Newspaper Page Text
UV W. S. JONES.
TgKMS. I
TuE WEEKLY
CHROAJCLE &- SEiNTINEL
IS PUBLISHED EYERY WEDNESDAY,
XfIBEE DOLLAKS per Annum;
TWO DOLLARS WHEN PAID IN
A DYANCSt
or wl*Ma THREE MONTHS after the
XO CktiaS or INDIVIDUALS sending ti®T
. SIX copies', f r ;0 paper wW be cent for one
•>IX COPIE3 FOB TEW DOIeLABS*
ora free oopy to a:l w'r,’> may procure u* Fit* *nb
r>er will n go Instance be sent et tLi* r&’ e unlew the
. (L , p , r ..id briefly in advance. Norwill
pa/U of s Club be Tie t•holt itx mutt
THE CHROWI 3ENTINBE
Are also pubUehed at this office, and mailed to tub
DAILY PAPER, if sent by mail, Have* Dollars
per annua in advance, and Eight Dollars if
rRI-WKKKLY PAPER, Four Dollars in ad*
v;.r <-, aod Five Dollars if payment be delayed
iuutA Yar ttetkir AdvcriUemf nte
Ordinary advert!-<moot*, pubilabed once a
• •A, in Dai'y, Trl-Weekly or Weekly, Senen and
bPicuL Notices, Ten Cent* per Hue, for the firs
Insertion, ftbd Eight Cfr.lt per line for each rebse
Displayed Auv*KTi?rMf.KT, m Cent* per
Marriages, Deatui, r.nd Funeral Notices
Fifty Cent* each. Obituaries, Ten Cent* pe
MONKOE
female mum.
1 OS 9.
DOIL ‘<l*
F 4u. . , g Inslitut on ha : io><l tb iucreaa
ought to command the highest respect. Thin Irutitaticn
FIVE (iENEKAL DEPARTMENTSI
I. A COLLEGE DWPARTMK.NT, which
A four ye irt’ course of tady, including all the brnmbe*
ofaet**oce nece* ry ;.i make Yomif Ladle* thorough
II AN AOM>KMIU DEPARTMENT, in which pu
pile are property prepared for College, and a good baaU
111. A Ml SIC DEPARTMENT, with tried teacbeni,
competent to give instruction on the P.ano Forte. Oui
lar. Harp, Harmonium, Violin, Pint®, Ac Advanced
puplU are taught to c -mpone Music, if desired. Prof.
IV AN DUNAM ;.NTALDEPARTMENT, la which
pupil* are tau hi Painting U < Hi amt Water Ooloi-h, Gre
cian Painting O ieitnl I r.'.utmg Penciling Monochro*
. tatie ! rawing, Waa Pru tand Flower*, Crape Work,
Embroidery, Paper F ower , Rosin Fruit, Ac.
V. A DOMERfIU I)i!PAHTMEi TANARUS, in which pupils
are taught the elementary and Practical Principles oi Do
mestic Attain. ‘i wo boor* n every Tuesday, Thurs
day and >*tnrd*y wi;: i. devoted to this Department.
The time thus employed will not in the least interfere
with the Llturary Dcparttneu*..
Thu i t theosu ‘ Oo lege in Georgia giving attention to
Tba Boad of Imtruc on are thorough scholars and
experlecr it*-a* !ih >, of whom graduat and with
A BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION
this is, where the daughters of Mini t* * of the Gospel of
moderate tm-aort.are educated WITHOUT CHARGE
PORTUITiON; moreover, worthy indigent orphans
aud daughters of • •• -dy Mtmstem will be boarded from
Pupils are lore tauglt Economy. Extravagance is
not allowed. Jew is not w rn. A pupil’s erasing
HtM ItD OK TUI’STEEN.
n**v. ADI EL 811 Kt'. WOOD, I). 1> , Griffin, Pres’t.
Rev. VV M C. WILKES, Forsyth
Hon. OINCINNAT f S PEEPLES, Forsyth.
H*-n JOHN T. CROWDER. Momna county.
DANIEL bAN FORD, E- p, Forsyth, Secretary.
Col. JOHN T. STEcnENS, Forsyth.
FA Cl’l-TY.
Rev. WM 0. WILKES, A M , President.
Ur.GEO r WILBURN, A M.
Mrs MARY A. WILKES.
Mrs. KATE ASRURY
Mis JULIA A HPA NFORD.
Miss UOX IE A OUAPI’ELL
Miss CAKKiR R. L VNl‘.
Tuit ’u from *l6 to p -ry.-ar , Music, SSO; Board
$ 10 nor month, cxclu.lve of lights and washing
The Spring IVi:j wid begin on the 17th JANUARY.
For further information, addvnaa anv member of the
Faculty, or Trustee*.
WILLIAM O. WILKFS, Prcs’t.
RICUARDT. ANBURY, flecy.
r r-v!! ,Li Jh Ii t. 1859. Ins
iwiM-rs dye house*
No Jll UKUENK STREET. AUGUSTA, GA.
established in 1852
Oem ell you kind propie of the old State,
An.l ii ten a mutoeut to wbat 1 iviato;
Have you heard of DODUES DYE HOUSE, the
place i C renown.
When the Ladies all say be can dye hair brown t
It in at this place where they are always dye lug but
From the lighten pink to the cbetry rod ;
Aud a s<* front the tightest litt*’
To tbr dark, deep Pru .Man Bine;
The Purple aud the Lilac too.
D nought with n his hand to do.
And ail the con you would wi h to find—
Tl.o.Orange, on o made anions by Jenny Lind ;
Uent*, Oiii gin your C<at. and Pants, ho will Dye them
Black a* sut.
And cleanse them clean a* Linen, and warrant them act
WkITING INK is manufactured at this Establish
went, and Ink t r mat king Bales or Bags, sold at
Yt Loleiale and Retail.
jels-wly O R. DODGE. Prepr'etor.
ONE DOOR BELOW THE
MECHANICS’ BANK.
IN my stock of Goods, bought oi the Executor of
late Mr B F Chow, there are a great tnauy articles
which are out of the linoolbusineu which 1 carry 00,
IBd which ld | set iatSSd to keep in future. Among the
LARGE RAILROAD. DEEP WELL AND FORCE
PUMPS. OKN iL’ s. STRAW CUTTERS,
MANURE FORKS. CARPENTERS’ TOOLS,
CROSSCUT, SAWS BRADS. C S.
BRICK and FLAB PEKING TROW
ELS. DRAWING KNIVES.
FILES. RASPS, At .
To all persons wi king to buy any of the above men
tioned article*, i will sell them cheaper than ANY
OTHER HOUSE la Angoata, aud for less than was
pai l for them in New York.
I have cow iu store a very tine and fnl! stock oi
Housekeeping Hardware. Tin Ware; Cook, Parlor and
B. x Stove-; Cistern and Hydraut Pump-*, with Block
Tin. Lead and Galvan* e* Iron Pipes aud a general as
ortment es every article in theHonse Furnishing liue,
and shall be r -gularly receiving additions to it.
My friends aud the*public are respectfully invited to
them at very moderate pr fits.
febS i Lv wtf K. J. BUCK MASTER.
DMM CHI ED!
rpilK nnd.'rsignl to euro Dn'isv of ev -v
L dos riptton. Ho M> t o noon l*cr nUjr live .t.o
oath of Uuionl*oint,or dorr od Ijy lot or to Union
Point. Or pone county, Q. Tho utodicino cut bo .ont
will.uord pvrouxl y. if and paid lor cy
nro them, a* tho owner nty proior. Korn t mo Tot
‘"miles G. BROOME.* 1 " 1
Thl* is to certify that mv father had a negro man at
flioted with Dropsy in 1853; he had been treated by
several phyicia:.s without any cure, when he applied
to M. G. Broome for his which cured him. lie
1* HiiU living and in gcod health.
H. Cham ft on,
Groeneeboro*, Ga., Jaa 1658.
This is to certify that 1 had a negro woman badly ai
ilcted with Dropsy for a considerable time, fchc wa*
attended by several phy ici*ns ; they failed to make ;
•ure I heard of GJ. room.', and put her under his
treat u* n\ aad in le>s than a year she was thoroughly
cured of Dropsy. James Havant
Peafield. Ga rnhbwtf
CHEROKEE LAND!
Great Bargain!!
mHH SBbitriber offer? his PLANTATION for sale
JL Iriag in WhitSe and conety, Geo , containinji 1.34 C
acres of rich valley Laud bus within Arc or six miles
of Dalton. There are at res in cultivation aud 300
acres cleared. The Laed U ftesh. and not to be snr-
ft, °y,xs wS
brd cr mo; b*Hhy U'.‘'-n
The bnEdrtc M new sad wUdti . Dwen-.n,
Bou-.. B-let. l.SewieetheDsiry; B-ra. and
Siotttw.4tt*y onttttr.dutßs.ss |ro Hons-.s ic
TbU VI, p, rb*n, tbs Che.ptst place in Upper George
Price ‘ 000 ‘ A. V SUTHEKLANO,
mj-31 wtf Dstton Qee.
I'Vr.ttV BODY who Ukee eeod H.r.e, pood Csttle
i or good Sbeep. bonl,t take the ASIEBICAb
STOCK JOURNAL, pub’ched mcntii'y : 140 Ur. 1 too
Str-et, See-York, t St per year. Speetmen copies
grst:s—send sod get oos. fefcb-wtf
SASH, HLIMIS, DOORS, &C.
f P HE undersigned keeps constantly on hand, and it
X prepared to mahe to order at short notice, SABH.
BLIND.n and DoORh. ot all the regular s res ; also,
MOULDINGS of more than fifty different patterns cn
hand and mad* to order a; Lort notice. Orders solid
ted.
HERBERT STALLING?. Agent.
No. 12. corner D’Antignac and Carrie sta.
- An * n * t *’ S. 1859 mh^-wly
Leather Machine Belting
AND FACTORY FINDINGS.
- Ltjitbrr
l ‘ widths (1 to -.*4
A large stock always on band.
ALSO,
Copp*r Rrv-ETS snd BUKR?, WASHERS R’NO
TRAVELLERS. ROLLER BRUSHES STRIppV-b
CARDS, ROLLER CLO’I H. PICKERS ’IL IP. th
ER, Lag SCREWS, mid s rr cty of PACtohv
nsDisoa. 1
Tor rsl on scoomco.!*’ ng terms b
r-HErt UAN, .I tSSI P & CO
At tndijeticaj Iron Uront Kiors, sdioinin*
the City Hack, a few dooraabo., tbtir old tocaaon, and
saaiiyoppoaitotbe Globe and United State. Hotel.
J7xi3m
JJUSETZI,
Are now prepared to display
before their Customers,
at tlieir
WHOLESALE & RETAIL
STU RE,
RICH SILK ROBES,
Os the very la*est importations;
DRESS SILKS,
Os the Richest and Most Approved Styles ;
§MU’SS SILKS,
Solid Colors, Plaids and Striped;
5-8, fi-S, 7-S and 1-4 Black SILKS, of
various Styles and Prices;
Yen Rich Ithick Silks,
BAYADERE ST&IPFA, very band Home;
Ru b Figured CASHMERES and DELAINES ;
K b Figured CASHMERES and DELAINES, for
Children ;
Plain Black and Fancy Colored DELAINES ;
“ “ “ MERINOS;
Rich 4 4 Rea! FRENCH PRINTS ;
Britlah aud Domevtic PRINTS, at M cents and up
wards -
Swing and Jaconet EDGINGS and IN.SERTINOS ;
” “ BANDS,
R ch Embroidered COLLARS and SLEEVES;
“ “ In Setts;
TH READ aud other LACES ;
Plain, Hem-Stitched and Embroidered Linen Cambric
HANDKERCHIEFS ;
Second Mourning Linen Cambric IJANDKER
CHIEFS ;
heccnd Mourning COLLARS, Xc.
This would be the proper place for ns to say we
wil! sell cur Goods cheap, but. as our customers
have already found that oat, and are recommend
ing their friends to os, we will only say, fav-r ns
w;;h a CALL, and you will rest satisfied that no
one * on leave our Store with empty hands, for
want of good Goods, an Extensive Assortment and
Low Prices !
LADIES’
Cloaks and Shawls;
LADIES’ SILK VELVET CLOAKS,
LATEST STYLES,
LAMES’ CLOTH CLOAKS,
Various Colors—some Very Low Priced ;
STELLA SHAWLS,
Together with vari*-us other styles, from 50 Cents
to Twenty Dollars.
MOURNING AND SECOND MOURNING
SHAWLS.
