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BY N. S. MOUSE. Cjprade ts- Sentinel TEilSs THE WEEKLY CHRONICLE & SENTINEL h Published Every TUESDAY, AT THREIS DOLLARS M AfliM-M A L W V VN IN ADVANGB. it mo for Weekly Advertlsetueula J nuiNAur Adveitisements, published outc a * trek, id Duily, or Weekly, noon and a hatj cents hue, for ou<*h insertion. Spbcial Notioxa, tea c**te per lino for Ibe tirst nterlion, und eight ce/S.s per hue for each suuse j uen t insertion. Duiatvin Aunetitii *<•.*. ten cents per line ir each insertion. A arkiaois, Dasms and * umbu Not ex, /[fry « eucb. Obitoaki*B, Uu ctnit net ~nt. ■ UJ.U. ■- ■!■■.■'■ I".L ■ML'ldlL 11 itunn (ht • harhston Courier Tim ninourl IWaaeacre. foe t-Hewing veies were suggested by the late Missouii massacre One of ihe prisoner! condemned to die, hy the Yankee General, Me Nell, wus u bujbunil and the father of n family of tittle children, en'irely depuudent on him f r the means of n livelihood. A heroic young man no bly offered himself u.i a aubatitute for the con demned , was accepted and died in is at ad. The writer of these lines hag not learned the name of the self sacrificing hero; but hopes that it will be known and his “praises hymn'd by some loftier l.arp lie heard the children's plaintive wail, lie heard the wife, wilh Iranlio cry, Beseeching mercy for her spouse Ily brutal wretch condemned to die liin heart with grief and pity (filed The streaming tears, the pit e l look, The ugony of deep distress, Hm geuercui spirit ne'er o»uld brook " It naught,'' he said, ‘ but blood will do, hoi him, ior whom these teats ure shed, Accept my life no hearts will break, Should l be numb red with the dead! I'll g i and nutlet iu his place, I’ll die lor these, his level one's eat ■ I*L> wife uoi child will gi leva for me 'Cue sacrifice I’ll freely make!” The uttered victim is received, The husband and tli» father freed l’he lliirst for blood is uuappsaued The captive so • to death decreed I Ami now is pardon sought for him, The bravo and soil devoted friend ; . For him the mercy scat is sought, And prayers arise uud tears descend ♦ A human heart will surely yield ? No crlm i domaid.t a v.ct-m sbiiu - Thu prayers of inuo 'cuos bo’il hour, Nor guiltless blood Ins conscience utaiu y But no ! - lo vain are prayers and tears, i lie tyrant’s hcait is haul as steel, ' Ami naught can change tho fell decree, lir kindle mercy iu McNeil! til cun no hand be feu ad In save?-- rtbull not Iho cruel blow be tUycd ? - Ab I no—the heroic victim dies, The noble sucnlice is made! And men swear vengeuu o o’er his clay - Ills in. ior/ lives iu woman’s love ft’s si Av icuii, a. a hunted nut. And angals Walt his soul above ! How long, O, heaven ! shall sleep t by wrath? How loug, O,*r!ghteon ß Uod, how long? - U! grunt, that when our !o:-s wo me t Uur hands be linn, our hearts be strong ! Then wo to those who march beneath The buuuer of so vile u foe ! l lion “bh od lor blood’’ we’ll fiercely shout, Aud lay the cruel miscreants lo « ! Loiter f rein Fredericksburg. Kctiuot of a letter lo u gentleman in tins city, t ret in an ofUcer who was in the tighlot Fred ricks burg ou Friday lust : My. Dear—- : To the briwadoso Barksdale, th.bb, Keisha v aud Summer, c imposing a part of Mcl.aws' L),vision, was entrusted the duty of go rdiuglhitown of Fred, rickrliurg, relieving i uch o tin r every two days. Th.ydit their duly well. When not on picked, they were engaged in fortifying the hills buck of the city, boat niuht Barksdale’s command was iu town. The Majoi General e mimatidicg obst rving closely the move ments of the enemy, supposed that they would make tl.eir attack the next morning. All precautions necestniy ti prevent suiprise, were taken The troops peiug thus cautioned, notwithstanding tho exceedingly dena« fog, de tected tho curliest movement ot the enemy. Two signal guns from Bead’s Buttery aroused the slumbering troops. The enemy, completely in shrouded ov the fog, commenced building their pjujpon bridges, in three places, half a mile dis tant". The artilleiy we weie not allowed lo nee. The enemy concentrated iho tire of the r numer ous batteries upon tbo space around tbeir pon toons from which musketry could take effect. The extent of this fire you may imagiue. They tired m lour minutes one buudrid guns at ole space. The position ol their guas-aluioßt a complete semi circle -euubltd iheui, ut short rauge, to en circle the distauce witch our brave Hoops must occupy to prevent the successful bui’diug of the bridge. Barksdale awaited until they bad bait way completed the bridge uud the troops bad advanced upon this Then he directed Col Fixer to opeu Ure ; thnee they were driven back with gteut loss. On our left, übove the ciiy, the troops of K. H Anderson most gallantly repulsed them and pre veuled tbeir limiting at that p-iut. Tons toiled they removed their batteries ball a mile below ibe city, to a point opposite thi mouth of Uowtson Cii.k and concentrated upon this spot their fire, on our side was ua almost unbroken level plain ot two miles, with uolhiuglo protect our msn. But here they were again foiled by ihe 18;b Mississip pi, Col. l,uc.‘, liith Georgia, Col. Bryan and the lSlhSomh Caroliua, at uu er Col. Dessausure But the*ilreinely exposed suuatiou caused us to suffer to a greater extent here than elsewhere; our batUr.es never replied to tho ccutiuuoue caunouudiug o! the enemy tor the vest of reasons exhibiting, iu my opinion, the wisdom of G.-ueral Le.*, who with U.nti al l.ougstreet had early joined 11 u. ttcLaws, Th, ctnmy ihus baffi Tauted their tire upon v e doomed city, and with their tboll tt abort rauge very soon set tiro to it in many plac.* moot* ot ilac women uo.t children liad been driven by the extrema nitre nt'u lier to return. Vou eait imagine their Ruti.r.ug, l have not the heart to relate the parlioat.r* Tbe old hero Barks dale cilingui»«ed niaot bousos, hut much duiu age bus becu done About two o’clock, the ane uiy teuioVrd to vbo 0.. th end ot the towu many Untunes <1 loaal SO gtius, eii i eonct utratud the bre upon our circle' • u and human courage su*- tatu bv*li The uuduunu-d Mississippi*!]* held tiieir (pound jiti.d the buiet ug shell, burning bouccsaud crumbling ruiii-J ot brick*aud mortar, volley attei Vollty.tbey poured upon their loiutan adrancug upon two budges I’ue enemy ctoes ed over the budge* and iu nuutarou* bo-U. 1 leu dead boated utmoßl lu masses The ahriek* ot Uie wounded could b dm mguiehed amid tbe horrid dtu B .rksJu e wiihdiew his noble hand ot Mis*ism ims it. m it e nr.r * reet, to the third in Iht*. l c e ho uuUd until thetr crowdiug uinaoxd c-xUoalu b<* cju>p*Utd by wim* ben to advaacet. They did ao, ialt) log around him the l'.b, loth and 1i.0., ha J.v«e the enemy xerox* tha nvxr. Sight cam* to his relief, and under tbs darknees, General Cobb, with hi* brigade ot Georgians, crossed the plain, and the heroic defender* of the Virginia Vicksburg sought their damp to prepare lor the morrow Sever did men tight more gal lantly, and 1 have learned that when General isurkedale thet night sought the tent of his im mediate commander, bt received hi* thank* and warm oongreiuiattons. To-morrow will Come th* dcoineu rWk'iuy be in ashes, but those ashes should bo btiumc ed, and the temains of the gallant Misaitsippiana who tell in this cocdiet should rest around the tomb ot •• Mary, th* mother ot Washington," a* worthy brother* of lh* reb«l chieftain. Cobb ha* been withdrawn from the city. In it hi* parent* were married and lived. ‘But the aacriflee of life would not justify tbe ends to be obtained. When the enemy cross, then commence their trials. The wide plgm which extend* from the river to our hilts will he strewn with their dead Town* os Srsctxt ivtcbbst in Noam Carolina. Goldsboro’, N. C., shire town of Wayne coun ty, «pd is on the Ncuse River, at the crossing of Hie Wilmington and Wcldou Railroad, and about fifty mile* Southeast from Raleigh. The Sense is navigable for steaniera to Goldsboro' in all good stage* ot water. Kingston—or KinsV n, as it has been often call ud of .ate —is in Leno.r county, X. C , on the left Northern bank of the Neuse, and about eighty miles Southeast from Raleigh, and by land thirty miles from Goldaboro’. Spaecli of nr. <J. W. Bentlnck, on ttae American War. We ttnd iu the English papers the folloviog remarkable speech <f Mr. G. VV Beutincx, a member ofthn Br tish Parliament, delivered at King’s Lynn, on the 3‘J.h of October last. ’ I contend that the question of slavery has noth ing whatever to do either wrh the feud that is now going oa between the Nortnern and Soiiili ern Brutes, nor has it, nor ought to have, anything io do w.th the I ght >.u which that feud ougat to be regarded by the people of this country. There is a vejy distinguished statesman, who now holds the portfolio of foreign affairs, who ou u former occas on, in talking o! the feud between the Northern and Souifurn Htates, described their pos't.on iu these words—‘ that the North was fighlirg lor empire and the South for iodc pendence.” I quite accept the alter assertion, but ( deny that the North is lighting for empire, The men of the North are lighting ior what most men tight, and (or what unfortunately most men light with the utmoit Zeal —they ure fighting for dollars. (Hear.) l'hetr pos"i in now is exaotty the uouverse, in my huuitld opinion, what tbeir position was in the days of what was sailed the American lehellioo, when they wue them selves fighting to evade the tax-.s imposed by the mother eouatry. Tiiey were described in those days by one ot ihe r reutest poets in this country, a man equally remarkable lor hi > talents us a poet uud for the extreme liberality ol bis opinions. He went over to America fully Im pressed, us many others have been, with the per fection of American institutions. 