchets
of his own, or whether bethought—a oommon error
with emaiterers—that the ways of a diplomatist
must necessarily be tortuous, he was always on the
side of the Chinaman, and always against bis own
countrymen. He once, we are told, in no confi
dential or diplomatic conversation, was told by an
English official that his sentiments were more
Chinese than those of the Mandarins, and that he
wouid be better placed at the Court of Pekin than
as Minister for a civilized State. and his answer
was an svowa l that he thought very mu. has the
1 Chinese thought npon many of tke'suhjects uuder
I discussion. Meanwhile, when the English and
! French were demanding natural rights for all man
kind, Mr. Itecd begged a treaty for himself and his
! nation. That treaty is now before us. It consists
1 of thirty articles, and is the exact measure of what
America wouid have obtained if even with the ad
vantage of the English and the French guns, her
interests cad been left to the management of her
i own representative.
I The first article of this document provider tint,
“it any other nation shall act unjustly or oppres
sively. the Halted Stated will exert the:rgood ofti
• ivtf.ou being informed of the c ‘.96, to bring about
; an amicable arrangement of the question not a
; very sulstartial stipulation, and only remaik&bio
as a commentary upon Mr Keen e deolared desire
? a. oid entangling alliances. The tifth article erm
! sere on the United States the right to send a Minis
ter to Pekiu, but under condition that be is not to
stop there,or to have more than tweuty peisous
with him, or to come into theJ'eiho in a ship-of
war, or to stay when his business w done, or to come
i without having busines to do. The fourteenth arti
• <*-le opens to American commerce the new ports of
Swatow an : Taiwan, both of which were already
) in undisturbed exercise of foreign commerce. But
‘ this most unnecessary article, as we read the treaty
| is cl ggedwith the ; rovision that any subject of
the United Sta f cs engaged in contradanfl trade
shall be dealt with by the Chinese local Authorities,
i without protection from the government of the
United States’
When it is remembered that Mr Reed was moat
careful to use terms which should include the im
■ pollution of opium, in order, as it was suggested,
J to spite the Bikishfor their crusade agaicsr slavery
—au.i as ; U giii.* emiuent houses n Hong Kong deal
i in that drug, it may be imagined what the treaty
; rights of an American citizen would have been in
j China uudet this treaty. This is toe whole of the
. document, so far as any new concessions are eon
; cerned. I'iiere is no provision for free iramsit
through the country, no new ports, nc prov ision for
an amende i ta: ijT, nothing U>at could be of the least
j value to any cam of merchants wishing to export
j -rum the harbor* of America, or to import from the
• inner waters, or the northern sea-coast of Chiua.—
: Having concluded this famous piece of diplomacy,
I Heed was ot contented with his achievement. He
! not eatuhed to have made this wretched bar
gam for his country; he was most desirous that
j Lord Elgin should not make a Ottler bargain for her
< and ior civilization in general,
i The Chinese Commissioners had agreed by letter
I to the English and French demands, the treaty
j Lad been draughted, and the hour had been named
for the signature, when suddenly Mr. Heed and
! Coast Patiatine eougkt solemn audience of Baron 1
} bns ami represemeo to him that it Was ti e height I
‘ 4 oppre.'fiou to insist upon any resident Embassy j
‘ a! Pekm that the tree transit through the country
| was a most uselem and offensive demand : and tha’
the additional port* never could be agreed to We !
I are told that the*- remonstrances were preaeed so
strongly upon Baron Grew that he, who cad nospe !
! < ial snteres! in the c->mmeicial etipuiationa. woul t
i have given up the points had he not been* urine need |
! by a ioya 1 regard tor the unity of the counsels of I
| England and Franc?. ’We are farther told that the |
| two remonstrant rowers even forged or believed :
the table that the Emperor of China had sent down ,
an edict positively forbidding the Mandarins to con- 1
j cede theee poinie.
For s>me hours the whole of the substantial bene- j
! fits ot this treaty were in peril—we are stating no
thing which was not well known throughout the ■
whole expedition—and the A merieana were insanely I
reioiciDg at the apparent success of an intrigue that \
he beneficial |oniy to the Chinese and the 1
Russians, would b\ indifferent to the French,
und would be vitally injurious to ike English
acd to the Americans. By great ability and
great firmDees, the threatened danger was a void
ed. Prompt counsel was taken, a countermine was
sprung, and again the clumsy player was checked
by a fool's mate. But, a 3 we understand, some
privileges were given up which would have been
very useful to the merchants of both countries, net
beeaure they would not have been conceded, nor
because the reasonably hostile icfiuence of Russia
was feared, but because it would not have been
safe to dally longer with the oppoeition of Russia,
while Russia could count upon the insensate assis
tance of America.
This is as much of the atory of the treaty of Tien
rin as may be pnbliciy known and publicly stated.
The fact? are freely talked ot, and we believe there
ia no doubt of their correctness. We think they ,
ought also to be known in America. This >s not u j
question between the two countries. W’e are quite
sure that the American people are as anxious to
carry their drills up the Y'ang tse and to exchange
them there for low-priced teas and silks as the mer
chants of London can be, and that they would have
been quite indignant, if the result ot recent events
had betn no better than Mr. Reed’s silly treaty ou
ws :n England should have beec. It is only fair to
let them know how badly they have been served io
this matter, anti how unreasonably the moral infiu
ence of their country has been used against ua aud
against themselve?.’ Throughout the whole of this
JaUer scene no diplomatist ever made a weaker
figure than that made by the American representa
tive he has not only caused us both much per:),
but be has dose us both harm; he has been in a 1
things the tool of the Russian, whose opposition was
sensible enough arid to be expected ; and be hue
succeeded oniy in fixing upon the Chinese inind an
indelible conviction that—“that American man
only number two class Englishman.”
BY THE AMERICA.
The etoamuLlp America, with Liverpool dates to
the 23d t >ctoter, arrived fe at Halifax on Thursday,
4th inst:
The projectors of the Galway line have purchas
ed the screw eteaznsr Circassian. She takes the
piace of the Prince Albert from Galway, Oct. 26 h.
A correspondence between Mr. Lever ana Mr. Ha
milton, Secretary of the Treasury, on the subject of
a eubstdy tor the Galway line, aud the renewal of
tbe Messrs. Cunard contract, is published.
latter eays “the extension ot the Cunard contract
was assented to ia March last, btfoie the Galway
undertaking wa3 mooted, but that there is nothing
in il to interfere with the arrangements for the pos
tal service via Galway ; also that Mr. Cunard has
undertaken increased services and submitted to
the additional conditions.
A telegram Valentia, reached London ou
the night of the 20th, staling that iuteiiigiblejaiguals
were again being received from Newfoundland
through the cable The signals were very distinct,
and the words received were “Daniells now in C'ir
cult.” Authority was at once given to use the Da
uiellfl battery likewise at Valentia. In his letter lu
the press announcing the gratifying fact Mr. Saw
ard, Secretary of the Company says : “This how
ever, though encouraging must nut be regarded as
a p?ru uncut state of things, a? it ia still clear that
auy except the most extraordinary and to the cable
dangerous efforts can be made, more especially on
this side, to overcome the existing obstacles in the
way of perfect working. It is aid that the Compa
ny wi l probably send out one of Henley's new and
powerful electric machines to Newfoundland. The
shares rallied to £ 3so® £4OO, with sales at £365
Tue Loudon limes continues to attack Commis
sioner Reed for bio part iu the Chinese negotiations
c haracterizing him as the catspaw of Russia. The
Tur.es eulogizes the diplomacy ot the Russian Min
ister, and eays. the treaty he obtained, deserves to be
ranked among the highest order of diplomatic pa
pers.
It had beeu finally agreed with the consent of
four filths of the shareholders of the Great Eastern
that the original Company should be dissolved, and
that the cost of building and launching the ship
L610,1)00, should in the new company be reduced
one half.
The Bank of England continues to abstain from
reducing the rale of discount, notwithstanding the
great ease of the meney market. Loans ou tbe
Stock Exchange were obtainable on Government
security at one per cent. In the discount market
tbe minimum rate was two per oent.
France. —The French Portuguese question re
mains iu statu f/uo.
The Coiigay had arrived in the Tagus with the
French attache on board, but no definite arrange
ment had been come to.
Considerable modification in the recent stringent
passport rules were being made. The Minister of
me interior had sent order to the frontiers and sea
port towns for authorities to consider passports
henceforth as a title to aid, and not a cause for de
lays or annoyances.
Paris, Friday.—There are reports that Portugal
is uot disposed to concede tha demands of France.
M. De Pinnea, charged with despatches for the
French Minister at Lisbon, has arrived in that city
and delivered his instructions. M. Da Paiva, the
Portuguese Minister, was to arrive at Lisbon on tbe
31st.
The Three per Cents, have further declined, clos
ing at 72f. 88c.
Two more French man-of-war l ave arrived in
the Tagus.
Spain.— Several ships had sailed with troops for
tho West Indies.
Several Madrid journals had been seized and
fined for political articles against O’Donnell.
Prussia. —The Chambers were opened at Berlin
on the 20th, by a speech from the Prince of Prussia.
After some introductory remarks in regard to the
King’s health, the Prince said that in obedience to
the royal wish, and in consideration of existing cir
cumstances and the precedents of the country, he
had accepted the responsibility of the regency. It
was his serious intention to do henceforth what the
constitution and the laws required, and he expect
ed that the Chambers would do the same. The
Prince promised to communicate to both Chambers
the documents relating to the regency. <)n the fol
lowing day, the Chambers unanimously re-elected
the officials of last session, and a Message was re
ceived from the Regent with documents relative to
the regency, lie rt quests the Clumbers to acknowl
edge the necessity lor the regency.
Russia. —Russia’s possessions on the Amoor wore
being rapidly develops , and Russian engineers
had proposed a railway from the Gulf of Castries to
a cont ingent bend of the Amoor.
Morocco. —Tho reported massacte of two Euro
pean Consuls at Tetuan turns out to be untrue.
Turkey.—A formidable insurrection had broken
out in Pasaaevina and many Muss&lmen had been
killed. Troops were marching to the disturbed dis
tricts.
India.—Bombay letters of September 24th with
tho details of the late telegraphic advices are re
ceived, but they add little of moment to them
Operations were being carried on without flagging,
agninst the scattered rebels.
Tue Bombay Times says the strength of the re
bels in Oude aud the adjacent districts is estimated
at 70,000 men aud 56 guns.
It was said that nine oolumus would be orga
nized at Lucknow to traverse tbe country iu dif
ferent directions, while the Commauder-in-Chiof
would remain at Luckuow to watch the progre63 of
afiiirs.
The Times’ correspondent writes that if any cre
dence is to be altacned to the number of Sepoys
reported slain, not lees than thirty eight or forty
thousand have been killed or executed, aud that if
to this is added the casualties by sickness, wounds
and want there is probably not more than twenty
per cent, of tho original Bangal army in existence,
not. including the disarmed regiments.
