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BY W. S. JONES.
TERMS.
THE WEEKLY
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THE CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
DAILY AND Titl-WKKKI V,
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ru: WEEKLY PAPER, Poor Dollars, to ad
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thi.,*ART advertisement*, published once a
v, eek u Daily Tri-Weekly or Weekly, Neer-e and
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Si i- I: Notices, 7V n Cent* per line, for tbe li s
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D.isi.ATED AsykrtionisD, ‘J'rrt Veals per
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Fifty V'-iJi twh Obituaries, 7>r Ctnit pe
MONROE
iiiAIJ l\\m\\.
1839.
I ‘Oil ‘5 U • “<’ r lhiH IrcAnt orctniMli-iD,
|< t|,uaa. ,({ iDAtitutlon han en)oye4 th inrrtax
ini’ fnn'i ot< ■, and biipport of an intelligent public. its
j tt> c<nifrianl the highest ratpect. Tbla Institution
ii\ K (iK.M KAL DKPAHTMKNTS!
I A COLLEGE DKPARTMKNT, which embraces
‘a 1/ *r years’ course of study, including all the branches
mi -i ‘nee u<cc aary to mak” YonDg Ladies thorough
I I i,N aCADKMIU DEPARTMENT, in which pn
i. ;i ar rw I-’ ! v ire pared for College, and a good hasih
i (l! “a M*[; * tt.J DEPARTMENT, with tried teachers,
the Piano Forte, oui*
. < :, lianj-alnm. Violin, Hute, Ac. Advanced
I,’ -, art* taught to aompoae ftiuic, if desired. Prof.
KI H’ , A , .VoHNA MENTAL DEPARTMENT, in which
re Painting In OlJaml Wat• Colors, Grc-
Pn.ntiDir Drienmi Painting. Penciling, Mono, tiro
i r twiry’ Wax Pnntaud Flowers, Crape Work,
rt ,. hl - iplory, Papd*rKlwr=, Roain Fruit, iu:.
V A DOM LBTIC DEPARTMENT, in wbieh pupUs
’-'i dit the dean niai'T .'uud Practical Principle* <> Do
. tic Affairs Two bourn on every Tuesday, Tl.ur*
, ‘ and ’ aturday will he devoted to this Department.
*i he i n.. • ihu * * mployed will not in the least ictcrieie
*„h tbe Literary Department
•| in in tl onlv College in fleorgia giving attenti ;n to
ti-i : no -t ensenual part of Female Education.
I'lif Hoard of instruction are thorough scholar* and
Tiicnciiced teachers, three of whom gradual and with
,u ,r at jMhTITIITION
where the daughter*of MinUter* of the Qonpel of
i.d.mte mean*, are i ducaUil WITHOUT CHANGE
F.’ >K TUITION*; moreover, worthy indigent orphan*
} a ilnuahi* * *ot i.ccdy Ministers: will he hoarded from
to 50 per cent i j than the usual rate*.
PupiD an- here taugi.t Economy. Extravagance in
nut allowed Jewelry i* not A pupil’s dreeing
” n\ m rioednot coat more than from s.(oto SSO
lUMItl) OP TIIPNTKKH.
R.v AJOI EL SHERWOOD, D D., Griffin, Pren’t
|{. V 8 LVANITS LANDRUM. W&eon,
K,’,/ FLLJAH ,1 PANNAL, LoiilrtVille.
u,. v wm O. WILKES. Forsyth
ji ~, CHNOINNATUH PEEPLES, Forsyth.
H ii JOHN T. CROWDER. Monroe county.
jAS H PINCKAUD Forsyth.
KHBN TAYhOU, Esq., ColeparchfM*.
I>l LAIN F PONDER. Eaq . Forsyth
DisMPIl I CAR ON, Esq., Macoucounty.
iiAMEI. SANFORD. Esq., Foray th, SccreUry.
On). JOHN T. STEPHENS, Forsyth,
i iiJO A. CABANIBS, Esq., Treasurer.
FACULTY.
K-v WM C. WILKES, A M., President.
I*4 Us It T. AS BURY. A. M.
O- GEO T WILBURN, A M.
I , .* WM. FISHER, A M
Mrs MARY A. WILKES.
Mr* KATE A SHI RY.
Mr.-; dARY A. LAND
Mi. JULIA A STANFORD.
Mi tROXIKA CHAPPELL.
Mi i.s CARRIE E. 1* \KD.
q up ion from SU to SSO per year ; Music, $00; Eoard
iiint i mouth, exclusive of lights aud washing.
lie Spring Term will begin on the 17th JANUARY.
Fi.r further information, address any member of the
Faculty, ur Trustees
WILLIAM O. WILKES, Prcs’t.
RICHARDT. ASBURY, Sec y
k orsylh, ~ W. in.'<
(in i: hook below tin;
H IKIIAMCS’ Hi Mi.
IN mv ‘to-W *i r.00i13, bTUgbt of tho Kxeentor f the
t..ti M. B. V Chow, then* are a groat many articles
vvbu h a o out of th nneofbnsiue>s which l carry on,
:nul which I 1> not intend to keep iu future. Amoi'gtnc
•li t are the tollowiug:
l \ls<jr. KMLIIO.iD. I>KKl* WK.1.1. AND FORGI.
ft Mi s ihiKN wll*l*B. STRAW OUTTBRB.
• I INI’ MIRKS CAItrKNTBUS’TOOI.'i.
CltOSMttilT. SAWS HRADK. C. S.
UlUi'Kaml i’LASTKHING TROW
ELS, drawing knivk.s,
FII.KS, RASPS, Ac
. -,-,i vcr-'KA i I'ingt • buy any of the above men
, ~, i ( will well them cheaper than ANY
<i i| i-’.|t :; 1 si: is Augusta, nnd for teas than was
paid f*r theta in Sew York. . „ . ,
I have now ui store a very line aud full stock oi
II eV Hardware. Tin Ware ; Cook, Pario and
~..x SI . o Cistern an.i Hydrant lumps, with i'iock
•i „ i. I n.’.d lialvani.e ’ Iron l ipesanda general as
t , vfr y article in the House Furnishing lino
.hail 1,0 r ,'ularly r- calving additions to it
j. all I the public aro respectfully Invit ‘d to
, a 1 ad, and aatia'y themselves that 1 aru .oiling
Iu- at very moderate pr dts.
.
IIICOI’M <1 l£l.l!
1 1 ’ II i; undersigned professes (o care Dropsy of every
1 .V ;n 11.1 , Ho can bo sun personally live miles
V 101 Union Point, or addressed by let or to Cniou
live, uo i-immy.Ga. The medicine can 1.0 tent
, ; ,,, here ly rai road, with direct onsi for giv >ug it ,or I
, 1 Bsccodpcr o sally, if requested, and paid 1 r n>
...uI,U i sa.li ouy nog.oaaafflicted with Droy-yor
mo them, aali e ovtper may pre or. Rem t tuo F*
..liar and I will acud medicine enough for one i •until.
MILES G. BROOME.
Till iA to certify that my father had a negro man ai
tliete-l with Dropsy in 1833 . hss had been treand by
tovcral physicians'’without any core, when he applied
to M. O. Itroorae tor his remedy, which cored hhu. Ho
is . till living anil in food health. c
11. 0 All ltd
Hrecnesl urn’, (la , Jan.dial, 1838.
This ; s to certify that I had a negro woman badly ah
i t and wt.b Dropsy tor a considerable time. She was
tie ,| el by sovoi t.l ph N s'ci ns; they fa led to make .
l hr-iof oi i.l lißioiio'iti 1 put her umi *r his
I,', si- ,if its-’ .n • than a year .ho wa- ti-on ughly
c-red Oi Dropsy. JAMSS AV (M
tvnfioid. Oa “,ht. V, tt
■)00 IHII.I.\KS REtt.IRD!
t*OK the apprehension of my Boy W AriHiJWTON,
’ wb rsmaway about ibei'Hb i t March
H • is about 40 years of ago, amt a mulatto , is quite
*rav headed; the mcia l finger aud ifce one next to it.
has bee u cut off—tkoyghx to boot the Lit band, is a
i !u. maker bv trade. at*d is very slow of speech when
, okeu to it is thought sit be has a tree pass, and is
trying to make L-a wav to the free Stale*. rh above
r. ward will be given to- tbo appseiosneioß. with m oot to
uv 1( t any while person i having him v* dr
.ope >. ora reasunableo lupensation ou’.l♦ > tiler
. w v lo wbe oubsi : tin l, Os ioig*:d a l
.: ut . :-t him. ISAAC AM> BY.
Columbia County, Ga.. April 12,1859. ***>
LOOkjIKHE.
Fanners, I'lniilt-rs and Keepers of
HOBSBS.
Keep your Horses in Good Condition..’
im MINUS
ims fan use mu
rpH K virtues of the celebrated GER-
L MAN FyWDKIk art* attested by thousands
who have used it Hi- r -'-in posed of Vegetable Roots
and Herbs, and is highly .mmanded for the cure and
prevention of all tbcscdiwwetv, co which tb.it animal—the
Horsb- —i.s abject: a> Uiump*t, Hide bound, Drowsi-
D? ,’ Ls cf Appetite. Inward Sprain*. VeUow Water.
Fatigue iroa hand exercise or work, the
Kyes UebUity, Wasting of Flesh. Ae. It carried off all
gross’ humors, prevent- horses from becoming stiff cr
foundered, purines and cools the blood, and improves
t heir general condition. The constancy increasing dt
manu for tin celebrated “ HORSE MEDICINE is one
of tbo ,e unmtstakeabie proofs of its worth. In ca*ea oi
Hide N'ucd. I. ss of Aps>cf3te, Drows.ness. Fatigue.
r. mdi'iou of the Skm; imparts a £.ne glossy coat of
Hair : t is a uuiv ersai Oonditum Powdaf. Farmers and
I'iaaters should not he without this vtlttbw a -.wder.
For wholesale and retail, by
FISHER * HEINITSH.
Columbia, S. C.,
• PLUMB & LEITNER,
Whoiosaie and Retail Druggists, Augusta, Ga
BAHER!BANKS!LANDi LANDS!!
*, E quantity of the best l anting and Farci
\ : .ug LANDS m soatkem Georgia tad elsewhere, in
Tracts of SSO to -i,OOU acree to suit \ . rchasers. Also
tea lo'fifteea leagues of select Tea*.- t j nds. with clear
it • is now offering at very low rates at ike the Georgia
Land Office, in Augusta.
Hills of tl>e Augusta, harannah. A-net*, and the
C?ha* ; e.-UH: and Hamburg suspeadci Banks, wit* bet*
Is *1 ta payment at par value, Negroes will be taken ai*
*>, and the higfcect cash prices allcwed.
Person i*‘siroaa of fonainf settlements cr making
af iwnmeßt% whi dnd it to their interest to call at
Office, Warren Range, Attfusta, Oa.
j M DAVISON
Land Agent and B*l Estate Broker
eeOTdlwAwtf
—y *
13V KMVBOBV who Hkes got and Hordes, good Cattle
J *r g>*ol Saeep, should take the AMERICAN
STOCK JOURNAL, pnblisiied monthly at 140 Fulton
c*treb Ner -Vork, at $1 per yvir. specimen copies
grat is—send and get one. tefcb wtf
f-
FOB SALE,
Wffv ACRES* F-ae 1.A1.D lying each side of the
f ;)|l liwfta Railroad. *o:i above Renrlia •
130 acr.f oi whi. h are la coil.vat on the remainder well
timbere i. 1 here Li ou the place a good Dwelling and
outbuildings and a splendid Weil of water. 1 have .so
Catlle Horses Males Hogs and Plantation Tools wmch
I will sell with the place. Address
* H. A MBP .y.
ian3Bvrtf Bemeiia, Cvlttjabiacooa y, Ga.
Cgnsniclc t<
wiiil Litter from tnb-
Gkiat bu.; Lakk Citt, A;- I’ : . t
Tbinya zre *ti!i iu a very un-t i.c cyoa *i;
Uii* Territory. Tbe prott&i and acth.m o:
such an extent that in ‘.he S utfcera p-'ti l* o’ tr.e
Territory aU the diff*iUrrte* *f t he V hzve
fled. Warrants are on: for the vanoua divikiona of
the hierarchy, viz: Hi* hope, Preridei: > of State,
Kidera. Ate.,a being imi iicatod in the horrid iccr
eotnewhere tlet, anti econfi? g of -ro t-b, uc
Marshal. are out in various dlrsctiocs in pursuit of
You may form pome idea of the inorah of fh'm
C p io ES^trJSV^
Kive* to tbe County Cour* i..e c,i . -
■-V rtaa 2 im* t* fAi.fci i>* t
GrardJn/ie*, recs .Oy **•*••> led *ti **<.n of
tbe United State* D.etr.a Court in Provo, tbe l i.i
----t-d States Marshal now Las beticb warrants for er
uue .-tate of ai!’..-s Ibis Temt try, ,-.nd tbe <ietp
witbin tbe last *i.t weeks, and which are now bemj;
developed, and I have no hesitation in sajriiifr that
Monr onitm, with all its ciaft and ounninjf, wil i.-
aeif be astounded, and acri-s will ooaie, or a b.g
vtampeoe lake place ano, t .e r _r,..: tbeotowrh
from the hißbeet to the iowe.t -.flieial. it may be
down as allied !.'(, a ?4‘- ’-rdvu j- ‘ .i ■ ,
either lied t.itis or eouviet, but the pol y now fcs
-lIIK pureu. and by Jud,<. i a
committing magitfriF , and taking d‘>*u the ri- j
been caught *u;d other 4 ‘ olante*.ra. will hav- i e I
world, CfiMiudlcJ, wve o T *ly by the and k a •;<* i
that which will sac •-d it,’ no matte’ >. ih; : .ar*y I
broglio as rnui h a they please, but sooner * r iT r
it mutt be met. The iurelligeuce of the i -.v w ill
be aroused, its to n bib ic j ed, and i -er y
past iota called n setiva exerc.De. Jlea\ . i be
lieve,!* retributive, and w ill yet bo uom .