11) remained there a t..w months, and he described them in these four short lines : “rtio6“'vauot’.ug demagogues who nobly rose From Kuglund’s debtors to be tlnglsnd s tore. Who could their monarch in their purse forget, And break their allegiance batlo cancel debt.” (Laughter and cheer* ) This wa3 tha opinion of an ultra liberal poet many years ago ; aad there fore yen will not wonder that people less liberal may not th uk very highly oi their position at present. But what IS the relative position ol the North und Mouth ? Mbj, the Norinstntrs twe their very ixistence to a successful rebellion Bettor ihe results ol that succibsiul rebellion, they would have bien, like ouv other colony of this country, subject to the Government of Eng i.iud, biihject lo trie tuxuiinn of Eugiaod, und vir tually su'.'ji c sofEoglaud, as 1 uui happy to think .ve nil ure. 1 don’t envy their separutiuu ; but if the Ncrtb -the United .States ot America—were jas'itted; as, douhtl es, they couctive that they were, in the act of r.brelion wfireh successfully sepai uted them Irom u o douiinioo of this couu try, 1 would usk, m the .rauie of cornu pa sense and of reason, upon what ground can the- Norther u S'.utea object lo the Soulberueis Io lowing pin oioely '.fio oxeuipte which they vhc-.iselvcs set not si vouti ytais ago? Why is it that wher ever one go- e lu ail pu[la of England, one always finds, thoroughly as 1 behove that the institution oi slavery is detested in this country, every man sympathising strongly with the Boutlicmeis, uod wishing tin in ill success? ( Iheere.) 1 do nut beg tbe question, hut all 1 can say is, that so tar ua my experience goes, throughout the length and brtuuih of ths Uud, whtrevtr I have trav elled, 1 never have ytt met the man who baa not at once suiJ, " My wishes ar: with the .Southern it...” Why is that? I think ihtr is more than cue leacou for it. In i)ie first place, the good sense ol Kogtishrm n has s iown them that the question ot nluvery must he ouiiroly eliminated It out 'hi) discussion ; that ts, altogether u thing apart, nod that it is mere hypociisy and baud lo introduce it. ‘J'litre is n > relereuee to the question whatev.r iu cousnier ng the relative position ot tho North uud the Houtli, or the relative pcsition ol this country with relereuee t> those two belligerents Th< u, why is it that we sympathise wub the Soul h, us I venture lo think, from the way in which yon have received my rtui ris? You agree «i h me that we all do. We do so lorthrse reasons first, they bate (ought, to do them justice, with u de gree ot gallatiny a most unexampled under cir— cjmstunccs of I lie utmost ditlieu ty, under eveny description ol privation; lh<y have lough! like li-to s lor their homts, tneir wives umi their chil dren. (Uheers.) That atone is enough to enlia) the sympathies ol Kugltuhmeu, and 1 trust iu God the tune will never come when it will not enlist their sympathies. But there ia still a stronger feeling. The turn of ev uts has resolved into this —Englishmen love l bc-rty, und the Bouthcruer is uol only lighting tor life, but lor that which is d*urer than Hie—his liberty. (Hear, hear) He is fighting hr hia home, lu* liberty ; he is tight icg uguioat oue ( I ih i most giindmg, one of the most ga'liug, one c* itu most irritating attempts io establish tyrsuu cm government that ever dis grace I the hlotoiy o* the wuill. (Übeeis) I venture lu think that that iu itself is sufficient ground lor wha'. I believe is the uoiver-a! synipu thy, with one or t.vo exceptions, which is felt on ihe present (.ecus oil toward the menu! the South. This frightful struggle has been going ou for i,cully two Tcurs, und I would ask whether it is possibl - in history to find records of such attempts at the establishment o ua undivided tyranny us is to bo (otiiid in the history si the last two months of the Northern .Slates There is no doubt that the great mens ol Englishman loathe tyranny iu all suapes, but they loathe more especially thedi scriptiou ol tyranny which has been practiced ou the inhabitants of the Southern States during the lust two ycais by what is ca led a republican gov ernmert. And ll that alone were not sufficren. to explain the strong letling in tavor of the Sou h which exis.s in tbis country, there is a tcnloid stronger reason for it, and thul is in the downright barbarism aud brutality -1 use strong words, but 1 c intend that they ure justified by tha circum static.s, and 1 urn prepared to abide by them— which has charters!.U thoee who have had the c induct of affirt in the Northern 8 atis. 1 have airtudy adverted to the proclamation which was lutely issued as a tardy and lame at tempt to induce the people of this couutry to be beve ihut this is uu "abolition” war, becuuse, after all, their legislat on and ail thsir acts have reteieuce to us aud our opinion of them They think ol nothing else. The only idea they have is what is said ot them in EnglanJ, and they have not heard much that will please them, 1 should think, tor eorna tme past (Laughter ) Tout proclamation rcully was u piece ol elau-trup in the first pluce, to catch the people of England. Look ut the rcul OKU'.iuig, and its r. al bearing The ob ject ot it was to encourage aad ann she blacks, to i..furisle these unfoituoaie aud mißguided peop e, io put arms in tbeir bauds, ..nd to generate merely (or purposes ot uggreesion upon meQ whom they cannot defeat in tojr tight, one of the most horri b'c massacres ot old men und children that ever disgraced the annals ot the world. That is the proclamation which has rna.re such a sensatou during tha last Kw weeks, and that is enough in iittlf to disgust ev.ry honest man with the author cf such a document. Bit there is worse than that. 1 ask you, is Unre any thing upon record that can be compared to the baibantica pract.ced by a certain Uenerul But e? (htar) upi n the dcfeDcelots mbab.tauts of New Orleans? Recollect that the inhabitants ol that uufortunato town are reduced re the old men, the women and children. Surely iu the rintteenih century, and iu a country that claims the .-lightest right to call itself a civ.l zed nation, the postiioD of old men, women und children would h ive es tablished some claim to sympathy and to tole rance, at least, if not kindness Bat w hatha- bea the effect upon this barbarian? Why, there is no act ot biutality which he has not been prepared to advocate aud to practice against deteuceivss wo men, und be has lot.owed tout up hy encouragiug, tn every possible pray, the butchery ol the whites by the blacks. This nus hem done in old blood and in opeu defiance ot all humanity and ot all emulation, and 1 ray that o loug as such acta are p. rtormei, and ure avowed by the Govern ment ot the Northern S ales, they cease to have a claim to be runked among civilized ualtous. t.Uear, hear ) 1 aui not asserting that there are uot hundreds and tbousuu sos men in the Norlheru States who are men of education, of tight aud of Christian feeitug, ot civilized habi a and ideas. Far be it Iroui me lo make eo un.oundcd an as irtiori But there are further lessons to be learned, the result o! lne»e much vaunted restitutions, whwi. we had b.ard praised betore, aud whiofi w« shall again hear praiaad by tho hired apouurs of ■te.