It is paid there is to be a general amnesty ou the
proclamation of the Queen's authority.
Latest by Telegraph from London to Liverpool.
London, Saturday, A. M —The Daily News’
City Article of yeateiday evening says: “The funds
remain fiat, and have again declined one eighth per
cent. This reduction was in no email degree due to
the dullness of business in the other departments of
toe block Exchange. Considerable steadiness con
tinued to prevail in English Railway Stock, how
ever, which, though dull at one period of the day,
left off quite as good as yesterday. The discount
market was very easy. There were no bullion
opeiations at the Bank. Where any alterations
were observable in the Foreign Exchange this
afternoon, it was in an unfavorable sense.”
Times’ City Article.—' l he English funds were
dull throughout yesterday at the lower prices of
Thursday evening, and at one time there was a
considerable increase of business caused by the
fact of the government broker not having made Lis
usual purchases, coupled with a report regarding
the unsettled state of Turkey, and also of the Mon
tenegrin question. Most of the principal joint stock
banks seem desirous of receiving further amounts at
call, and refuse to allow more than one-and-a-half
per cent.
The gold known to be ou its way from St. Peters
burg amounts to £ 180,000, and additional quanti
ties are expected. Various amounts of Russian
gold continue to arrive in Holland, whence, in the
present state exchange, they are dispatched to
Paris. Rumors ol a Russian lo&n continue to circu
late, but as yet they are believed to be wholly
founded on surmises caused by the recent reflux of
specie from that country, and its known wants for
rail way aud other purposes. Private letters from
Paris describe a want of activity, owing most like
ly to a temporary drain of money t Vienna, and
state that prices seem to be withou -nherent life,
aud to depend entirely upon the sup port of leading
operators. From Germany the accounts are of a
similar character and there is great repugnance to
speculation. No one, it is said, will iuvest in any
foreign country, and the only foreign securities that
are saleable are direct government bonds. A Rus
sian loan, however, it is thought, would be well re
received.
Paris, Friday night.—The unfavorable reports
circulated ou tho Bourse about the affair with Por
tugal have uot been confirmed by auy despatch. It
is believed that to-morrow the result ot the negotia
tions at Lisbon will be known, and a favorable so
lution is firmly expected.
La Pretse of last night reports, with reserve, ru
mors of an insurrection in Servia, and believes that
Austria ts disposed to intervene for the interest of
Europe.
The Greek Christiana iu Bosnia who have been
committing terrible outrages on the Musselmen
population have a belief they will be supported by-
France and Russia in a dismemberment c-fthe Turk
ish Empire and the formation of a Greek Constant;-
nopoiitan State.
London, A. M.—The Daily News referring to the
Bank return observes that a decrease of more than
half a million Lu reserve and of nearly a quarter of a
million in coin and bullion sufficiently accounts for
tbe maintainance of the Bank rate of discount.
The Mortiog Post understands that the channel
fleet has been ordered ta.Lisbon.
The Austria —The American ship Pepperell,
Capt. Dixey, trom New Ycrk for Bordeaux, reports
having parsed the Austria while on tire, and saw a
ship alongside.
The above is part of ti e telegraphic despatch of
the India's news received at Quebec. We would
lain have believed that the statement wa? au un
truth or an exaggeration, birt unfortunately for the
honor of our mercantile marine and for humanity,
it is confirmed by our European papers received by
the Fulton. It seems almost incredible that a sailor
entrusted with the command of a ship could pass a
steamer of the size and character of the Austria,
with but a small vessel alongside to receive her five
hundred passengers and crew, and not himself stay
the progress of hie ship, and render bis full share of
the needed assistance; and we are mortified as well
as surprised that such inhumanity should have a
home m the breast of au American Captain, a cha
racter that ail the world baa learned to respect for
his humanity and chivalry when he has met a broth
er sailor in peril at sea. Every American will ex
pect Capt. Dixey, of the ship Pepperell, to wipe
•his at am from his professional character iT it is poe
ribie to efface it.— N. }*. Com. Adr.
Sailing of a Colonization Ship. —The ship
Mary Caroline Stevens left Baltimore Wednesday
afternoon, on her fourth trip to Liberia, with emi
grant? and freight. Among her cabin passengers,
are Kev. Mr. Sr one and wife. Baptist missionary .
Revs. Messrs. Rsmbo and wife, Messenger and
wife, and Hubbard and wife. Episconal missionaries
all pf whom are going to Carvalba; Revs. Messrs.
Elliott and White, for the Menrii mission , Bishop
Barns. Judk-** James, Thornes Cheater, Rev. John
Seys Miss Kilpatrick, Miss btr-bel. and Dr. Lan
*oril and wile, tre also among tho cabin paaoengers
There are fifty emigrant paaaengers—at) ot whom
aretTom MxseM*m*etto. 8 from North Carolina, 7
from Maryland, 5 from Kentucky, 4 from Virginia,
J from l’c'nn-yiv&nia, and J from South Carolina.
Amongst the freight is a large quantity of agricul
tural implements, and there are JlO.UriO in gold for
! persons in Liberia, from their former misters ia this
; country. Tee emigrant passengers consist princi
j pally of families who go to their new home to rear
I their childreu as eitissns of a Republic.
Si' Catholic Cuxermr Fall**. —We learn
from the New Orleans Catholic Standard, of the
211 uit, that six Catholic prisats have fallen in that
city since the epidemic commenced, viz : Ksv.
Messrs. Aubert, Girard, More, Cavanaugh, Basin,
Daqueanav and Yogien. A number of others have
b?en attacked by the epidemic and are now conva
lescent. We learn from the-eame paper that within
six months that diocese has loet no less than sixteen
of its priests.
Docglasites— Stephen Arnold Douglas, and
Fred Douglas, one a negro, the other a white man,
both lectaring and stumping the people of Illinois,
and favoring Black R.pub icanism. Comment is
unnecessary — AU>any Patriot.
Further Loin the Rto Grande—lnteresting
from Mexico.
The Brownsville Flag, ot the 27th ult, furnishes
the following summary of the latest Mexican news
received at that place. It is interesting, and goes
to show that the cause of the Liberate is not so
desperate as, on hearing of Vidaurri’s defeat, we
were led to expect. According to this account, j
400 of Vidaurri’e men, taken prisoners by Miramoc, ,
were subsequently missacreed by his soldiery. It \
seems that these Mexicans cannot imagine a victory !
unless it is signalized by inhuman butchery, of de
fenceless prisoners.—AT. O. Pic.
By the last mail from Monterey we have the
Boletin Official, of the 16th, which brings some in
teresting news. Gen. Vidanrry bad resigned his
position a? “generai-in-chief of tbe army of the
! North,’ and conferred tbe charge upon Coi. Zara
! gosa, of Monterey, who had already began an active
j reorganization of tbe Liberal troops. He had al
ready equipped force oi more than two thousand
men.
A forced loan had been imposed upon the com
merce of Monterey, and a voluntary contribution
had been opened, by which combined means it was
thought that soon ample funds wouid be raised,
enough, at least, to enable the frontiersmen to sally
out upon their enemies.
It has been stated that “treason in camp” has
been the cause ot Gen. Vidaurri’s defeat, as the
following tacts, stated by a Boletin of recent date,
will ehow : It seems that several of Viiaurri'a guns
had been spiked by someone in camp, previous to
the attack by the enemy, who made a simultaneous
charge exactly upon the point where the battery
thus disabled had been placed ; feeling confident
that the fire of muskets would be the only resistance
to be met with and before that point could be re
inforced, the enemy bad gained too much ground.
Confusion ensued, and the Liberal chiefs, thinking
that all was lost, led a hasty, and, it is said, ai. in
glorious retreat. Lieut Nunez, of the Liberal
army, a Spanish merchant named Fiorencio Alvo,
and several others, are charged with the treason
which is said io have occasioned the defeat of the
Liberal army at the North.
Tue Reactionists, who have now a comparative
ly free scope of country on which to rove, are com
mitting all sorts of depredations upon every body
and everything that belongs to or has belonged to the
Liberal party. They fell, recently upon the hacien
da of El Caneio, bel nging to Gen. Aramberri, a
Liberal, and after pillaging its contents ad libitum ,
and dispersing the inhabitants, they set fire to it,
leaving nothing but the ashes as vestiges of w nat
is said to have been a beautiful place.
Gcnls. Pueblila, Huerta, Coronado and Blanco
were, by last accounts, threatening tbe city of San
Luis, which is now the stronghold of the Reaction
ists They bad a very respectable foroe, their
soldiers were well armed and equipped, and they
were anxious to encounter their enemy. Doubt
less a battle, may soon take place between the
combined forces of those chiefs and those of Gen.
Miramon.
The Northern chiefs, Gaiza and Vidaurii have
received tbe official report of the total defeat of Ca
.ic.nova at Guadalajara by Gen. Degollado, aud the
capture of that important place by the latter. Iu
this aebieveme; t the Liberals have recovered all,
if not more, than Vidaurri lost before San Luis;
thi3 being so, they can be said to remain iu their
former state, notwithstanding the partial defeat of
the Northern forces.
In the engagement bet ween the Reactionist forces
and those of Vidau.Ti 400 of the latter's men were
captured by the former, who, after se’ them dis
armed and taking from them their most valuable
equipments, ordered his second in command to teke
them from his sight aud do with them as he thought
fit. This inhuman wretch, who well knew what
would ensue from such a course, placedthem in the
hands of his soldiery, who were just then in a beast
ly state of intoxication. They fell upon the cap
tives, A'ho were entirely defenceless, and a horrible
massacre followed. At the end of the terrible scone
the lifeless bodies of four hundred human beings
were found stretched upon the ground, mangled and
weltering in their blood, a pa ent sacrifice to the
holy cause ofliberiy.
A rumor has been rife in town that Zul . aga bad
deserted the capital and gone south, in quest of some
port where to embark for some foreign country. Os
course, this is but a rumor, yet it is to be hoped
there is some foundation for it.
Dir. Albert Bm!th at Hong Kong.
llong Kong, Angust 22.—“ Here we are all safe
and sound, among them at last, surrounded by juDks
and pigtails, and noble ladies and gentlemen. I have
bought the enclosed pictures from a splended mer
chant who has come off to the side ot the ship on
three planks, by the aid of a broomstick. We left
Singapore on the 23 1 ult. I was immensely delight
ed with it; it is quite a Chinese place. The shed
shops are such rich places, they sell the most won
derful things in them, —toys and gods and lantejns,
and queer crockery. The filth they eat in the eat
ing houses far sui passes that cooked at that old trat
toria at Genoa. It consists for the most parts of
rats, bats, snails, bad eggs, and hideous fisb, dried
in the most frightful attitudes. Some of the resta
rautcurs carry ttieir cookshopa about wiili them on
long poles, with the kitchen at one end and the salle
a manger at tho other. These are celebrated for a
soup made, I should think, from large caterpillers,
boiled iu a thin gravy with onions. The barbers also
catry their shops about aud they shave, cut beards,
and riyringe ears right in the middle of the street.