AT
J. & A. J. SETZE’S.
MEN & BOYS’ WEAR
FANCY CASSIMERES,
Low Priced Black hul Fancy Doeskin CABSIMERES,
BATINETTS. KENTUCKY JEANS, and
TWEEDS, veiy Low ;
Shirt Fronts and Collars ;
I*B, .10, 32, 34, 31*. aud 38 Inch Bla.k Italian
SILK CRAVATS :
Hall'HOSE.nt 10c., and upward*;
WOOL HOSE,
MERINO SHIRTS,
GLOVKS, Jn a f,rpat vnr ety of Stylra. and OAUNT
LF. IS, Low Fr eed ar ct Finn SUSPKNDF.RB;
Flap, ll.ndr.ua and SpitFelield Silk HAM)
KF.RCIiIEFN ; T’la'ii and Col’d Bordered
Linen HANDKERCHIEFS, at
J. &A. J. SETZE'S.
H’LvYISrjSrTCLS.
Kell Welch FLANNELS;
imitation •*
Kilk Warp and Saxony FLANNELS
Low Priced White
“ and Super Red “
Blue. Red. aud Green
Plain aud Twilled, at
J. & A. J. SETZE’S.
Blankets,
‘M, 10-4. 11-4. and 12 4 Low Priced aud Super Bed
BLANKETS;
A few bale* ot 9 4 Grey and Whits BLANKETS, for
Negroes, at
J. & A. J. SETZE'S.
TABLE MO PUtiO COVERS.
Low Priced and Super Cloth TABLE COVERS j
“ “ “ PIA.-nO
Flax and Wool TABLE COVERS at
J. & A. J. SETZE’S.
Tabic Diapers, Napkins, &e.
Low Priced TABLE CLOTHS ;
“ DAMASK;
b 4, 9-4 anc. 10-4 Low Priced and Super Damask
DIAPERS ;
Bird’s Eye and Russia DIAPERS.
Darrssk NAPKINS;
Damask TOWELB, and Huckaback and other
TOWELING, at
J. & A. J. SETZE’S.
LADIES’
Alexander, White, Black and Fa*cy Colored KID
GLOVES;
Ladies’ GAUNTLETS ;
La dies’ Merino and SILK VESTS, with or without |
Sleeves ;
Low Priced and Super Blaok S4’.k HOSE ;
“ CcttonHOSE-
Back Raw Stik HOSE ;
H ack Moravian **
Misses'Cotton and Wool HOSE, at
J. & A. J. SETZE’S.
DOMESTICS.
3-4 and 4-4 Bleached -nd Unbleached SHIRTINGS
IS-4 Bleached and Unblea hed SHEETINGS
Nlarlooro* STRIPES and PLAIDS ;
Plaid LINSEYS, for Servarts ;
Ijow Priced and Fine Apron CHECKS ;
Low Priced and Stiprfice BED TICKING ;
Head HANDKERCHIEFS, for Servants, at
’ J. & A. J. SETZE’S.
CCtl4-dAwtf
AUDUBON’S
BIRRS OF NORTH UIRICA.
MIK undersigned is publishing by subscription this
I. c** .ebrated work of his late father, J. J. AC DC eon,
K. R SS. L. A E.. ±c-, from the original copper-plates,
transferred to stone.
This edi in softness, finish and correctness of col
oring, will be eqa*t to the first ; every plate being cob
ored trom the original drawings still in the possession of
the family.
The entire work, containing all the plates and text of
the original work, will be comprised in lorty-four
numbers each, containing ten plates, printed on
seven sheet? of double-el phac; paper, of the beet quali
fy for the purpose, 27 x4l inches ; and will be delivered
to subscris ers monthly, tree of extra dtarges, at TEN
DOLLARS rER NUMBER ; the total cost of the en
tire work, iacir.dmg the seven volumes of letter-press,
ru> one-*a.; tkc cost cf the first edition.
s there are many persons who only know the above
w?rk by reputation, number will be sent as a
tpecimea to those who wish it, on the receipt of eleven
dollars. Express and other charges will be paid by the
publishers.
Also, now complete, octavo editions of
AAXJXJ'CnBOISPS
BIRDS AXD yl ADRLPEDS OF AHERICA.
BIRDS 7 Tolomw. 500 p'*t. colored by hxed, with
text. (19b: QUADRUPEDS, 3 Toluae , I*s pLAM,
1 jese rditioo* are ottiform. suited to the Library, or
Drawing Roota; bound in full morocco antique^^
ROE, LOCKWOOD V SON,’
tnb4-diw 311 Broadway, N. Y.
5,000 ACRES IIP LAND
FOR SALE!
I'HE PLANTATION occupied by the undersignoi
i, offered for sale. It contains 5,000 acres of well
unproved Land, ying in Jefferson county, on fLe sreter,
of Rock, Comfirt creek, six miles above Louisville,
on the Georgetown and Penn's Bridge roads, bounded
by lands of Telfair and otbera, and 10 miles from Station
No. IS Central Ra-iroad.
There is on the place a comfortable Dwelling, Gin
House. Packing Screw, and all necesa.ry oat-buddtegs.
The tract ran conveniently be divided into three Plan la
ticcx. Pxx tcr the whel* will be told low. For terms,
a*, apply to ROBERT M PHOOZY, or
JOHN PHINIZT, Augusta,
1 Angcsta, Dc. 14,1854. deelsd*w
Chronicle & Sentinel
MESSAGE.
Fellow Citizen* of the Urnatr and
Home of R*pre*enta‘ire* :
In the sevenloecib Sec'ion of the tirat Article of
tbe Constitution of this State, it if deelared that
u every bill ebail be read three time?, and on T hree j
eepara'.e days, in each branch of the General As
sembly, before it §ba!l pa-e, unlese in ease of actual j
invasion or Insurrectionand in tbe eame section }
it is farther declared, that all Acts shall be signed j
by the Presideot>in tbe Sena*, and tbe Speaker in
the House of Representatives ”
BILLS LOST, WHICH WIRE NOT ENGROSSED AND EN
ROLLED. .
On tbe day of the adjournment of tbe Legislature,
at its last seerion, eo large a number of bill? passed
both Hoa?e that it was not po-eibie for tbe Eagres
ting and Enrol ing Clerks to copy and prepare all
for the eipnaturea of the President of the Senate
and Speeker of tbe House, before the houl of ad*
joarnment. Consequently, all bills in this condition
acre leer. liad they been enrolled af;er the Legis
lature had adjourned, they could not then have been
eigned by tbe President tn the Senate aor by the
Speaker rn the Honee of K .preeeatalivce.
NOT SIGNED BY PRESIDING OFFICEKS.
A number of other Bi ls which had been properly
enrolled and prepared for signature, bat which, by
some oversight iu tbe hurry of busine??, had not
been sigQed by either one nr the other of these of
ficers, were brought, to the Executive Office, about
the time of adjournment; and finding, on examina
tion, after the Houre* had adjourned, that the con
stitutional provision above mentioned had uot been
complied wi’b, I wilhheid my signature from them,
believing that it could uot then give them tbe force
of law. These Bill? are herewith re'nrned to tbe
respective Houses in which they originated, ft is
believed that many cf them were never read a second
time, m any previous day of the session, but that,
v-hen They came up in their order for a eecond read
ing, the captions or title’ only, and not the entire
Bills, were read. The C nsri u'ion is imperative
that not only tbe title, but tbe Ihll, shall be re and, ae
well on the second as on the first or third reading.
If any one reading may be dispensed with, all may,
and the Bill, no matter how important, may be
passed upon three readings of its title only, while
its provisions are unknown to many of the mem
bers of each Honee.
HASTY AND INCONSIDERATE. LEGISLATION CON
DEMNED.
The numerous examples of hasty and inconsider
ate legislation, which we so often witness, are be
coming a soarce of great detriment to the State,
aud should be diecouragi and by all prudent legisla
tors. One of the great evils of tbe age is, that we
legislate too much. Asa geneial rule, the failure
of a Bill that las merit in it is lees to be regretted
than tbe passage of a bad law. Wholesome rules
of law with which the people have become familiar,
should not be changed, unless for good cause, after
very mature deliberation. A failure on the part of
the Legislature to observe this rule, has involved
our laws in much uncertainty, and hae often kept
tho people in ignoranoe of their true meaning. Oar
legislate:e have frequently given too little attention
to thttr duties during the earlier part of the session,
and Lave left the greater part of the business of
the session to be transacted within tho laßt few days
before arj iurnment. Hence, their inability to give
to each important measure, brought before them
at the cloaecf tho session, the attention and deiibe
ratioo necessary to its proper disposition The con
sequence has been, that we have haa much incon
sistent aLd unwise legislation. If wo would learn
wisdom by experience, we might do much to correct
this evil in lu- urc I feel it ray duty to use a'l the
influence and power of my position to that end. I
shall not, therefore, hesitate to lay aside and with
hold my ( auction from all 6uch Iche-passed in the
hurry and confusion which usually precede an ad
journmeDt, as fail to command the approbation of
my judgment, together with all such as have not
been p ainly and correctly enrolled aud signed by
the proper officers.
TRIVIAL, LOCAL, INDIVIDUAL AND CLASS LEGIS
LATION.
I would further suggest the propriety of dispens
ing with a great deal of the trivial, local, privale
and class legislation which is introduced into al
most every General Assembly, much of wnich is
useless because it benefits no one, and much of it
is unjust and mischievous, because it benefits a few
individuals at the expense of the many. Let it be
remembered, that each useless local Aot introduced
and parsed cumbers the Journals, and pamphlet of
Acts, and that tho State pays out of money raised
from the people by taxation, for printing 4,000
copies of the Journals of each House aud 5,000
copies of the Aot itself, and that one day spent by
(he General Assembly in the passage of such Acts
cos's the Stale over $3,500, iu pay of members,
officers and other expenses. A properandjustre
gaid for economy demands reformation iu this par
ticular. Tue same objections that are applicable
to trivia! and local legislation, apply to much of our
privale or individual and class legislation, with
many other objections on account of its injustice and
inequality. L would, in my opinion, be much bet
ter lor the Legislature, with few exceptions, to lay
down general rules of law, and let all alike regulate
their conduct by them.
EXERCISE OF THE VETO POWER.
Entertaining these views, I have, during my term
in office, frequently withheld my sanction from
bills of the character above described. Jn so doing,
I do not consider tha- I have been wanting in re
epeot lor the General Assembly. The Constitution
has assigned to the Governor, as well as to General
Assembly, official powers and duties, end the peo
pio should hold him responsible for tho independent
exercicecf bis official powers, as well as the faithful
ilieoharge of bis tffioiai duties. Neither House of
the General Assembly feels that it in wanting in
respect for the other when it refuses to pass a bill
which it does not approve, though it may have been
parsed by the other. The Constitution declares
that tbe Governor “shaii have the revision of ail
bills passed by both Houses, before tbe same shall
become laws;” and it only gives to the General
Assembly power to pass laws, “notwithetsndiug his
dissent,” by two-tbirds of both Houses.
If the Governor, therefore, out ot respect for tbs
two Homes, signs a bill which his judgment does
not approve, he denies to the people the exorcise of
that Kxecutive revision, which, under the Cousti
ticn, they have a right to demand, as a protection
against hasty or unwise legislation.
NEW COUNTIES.
I beg leave to call.the attention of Ihe General
Assembly to our new county legislation. There
may have existed a necessity, a few years since,
for the creation of several now counties. Some of
the old ones, which were laid out when the popu
lation was very sparse, were found to bs too large
tor convenience when they became more densely
settled, and legislative iutorference became neces
sary. Since the precedent of forming new counties
has been established, it is believed it has already
been foi.owed furl her than the public interest may
have required. Bills for the organization of new
oouulies covering small strips of territory, are
now passed, which, ten years since, would have
met with no favor iu the Legislature.
The number of applications for new counties
increases in a ratio almost double that of tho Dum
ber made at each session. We now have 132 counties
in the Stale. The whole amount ot tax paid into
the State Treasury by eaoh of a considerable num
ber of our counties, is less, by several hundred
dollars, than drawn by each of them
from the Treasury ia payment of its members, and
for other usual and necessary purposes. This
deficiency of several hundred dollars must, there
fore, be made up to each out of tax paid by others.
I recommend iu the future, as a general rule, to
which I think there should be few, if any, exocp
tions, that no new county be formed which does
uot embrace within its limits a territory at least as
large ae the average size of the present counties,
without reducing the old counties from which it is
taken, each to a lees aiea than that proposed for
the new county ; an i that no such Act bs passed
until the Legislature is satisfied that the State tax
to be paid by the ptopoead now county, when
formed, will be at least sufficient to reimburse the
State for all moneys which she wiii ire compelled to
pay trom her Treasury on account of its foimation;
and that each county trom which territory shall
have been taken to form the new one, will be left
with the like ability.