-oc.euous, is this—that Uis nauou become so brutaliMd, that the civilised man disappears ; he is afrata to put himself forward ; he is ashamed of liis country; he hag no voice in the conduct of her affairs, and the whole nation ig turned over to men such ag Lincoln and Butler, whom 1 do nut hesitate to deaounce, after their conduct in the last few months, as men who are a disgrace to civilizstion. (Hear, hear.) j have ventured to think that there is but one rational, one juat, one beueficial conrs* for this countrv to pursue, and that uat once to reoog uite publicly and officially the independence of the Southern States. It appears now to be per fectly hapelesa that the North should ever con quer the South. There is no prospect of a ter mination of this horrible sacrifice of human life except by the recognition of the Southern Sum* by this country and by France; and, therefore, upon tbal ground alone, I venture to urge it* \V hat has been the effect of this war in America upon an immense portion of tiio population ot this country, and what is the amount of distress which is now endured, and that with an amount of patience, forbearance, sound judgment and good (ve'.iog which I say reflects honor upon the peo ple ot this country generally f What is the amount of distress which is being endured, and which can b* attributed solely to the effects of this w»rf Why, it ts incalculable. We are told day after d*y that the numbers of those who are suf fering are inareatiug. There seem 9 to be no limit to the extent of it. We are told that if cot ton were once introduced that distress would cease 1 say, again, with preeadsat in our favor, with the existence of enormous dull*** in Ike* AUGUSTA, UA., TUESDAY MORNING. DECEMBER 23, 1862. —I say without reference to pa ty, without reference to anything but wbat I believe to be iu dispensible to the welfare of tbis country, that wears bound at once to recogoz) lbs inde p.endenoo of the kioutnem States of America. — [Cheers.) Moa* FancHAL Baniaurr.—The recent orders of GcU. Millroy, who is “restoring the IJuion” in North western Virginia, aie good illustrations of the villainous and brutal propens ties of the Fede ral comma'-deis Mr. Parlous—a citizen of St. George, Tucker county—was recently oidered to lepoi l himself to tbe Federal official headquarters to “attend to business of vital importance” to hiintelf. On repairiug to the place designated by lie iusoleat Ohio Abolitionist, the following docu meat which Millroy had issued to his under offi cer was handed him : Sir—lu ecus, queue; of certain robberies which have been perpetrated upim l/mou cit.zena Tuckei couuty, \ a., by baudß of guerrillas, jou are hereby assessed to the amount os fourteen dollars and twenty live ($14.25) to make g -od their loss s; and upon your failure to couply with the above assessment by paying the money over to mo by the first day ol December, 1862, the l'ol.owing order will be executed, v.z . “1! they fail to pay at the end of iho time you have named, thur hou t-s will ha burned and thimaeives shot, and their property all seized. And ha tore that you carry out this threat rigidly. aDd show them that you are not iniliug or io be trilled with. “You will inform the inhabitants for ten or fifteen miles around your camp, on ail the roads approaching the town, upon which the enemy may approach, tha they must dash in and give you uolice, and that upon failure of any one to do so, thsir hous s will be burned and the men shot.” The Richmond Enquirer in noticin'* these sav age orders remarks thus : “The enemy have disgraced tbrmselves often enough heretofore, in the attempt to atiain mili tary advantages by inhuman aud cowardly expe dients. It will bo remembered to their Bhauie how, at Romney, they forced Confederate prison ers to march bolore. "them to prevent tho tire oi our forces. U will bu remembered how tho women and cb ldreu of Mempbi* have been held und pun ished ns hostages for Uontederuts soldiers out side We see it gravely proposed in tho march ou Wiinitngleu to torue Confederate prisoners to march ut the head of ibe.t: column. “ it is reserved for Miiroy to eclipse his com peeis in the exh bitiou ot this detestable cow urdice aud infamous baib.itity. Instead of rely iug upon his owe piel'ets and scouts, as he is bound to do, Le it quiiea citizens, on pniu of death, to do the woik of his soldiers, lie exacts ot flisui a duty which tuey Ireve no light to per torrn, anil he no right to require; aud he declares death to them, and u heap of ashes to their fami lies, ua the peuatty ot luituro. Instead of press ing bn niililury operations against onr soldiers, alter the rnauuer ts war, uud relyiugou vigor,cour age and adroi n isa, to compass hia ends, he dis regards those resources ot the true soldier, aud ul or the ,iauuer ol a coward, indulges a brutal revtnge ou unoffending und unarmed citizens— tu ns families liom their homes, rots, burns and uiurders. A ueiv rnethid, to be ture, in tbe art ot wur! A uoble hero a’isaa to win the admiru t on ol Christendom.” if General M.lroy executes his caveral threats iia made in InsoJ’deis, he will prove himself bim ply a tout and cowardly robber und murderer, instead of u. soldier. it would be simply absurd in case he should full into our power to refrain Irour shooting h ru down, or hanging him on the tirst tree. , Panning Lsathsu —Mr. Win. CiutchtielJ, of Goochland t.'jurt House, Ya.,bas furnished lo the Uichuioud Whig, the following details and re ceipt for tinning leather Mr. 0 eayu if, iu uny particular, they are not petfoctly intelligible, he will take pleasure Iu utlording uuy ttddnb Dal in formation lo any one who desires it; Pura water vat six feet equare, four :eoi deep. Liuie water vat —same. Vut for bark tour feet wide, foui deep, aud eight tong. Souk hides till iolt i.i pure water-front live to seven du>s —then ließh on beam. Beam lor breaking the India s.x feat long—a log, two feet diame er, split in two-unde 1 neutb hollowed out f r prop, to raise or depress. In the process of breaking, nee a knife two feet long wub shanks tor handies— kuife little rouuding. As soon us tl -sh is taken off, (oue hand will flesh -i dozen hidos a day,) the hides arc put iu the lime vat —weak solution— oao bushel lime—tirst tl ked. The vat not quite lull of water. Hides to be taken out every other day to air, aud re placed smooth—pUtog i or stir vat every time the hides are drawu. An iron hook, like ice-hooks to draw the hides As soon as hair will slip, thiew hides O'tr beam, Lair side up and rub w,th fleshing kn fe. Ths hair off', the hides ate put back in Vat of pure wa ter, au 1 lo remain there a d«y or two—then throw across the beam agnio, and with same 11 shing kuife, work out all the lime and remaining flesh. One baud will flesh oU hides a day. The process of bating may he emitted iu tau mug coarse leather. Tske the hides ns clean ub possiblo to the bark vut At tiist one bushel of hurk pounded or ground—this weak solution to ontiaue two days —and gradually streDgthruo j by udditiou of bark, suy one bushel daily. Keep it in two weeks; haudling und strengthening the liquor. Then dean out vul, taking out all the bark. — Throw in pounded bark —-put down one hide cover thut an inch thick with uurk and so ou, each hide. Let in water and let it rent lin n month. Aguiu clean out vat, reverse hides aud repeat op eratien—and let it remain a mouth. Again clean out vat and repent this eperntuu—and iemain another monih (L'hestuul oak haik iLe heat—though Spanish or black oak good.) Alter thud mouth, the hide being tanned, isiu ken out and bung upon piles. This is sole lealh er without further labor. That intended lor upper leather, halt dry, is oiled on the gr .in or ha;r side with a mop. Ke- Vtrs? Bide, aud grease heavily on fleshy side % pound tallow and pint train oil to a side mixeo. This mixture is prepai ed thus: melt the tallow slowly und take same quantity-of oil nixed and stirrtd in—alter it becomes cool, is ready for use. Then hang the hides in shade till dry. Large planters, of course, can carry on the tanning bus ness by themselves profitably. But a good made for sma ! l p'anters to adopt, is for each neighborhood, consisting of from three to six, to combine, construct the vats and divide the labor among themselves. They wi.l make as good leather, as they cow get, if not better, and they will get double the quantity they now receive from tbs tanners. Ths Cotton Excheksnt in India.