“A Cmnese merchant asked me lo dinner, I
went, of course, aud after dinner wo started for the
theatre. They played a Chinese opera, with abuut
50 performers; there were lots of devils in the
piece, with tumbling and fighting in every scene.
They only had one clarionet and two gongs in the
orchestra, but when there was a situation in the
piece one fellow knocked two hollow cunee togeth
er to show the audience they were to applaud. The
merchant lives in first-rate style and has a wonder
ful gatden. All the fruit trees are very small, there
were pines like oabluges, and a quantity of a large
creeper called ‘monkey cups,’ because down the
stalk there are regular pitchers and tops filled with
water, from which Jacko refreshes himself in the
woods. There were also among his live stock Cash
mere'goats, porcupine?, kangaroos, Pekin pigs, aud
Brahmin bulls, and in the jungle across the valley
tigers and all sorts of novelties. I slept cn shore
that night, or rather I went to bid, but I could not
sleep, as 1 mused the noise of the screw and the
creaking of the timbers, and the bed was too
steady.
“The last bufore we get. to Hong Kong we
had an ‘entertaimnent’ on board, aud 1 was utage
manager. We made a first-rate room of sails and
bags, and tho whole affair went off capitally. There
are no hots hat Hong Kong, but a very nice club
with bedrooms. 1 was proposed and elected as
soon as I arrived, so that is very jolly. To-day
they hold a Chinese fete in honor of their dead rela
tion?. They keep firing c ackers all day in the
streets and burn those long pastilles. I don’t think
they care much about their religion ; they go into
the temples to get cool, or sit down, cr go to sleep.
The children are frightened at the gods, they are bo
hideous ; they roar with terror when they are placed
in front o’ them. The people walk about with their
hats on, and whistle and smoke, and do what they
like ; the merchants selling gilt paper and pastilles
sit round the sideH, and sometimes they beat a gong
to attract customers. Nothing that I write now can
give you tho least idea of this wonderful place ; I
tee every hour how Very faithful Cook’s descrip
tions were.’
Melancholy Death —lt is our painful duty to
note the death of Mr. Thomas Baltzell, Jr., son of
the esteemed Chief Justice of Florida. Hou. Tbos.
Baltzell. The facts are as follows, os well as we
have been able to gather them : Mr. Thomas Balt
zell, Jr., who resided at the Navy Yard at Pensa
cola, where be held the important post of Assistant
Civil Engineer, was returning to his home on board
tbe steamer Calhoun, together with hia wife from Tal
lahassee, where he had been on a visit to his father’s
family. The steamer arrived iu Apalachioola Bay
ou Saturday last, Oct. 3Uth, and lay at tbe West
Pass anchorage waiting for the mails. A little
girl, daughter of Mrs. Hazard, one of the passen
gers, fell from her chair on the herric&ne deck and
rolled overboard, when the gallant and kina heart
ed Baltzell, seeing the accident, jumped overboard
to save the child, aud was drowued Himself, in his
noble efiort to save the life of another. Three of
the officers and passengers also jumped in, aud the
child was saved by the Mate of the steamer. Mr.
Baltzell, it is supposed, was seized with a cramp—
he caught hold of tbe Mate, but let him go at once
on being told he would drown the child unless he
did. Those ou the steamer threw life preservers.
chairs, ropes, Ac., to him, but he seemed not to
notice them. The Mate, when he was let go,
shoved Mr. Baltzoil a chair and told him to tak hold
of it, but he must have beeu bewildered from some
cause unknown, fur he paid no attention to wbat
the Mate said, and sunk His bo :y was recovered
after being in the water one hour and a half. A
physician on board used every effort to resuscitate
him, but, alas! it was unsuccessful—the spirit of
this gallant, uuble yi uth had goue to a better world.
He was carried to the house of Mr. Raney of this
place, where his poor distracted wife had the con
solation of all that kind friends and sympathizing
hearts could do to comfort her, and attend to the
body of her husband. This young geutleman was
about 24 years of age we believe, and the States
never gave birth a nobler eon nor a more talented
intellect. —Apalachicola Advertiser.
A Ludicrous Diplomatic DiFircuLTT.—A let
ter from Brussels says : A quarrel has sprung up
at the Hague betwetn the unpopular Prussian En
voy, Count Konigsmark, and the Netherlands
Government, which, though ludicrous iu its origin,
threatens to embroil the two Cabinets in somewhat
serious discussions. The outiine is this : Tbs En
voy, driving slowly after dinner, to Hehevining,
was overtaken by young Count Po sted), nephew
of the Minister for Poreign Affairs, in an open car
riage drswn by spirited horses. The latter gentle
man, desirous to get out of a Bnait's paoe, told his
coachman to pass. Seeing this, the Envoy bade his
driver not to draw ou one side, and to zigzag to
prevent being passed. At last they came to a cir
cular bifurcation of the road, conducting to Schevin
ing bathing house. Here the young Count’s coaoh
man put bis horses into a center to the left, whilst
the old Count’s man galloped to the right, so that
both reached the door at the same time, aud a
crash ensued, from which both carriages suffered
more or less. Both rivals descended without ex
charging apology or excuse. Not so their coach
men, who, taking up a quarrel, not only abused
each other, but their oppeuent masters; urowds col
lected, police interfered until at last the Envoy re
appeared, and drove off, and upon reaching the
Legation, addressed a sharp note to the Minster for
Poreign Affairs, demanding satisfaction.
After due consideration, the latter directed his
nephew to wait next day upon the Envoy, to apolo
gize in person. This was done; and although the
reception was as ungracious as possible, the affair
was supposed to be settled. Suoh, however, was
not the Count Konigsmark's intention; for at the
end of a week, be addressed a second note to the
Foreign Office, demanding a categorical reply to
the first To this Count Golstein, after expressing re
grets at the that knew he not how
further satis'action could be aocorded; and that as
to ordering his nephew s coachman “to be banished’’
be kingdom, as required by the Prussian Envoy,
tthat was out of the question, although the said
coachman was Beigian
Enraged at this, the Envoy forthwith dispatched
his first secretary, M. Steffens, with details to Berlin
and proposing, in case ample and complete satisfac
tion were not acceded by the Netherlands Govern
ment, that be and his legation should quit the Hague.
Meanwhile he has shut himself up, and declined all
diplomatic relation. This storm in a paddle has
created a profound sensation at the Hague, coupled
with fervent hopes, that the unpopular envoy, into
whose homes all non-official Netherlands have long
ceased to enter, will depart, no matter how.
November.—Room for the athlete! room for the
broad shouldered, deep-chested, and vigorous No
vember, who leaps with an elastic bound into the
arena! He has divested himselt of all superfluous
clothing ; every limb is bare, and his brawny trank
stands in glorious majesty, while his head, encircled
by a coronet of the purple vine and scarlet berries,
proclaims him the King of the Autumn ! Doomed
as he is, deserted by bis fleeting brethren, pressed
by the advancing legions of gloomy Winter, he still
looks “ every inch a king!"’ He has gathered about
him his vassals, who neither tremble with fear nor
look pale at the portents around them, but every one
has thrown cown his |leafy gauntlet aud bent his
branchy lance to await the coming storm ! Like
the last King of Assyria, he has surrounded himself
with all the luxurious garniture of nature and the
voluptuous revelry of the season, and looks to bis
parent Suu to send down his fires to consume them
all before he will surrender ! Above and around
him the winds slug a witching song, and the bright
plumage of the clov.ds glows with weird lustre as
their winged Hocks soar to the zenith or sweep ma
jestiealiv to rest upon the boeom of the horizon.
Type of the regal mouth—symbol of the pending
fate of November—around the golden couch of the
eetting sun the curtains of royal purple are drawn,
and earth anfl sky are hushed and mute, leet a
breath should disturb his sleep, while stars that
spangle the measureless dome above sing lowly and
softly their InUaby. So will November sink to re
pose after a life of ma]esty and of strong action to
b. mellow cadences of the Indian Summer, amid
the blazonry of the golden maple,“the gorgeous
crimson of the forest*, and the bright scarlet of the
running vmw which girt his sturdy guard of mon
arch oaks bo then can assent to the poet’s idea
that with November, “tiie melancholy days have
oome the saddest of the year ? Not we! There it
no sadness in any work of God s providence ; he
orders all thing* in kindness and his smile can warm
this last autumnal month and make it gorgeous iu
the sunshine which fill* the human soul with grati
tude and illuminates it with the full bright and be
atific knowledge of hie Eternal Love.— UmiwwUe
Journal.
WEEKLY
<%oracle &
AUGUSTA. GA.
WEDNESDAY MOKVING, NOT. 10, 18iS.
Gov. Brown and the Sauk
\Vr have read, cos without a deop sense of mor
tifleatiou for tee ccara :*er ot the fltate emoeg in
telligent men. Gov. B.- ;ivs s harangue egainst the
Banks, in his recent Xesssge, which constitutes
about oce-th.'rd of that prolix document The
Governor seems to be laboring und-ir a sort of
monomania in referenoe to banks and baching, and
is evidently still smarting under the exposure of the
ignorance and stupidity developed in bis veto mes
sage last winter; and unfortunately for him, he ap
pears to have learned little on the euhj set during
the recess of ‘.be Legislature, a3 that portion of his
message is mace up of a sort of rehash of the veto,
aud like that, is pervaded thioughout by the lowest
spirit of demagogueism, aud maiked by a total ig
norance of the whole question. The only evidence
of improvement, developed in this message, is that
he appears to have learned soaietixag of Book
keeping, and to have ascer turned chat the debit and
credit sides of au account may he made to balance.
This certainly evinces a remarkable progress iu
ten months, for one so dull as his Excellency, and
should afford his Democratic friends high hopes of
his being able to master the w hole question iu the
progress of time, of which his wonderful genius
affords much prosoise.
Generally, men of sound, discreet minds, in the
exerciie of an abandon* caution aud wise patriot
ism, are accu corned, when occupying responsible
positious, and having to act upon questions that
may effect extensively private and public rights, to
consult meu of character and intelligence who are
familiar with tbs questions in issue for counsel io
the emergency; but Gov. Brows seems to be an
exception to this sound rule of policy, aud he rushes
bend-long into the question, regardless of couse
quences, developing bis igncrauce aud self-will,
and rendering himself ridicuious in the estimation
of intelligent and impartial minds. How far he
may be sus ained by the Legislature, whose actiou
ou the question last winter, discovered little if auy
higher intelligence (with few exceptions) than that
exhibited by the Governor, we know uot. We,
however, hope they have learned more than his
Excellency during the recess ; and will exhibit euf
lioieut intelligence and patriotism to retrace their
ill-advised steps of last winter, and take such dis
creet actiou us may secure the mutual rights and
interests of the people and the banks. This can be
easily accomplished, it the intelligent men of the
Legislature will repudiate tfce counsels and intrigues
of political knaves aud demagogues, and seek
information from those whose praotical experience
and high character, tit them for the position of
counsellors.