The Theocracy that regulates this Territory j ss
powerful and ail pervading a- when Brigham i ouug
and Lw deluded f li*W'ers lirtt penetrated the-e
valleye. It into tbe smalle t poUiical miru
tia?, it is a web spun from the palace of Briyhf.m j
Stake , etc., is ratTiiliea ail .* cu : tia. <, j
veils the Degbl’F’ ro wi h r. fi irvs re- the i
rno.xt petty local officer down to that < c *f. ’ab e,
tho* forming a ntt-work that covers < • O r 1
tha: can be done. It might properiy be
ecclesiaritical telegraph y ? in, wh* i-flon>
are perfect and complete, which, a’ •. .-d -g ■ ! ■ h, j
arouses tbe sensibilities of all Moral*u- - • i b*.
Territory, puts ttiein up si their guard, o , ; ml |
instructs every pari ac.d poni.m howto ac*. . •- i
peciahy wlien th-ir'-ijiij'!• !- .-* are abou to b:; *-x J
i
at the Federal authorities, ami more c ;.f jialty :he
Judiciary superinducing thereby a feeling defi ant
of all la vs ex cept what the Church chooses to < xe
cute, aud totally iac meistent with the spirit of our
institutions.
This is no fancy sketch. 1 would 1. were. A man
must he litre on the ground to f.*e! iU full Jo. co
and power, when ail Lis sem es wi; ! be the nnwil- j
ling wi'i.ess of lie trnih, viheis he can almost t .‘e i
lf.Mßeli it, hear it, see it, aud touch ii. A ( invo
cation at once so ingenious ana varied, forn s a
coat of mail that covers not only ti c v'‘r.'s, mu
every part ts Mormoi.i-m, and againtd v’i h** j
civil lances us Fedeia authori*y have been :md j
will Continue to bes :iv. i -d, u. \ in re p*L j
and tfi live reinedh *be applied, may be n k
ed whiiv Ci.n be done? Why quit c-ompromi- ng
and di ly dallying, and temporisii>g with this tec.lly
independent people ont hem in the Rocky Moun j
fairs? I answer again, repeal the Organic Act. i
and let it revert back according to my count ruction j
of the provision;* *t the ordinance ot 178 V. the prae
tic.al operations of which would cut off the Church
Influence in political affairs, hnd give it a blow that
would inakf it reel, sud if well followed up, will
eventually make it totter arid crumble.
There is no news at the camp. The troops are
trained every day in all kinds of military exercises,
forming, at present, a little army, whose discipline
is utcqual ed, probably, by any in the wr.rkh
The camp is the asylum of’ M irmon witnesin who
Lave lied there tor protection, welt k. vvirg that
they would bo “knifed’’ iiuiside before they could
have a chance of giving in their testimocy i<> Ihc
atrocious murdeis and crime:- all auy referred to.
_ K A.
Tli© Uoml ('vt r Mount (M)I-*.
Aa this load will soon become famous as
the route of (he jfr rich army into Italy, the l “ow
ing description given by a coircf-poiident of N • N.
York Time*, who recently pat. and oyer it, v. be
read with interest:
Ihb road over Mount Ceuis is macudt.n iy.ed
throughout its whole extent, and is wide aud m per
fect order, consisting ol easy grad< s. On 1 top
of tbe /ncunlain ihere wae much oro'c, but i .ost of
il was rciiioyed from the read—a w ork of g; ; la
bor, as the cuts in some p’acee were ten feet deep,
aud the snow so compact that its sides were per
pendicular. The diligence several L<-tMs in
parsing through (his region of LmuW, and i? was
t-nowing af Die tiac-. ami exTrccii ly a, ■ t -
day and Tuesday of this week it rained hard u the
west side of the mountain, and il was feared that tbe
of troops was impeded by fre:*h snows.-
Tbe lourney over the p;;-sis r;o pleasant affair,
even toons who occupied the protected seals of a
comfortable diligence—-such wes my fortunate posi
tion—what mm I it be to soldiers on loot, vr t with
sever# rains, and incumbered with knapsack v and
arms
‘i he pass is ii,Bj. r > feet high—nearly JOd ieil pigh
cr than the famous Fimplon pass. That of the great
JSt. Bernard, over which Napoleon conduc e his
army bit roai.y road had ote n
leet. Tbe easy grades of the Mont Ceiiin road, ?n A
the protection furuishoil by granite pcs son is cx
j teriov, within seven or eight feet of each other—
briny planted in th - * earth, and about l .rrfeet
high v dilate that a principal object in thus form
ing it, was tfa easy and sale hauling of cunt on and
baggage over tha Him.- I walked for milts ov. r the
road, in the aecent i*QW Lhe Sardinian sic \ and
carefully observed ‘ts MoetiiN-iwi. ‘fhn engineer
ing difficulties were immense, but they bavp bctii
overcome with such skill, that the asoent is u pinna
iu..:! easy in every part. Occasion hy a level place
i* le!i b affiird relief to horses from the wea i *ome
ucbo of a abdfiidypull. I noticed ihat the ::ij ;ks of
the drill used ia blasting were nearly obli't rated,
the effect of long conuca and exposure to ever©
stoims, and the character of tius yev k* whi< h is a
suit limestone. ,
If may be, if the history of Hie road sh-.! 1 t e, 1 •
lost., tbnt future nuliquai iaos may contend f: in the
ole i! eifcl.ii ill of all s’g us of b'aeiiuo iliat at 1-tstno
gr. at (liUieullici, were etcounlcred in ile c True
thin, even if they do not insist thai it -• ii.rtued
on a natural bed. One is itruck with wor.e r that
.nek {i Ktcat work, over hi|<!i mountains, should
have beta formed and linisbed ou a line on ciii g •
fifty miles, so . ompletely that it exceeds in excel
lence auy road I know of in the United states,
whether public cr i rivate. aiU Ikijß or short. It is ,
kept iu blub order, aud i.> denct w(4,1 *b, - b tn)l >
wi li entire safety.
It teemed imrat appropriate, ts tf.lt id toad
was the work of the elder Napoleon, that lie r-pre
eentative of name should distinguish notch
by t|"HK it ft” the march of a great army einied at
thbckW p>cwhich Napoleon snotttr ■ er.-
CnUiiteied so.ou nisi r cro'stiu- tlej S;?n Ah .’
J-'nim Ike A. v f3*/er„v i’.- n . ..
The fflexlrnu illnssiiere siT e
Oui attentive oi.riesp- r.dent at the city ‘i ‘ex.t i
trauemite to uh a pamphlet of eix : et n . oa*
rating the late unheald of atrocities m Tat üba>a.
Therein the reepontibility of that dreadful.m -sacre
in chained directly upon Miremon, just retr.ruedin
dieeraev trom Vera Crus, and bresihing v n,;eauce
uptm nil arii. ni.* i■ or “ “'cii ‘ aii.n liiiif to
tne liberal cat e. At ail .events, it ■■ s'a: and the
slaußhier did not commerce, nor k.d ij.e di:. ee g”
r r:h till after in. consultation with MaiipO... a, i
,'ltj i, and even then iaffc wore oifi.... ’■ r
fused to execute the orders of the tnuinvirat Bas
unfortuuately too many breath;.! .ha ••ainn spirit
with their niakters to save the Mexican nair fc'iti
the infamy of deeds ; a 1 which,’ it is well ea ."the
savage on the border, the Serce Apaches ar.d Ca
munches, would have hiritatedj at v. tl civil
ized world stands appalled.”
Tbe first victim was the Oca. i. . .
aoldie*, vho was walk ng iu the Archbishop gar
den a! the time .ui'bis *r xure Ii would app.ar that
he had been a severe car lain, and liis ioriner
subalterns, in conducting himto hi ■ ‘ace of exscu
tiun, took that occasion to avenge ttci-i.-e.vro .'th
insults i to which the general replii ; i • it is nry
cowardice to insult a man condemn od to de *h.”. •
Aud again, when told that he was to die th aei:,.
of atraii.:, be ausweredt ‘ 1 i.ir> n, -. . i
to death. J only feel it for my faini y > sak •. For
myself, lam resigned to my fate.” Uo w.s titsu
allowed to drifti a glat-of water, and fail, font
through the s!.oolder and head. The cffic.-rs who
sudi.t.vi with him were Cole. Viliagruu -ad Artea
ga. Capt. Loper aud Lieut. Sierra. The lire: is -aid
to have distinguish ‘d himself for his valor in the
war with the United States. Notwithstanding
their entreaties, all were shot with their backs turn
ed as traitors.
The physicians assassinated wereDrs. Portugal,
Rivero, Sanchez, Duval and Aoad. The first was
cousin ot Castillo, Mirsmon s Minister if war, an
office which to his honor he at once resigned. It is
stale.; tii'V. these unfortunate men were advised to
lake refuge la but they refused. A lew mo
meets after the ic.urlaied soldiery, now drunk with
aquaiiieute, rushed into the hospital and dragged
their victims ont into the street, a.-saesicated th.tn
In the most barbarous manner. One of the® was
engaged in l indmg up >he wounds of |lw enemy at
tii€* liiuc ; tlit? .*f i ;*"* iu topotofioos.
Adiour the mtt red ol the \i( ‘ s is tl:c
young CovarrnbiaF, eon ot the well known Vera
Crc* poet of that name, aud hhseelf the author of
many Leaa'ifu! lyrice and other pieet-s which K’- y e
>jre&t promUa .or the future. He w&s but a young
mac ot ciceti ii jdaU -5 a]id tioußh doubtless, f'ke
ail each young men, optn u. a.,-2 de“laratioriS of sym
pathy wuli the liberal cause, had *it>: been oereou
ally in boaUlitiee. This waa to
:he atteiitjon of Marque*, as aluo were pleaded be- \
fore him the extraordinary genius and literaly &c
compUshmeute ot the young mac. But they were
of no avail. The assassin was inexorable. “ Tfce=e
young men v s gemna, ‘ was hi3 reply, “ are juet the
young men tinu w. have me si to fear.’’
The wik>le camber oi ikooirp victims is tifty-three;
i bough it w believes! to be much larger. They were
assassinated in thestnets, in their bouse? anywhere
the ernud soldiery chaotod to meet them, ani for
two days, or till their trleods removed them, their
dead bodies lay cnburied. untouched in the street-
Finaily. they were ai: carried off m common carls
to a neigbooring ravine, into which, as into ore
great Golgotha, they were all thrown together. In
the meantime, the VJCtcrk us generals were irak rg
their ixumph&l entry, ‘ with their prisoners dragge-1
alter tl-em a li Li- nays of old. uro the capital
the cathedral and its towyr* were hung with red
a procession of women—we can hardly believe the
statement —presented Maiqudi with a s&shc- ? tie
same sanguinary odor ana solemn TV Zvtrm was
chanted in honor of the victory.
Hoc Cholera Ccbed.—The Hog Cholera which
proved fatal in Ten net see, Kentucky, and the
YVer last year, found its way into Georgia. Large
numbers of Hogs, mostly young, died ot the sane
deease. W® yaaru that Dr James G. Y\ hat ley, of
I’pec-n couruy, tjiiriy head last year, aud Seven
ty-seven this year, every one that wit? taken,
died He concluded to try the effect of a dry lot,
eleven beiug sick at the time. He kept there
without water three weeks—th > sick hogs recover
ed, the disease was eradicated, and has not troub.ed
lum any iurther. Several of bis nrighbors Lave
eiswe tried it jsith the same flattering result. Try
jKtncfln.
The shad lives bat a single year. It is hatched
in the early summer—descends the steams as soon
as large enough—feeds and fattens in the winter at
the mouth ot the stream—ascends in the spring to
deposit its spawn—decends to die at Lae bottom of
the ocean.
tl HOFEAN INTELLICifi.NCR.
I f:\ci r in ‘i- - i\- i -y arNce of lae JLoncoa Ikata,
adverse evootft that the prsc is driven pennanent
ly below that i At the F 1C of tbe Kue-iaa
war although th*-re vtzl* c.::m-;ate!y a dcelice to 85.
U weie Z>]>- at 20 to hi count, ilid the fln&i |
Lie rata >: interest, the 12 montha’notice
There were no furihor failures in tbe Stock Ex
to be paid by F.cre win have K.Lipended will prove
The charge for six month-’ bills ia cocseqaen’ly
t t> per cm/:. Ihe 8ar.... o. England, however,
‘V. “ :/Kei.v7 wtr ’ - 1 . -d n Saturday r : ids j
4te, opened rib ■ morning at Olf 15c. The final j
Ab>ut in oar geii wa. taken fro a the
Hv i-h’ • ifal-from Melbourne with 21,101 ouncU of
j:iU)\ KAC’ a, j:i Ceyl -n* far
Judi.-i, l’ iu .i :: a Governmnu'. r .nittance of
£-:2 ; i.oMi) L> (..’.d-.-atta, r,,d fir China.—
■
confirms the IV.c: of th • passage of the Trcino. by liie
WiS[vici°ted b tbl HneofVne liver Dora.^
Turin, Saturday, April 30, 3JO r. M.—Acc rd
ii:g to ink I’igence re • rived here the Austrian troops
which bad been concentrated at Pavia, in
dy, ent- re i the Pi dm uite.se territory yesterday iu
■ thrc- CmAso; ouj body, as it appears, passing
through Gravellona, t > tbe of Novara ; a
second, lakir-g the road through Abbiate Grasao,
penetrated during the night to Caesale; and a third
disembarked thib mcruiug at Stress and Arona, on
f.30, P. M.—Tito corps d’armoe which entered
Pied i.ont by Gravellona* cooeists of 2 > ba’talions
raid ;g;.t battorc aof cannon. At 1 1.30 this morn
ing the advanced pc.-t: wore at Vespolate, iu tbe
province of Noviviu, and a still more numerous
oorpi d’nriaee ia on its march from Vigevano by
[*i'iiiH is not. the Gravellona near tbe Logo Mag
giuie, but a small town of i lie same name between
Vigevano and Vespolate ]
Saturday Eve mug, April 30.—The following ofii
ci.J bu!> tin Lai been published :
The Ac-'a n;*, who were concentrated at Pavia,
are r.v.rchii?g in bodies towards Mortara.