—Tbe vtgo reus efforts put forth by England to obtain cotton from her owa colonics, have produced an extra ordinary degree of activity in lad a A Calcutta letter lo the London Titans says: •‘At present it is striking to observe the way in which cotton is pouriug into Calcutta. Ttisjet t.es on the ilooghly aud the turruckson ths tine are covered with great bags, unscrewed, and, in some cases, almost unsewn, no care has been shown in packing ft, aud little is given by the rail way officials in the transit. l’he road aud the river are often covered with it; natives as they pass, and the birds of the air, help themselves to it; and all because there are no screws in the in tei.or Yet, so largely bare prices risen iu the interior that it can Afford to pay the high rates demauded necessarily by the railway lor ccttou so packed. Little above til l y hundred weight of aneerwod cotton can be s'owed away in one wag on, »nd each wagon costs trom thirty to thirty fivo., upeee, and mat sum hardly pays. This ru pee a hundred weight to transport cotton from Agra and Allahabad to Calcutta, is due solely to th'dwant of screws The river presents a similar scene. Boats, which are as unsafe as they are ua wieldi and unshapely, are borne down by the current on to Cal&ulta. This is the result,of price.s having at last risen above the level of 1359, when they reached their hignest point during the past twenty years. Fortunately, too, tne rise took place about sowing time, and the act that native capitalists are eager for cotton gives the people, so often deluded by fickleness ot Manchester, con fidence in the permanence ol the rates. So long ego as the close of July, fifty tour shillings per pound of eighty two pounds was the rate st Mirzapore and Ghaxeepore, and this is higher than has ever been known. But the cotton seems to be most filthy, and has never been so much adulterated as within the last ten years. Former ly each kind ot cotton had its own peculiar failing, bat now all are bad alike. which had only seed, is now weighed in addition with stones and' dvrt, whiledlroach-wnd Dhollera, which were only dirty, are now as full of seed also as Comta. Worse than this, mixing has been added to the baser kind ot adulteration, and bad cotton haa been packed with all the well known and distinc tive marks of what is good.” Paaai&iNT Davis.—The Richmond Dispatch pays the following brief, but high compliment to President DaTii: “We believe that ths President deserves the most aalimited trust and respect of thejßouthern Oua C’aioir Abkgio—Ths thr.e rrench gen tlemen whose arrival has been telegraphed, are extensive -bankers, who visit Richmond upon professional business w.th the Confederate Gov ernmant. In this connection, the Richmond Enquirer makes the following gratifying state ment : “ It is gratiiying to know that cur Government has had proffers of loans irom the capitalists of a number of the countries ot Europe. Tbis luet, which we obtain from a source commanding our fullest confidence, tends to show better than al most any oiher manifestation, ’.be true light in which we are there viewed, and the purposes of the European Courts. The bankers of the Eu ropean capitals have ior.g been proverbial lor their far seeing sagacity, aad for their success in obtaining in advacc) of others aciura’e iuforma tion of the purp/ses of their tillers. Hence the exchange quotations are an accurate political as well as financial barometer. “ At tbe same lime that tlie gbove is true, we learn, wiib rqual ctrlai-aty, that Europe has been scoured for a loan by the United States au thorities, but scoured in vain. “ This preference of our credit over that of our foe is shown by men whose business it is to make ibtir investments accord ng t> their judgment upon facts. It tells of the cenSdance of the beßt informed in Europe in our iudep ndence, Bolven cy and funor.” Tbe outrages committed by the Fed ral soldiers in various sections are causing some of tbe Northern paprrs to ep ak out against them. The Chicago Tunss, in remarking upon them says : “ The reported conversation between Col. Ham ilton and Gen. Holmes, in Arkansas, should cause every true Ameiicau to btnsh with shame, in re membering that the outrages complained of by the latter gentleman vv< re perpetrated by Ameri can suldiirs. The barbarities o! Butler’s rangers in Wyoming valley have been cc'.'psed by those who wear the uniform ot the United States, aud are marshaled under the flag if the Union.— Closely foliowiug upon the compla ptg of General Homes, ccmes the int-lliginee of rapine, arson, and murder, committed by the army uuderGrant, in its marcji from Corinth to Greed Junction. If Ihe reports are true (and thsy ccme well aitlheu ticitjo,) it is time to'ai-k if, in ihe conduct of the war, a'l restraint and discipline ure to be thrown aside, end the soldiers o! our army are to to per mitted to exsre.se unlimited freedom in gratify ing the most revolting uud brutal pass ous that disgrace human ty. 'I he trail of Grant’s army in its late march, is one ot blood—the blood c-f peace able and ulc ßending inhabitants, many of whom were loyal c.tz.r.s, und oguiutt none of whom were there allegations that could justify tlie law lessness and cruelty practiced i pon them.^, If the outrages of the Federal soldiers are bad enough to cause a Federal newspaper to talk In this manner about them, they must be heinous in deed. The barbarities piacticed by tbe King of Duhurny are humaii'.: when compared with some of the acts of Lincoln’s troops. W c have male mention of the faettbut Judge Orr had been arrested in Missouii for simply de claiiug the emancipation proclamation of Lincoln “ unwise, impolitic aud uucalled for.” We are g’a 1 tq ste that oue paper in the North, at least, bus the manliness and courage to denounce such petti acts of despotism. The Harrishmg (Pa.? Union, iu giving the news, says of it : “ Fellow d.izecs, can you realize tbe fact? Does it seem possible to yon that such an act could be pirpetrai. and and the whole country not protest against it ? What! a ci'izen ui rested lor simply expreis ng his opinion upon the policy oi an act cf the President, and venturing to express a doubt as to the ability of the administration to carry out that policy lawful y, and iho people stand by iu dumb silence, tongue tied and para lyzed V Do we live in 'i'uikey or in Russia, or is this to-day the America wbea3 independence wsb won by the blood of the revolution? We have Leard ot the bow string and ibe kaout of Siberia, aud the dungeons of the Hultan, but these ure Asiatic and imperial amusements, suited neither to our temperaments cor our institutions , and yet how far are we removed Irom them if the person al liberty ot the citizen cun be thus trampled up ou with impunity i Men of America, bow your heads iu shame that this thing should be so.” {jjT* Referring to the fact that druggists to the Scuth have been imprisoned, and their properly coiifi cited, for sending medicines into our lines, the Religions Herald, of Richmond, upi.ropria'ely remaiks : “Our enemies prohibited tbe introduction of medicines iuto ihe South. Since the Federal oc cupation of Memphis and New Orleans, druggists iu those eities have been subjects I to the c mfiecu tion of their property and to impr sonment as fel ons, lor the sale of medicines that passed within our hues. Th ! s is an unmanly warfare against the lives of combutants aud uou-conibatauts alike —an inhuman effort to make dbcas3 fatal cot only to our men in arms, but also to decrepid age, and womanhood and infancy. How unsightly will It appear ou the page ot history, si ! e by side, with the magnanimous act of .Saiadiu the Great I When his mortal foe—!' e only foe he ever feared —Richard the Fire', fell dangerously ill, during a crusade iu the Holy Laud thiaSar ceocb cf sent him the fruit and Ihe euow, without which Fis disease could not be cured, an I saved his life ! Ab, we war against worso thau Saracen enemy, who plumes himself upon his eminent Christian prin ciple, butti atopies under loot every dictate of jus tice uud humanity. Shall we, in unj/ emergency, consent to wear tbe irou yoke which has been forge! for us? If he devotes us to death us a means of subjugation, must uot the subjugation be worse than death V” They seem to be having a sort of a “ ear nival of blood” iu Nashville. According to the local of one of the city papers, live men were murdered or fatally wounded iu that eity in one night lately. Tbe local serve* up the dish es crime thus : “Ore of tbe victims was Mr. Hollister, keeper cf the Commercial Hotel, who was knocked in the head by a soldier with a slung shot. A soldier who tvas on guard beyond the Chattanooga depot, shot another soldier the other day for refusing to halt Last nigh*, the comrade of tbe deceased man killed the guard. Capt. Wtiimiller, of the Bell vew Brewery, was so bed’y wounded that be is cot expected to recover. A man was slain on Colletre street. We have heard no particular* of his death. And we learn that a negro was the fifth victim of assassination.” Truly, things aopcar to be in a beautiful con dition in the subjugated Capital of Tennessee— and in fact in all other places in the Southern States, where the Federal* have rule. Annihila tion is far preferable, than be'ng under such masters. vr It appears from all accounts received, that Burnside is going to surpass even Pope in bar barity and cruelty. He appears to be a willing tool to carry out Lincoln’s infamous pioclamation. A ialy in Warrenton, wiiting to her husbnnd in Richmond, gives an account of the doings of bis army during the time they occupied that place. She says : “He permitted his .soldieis to burn, plunder aud steal every thing they could lay hands on.