Tbe recommendation cf his Excellency to repu
diate the issue aud circulation of small bills is really
beneath contempt, and shows that he is uot capable
of learning—even from practical experience. A
similar law was enacted iu the glorious days of J ack
son currency tinkering in Georgia, aud was univer
sally repudiated by the whole people—it therefore,
became a dead letter, without eveu the necessity of
a repealing enactment. The truth is, that the uee
of tmaM bills, as a circulatiug medium, is a great
ooavenience to all classes —the poor as well as the
rioh, and all that is necessary to render them with
large bills tbe best currency in the world, is to throw
around them the necejsary safe-guards for the pro
tection of the people, aud by all means eschew the
action and coausel ot demagogues aud democratic
currency-tinkers. Such U3 have infested Georgia
for the last twenty or more years, aud who have
never meddled with the question of banks and cur
rency, but to depreciate aud corrupt the circulatiug
medium of thi State.
dcinorrHiic Economy,
The Democracy, when an election is pending,
are exceedingly prolific in their promises of eoouo.
my and refora. How well their practices conform
to their promiies, is beautifully illustrated in the
following tablt, showing the annual expenditures of
the government during the past ten years, includ
ing the Administrations of Taylor, Fillmore,
Fierce And Buchan an :
1819—Taylor $16,789 667 81!
1850— Fillmoie 42,506,862 11
1851— Fillmoie 40,504,422 12
1852 Fillmore H6’552,080 li~
1853 Pieree 43,544,203 82
1851—Pierce 51,018,248 60
1855 Pierce 56,265,373 00
1856 Pierce 60172.401 64
18,)7—Buchanan -. 64,778,828 85
1858—Buchanan 82,856,727 00
The Savannah Journal oe Medicine.— The
November number of this valuable bi-monthly
Medical periodical is promptly on our table with a
tablo of contents lrghly interesting. It contains
five original coannumcations, besides Translations,
Abstracts, Reviews and Editorials. Among the
original article) is one from the pen of Protc-ssor
Arnold, ou Dengue or Break-bone Fever, which
appeared in the May number of the Charleston
Medical Journal in 1851. This article is prefaced
by the Professor with soma remarks, io which he
contends uot only for the similarity, but the iden
tity ot Break-bone Fever with Yellow Fever.
So far as our recollection extends, this is a now
discovery. The Professor promises of this at
some future time. He is au able mao, aud not apt
to make assertions without facts to sustain him.
The above work is issued from the press of
Geokoe N. Nichols every second month, at $2 for
a single copy, three copies for $5, and six oopies for
$9. It is edited by J. 8. Sullivan, M. D., and
Professor Juhiah Harris ; assisted by Professor
R. D. Arnold. It is ably conducted, as all must
know who are acquainted with its Editors, who are
men of markod ability. We can confidently com
mend it to the profession as a valuable acquisition
to the Medical selecti >ns of the day. Address the
Publisher, Geore N. Nichols, Savannah, Ga.
Statement of Produce brought to this ci*y over
the Georgia Railroad for the wee- ending Saturday,
6th inst:
Cotton - 10,9!6ba1e8.
Grain 4.18D bushels.
Flour 3,288 barrels.
A Change of Tune —Since the recent elections,
many Democratic papers, says the Columbus A'-
yuirer, have been figuring up aud estimating, in
the desperate hope of still obtaining a majority for
their party iu the House of Representatives of the
next Congress. They make out a possible majority
of four votes for their party by this hopeful calcu
lation, but in doing so they count as “simon pure”.
Democrats the Douglas men elected in Pennsylva
nia and Indiana, though every one of them was’
elected by Opposition votes over an Administra
tion Democrat! Forney’s Press, which represents
the Douglas sentiment, thus sarcastioally alludes to
this change of tune by politicians who were lately
denouncing Douglas and his friends as deserters to
the Black Republicans, who outlawed them as
deserters, and endeavored to punish them as de
serters :
“Doubts about the now House of Representa
tives ! This is the new cry of the Lecomptonites.
How kind they are to tho auti-Lecompton Demo
crats—iiickuiun, Schw.artz, Montgomery, J. G.
Davis, and others ! They even claes them as De
mocrats; and we presume if John B. Haskin and
Hor.ce F. Clark, of New York, and Garnett B.
Adrian aud Dr. Biggs, of New Jersey, uot to speak
of the Democrats of the Illinois delegation, should
be elected, they will class them, too, as Democrats.
Who is inside, and who outside, gentlemen of the
Administration^’’
Where the Coin Goes —The Charleston Cou
rier of Tuesday, eays We have recently been
noticing large importations of coin by the Banka of
our city. It seems, however, that it does not re
main long in their vaults. We learn that the Bank
of Charleston paid yesterday to two of the Auguita
Banks $250,000, viz : $200,000 to the Mechanics’
Bank, and $50,000 to the City Bank. This is done
all in the course of trade, to aid in carrying forward
the Cotton crop. Cotton from Angutta finds its way
to this city, and is drawn against by short bills, say
ten to twenty days. It is shipped from th s port to
Europe aud various Northern points. The Banks
here buy the Exchange, and are obliged lo furnish
coin for the Augusta Banks, aud Lei.ce the recent
heavy importations.
Usury in Massachusetts. —The Supreme Court
of the State of Massachusetts in September last, in
Springfield, tried the case of the Hadiy Falls Bank,
vs. Charles Ely, of New York and West Springfield,
for the payment of sundry notes amounting to SSOOO
—discounted by the Bank for the accommodation
and benefit of Ely. The defendant resisted the
payment of the notes on the ground of usury, be
cause the bank had charged, with the consent and
agreement of Ely, I of 1 per cent, exchange for
collection on New York, where the notes were pay
able, and contended that the whole amount of the
notes was void under our ‘ k usury law, though the
whole amount of exchange was only $12.50. The
Judge (Bigelow) charged quite strongly in iavor of
the bank, saying that though the defence of the
usury was a lawful defence, it is hardly an equitable
one, and is not regarded by business men as a re
putable defence. The jury gave a full verdict for
the Bank, with interest and costs.
Senator Hammond’s OpiniOaNs.—The Charleston
Mercury concludes a notice of the speech delivered
by Senator Hammond, at the Dinner recently
given him by the citizens of Barnwell District,
with the following remarks :
“Senator Hammond has been quoted in northern
presses as sympathizing with and favoring Senator
Douglas in Illinois, and desiring his re-election to
the'Senate. We are authorized to say that this is a
mistake. He has said and done nothing to justify
euoh assertions. ,
* The question has been broached whether South
Carolina shall enter into the next Democratic Na
tional Convention for nominating candidates for the
Presidency and Vice Presidency of the United
States. Senator Hammond has always been opposed
to such conventions, aod although it is prematare at
this time to consider the question—since the assem
bling of the convention is after two sessions of Con
gress yet to meet —we know that he has eeen noth
ing to change his opinions on this subject.”
Mr. Isaac Holland, Assistant Doorkeeper in the
U. S. Sanate, and a gallant soldier of the war of
1812, expired at Washington on Monday morning,
in the sixty-third year of his age. He was the fath
er of the lamented youg man Holland, who, on
board the ill-fated Arctic, went down at the post of
duty. ,
Pennsylvania. —The AdministratioaV. —T h e
majority against the Administration, as indicated
by the recent Congressional election in Pennsylva
nia, is over fifty thousand.
Col. J. F. H. Claiborne is charged with the pre
paration of the Life and Memorials of George Poin
dexter, as well ai of Gen. Quitman.
The biographical sketches of these distinguished
citizens will involve the history of Mississippi as a
Territory and Slate.
Gaston H. Wilder has been elected President of
the Raleigh and Gaston (N. C.) Railroad.
Central American Affairs*
The New York Herald of Monday contains the
following “Sensation” despatch from its Washing
ton correspondent, which we give for* what it is
worth :
Washington, Oct. 31,1858.
It is known in diplomatic circles that the English
and French government; have addressed a formal
note to the government here announcing their de
termination to enforce the provisions of the Clay
ton-Bulwer treaty, as understood by them, in pro
tecting the company organized by Mods. Belly in
the construction of the inter oceanio canal across
the Isthmus of Nicaragua. I believe the note Las
not yet been received by the President; but there
;s no doubt he is aware of its contents. It is repre
sented as being drawn up in very unmistakable
phraseology, asserting the right of the governments
of Costa Kxa and Nicaragua to enter into the con
vention which they have with liens. Belly and his
associates tor the construction of the canal, and
: calling upon the United States to fulfill th ir obli
-1 gation under tbs Claytou-Bulwer treaty, and assist
i in the maintaining the perfect neutraliry of the
I route.
la this connection the announcement of the large
I fleet ot English and French vessels ordered toNica
[ ragua has peculiar significance.
It is understood that Sir Gore Ousley hastened his
i departure so as to leave Lord Napier to bear the
i brunt of the explosion when the note is received.
Sir Gore Ouseley s position, had he remained,
1 would have been peculiarly uupleasant, as be bad
: all along assured the President that there was no
I intention on the part ot his government to adopt
any steps to enforce the Belly contract; and it is
believed that it wa-< mainly owing to the specious
representations of Ouseley that the administration
was induced not to press at the last session for the
authority ol Congress to put an end to the Claytou-
Bulwer treaty.
The Central American question has now assumed
such a shape as to bring matters to a crisis. Our
government is called upon to acquiesce in the inter
pretatiou of the Claytou-Bulwer treaty assumed by
England but always denied byus ; and the enforce
ment of this iuterpetatiou is to be carried out, it
would appear, by the joint fleets of England and
France.
As far as the rival fights of White and Vanderbilt
are concerned, it is not believed our government
can interfere. The opinion prevails that both these
worthies hsve been overreached by the little French
man.
The weakness of our Minister, Gen. L unar, has
no doubt hastened events.
The New York Times of the same day has the
following :
Washington, Saturday, Oct. 30.
Meesrs. White &. Cos. are defeated, and General
Jerez has triumphed. A transit contract with
Mes3rs. Vaudyckes & Wallace, of Philadelphia,
under the title of the Central American Transit
Company, was exeouted to day by Gen. Jerez. It
was signed, sealed aud delivered iu the presence of
Secretary Cass, who cordially approves of the same.
It is understood that Commodore Vanderbilt is the
secret cash partner.