Gen. McM ikon h . drived ar. Genoa. Troops
have quilt* 1 Genoa n ‘ ote I•: Ale-sendria
Turin, May 1,9.4 U.—There is a considerable
movement pMloops to A -sandiia ; the King has
gone to take i- ipmaud The Austrians are in
ioree at Novara and also at f’avia. The French in
fantry and artillery continue to arrive. No decisive
Turin .Sunday, May l —Anrfiirul bulletin just
pub i<hed states that the King and his stiff left this
.
French troops le t Turin t his morning for* Alebsan
dria Otlicr ;yoi pa Laye arrived from France ‘.villi
two baiteiies.
Vir.NN v, Saturday, April 30—Nothing impi
j
poHtic al reae c n and edarifr h *ik f*w ar°by^ the 1
! ii\t peror. An Order of tho day to the army by the !
| limperor, ha* been published to day, and mum rous
j mi litary picmotictp have t een made,
i \ IF..NNA, buuday, cd ‘-y i —T. e Austrian Corres
i P tic* concentrawoa pf; the. civil and
military powers, now beooim necessary, tbe Arch
duke Ferdinand Maximilian is, till fuiLhcr orders,
j discharged from liis missiou of Governor-General of
| G eneral Gyulai, i ’ iutru:.:ed with the functions of
! Govemor-Ge. a ral, and during hie absence from
Milan the General of Cavalry Walmoden ia ap
his deputy. For the macagementof civil
ijuirti £t>laixi ciliv.ens are appointed to assis the
| Deputy Governor cd to represent the Commander
J seat of war.
] l*i Kb mom.—Turin May 2.—The following clli
dial bulletin has beeu • üblished to day :
.
! 2,(iho orenpy Mo :a. am. JOOirfr.nt
j ry and 50 cavalry Novara. No movement hss
been made towa c: Veru lli Tie Austrians in
j large numbers have quilled Piacenza, and pro
J e>-utrat*<Ui fatc* s’ on fi: uV . a;.k ol the Po.
r.ounces ’ thkf a ;y ,:.%■*input sitniiar to that which
4 Fauna. The Grand Duohe?s bus tuk-m Uer depar
ture, after iiaving betitufed a Council of Regency.
The new Government has expressed its adhesion
to Piedmont.
Turin, May 2 —The official Piedmontcc*’ Ga
zette publishes an account of the late events in Tus
oany, drawing the conclusion that they prove the
I nns.vLi.itol ice!;; g entertaiiicd by the population
ja a Ike * a.’ .a*:v.; r , ;:i i ch-; .' rcb.net*. The King
j have }•’:*% and ‘ -n .-clvco under tli: pr lection of tbe
iiu <uin Consulate.
? L ’i'lnr cl the V -'icurli Lovrvninent*
Tie Sloivtei.r j the following most im
portant circa',ar dcspaX !*. to all the Di
:ipm ic A ;euh3 o. th- Hnap -ror. dated £he 21 th of
Aptli|
•* Bik : —The nH)uvi.:iii %li ahich ha? been
mace, by ordur oi Hie linpe and Majesty, to tha .Sen
ate aud to the Legislative Body, renders it neediess
for me to revert u> incidents wmch have occupied
public opinion tor pome weak* past ;.\d have boen
t. • sut feet oi my last despatchae. The gravity of
tue prec.;t etat a of affaire has reached a culminating
point, nru Iho HentMU'went before U3 will, unhap
v. In- 1 *: wbi ft kostfil paraevr!ae c-ffcrrc
iis,c .. .’ sarored w ob'a'i*. la .ui'b a seriousco:*-
jv*rc~.,iiit Ut**ba afiie to u- I'n-nt fawita
t:i .tr !! verdict of liurcpe tbo 4'Xe t.f.n i H
kat Bower the rtspciHiUlily of fcveats rest*.
‘That the state of things iu Italy was abnormal
that Hie discontent and underhand agitation which
recalled therefrom constituted a danger tor every one
Which reason bid to be stopped by a prndent pre
eauticu, aa inevitab.e crisis was understood equal
ly by jr’.ustia and Rnscia, as well aa by
P'raace. The unanimity oi cppraheosions imme
diately created the conformity of sentiments and
measures. Cowley’s mission to Vienna, the
props;- -of aCi • grit s, emanatintr from St. Peters
bars, tiie support given by Prussia to these at
teuij ts at an ail'angsintr. 1 . theeagerness of France
to adhere to the c inbin .-us which followed each
other up to the test, moment t ail these acts, in a
v rd. emanated from the same inspiration—the
sincere bnt lively desire to consolidate peace by no
i uger ignoring a diiSculty which so eviientby
threatened to distwh it.
“in ti.fe p..atc of the affair ihe Emperor's Gov
en'trer.t Fas hfidijs thate ~f initiative and action;
hot tnis snare lam jiarti-'dlai ia sating it—has
Km ~* b -u mixed up with a eoliec'tive iabor
Fiance : imply offered her co-operation as a great
European Power to settle amicably ami honestly
with the other Powers a qne-tion w hich—l do not
den> it —aroused her sympathies; but in which she
aid not jet perceive"particnlar duties to fulfil or
urgent interests to defeiid. The day upon which
the V.emia Cabinet hsd promised, by a solemn
declaration, not to commence hostilities, it seemed
itself to Biilr’ l* the aititnae which acv RVgres
sive ai: atrainst pteaiUoni .. c”!d cause the Gove*n
ment cf the Emperor to assume.
“Such an assurance, by giving time r o toe me
diation of the Powers to exert itself, allowed the
hope cf the preximatp meeting of the Congfess. In
fac‘, England had jnst settled, with the assent of
France. Prussia and Russia, the list conditions for
th. meeting of that assemb y where the place which
ic.'ice und ree*reassigned to the Italian States
was granted to the®. Sardinia, on her part, ad
htred to a principle of asininttanet'. sand nrevions
disarmainent cf all the Powers which, io. some
time past, had iurretesd their military strength. To
these tokens of psace the \ ieucta tuddeu
jv opposes an act which,to characterize it as it de
serves, is equivalent to a declaration of war.
“Tims Austria destroys alcne. and with intent,
tire earnest labors of England, seconded ro honestly
by Russia red Prussia, facilitated with so much
moderation by v rance Not only does she exo’ade
Sardinia from the V ug. “.c. see . “ ui i S her. tin
der penalty < ‘coercion, to disarm without any c-oa-
ditions within three days.
■A large military force is disp sved at the same
time on ti.s bank* of the Ticino, and, to say the
truth, it i* iu the niidetof au advancing aimy iha
the Anstrian Commander-®-Chief arcane me icp-r
of ins Turin Cabinet.
“Yoa are aware, sir. of the impression produced
at Lotdua Beilin, and St. Pe:ersbnrg by lie un
timely and fatal resolution oi the Vienna Cabi
•ret. The astonishment and disapproval ot the
three x-overs Was displayed as a prote and witich pub
he opinion has echoed throngboat ali Europe.
“It Erg.and, Pru sia, ana Russia, by the stsp
they hastened to take, have been able to relieve
their moral rsenonaibility. and to satiety t>e exac
tions ->t their offended dignity, the Government of
the Emperor, actuated, however, by analagous
considerations bad tn mark iti attitude more dis
tinctly. and other ob.igations were imposed u;h>u
it. Nothing mtxiifies the suiidarity which wi- es
tablished at the i-onunencement between os and
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, MAY 25, 18. M).
tbe mediating Power?: the question reiraiDP at
| bottom the same, but we have too much confidence
| in the intentions of which those Powers have given
vs euch girJcisg proof? to fear for a moment that
they should misunderstand the sense of policy
which ancient traditiou? and imperious
’• France, since half a oerLury,“h never pre
auc i- ia not she who can be accus'd of
having attempted t) arou&e the remembrance of
aucieut struggle? and historical rivalries. All that
Tens. I am not awie that a different view is f>i
ken at fev- don. Berlin, or Bt. Petersburg fean at
in a position uuacimouiiy judged ai; prepoadera-
j “ Sard min alone has hitherto escaped an iu
| ;i important portion ol Europe the balance of
where (-be thb tac: very grave , but. whatever
j were cur private sentiment/, it might suffice for ua,
knowing ihe opinion of other Cabinets, to point out
would be to forget our mns*- ©epei'tH interests. I:
s not the conforma ion of the i:r * ucd winch, cn this
-ifa, cornu’.clids one of tiic- frontier.:* o: France ; the
passes of t e A’ps are net iu cur hands, ana h jb
j -ccs* imperial,:, tor cs th it th< key should be kept
I ■ • Turin, aud Turin only. French corsideratioca,
i ut which European considerations as long
j hh respect *f tbe right-: and of the legitimate inte“-
c-iie of the Powers v, and continue to ee:ve as a guide
fa their reciprocal 1 ; e. - fh*-v coisiderafions, I
say. do not allow tbe Emperor’s Gove*nraent to ho
eitate upon the line of p< 1-cy it ought to fallow when
j a S’ate so considerable as Austria u .-es threa ening
; language towards P edmont, a •’ ooeiffy prepares
!to nictate laws to it. Thv obi- K a; h . acquir, s addi
tional force from the refusal of Austria to discuss
before acting. V\ do ujt. wiib at-any price to fiud
cureelyee face to face with an accompli, hed (a jt,
and it is such fact which tbe Government of lie
Emperor is resolved to prevent It ia not, the e
fore, an offensive attitude, it. ia a measure of de
farce which * . are now adopting.
‘‘Ancient fismembrai c community of origi i. a
recent alliance of the Sovereign liuuset! unite aa to
not suffice to delete urf What distinctlv points out
our path is the. permanent and hereditary interest of
France, tie abiaiute imp* sd bi!ity for the Emperor's
Government to allow a blow to be struck v. inch
would establish at the foot of the Alp?, contrary to
the w iehew of a Irfamily nation and to the wish * f its
Sovereign, a o’ tnijgs wh’cli would eubjec the
whole of Italy to a foreign itffaence.
‘’His Imperial Majes'y, strictly faithful *:< the
vonbi which he pronounfieu when Lie Frei cb p ople
rec tl.cd him ?o the throne ot the chief of hi-* dy: •■.>* y,
:s not aiiLr.n'.ed by any personal ambiti.-n • ?lro
oM N.qac?;. It is not long since the Emperor pave
a | , in a European cr sis, that moieratioi was
ti c soul ot his policy. Tha* mod* r vl’u-u aLill pr< sides
over hi deaigus, and, while Shielding li e
wcich Proviue-uce has intrusted t- * him, Ilia M*jest.y
has no idcs;, you may most positively assert it, cf
3eperut‘.rg j : s views fr m these of his allies. Far
:f, lo < Goveicm. nt, leieiriag to the in: dams
which have marked -ho negotiations of the preced- !
iugwt.Ls, enttrUiine the firm hop a that the Gov
ernment of Her Britaonic Majesty will coutiiuie to
persevere ic an at'ilude which, by uniting by ti
low ihe Gabiaetaof Fari-t and of London to give
mutual explanations will .out reserve, and te com
bine, according loeventua-ities, an entente destined
to preserve the Ccn inant from the effeoi of a
elrut’ rle which may arise at one of its extremities.
‘•Ru-siu, v. e are perfectly ■ evinced ol it, will be
always ready to direct her effort h to the same end.
Ab re*;Prussia, the i partial, and, at the same
lime, concii.atiiig spirit of which ulie has given proof
fciuce the c .uumuceineut of tbe crisis is a sure
guarantee of her incliimiion to neglect nothing to
i-ircums iribe the explosion.
••We rely bjpethat (ho other Powers which
esivuito b. !ed abtrny by tl.e reraembr.':,,,, of a
.lifluren: Krauce i;i;n only bahold wiJisor
row the excitpmenfc which has seized upon ?ome
states of Germany. She does not undera'and how
that great country, ordinarily so calm and so pa ri
oticady imbued with the knowledge of its sti-ength,
shoulo fancy its £Afe‘y menaced by events the
theatre ot whh-.h must remain far from ita Territory.
‘•The Emperor’s Government is therefore prone
to believe that, the statesmen of Germany u id anon
admit that it depends a great deal upon them selves
to contribute to limit the extent aud the duration
of a war which France, it she h.-.s to Ink part in
it, has at least the consciousness cf not hav.i g pro
v ked.
‘T require you, Sir, to point cut the considera
tions developed in tbs t spat oh iu your next inter
view with SI. , ar.d to leave him a cop). The
clear language in which 1 nowexprers mys if by
the Emperor’s orders, and which implies •HU
Majesty’s wish to giv<; I” •he otl.e:- i .
possible guarantee to brirg them to a true appre
ciation ot the situation, and reassure theni, in ?•:>
much as they arc concerned as to the consequences,
that it i:’ difficult far mo to suppose that the Gov
eminent of will not receive these explanations
with a confidence equal to that which dictated them.
T am, &c., Walkwski.'’
Correspondence of Ike London Times.
Manifesto of flic Emperor of Ann trim
Vienna, April 21).
The subjoined manifesto, which was published in
the Weiner Zeitungot'this morning, is posted at
the corners of the principal streets of the city :
‘ Ijiperiap Manifesto— To my People.
“1 have ordered my faithful and gallant army to
put a stop to the inimical acts (anfeindnngcn)
v. :; <*!, i . u saries of year s have been comm: c* iby
State of Sardinia ag;.
putable rights of my Crown, and against the iute
griiy of tbe realm placed by God under m ■ care,
which nets have lately attained the very highest
I point [aufill rent hohenpunkte angelangl) By so
doing I have fu filled the painful ( schicerr ) but in
* avoidable duty of a Sovereign, oiy conecicricc be-
I ing street* 1 can look up to an omnipotent God,
; and patiently await His award. With confidence
1 I leave my decision to the impartial judgment of
; com eunporaueous and future generations. Os the
[approbation of my faithful subjects 1 am sure.