KEDI'CTION OF THE NUMBER OF SENATORS AND
REPRESENTATIVES.
The further fact that the number of Senators and
Representatives is increasing with the increase of
the number of new counties, is, to my mind, an-.th
er reason why few if any other new counties should
be formed. Onr Legislative Assembly is already
much too large, expensive and unwieldy. A Senate
oompo?ed of one hundred and thirty-two members
differs but little from a House of Representatives,
except in name. It is almost impossible for so
targe a body to maintain that calm and dignified
deco, urn, and to act with that coolness, deliberation
and caution, which are indispensable to the proper
discharge ot the high functions of a wise aud grave
Senate; which, when properly organised, is jnstty
looked to as one of the strongest bulwarks of liber
ty iu a republican government.
I would, therefore, most respectfully but earnest
ly urge upon your consideration, the importance of
an early change of the Constitution, so as to reduce
the number of Stnators and I
would suggest that the Senate be reduced to thirty
three members, which woutd bean average of one
tor every four counties, and the House of Repre
sentatives to 152 members, which would be two
to eaoh of twenty counties hsviug the highest
representative population, and one to each of
the remaining counties. Each of these bodies would
then be quite large euough tor the proper discharge
of all its constitutional functions. Each oonnty
would have a distinct and separate voice in lh6
House of Representatives, the twenty strongest
having each two Representatives. The adoption
of this suggestion would reduce the present number
of Senators and Representatives, from three hun
dred and one, to one hundred and eighty five, being
a reduction of one hundred and sixteen. Upcn the
score of just economy, this redaction should be
made, if tie efficiency and wiedom of the General
Assembly wiii be nothing imparted, by it Let us
l->ok at the queetic-n for a moment, in this light.
Should ths exampie of tbe las; General Assembly,
the members of which voted themselves eaeu six
dollars per day. be followed as a precedent, (the
propriety of which has been doubled,) these one
nandred and sixteen Senators and Representatives
will, in future, draw from the Treasury six hundred
aud ninety six dollars par day, curing the session.
I: the session continue but forty days, this wiii
amount to $27,840 00 each session To this ac-1
s3l 00 to each, which is about the average mileage
ot a member, and the mileage of the one buEdred
and sixteen would amount to $3 59c 00 which,
added to the per djem pay at above fixed, makes a
a total of $31,436 00. thereby saving to the State,
should the proposed redaction be made, that sum,
each session of forty days ; should the session be
longer, the sum wifi be greater. Bat it is believed,
new that the sessions are annual, that the people
do not expect them to be protracted beyond forty
days, and that no sufficient reason exists tor so
doing, as all the necessary business, with diligent
attention during the earlier part of the eessioa, may
be dispatched within that time. The above sum L
now raised an cm ally by taxation from tbe people,
Rnd is, in my opinion, expended in a manner worse
than useless —as the Genera: Assembly, under its
present organization, is believed to be a less safe
and efficient body than it would be if organized
upon the plan above proposed. For the purpose
ot ascertaining tbe sense ot toe people directly upon
this subiect, 1 recommend that a law be passed by
tbe present Legislature, authorizing the call of a
convention of the people, to taxe into consideration
the propriety of the proposed change, or such other
change as wiii accomplish the object, together w,th
other necetsary alterations of the Constitutton.
Should a reasonable reduction be made, the saving
of expense at a eingie seesion of the Legislature
would neariy pay the expenses of the convention.
The Legislature, as at present organized, including
per diem and mileage of members, c.erk lire, Arc.,
costs the State about $2.52U 00 for every day it is
in session.
PAY OP CLERKS AND PER DIEM OF MEMBERS SHOULD
EE TIXID EY LAW.
in this connection, I will remark that the item of
clerk hire, alone, he? frequently been most exorbi
tant and unreasonable. It is believed that much of
this unnecessary expense has resulted from the prac
lice too often aoopted by the Chief Cierk and
Secretary, of employing a large number of super
numeraries. During the session of 1853, snd 1854,
the clerk hire in the House of Representative?
amounted to $21,410, and in ths Senate to $7,346.
Since then, a law has been pessed. limiting the
number of clerks to be employed and I recommend
a further enactment fixing toe pay of each clerk,
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MOJRNING, NOVEMBER 9, 1859.
except two enrolling clerks, at JI 00 per day, and j
the enrolling oierks each at $5 00 per day. There j
would be no difficulty iu obtaining the cervices of
any number cf clerks needed, at these prices, who
a •- quite as competent as those heretofore employ
ed a. six and seven and Hares per day. The Secretary
of toe Sena’eand Clerk of the H-juaeofß-onsenta-
Uve ’,during the Irs seeeioeef the Legislature (which
lasted oaiy tcirty nine diye,) received each seven
dollars per day, and an additional sum of five ban
| died do.lare, aupropria'ed to each. This appropna
! tioo and per diem together amounted to nineteen
dollars and nicety-seven cents, each, per day, be*
sides ail the coxtingent expenses incident to the
office of each, which v.e.-e rI-o paid out of tie
I Treasury. Neither of these officers had, I think,
five cays of t ffioial labor to perform after the ad
journment of the Legislature.
I rec< mmend that the compensation of each of
these officers, be fixed by law; and I would suggest
that the ac'ual contingent expenses of the office of
each be paid, and that each receive not exceeding
ten dollars per day for the time he is engaged iu the
du iea of his office, wiiheut further appropriation.
I am sati.fied that it would a so be better to fix the
per diem of the members oif the Legislature by law,
than to leave it, as heretofoie, to be determined by
themselves at each session.
On account of ths la ensss of tbe hour in the ses-
Eiou when toe bill appropriating money for the sup
port ot -he government, is usually passed (and pre
sented to the Governor for his sanction, lie is some
times left to the alternative of giving it his sanction
when it contains items o. appropriation, which fire,
in hiejudgroent, unnecessary and exorbitant, and
which he does cot approve; or, of vetoing it and
calling an extrasess-on cf the Legislature to pass
an appropriation bib without those items ; wnich
wou'a cost a much larger sum than the amount
contained in the pacts of the bid to which he ob
jects
If the compensation cf the members and of all
officers of every character connected with the body,
were fixed by law, much of this embarrassment
would be avoided; as any proposed change would
then be brought up in a separate bill ana acted
upon wrt.hret.reuee.tD itx individual merits, lo
ne.. and, propriety v-ould seen) to dictate that do ap
propriation of doubtful expediency, should be
•fastened upon the regular appropriation bill, the
legitimate object of which is only to appropriate
the several sums of money which ure known to be
necessary to support tho government. Ail other
proposed appropriations etioul i be acted upon
separately, leaving each to stand or fall on its own
merits.
CHANGE OF THE CONSTITUTION.
In accordance with my recommendation, a bid
passed each branch oi the General Assembly, at its
last session, by a constitutional majority, entitled
“ An Act to change the Ist section of the 3d article
of th 9 CoDsiiluiiou of the State” The object of
the proposed amendment is to authorize a change
of venue iu tho trial of criminal cases, when, in ice
opinion of the presiding Judge, the ends of justice
may require it; so that a defendant indicted for
murder or other crime, in one comity, may, if ths
Judge deems it necessary to the ends of justice, be
transferred to, and tried in another county adjoin
ing the one in which the crime is charged to have
been committed. The bill was properly enrolled,
and was signed by the Speaker of the House of Re
presentatives, bat was not signed by the President
of the Senate. As the Constitution requires that a
bill of th's character shall pass two successive
legislatures, each by a two-third majority, before it
shall become a part of the Constitution, and as a
diversify of opinion seems to exist among members
of the legal profession, as to the necessity of the
signa'ures < f the presiding officers of the Legisla
ture during tbe session at which the bill was first
passed, 1 thought it advisable to publish the bill, as
required by the Corstitutiou, (wi.icb has been done.)
ar.d to submit it, With the facte, for your considera
tion. I deem the proposed change of the Constitu
tion an important one, for the reasons given in my
last Annual Message.
AMENDMENT OF THE PENAL CODE.
While on tho subject of criminal law, X desire to
call the attention o! the legislature to other ohanges,
which I deem important. When adefsodaul, under
the present law is convioted of a crime, the punish
nuent of which is death or penitentiary imprison
ment, aud the case is carried to the Supreme Court
and the judgment of the Court below is affirmed,
ihedelendaut, if he is not out on bail, must remain
in jaii, a charge to tho county, until the next term
ot the Superior Court, which ia sometimes uear'y
six mouths, before he can be re sentenced 1 o
avoid this delay of justice and the consequent un
necessary expense to the County, in Buen cases, I
would suggest that tho law be so changed as to au
thorize the Judge of the Superior Court iu such
.rases, to re pronounce the sentence, in vacation at
Chambers, upon motion of the Solicitor General
without delay ing the execution of the law till the
next regular term of the Court; which delay some
times inab'es lira guilty to escape, end which iu
almost every case imposes a heavy tax upon the
county.
By ths ISrh section of the 14 !h Division of tbs
Penal Code, it is enacted ‘■ that any person against
whom a true bill of indictment is found for an of
fence not affecting his or her life, may demand a
trial at the term wheu the indictment is found,
or at the next succeeding terra thereafter, which
demand sbai! bo placed upon the Minutes of the
Court, and if such person shall not be tried at the
term when the demand is made, or at the next
succeeding term thereafter, Provided, that at both
terms there were juries empannclled and qualified
to try euch prisoner, then ho or she shall be abso
lutely discharged and acquitted of (he offence
charged iu the indictment.”
The Supreme Court first field that the defendant
might make the demand atauy term alter the find
ing of the bill of indictment. They have since held
that the demand oav. only be made at the term when
the indioimcnc is found, or at the next succeeding
term, b'.ir tho purpose of making the law more
certain, I recommend that this section bseo aniend
>d as to permit the defendant to make the demand
at the term when the bill of indictment is found
and a statement of the case read in open Court by
tne Solicitor General, or at tbe first or ■ coend term
thereafter, or at the third term if the Solicitor fails
to read the statement of Ihe case in open Court at
tho term when the bill is found, or to notify the de
fendant or his counsoi that the bill has been found
true by the Graud Jury. And on the other hand,
for the purpose of promoting tho ends of justice by
securing a speedy 1 rial cf offenders, I recommend
such change iu the law as shall compel defeedants
ia criminal eases, to come to trial, at farthest, by
the second term of the Court after the term, at
which the bill of indictment is fouud, unie3s further
time be given by the Court on acoount of very
special Providential cause.
PARDONING POWER.
During my term in office, I have seldom exer
cised the pardoning power. While I admit that
thyrs arc rare cases, as iu the case of newly di-j
covered evid-tnee after the oonviction, which might
reasonably have changed, the result, had it been
before the Court on the trial, aud a few other cases,
where the power should ba njereised, Ido not
doubt that ils exercise may be, and often >3, much
abused. I have therefore thought it my duty to
exercise it with great caution, believing that it is far
better, w a general rule, for the safety and welfare
of society, thst the decisions of the Courts and ju
ries deliberately made, with all the facts before
them, should not be disturbed. 1 have no sympa
thy with that sickly sentimentality, whioh atwav3,
forgetful of the injuries indicted upon the innocent
by the guilty criminal, wouU in ths name of mercy,
turn U.U.” upouthecommunity every felon in whose
favor a sympathetic appeal can be made. I have
not only refused the exercise of the pardoning
power—except in a few very special oases, such as
in my opinion were contemplated by those who
farmed our Constitution—but I have tlso refused
to respite defendants in cases of murder, when, in
my opinioo, after an examination of the evidence,
the finding of the jury, and the judgment pro
uounced by the Court, were in conformity to law,
and the principles of justice. In such cases my
Opinion ia, that the officers of the law should not
b* hindered in its execution ; and i have not, there
fore, suspended the sentence, ncr referred the case
to your consideration. The Constitution does net
say that the Governor, in such cases, shall grant a
respite, but only that fie may do it. It is evident,
therefore, that it is mads hia duty to exercise a
sound discretion, in determining whether or not the
case .e pfoper to be referred to the decision of the
Legislature.
PENITENTIARY and state asylums.
For a statement cf the present condition and
management of tbe Penitentiary, the Lunatio Asy
lum, the Academy for the Blind, and of the Insti
tution lor the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, I
refer yog to the respective Reports of the persons
ia charge of those institutions. .