The contract requires semi-monthly mails and
continues for fifty years, or, should a railroad be
constructed west, of the Bay, for sixty years. The
transit must be in successful operation within four
mouths or the grant aud property of the line will be
forfeited. Should the liue be interrupted at any
time for the space of four mouths, a forfeiture wifi
ensue.
The only tax whioh cau be imposed is one dollar
on each passenger. Ports at the termini are fl ee,
and so is all interior navigation. The contract is
subject to all treaty stipulations which may be
hereafter made.
This contract secures the great object at which
cur Government has aimed—the free navigation of
the River aud Bay. The V- bite contract was a
monopoly of interior navigation as well as ihe
through transit from ocean to ocean, aud hence it
was seriously objectionable. The Administration
fully approve of tne conditions of the new contract.
White Co.'s steamers, which have gone out,
will likely be employed iu the Ktver and on the
Lake in the interior trade.
I learn that Nicaragua will not interrupt the
steamer advertised to leave New York lor San
Juau with through passengers, but she will enter a
protest.
Gen. Jerez will leave to-morrow for New York,
t-n route for Nicaragua, where he goes to have the
Cass-Yrisasri treaty formally signed and ratified in
a manner entirely acceptable to our Government.
After this he will return with it to the United States.
I learn that our Government has been pleased
with the personal and official bearing of Gen. Jerez
during his sojourn among ui. For some days back
the General has bceu investigating our public laud
system with a view to the establishment of a Land
Office iu Nicaragua. This is a good more in the
right directions.
Montgomery anii Pensacoi.a Railroad.— The
Pensacola Gazette of the 30th ult., states that Maj.
Chase. President of the Florida section of the above
Road, has completed arrangements to secure the
irou for his section, ou very satislaotory terms, pro
vided the city of Pensacola will issue her bonds to
the amount of one hundred and thirty thousand dol
lars, which bonds are to be endorsed by the rail
road company, and used in the purchase of iron.—
The Gazette says this step will betaken immediate
ly. The Gazette says:
This settles the question beyond controversy, so
far as the Florida end of the road is oonoemed—a
distance of forty-live miles from Pensacola, and
thirty-five miles further than it is now completed.—
In six months, therefoie, or eight months at farth
eat., we expect the Pensacola road to be completed
The oars are running o,i tho Montgomery end of
the road, thirty-live miles, aud by December will
be running to Greenville, a distance of forty miles
from Montgomery. This will leave a gap of seven
ty-five miles between Greenville and the Florida
hue, for which we ure nut advised the Alabama
company have procured the irou. It is thought,
however, that so soon as Major Chase closes the
negotiation for the Iron ou the Florida end, the Ala
bama company will have no difficulty in procuring
the iron for the Florida liue. lienee we reiterate
the opinion of the triends of the road, that the cars
will be running through from Pensacola to Mont
gomery betoro or at furthest by the first of Janua
ry, i 860.
The Moscow Railroad. —Mr. Bayard Taylor,
in a recent letter to the Tribune, on the St. Peters
burg aud Moscow Railroad, referring to the re
markable directness of the line of the railroad, sayß:
On the northern side of the city, just outside the
low earthen barrier, stands the great railroad sta
tion. The principal tram for St. Petersburg leaves
daily at noon, and reaches its destination the next
morning at eight—six hundred versts or four hun
dred English miles in twenty hours.
Straight as sunbeams, the four parallel Hues of
rail shoot away to the northwest, and vanish far off
in a sharp point on the horizon. Woods, hills,
swamps, ravines, rivers, may interseot the road,
but it swerves not a hair from the direct course, ex
cept where such deflection is necessary to keep the
general level between Moscow aud the Volga Af
ter passing the Valdai Hills, about half way to St.
Petersburg, tho course is almost as straight as it
drawn with a ruier for the remaining two hundred
miles. The Russians say this road is only to be
look-.d upon as an article of luxury. The Emperor
Nicholas consulted hie owu convenience and the fa
cility of conveying, troops rather than the conveni
ence of Ihe country and the development of its re
sources. By insist! g upon the shor eat possible
distance between the two cities, he carried the road
for hundreds of versts through swamps where an
artificial foundation of piles was necessary , while,
by bending its course a little to the south, nearer
the line of the highway,not only would theseswamps
have been avoided, but the cities of Novgorod,
Valdai, and Torshok, witn the settled and oultivated
regions around them, would have shared in the ad
vantages, aud added to the profits of the road.
The Colleton and Beaufort Sun, of the sth inst.,
contains the following melancholy intelligence :
We regret exceedingly to learn of the death of
the eldest son of the Rev. Mr. Bowman, at Adam’s
Run, which occurred last Saturday. It appears
that he let'; home on Friday morning, sccampanied
by a negro boy, for the purpose of shooting birds.
The negro boy returned home about noon, and said
that he had left his young master in the woods. As
he did not return to dinner fears were entertained
concerning him. He was found in the afternoon,
lying near the road, with his face dreadfully man
gled, and his gun lying beßide empty. The negro
boy confessed that he had accidentally shot him.—
He was twelve or thirteen years old.
A Prize Fight at Lafayette, Ind.—Fancy
stock is going up, and prize lights are not without
their effects. Robert Jones and H. W. Chase, two
limbs of the law, had a fist fight in Court, at Lafay
ette, on Friday last. The Lafayette Courier gives
the following graphic account of the first round:
“Mr. Chase gave Mr. Jones the lie, whereupon
Mr. Jones planted a well-directed blow between
the two eyes of the aforesaid Mr. Chase, and was
about to follow up his advantage, when Mr. Chase
atoreeaid ‘got home,’ as the ‘fancy’ express it. with
a beautiful ‘right counter’ on the frontispiece of the
aforesaid Mr. Jones, and the attorney for the plain
tiff dropped, as limber as four cent muslin. He came
to ‘time,’ however, and closing with the railroad
attorney, piled him into the jury bjx in a very un
comfortable shape.’’
As the parties were bath exhausted, friends inter
fered, and had the second round postponed.
Burned to Death—Coroner’s Inguest.—Cor
oner Baker, at an early hour yesterday morning
held an inquest on the body of a negro woman, the
property of Hillery Caffin, who was burned to
death on Tuesday evening by her clothes acciden
tally taking fire—in what precise manner we did
not learn. The verdict rendered by the jury was
in accordance with the above facts.
A New Iron Safe Dodge.—The St. Louis Her
aid says that at a fire in that city last week, “a
fireproof safe, of imposing appearance and high pro
portions, standing outside the buildiug, and appa
rently out of danger, caught fire and was entirely
consnmed. All examination showed it to be made
of common sheet iron, thinner even than that used
for stove pipes, and filled in with pine. With a
mallet and a common sheath knife a man could
lave out the whole thing to pieces in fifteen min
utes.”
itfount Vernon.
The Vice-Regent acknowledges the receipt of
$44.00, collected by Col. John Dowse, from the
Grand Jury during the session of the October term
of the Superior Court, in Burke county. Col.
Dowse hopes to make the sum larger.
We are also indebted to Mr. T. J. Jennings of
this city for his generous donation of $25.00, which
is the third sum of that amount given to our Aseo
ciation. Gen. Taylor. Mr. Bird and Mr Jen
ings will be gratefully remembered by the officers
of our Association.—Com.
How the Press is Afflicted ryDead Heads
Railroads occasionally complain of dead-heading,
but no institution suffers so much from it as the
press. A sensible writer says:—
The press endures the infliction of dead headism
from the pulpit, the bar and the stage, from corpo
rations, societies and individuals. It is expected
to ‘ ield its interests: it is required to give strength
toj “weak institu'ions; eyes to the blind .clothes to the
naked, and bread to .be hungry; it is asked to
cover infirmities, hide weakness, and wink at im
proprieties ; it is expected to herald quacks, bolster
up dull authors, and flatter the vain ; it is, in short,
to be ail things to all men; and if it looks for pay or
reward, it is denounced as mean and sordid. There
is no interests under the whole heavens that is ex
pected to give so much to society without pay or
thanks, as the press.
Imports of Dry Goods at New-Yore .—The
Journal of Commerce states that the total imports
of dry goods at New-York for October, is $.565,722
greater than for the corresponding period of last
year, and only slso,fill less than for October, 1856.
The imports thrown upon the market, including
those withdrawn from warehouse, have exceeded
the total ofiast year, in a proportion still greater
than the direct receipts.
First Load. —On Wednesday It, the Charles
ton Courier says, the first car load of cotton from
Memphis, Tenn., for direct shipment for Europe
from Norfolk, arrived in the latter city, all the way
by railread.
The Terre Haute Union statee that the laborers
who were imported to Indianapolis to vote the old
line ticket, and promised employment on the gov
ernment building, have brought suit against the
contractor, and are determined to make him redeem
his pledge.
Jehn M. Patton, Esq., a distinguished member of
the Virginia bar, died at Richmond, on Friday.
A Terrible Beene.
The disastrous consequences of a tire which broke
out in the shafting of an English coal pit, in the
county of Durham, have alreaay been noted. There
were eighty six men and boys in the various work
iugs of the pit, and after great exertion the fire was
extinguished, bat not until ten of the number were
suffocated by the smoke. The bringing up of the
living was witched with intense feeling by thou
sands of spectators ; but when the bodies of tne
dead began to be brought up, the scene, it is said,
was distressing in the extreme. A local paper in
describing it Bays .
When the last of the living had been brought to
dfiy-iight, a fearful signal was observed to be given
bv Mackey, the staithesman. It was well under
stood, and the hopes which had up to that time been
kept alive iu the relatives of those still in the pit,
that those dear to them might be saved, wore de
stroyed. A chain and sheets were given to the
staithesman. With these be descended into the
da k abyss ou his fearful errand. The excitement
and anxiety were now painfully intensified. After
a longer interval than usual, the signal was given :
one dead body had been fastened to the staithes
man, breast to breast; the rope was raised a yard
or two . another corpse was slung to the rope , and
now the dreadful load is beiug drawn up. The
women cluster to the pit-mouth, aud the bodies
arrive.
The first is that of a tine boy, about thirteen years
of age. There is a beautiful expression upon bis
countenance, and nothing to indicate that his young
life had been taken by a violent death. The body
is unstrung, and a stalwart miner carries it, with the
tenderness and gentle Less of a mother nursing her
child, to the anxious crowd. The child is recognized
by its parents aud sisters, aud cries of agony rend
the air. The other brought up is enveloped in a
Bhroud iit is taken from the ropes,and the announce
ment that it is poor Kellett is made. Renewed
wailings startle the spectators as he is borne to his
home. This fearful scene is five times repeated.
Each time the r ope ascends it brings with it two
corpses—one of a boy, another of a man. They are
placed on stretchers, and taken to the crowd to be
recognized and claimed; and the repetition of the
same frightful scene produced the deepest eeling ot
awe and horror.