— All the wheat, corn, hay, bogs, almost everything the farmers near u* had left, were taken or wan tonly destroyed. Some of cur farmers hud not a morsel left them to sat, and some of them even lost their very bed clothes. Their fences were again degtrojed. Gardens in our own town all suffered —some families have not t single cabbage left. The tent* of the enemy filled the eye every where, and for »everal night* the adjacent moan tain* learned one vast aheetof flame, the wretche# having set the woods on tire. They have done all the harm this time they possibly could.” rjf A Federal paper in speaking abont what Gen. Resencranx is going to do, says : ‘‘After the occupation of Chattanooga by Gen. Kosencrans, he will leave a sufficient force there to hold the pi**#, and with the balance of hie arrnv move into Alabama and Georgia. There would be but little then to prevent an army at Mobile easily making a junction with Rosencranx, and thus occupying Alabama and Geoigia, and bringing those States back into the Union.” According to the gOGd Book, Metbaaeleh waa a very old man when be died. Bat if Gen. Rosen ersns carries ont the programme laid down for him by bis Abolition friends, we think the number of years he stays in this world of toil and trouble wilt far exceed tbe nnmber Mevhusaleh spent in it Coas i* North Louisiana. —The North Louisi ana Baptist, of the 4th inst., says: From all accounts, corn is a drug in tbe Looisi ana swamp, and can be had for almost any price. It la selling in Bossier for eighty cents, it is abundant in Claiborne and Bienville parishes. A large quantity is on hand. Bnch being the case, it ought to sell for a reasonable price all over the South. Pork should net be higher than ten or twelve cents per pound. ™ Wg ** T Sew* Summary. Gen. Bragg, a -hart time since, dimaedad of the F cderal General Rosenciaoz, that those now held as prisoners tor no o her reason Unu loyalty to the Coaiecerate UoVerameut, be teicsßed, ou tbe grounds that he (Rojj&auu*) had no right lo imprison cit zens iu their ~,u country, for their loyalty to their own Government Gin Rnssu cranz replied that citizens ot Teunissee are citi zens of the . mted States Government, and ihat disloyalty o the United States Government is sufficient cause ior their arrest and imprisonment, and di citnes to acceJe to Iho demands of General Bragg. Genemt Bragg then Informed General Rosencranz thtt he shall, in future, hold in close confinement a! oificers of the United States army captured by the forces o tha Confederate States under his comoaud, as hostages for citizens im-‘ prisoned by hib, and to carry this into effect bo has ordered oijofficers of the United States Army now at MirtjitSeboro’, to be sent to Chattauoogft for confint>tjsnt. Fifteen of those captured at Uuuisvm|aA‘--ii accordingly been sent to UhaHa ■loogfc' **'' On Tuesday morning, President Davis aad Gen. Joe Johnston passed through Atlanta on there way to Jackson, Mass , on a tour of insneolion of the YVestein army. The President will return hy way of Savannah aud Charleston, then by VYU miigtona'id the East coast of Nonh Carolina. The President ts in hia usual health, Gei.eral Johnston is tbe very picture of robust hi altb. and savs he is as sound as a dollar. We anticil pate the happiest results from this tour of inspec tion by the President; and we expect new life to be put into the army under the’control of the masterly mind of Gen. J. E. Johnston. Four persons, named Jessee id. Lowson, alias L J. North, Win M. Leake, W. B. King, and Eu gene Uortpn, broke into the Government Litho graph office, in ihe b xk building, over F'isher & Agtiew’s hardwsre store, in Uolumbiu, S. U , and sible a number of sheets of tho new twiuties, none of which have yet been issued. The parties have all been caught, aad are in custody. All the ab stracted sheet ■ have been recovered. Our “army of Tennessee” is composed of three corps—under Folk at Murfreesboro’, Hardee at Shelbyville, and Kuby Bmi'.h at Manchester— the whole under Joe Johnston, wild Bragg as second. Ueu. Hetb comuntuds iu East Teaucssee. Gov. Moore of Louisisna has called tho Legisia tuie of that State together ut Opelousas, to pro vide lor the exigencies of public defence, and such other milters cf special end general inures! as may deserve L'gislatiou. A gentleman from Memphis reports that the inrauers have about 80,000 men in the vicinity cf that city. A great many o! them eae raw recruits and dialled men. Tha visit of l’rcsident Davis to the Western army ut the present time is somewhat significant. There is » diversity ofopiuton about tlie matter. Large n uubers of mgroes are being sent from Louis*ana to Texas.. “Who are not speculators?” says the Macon Messenger, it a que.itiou that might well be asked at (bis time. An incident occurred in Macou which well illustrates the .‘act. A clergyman called at a store a saw days since, wishing to purcla.ic an i veicont. A fine one was shown him at the price oi forty dollars. The merchant received a considerable lecture on extortion, and the would bj purchaser was about leaving. Ho turned to the merchant and inquired if he would purchnsc some jeans, und offered ilium a*, live dollars per yard. The merchant then reminded him that tbe price of tbe coat in tho cheapest times was thirty dollars , and ihat ho had coded only twenty-five per cent, ou his articles, while tbe lecturer on extortion was asking tour hundred per cent, on his. The clergyman was glad to drop the subject of extortion. The halls iu which the Confederate Congress meets at Richmond have been improved. Now, if the members would improve, aud the next time they inert, legislate a little for the benefit of the c luntry, it would rejoice the heart of every tiue patriot. The Mississippi river at Nalchiz was rising on the 6th mat. * Uulets onr people soon gat to making iron in large quenti’ies, wa shall have tn iron famine equal to the Balt famine. There is no difficulty In procuring a bountiful supply, ts those who have ths means will go into the business. No country ou earth is richer in ores of the finest qualities than curs. Tho monntuiu regions of South Car olina, Georgia and Alabama abound with Irou. Mr. J L. Caramon*, of Lee county, in ibis Stale has manufactured a quantity of sugar und svrup It is cf a rich golden col >r, beautifully irrauulated, and entirely dry. Os this article, Mr. Larnmore has made about 12C0 pounds He has also made about 60 pounds of beautiful syrup, the whole having turned out au excellent operation. Under the auspices of Capt. Finnic, the Nitre Bureau of Mobile is ptoduciug and forwarding to Richmond fiom nine to twelve thousand pouods if nitre per month, and this quantity will le rap idly increased. Nothing vras beard from the gunboatsou yco.ter day, Thursday, two of them went up Yazoo, and when nearly opposite Sir. Blake’s place came in contact with a couple of torpedoes, which ex ploded, without doing any damage, however. The boats then fired four shots and immediately with drew.— V'icktburg Whig, \Zih. £§ Al last accounts Gen. Forrest was operating on tLa Memphis and ClarkeSville road, having de stroyed a portion of the track over that road und burned ths bridge over the Tenneessejat Danville Ou the night of Nov. 29, the giu heuse of I\ A. Lawson, Esq., who residtg near Tiffin, Ga., was burned together with thiriy hales of cotton, oats, So , anew gin and thrasher, a ca r riage and buggy house, and graiu house—damages at least $4 000. It was uudoubtedly the work of nn incendiary as three white man were ateu skulking around the premises by one or h’s beys. Planters should be watchful during thsse times —as there are bests of prowling thieves end desperate men about General Lawtcu has so far recovered from his wounds as to be able to return to Havanuah. Oce otour pickets was frozen la death at lump Lee, Vu , during the lata cold weather, for want of proper clothing. They that have the where withal to give should give liberally to provide for our gallant and suffering soldiers. Foreign Items. In England, the expedient adopted for ensuring the stability of tha circulation is peculiar. They ascertain by calculation the supposed amount of paper money proper to be circulated in the King dor . Th y then tako awuy Iromthe Banks—with immaterial exceptions—the power of makiug pa per money; they estibiish an institution culled the Issue Department of the Bank of England, charged with the single duty of makiug and i,-gu lating the paper money ol the Kiagdo c ; und they prohibit this institution from exceed, iv a deficit amount in its issues. The Dotes met uffic tured by this DepErtmem of Issue are simply handed over to the Banking Department ol the Bank of England engaged iu the bus ness ol .lie counts, and this latter nititulien finds itseli with no money which it can employ in loans, er ept the notes thus passed over to its till, aud the ends arising from regular basinets Mr. Ten Broeek, the