General Eli McConnell, Principal Keeper of the
Penitentiary, in his official capacity, by my in
struction, took control of its repairs and recon
struction, as contemplated by the act of the last
Legislature, which appropr ated $30,0(10 for that
purpose. He is erecting the buildings with con
vict labor; and aa each building is completed, the
value of its construction is to be estimated by good
mechanics, who are disinterested, and the sum
awarded by them, is to be paid to him as Principal
Keeper for the use of the Penitentiary, oat of the
appropriation The appropriation will not, proba
bly, be sufficient to defray the expense of the ereo
lion ot all necessary buildings for Work shops,
Dining-room, Chapel, extension of Cell building,
&c. After these shall have been completed, it is
important that the wails be repaired and parts of
them entirely rebuilt. I therefore recommend an
additional appropriation of twenty five thousand
ti. liars, to complete the necessary repairs aud re
construction.
W. A A. RAILROAD.
For information ia reference to the condition,
management and incomes of the Western and At
lantic Railroad, for the year ending 30:t September
last, you are referred to the Report of Dr. John
W Lewis, its very vigilant, efficient and worthy
Superintendent I feel that Ido but an act of jus
tics When I say, tba: in my opinion, the State has
St no time had connected with the Road, in any
capacity, a more competent, trustworthy and valu
able public servant It will be seen by reference
to his Report, that the sum of $402,000 in casn has
been paid into the State treasury from the nett
earnings of the Road daring the fiscal year endmg
3Uth September last; aud it will be seen by the
tep rt of the State Treasurer and Comptroller Gen
era'. that four hnedred and twenty thousand dollars
have been paid into the Treasury during the fiscal
year endmg 20th October. 1859. The old iron on
about 25 miles of the track, has, since Ist January,
ISSB. been taken up and its place supplied with
heavy new rail. The Road bed and all the super
structure and machinery are kept in excellent or
der. No new debts are contracted which are not
promptly paid monthly, if demanded, and no agent
appointed cr retained in office daring my adminis
tration; is known to be a defaulter to tba amount of
a eingie dollar.
I confers mat she amount paid into the Treasury
from the road during the past year, has somewhat
exceeded my expectations. For this lam indebted
not only to the Superintendent, bat also to the un
tiring efforts of the honest, industrious and faithful
officers aad agents associated with him aud under
his control.
It has. I think, been dearly shown within the last
two years that toe Road owned and controlled by
the State is a productive piece of property ; and
with proper management iu future. I feel sate in tbe
prediction that it will remain eo, and that the incomes
from it wiii continue to increase with the increase
cf population, business and wealth In the country.
So meg as the Road remains under my control, I
invite strict scrutiny into its management; for I
subscribe funy to the doctrine that it is proper to
hold public functionaries to rigid account ability.—
And I am willing that judgment be pronounced
upon my official conduct under the application of
this rule.
In the construction of the Road under State man
agement, it is not doubted that there were in many
instances too lavish an expenditure of the public
money, and that it coet a much larger sum than it
should have cost. lam not prepared, on that ac
count, however, to admit that any good reason ex
is.* wry a State may not manage a great public
work of this character with as much honesty, econ
omy and success ae a corporation. To accomplish
this object it is only necessary that Ike officer having
the appointing power, select agents who are com
petent. honest and faithful, to at he lay down strict
rules for the government of their conduct; that he
give so much of his individual attention to the work
es will enable him to know whether or not those
rul-s are violated; acd, in every case where he
discovers he has been deceived in the selection of a
proper agent, or where an agent has palpably vio
lated the ntles laid down for his government, that
ha have toe moral firmness and nerve, without re
gard to personal considerations, to apply the cor
rective, by a prompt removal. • The observance of
these rules is. in my opinion, a dnty of toe appointing
power, from which be ehonid never shrink. If he
performs this duty be can seldom fail of success.
Regarding it as a matter of interest, I have en
deavored, at the expense of considerable labor, to
j ascertain the original ocet -f fheS'ate Koad; but
j I find it impossible, for the reasons given in tho
a and very valuable re port „f Col. P. Thwoatt,
Comp.Tc.er General, w„> has a'ao given much
att Jiti*. n to tnis subject. *. arrive at a conclusion
with Mitre accuracy. It is be ieved that tie Re
p-rr Or Mr. GarLetL, then Chief Engineer, made in j
, ot tbe amount expended to that time, is about
correct. He estimates tbe whole cost to the date of
h s iteport, at $3 3i‘o lf*. $8 Since that time there
has been appropriated to ’be construction of the
r l ’o 8 e< l U; P melJt .io oa-h, and in the bonds
of the S ate, the sum of 366 27. Add these
soiih together, and we have $i ui 532 15, as the
total amount appropriated by ‘be Legislature, and
paui out of the &>a- e Treasury f-;r the construction
ana equipmentof he Road This, in my opinion,
is a very near approximation, to correctness.
I air. aware that iu accounting for
the gross incomes of tbe li ai eince its completion,
aave charged amountspf these incomes to
construction. These sums I think, generally
more properly chargeable to repairs, & C J than to
original construction. As an Stance, the Etowah
bridge was burned down some years afier the road
had been m operation, and it became necessary to
i U u * eWORe i ii’i A^e Ikis could not prop
erly ba charge-sola to origin-1 construction, bat was.
I th-.Lk, properly chargee, ’e u> repairs on account
ot casualty. r
A portion of the iron originaSy laid down on the
tract became eo much worn as to be unsafe, and it
was ntetdiary to procure ar.d By down new iron in
its pi&ce. a L*e cost of this also was properly
chargeaoie to repairs aud not to original construc
tion. I: a Depot building wasfcuftieient, when tbe
Read was completed, to aoooaabodate all who had
business at tke piace, but wioh afterwards, on
account Oi tne decay of tlia 6a ucture or increase
of business at toe location, was Lund to be insuffi
cient, and it became necessaryjio build anew one,
its cost could not justly bs to original
construction.
Without multiplying mstaJces of this kind, I
conclude that as soon ..a the i gWature had ap
propriated & sufficient .um tocomploie the road,
and to piace upca it the stipttstruotare and ma
chinery necessary to the transaction of the business
offered by the country to the road, the original
construction account was at an end, and that all
such enlargement ol buildings, re construction of
bridges, renewals of superstructure, repairs of
track, &.C., &c., as were af-erwarda required for
the safety of transportation and travel over the
road, or for the accommodation of increased busi
ness, is properly chargeable to expense of keeping
up the load, and not to expense of building and
putting it into operation Had the road remained
unproductive to the Treasure for a quarter of a
century, on account of bad crops, casualties trom
tire or tiood. commercial pressure, bad management,
or from any other cause, it could only have been
evidence that ihe original investment was an un
fortunate one fertile time; but surely the repairs
made and ail .the State’s losses during that time,
could not, in justice to the officers afterwards in
charge of the road, be properly chargeable to
original cost in calculating the per cent, which the
road might afterwards pay upon the original invest
ment. Estimating the original cost, therefore, at
$4,411,532 15, the road duneg the past fiscal year
(ending ~oih October lasl.j has paid into the Trea
eury of the State.nearly nine and a half per cent,
upon the original luvescmeut. And it should uot
be. forgotten ;n Ibis connection, that it was budt at
a time when railroading was not well understood,
and that it was built as a public work, at a coat
greatly more than would have been expended in
its construction, even at that time, by a private
company.
Had the same economy been used which is
usually practiced by private companies, tho whole
cost of the Road would uot probably have exoeeded,
if it even had amounted to $3,0(111,0(111.
The sum paid into the Treasury daring the past
year is fourteen per cent, upon that, sum. In com
paring the present minagemeut of the Road with
Company management, it is certainly just to tbe
present officer.!, who did not build it, to count the
per cent, upon such sum only as the Road should
reasonably have cost had if been built by a Com
i-auy, and not upon such sum as it may have cost
under the extravagant system which is sometimes
practiced iu the original construction of public
works.
GEORGIA MILITARY INSTITUTE.
It is to be regretted that the Georgia Military
Institute at Marietta has not been as prosperous tns
last year as its frieuJd had anticipated. This may
be tbe result chiefly of our detective legislation for
its government. As at present organized, it is un
der the control atd management of a Superinten
dent, a Board of Trustees and a Board of Visitors,
whose powers, respectively, are not well defined.
In this conflict of jurisdiction, that decision and
dispatch is wanting which ia absolutely necessary in
maintaining government iu the Institute. The
consequence has been that the number of Cadets is
greatly diminished, aud the character of the Insti
tute has suffered in public estimation.
At tbe end of the last term, Col. A. V Brumby,
the late able Superintendent, and Capi. McConne.l,
late Commandant, resigned their respective offices;
and ftiaj. W. F. Capers, who has for a number es
years held a similar position in rur sister State of
South Carolina, has been elected Superintendent,
aLd Capt. W. J. McGill, of Charleston, has been
elected Commandant. These geutiemen have both
accepted, and are now at their respective posts,
giving, ae far as I can learo, general satisfaction.—
It is to bo hoped that with the necessary legislation
for the government of the Institute, they may soon
be able to restore it in pub..c confidence and raise
it to a high state of prosperiry. Maj. Capers Yield
ed reluctantly to the call of the authorities of the
Institute, and only upon the guaranty given by the
joint Board of Trustees and Visitors that his salary
should be made secr.ro. The position which he
resigned in Charleston was paying him as large a
salary as he is promised in this State, and it was
there secured by the. State. I therefore recommend
that the sum or $2,509 be appropriated to oy the
salary of the Superintendent, and that this be an
aunual appropriation for that purpose till the in
comes of the Institute become sufficient to defray
all its expenses and pay the salaries of all its
Professors.
By a joint resolution of tbe last General Assem
bly the Governor, in connection with the Board of
Trustees, was authorized and empowered, (should
they deem it necessary for the welfare of the In
stitution.) to employ an additional Professor tor the
same. By virtue of this authority they engaged
the services of the Rev. John W. Baker; but on
account of the reduction of the number of Cadets
occurring soon after his appointment, and the con
sequent diminution of the incomes of the Institute,
he lias not received his salary. As he was employ
ed by authority of the legislature, good faith re
quires that a sum sufficient to pay his salary tor the
time he haß served, be appropriated.
At their last, joint meeting, the Board of Trustees
and the Board of Visitors, after much deliberation,
agreed upon a bill to be laid before the Legislature,
proposing such changes iu the law fur the future
government of the Institute as experience has
shown to be necessary. Among other things, it is
proposed to abolish both the old Boards, and to
substitute in their place a single Board, to be
charged with the entire government of the Institute.
It is also proposed to connect the Institute with, and
make it part of, the Military organization of the
State, and to give to the Commander in-Cbief the
same control over its officers which he hea over
other Military officers of the State. This, it is be
lieved, wiil secure more strict military government,
which is considered indispensably necessary to the
suceecs and usefulness of the Icatitute. I therefore,
respectfully recommend the passage of the bill
proposed by the joint Boards.
MILITARY SYSTEM—VOLUNTEER CORPS.
For the purpose of giviDg new life and energy to
our military system, which is now almost entirely
neglected, the importance of affording to a portion
of ihe youth of cur State a thorough military edu
cation, cannot be too highly appreciated. The
people of many ot the States of this Union are
falling behind most of the civilized nations of the
earth in military training. Within the last twenty
years the more powerlul nations of Europe have
probably advanced more in military science and
skill, and in all the arts of war, than they had during
any previous century. It ia believed that no one
will doubt the correctness of this remark who has
observed attentively the late struggles between the
contending powera in the Crimea and in Italy.
There is not a more brave and patriotic people on
earth than those of the United States; and there is
probably no nation whose militia is so reliable on
the field of battle, yet in this day of constant
advancement in military science, those who depend
alone upon patriotism and valor enter the field,
even in their own defence, under great disadvan
tage. Should onr country be invaded by any of the
groat powers ot the other hemisphere, our people
would be found at the commencement of the strug
gle to be almost destitute of military training.—
Until this deficiency could be supplied, they might
be unable to contend with the disciplined troops of
a regular army, without great loss of life and much
detriment to our national character.
There is probably no State in the Union, certainly
not one of the old thirteen, in which military train
ing is more neglected than in our own. V/e know
uot how soon we may be brought to the practical
test of detending ourselves against the assaults of
foreign ambitioD, or tbe more unnatural attacks of
those who ought to be our brethren, bat whose
fanaticism is prompting them to a course which is
daily weakening the ties that bind us together as
one people. The father of his country has ad in on
isheu us to prepare for war iu time ot peace. If we
would profit by hia advice it is necessary lhat wo
reorganize our military system. I do not hesitate
to say, that the Slate should offer every rea-onsble
inducement for the organization and tra riing of
volunteer military corps, as the beet and most
efficient mode of reviving the military spirit among
our people. This cannot be done until she has
made provision for arming such companies. A
present, the only provision for this purpose, is the
distribution of the small quota of arma which tbe
State receives annually from the General Govern
ment, and which ia wholly inadequate to the de
mand. The consequence is, that many of our
volunteer companies are without arms, while many
others would be organised were it known that they
could be supplied with suitable arms.