The scene at the botton of the pit, while the fire
was raging in the shaft, is thus described :
At the bottom of the shaft was a lurnace con
stantly burning to secure ventilation. Arouud this
faruace seventeen of the men collected during the
night, for the purpose of procuring air aud warmth,
but they eventually became alarmed, lest the fire
should draw the gas trom the workings and so
cause an explosion. They, therefore, put out the
fire aud during the remainder of the time that they
were imprisoned they were in utter darkness. The
other men aud boys were in other parts of the
workings; some were congregated in groups and
engaged in prayer, while others were Hinging aud
joking, and telling tales, in order to cheer their
companions. One of them says he lay down at 9
o'clock and quietly slept the tune away.
Shipping Lunatics from tiie United States
to Europe. —Tho Liverpool Journal of the 25th
repeats a charge that it is the practice of the State
governments of the United States to ship to Europe
their lunatic paupers. It says :
Most of the sixty-nine lunatics from America,
who have been returned, as stated, came to tbe
workhouse iu a condition of extreme wretchedness,
with hunger stamped upou them. They are repre
sented as from all parts of the United Kingdom, but
two ot them are put down as from Newfoundland
two as natives of St. Domingo. Most of them are
idiots and imbeciles, most of them hopelessly in
sane, and one cargo is known to have been shipped
from a lunatic asylum near Boston, no one being ap
pointed iu oharge of them. Those who are sensible
enough to give an account of themselves will be
removed to their own parishes, but there are many
who can give no intelligible account, and one wo
man apparently cannot speak at all. The cruelty,
as well as the injustice of the proceeding, will be at
once perceived, from the faot that these poor crea
tures, in nearly every instance, long siuce emigra
ted to the United States, where they have apent the
strength and vigor of their days in the enrichment
of their adopted countiy, and that it has been there
that their frightful malady has been acquired.
The Boston papers, in reply to the above, allege
that they were originally shipped from Liverpool to
Boston, and were sent back by the authorities of
the latter oity because they ware paupers. They
deuy that they were insane when sent back.
A Convention ot Southern Railroad managers
will be held at Chattanooga, Tennessee, on thefilld
instant. The principal business of the meeting will
be tbe establishment of a thorough schedule of pas
senger and freight rates. This has been contem
plated for some time, in consequence of the new
competition inaugurated by tbe opening of the
Tennessee aud Virginia Railroad last spring, and by
the rapid progress towards completion of embryo
lines. Among the roads which will be represented
at the Conference are the Baltimore and Ohio, New
Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern, Mississippi
Central, East Tennessee ard Virginia, Memphis
and Charleston, and Central Georgia.
Progress in Europe. —Mr. Walsh, the well in
formed Paris correspondent of the New York Jour
nal of Commerce, refers in a late letter, to a recent
American speech iu which “the term di-eripit is ap
plied to Europe.” “This,” says Mr. Walsh, “slrikes
me as an utter mistake. Europe is advancing
wonderfully iu . social energies, intellectual forces,
the mechanic arts, tlie application of the grand dis
coveries of the century, the improvement of laws
and institutions,” At the same time, and whilst all
the Powers profess to desire peace, there is a gene
ral increase of lund and sea armaments.
Uon. J. Ulancy Jones has resigned his seat, in
Congrees, to enter upon the official duties of the
high position to which he has been appointed by
the President,. His letter of resignation to the Gov -
is dated the Ist inst.
We are gratified in calling attention to the offi
oiat announcement of the opening of passenger
service, to begin on the Charleston and Savannah
R&i! Road on Monday, 15th inst., as advertised in
accordance with expectations lately authorized.
Convention in New York. —At the late election
in New York, a vote was taken upon the question
of calling a Convention to amend the Constitution
of the State. The New York Express considers it
almost a fixed faot that the Convention will be call
ed. Oae of the principal motives of the movement
is tbe desire to remove the elective feature of the
Judiciary, which, it is alleged, has been productive
of great evils.
A correspondent of the Raleigh Standard, who
has succeeded in the cultuie of tea in North Caro
lina, writes that the Paragua tea, which it is pro
posed to introduce into the United States, is identi
cal with the “Yopou,” which grows wild on the
North Carolina coast, and is very generally drank
among the poorer classes in that seotion. Mat yof
the Captains of vessels prefer a supply of it to
coffee, as they Bay their men are with it able to en
dure more fatigue and accomplish more laber. It
grows wild upon the eastern coast, but when culli
vated and trimmed, makes a beautiful tree.
Eue.getic efforts are making in Yalabusha, Tal
lahatchie and that section of oountry in Mississippi,
to start a cotton and wool factory at Greneda.
Contract for Railroad Iron.—The Vicks,
burg Whig informs us that Mr. W. C. Smedes,
president of the Southern Railroad Company, re
turned from England about ten days since, after
having concluded negotiations with an English
heuse for all the iron the road required.
Runaway Negroes.—The Morgantown Star
says ten negreee, 3 women, 2 children, and 5 meu,
ran away from Pruntytown, Va., on Sanday night
about 11 o’clock, taking with them 7 horses. Their
horses were discovered about 6 miles south of Mor
gantown on Monday morning. The negroes have
been traced to the Pennsylvania line. Three of
them belonged to Zsd. Shields, three to Cornelius
Runnells, three to Col. E. J. Armstrong, and one
to Job. W. Batson.
The Administration, it ib stated, does not credit
the charges made in the London Times against Mr
Reed, our Minister in China, with regard to his oon
duct about the treaties. The “most favored uation”
clause was added to the treaty negotiated by Mr.
Reed ; therefore it ie argued he could have no mo
tive to prevent the British or French from obtain
ing any number of privileges. On the contrary, it
would be to tbe interest of bis oountry to favor their
efforts.
California Competing Lines.—The New York
Herald statee lhat the Nicaragua route is to be
opened by tbe sailing of the steamship Washington
from New York, on Saturday, the fiLh of November.
The Tehuantepec route is to be opened by tbe sail
ing of tbe steamship Quaker City, from New Or
leans, to-day. The overland wagon route from St.
Louis to San Franoieco has been opened, and is
now in successful operation. The Panama Rail
road Company ate negotiating for the purchase of
the Collins steamers Adriatic, Atlantic and Baltic,
to run in connection with the line of Pacific mail
steamers, in order to establish a weekly line to
California.
Not True.—The rumor that Mr. Preston, of
Kentucky, has declined the mission to Spain, is
untrue. He accepted the appointment, and is pre
paring for bis departure.
Blood Horses at the U. 8. Fair.—The Rich
mond correspondent of the New York Journal of
Commence says: “He had never seen so fine an
exhibition of blood horses, and their progenny, as
at the late U 8. Fair. He thinks the exhibition a
decided success.”
It is stated in tbe New York Express of Satur
day, that the Grand Juiy now in Beesion in that
city, have found indictments against about two
thirds of both Boards of the Common Council of
1850. One of tbe principle grounds is said to be
the ordinance grantiig to the Roman Catholic Or
phan Asylum a large lot of ground on the sth
avenue near 50th street, at the nominal rent of one
dollar per annum. It ie alleged that 20 members
of the Aldermen and 44 of the Councilmen are im
plicated.
There has been a violent outbreak among the
students of the North Carolina University at Chapel
Hill, the principal features of which are: the burn
ing of one of the teachers in effigy, assaulting the
Faculty, burning the benches, and attacking a pri
vate residence.
Edward L. Houghton, cashier of the Litchfield
(Conn.) Bank, was arrested in New Y’ork, on Fri
day, on the charge of embezzling SIO,OOO.
Relic of a Brave Man.—Mrs. Mary B. Francis
co, the widow of Peter Francisco, resides in Bote
tourt county, Va., and to the shame of Congress she
is only allowed the sum of S3O per annum, as a pen
sion for her husband's valuable services during the
Revolutionary War!
No less than eight pickpockets, one of them a fe
male from New York, were arrested at the Agri
cultural Fair at Richmond on Friday last.
The Paraguay Expedition.—Tbe Buenoe Ayres
papers rejoice at the news of the Paraguay Ex
pedition from tbe United Btates, and bail Com.
Shubrick’s squadron as the agent to civilize all
South America.
Yellow Fever—There have been 4,429 yellow
fever deaths in New Orleans this season, and 236 in
Galveston, Texas. The disease still prevails at
Vicksbuig, Miss., and the mayor cautions strangers
to keep away for the present.
GEORGIA ITEMS.
Thanksgiving Day. —Thursday, 25th inst., i
appointed by Gov. Brown as & day of Thanksgiv
ing and prayer.
Silas D. Floyd, a highly esteemed and valusd
citizen of Washington county, died on Tuesday
last.
A negro man was run over and killed by one of
the trains, near Urantvi'le, on Wednesday night
•ast. It is supposed that he was asleep upon tbe
track. *
Changed.—The Post Master General has changed
the name of the Post Office, known as “Dougiess,”
Fannin Cos. Ga., to that of “Mineral Bluff,’—Col-
James Parks, postmaster.
Dr. Alonzo Church.— Dr. A. Church.it is said,
announced at the recent meeting of the Senalu’s
Academinis, that he should resign the chair of Presi
dent of Frauklin College, at the close of the colle
giate year. He bus occupied that post since Au
gust, 1829.
Judicial Elections by the People. —lu the
late Presentments of the Grand Jury of Early coun
ty, we fiud the following paragraph ;
“VVe 4 would urge the repeal of the law authoiisiog
the election of tho Judges ot the Superior Courts by
the people, and have them chosen by tbe Legislature
as was before the passage of the present law.”
In relation to the same subject, the Grand Jnry of
Decatur county says:
“We approve of the manly ocurso of
Judge Alien in refusing to enter into a heated
po itical contest for re-election, and condemn
the course of any party of men that seek to
make the offices of Judge and Solicitor a machine
for political tricksters. The offices should only be
filled by men that are untrammelled by party aud
under no obligations t J any party only to the coun
try,”
Newspapers Sold.— J. T. Taylor, of the North
Georgia limes, lias sold that establishment to A. J.
Rogers, ofSavanuah
N. C. Guernsey, Esq., has told the Family Visi
tor to Dr. Miere, Mr. Barrow, and Mr. Gardner,
his late foreman.
Shooting Affair. —Last evening, just at dark,
a sliqotiug affair took piece between Dr. Charles
E. Clarke and Mr. T. P. Wootten, at the Uawkius
ville Hotel. Dr. Clarke recuived a ball in tho left
shoulder, above the oollar-bone, aud near the neck,
and two other balls on liis body, but did not enter.
Mr. Wootten left the scene ot action immediately
alter the difficulty, and it is not yet known whether
ho is wounded or not. Some of those present say
that Clarke shot once, and Wootten three times,
but others say that only three shots were fired.