; More than ten years ago tbe same enemy—viola
[ ting international law and the usages of war, and
f without auy offence being given—entered the Lom
l bardo-Venetian territory with the intention ol ac
; quiripg peaces Aon pf it. ‘ligh the enemy wa3
twice totally defeated by my gallant arjny, and at
* the mercy of the Victor, I behaved generously, aud
I projiosed a reconciliation (reicktdie hand sur eer
■ sohnung). J did not appropriate to myself one
[ inch of t is territory, I encroached on no right which
\ belongs to the Grown ot Sardinia, as one of the
: mtmber.’ of the European tamily of r.ations. I in
l yisted on no guarantees against the recurrence of
j similar events. The hand < f peace which lin all
£ einceii y extended, aud which was taken, appeared
1 to me to lie c auffiefant guarantee. The blood.wbuffi.
I bay army she } for the h* nor and right of Austria I
f. ?• critied on ttie altar of peace [dem fnenden brackie
* Jch dusblul meiner armen znm opfer.) The re
s ward far such unexampled forbearance was an iin
1 mediate continuation of enmity, which increased
I irom year t > year, and perfidious agitation against
j the peace and welfare of my Lombarco Veretian
\ iviugdom. Well knowirg what a precious boon
? peace was far ray people and for Europe, I patient
1 ;y bore with these new hostiUties. My patience
j was not a exhaunted when the more extensive niea
j surea which I wj\3 forced to take, in consequence of
\ ihe revolutionary agitation on the frontiers of my
{ Italian provinces and witbin the same, were : ude
an excuse for a higher degree ofhostUity. Willing
ly accepting the well-meant mediation of friendly
Powers for tho n’.ii ntenp.uce of peace, I consented
to become a party to a Congress of the five great
powers. The four points proposed liythe Royal
Government of Great Britain as a basis for the
deiib'eVatifli .. C; the tCpngress wire forwarded to
my Cabinet, and 1 accepted th in, with thocop
ditious which Were calculated to bring about a true,
sincere, a; and durable peace. In the conseim. no- s
that uo step on the part of ruy Government coald,
even in the most remote degree, lead to a cietur
banee of the peace, 1 demanded that the power
which was the cause of fhft complication and had
brought abou'. the danger of wer should, as a pre
ciliary measure, ( isarm Being pres ed thereto
Ey f,te.J,y power?, I at length accepted the propo
sal fora general disarmament. The mediation
failed iu consequence of the t'caiceptanie e ;■ of
the conditions on whlcii Sardinia made her ci.ns- nt
dependent. Only one means of maintaining peace
remained. I addressed myself directly to the Sar
dinian Government, and summoned ittop r.ee its
arn.y on a peace tooting and to disband tho free
corps. As Sardinia did not accede to my demand,
the moinunt for deciding the matter by an appeal
to arms has arrived.
“ l have ordered my army to enter bn.d'cia.
-■ I e-in aware of the vast importance of lire moa
sure, and if ever my duties us a Monarch weighed
Leavl yon me it is at this moment. War is the scourge
of mankind. I see with eorrow that the uv-;:? and
property of thousands of my subjects are imp -riled,
and deeply t\ el wbat a severe trial war is for my
reo-’m, whi ;h, being occupied wish, its interna! de
velopment, greatly requires the continuance of
j ace. But the heart ot the Mon reh musl b - si
lent at'.he command of lr c r and duty. On tiie
to.tiers is an armed <..■ :r:y, wh ■. in alliance with
ins .evohd nary party, cper.ly anuout ces cs in
tention fountain g ..... ii:’ cf ihe dependencies of
Austria in Italy. To support him, the ruler pver
France —who under futile pretexts ( mchltge yor ■
trande) interferes in the legally established relations
ot the Italian Peninsula—baa set his troops in move
ment. Detachments of them have already crossed
the Irontic-rs of Sardinia. The Crown which I re
ceived without spot or blemish from my forefathers
has already 3een Dying times. The glorious history
of cur country giver evidence s hat Providence,
when there is a foreshadowing that the greatest
good of humanity is in danger of being overthrown
in Europe, has irequentiy used the -. word cf Austria
iu order to dispel that shadow. We are again ou
the eve of such a period. The overthrow of the
things that he is not only aimed at by facli ns bit
by Thrones.” The sword which I have been forced
to draw is sanctified, inasmuch as it is a defence for
the honor and rights of all peoples and States, and
for all that is held most dear to humanity.
-■ To you, my people, whose devotion to the he
reditaiy reigning family may serve as a model for
a:i the nations of the earth. I now address inyge’f.
In the conflict which has commenced you will stand
by me with your oft-proved fidelity and devotion.
To year sods, whom 1 have taken into the ranks of
the armv. I their commandsr, send my martial greet
ing (ica’i/eil fruit.) With pride you may regard
them, tor the eagle of Austria will, with their sup
port. soar high.
“ Our struggle is a just one, and we begin it
with courage and confidence. We hope, however,
that we shall not stand alone in it. The soil ou
which we have to do battle was made fruitfu by
in b! od lest by our German brethren when they
wor. those buiwarkc v-iicli they have maintained
up to the pre s er.t day. There the crafty enemies
of Germany have generally begun their game when
they have wished to break her internal power.
The feeling that such a danger is now imminent,
prevails in aii parts of Germany, from the hut to
the throne, from one frontier to the other. I speak
as a e-. vertign member of the Germanic Conlede
laticu Then I call attention to the common Gan
ger and retail io “mexory the glorious tiir.es in
which Europe had to thank the genera; ad fervent
enthusiasm lor its liberation.
“For God sad Father.and J
• Given at my residence and metropolis of Vi
enna, on this 28th day of Apr:!. 1859.
- Fkascis Jcsiph. “
-The original cannot be rendered literally, but is
sense is- th* l the present revolutionary movement is
cause i by monarch* as weil as private individuals.
idardtman Proclamation*,
The following proc-!ma* : on has been addressed
by Victor Emmanuel to Lis troops:
Soldiers ‘—Austria, who is increasing her ar
mies on our irontiar, and threaten* to itvade our
territory because here liberty reigns with order—
because, not might, bnt concord and affection be
tween the people and the sovereign here govern
the State —because the groan; of oppressed Italy
here find aa echo—Austria dare to ask us. who are
only armed in self-defence, to lay down our arms
and submit to her o'.emeccy.
“That iiuuiring demand “received the reply it de
served. I rejected it with contempt Soldiers, I
teix it to you, convinced that yoa wifi take an irreult
to you: King and to your nation, as an insuit to
yourselves. The announcement I make to yoa is
the aanoODceiaent of war I Soldiers, to arms
“You will have to face an enemy not new to you.
Bnt if brave and disciplined you need cot fear the
| comparison, and you may quote with pride the
j battle?•ofGuito. Paatrecga, Santa Lucia, Soinma
I Compagna and eveo Custozza. whtre four brigades
\ alone straggled for three days against five corps
| “I wilt lead you We have made ea?h other’s
[ssiou, in the heat of battle, when, lighting by the.
side cf my magu .famous lather, I had opportunity
to admire your courage.
| ‘‘l am acre that on the field of honor and of glory
I you will main tain, even add to, your reputation for
i bravery. You will have for companions tuose in
i trepid soldiers of France, conquerors in o many
j noted ba - lee. your brethren in arms on
to our assistance in numerous J
‘ March, then, confident in #i Tory, and (w : D9
new laurels round your flog, that tricolor under the
before you fa the independence of Italy—that jii !
“Turin, April 27. “Victor Emmanuel ”
In addition to the procla nation addressed to the
army, the King of Sardinia has issued a nroclama
tion countersigned by Count Cavour f to Italy. The
“ Austria, vno boasts of her ; >ve for pence, at
tacks us by rt.using fa cubmit to a Eure p*an Con
gress She viol .tes the promises mads to England;
she tska R 8 to reduce our army, and to ebandou
those brave volunteers who have thronged from
every part of T fay to defend the aacrea Hi- of
ernment to my vroh-loved coueia and draw u*y
“ Shirr by ‘-it \Vh our t : • r.- will fid it- far lib
erty and jusifae u? valiant troops or the Empe
ror N.p-.:=c-.on, •> irfii erou • ally. Pe ple -f ltaty !
AusGia attacks Fiedaioct because sue maintained
fae cau?e of our couunvn c uu ; ry iu the councils of
Ear-, pc, :=•! l> tei-*. fa..- i!.. en-:bi *Jo your
groans vt agony. Austria ui.w publicly tear.- to
pieces treaties whiah she nt v* r respected. Hence
fortl. . free, and I may
conscientiously fulfil the oath I took upon my father’s
grave.
“ Let
arce of the uobl- French i a’ol. L?‘ us trust n
publh* opinion I have do -tlier ambition than ;o
be the tirsi tofa'far of Italian independence. La.g
UvoD.aly.”
Affairs in Great Britain.—A royal procla
mation was i sued on Saturday. A nil UO, offering a
bounty of £•() to able seamen, u i ling to outer her
. -y’- -: vi v. h ii.;- i., *U L'U : ..mg
10,cU0 add-..: >nal, eamen. The English naval dock
yards and a’sena’.s are m a state of excite
ment ; preparations for war m e being made on an
scale Adu iraky ii.etructions >•( re, on Saturday,
A;ii! 3*>, n etved at Wt o!w :<R: dockyards,
in,r the acring master shinwrigui hasten with ah
p- sdbte- despatoh the ccu’pfa!:on •*!’ the various new
<-ias irigattß in p.rogreas ot construction.—
Two hunireu additional hands were taken on fartb
vdh A Mdegram was received on Friday, April
29, at Slieen-ers, to send the tteyai George to De
von port r.nd tne Colossus t r Portsmouth. The
•Edgar, Qlu n and Trafalgar are to be got ready
imined-a e’y. The Osborne h eaci yacht, is order
ed to te {-;■: r.-ady I,Timm > ;at-* forvics (reported
,
• ■ ita aa*tio;< s, says: “Satur
dav, Anrii3o, was the deci.-ivr any of Ihe present
general election. There remain *, it is true, nil the
ouatiea and Irish borough.-, but t ‘ill the ray was
decisive. The returns, as far .\s we are a-’ quaint*d
with them, give tbe Tories a gain of 23, and the
Liber; 1? a gain of 13, leaving a balance iu iavor of
the Tor is? of 10.”
From the London Titus, May 3.
Extent anil Features of the Scat of Wnr.
In the < bscurity which clouds all intelligence from
tlit: seat of war wo can hardly do better than fur
nish our readers with some* preliminary knowledge
of the extent and features ot the scene —a proceed- |
ir.g which will be all the it ore a ceplable aa ii nd
mitfl of being made both s.raple and precise.—
Whether the war can, iudeed, ‘no confined to three
territories is a very different question, but aa long
as it is limited by the bounduries now assigned to it
tiiere caa be no reason wiy the exact import of
ev ‘.* i - t i gram . hould not bt ii imediately compre
hended.
The Kingdom of Sard in far composed of jpfad
moqJ—in? p - iucical n aas—iu the centre, the ancient
province ot Savoy in the northwest, aid the mari
time territory of Genoa iu the ■'•utii east, is not above
100 miles in breadth from its Western to its Eastern
ft out i>r. On the farmer of there frontiers it is con
terminous along its entire length with France, its
ally; but on th •* latter it is only partly contermin
ous with Austria, its. enemy. In \ha North a por
tion cf the Swiss territory, and in the South the
Duchy of Pariua supply the border line, leaving
only a central portion—-perhaps about half of Ihe
entire length, >o be formed by the territories of
Austrian Lombardy. The line, in question, t*s every
body in row aware, is oonslitutod by the river Tici
no and by the L&.go.lUag-;i -re, through xeliiei? that
nver flows, as the limine *i *e- ihrough the Lake of
Geneva. On the Frenc h aid- I lie border is formed
by (he Ales, so that, the .- eat of w.-r may be regard
ed in a general aspect as a broad piece ot territory
between a chain of mountains ;;;d a river. The
French had lo cross the mountains, the Austrians
the stream, an t ihe distance between them, as we
have said, was about lOOniilen.
‘ihe faa‘u> us Piedmont itself, however, de
serve particular attention, as they are regulating
the present distribution td’ tlie contending armies.
Piedmont ia travel Bed in ita breadth by the wind
fags of the river Po, and the d.vfafan of the country
thus effected corresponds very nearly witfathe divi
sion of the Eastern frontier between Lombardy
and Parma ; so that to the south of the stream
piedmont borders ou Parma, and to its north ofay
on the hostile territory of Lombardy. These two
division* of the Sardinian kingdom differ totally iu
their natural characters. To ihe north of the r-.ver
—the district immediately exposed to the Austrians
—all is a level plain up to th< foot of the Swiss Alps,
whereas on the soul horn side all is mountainous,
and the whoie space ia filled with the shoots or
spurs oi the Ligurian Appemnesoloping away irom
Genoa. In this division of ‘he kingdom lie the
strong places of the Sardinians—Ait-.-sindri? , Ca
sale and Tortona, and on i:a western edg ! stands
Turin itseii, the capital of the State. Within or
around these tortresses the Sardinians have collect
ed the bulk of their army, perhaps some 7b,(H10 !
men, leaving the plains of the north comparatively i
open to the i cursions of the enemy.
Before the actual commencement of hoatiliri is,
the Austrian*! at Vli'an stood just about aa fas irom
the river as u-a at Briancon t] and from the
iLuttntaiuf*, ‘and a line draw p from one of iheae
points to the ( -cr would pass through the commuu
mark of be. —the Boyal City ot Tur .
Turn, however, in.about as tar ag*iin from Buffalo
ra, where the Austrain3 eroreed the river, as ;t ie
Irom Susa, where the French halt oa crossing the
Alps, the autttthca being abcu. 7() mile.’ in the for
mer case, i gainst 33 ia the lai ter. But t.hia ini qua
li y v.as more than compel r-.uted by (be rel.f .ve
oi the tauro tds, far, whereas the Aus
tiino have a plain country tulr averse, the French
e~i e:,j reae; S.ua / pas fang ihe Al-.s. in ■-*_
i‘y, Uie advantage ti’grtuud so i: r vv s on theeiJeof
| the Austrian., but the:r Operatitjis have been in
i duced by I’urTier considerations, arising from the
! position of the Sardinian army be fare cescribed.