American sportsman in England, waa lately swindled out ol SSOO by tet ting hat “ reindeer” was spelt “ reindeer,” in Stead of “raindeer,” the bet to be deeded hi the club's copv of Johnson’s Dictionary. Johuu uis the ouiy lexicographer who has this bad spell, and Mr. Tenhroeck’s antagonist knew the fact when he made the bet, for.wtiich he isto be tu uod out of the club. A paper ca'igd the “Index,” has been started in London to advocate the cause of the S. uth. Some of the ablest writers in England contribute to its columns. Its editorial rooms are the ren desvous of Southerners in London. The paper, already has proved a great success, and produced a political effect far beyond the most sanguine hopes of itsfriends. It has already taken its stand as a first class weekly. A gsntlemin, formerly of Mobile, and whose liberality in aid of Confederate soldiers nd of the genet al cause has been so often noted in Southern papers is ths munifleent supporter of ths Index. The new Turkish Ambassador of Pane brings seven wives with him. The French have chris tened them Meadames Monday, Tuesday, etc. a wife for each day. Galignani’s Messenger, of Pans, ofthe Ist November, says the brothers Cattabene (one o whom wag implicated i . the Paiooi robbe y,) said to be forming at l urin a legion lor Amerto-, with the authorisation of the Italian Government. The sum of one hundred thousand pounds ster- I raised by subscription tor the relief of dis tress in Lancashire, has been found totally made- SSVo provide for the actnai wants of recipi ents of this charity. The army of Austria consists of 783,544 men n f Prussia, 719,095; of Russia, 350,000; of France, aas 000- of Great Britain and India 684,823; of Denmark, Bweeded, Spam, Portugal, and Italy, SOS 497' making a total of 8,771,780 men The an* nai ’coat of maintaining, clothing, and paying these meD at an average of £4O a man, is over £150,- 000 000, which added to £120,000,000, an amount which so many able-Dodied men wonld produce if engaged in useful labor, makes an annal loss to the wealth of the European continent of nearly £800,000,000. The French Minister of Marine hss concluded a contract with a firm at Marseilles for the con struction of five steam sloops, to be attached to the Toamn fleet, and to be delivered within a brief period A letter from Accra, We«t Coast oi Africa, dated ' Special Corretro.ide/ioe oj the Chronicle & Sentinel. GEORGIA LEGISLATURE. MILLSOUSViU.iI !'. 13 t>EN ATE In the Senate to dry the House tun-n.lnients to the bill to pro ids two regiments State -pa, were concurred in. A message from the Governor iu r- eronce to tho Conscript lew and the election of officers by volunteers nasread, wheig Judge Gibaoc moved to lay it ou the table until next session. Ho sta ted tha custom in the army of fi ling vacancies by regular promotion down to junior second Lieu tenants, who were elected. He thought the mes sage of the Governor calculated to produce dis content and mutiny, though he aid not think it was so designed Ha believed that there were influenses at work, whether designed or not, to cripple the administration ; but President Davis would in spite of them carry ns safely through tho itruggle. Mr. Jackson offered o. eer'es of resolutions, sustaining the measure of the Gov ernor—declaratory of tho right ct the volunteers to elect iheir own officers. The Senate then adjourned to halt oast three o’clock. lu the al'ternooo, the resolutions wore taken up, and 'aid on the table. The mcssi g-. was not acted on. Beth Houses are in session lo night, chit fly for the purpose of signing up bill*, Ac The se ision to-day, especially iu the H aas has een quite a noisy one. he Senate was iu executive session this a ’ r nooo. D,is understood that a nomination for the Judgeship of one of the vatant rircnau war tinder consideration, and that no nomination wai agreed upon HOUSE. Ir. the Ucas), this morning, a motion w’s made to re-oousider the bill to organize two regiments ot State troops. Mr. Lee favored the motion, on the ground tba‘. Slate troops mill affect an unnecessary aud ruinous expense upon Ihe Treasury. Capt. Burke opposed tUe uiotiou. Judge Love lavored the motion, torthepurpr so ofudopting the original bill, which woal t take ihe troops from hose now sabj ct to consciiption. Mr. Stephens opposed the motion to re consider, and took occasion to disclaim ail hostility to the President or the exe cution of the Conscript Law. The motion to re consider was lost. Mr. Washington moved to re-cousi-.ler (ha Senate amendment to the appropriation bill al lowing extra compensation to the journalizing clerk The motion prevailed, aad (he clause was lost. Mr. Gaudier moved tn p musider the clause allowing Mr. Tow -at* $lO 0 for c >rtaia se- vice.— The motion was lost. 001. Thread had it seems,, dircov -rod up on or in the issue of the br ads of the Stuff) by which be Saved the State $60,000. The investigation cost him . much time and expense in visiting and cmfsrriag with parties in different parts of tti * Suite, an 4 the extra compensation seeing to be well deserved. o.i motion of Mr. Adams and Clark, the clause to increase the salaries of Ihe Governor's Stcrataries to SISOO was reconsidered and list. The resolutions in reference to certain trophies captured by the 18‘Ji Georgia, were adopted. The trophies were eubsiquently exhibited in each bouse, and were rtc.ived standing, in token o! respect for ihe gallant cantors. Mr. Daßcse ami Air Washington in t- e House und Rev. Mr. Echols in the .Senate, spoke felicitously on Ihe occasion. A bill to charter the Southern Express Compa ny, was amended to the Confederate Express Cos., and passed. Judge Cabiness reported a statement from the committee ou the addendum to tho Journals oi tlie House made by tbe Governor, at the cioso of the last session, in reftrence to the state of tbe army. Tbe report concludes by declaring that the Gov.-rnor, to ordering a private, unofficial pa per of hia own to be attached to tho journals as an appendix, usurped a power which did not be long to him. The report was spread upon the jourrai A biff 1 1 3eltlo a‘l conflict between tho Code, pus ltd; a bill to incorporate the South Georgia aud Florda KsiToad Oompauy, passed; a bill to i». reuse jailors’ fees fifty percent; a bill to exempt persons liable to professional tux irom the same, wire are ia he service, passed. A bi’l to regulate testimony—relates to coua terleit mouey - makes parties witnesses. It was made the special order for tbe first day of the adjourned ereslon. In the afternoon, tho House refused to recede from its disagreement to the Senate amendment to the appropriation bill. A committee of con ference was appointed. A resolution was adopted authorizing the Gov ernor to furnish one copy ol Waters’ Pamphlet of the acre of tne se.-sion to each county. A bill to confer banking privileges on the At lanta Insurance company Passed. Another bill was takm up, and oa taking the vote, it was found that there was not a quorum present, whereupon tho House adjourned to 10 o’clock P. si. Both Houses adjourned until April, without doiAg any further business. Thb Nuw York CoJiTaimmoNS to England’s Poor —i he New Yorkers are subscribing money and provisions, to bes ns *o England lor tbß relief of tbe Lancashire sufferers. They call it charity, but it is simply shrewd Yaukce calcula tion. They know that whatever Lord John Rus sell’s pot! lion, the people of England by an ira mence majority, warmly sympathise with the Confederate States, and desire Iheir success.