Wo learn that the difficulty originated about a
seat at the table—both parties being boarders at
the above-named hotel. The wounds of Dr. C. are
not thought to be dangerous. We forbear making
any comments. —PirasKi Times.
A Bold Transaction. —We heard yesterday of
rather a bold transaction in swindling The at- ry,
as told by the negro bey connected with the trans
action, raia follows : lie says that nigtit before ta-t
a man came to hid camp and represented himself as
one of the city polioe, nod told him that he was go
ing to take him to the guard house for camping so
nesr the railroad depot. He then took him into the
woods and tied him to a tree, and left him there nil
night. The man brought his load of cotton to the
city yesterday morning, and sold it to Mr. Store, a
cotton buyer of this city, who suspected nothing
wiong. About 10o’clock yesterday morning the ne
gro came in town aud represented the circumstances
as above, when search was made tor the white man,
but he was no where to be found. It is generally
believed that there was an understanding between
the negro and white man to sell the cotton and di
vide the money. The negro and cotton belonged
to Mr. I). I’. Hill, of Harris county.— Columbus
Sun, 6 th inst.
Correspondence Savannah Republican.
Darien, Oct. 30th, 1858.
Editor Republican ■■ Dear Sir.—A sad loss oc
curred here this morning, about three o’clock, in
the total destruction of tiie upper steam raw mill by
tire, belonging to R. &. J. Laoblisun of your place,
together with about till!) oorde of wood. Very
healthy here, no sickness. Sorry to hear of s o much
sikuessiu Savannah.
Yours respectfully, B.
ALABAMA ITEMS.
Hon. Samuel F. Rice has resigned his seat upon
the Supreme Bench ol Alabama, to take effect iu
January next.
The citizens of Tusoumbia, Ala., have raised
$3,000, by subscription, to establish a County Agril
cultural Society.
Tho Montgomery hr West Point Railroad Com
pany has declared a dividend ol $3 per share, pay
able on the Bth inst.
Yellow Fever in Mobile.— The Mobile Board
of Health report 66 interments from yellowtevor for
the week ending Sntmduy, 30th ult., inclusive.
Killed by a llonsE.—Wo learn that. Mr. J. R.
Kendrick, a planter on Chunuynuggee Ridge, Ma
con county Ala., was yevterday killeu by a kick by
a horse. He was examining a drovs of horses, car
ried to his neighborhood by a trader, with a view
of purchasing, when one of the animals kicked him
under the chin, breaking his neck and killing him
instantly. —Columbus Enquirer, 2d inst.
Strange Occurrence. —We learn, says the Ab
beville (Ala ) Advertiser of the 4th inst., that on
last Sunday evening a little girl, 15 years of age,
daughter of Mr. Jones, of Dale county, left her
homo apparently to take a walk and has not been
heard of since. The surrounding country has been
thoroughly scoured but no trace of the missing girl
hus been discovered. Her parent! aro in groat dis
tress.
A Darkey's Pun.—A few days since, upon the
arrival ot a cotton train at t lie Depot, a bale of cot
ton wan discovered containing an axe with handle,
complete which had doubtless fallen in with the
cotton at the time it was pressed. The axe was
taken out, leaving an indentation where it hail so
snugly rested. A few minutes afterwards one of tbe
employees of the Company, iu passing by the bule
noticed the mark made by the axe, aud asked a
darkey whowusstauding near, what it was. “l)al,’
said Coffee with a broad grin, “why I don't ‘zackly
kuow, Massa ; but I speo it’s an axe dent.” The
Clerk was deeply nuecled; but a mustard bath,
taken almost immediately afterward, placed him
beyond all danger— Mobile Register.
A Poisoning Case. —We learn from the Clayton
Banner, that a most revolting and (in the South) al
most unpaialleled case of wholesale poisoning is
under investigation iu the Circuit Court of Barbour
county, Ala. It is the case of the State vs. Harmon
Chmiska, removed from Pike county to Barbour.
The proof showed that Climiska, who is a Pole by
birth, and a mechanic, went to Pike county some
years ago and put up a shop on the land of a fam
ily named Frizzell. He soon became repreheneibiy
intimate with the negro-s of the family, of both
sexes, was often caught playing at cards with them,
&c This led to altercations between him and the
Frizzells; the tatter called in the aid of the law and
ejected him; a tight or two followed, and he sued
one of the young Frizzells for assault and battery.
Chmiska was heard to make threats that “he would
make ascatterment in the* family before a great
while.” Pending thisstate of hostility between them,
some of the members of old Mr. Frizzell’s family be
chme suddenly and alarmingly sick one morning
shortly after breakfast,and four of them died, includ
ing tne old gentleman. E ramming testi
fied that ars-Dic had been put in the bread of which
they ate. There was no positive proof connecting
the prisoner with the crime He was very ably
defended, and the Slate was also aided by distin
guished counsel. No verdict had been rendered
when the Banner of the 4lh went to press.—Colum
bus Enqr.
A Curious Trial.
A cei respondent o( the Mobile Tribune reports
some “ queer legal doings in Alabama,” at the Cir
cuit Court for W'ilcox county, before Judge Nat.
Cook. We take a report of the case of The State
vs. John Kersey, for Grand Larceny—the act
charged being tlie felonious taking of a hundred
dollar bill of the Commercial Bank ot the State cf
Alabama :
The case was ably argued on both sides. His
Ho,-or delivered his charge. No exceptions by de
fendant’s counsel. The jury retired a short time
and returned with the following verdict, endorsed
on the indictment, of which the above is a literal
copy—“ We, the jury, find the defendant guilty.
(Signed) “ J. R. Fisher, Foreman.”
Gen Baine, defendant’s counsel, made haste to
say, that as the jury had not fixed any value upon
the bill stolen, be should insist that be was guilty of
petty lareeny. Whereupon there was some private
chat between counsel on both sides, and then it was
announced to the Court that both parties had agreed
it should be a verdict for petty larceny.
It seems tb&t the private understanding between
them was, that defendant should pay back to H. G.
Campbell his one hundred dollars, with interest
thereon. But Campbell, the prosecutor, is at least
one hundred Hiid fifty dollars clear money out of
pocket, beiDg fees paid to the lawyers for prosecu
ting the case. The Jury dispersed. Court adjourn
ed lor the day. After sapper, bis Honor was in
duced to take his seat in the Court House again
An effort was made to collect all the Jury. They
succeeded in getting rune of the Jury back. Gen.
Baine, after a few words to the Jury, asked them
if any one of them objected to his Honor imposing
a merely nominal fine and imprisonment against
the defendant, Kersey. Two or three of them re
plied that they did not. The rest of the nine gat
mute—in mute astonishment. The bsent Jnrors
were—J. R. J Jenkins, Jonathan Wright, and H.
T. Johnson. His Honor fined the defendant five
dollars and imprtsonrefi him one hour in the county
jail t Section 3173 of the Code defines grand lar
ceny to be stealing personal property exceeding the
value of twenty dollars, and punishes the offender
by imprisonment in the penitentiary not less than
two or more than live years. Section 3174 defines
petty larceny, and punishes the convict by a tine not
exceeding one hundred dollars, and imprisonment
in the county jail not exceeding six months. Sec
tion 317.5 reada thus:—“Whenever the Jury finds
the defenaant gnilty of larceny, and the Jury must
ascertain the value of each article stolen, and the
Court must render judgment against the defendant
for the assessed value, unless such stolen property
has been returned to tbe owner.”
All the citizens of Camden who delight in seeing
rogues detected and punished, according to the
magnitude of the crime, did hope that—since the
fact was so plain to his Honor that the defendant
was really guilty of grand larceny, while he was to
receive punishment for a less crime, petty larceny
—his Honor would go as far as the law would al
low in punishing a criminal for that offence, to wit:
fine defendant one hundred doliars and imprison
him for six mouths in the oouuty jail. But to the
dismay and astonishment of all, he was turnea
loose in our very midst 1
Ihe rogue who steals one hundred dollars pays
five dollar* for the privilege of stealing another
hundred. The honest, man who prosecutes tbe rogue,
pays one hundred and fifty dollars for his privilege
to do so, and learns a lesson which teaches hereaf
ter that it he should catch a rogue stealing anything,
he must “lie low, keep dark,” and say nothiog about
it!
TEN.NBNiHKI! ITKiMri.
The Bank of Tennessee, has resumed specie
payment.
The Memphis and Little Rock Railroad will be
completed to the St. Francis river by the middle of
this month.
The Debt op Nashville.—The city of Nash
ville, Tenn., it is said, owes a fnnded debt of $662,-
500; a total debt of $805,338. Its means of every
description are put down at $B4l 350; the revenue
this year is estimated at $106,130. The liabilities
for the present year, exclusiveofordinary expenses,
are put down at $154,776, and the ordinary expenses
are at least $120,000 —so the deficiency at the end
of the present fiscal year will be $107,646.
The Chattanooga Advertiser states that at no sea
son for ten years past has there been suoh an abun
dance of mast of every kind as is to be found this
year. The ground in all our forests is literally cov
ered and hogs will have a fine time in wintering
out.
The good people of H arrison and the upper end
of Hamilton county, as we learn from the Chatta
nooga Advertiser, were to break ground on the 4th
inst., on the Tennessee River and Catoosa Rail
road, and to give a grand barbacue on that occa
sion. Contracts have been let upon the Tennessee
Sirt ions of the road, running from Harrison to
raysviiie, a distanoe of twelve miles and work
begins immediately. The line of the road runs, be
ginning at the Tennessee river at Harrison, to
Graysville, thence to Lafayette. Summerville, and
thence in a direction to Jacksonville, Ala.
The Chattanooga Advertiser learns that the Su
preme Court of that State, at their recent term,
field m Knoxville for this division of the State, de
cided that a querter section of land in Folk county,
upon which a copper mine has been successfully
worked and valued at $50(1,000, belonged to the
School District, and not to parties who have laid
claim to it, and who have been working it. We
dare say this decision by the court rendered this
the richest school district of any in the Union.
For the Chronicle Sr Sentinel.
Pbvsicnl Training of Children—-No. 5.
Os the Proper Food for Infants.
Mr. Editor: —The pernioious lolly of making
medicine precede food at an infant’s birth, has been,
I hops, sufficiently exposed,in my last article—and
allusion was mads to the admirable arrangement
which nature has provided for its alimentary and
medicinal necessities. Nature does not afford, nor
can art contrive, an effectual substitute for the pa
rent’s milk. By degrees it acquires consistence
and affords a great amount of nutriment, as the
child, by its growth, becomes mero capable of di
gesting it. At length, its bodily strength increas
ing, its teeth bursting through the gums, it oan take
more solid and more substantial food, whicu re
quires still greater powers of digestion. These
ohanges are so obvious that they cannot easily be
mistaken. Ignomuce is pleaded in vain, aud the
least deviation from eo plaiD a road to health, is
punished with lasting injury. Before birth the in
fant derived its whole sustenance and growth by
such means, that it cannot have its supplies totally
altered immediately on its entrance into a uew state
of existence. It must still be fed from the same
congenial source, cr the shock of so sudden and so
unnatural a change-will prove very frying to its ten
der constitution.