The French ;. they descend u on Susa and push
j forward to Turin, are directly confronting the Aus
: ti'mnß on their maich tpwarclg the same point trem
I Miliii, ami if ti.i; was all, end there or- no Sards
! nians except in ihc capital, th.-. -.hock of battle ivuld
| t e anti: ipnted with great, facility. Sooner or later,
- in fact, very soon indeed, the belligerents wu-uld
; meet, and an engagement cn a large scale would
ensue. It will be observed, however, from what
j we have said, that the Austrainy in their advance
! acre: s Piedrnc/iii from East to West, would have
I on their left flank the whole concentrated strength
of th • Sardinian army, resting on itii finest lo trees*
I ca What the chain ol the Tyrol, indeed, is r * Aus
tria iu the plain l ’of Lombardy, th cha r. * i the
L’gurian Apenniree j3 to S t dinia far the pfaffns o’
Piedmont, and the can be earned stiff
further, far exactly as Germany lies in reserve be
hind the Tyrol so does a second French lorce
gather in errongtu behind the A cunines. On the
bs a fiord of tbe.e mountains Gonoa, which, os
i*'ranee connzi?u:ds the .:ea, can be reached fioni Tou
lon v : ; - teciiit: . The Sardinians,
there:ore, while they cluster in force abouf their
port, cf a powerful French army within 50 miles’
j The Austrians arc thus opposed by two bodioß of
the enemy—one directiy fac.Dg them atTiiiic, and
drawing daily reinforce-.‘rer-t-. from tl.c pusses ot the
Alps ; urd another at Cs - c and Alessandria,
flanking their march, and in -icing succors fro® a
distinct base of operations i.s Genoa. By cr ssiiig
their frontier at its Nor! hers extremity, as they have
done, they might occupy the Northern districts of
tfcei
Fo, they might get the fiardiniin aiLpyinft at p!
them, but they would tl.gu Lave the army of the
Ap- np-. a tl fir right. They most, iH 4 sborr, ad
vance in My or.ee againat two 1-uescf fees posted
at right angles to each other ; and, lor simplicity's
sake, ve may consider these lines to be venre ■ nv-.i
by the river Dora Bultes, rimi n g fj-bm Ni-nb to
S -nth by Ivrea, at (i the Pu, ru: ‘ -f.-oit Vv to
1 tby Casale —Turin being pretty nearly at the
angle.
All the place; named, be it under?! .od. 1 e within
a comparatively small coo” -- ’. r rout Arena, the
point occupied ’by the Austrians iu the North, to
Genoa, on the seaboard of toe ~oulb, ttio distance
is about tin mi.es, or very nearly tho same a? from
Susa to ButValora From Genoa to Altdsandria it
is only -Ifi miles, and trom Ales.-ar-dria to Turin less
than fit). From Susa to Turin, again, th? distance
ia but S3 miles; so that in their twb principal posi
tions nt Turin aud Ales-uandria Ihe Sardinians are,
in the one case, within 40, and in the other within
50 miles of their powerful aides. The Austrians,
too. Would be equally near the;* resources. Novara
is about 5 miiea, Mcrtara about 10 miles, and Ver
ceili but smne 20 miles, from the Lombard frontier,
and thess are the points at which the first collision
may be anticipated. The great teatnre, however,
of the campaign, as far as it can be comprehended
at present, is lb e double base cf operations trom
which the Sardinians and their Allies are proceed
ing, and, i! the Austrians find themselves in strength
sufficient for each a plan, it is not improbable that
they also may divide their forces, so that the troops
now said to be at Montana may advance towards
the South, and those at Novara towards the West.
It wiil u' f have escaped notice that the Auetriaus
Are Said to be particularly strong at Honiara, while
the Imperial Guard, the select corps of the French
armv, is a: G -uoa. Tin ee dispositions would seem
to indicate that the hardest struggle ie expected on
the line to Genoarather than on the line to Turin,
but th s is a point on which we can hardly remain
long iu the dark. In tire interval we can only be
too sure that war, in so : arrow a field, and between
armies so powerful and so fiercely animaied, will
losencne of those horrors from which civilization
revolts .a deep air.
A Splesdiu Dokatioh.—At a meeting of the
Massachusetts Historical Society Laid this morning,
it was ai-ncur.ced that Amc? A. Lawrence, E;q.,
had presented the socif ty with the collection of pa
per; and documents lelt by the late Gen. Wil iam
Heath cf Revolutionary fame. The collection con
slats of six thousand letters aud documents relating to
the Revolutionary war, four hundred of which are
written or signed by Washington. They are splen
didly bound in forty-five volumes, with complete
indexes. Theantograpt to th--edocument* would
sell for thousands cf dollars, as the sigre-’ inr of ail
the prominent men of the time are affixed to the
letters. Gen. Heath was appointed a major-gene
ral of the American army August 9:h, 1776, aud re
stained in the public service during the war. Io
1798 he published a volume containing anecdotes,
details of skiimisbes, battles, etc , during the Revo
lution. Ub private papers are of great vame on
account of their completeness, and the Historical
Society is to fie cc-ngrataiated upon their aeqaiai
tion —Solin’ 1 Transcripi, Uag I2;ii.
Fire if Marietta, Ohio.—A tire occurred in
Marietta, Ohio, on Thursday last, w**ich destroyed
twenty building* in the business portion of the city.
The principal sufferers are Nye <V Huntington, loss
IHHI insured fti.OOO ; Bcsworth. Welis dr Cos.,
$ 1 2,0u0 —insured *8,000; S. R. Turner, (B,o—in
sured f'J 000.
Toe Etna Company of Hartford has $ .5,000, the
Hartford Company ; and the City Company
of Hartford SI,BOO meurauce on the burnt proper
ty. A large portion of the goods in the buildings
was saved in e damaged condition. Several fire
men and others were injured by faking buildings.
The steamship Africa, took out for Europe on
her last trip $1,640,000 m specie,
The Wreck ol the I’mnnrn—Lots cf Four
Hundred Lives.
We had a le’egraphio despatch by the Adelaide of
the loss of the American ship Pomona, and that it
was feared a largo number of lives had shared the
same fate. That report is cod firmed, and we give
below, from tbe ‘‘Wexford Constitution, of April
:>•) is,”” the part far. lars fa t! is sad disaster:
The Bh-ndid clipper shin P mona 1,0(M) tons bur
den, of New York, left L'verpoo on Wednesday
with a crew oi thirty-six sailors, iu addition to the
captain, Charles Menibew, and with passengers for
New York te the number of about 380. She left
tfie Mersey with a fairand full breeze, and every
thing seemed to be going or. well up to a late hour
iienfitue hopes of the irviog
fafiylit wer- blighted, the ship struck, and nothing
but death and desolation lay before (hem. Many of
iv.e pvsv -njiers aud a fnjrtion o the crew had re
tired to th -ir respective berths at an early hour, but
h large number more cheerfully inclined, hadcougre-.
gated together in the saloons, and were singing and’
dancing up to a late hour, there being both a tidier
and pipe: on board. As the night advanced, how
ever. the breeze freshened into a strong gale, before
whicii the gaiiant ship tie.w as it were towards her
destination, and most of the remaining passengers
By some means, which at pro set it we have been
unable to ascertain with accuracy, the captain,
when nearing Tuskar, seon.? to have lofct his reck
oning aud mistakeu his position, for a little past
midnight tfa rifip was driven on a sandbank some
sev .‘ii mile.* off Ballyconigar, near to Black water,
the sea making a clear breach over her and sweep
ing rha i c-ks. T - passengers rushed in crowds to
:. -• di k-. ,i • b hut partially dressed, and
many w.teoniy their night clothes on. Fora short
time a wild scene it terror and confation ensued,
iiich, U. ov.ver. gradually subsided as the calm or
d-rrsefthe captain were obeyed by ihe crew, aud
some;'.bug like - vder was reestablished. The
pun , ‘ 5 v. er.- quic-Ixlv manred, -and it was found
Unfa, the ve-': o; wi.s last leaking water, but the cap
fain ■ . ii. i.opea that if :!•;; weather moderated he
shield 1- able ;o in rue morning to land ali his pas
se..g..r-: > mvaus of bis boats. In this, however,
be vi'im :(i-med to be uiseppoiuted. r.s the gale con
ic ued v it!-, increased fury during tne whole of the
day.
In tli-! cour.-o of ‘lie mori iog h attempt was
made U> laui.otl the life-baa's, but they were stove
b ‘ li.i ir cri. vv< were drowned. Ia this fearliU
Stale of susperse they remaired autil to wards even*
ii,, , vv. ui :i. t!lp, whieh had till then remained
hi i on t.. bank, flipped <fl by theelern into deep
water aud .eoimueaoed rapidly to lilt. Tho whale
bi at v ;.s ii u launched, aud a number of the crew
and .lasaenKvra lu.-itied into her. The captain, in
hope of being again driven on to the bank, let go
the beet bower anchor, but nil bis exertions were
fruitless, and thongh more than forty men were
working at. the pumps, the water gained upon them
eo a! tin i:i a limit an h nr she sunk. The
hranrenor.iing .■ ihaln.’ist .r.vc occurred
during tha; lour are learlui lo thie'k of, but are
k: own only to Hod for. beyond there iu he boat,
net ab. ul v; as saved. The captain, litsi aud sec
o. c mates remained on the eit.king ship, the only
olii er in the boat being the third mate, Stephen
Kelly, who succeeded in rear bi g the Dhole in com
pany wi-h eighteen Others of the crew and three
p:..- av, livlt being washed out in their passage
irom the ve s.l.
Go i iititiug tne ei ore iu the neighborhood of the
wreck at ala er hur yesterday, nothing whatever
v...m to be re-ii of the vessel, very little of which
was w t r; -. a,bore
O ‘, the beach at lia lyeonigar, however, were
found the lifeless remains of several of the unfor
tunate passengers, which were removed to the
boat-house near there to avrait an inquest,.
One ot the first bodies rescued from tho waves
was that of a lady, appureti'ly abr.UL'lO years of age,
who, in life, must have been a handsome woman,
and e vidently moving in a respectable sphere of
life. Here, however, we bins’: to record it, we must
nuti ie an act of barb.itism so gross that it is hardly
ct edible that any petson in ir is age of civilization
could be found g uiity ofit. The body < f this lady
when found by tiie coast guard was stripped of all
its clothes, with the exception of tbe body iinen,
aud'i: was arcei*taiued that this diabolical act had
been committed by one of the same sex, a woman
redding in the village <1 lliaekwater, who had thus
d-. ec lated the deed body aud made off with the
clothes. On the arrival of the constabulary, how
ever, til., brute in hn .111 -nape was made to give
up her plundi r, an ):i ■ ■ impe l that she will
meet t. ib tie jf.sl ‘ •>, r.l sul h inhuman conduct
deservi . T. <• d.v ■. f I.la ut>fortunate lady cot>
alsted ol a black e;lh j.-u 11, ui It email white spots,
a biuclr bhM!i eknt, :wo li: it mu. I skirts, linen
cora-d. white omt n hi -. flippers. Two
l uge aud hattdsonie go’ i sir s wore aiso found
with the body, to vrhic'i u;..t attu tied an iudia
rubber life. belt.
Near to the .pvt where ,‘liit body was discovered
there w ... a!i or wards fouod t ii.- liotiy of a young
man. apparently about, twenty tiv years of age,
black hatred, dressed in black (a it.h a lifebelt at
tached,) and act’ voing to Hie elate uout, of the third
mate, and scute of the sailors, the son of tho lady
above nwidioixtU, who is reported to have been the
widow of an American captain, and to have had
with for adaughfrr about tivleen or £.f:V. liteen
years old.
I he next body come to was that of a gentleman
of middle age, dressed in black, on whose person
was found a silver watch, a pocket-book contain
ing letters and private memoranda, and some few
pounds iu gold aud silver, but nothing leading to
identification. Near Lo this body was also found
that of a male Infant, of about six months old, and
that of young woman of about twenty, partially
clothed, v. iih a biaok -tuff and a liaunel skirt,
black stockings, fvo. With Lite exception of a fine
liaen Bint, and a barrel (with “M. Shannon'’
painted thereon) containing potatoes and other pro
visions, evidently the property ol a steerage pas
senger, nothing . 1 ■ was discovered near the spot —
the ;. arest point 1 . the scene of this awful catas
tiophe, and we resumed on? search along the coast
towaidi Wexford.
Qll arriving at Bailonea-kar, 3otne two miles from
Blackwater, we were informed that the body of a
young lady had been found there, and removed to
e. cottage near at baud. On proceeding there wo
beheld tits remains of a very beaut iiul young girl,
the calm expression of wins, pallid countenance
indicated the peaceful sleep of inpoeence rather
than an un ituiiie.'.y and violent death. The dress
of t bis poor ucforXuuete was of an expensive de
scripUoa,aiid from the similarity of fcaturea to those
oftne elderly lady aud hereon, mentioned above,
there can be iittle doubt but the was the daughter
spoken cf by the sailors as being with that lady on
board the i’ onona before her loss. An India rub
ber liteb ilt, iuadcq trite to save the life, but suffi
eieat to save the biidy from its watery shroud, was
ah o lour-.u at npuc .l- tinleir.aiua—a fact which
still in re Bireagther.3 the supposition that these
three persons wlre of the tame family—united in
death as they had been undivided iu life.
litre, and t Curia, ic -, lo wlilcu we next lurued
our step e, were a few remnants of the ill-fated ship,
a :i. -■ oi tue bulwarks,portions ofsomeepars, and
eeverat broken c arks and cheats. Here, while
gazing with sorrowful melancholy ou the rolling
waters w! i-.h re iced their white heads like surpliced
onbristerS chauntlng a requiem for the dead, our at*
l-.Lii ii was drawn to adatk olject be din the
grasp of ‘he wav: ~ at one moment htsbe.'i forward
as though it would be laid at our feet, and in the
next drawn b jok” as if the deep ocean was ioth to
give up k“ tic. u After watching for sene time
th outfit. o of ton human form wt.s clearly made out,
j and we knew that before us was tfie body of an
j of her ol the unfortunates who had been called so
; hastily !’i ti.eir account As if unwilling to render
[ up :.o prey, tho waves played vti'.h this remnant of
1 humanity, throwing it forward and anon sucking it
beporgir ths leoadtog surge, but it gradually ap*
piorched ILa t-horo where we stood watching its
i tv-, at and was soon near at hand, when—must we
1 to lit of Wtxford men, a dozen ol whom, strong
I and stalwart, stood around us I —not one was there
1 v,i: would tep ijrward to rescue it, unless, as they
I raid, you’ll pay u.n”
Aii.str. -*i c:.<l indignant at each behavior, agen
!l-mau pa.:. ut dashing forward, anil wading for
some distance villi the he'p of a constable who
o to the spot, he auceeeoed m bringing to shore
the 0.i.1y of ..h. .iy gray haired woman, whose
tv •: leatut tj told too surety ci the bitter struggles
,f di nth through which she had passed. The only
art e sos wearing apparel on this poor creature
were a chemise and a night cap, leading to the im
pret-.ou that she must have met her death white
tying i'’ le r berth, or at the moment when she rush
•jupon oi ts frenzied terror. This was the last
body found up to a Sate boor last evening.