Frequent applications are made to this Depart
ment tor arms with a view to tbe organization of
new volunteer companies; and when those who
apply are informed that they eannot be supplied,
at- rnrther attempts to organize such companies are
abandoned.
tor the purpose of ecoouragiDg the organiza
tion of volunteer corps, I recommend that all
laws now in force requiring tbe performance of
military service other than that performed by
volunteer corps, be suspended, except in case
of insurrection or invasion; and that a com
mutation tax be assessed and collected, from eaeb
person of twenty one years of age, or upwards,
who is subject to do military duty in the State, and
who is not a member of an organized volunteer
corps which drilled at least once a month through
out the year, preceding the collection of the tax.—
This tax should be large enough to raise a sum
sufficient to arm the entire Volunteer force of the
State, with the latest and most approved style of
arms. As soon as a sufficient sum shall be collec
ted ia this way, I recommend, ae a means of pro
curing the contemplated arms, that it be expended
in the erection at some suitable location in the
State, of a State Foundry for the manufactory of
arms and other munitions of war. This would make
the State much more independent in ease ot
emergency. The God of Nature has supplied ns,
in rich profusion, with all the materials necessary
to the accomplishment of this purpose.
If ample provision were made for arming our
volunteers, they would exhibit much military pride;
and the young gentlemen educated at our State
Military Institute, would, in alt probability, be
elected to the command of many of the companies,
who would bring into practical ope-ation, in
training our militia, the science and skill which
they have acquired at the Institute. In case of
war, we could then bring into the field a large
ferce of well trained volunteers, commanded by
officers of thorough military education, who would,
in almost every case, be natives of our soil. Our
untrained militia, if called into tbe field, with such
a f oree and such officers at their bead, would at
once become infused with the military spirit, and
soon with much of the military skill, of the volun
teers and would constitute with them an invincible
army.
CODIFICATION OF THE LAWS.
Provision was made by the last General Assembly
for the codification oi the laws of this State, ana
Hen H. V. Johnson, Iverson L. Harris, and David
liwin were elected Commissioners to perform that
important service. Tbe two former declined to
accept the appointment. Tbe statute provides that
any vacancy which may ooeur among the Commis
sioners, shall be filled by the next General Assem
bly. To prevent a failure of the oommisaion, and
the defeat of the object bad in view by the Legis
lature, I proceeded at onoe, in accordance with the
power vested in me by the Constitution, to fill said
vacancies, till the next seaeien of tbe General
Asetmbly, by the appointment of lion. T. R R
Cobb aud H -n Richard H. Ciark. These gentle
men accepted ths appointment, and, in emieotion
with Jud re Irwin, have been pr ssccting the work
1 hith.-rto with gr- at -m-rsv
j It is m doubted that this work, when completed,
J will contribute much io systematize and simplify
our laws, which wiii enable the people much more
readily to oompreberd their true meaning. The
tme allowed the Commissioners by the statute
wuhin which to finish tne entire work, is only twen
ty months- 1 think it hard'y possible for them to
complete the wurk within that period, wilh that
cate and accuracy w hich are indispensable to ils con
templated usefulness. I would, therefore, recom
mend an extension of the time to two years, aud
that the compensation allowed each Commissioner
be fixed at three thousand dollars per annum, while
engaged in the work.
As it will be proper that a verv plain aud legible
copy of the entire code, as finally agresd upon by
the Commissioners, should be prepared in mauu
script, to be laid before each House of the General
Assembly, and if adopted by them, that a copy be
filed in the office of the Secretary of N ate, as an
en ire Act, it was considered indispensable lhat the
Commissioners have a clerk to do this clerical labor.
I therefore appointed B B. DcGraffeureid, Esq., of
this city, who is eminently qualified, as clerk to the
Commissioners, I reccommend that such sum be
appropriated to him, annually, while engaged in
that capaoi y, as will amply compensatcrhim lor his
service-. I would also suggest the propriety of
appropriating to each of the Commissioners such
portion of his salary as may be reasonable, to be
paid at such times, while engaged in the work, as
ths General Assembly shall designate.
COBB’S STATUTES AND FORMS.
By a joint resolution of the last General Assembly,
it was made my duty to appoint three Commission
ers to examine ihe manuscript of the proposed new
work of Hon. Howell Cobb, of Houston, which is
an enlargement and improvement of his Analysis
and Forms; and in the event of a favorable report
by the Commiesionors, it was also made my duty to
sub-cribe for such number of copies foi tho State
as should, in my judgment, be necessary. On re
ceiving from the Commissioners a very favorable
report of the work, I subscribed, in behalf of the
State, for 3,000 copies, at five dollars per copy. For
the purpose of facilitating the early completion Bnd
distribution of the work among tbe couuties, I ad
vanced to Col. Cobb, in accordance with the spirit
oi the resolution, $3,000, from the contingent fund,
in part payment. Ths books have been received
at the Library ; and as many of them as may- be
ireees.-ary will be distributed among the counties,
with the lawa and journals of the present session.
The work is ably and faithfully executed, and
does much credit to its distinguished author. It is
expected that the remaining $12,000, due on the
State’s subscription, will be appropriated at your
present session.
WEIGHTS AND MEABURES.
An appropriation of SIO,OOO was made at the last
session, for the purpose of supplying all the counties
uot then supplied with standard weights and mea
sures. Soon after the close of the session, I oaueed
circulars to be addressed to the Clerks of tbe Supe
rior Courts of the several couuties, informing them
of the- fact of such appropriation, aud requesting
each to report to mo whether his county was supplied
with these standards ; and further notifying each,
that his county would be considered aa supplied
unless be furnished the information. In reply, I
received information of the deficiencies which exist
ed in 113 counties. From the remaining 10 counties
no reply was received, and I was left to presume
that each of the latter was fully supplied. I have
since caused to be manufactured and supplied to
each county whose clera informed me of auy de
ficiency, the standard weights and measures which
were considered necessary. If the supply needed
by any county has not been shipped to its nearest
railroad depot, the fault rests with Us own officer
who failed to furnish information of its necessities.
I have also caused to be deposited in the State
Arsenal, at this place, 27 sets of standards similar to
those furnished the couuties above men'ioned, which
are subject to the future direction of the Legisla
ture.
These weightsand measures are of a verysuperior
quality, and it is not doubted that they are entirely
accurate. They were manufactured by John W.
K ssam, of Now York, under the supervision of
(Jol. John T. Smith, of that city, who was formerly
a Secretary ia this Department.
census of 1859.
In accordance with the requirements of the Con
stitution, the last Legislature made provision for
taking the State Census this year, which has been
done ; and it will become your duty to make the
septennial apportionment of members among the
respective counties, in proportion to their respective
population.
LIBRARY.
For savera! years past, an annual appropriation
has been maae, of St,OUO to increase the State
Library. It should be the pride of Genrgia to sup
ply herself with a library as extensive and valuable
as that possessed by any other State in the Union ;
and I truet her Representatives will continue to
provide for its annual increase.
The Library is at present kept in one of the rooms
of the Capitol, which is entirely too small for the
purpose. Many valuable books and documents,
tor want of room in the Library, are now kept iu
the basement rooms of tho State House, yrhere, on
account of the dampness of the rooms, they are
much injured. I, therefore, teoommeud that an
appropriation of SIO,OOO, or such other eum as may
bo necessary, be made, to build a fire-proof brick
building on the publio ground east of the State
House, to be used for the purpose of a Library.
MINERALOGrCAL AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
In the event of a future miaeralogical and geo
logical survey of the State, one of the rooms in the
proposed new building might be used as a Cabinet
for the deposit of vumabte speoiua-ua of ores, fos
sils, &c. Ido not ooubt that such a survey would
bring to light immense wealth, which is now buried
in the bosom of our Scale. I, therefore, renew the
recommendation made in my message to the last
Legislature, that provision be made by the State for
snoh a survey.
BOUNDARY LINE BETWEEN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA.
I am informed that the last Legislature of Florida
agreed to the propositions contained in tbe joint re
solutions passed by the Legislature of this .State at
its session of 1857, for the settlement of tbe boun
dary line between these States, upon the basis
agreed upon by the late Executives of the two
States. The Governor of Florida, being desirous
that the line between the terminal points which have
been agreed upon bo re surveyed, as contemplated
by joint resolutionjof the Legislatures of the two
States, has appointed B F. Whitner, Esq , as Sur
veyor on the part of Florida; and I have appoint
ed Prof Orr, oi Emory College, as Surveyor on the
part of Georgia, who wiii proceed soon to run the
line, and thus terminate, I trust, ail fuither misun
derstanding between the two States, in reference to
this vexed question.
I recommend tho passage of an Act authorizing
the Governor, so soon as the survey is completed,
to draw his warrant upoD the Treasury for such
sum as will compensate Prof. Orr, for hia services.
ATLANTIC AND GULF RAILROAD.
In May last, I visited the Atlantic and Gulf Rail
road, and I take great pleasure in saying that I con
sider it an excellent road, so far as it is completed,
reflecting great credit upon the able, energetic and
efficient officers who have had the work in charge,
and upon the trustworthy and intelligent board of
directors who have the supervision acd direction of
its affairs. Wailo ihe work seems to have been
faithfully done, my opinion ia that those having the
control have permitted no wasteful or extravagant
expenditure of the State's money. In common
with the citizens ot Gscrgia, I deeply regret tbe
death of Dr. James P. Screven, the late able aud
untiring President of this Road. It is said, that in
his extraordinary efforts to push forward to its com
pletion this great thoroughfare, which is to give
new life and energy to a large and very interesting
section ot our State, lie contracted ths disease which
terminated his valuable life. The werk, when com
pleted, will stand as a well deserved monument to
liis memory. The Board of Directors, since the
date ot my last Message having certified to me, as
the statuto requires, that the second, third, and
fourth instalments, of sixty thousand dollars each,
have been paid in by the private stockholders, on
their subscription, I have in each oaee, issued fifty
thousand dollars of the State’s bonds, as the statute
directs, and delivered them to the company, at par,
as tbe State’s installments due upon her stock. The
whole amount of bonds issued to this time, on ac
count of the road, is $250,000, for which the State
holds that amount of stock in the company. The
Directors having lately notified me that the fifth in
stallment of $60,000 has been lately paid in by tbe
private stockholders, I have prepared $50,000 more
ot the bonds which are now ready for delivery, and
will be demanaea in a few days.
STATE AID.
In my annual message to the last Legislature, I
gave it as my opinion that it would be good polloy
Ijr the State to lend her credit to aid in the construc
tion of such other railroads as may be necessary to
the more full development of her vast resources,
provided Bbe be made perfectly secure, beyond
doubt against ultimate loss. I still entertain the
same opinion. In lending her aid in the construc
tion of a road, I only propose that the State indorse
the bonds of the company, after a reasonable pro
portion of the road iB first completed, for a eum suf
ficient to purchase the iron to complete the rest, as
fast as the company, at its own expense, shall have
first graded the road and laid down all the timbers
and superstructure, ready for the iron.
For the purpose of securing the State against loss,
on account of this liability, I propose that she take
and retain a mortgage or statutory lien upon the en
tire road, as well the part completed before her liabi
lity was incurred as the part completed afterwards,
with all tbe superstructure, roliiDg stock, fixtures,
franchises, and appurtenances of every character
belouging to the company, with the right to sell the
whole, sifter sixty or ninety days advertisement,
whenever the company fails to meet and promptly
pay any installment of interest or principal due on
said bonds. And should any portion of the Slate’s
liabuity remain unextioguished, after the sale ot the
road, I propose that the whole deficiency, whatever
may be the amount, be divided among the solvent
stockholders, in proportion to tbe number of shares
owned by each, and that the Comptroller General,
under an order from the Governor, issue execution
immediate!; against each, for his proportion ot the
deficiency, to be levied and collected oy the Sheriff
of the county in which the defendant resides, or of
any county in which he may have property. This
would, in my opinipn, make the State amply secure.