1 need hardly urge the fond mother to give freely
to her child what nature so bountifully provides for
ts sustenance aud well being. The only precaution
which she should observe in this respoot, is not to
suffer it to sleep while it is thus being nourished, or
to nurse till vomiting ensues. Any attempts to en
tioe the baby to the “spoon “ are highly improper i
aud should be discouraged. Tlir is a common
practice, not only with nurses,but with affectionate,
though inexperienced mothers, from a prevalent but
erroneous idea of dimishing the demands on the
breast, or strengthening the ohild with additional
nourishment. If the mother be not irregular m her
mode of liviug, she need not fear haviag a plentiful
supply for her infant; and she may rest assured
that the nutriment which is thus afforded is far bet
ter adapted to its young stomach than any prepa
ration whioh Bhe can devise. Nor should ehe im
pose upou herself abstinence from her former and
usual mode of living. On the ci utrary,; she should
oontiuue that diet whioh she has found by experi -
ence to be most conducive to her health—that which
she knows will best agree with her, aud which
therefore, will be tbe most suitable so. her child
Her natural appetite should be indulged, but ex!
cesses of every description must be repressed. No
thing else than the milk which nature has provided
should enter the ohild's mouth for the first three or
four months. A little panada or something similar,
may then be introduced, with a view of tamiliariz
ing it to its taste, and thereby lessening the difficul
ty or damage of a complete aud sudden alteration
at Ihe oritical period of “ weaning.” No spices, no
wiue, no sugar, should, at any time after this period
be mixed witb the food or drink. These contri
vances to make the food what is called “ pa.atable
and nourishing,” are sure to vitiate the natural
taste, poison the blood and fill the stomach with
acids.
Much sugar, especially, uot only gives the ohild a
disrelish for wholesome diet, but encourages it to
swallow more than it otherwise would, or than it re
quires . and tints it is made glultinous before it cau
be strictly said to eat.
An infant is too often deprived of its milk before
ita system is ready for more solid artioles. What
people call “solid food” is presum dto contribute
more to its growth. In the first place, milk, though
a tluid, is in the stomach speedily converted into a
soiiil substance, where it is very soon digested, af
fording tbe best possible nourishment to the body.
It would seem contrary to nature to put solid sub
stances into the mouth of a child before it is sup
plied with teeth with whioh to masticate The period
of “ cutting the teeth” should therefore be regarded
as tbe proper time for weaning, provided that tho
season be uot unfavorable, that is, not too warm,
and the state of the mother's health as well as that
of the ohila, should be good. During the process
of “ cutting” infants may be allowed crust of bread
or biscuit, which they cau Buck or chew—corals, or
other iiard aubstauces, are very improper, for they
are apt to brui9e the gums and oause inflammation,
or render them hard and oallou- by continual rub
bing. Bearing this in mind, muoh difficulty at this
period will be avoided, and the pain aud constitu
tion disturbance very muoh lessened. A few weeks
before the intended time of weaning, that is to
say, iu tho first interval between Ihe earliest signs
of the teeth and the appearance of at least four of
them, the child may be fed from the “ spoon” more
frequently and food given more liberally. The milk
should be diminished iu quantity in such proportion
that the gradual increase of the former aud the
gradual diminution of the latter shall render the
change almost imperceptible. At this time bread
and milk will be the most appropriate food, it may
be prepared by boiling bread iu water, afterwards
pouring off tho water and adding a proper quantity
of new milk, unboiled. New milk is more whole
some and nourishing than when boiled, as it is lesß
apt to occasion constipation. But it is not neocSßary
to confine the child to one particular kind us diet.
The bill of fare should be gradually enlarged, and
changed as its increase in strength may authorize.
Highly seasoned dishes, or pastry, should never be
allowed, nor the praotioo of eating between meals
or late at night. Temperance is that, sure preserva
tive of health which cannot be taught at too early
an age. Let your children, therefore, eat at proper
intervals, such food as is best adapted to their
physical watts: and the longer they can be kept
from things whioh experience has proved to be high
ly perniciouß, tho more rapidly will they thrive and
the greater number of complaints will they osenpe.
Inconveniences always at ise the moment we oppose
the intentions of nature, aud it is this deviation
which, in most cases, compels us to have recourse
to Ihe preoariuus aid of art.
In concluding this series, Mr. Editor, I must, beg
the indulgence of the reader while I very briefly
notice a communication whioh appeared in the
Augusta Dispatch of the 20th ult.
The writer did me the honor to select, as the cap
tion of bis article, a part of the following, which is
contained in my first article on the Physical Train
ing of Children:
“But if a child must be sent to school before he
has learned to appreciate instruction and before
he is physically fit to endure the fatigue of study,
send him whe’che will not be confined longer than
three hours a day, and to a teacher who knows how
to govern without the rod.”
Now I would most kindly inquire of the gentle
manly correspondent of tbe Dispatch, whether his
quotation of my language be not more “extraordi
nary” than my language as copied above. It is not
very remaikable that the writer should have
“paused and reviewed” a passage whioh he may
have oonsiuered ambiguous or unintelligible, but ib
it not strange that, after his “attention and farther
progress'’ should have been thus arrested, and after
having recovered from his astonishment, he Bliould,
though still in the dark, be enabled dearly to com
prehend what was not even dreampt of by the au
thor of the article under bis review.
I have not expressed an opinion either for or
against corporal punishment in school or in the
“domestic circle.” Whatever sentimrnt I may
cherish, however, with respect to the use of the
rod, I have yet to be convinced of the truth of the
principle that, for sooth, because a teacher pledges
himself not to employ it, he necessarily “compro
mises bis ‘sense of duty’ or bis dignity.”
The writer of this, is not a praotioal teacher, aa
the gentleman has supposed ; and indeed were be
desirous of eugaging in the highly honorable voca
tion, of whioh the gentleman himself, ir doubtless
an efficient member, and did he possess every other
qualification requisite for so arduous aud responsi
ble a position, be would still feel sensible of his
peculiar unfitness from the faot that he, like the
gentleman, would be compelled to resort to the rod
in order to.preserve his dignity in the school room.
It strikes me that tbe gentleman has been singu
la- ly unfortunate in bis poetioal selection to estab
lish bis position. The lines whioh follow, and whioh
I have taken the 1 berty to italicise, have been
copied from the gentleman’s communication in tbe
Dispatch. They impress our mind with a senti
ment quite tbe reverse of that entortaiuod ny the
gentleman who first quoted them :
‘ in colleges and halls, In indent days
There dwelt a sage called Discipline ;
Hie eye was meek and gentle, and a mile
i'lay and on his 1 ps ; ana in his tpeteh was heard
Paternal eeweetnes, dignity and love
The occupation nearest to his breast,
Has to encourage goodness. Learning grew
Bentatb his care, a thi tying vigorous plant.
The mind was well Informed, tho passions held
Subordinate, diligence van choice.
if e’er it chsnoed, at sometimes chance it must,
That one among so many over leaped
The limits of control, his gentle lye
Grew stern and darted a severe rebuke,
His form was ull ot terror and his voice
Shook the delinquent with such fits of awe
As let t him not till penitence had won.”
If in tbe above lines, the rod is implied, then I
must say that it is quite a different one from that of
which I have some very feeling remembrnoe—that
implement of sohool-room discipline ot whioh we
speak. I dsubt, however, whether even a little
child who “is not fit to endure tbe fatigue of
stu ty” wonld object to that kind of discipline of
whioh the poet speaks.
In conclusion, will the gentleman be bo kind as
to inform the reader, from which portion of bia
“magazine” of holy writ, he will find authority for
his use of the rod as a “practical school teacher.”
Madison, Ga., Nov. 2.
For the. Chronicle 4- Sentinel.
Aeylazc for the Blind.
Meuphis, Tenn., Nov. Ist, 1858.
Mr. Editor : On leaving my home in Elberto n
Georgia, to attend the sitting of the Grand Lod^ e ’
held in Macon last week, lifflie expected to trf , ü bie
you with an epistle. But while there, the mem
bers of the Grand Lodge were invited to visit the
Asylum for the Blind. I, with several othf ,re, avail
ed myself of the opportunity ; and as I s,m a teach
er by profession, of fourtesn year’s experience, 1
deem it but an act of jestioe to give you a short
talk about that noble institution* founded by the
munificenoe of our great tnd glorious Empire
State. Tbe new building is in progress, and will
be a most commodious one, when completed. The
■obooi is under the superinten'jeao9 of Mr. W. D.
Williams, and two blind tes.ohers, Mr. E. A. Hall
and Miss H. Guilan. To say, sir, that I was pleased,
or even surprised with the performance, would be
inadequate language. The pupils appear to have
learned the branches taught them with a rapidity
nearly equal to those having all their natural senses.
A class of little girls some ten years old, read in
the Testament with great ease and precision. The
same class had been to reduotion in Arithmetic—
besides making considerable advancement in En
glish Grammar and Geography, and were able to
write letters home to their parents. 1 gave them a
lew sums in Arithmetic, which they worked out as
quickly and correctly, as girls of their age and op
portunities, would have done, having their sight;
for, I believe, none of them had been in school over
two and a half years.
But the most wonderful exhibitions were in Mu
sic—Instrumental and Vocal. There was a class of
young men who performed on the violin ; and they
brought forth suoh music as Orpheus was wont to
do of old. The same class performed en brass in*
Btruments, in the capacity of a band, and I assure
you their performance would put to the blush many
a musician with two good eyes. The young ladies
performed upon the Piano, and sang with great ele
gance and ease. Their performances were truly as
tonishing. How any one, entirely blind, can be
taught so muob, and so thoroughly, is, indeed, won
derful.
I gave the class of young men, in Arithmetic, a
sum in interest, quite a ditfloult one too, but they
solved it as readily as a class of tbe same stage of ad
vancement, would have done bed they poasessed
their sight
They were makiDg fine progress in Algebra, Phi-
losophy, and the other Aoademio studies. The pu
pils ell appeared to enjoy themselves well. I
notioed that the Teachers were as gentle and as af
fectionate towards their unfortunate pupils as the
most indulgent parent could well be.
Mr. Williams’ gentleness to his pupils, his re
markable courtesy and affablensss to visitors, ex
hibit the true gentleman, and show that the right
man is in the right plaoe. May he long live to bless
that unfortunate class of beings— the blind—with
his indefatigable labors.
All papers in Georgia, and in the neighboring
Statee, friendly to tbe Buccess of the institution and
to the unfortunate class it proposes to benefit, will
please copy. Elberton,