From Cunacioetc i tie Raven Point the shore was
si:iv;i with pieces of tho wreck, including doors
•”<* pc.'t 1= from tiro salom;- and cabins, beautifully
ome .carved chairs and
cov.ema, patent fife seats, beds ana bedding, the
c: : :i ‘skylight and other fittings, with the remains
of two shattered life boats, first attempted to be
launched.
Lynch Law in Illinois—Brutal Cruelty.—
A few days ago a tnan end his wife, named Bell,
were arrested and eiamined before a Justice in
Slei :•( cj', Id., in a charge of stealing SIBO.
jfothiag cci.clu.-ive was proved agaiLst them, but
taey were still held, in custody for some reason, and
as they manifested no desire to escape, they were
n. rely hey: in the dwelling l ouse ot Justice Dit
tey. the c. icego Journal says :
O: W- ay . /i.l, May 4. when no one was
and i aming of e n lh", a lumber if men in disguise
1; lie into the he>Ure at which they were slaying,
fastening the Justice it Ids room to pre
vent his interference, they proceeded to take poe
■ i nos the prisoners—the nun fought like a ti
;,-r. but war soon overpowered, and both were car
ried iff into the woods. They were told that if
they would not confess the theft and give up the
money they would bs immediately hung. As
licit!.ir one would acknowledge anything, they at
once proceeded to accomplish their fiendish purpo
ees. The man was first hung up and kept there
until he was entirely unconscious, and ti.eu, with a
refinement of cruelty which could only ho looked
for in the moat hardened brutes, he was taken down
and curled in a shallow bole, which was dug for the
purpoee, to make his wife believe that he was dead,
id hope cf frightening her into a confession, lint
the woman was plucky, and would give them no
satisfaction.
She was accordingly hung up by the same rope
u ed on her husband, and was let hang till life was
nearly extinct. In the meantime, the man was ta
ken from his grave, and the lynchers finding that
nothing was to be got out of them, after some ditii
cully resuscitated them, and left them to get home
as best they could. This diabolical proceeding has
awakened the deepest indignation in the commu
nity, and sbou.J the sufferers be able, as they say
they are, to identify a- y of their persecutors, no
pains will be spared to bring them to justice. No
arrest s had been made up to yesterday, but prepa
rations were being made for tire apprehension of
three or four of those caucerned.
Increase of Roman Catholicism—The com
mittee of the National Club has iseued an acaresa
to the electors of the United Kingdom with the
y: wof ir finer ci - g them in the selections cf candi
dates at the ensuing ehetior. The committee ap
pear to be greatly alarmed at the advances made
m this country by the Church cf Lome during the
last thirty years They give the following statistics :
The Church of Rome has now 926 churches and
<;hr., els in England and Scotland, whereas in 1792
she had only Mhe hes now II colleges of her
own in England and Scotland. Her number of
priests now in England and Scotland is 1.217, be
ing an recreate cf 665 since the year 1811. Her
number cf convents for wemen is now 110; her
number ot religious houeea fer men is 94—being an
increase together of 127 since the year 1841. Her
number of schools in Eng, l nd is now 372, and the
amount o’ money granted to these by the State for
maiatainance within the last year was £24 UUI is.
lOd. The number of paid teachers in these schools
is 80(1 W ithin the last year alone there wns the
large ;; crease cf 32new schools aided by the State.
Tr.e Church of Rome has lately succeeded in ob
tain ng the appcintmeLt of paid cbap.ins in the
army, with the rank of officers. There are thus
now i9 comma loced Romish chaplain:’ in the
State, four of whom have been gazetted for the ar
my in England two in the navy at Sheemeas and
Ports- a. Over all this the Church of Rome has
now in England a hierarchy of 18 bishops, with as
sumed territorial titles, headed by a cardinal arch
bishop.
The following anecdote is given by the Opinione
of Turin “A banquet of officers was held at Milan
a few days ago, at which, among the numerous
| toasts drank in allusion to the impending war, a
j yonng officer proposed the following.—’To the
i Austrian army! The French and Piedmontese ar
• rnie.- wilt brake against it like this brittle glass.’—
| So saying, he threw the bottle he had jn3t emptied
j into the air, so as to make it fall back again upon
Ithe table, which, in fact, it did, but—without break
ing. The Opinione states that all the officers pre
sent stood aghast at this untoward omen.”
The Frnnro-Kuasiu and Kranco-Deiiiuiirk
d’t-ealies Oftleially Denied.
Iu a speech made on tbe 3d of May by Mr.
DTsraelt to the constituency of Buckinghamshire
he gave the following explicit denial to the rumor
that France bad made secret treaties w ith Kuseia
and Denmark:
It is said that, it was unfortunate that before
Lord Cowley, atrived at Paris, Russia should have
interfered with the proposition of a Congress. It is
.aid that, this prevented peace, and that it was the
result of a deep design on the part of Russia. Well,
geutlemen, experience teaches me—and I have had
a good deal of experience—that men, however ex
rated their places, are not always so profound or so
adroit as the world imagines them. I do not think
that the conduct of Russia was the t: trip ring of any
deep policy or was prompted by any spirit of finesse.
(Cheers )
The fact is, I believe the Emperor of the French
was deirous of peace, provided he cculd obtain
peace with honor, provided he could have it with a
diplomatic triumph, and could have done some
thing fur the Italians, which would have been in
one way a check upon Austria, aud iu another
would have added lustre to Lis own authority. And
as he had no confidence that the mission of Lord
Cowley—or rather visit I should call it, since it had
no official character —would be successful, he
seized upon the propositioa which Russia uaae for
a formal meeting of the great Powers, knowing
that, if a Congress were agreed to, it would be an
assemblage ot grea, importance and weight, which
would prove his influence in Europe aud whieh
would lead to the results which he desired. I cau
account for Russia making that proposition, be
cause it is never agreeable to a Power of the great
est rank to see the affairs of the world settled as
they would have been by England, France and
Austria. It was, of course, pleasiug to the pride of
Russia, and I have no doubt her proposal may be
accounted for iu that way.
It would lraye been impossible for me to make
these observations a few days ago, because the
country was informed on authority which, though
anonymous, was of that bouncing character that no
cue chared say “No” to it—that a secret treaty had
been termed betweeu France aud Russia—that
their fleets were to ,e united for the destruction of
our maritime supremacy and for the partition of
Europe. Os course, than the observations which I
have made would not have been listened to even
upon these hustings, where I have always been re
ceived with so much indulgence. I can give yon
no information as to the quarter from which or by
what means these enormous statements were made.
They have, 1 believe, ruined many virtuous fami
lies iu this country; they have shaken credit in
every nation; but this I cau assure you, that there
ia not the slightest tittle of foundation for those
statements. (Loud cheers.) There is no treaty ex
isting between France and Russia, there is no
secret treaty between Frauoe aud Russia, theie is
no secret convention existing betweeu France and
Russia. (Loud cheers)
There is betweeu Frauoe and Russia what may
be called an engagement, which they were uot
bound in any way to communicate to this country,
but which was communicated to this country vol
untarily some time ago by the French Minister f r
Foreign Affairs. (Cheers ) It amounted simply to
tliis—that, in case of a war between France and
Austria, Russia should assemble an army of r.bser-
ton on her German frontier. Russia has as much
right to assemble an army Os observation ou her
German frontier as England has to send, aa she is
about to send, a commanding fleet to the Mediter
ranean. (Loud cheers ) Both may be, probably
are, means to maintain peace rather thau war.—
(Cheers.)
But 1 have further to acquaint you that we have
felt it our duty uot only to request and to receive
those communications from the governments of
France aud Russia, but we have gone even be
yond this, and have asked the Russian government
what, perhaps, according to the strictness of diplo
matic etiquette, we were not justified in asking, but
which we asked in the confidet.ee of a power that
always acts with frankness and straighttorwaruness
toward her allies—we have asked the Russian go
vernment whether in case of a war between Frauoe
and Germany they have entered into any engage
ment to declare war against Germany ; and we
have received from the Russiau goverm cut the
most explicit and moat unequivocal declaration that
no engagement of the kind exists or ever has been
asked, ho much then for the secret treaties, so
much for the secret engagements between France
aud Russia, directed only to one object—the hu
miliation, and perhaps the destruction of England.
You see, gentlemen, how necessary it is that a
country should not decide in heat and passion.—
Why, the very same day it was also announced, on
great authority, taat there was a secret treaty be
tween Denmark and France, with the same purpose.
Every one sees what the object of that was —that
the whole Scandinavian navy should probably be
united to that of Russia and France, in order to
destroy the supremacy of England.
Weil, we have made inquiries of the Court of Den
mark. Denmard is our natural ally and friend, and
I am bound to say a Power which has on all occa
sions of late exhibited the utmost friendliness and
confidence toward England. And I have the very
best authority lor thus publicly stating that there is
not the shadow of a foundation for that statement—
(cheers), and that if—which God forbid !—we ever
have to call on our allies aud friends to rally round
our standard and support the cause of freedom, truth
and justice, I look with the utmost reliance to the
spirit o’ Scandinavia being enlisted on our side.
(cheers.)
Mr. Disraeli also hinted, as follows at the possible
friendship and aid of tho United .States, should Eng
land ever need their aid :
Gentlemen, *> e hear a great deal of the balance of
power, of the importance of sustaining certain bar
riers iu Europe, and many other axioms, all of
which to a certain degree are true, and which may
for a certain time continue to prevail. But let me
take this opportunity of impressing upon you that
the day is coming, if it has not already come, when
the question of the balance ol power cannot be cou
fiued to Europe alone. Since tiie time when that
doctrine obtained great communities have arisen in
another hemisphere, who will not permit the bal
ance of power to be limited to Europe. You have
on the other side of the Atlantic vigorous and pow
erful communities, who will no longer submit to
your circumscribed theory of authority.
The Australian colonies, though now in their
youth, but jn the youth of giants, have already, as
it wero, thrown their colossal ehadow over Europe.
And it is for old Europe I lament that she is ex
hausting her energies and her resources in these
wars. I could wish that she would rather prepare
for that awful competition which in coming times
she must encoun.er. 1 would ra'her see France,
aDd Germany, and Russia develope their resources,
improve their agriculture, increase their population,
and cultivate the arts of life, social and scientific,
instead of wasting their strength, risking their sta
bility, and sinking when the era to which I have
referred arrives, by their own exhausted position.
Remember always that England, triough she is
bound to Europe by tradition, by affection, by
great similarity ot habits, and all those ties which
time alone can create and consecrate, is not a mere
power of the Old World.
Her geographical position, her laws, her language
and religion, oonneet her as much with the New
Work! as with the Old. And although see has ocou
pred not only au eminent, lam bold to say tbe
most eminent position among Europeau nations for
ages, still, if ever Europe, hy her shortsightedness
falls into an interior and exausted state, lor Eng
land there will remain an illustrious future. (Cheers )
We are bound to the communities of the New
Word, and those great states which our own plant
ing and colonizing energies have created, by ties
and by interests which will sustain our power and
enable us to play as great a part in the times yet
to come as we do in these days, and as we have
done in the past. (Cheers.) And therefore, now
that Europe is on the eve of war, 1 say it is for
Europe, not for England, that my heart sinks.
Count Cavour.—We take the following brief
account of the Ufa or this eminent statesman from
the Philadelphia Bulletin r
Camillo di Cavour is about fifty years of age,
having been born in July, 1809, one authority says
in Nice and another in Turin. His father was a
merchant, who did a large business and made a for
tune at Nice, and was euuobted by King Carlo Al
berto. But the family was an old and haughty one,
and the ennobled merchant was the object of sus
picion and dislike among the popular party up to
1848. The early life of Camillo di Cavour was that
of a man of the world, of society and cf pleasure.
Hut in the pursuit of pleasure he travelled much in
England and France, und etcftlied opera
tions of free institutions and a constitutional govern
ment, and insensibly became a polical economist,
which, when it does not become extravagant, is
the beet basis for a statesman. There was publish
ed in Geneva a Review of a liberal character, to
which Cavour contributed a number of articles
which attracted attention. In 1847, be commenced
at Turin the publication of a daily journal called
the Risorgimento, (the Uprising,) devoted to the
popular cause. Bjt bis father was so unpopular
that the paper was received with suspicion and
was denounced in the Libera! clubs as false and in
sidious. But he persevered and gradually over
came prejudice, till his paper was everywhere re
cognized as a faithful and true Liberal organ.
The trying days of 1848 further developed his
character, and he won the regai J and confidence of
the people. He entered the Chamber of Deputies
in 184 y, taking his place among the moderate oppo
sition, which was as far removed from the radical
isms of the Mazziuians as it was from the bigotry
of the reactionists. Asa debater, and as the advo
cate of healthy, constitutional measures in behalf of
the people, Count. Cavour rapidly rose in public
estimation. In 1850, when Santa Rosa died, he was
made Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, in
1852 he was eleva'ed to his present office of Presi
dent of the Counc.l am! Minister of Foreign Affairs.