Indeed, it is not probable that she would’ever have
to calf upon the stockholders to make up a defici
ency, alter the sale of a road; as it is uot reasonable
to suppose that any company of sensible men, simp
ly because the State would agree to indorse their
bonds under the very binding restrictions above pro
posed, for a eum sufficient to purchase tbe larger
part of the iron, would ever invest their capital in
grading and building t. road which would be of so
little value, when completed, that the whole road,
and ail its appurtenances, including tbe iron upon
the entire track, and all the rolling stock, would
not bring, if sold, a sum sufficient to pay for only
the pa. t of the iron for the price of which the State
would be liable.
Capitalists do not usually invest their money
where they not only expect no dividends or in
comes, but the loss of tbe principal, with an ultimate
liability to future additional loss ; consequently, it
is not reasonable to suppose that tbe stockholders
m any company, under the proposed plan, would
undertake to build a road, and receive the State’s
aid by tbe endorsement of their bonds, unless they
were satisfied that the road was a public necessity,
and that the stock, after the road should be com
pleted, would pay reasonable dividends.
The law, if passed, should be a general one,
giving to every company in the State, engaged in
the construction of a railroad, tbe same aid, subject
to the same liability. It may be objected, that the
terms upon which it is propoeed to grant the aid are
eo onerous that no prudent company would avail
themselves of its benefits, and that no encourage
ment would be given by the proposed plan to the
development ot the resources of tbe State ; and
it may be asked what are the advantages of State
aid, under this plan ? To this it may be replied,
that the company, with the State's endorsement
upon its bonds, can sell them at par in the market,
and thereby save itself from tbe ruinous loss which
it would have to bear, should it be compelled, by its
necessities, as such companies often are, to expose
its bonds in the market without such endorsement,
for the purpose of raising money to complete its
road. Maoy companies, whioh are now doing a
prosperous business, while constructing their roads
were compelled to Beil their bonds at sixty cents in
the dollar, to raise money with which to complete
them. Had the bonds of any such company bad
the proposed endorsement, they would have com
manded par in the market, and thus over one
third of the cost of construction would have been
saved to the oompany. As an illustration, suppose
it coet $600,000 to build a road between two given
points, and the road, if built, would he of much
public utility, and do muon to develop the re-
Fources of an interesting section of tbe State, and
a solvent company, witnout the cash at present,
under skes to build it upon credit, by the sale of
its bonds, as such roads a r e oft-n bu-it, the bonds
must be off ered iu the morset, snd wil! bring only
sixty cents in the dollar. It will cost $1,000,009 of
bonds to raise the $600,000 in cash. When due,
these bonds mast bo redeemed by the company at
par. It will, therefore, cost the company $1,000,000
to build the road. Bat, suppose the Slate endorses
t..e bonds ; they wid than bring par, and $630 000
of the bonds will bring $600,008 in cash. The
oompany. in that case, would have but $600,000 of
bonds to redem ; consequently it would cost them
only sjiUiO,ooo to build tho road. The State's eu
oorstment would, therefore, be worth $400,000 to
the company. The Slate would remain perfectly
Secure, aud have her resources great y developed,
and the lands of her citizei ein the vicinity of the
road much enhanced in value, which would increase
not only the aggregate wealth of the people, but
the amount of taxes due to the State.
Without the endorsement of the State the road
would not probably be built. Before the company
would undertake to build it, the stockholders, as
prudent rnsu, would calculate the per cent it would
probably pay iu dividends after its completion;
and they might be satisfied that it would pay eight
per cent on the cost, if it could be built for $600,000,
and be wilting in that case to incur the liability aud
proceed with ihe work. Should it, however, cost
$1,000,000 to build the same road, it would then
pay in dividends from the same amount of business,
bat little over half of eight per cent, and, in that
case, they would refuse to incur the liability or pro
ceed with the work. Consequently, the road would
not be built! the resources of the section would not
bs developed; the price of lands would not be
raised, and the amount of tax paid into the treasury
would not be increased, lieuoe, I conclude that
it will be a wise policy on the part of the State to
grant the aid upon these terms, that no prudent
company will receive it until the stockholders
are satisfied that the road will pay when com
pleted,and that the aid will be very valuable to a
company engaged in building such a read.
It is sometimes said that injustice to the railroad
oompamea already iu existence, the State should
uot aid or encourage the building of other roads
which may come in competition with those now in
operation. Some of these companies are now
making very large profits, and while I desire to
see them prosper, and would not wish to see their
dividends reduced be ow a point where the stook
wou.d be reasonably profitable, no matter how
muca other interests might be thereby promoted I
am unwilling that such sections of the States as are
without railroads should be denied their benefits on
the ground that the large incomes of some of the
wealthy companies now in existence, might be re
duced by giving these sections an opportunity to
participate in the advantages which would result
to them from the construction of other loads. In
deed, I entertain no doubt that the interest of the
people requires that the number of roads be in
creased till no one shall have a monopoly of the
business of auy very large portion of the State,
provided that each shall bo left with sufficient busi
ness t-s make its stock reasonably remunerative.
The greater the competition between tho roads, the
lower will be the freight and tare, and the better for
the interest of those who travel aud ship freight
over them. When there is no competition, for the
purpose of accumulating larger incomes, the freights
are usually placed by ths Company at a very high
Ogure, ana the shipper must bear the loss.
Again, I deny that any Company has a right to
complain that injustice has been done it by the
State, should she permit or encourage the building
of such roads as the interests of her people in dif
ferent sections require, which do not in any manner
violate the chartered rights of such company. Most
of our railroad charters coutain guaranties to the
respective companies, that no lateral road shall be
built within a certain number of miles of the road
of the company to which the guaiantyis given;
say, twenty miles, as an instance. These corporations
claim that the charter is a contract between the
State and the company, aud they eiiug wilh teuaoity
to every chartered rigiit given them by this con
tract, and exercise it, if profitable, no.inattor how
onerous its exeioise by them may be to other inter
ests in the State. Tliey should therefore be content
with tbe contract; aud should not be h. ard to com
foam when the State exercises rights reserved by
her when she grauted to thorn their charters. The
State, in tho case above supposed, as an instance,
when she granted the charter, guarantied to the
company an exclusive right over a strip of her ter
ritory forty miles wide. With this guaranty they
were content, accepted the charter, invested their
money, and built the road, ‘i he interest of a large
number of poisons outside of the limits embraetd
in the guaranty probably afterwards requires that
they have a road; the State encourages its con
struction and it is built. What injustice is done to
the first company and how have they been de
ceived? They have the full measure of their
rights, and the full benefits of what they insist upon
as their contract. It is true, they may not have so
large a monopoly a j they desire, hut they have all
they contracted for, while another portion of the
State is,developed, and the people have the bene
fits ot low freights resulting from the competition.
The State haa taken stock in two railrord compa
nies. I oppose this policy, and do not think she should
be a partner with her citizens in such an enterprise.
My opinion is that she should have no interest in
any property over whioh she has uot the entire
control. By endorsing the bondd of the oompany,
with ample security, she complicate r htrseif with
none of its private management or affairs.
BANKS AND BANKING.
By tbe second section of the Act of 22d Decem
ber, 1857, usually kuowu as the bank Act, it is en
acted that “when any bank or banks now incorpo
rated or which may hereafter ba incorporated in
this State, shall refuse or fail to pay epeoie for any
of its bits, notes or drafts, or other writing for
which they may be bound, when demanded by any
individual or individuals, shall be liable to suit
thereon in any of the Courts of law or equity in
this State, and such individual or individuals, in
addition to the principal of said notes and the law
ful interest thereon, shall reoeive ten per cent,
damages for such refusal or failure upon the amount
so relused or failed to be redeemed in specie ; and
it shall be the duty of all juries, in such cases, to
find a verdicl iu favor of the plaintiff against such
bank, or banks, for the principal, interest aud dam
ages,” &o.
For the purpose of protecting the people of the
State as far as possible against the evils of Bank
suspensions in future, and of restraining the banks
from such reckless and extravagant speculation aud
over issues as usually lead to suspension, I recom
mend that the above recited law be bo changed as
to make it the duty of tbe jury, in every such case
aB that mentioned in the statute, to find for the
plaintiff the principal and interest due upon each
bank note, or other obligation whioh the bank has
relused to redeem in specie on demand, with twen
ty five per cent damages; the interest to be compu
ted from tho time of the refusal to redeem the note
in specie when presented; and that the plaintiff
be entitled to judgment at the first term of the
Court.
I also recommend, that the penal code oi this
State be so changed aa to declare that a future sus
pension of epeoie payment, by any bank in this
State, shall be adjudged as conclusive evidence of
fraud on the part ot the President and directors of
such bank; and that tbe same be declared to be a
high misdemeanor; and punished by confinement
aud hard labor in the Penitentiary of this State, for
a term not less than five, nor more than ten years ;
and that the Grand Jurors of each county in this
State, in which aback is located, shall, at the open
ing of eaoh term of the Court, in addition to the
oath now prescribed by law, farther swear that
they will diligently inquire, and true presentment
make of all cases of bank suspepsion which have
occurred in the county since the last term of tho
Court; and in case any Grand Jury shall present
auy bank as having suspended specie payment,
that it shall be the duty of the Solicitor General
forthwith to make out bills of indictment against
the President and Directors of such bank. In my
message to the last Legislature, 1 expressed the
opinion, that in view of all the imperfections and
abuses of our present banking system, we should
do all in oar power to bring about its complete re
formation ; and if this be not possible, that we
should abandon it entirely. I consider that the
people of Georgia have endorsed this opinion ;
and I respectfully urge upon their representitives
the enactment of such laws as will carry it into
practical effect. The liability es tho banks and
bmk officers, should be made so stringent as to
deter them in future from trilling with the rights
of tbe people, for the purpose of advancing their
own interest and their own speoulations.
education.
The last Legislature, by its liberal enactment
and enlightened views upon the subject of Com
mon School Education, not only rendered the State
a most valuable service and entitled itself to the
thanks of tbe whole people, but set an example of
liberality in favor of education which challenges
the approbation and deserves the imitation of all its
successors. It is true, the Common School System
adopted, was net perfect, nor was this to have been
expected. So great a work must be progressive,
and a succession of wise enactments, guided by the
light of experience, can alone perfect it. But the
last Legislature - did take a most important step in
the right direction. It laid broad and deep the
foundations of a system upon which, if its succes
sors are equally wise, a most beautiful and perfect
structure in all its magnificent and symmetrical
proportions, will soon be reared.
in addition to tbe sum heretofore oppropnatod
and distributed annually tor education, it made an
annual appropriation of SIOO,OOO, to be paid out of
the net proceeds of the W. & A Road ; and provi
ded that tbe School fund should be further increased
annually, as fast as the publio debt is decreased;
and that tie interest heretofore paid to the State’s
creditors, shall in future as fast as the debt is paid,
be added to the School fund, and distributed for
educational purposes.
This SIOO,OOO appiopriation was made under tbe
supposition that tbe net incomes of the State Road
would not exceed S3OO 090, per annum. As before
stated, the Road ha * duri g its las* fiscal year, paid
into the Treasury of the State $102,000, clear of ail
necessary expenses and repairs.
Estimating the future incomes from the Road at
a like sum per annum I see no just reason why the
annual appropriation for athr.ol purposes, may not
be safely increased to $150,000, exclusive of the
interest on the old fund, and the interest on the
bends which are to be issued for educational pur
poses as tbe Sta e debt is oaid. I earnestly recom
mend this increase of $50,000 per {annum, in the
annuai appropriation. If this be made, the amount
for distribution, from the State Treaeury
for Educational purposes, will be nearly $200,000
DEPOSIT WiTH BANK OF SAVANNAH.
The School Act of last year authorized me to
deposit the School Fund, and other surplus fuads in
the Treasury, with any ot the banka of Augusta or
SavaLtah, at interest, upon the best terms I could
make with the banks. Under this authority, I was
ante, on the 14th day of Janaary last, to deposit the
eum of $ 100.000 with the Bank of Savannah ; for
which it gave its obligation to pay interest on tbe
amount, at the rate of seven per cent, per annum,
till the third Monday in tbe present month, which is
the time fixed by the statute for the distribution of
the fund among the counties. The interest to be
received from the bank will nearly $6,000, which
will be added to the amount to be distributed,
together with some SIO,OOO of surplus in the Treasu
ry A’ an inducement to the bank to take the
SIOO,OOO, on these terms, I agreed to give it tbe
Denefit of the other deposits of the State, for which
it furnishes the Treasurer, without premium, all the
Northern Exchange needed in payment ot the
interest on the public dent, Ac. Justicetothe
Bank of Savannah requires me to state, that it has
been prompt and liberal in the discharge of its obii
gatiune to the State; and that I was luJiy convinc
ed, after a correspondence with several other banks
in the cities of Angcsta and Savannah, in reference
to this deposit, that tbe Bank of Savannah was
disposed to act a more liberal part towards the
State, for the increase of the School Fund, than any
other bank with which I corresponded upon the
subject. It was the first to obey the law, and make
its returns as required by the Act of 1857. I con
sider it Dot only a solvent institution, but as prompt
and reliable as any bank in the State.
SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS.
The second Section of the School Act of 1858 im
poses upon the Grand Jury and Ordinary of each
county, the duty of devising a plan for the advance ■
ment of education in the county, and gives them
absolute control over the application of the fund.
This portion of the law would seem to require
amendment. The appropriate duties of the Grand
Jury connected with the Court, usually requ r their
entire time, while in session ; and they cannot, in
connection with the r other duties, give to this sub
ject the attention which it* importance demands.
I therefore reoommend such change in the law a*
will transfer tfcis jurisdiction to an intelligent Board
of School Commission re, to be cboeen annually by
VOL. LXXIII.—NEW SERIES VOL.XXIII. NO. 45.
tha Justices of the Ini .-rijr Court a: and Ordinary of
each county.
SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION AND ORDINARIES.
’ The School Fund of each oounty is now paid by
the Treasurer of the State to the Ordin:y of the
county who is ur.der bond for its proper applica
tion and faithful disbursement. Tue sum now
annually distributed is large, and there is no provi
sion cf law whioh requires each Ordinary to report
to the Governor or the Legislature, or to any other
authority at the Capitol, how he hae disposed of the
fund in his baDds. To prevent any misapplication
of this fund, and for the purpose of holding all
persons who have oontrol of publio money to a
strict accountability. I reoomnieud theappoiutment,
in such mode ■> may be thought best, of a Super
intendent of Eiuuation for the State, who shall
keep his office in the State House, aud to whom
every Ordinary in the State shall make annually, a
full and complete report of the disbursement ot the
School Funds which he haa received from the
Treasury, accompanied by the necessary receipts
and vouchers, to be recorded iu theeflieeof the
Superintendent, in a book or books, to be kept by
him for that purpose, with power in the” Superin
tendent to call auy Ordinary in the State to an
account, at any time ; and in case any one shall be
found in de'ault, to iasue execution immediately
against such Ordinary and his sureties, for the sum
fer which he may be eo in(default, with 20 per cent,
upon the amount till the same be paid. Common
prudence would seem to dictate this necessary
safeguard, where so large an amount of publio
money is distributed among so numerous a elass of
persons.
MODE OF ASCERTAINING THE NUMBER OF CHILD-
REN.
The Statute makes it the duty of the Receiver of
Tax Returns, aud the Graud Jury, iu each oounty,
to ascertain the number of children between the
ages of eight and eighteen. It is believed this has
not been so successful iu practice as tbe old laws
upon the subject of the enumeration of the poor
children, which made it the duty of the Justices of
the Peace, in their respective Militia District*, to
ascertain the Dumber, under the supervision aud
oontrol of the Ordinary.
SUBSTITUTION OF NEW STATE BONDS FOR OLD ONES.
I have found it impossible to oall in all the bonds
ot the State in the bands of her creditors, as con
templated by the ninth Seotinn of the Sohool Aot,
and to irsue to the creditors, in lieu of them, other
bonds falling due in eqal annual installments, till
the whole debt ia extinguished. The bondholders
are under no obligations to return their bonds and
receive others of like amount falling due at diffe
rent limes ; aud many of them refuse to do so.
$100,547 50 OF BONDS AND INTEREST NOT DUE, AND
$50,500 OF BONDS DUE, PAID.
Th#re beiDg a large unexpended balanoe in the
Treasury, after providing lor all legal appropria
ti ms, including interest upon the public debt, and
fifty thousand five hundred dollars of the bonds
which fell due during the year, with a view to carry
into effect, as far as possible, the objeots of the Act,
I ordered the ‘treasurer to give notice, in ifce public
gazettes, that he would redeem, at par, at the Trea
sury, or in Augusta or Savannah, the bonds of the
State not yet due. After several months of adver
ti.-reinent, he was able to find only $99,250 of bonds
not due, which ths holders were wil iug to part with
a! par. These ho redeemed, together with $1207
50 of interest whieh had accrued upon them, whioh
was not yet due.
$150,000 OF EDUCATIONAL BONDS ISSUED.
As directed by the Statute, I have issued, upon
the redemption of thess bonds, $150,000 of new
bonds, dated the first day of this mouth, due twenty
years after date, bearing six per cent, interest,
payable annually. These bonds are payable to the
Secretary of State, as the trustee of the Educa
tional Fund of Georgia, and are deposited in his
office; the interest up .n which will, in future, be
distributed annually as part of the School Fund.
DUTY OF ORDINARIES.
The seventh Section of the School Aot authorizes
the Governor, before drawing his warrant upon the
Treasury for the amount of school fund to whioh
eaoh county is entiilod. -o direct each Oidinary to
furnish him with the number of ohildren in his
county between the ages of oight ant eighteen
ths number taught the elementary branches of an
Euglish education. Ihe number taught the higher
branches of education, and Ihe tales of tuition in
the elementary branches, and in tho higher branch
es, and all other facts and statistics which the
Governor may require said Ordinal iea to obtain and
return, and which may be deemed useful in aid of
future legislaiiou.
Under this Section, I caused circulars to bead
dressed to all the Ordinaries of this State, calling on
them to furnish such facta and statistics as, in my
opinion, might be useful in aid of fulurs legislation.
M ist of the Ordinaries have performed their duty
and forwarded the necessary information. Some
have, however, made very imperfect returns; and
some have made none. It may become ury duty
to withhold the fund from the counties woose Ordi
nuries are in default, till they shall have marie tlieir
returns. Iu such case, I shall not fail to make
known to the people of the county the reason why
the fund is withheld, and give them aD opportunity,
at the ballot box, to hold the proper officer respon
sible. The Ordinary in each county has power to
withhold the fund from the Teachers till they fur
nish him with the necessary information This will,
no doubt, be sufficient penalty to enforce perform
ance of duty on their part.
SCHOOL STATISTICS.
Thus far returns have only been received from
102 counties. These returns contain much valua
ble information. I have had them arranged in a
statistical table, which ia iu this offica, and will be
at all times subject to the inspection ot members of
the Legislature. So soon as the Ordinaries of the
other counties shall have made their returns, the
table will be printed, if dt-aired by tb O oner tv V
Assembly. The returns from those 102 couuties,
furnish the following among other interesting laots.
Whole number of children between the ages of 8
and 18—107,825. Number between 8 and 18 anght
in 1859—67,155; total of all persons taught, 79,922;
of these 45,090 are males, and 34,832 are females.
Whole number of males taught in the elementary
branches 29,238, number of females 22,681. Who e
number of males taught the higher branches 8,032,
females 7,613. Average tuition, per annum, in the
elementary branches sls 50, in the higher branches
$26.00. Whole number of sohool houses, 1,775;
number of schools 1,777. Number of Methodist
Male Colleges, 4, in which there have been taught
358 pupils; Methodist Female Colleges, 4. pupils
524; Baptist Male Colleges 3, pupils 297; Baptist
Female Colleges 4, pupils 322; Presbyterian Malo
Colleges 1, pupilß 97; Presbyterian Female Colleges
3, pupils 325; Colleges and High Schools not secta
rian, male, 16, pupi.s 773, female 16, pupils 1,222;
number of Academies 57. Out of the 102 counties 99
have appointed boards to examiue teachers, and
1,297 teachers have passed an examination. The
Ordinaries of only 49 of the oountiee of this State,
have given bonds aa required by the statute for the
proper disbursement ot the school fund. The re
maining 83 have not yet complied with the law, hi
this particular, and will not be entitled to draw the
fund until they shall have given bond, as directed
by the statutes. For the benefit of their constit
uents, 1 shall have the names of the defaulters
published soon.
SCHOOL TAX COLLECTED BY COUNTIES.
It further appears by these returns, that the pro
per authorities of only 84 of the 102 counties, have
levied and collected eaoh a county tax to be added
to the school fund of the oounty. The counties of
Clarke and Effingham, have eaoh assessed fifty per
cent, upon the State Tax for school purposes. This
is the highest per cent, levied by any county. The
county of Meriwether only assessed five per cent
upon her State Tax, whioh ia the lowest per cent,
levied by any one of the 84 counties. The aggre
gate amount raised by the 84 counties for school
purposes, is $b4,997. As each of quite a number of
tne counties, which draws its just proportion of the
amount distribui ed from the State Treasury, refuses
to raise any additional sum by taxation, I recom
mend such change iu the law as will authorize the
tho Governor to withhold from each county in the
State, alter this year, it* proportion of the State
fund, till its proper authorities shall have levied and
collected a tax of at least 25 per cent, upon the
State Tax, to be added to the amount whioh it
receives from the State for educational pur
poses. Many of the oountiea would no doubt
raise over 25 per cent, as a matter of choice. If
each county should assess and oo'lect but 25 per
ceDt., this would amount to about $100,000; whioh,
added to the $200,000 distributed lrom the Treasu
ry, should the annual appropriation De increased as
above recommended, would increase the amount oi
public money to be expended next year for educa
tion, to $300,000, which sum would be still further
increased annually from the interest on the bonds
‘to be issued upon the payment of the public debt.
This $300,000 annually would be equivalent to six
per oent upon a school fund oi $5,000,000, a fund ol
which any State might justly be proud. Even this,
however, would be only three-iourtbs of the annual
net incomes to the Treasury from the State Rued.
Probably no State in the Union is now in a coudi
tion to do so much for the advancement of educa
tion, with so little of the burdens of taxation to her
people. The incomes from her public property, if
wisely expended, will enable her to build up a
magnificent school fund, while here people pay a
smaller tax than the people of any State in the
Union.
The past year has been one of prosperity, during
which our kind Heavenly Father has bes owed
riob blessings upon the people oi our noble State.—
With hearts full of gratitude let os burnhly iu.-Ao
ms am in ail our aeiiDera ions tor the public good
JOSEPH E. BROWN.
Governor Willard s Visit to Cook.—Gov
ernor Wiilard< of Indiana, visited his brother-in
law, Cook, yesterday in jail, in company with
Senator Mason. Mr. Mason propose! to the Gov
ernor to retire when the latter entered, suggesting
that he would probably prefer that his interview
that he should be private, and also for the reason
that auy thing Cook might say he should feel bounn
to testify to it if called upon as a witness. Gov.
Willard very promptly replied that he himseli
would be a witness in court to any facts Cook
might communicate, and insisted that Mr Mason
should be present. Gov. Willard urged Cook to
make a full confession of all he knew connected
with the affair at Harper’s Ferry, in order to ex
onerate those who were innocent and topnniah
those who were implicated, ae ihe only atonement
he could now maze. Cook signified his willingness
to do so, and he will probably make a written con
fession. He told Cook that be bad nothing to hope
for but death. Gov. Wiiiard states that his family
had lost sight of Cook for several years, and sup
posed he was dead, nntil upon reading uis name in
tbe papers, he determined to visit Charlestown, to
ascertainn if be was bis relative. Mrs. Willard, he
states, is in great distress at the oouduct of hei
brother.
The French Emperor and Mr. Mason's Obse
quies.—The late ‘amentsd death of our Minister at
the Court of the Tuileries, Mr. Mason, afforded the
Emperor of the French an opportunity of signifying
iiis personal and official respeet, not only for tbe
deceased Envoy, but for the nation which he repre
seated, of which Napoleon was not alow to avail
himself, and it ought to be thoroughly well under
stood by our people that the highest possible honors
were paid to the memory of ths American Minister
bv tbe express orders of tbe Emperor in person
Napoleon was far distant from Farts, at Biarritz, iu
the south of France, when the news of Mr. Mason's
death reached him. He immediately telegraphed
to the capital command that his own private car
riage should be sent to the funeral; that ail the
officers of his household, then in Paris, should be
present and that a battalion, with muffled drams,
should act as escort at tbe church.
These orders were equivalent to the personal
presence of the sovereign, which waa, of course,
impossible in the circumstances, apd their full
value, as indications of the good will felt by the
French Emperor towards the United States, can
hardly be properly estimated, unless we remember
that the technical diplomatic rank of Mr. Mason as
a Minister Plenipotentiary, put him on a somewhat
lower footing in regard to Court etiquette than if
be had been an ambassador, ambassadors alone
ranking in the diplomatic hierarchy of Europe as
the personal representatives of the sovereigns by
whom they are accredited. In this instance, aa in
so many others, Napoleon departed from the etrict
ueage of the European Courts to acknowledge the
dignity of a free people.—A'etc York Times.