— They know that the sufferings of the English ope ratives are calculated to it flame these sentiments, because due solely nnd entirely to the atrocious atemptoftbe Yankee States to deprive tis of ou libeities aad reduce us to serfdom. They know that English pntienc -, sorely straio ed already, may any moment give pines to on outburst of honest v7ia*h that will cither force Lord John Russ 11 into compliance with the peo ple’s views on the American question, or displace him for oue si®i arly alfee ed with themselves. Hence this disinterested charity ! They hwpe that a fez* thousand dollars, a ship lea l of flour and pork and be&ns and onions, will allay the ro - s’.ntments and peihaps win the fa7or of those on whom they have brought such terrible suffering as now n:ake3 Lancashire send up a general wait. It ia no new thing for the people who live in the laud of notions to felicitate their consciences on deeds done m ths light of self-interest. It has ever been thus with them. Indeed, what taey call conscience ia gi.nplv au ally and guardian of the purse, and never in its way. Propose to them a work of benevolence which demands a real sac rifice, however small, and immediately tbeir con science erects itself, sword in hand, to defend tbe door ofthe treasury. Hence, while they would deplore the terrible enormity of slavery their faithful conscience would not allow them to contri bute one dollar towards the removal of a single felt w —Richmond Enquirer. Fredericksburg- The town of Fredericksburg, Ya., having suddenly become a poiut .cn which public inie cst ceoties, we deem it appropriate to j give a brief description n; the place. It i3 plea- j santly situated ia a fertile valley, lr. Spotsylvania j county on the South side of lbs Rappahannock j river, at tbe bead of tide water, 65 mti-s North of j Richmond and 110 miles above Chcf-p'ake Bay. j The population m 1860 was 5,080. The town was j named in honor of Prince Frederick, father of | George ID, end was established at cn early period j of tbe colonial na. It contaicsaCoui f Hour , *ev- i eral chuicbes, an oif-ba i asylum, three banks,- gev-ral mills and foundries, three semi «• oekly j newspaper offices, etc. lbs Rapp thaw.ock af- j fords valuab’e motiic i ower, available at tLe tails j above. A canal extending to a point forty miles i West of the town, affords means of tr iss,,oi tmiou j foe the products of . rich framing countiy, ur,d j the Richmond, Fredericksburg au i Potomac Rail j Road connects the city with the State Capital, j Just beyond the limits of the city an unfinished : monument, begun in 1888, marks th? tomb of the ! mother of Washington, who died there ia 1789. T*g Change in East Tenues see.— Henry j better known in East Tennessee as ‘Buster Hen r y ” who has beau ou r of tie most notorious Union leaders in that country, and who went so far as to aid the enemy, lor which he wag arrested, hu written a letter iu which he lays: I have learned to my regret and astonishment, that Mr. Lincola has issued a proclamation of free dom to all the slaves in the bo called rebellious States. This act, of i self cuts asunder every cord that boandme to the old Union; and I now declare most so’omuly, that my future life and conduct, as well as my destiny, are with the establishment of the Confederate States. I do furthermore promise, if permitted to do so, to devote my lite and prop erty, and all that I have, to the support of the Confederate Government, and in all things to de mean myself as a loyal cit zen. I will further add that, if deemed necessary, I am ready and wiling to take the oath to support tbe Constitu tion of the Confederate' States, and the laws made under it. Also, to give bond and surity in any reasonable earn required of me for the faithful performance of the same. Battl# in Arkansas—Hindu an Victoeiobs.— We learn that General Hindman’s Confederate forces attacked the enemy at Fayetteville, Arkan sas, gave them a sound drubbing, and captured four nundred prisoners. Hindman ia the officer to execute the order of the President in regard to ) the execution of ten officers as a retaliation for | the shooting of the like number ot our officers and privates,— Jaci*on Murimppian, D*c 12. — The recent Indian outbreaks, in Minnesota are ■ ascribed by the Federal commissioner for Indian I affairs to the efforts of secession ageots operating j through British tor traders. VOL. LXXV.---NEW SERIES VOL. XXV. NO i JCOMSIDVIC ITKD TO CHROXIOLK A BKNTTNRL ] Sontliern Education, Soatueru School*, ! Southern Teach ora *i!d Southern Hooke. What an- Ure aapTaUm.'j of the Souther a mind, a minium to the fierce contest now waging be itVeeu us and tbe North? De they pouit mare!/ to a deliverance from the usurped domination ot our former allies, and tho establishment of the forms of a free Gove, ament? If this were the oxtent of our hopes and purposes, desirable as they may be, it would hardly compensate tor ths prodigious wa3te of life and treasure which it has already cost. But we are confidant that such is not the fact. Our fertile soil and genial clime, adapting i*self to almost every variety of pro duction . our large, ineruauatibie mineral wealth; our unsurpassed facilities for manufacturing pur - poses, for domestic tn.de uud foreign commerce, especially our growing people, with all their chivalric instincts and intellectual yearnings, ob viously fit it for a far nobler destiny than it was possible to obtain under the vassalage of a North ern oligarchy. Southern commercial eonveu tionp, auti-tai iff county meetings aud resolutions, however ineffectual they may have been to ob struct the old channels of intercourse and trade with the North, for which they were intended, have, nevertheless, not been ineffectual as proofs of a mighty power and Lie in the Southern heart, ar,d of its strong out-goiugs after a higher aud more independent state ot political existence- This war, like that of the lirst revolution, has forced tbe people against whom it uc.s boon un constitutionally and iniquitously waged, into a position of decided and bitter hostility, not an ticipated or wished by them at the beginning. The result, however, of this prolonged and unre lenting spirit of opposition to the South, has been to create a corresponding feeling of haired towards the North and to everything emanating from it. We are now sustained in this, tho most eventful contest that has ever bean carried ou between a people of the same stock aud language, with the mo3t sanguine hope, notwithstanding the enemy who is preying on our substance at home, that ere long we will achieve a triumphant emancipation from those with whom we have hitherto been so closely connected. Yes, Ire - peat it, the Southern heart is animated and buoyed up with the expectation of an early and glorious independence—not in name and for m and govern ment rights only—but iu the solid, substantial realities of a sell sustaining, self-supplying, self protecting nationality. In order, therefore; that we may the sooner begin to realize and enjoy that state of affairs above described, we must be up and doing, and piocraatinale no longer the use ot those means by which it is to be brought about. Without farther prnfac , we introduce our subject to ths considfr ation of the.good and patriotic of the land, and especially to the attention of -urlaw makers now assembled, and ask the quest on, what more im portant business can occupy at least a portion of their time and action than supplying the rising generation with proper education? A Govern ment that does not contemplate the insti notion of its children iu tlie various branches of educa tion and make ample provision therefor, is a po litical monster without eyes or arms. Antiquity does not afford such an example among nations entitled to be regarded as civilized. That great man, Daniel Webster, in a speech to the ladies of Virginia, said, “ pour instruction on the heads ol the people, you owe them that baptism.” Bacon, in an aphorism which all remember, bad before suia, “ knowledge is powor,” but the former quotation is au enlargement of the thought. It makes “knowledge” not only “ power,” bui to a certain extent, virtue, at all events, progress, dignity, happiness aud perhaps destiny. Above all, it gives life to the cold maxim of tbe philoso pher and sends it forth warm with moral power to arouse to beneficent action tha wise and the good. The wise and- tße good and the patriotic must take the hint and, instead of pluming our selves on onr past achievements, we must press on to that which is before us iu the future, con stantly ‘‘pouring knowledge on the heads of the peoplo.” I es, tho people; until knowledge shall run to and Iro union »t them. Until wo do this, we will be unfaithful to the high trusts and res ponsibilities committed to our hands. It has long sines become an axiom—und so just and true is the sentiment, that no one will question it—that virtue and knowledge are indispeusable to the success of a Republic. We would be offending the intelligent reader to elaborate this point, or to attempt to say more at this time on the im portance of Southern education. This beiog fully admitted, we proceed to state three other propositions; viz: First—Our children should be educated in their own country, at home ; it may be in sight of their own domicil. Secondly—They must be taught by native home born teachers. Thirdly—They must learn from native books. To the first point then wo suy, that we might es well think ot impo ting water and air for the support and life of the people, es of expecting to see them acquire and obtain their education abroad. The thing is impracticable—tha para mount objection, it there were no other, is the immense expense it would incur. The idea of educating the masses Irom borne is too vißionary for a moment’s serious contemplation. If howev er there is any one disposed to sustain the propo sition that it is cheaper aad better lor the State to send away annually, a certain number ot her children to be educated abroad than to suply the means for having it done at home; our reply to such an one is briefly this, viz: that such a pro cess of educating