In 1856 he represented Sardinia, in conjunction with
the Marquis of Viliamaiiua, in the Peace Conference
of Paris, where the lofty stand he took, and the
ability and dignity he showed in his argumenis,
rai.-.ed his country in the scale of nations, while it
won him hosts ol admirers and friends ad over
Italy. Ilis liberalism has always been of a practi
cal character, and this was conspicuously shown in
1857, when he undertook and accomplished the
tuppression of convents and monasteries, and the
secularization of their estates. He and his asso
ciates offended the church grievously, by this mea
sure, and they were excommunicated by the Pope.
But the people stood by the Ministry, and Cavour
r. raained secure in office and in popular regard.—
The general results of his policy and career are
moat favorable. The country ha3 prospered, and
the people of all parties, not excepting the aristo
cracy, are devotedly loyal to the King and the
Constitution.
Loa:s to the Fighting Powers— Europe on
the Brink of Bankruptcy. —From the news from
Kurop iit appears that Louis Napoleon asks for a
loan of 500,000,006 francs, ($i00,000,000),to carry on
the campaign in Ita.y, in which he is to take the
command in person. The loan lately put in the
market by Russia, $00,005,000. Besides these
there are in the market a loan for Austria of $30,-
diiO.JOO, which hitherto she has been unable to sell,
but has seized instead the metallic currency of the
Ausriau banks ; a loan for Sardinia of $35,000,000,
which she has yucceeded in obtaining ; a loan for
Prussia of $15,090,0f)0, acd a loan for England in
behalf of India for $30,000,000.
r J he total amount of new loans in the market is
$290,000,000, besides over $10,000,000,000, already
cue by these governments. The effect of the coin
ing war will make them bankrupt. The annual in
terest on the debt of England alone is $120,000,000.
The annual expense of her army and navy is $157,-
500,000. Her whole annna! expense is $34u,000,-
000. Russia owes $989,000,000, and the anuual ex
pense of army and navy is $73.500,000. France is
in a similar predicament. They wilt not be able to
pay the ir.teri ?t, and a ertuh will take place that
will shake ail Europe.—Ah Y. Herald.
The Amearican Tract Society.—The anniver
sary meeting of the American Tract Society took
p'aceinNew York Wednesday. Everythingofitr
ed proposing to agitate the subject of slavery was
laid upon the table, after much excitement and
discue’non, and the regular ticket for officers was
chosen by a vote of 331 to 23, The annual report
shows that the past year’s contributions hav<j been
SIO,OOO in advance ot last year, the total sum being
$383,273 97. The expenditures w ere $380,094. The
society's colportere have the past year visited 688,-
982 families, and found 36 229 destitute of the Bible.
There are 525 colporters and 128 students in the
employ ot the society ; and there were circulated
during the year 059,772 volumes, 10,673,954 publi
cations, or 230,552,380 pages , total s.nce the forma
tion of the society, 15,046,829 volumes, 215,534,995
publications, or 5,357,410 334 pages.
A movement is being made in Connecticut in
reference to the erection of a monument on the site
Os the old Charter Oak
VOL. LXXIII.—NEW SERIES VOL. XXIII. NO. 21.
The Coudiiion of the Combnmnta in Europe.
The Albany Argns compiles the following state
ment of the relative foroe and position of the ori
ginal combatants in the prospective Europeau war:
_ France has a population (census of 185 C) of 36,-
0311,361; Paris a population ot 1 ,l?B,ti6'J ; Lyons,
292,271; Marseilles, 1130,000. No other city has a
population over 130,000. The budget for 1850
allowed resources of $337,000,(MR), expenditures
$335,500,000, and a consolidated debt of $1,436,000,-
000, besides a floating debt in the course of reduc
tion.
The army consisted of—
Staff 6,490 1 Artillery.... 34.202
Military Scbools 1,993 Engineers 7,696
invalids 3.799 | Baggage, 4tc 4.666
Gens a’Armes 33.057 t Administration 6,969
Infautry 247,641 Military Justice.. ....5,055
Cavalry 56,007 |
Total 409,062
The navy consists of 232 sail vessels, 8,106 guns,
and 209 steam vessels of 4,414 guns, 56,616 sailors
and marines.
Austria embraces alt those diverse nationalities
which a.e clustered around, and subordinate to the
Grand Duchy of Austria proper—includiug au area
of 257,453 square miles. Its capital, Vienna, has a
population of 579,457. The empire ia composed of
the tollowiug piovinces, with the population accord
ing to the cen us of 1854;
Austria..... 2,469,655 from hardy 3,006.505
Salebu'gh 151,379 Venice ....2,193.968
Styrii 1,095,078 Hungary 8, 44,461
Uarlutbia 346 150 Servia 1,574,428
Camilla 505 ( :r6 Croatia 967,136
I,tria m. Trieste.. 613,056 Transylvania... .2,265 572
Tyrol 1,925,066 Military Fro’trs. .1,054,794
ltoh mia 4 601,818
Xloravia 1,972,165 Tot'l (not includ’g
Biiesta 479, 21 Imperii army .39,411,309
Galicia..... 5,056,647 Army 736,6t4
ukowina 430,614
Dalmatia ~.. 432,337 j Total 40 149,933
The aggregate is made up of—
Nationalities. Creeds.
Germans 8,000,000 Catholics 28 000,000
Sc ares 15,000,060 Greeks 7,000,1X0
Roumans 8,000 000 Protestants 4 000 00.)
Magyars 4,000 000 Jews, Ac 1,000,000
Italians, Jsc 5 000 1 00
40,600,000 40,000,000
The army Is composed of from 700,000 to 800,000
men when on a war footing, of 400,000 on a peace
footing. The navy consists ot one ship ot the line
(a screw steamer of 800 horse power and 91 guns,)
th-ee steam frigates, tour sail do., aud smaller ves
sels, in all 135, carrying 852 guns and 8,707 men.
The state debt cf Austria was estimated in 1856
at 1,250,000,000 dollars. The Budget of 1857 shows
receipts, ordinary and extraordinary, of about $150,-
000,000, and expenses $170,000,000 —a deficit of
twenty millions.
Sakuinia—Piedmont lies between Switzerland
and the Mediterranean, has an era of 19,237 square
mites, and takes its name ftom its pussition at the
fool of the Alps aud AppeDines. The Island of
Sardinia has au erea of 9,235 square miles, and
g.ves its name to the Kingdom. The populatiou
iu 1857 was :
The Island of Sardinia 577.282
Continental Sardiuia 4,590,260
Total 5,117,542
The budget of eBSB showed a revenue of about
27J million dollars and an expenditure of 28) mil
lions of dollars. The debt being January 1,1858,
123-1 millions.
The army, according to the war budget of 1858,
consisted of 47,915, rank and file, and the navy
numbered 29 ships (Osteam frigates, 4 sail frigates,)
&c., carrying 436 cannon.
The Lombarbo-Venetian Kingdom includes that
part of Italy lying north of the Papal States, Parma
and Modena, and stretching east from Lake Mag
f;iore and the Ticino to the Adriatic—2ls miles
ong, 130 broad—embracing 17,547 square miles
Lombardy, of which Milan is the capital—andiu
wiiich are the cities of Brescia, Como, Mantua and
Pavia—has a population of 2,725,750. The Vene
tian provinces, in about the same area, have 2,281,-
732—a total of 5,007 472—0 r 285 to a square mile-
Venice, Verona and Padua are well known cities in
this division. These provinces from one of the
richest agricultural regions in Europe—producing
corn, maize, rice, hemp and flax, besides wine, aud
great products of the dairy, butter, cheese, and
much silk.
The chief educational institutions are the Uni
versity of Padua, with forty six professors ; that of
Pavia, with fiity-eight professois ; twelve colleges,
(lyceo,) forty-three academies, (gymasia,) besides
ninety-two schools, of which there are in Lombar
dy 5,192, attended by 9,217,253 pupils, being two
tliirds of tbe population of proper age, and in Ve
nice 2,2lßschools, and 89,557, one-third of those of
proper age.
Perhaps the best view of the relative position of
tiie great nationalities of Europe can be obtained
by a g-auce at the following table :
rrfa 1 *• fa-*- shi^y
Austria... 40,149,633 1 *1,250,61)0,060 738,621 i3sof 852
France... 36,039,364 1,436,000,000 419,062 46t, 0f4,41-l
U. Britain 27 675.724 3,774,465 000 175,9 9 4200f 15,026
Prussia.. 16,34fi,625| 151,600,OX: 127.742 58 of 188
Russia... 34,092,0001 483.000,000 700,000 207 of 9,000
Spain ... 14,216.219| 769,000,000 132,933 179 of 1,2 6
Italian Status.
frucca.. .. 182,000 179,000 490
Modena.. 586,458 14,656
Parma..- 512,841 1,239,000 6,113
S. Marino. 7,606 800
Sardinia.- 5,117,542 128,500,000 47,915 2orf 436
Sta’sofOh 2,898,115 82.000,000 21,009
Tuscany. 1,778,021 6,900,000 14,759 10 of 15
Sicilies... 8,704,472 77,280,000 45,000 15 of 484
Coring a Suicide. — A New York correspon
dent, under date of the 9th inst., says :
“ Latt night a passenger on the boat leaving Sta
ten Island hurried from cabin to cabin, declaring
that be would drown himself. The ladies on board
were much alarmed, and there was a general dis
turbance. The captain, finding it impracticable to
restrain him, finally resolved to humor his saucy. A
rope was accordingly attached to his person, after
which he plunged overboard. His mind now un
derwent a sudden transformation; he paddled lusti
ly about iu mortal terror to avoid sinking; and
finally, besought to be permitted to come ou board.
After being allowed ample time to 000 l down, the
signal was giveD, and the suicide was hauled on
boatd, willing to live. He sneaked quietly into a
corner, and was glad to disembark at New York.”
New York Italians.—The war news from Eu
rope causes the greatest excitement among the
European exiles in New-York, especially the Ital
ians, who believe (rather credulously, perhaps,)
that the day of regeneration is at last about to
dawn upon their unhappy country. Since the first
heralding oi the approaching conflict, in January
last, numbers of Italians, the Journal of Commerce
says, have been preparing to give up their business
aud leave for their old homes. Many of them have
already gone, and many more will undoubtedly go
to take a hand iu settling the ancient grudge which
their nation owes to Austria.
The Mission of Woman.—ls a man is in grief,
who cheers him; in trouble, who consoles him;
in wrath, who soothes him , in joy, who makes him
doubly happy ; in prosperity, who rejoices ; in dis
grace, who backH him against the world, and
dresses with gentle unguents and warm poultices
tbe rankling wounds made by the stings and arrows
of outrageous fortune ? Who but woman, if you
please 1 You who are ill and sore from tbe buffets
of fate, have you one or two of the sweet physi
cians ? Return thanks to God that lie has left you
so much of consolation. What gentleman is not
more or less a Prometheus ? Who has not his
rock, (ai, ai,) bis chain, (ea, ea.) and his liver in a
deuce ol a condition 1 But sea nymphs come —the
gentle, the sympathizing ; they kiss our writhing
feet; they moisten our parched lips with their tears;
they do their blessed best to console us Titans; they
don’t turn their backs upon us after our overthrow.
The Winans’ Steamer. —This steamer made a
trial trip from Baltimore, Tuesday, averaging a
speed of 14 miles an hour. She did not roll in
waves, in which other vessels did. It is now con
templated by her inventor, to take off the bows
and put in others so that she will be sharper, and
also to cut her in two and increase the length from
the centre. It is also intended to change the flanges
on the wheel, and continue the experiments with
her machinery until the object first intended is ac
complished.
Flights of Pigeons. —The air every morning is
darkened with immense flocks of Pigeons, winging
their way southward. The markets are crowded
with them and they are selling to-day at thirty-seven
and a half to fifty cents a dozen.— Chicago Journal
oth.
Drowned. —George Denmead, son of Thomas
Denmead, master machinist of the Steubenville and
Indiana Railroad, was drowned at Steubenville,
Ohio, on the 7thinst.
“Sister.” —There is something eoothing in the
name of sister, when its utterance calls up the warm
affections of the heart. The thoughts that circle
round it are quiet, beantilul, and pure. Passion
has no place with its associations. The bride is the
star, the talisman of the heart, the diamond above
all price, bright and blazing in the noonday sun; a
sister, the gem ot milder lignt, the talisman of home,
and set in a coronet of pearls.
A Mormon Exodus.— Yesterday the dock at the
Michigan Central depot was covered with some
three hundred men and women hound from Eng
land to Salt Lake Valley. They were of the Mor
mon persuasion, and were on their way to join the
faithful who do battle for the Lord under the su
pervision of Prophet Brigham. Nearly two-lbirds
of them were women of all ages.— Detroit Free
Frege, 6th.
A Fund for Sardinian Soldier’s Families.—
The recent calling into active service in Sardinia
of the “contingent” has taken many thousands of
that class of soldiers from their homes and iamilies
A call for a national subscription lor the benefit of
the latter has been generously responded to by the
spirited people of Sardinia; and the Sardinian di
plomat in representatives and consuls abroad have
been authorized by Count Cavour to call on their
fellow countrymen in foreign lands to take part in
this patriotic purpose. A subscription fist has
been opened by the Sardinian consul in New Or
leans.
The Widow’s Mite.—A poor woman in the
we..tern part of the State, some time ago, gave Rev.
Asa Buiiard half a pint of chesnuts for the Massa
chusetts School Society. Bullard sold them at aue
tion at a festival in Winchester for $5. They were
returned to him, and he has continued to sell them
over till they have realised $37 50, and a part etil!
for sale.
PitETTr Good —J. R. Stevens, in reply to a call
made upon him by “Many Voters ’ of Rockirigham,
avows nis willingness to serve them if elected, if
the Democracy of the county cannot procure a
suitable man, but says : I wish it distinctly under
stood, however, that I must be elec ed by sponta
neous combustion, as I caDnot condescend to elec
tioneer. If any of the sovereigns wish to shake my
hand they can do so by cabin ■ at Conrad’s store ;
and their children will be kissed when presented to
me with clean faces.— Virginia Sentinel.