An American Fireman in It aly.-A letter from
Naples says: That at a fire there on the 4th nit
a citizen of Boston named Gustavos p Hall per
formed offe of those feats for v hich American
firemen are distinguished. There were three ladies
iu an upper tuory, but none of the crowd dare enter
the house. The American went in, came out above
on a high baloony, and balancing himself on the
railing, oaught ali of the women as they leaped into
his arms, from whence he carried them down stairs.
The crowd received the performance with obeere.
EUROPEAN INTELLIGENCE.
BY THE NOVA. SCOTIAN
Farther P IST,C E,O it 89—The steamship
I.OV# Soonao, winch left Liverpool at 11 A. At of
day' Jth lU ’ t '’ p “ 3e:l tblß P oint 8t at 63JA M. to
-t HE ZI ' KICH Conference -The Mcniteur offi
cially announces that ou the 17th a treaty of neare
wae sigued at Zurich between Frame and Austria
Referring to the contemplated Europsau Com
Kresa the Paris correspondent of the Loudon Times
says eleven powers will meet, viz • The five great
and Rome ardini8 ’ Spd ‘ U ’ Sweden > Portugal, Naples
The London Poet says that preliminary negotia
tions for a Congress are only going ou; it being
much easier to plan a Congress than to complete
the necessary preliminaries. England is pledged
to enter no Congress unless the independence and
.ree action of Central Italy are previously under
stood to be guaranteed. It is understood that the
question of the Lombard debt was left to the arbi
tration of the King of the Belgians.
Paris Oot. 18.— It is asserted that the seoond
treaty of peace will be signed tomorrow, the
decision of the King of the Belgians on the debt of
Lombardy having reached Zurioh.
London, Oot 19.—The Post has a despatoh from
Pans, dated last night, stating that three distinct
instruments will be signed at Zuriob ; the treaty
between I ranee and Sardinia will be signed in a
day or two, the tripartite treaty will be signed sub
sequently. B
The Times of this morning states that the terms
of the Zurioh treaty are almost identical with those
agreed to at Villatranca, and thatpeaoe, as one of
the questions whioh disquieted Italy and Eurone
seems settled. ‘
The Morning Poet says that assuming its informs
tion to be correct, the farther proposals concerning
the questions left open whioh it is intended to sub
mit to the approval of the Congress are of such a
nature that the diplomatists at Zurich have only
heaped up materials of fresh difficulties Euglaud
“ and ‘‘ l tak? no part in any Congress of
which the first principle be not the recognition of
the rights of the Komagnese and Tuscans, no less
than the Modenese and Parmesan States to self
government. The first cannon shot fired to force
on the people of Komagna, Modena and Tusoanv
any other rulers than the Italian Prince, in whom
they so fondly put their trust, will be the signal of a
conliict as deadly as the one just brought to a close.
Great Britain.—The Great Eastern continued
at Holyhead. Prince Albert visited her on the
luh, during the sojourn of the Koval Family at
Baugor, but the Queen did not go. It had been as
ssrted that the vessel wonld sail tor Portland
Maine on the 28th of October, but it is semi
officially announced that the directors had not come
to any decision. A meeting was to be held on the
l'Jth, and it was thought that final arrangements
would then be made. The Times’ correspondent
on board, strongly advocates the postponement of
the Atlantic trip until spring, on acoount of the
imported preparations, and the consequent risk of
failure.
The Earl of Westmoreland is dead.
Cabinet councils and meetings of ministers were
being frequently held in London, in reierence, it
was presumed, to the Italian question.
The fjtoek Exchange had been buoyant at daily
improving Dnces. Money was easy and the supply
very abundant. J
London, Wednesday— The Daily News’ City
Artio.e says, the tendency of the stock market is
still decidedly to improvement. At one period on
Tuesday, a fresh risi of j was obtained. A little
dullness was occasioned in the afternoon by the
continued absence of response on Paris Bourse
but consuls closed j higher then ou Monday The
demand for money was moderate. In the open
market 2j may be considered the nearest rate for
the bes: bills I aviug three mouths to ruu. No bul
lion operations at the Bank.
The Tunes’ City Article says the confirmation of
the news ot the signing of the peace treaty at Zu
rich, the settlement ot the dispute between Spain
and Morocco, and ab.-ve alt the continued abun
dance of capital seeking investment caused the
Eugliali funds to open ou Tuesday with increased
firmuesa and subsequ. utiy lo experience a lurider
advance. Cousols left off steady at au improve
ment ot a quarter. There was an increased de
mand lor muDey .n Tuesday, and the rato iu the
optu market was fully per eeut. The foreign
exchanges were generally steady. The British
railway stocks ware firm and advancing but closed
with a slight reaction. The ah p Dover Castle from
Melbourne with gold dust to the amount of JC332 -
OOd, and £ KIO.UO'J m sovereigns was off Plymouth
last night.
France.—The report that Fiance claims three
hundred million francs as indemnity ter the war
from Piedmont is pronounced unfounded. The
French Government haviug made advau es to
Piedmont, bo h before and during tile war, to the
extent of 60,000,01)0 francs, in arms, provisions and
money, and now claims only a reimbursement of
that sum.
It was reported that the Archbishop of Bordeaux
would soon visit Home at the desire of the Empe
ror, to press upon the Pope the necessity of reform
The Moniteur dela Fiotte explains that the
Frenoh fleet will be Benito Morocco ou aco-oint of
the attitude assumed by England towards Spain,
the English fleet probably being intended to coun
terbalance its operations.
contradicts Iho statement that
the oulfcau had ordered the suspension of the works
on the Suez canal, but it is nevertheless asserted
that the works had been entirely discontinued.
It is asserted that France will only local! her
foroes from Rome when the form of government
there renders their presence no louger necessary
The Paris Flour market had been heavy bat
dosed with abetter demand and firmet. Wheal
bad slight'y declined.
LeNordsuys that the deputat ion, of Darme and
Tusoaay hadluterviews with Napoleon on the 16;h
and that the result was satLtactory, but the details
are not given.
The Paris Bourse had been firm at an improve
“®nL hut Closed flit aud inactive on the 18th at
bt)f7se. for rentes.
Italf—The King of Sardinia had visited Genoa
amidst much enthusiasm While there he received
the dowager Empress of Bussia.
The official Pieuiuuuu.ce Gazette states that on a
representation noade by Sardinia, Austria bad sus
pended the works at Boccs and Orfo, and had noti
fied her that the mines were blown up by mistake
expressing at the same lime regret at the oocur
rence.
Many fresh arrests were made at Parma on ao
vailed 0 ’ the ‘ Bt * asßaßßin,uion - Tranquility pre-
A committee at Milan had been makmgattempta
to revolutionize Vemtia and the Southern Tyrol
and these tiiorts to weaken the holdof Austria had
not been entirely fruitless.
The Sardinian Government was serionsiy con
sidering the expediency of fortifying Bresoia, Lena
ta, and Cremona.
The report that Naples fans promised military
assistance to Rime is discredited, as the King ot
Naples tears the invasion ot his own territory.
A revolutionary oommittee at Ferrara was giving
the Austrians great annoyance. It was formed for
Natio P na?army Venet ’ Bnß to ‘ ioiu th
It is said that the Pope, acting in concert with the
statee r of ffieSrch Bddr6Ba “ mamfßßto to ,he
The Neapolitan corps d’armee on the frontiers
?S!LT^ lIM S y lnore “ in . and will amount to
thirty thousand men. Great activity prevailed in
the arsenals, and the whole army was gradually be
ing placed on a war footing. 1
A letter from Florence details the grounds on
which the exequater of the American Consol at
Leghorn, Mr. Joseph Blinda, wai withdrawn. It
ts asserted that he busied himself greatly for the
restoration of the dethroned Prinoes, of whom he
was a warm partisan. Blinda is directly taxed with
having recommended certain Republicans to pro
claim a Republic, while at the same time, he was
exerting himself for the Princes, ana the inference
is that he sought to raise a pretext for armed inter
vention.
ther delay" to Morocco’* 18 ’ h “ C ° nCeded fur ‘
Tits Spanish Cortes had approved the bill for
mcreaßing the strength of the army to KJU.OOH men
with full power to inorease the number bv GO 0(H)
more if neces§ary J >
Morocco had offered satisfaction to Spain, but
without replying to the ultimatum p ’
A . uI ld J de , Bpat , ohos u 'l7tb saye the govern
ment had declared to the Cortes that before (he
time granted to Morocco bad expired it received
information that Morocoo would give the eatisfac
tion demanded. Spain immedfatey
guarantees from Morocco that tbe place shall no’
be disturbed lor the future. An immediate an
swer was expected from Morocco.
Emperor of Bussia and the Prince
Regent of Prussia were expected to have a meeting
‘ Agrau<lmiut^
Austria—lt was reported that the Emperor of
Austria will proceed to the frontiers of Prussia and
Poland, there to meet the Emperor of Bussia.
India and China.—The India and China mails
S, 0 .? h ß rf CUttß k 9M ’ and lluD K K 'ong Aug
24th, had reached England. The nows is mainfy
leKraph ' but thelettera ive “ a
Mr. Ward, the American Minister, waa courte
ously received at Pekin. The news of his arrival
at Pekin was brought to Shanghai by a Russian
gunboat, but no letters were received troin oi™.
It mat ne would oe at Shanghai about
the end oi August, and that he expected to be able
home the ratffiui treaty P by the fob
cue Times correspondent regards the recrc;™
of Mr. Ward as a most politeVokeof
Cabinet, but it does at an remove the treachery to
tne British Minister. 10
The Friend of China says that as the American
rrenty gives she United States liberty to tender
them good. ffioes in any difficulty with the Western
p iwers. Mr. Ward will eoun have an opportunity
of teaang tn s virtues oi this oause. P 1 y
Gen Mouravieff, Governor of the Russian ter
ritories on the River Amoor, bad arrived at the
Peiho, and special messengers were rent to Pekin
to acquaint the Ru.dan Minister. The Russians
Cfuneats 8 perPect understanding with the
Order was re-estabiished at Shanghai.
The negotiations of the French in Cochin China
had made so much progress that the French Admiral
had aeut a reinlurcemeiit of troops ana k'uuboata to
Canton.
Advices from Japan state that the British Consul
haa made no progress in respect to the ourrenov
question Trade consequently was iu abeyance
Tne American eloop-of-war, Germantown was a’
Japan. The steamer Mississippi was at Shanghai
PwheT oWbalaU &La T °y® w “ the Gulf ot
The Duchess or Parma— a letter from Flor
ence—treating of the revelations made in the letters
est behind her by the Duchess of Parina-,a y
that the correspondence was with the EmpVTorTf
Austria and the legitimist chiefs in Paris In the
lettera addressed to the Emperor of Austria
tralky UC the B 'Fmner U * Dt *° ‘ he
traiity, the Emperor wa acquainted with li TiTi.
movements of the Sardinian and them^
advantageous plan ot attack. The EnneroTls
vTv f “ ere,ica ‘'y. before the Fr.m?h a re n
°hi, allies Tn,toe U,> , BUCCOr of th
&ddethe UQCh ®“. “5 in the prompt
together wTris T’ . f ‘i ‘ rait3 ’ Uis ,OEt so Ifo'y.
rafnondenra t o . ‘'tv In tte let,e ’' B to her co >-
k i ParUs ’ the P rBOD of the Emperor
tht P titles of id DOt ,f Ca P e ’ the Duchess giving him
modern times! “‘“e greatest Tartuffs of
Neuralgia and Toothache—A correspondent
Os an exchange paper says he has tried the receipt
or horse radiab to the face for neuralgia as well
as toothacne As neuralgia and the toothache
are both nervous diseases, he thought tbe reme
dy for tbe one would be likely to give relief
to the other; so he made the application of horse
radish, bruised, applied to the side of the body
where tbe disease was seated. It gave almoet
instant relief to the severe attack of neuralgia—
Since then, he bad applied it several times, and
with the same gratiiying result. Tbe remedy L
simp.e, cheap, and may be within reach of every
one. J
A Nut to be Cracked—lt is stated on reliable,
authority that the slaves of a widow lady in She.,
nandoeh county, Va., were furnished with Rrms
. litjonwts, and a night appointed for th 6m
to start for Harper’s Ferry. Instead of doing so
however, when the time came, they held a eoDeui’
tation, and, taking thoee veiy arms, kept guard Horn
dark dll dawn around their mistress’ house. In the
*by showed her tbe arms, told her what
Star bßd done ’ and w eut to work as ugcal. B'uM