Death from Grf.en Tea. —lt is stated that a
daughter of Mathias Richie., of the town of Green
wood, Steuben county, N. Y., aged about twelve
years, died from the effects of drinking common
green tea, a few days since. She drank it very
strong, and eat the leaves afterwards —causing
violent spasms for twenty four hours when she ex
pired.
Letters from Quito report the number of deaths
by the earthquake at ten. They were at first esti
mated at 3,000.
British Railways— The London Times says
that there are 9,000 miles of railway in Great
Britain, which has cost £315,000,0r $1,575,000,000.
The average interest which they pay is about 3 j
percent.
Our Trade with China. —The last market re
port from Horg-Koug shows that out of a tonnage
of 25 639 low loading at that port, 16,850 tons are
American, and of the destination of tbe cargoes
88 per cent, are for American porta. Bull treats,
and Jonathan trades.
Wholesale Desertions —Sir Charles Napier
says that thirteen thousand sailors have deserted
the British naval service within three years, and
that, too, with more than $130,000 due them. So
long as the brutal practice of flogging seamen is
continued, it will be a difficult matter, even were
there no other drawbacks, to make any servioe
popular.
It is said that Sir E. Boiwer Lytton will make
about £15,000 oat of his last novel, “What Will
He Do With It.”
From the Albany (N. 1.) Argus.
The Tien lie. of Viennn.
The allied sovereigns met in the latter part of
September, 1814, at Vienna, to carryout the stipu
latione of the treaty of Paris, and partition lhe
spoils of the French empire. Alexander, Emperor
of the Russias, the King of Prussia, and the Empe
ror of Austria, were present in person. England
was represented by Castlereagh and Wellington.
These were the four great allied powers that form
ed the Congress, bat France, Spain, Portugal, Swe
den, and the Papal States were afterwords admitted
in the persons of their representatives. The minor
States of Europe, Denmark, Switzerland, the Ital
ian kingdoms, <fco, were in attendance on the con
vention. but had no voice in it.
Territories inhabited by thirty-one million six
hundred and ninety-one thousand persons, were to
be distributed by this Congress among the enemies
of Napoleon: but the magnitude of the prize awa
kened such rivalry among the conquerors that war
was on theeve or breakiug out anew. England,
France and Austria combined to resist the demand
of Russia for the cession of Poland. Prussia united
with that power, and demanded all Saxony as its
conquest. The demonstrations of hostility be
tween the allies were not confined to words or feel
ings. Alexander halted his army in Poland, and
his brother Constantine called upon that people to
rally to his standard and assert their nationality.
Prussia armed her whole contingent. Austria put
her armies in Galicia on a war footing. British
troops were sent to Belgium, and over a million
of soldiery stood ready to support the claims of
the rival sovereigns ; and the danger of mutual and
destructive war amoug the allies was imminent.,
when on the 7th of M arch the news was brought to
Mt tternich, at a great ball, of the escape of Napo
leon from Elba.
The tidiuge hushed all. animosities in the senti
ment of common alarm.” The assembled sove
reignties forthwith drew up the declaration, that—
“ The powers which signed the treaty of Paris,
re-assembled in Congress at Vienna; informed of
the escape of Napoleon Bonaparte, &c., owe it to
their own dignity and to the interest of nations, to
make a solemn announcement of their sent imeuts
on the occasion. In breakiug the Convention
which established him on the island of Elba, Buo
naparte has destroyed the sole legal title to which
his political existence is attached. By re-appear
ing in France, with projects of trouble and over
throw, he has not less deprived himself ot the pro
tection of the laws, and made it evident, in the tace
ot the universe, that there can be no longer either
peace or truce with him. The powers, therefore,
declare that Buonaparte has placed himself out of
the pale of civil aim social relations, and that, as a
general enemy and disturber of the world, he is
abandoned te public justice.”
This declaration ot outlawry, which offered Na
poleou up to private assassination, or to public ex
ecution, if captured, was followed by the prompt
settlement ot disputes, and the unfinished treaties
w ere uonoluded.
This settlement of Europe and establishment of
the balance cf power were upon this basis :
1. Belgium and Holland were united as the king
dom ot tne Netherlands.
2. Norway was annexed to Sweden.
3. Hanover, increased by the accession cf a con
siderable portion of Westphalia and part of Saxo
ny, was given to Eng'aud.
4. Lombardy was conceded to Austria.
5. Savoy and the Genoese Republic, to the dis
like of the latter, were given to Piedmont, the ob
ject being to interpose a carrier against France.
6. The Graud Duohy of Warsaw was given to
Russia, as a separate Kingdom, witn the express
stipulation that it should not be incorporated with
it, but be maintained as a separate sovereignty.
7. A territory containing over a million of in
habitants was taken from Saxony and given to
Prussia, to which power was also awarded a part of
Poland.
8. The German Confederation was reconstruct
ed under the government of a Diet, in which
Austria and Prussia were to have each two votes,
and Bavaria, Wurtemburg and Hanover, eai li one,
the minor powers being mediatised into mere uul
litiea.
9. England took from Holland the Capo of Good
Hope, Demarara, Essequibo and Berbice.
Subsequently, the four great powers agreed to
unite their forces against Napoleon, and not lay
flown their arms till they had effected his complete
destruction : and in this the leaser powers joined,
presenting in all an anny of nine hundred and
eighty-six thousand men. When the army triumph
antly re-entered Paris, the four powers again enter
ed into a mutual stipulation “to exclude Napoleon
aud his family, in perpetuity, from the throne of
France.”
The “Holy Alliance,” into which Russia, Austria
and Prussia entered, at the same time, to which
England declined to be a party, but to whioh the
minor sovereigns of the continent gladly gave their
adhesion, was a treaty not of nations, but of kings
and emperors, to maintain each other upon their
thrones, against their subjects, as well as all others.
The vanity of human devices has perhaps been
never illustrated so forcibly as in the fate of this
great treaty for the pacification of Europe aud the
balance of its powers. The parties to it have torn
it to pieces, aud cast it from them, as if it had been
the poisoned shirt of Nessus. The fieets of Eng
land and France have dictated the severance of
Belgium aud Holland. Hanover is separated from
the English crown. Rnessia has taken mure of Po
land that it demanded in 1813. The dynasty of Na
poleon is restored, in the person of his nephew.—
Piedmont, instead of being a barrior to Europo, is
its ally, the catspaw of its present ambition.’
The attempts of the revolutionists in Spain and
Italy soon broke the peace ot Europe , and France,
becoming aggressive, marched its forces to Madrid
to sustain the throne of Ferdinand, while the Aus
trian airnies penetrated to Italy. The Congress
again assembled at Verona in 1822, at which Aus
tria agreed to withdraw from the occupation of
Piedmont; but neither in this Congress, nor in that
of Laybscii, was the general outline of the settle
ment in 1815 dieturbed.
Tue charges which the French government and
the Liberals of Europe make against Austria are,
that she has made treaties with Naples, bidding its
king never to grant a constitutional government for
its people: and similar treaties with Parma and
Modena, and other lesser powers, giving it the right
to garrison fortresses within their territory. This,
however, is but a piactical extension ot the doe
trines of the Holy Aliianoe ; and the occupation of
Rome and France shows that the complaint is
that of a revival aiming at the same kind of domi
nation.
The treaties of Vienna, looked upon as the result
of the first great Congress of European powers,
may be regardedas the institution of u confederacy,
lor the purpose ot peace, aud the creation of a Tri
bunal of Arbitration; and, as such, an advance in
the progress of civilization. But as a means of ef
fecting a balance of power, its theory was falla
cious—baffled by the unequal internal developments
of nations.
Louis Napoleon’s Plan of Finance.— The ad
vices by the Vigo show the plan that Louis Na
poleon has determined to adopt in his financial
policy, and it forms a strong contrast to that ot
Austria, which we recently exposed. He neither
seizes the specie reserve of the bauk, nor issues
irredeemable paper, like Fracois Joseph, nor does
be follow the practioeejf England, and call the great
bankers to bis side to aid him in raising money.
But he has determined to open a national subscrip
tion to a loan of one hundred millions of dollars.—
This is the same plan which he successfully pur
sued in 1855 for the loans raised to prosecute the
Crimean war. At that time the bankers were
greatly angered at losing their customary commie
Simla and profits, and loudly prophesied that Re -
new stock had been taken by thousands of people,
who could not carry it, and who would soon have
to throw it upon the market, thus causing a decline
and ruining the credit of tfie government. But
nothing of the kind occuned ; and now we find the
French Emperor adopting the same plan upon a
much larger scale.
Such a step demonstrates his confidence in tho
pecuniary resources ot France, aud the policy will
have no small political effect on the prospects of
the Napoleonic dynasty. There ie no staunchtr
supporter of the tfirone or more deponent enemy ol
revolution than the holder of government stocke.—
The very debt of the nation are converted into
bulwarks of order, as is the ca-e in England. In
creating a large public debt, held in small sums
among the minor capitalists. Louis Napoleon will
erect a strong defenoe of his throne, so long as he
dpes not go beyond the ability of France to pay the
interest without oppressive taxation. The high
war fever that now has possession of the French
people will no doubt lead them to take the loan
witn the same avidity that, they did that for the war
in the Crimea.— N. Y. Herald.
The British Postoffice.— According to the
fifth anuual report of the Postmaster General of
Britain and Ireland, showing the operations of tho
British Postoflice for the year 1858, the number of
letters delivered in the United Kingdom during
the year was 525,000,000; of which 428,000,011*
were delivered in England, 51,0u0,000 in Scotland,
and 44,000,000 in Ireland ; showing an increase ot
19,1100,000 over the previous year, (1857,) aud, as
compared with the year previous to the introduc
tion of penny postage (1839,) of 447,000,000; ms
king a seven told increase of letters in nineteen
years. Os the whole number of letters, nearly one
quarter were delivered m tbe city of London and
11s suburbs, and counting also those dispa'ched,
nearly one-half passed through the London office.
The number of registered letters during the year
was nearly 1,300,000, or one to about 400 ordinary
letters ; and the number of newspaper* delivered
in the kingdom was about 71,000,000. The number
of dead letters returned to the writers, was abou’
1,700,060 —equal to about 1 in 1300 of the whole
number ; and the number of undelivered newspa
pers, 570 000.
The net revenue of the British Postoflice for
1858, deducting cost of management and all ex
penses, was about $6,439,000. Tbe whole numlie
of officers engaged in the postal service— including
postmasters, clerks, gnards, letter-carriers, meseen
gers, &o —is stated at 24,372.
The whole number ot posti ffir-es m the Uni eo
Kingdom is 11,235 ; of which 806 are bead post
offices, and 10,420 sub postoffices.
“ Alf.s6andria.’’— This place, the remWoas c f
the Sardinian army, whither the king has gone
to take command, is probably destined to play an
important part .n the coming war. It is a fortified
city near the Eastern lrontier of Piedmont, who. •
guns bristle towards the Austrian territory. 1’
stands in the midst of a stenie plain. It is the
great stronghold ut Piedmont, and is to the SarOi;
ians what Gibraltar is to the jkiglieh, or Sebastopol
was to the Russians. During tws reigL of the Freni! ’
in Italy, its formidable foi tifications made it one ‘ :
the places in Europe, but these were subsequently
demolished, leaving only the citadel. Within th-.
past few years workmen have been busy in recon
struct'ng them, in anticipation of the events cox
on hand. In the surrounding plain, two miles dis
tant, is Napoleon’s celebrated battle field of Mai in
go. Alessandria is garrisoned witn several tfaou
sand troops, and, being connected with Turin ami
Genoa by railway, any number can ieadily be eon
cent -a’ ed there. To capture it would be a crown
ing glory to the Austrian Generals and to lose it, n.
deep humiliation to Sardinia. — Albany Journal,
May 12 th.
The Germanic Confederation, formed Juno
3, 1815, ss it now exists, embraces 34 monarchies t
states and four free cities, as • qual i-evereigns. 1
consists of—l. Austria; 2. Prussia; 3. Bavaria
4. Saxony; 5 Hanover; 6. Wurtemburg; 7. Ba
den; 8. Hesse-Cuasel; 9. Hesse Darmstadt; It'.
Denmark (tor Holstein and Luenburg;) 11. Tin
Netherlands (for the grand duchy ot Luemhurg y
12. Mecklenburg Schwerin; 13. Nassau; 14. Bax<
Weimar 15. Saxe-Coborg-Gotha 1 16. Saxe Mein
ingen ; 17. Saxe Altenbnrg ; 18. Brunswick ; 19 .
decklenburg-Sfreiuz ; 20. lloletein-Oldenburg .
21. Anhalt-Desßau ; 22 Anhalt-Berriburg; 23. An
halt-Cothen ; 24. Schwartzburg Sondershausen ,
25. Schwartzburg Budoistadi; 26. Hohenzollern
Hechisgeu; 27. Lichtenstein ; 28. Hohenzollern
Sigmaringen; 29. Waldeck; 30. Riuss, elder
branch; 31. R übs, younger branch-. 32 Schauin
burg Lippe; 33. Lpie Detmold; 34. Hesse Hom
burg ; 35,36, 37, 38. The four tree cities, Lubeck ,
Franklort (on the Main,) Bremen, Hamburg The
house of Siie Gotha became extinct in 1852, ami
its vote in the Dier now belongs to the three linsa
of the house of Gotha.
An Unhealthy Business —At the commence
ment of the canvass in Virginia, the two candidates
tor Governor were stumping together, but Mr. Let
cher, the Democratic nominee, before the State was
half gone over, took ill and was forced to give up.
Mr. Montague, the Democratic candidate fur Lieu
tenant Governor, took hia plaoe, and during a few
discussione held his own very well; but he, too, fell
Bick last week, and Mr. Goggin is sow left to pur
sue the canvass alone. At last accounts he was fix
Aceomac.