the youth of onr country would defeat the great object and end to be attained by home instruction, wnich is the adaptation of tbe thoughts, Bentimeuta, habits und associations of *ke child with those with whom it expects to live —and to that peculiarity of customs and institu tions of the country in which his lot in after life will be cast. We need not enlarge or press this point. It is a mere waste of time to attempt to defend foreign education. If we had nothing else in theory to say against it—tbe practical illustra tions of how badly the thing works, in the ruin of so many promising young man who otherwise would have been blessings and ornaments to their native land, is enough to set our faces forever against the uupatriotic and ruinous system of sending children from home to be educated. Many a wealthy man who has attempted to make something more of his son, by sending him abroad to school or college, than his neighbor could of hia son by keeping him at home, has lived to sre that son return lull of prejudice and poison to the people and boms of his birth. Disgusted and indifferent to what was going on about hilfc, he becomes n mere cipher in the community, of no use to himself or country, whilst on the other hand our home educated boy grows up a useful member ot society—loved and honored by all. It is not merely a negative feeling of opposition to one’s country that is implanted in tue mind of the youth when being educated from home, but often lie comes back an alien at heart to bis own peo ple and native land, and feels deep hatred to those with whom be mu3t now associate. Then, alas has foreign education deformed the character, changed and embittered the sentiments of too many of our sons who otherwise would huve been blessings to their native land. In this connection we are proud to admit that i there has been very much done to secure lor I ourselves home instruction and to prevent j our youtb Irom pursuing the higher branches of i their education, or getting their professions i abroad. We cannot too highly extol the patriotic j and enterprising spirit which has been displayed : by so many of our great aud good men, and to the i dead be a 1 honor and praise and gratitude to | their memories for this service to their country, i in the establishment of so many schools and [ colleeges tn our Uonlederucy, and especially in I this, our own beloved Georgia. But great as is our i admiration aud tuuaklulaess for what has already I been done in this respect fir oar country, tha ; work is far from being complete, either as to umbei character and variety. Where for example have we a normal school for the education of I teachers, as distinct a profession as that of lawyers, I miuuters and physicians ? Where have we any i institution, with distinctive featnres for the educa tion of mechanics, farmers or manufacturers ? We must have a complement of such school to meet the entire wants and necessities of Ue people, from the primary school to the highest university, and adapted to ail classes, and to all the learned as well as industrial pursuits. We have said our children must be educated at home. Wo now say in the second place, they must henceforth be trained and taught by home Dsrn, native teachers. We cannot be too guarded on this point. We musthereaiter prohibit by tbe severest penalties that can be enforced the introduction of foreiga teachers in onr midst. If we do not, shame, humiliation and ruin wiil soon come npon us as a people. This is the Troian horse, my countrymen never iet it enter within your walls. ‘‘Timeo Danaos et dona fereutes.” We would again impress the thought that if weare hereafter to depend on foreign teachers to inatrnct our children, we may as well begin to prepare now ' for future changes and revolutions, for the one will follow the other. There may have been some excuse on the ground of necessity for having our schools and colleges filled ” with northern teachers and professors; that necessity no longer exists; and even if it did in some parts of our country, sooner far let the door of the school house be barred and the child left to learn something when and where he could in after life, than for a foreign teacher, man or woman, to pass its threshold. The foreign ad venturer who brought to his friend a bag' of barley and therewith strewed the thistle broad cast over all our fields was a thrice told blessing in contrast with itinerant Northern teachers whose hie hae boo, and whose chemistry and philosophy are only th* vybiclea by which they a!! the mental food the Southern people have had *.or years pas*. This long desired revolution roe begun must now roll onward and forward It iu os*, e ladical aud thorough in every respect and particular bui in none more so than on the question wo ure uuo endeavoring to submit for public consideration. li we wish at ouce to begin .lie ia, e oi prosper! ty and greatness and reap the early fruit of our labor to make our government independent, must no longer telerate foreign teachers to come iuto our houses, into our academies or to enteY our colleges. If any of our people are ltviug iu a destitute portiou of the country where tbe school house cannot be opened unless it is occupied by a teacher imported from abroad, let it remain closed, and let mothers and fathers undertake the duty of teaching their children themselves, no matter how plain and simple and limited it may be, sooner than send them away, or bring into their neighborhoods these forign teachers, whom we emphatically style wolves in sheep’s clothing But Ist us rejoice that there ia no irecessity for this now. We have tho material in abundance for making good teachers of our own. We must do it—make leaching what it really is, an honora ble business, a profession of the highest giade und dignity in tha land—then we shall have «*s tine teachers escau b 8 find any where. Way not? We come now to notice our third ponit, viz : that our children must ns* in t heir education home books. We may as well import our te.icheis aud professors as to import our school aud collage tex* books. Hithei to we have doaa boili, let os ia the future do neither. There is uu truer doc trine than that of the Prussians, ‘ Whatever you would have appear in the life ot u nation, you must put into its schools,’ that is, into its school bonks. Whatever a child seas or learns iu a hook appears os infallibhi wisdom aud .-t soon become, so hardened into tbe brain that the error cannot be easily removed. How lasting are early im pressions, and what consequences eubus from them. The poison of a taies principle in morals or a violence done to the mind ot youth carries its blight to the soul as swiltly and as purely us the virus of an adder’s bite is conducted by ibe life blood to the heart. Not more certainly will ths rude gash upon the tender sapling appear in the oak ot centuries, than will tho moral and intel lectual injuries inflicted iu childhoo i appear in corresponding distortions in the sugo of four seoreyeurs. Guard, therefore, with ever ceaseless vigilance, tho preparation and matter ot your school books, as in time of war, you guard the wells and springs of the land from the poison of the enemy. Tho style, the examples, the illustra tions and the whole drift of such books partake more or less of the character and sentimeuts of their authors, whether foreign or domestic, and there is ofteu educational power for good or evil tn utmost every lice contained in them. Iu view of the magnitude o: this subject, let the Govern ment take immediate charge oi it—lot efficient means be at once inaugurated whereby he wants aud necessities of the people iu respect to educa tion may be thoroughly understood and properly supplied. It is a duty worthy oi the, most gifted intellect, aud the man wro will apply biuisolf <u it with that energy aud devotion wnich tho work is capable of inspiring, will earn for himsell a reputa tion aud a name that will grow (rentier und brighter as each generation comes upon the stage of life. Ovkrtov. , [COMMUtiICATin.J Mr Editor : — ll io a u;a‘L of some surprise to mi that Chicory q’uould he preiiouiicedl o “best” substitute for Goffee. Without deairiirg to pro voke a controvuisy on its merits, I must say that the sweet potato is for b * .- and more nearly approximates the articly ocoo sold throughout the country called coffee. Having used Chicory only to a limited extent, i an perhaps not well enough, advised of its superior qualities us claimed for it by the grocers, to sponk “ox cut ledra.” 1 could however always distinguish an earthy taste, a peculiarity belonging to mots, or shrubs. It may he entirely harmless—of its medicinal pro perti.-s, I kno • nothing—l desire only to intro duce thesweoi n< :ato. This I hayou.-ed with nut punity and tip. most satisfactory? results. Gore breed with coil'.: re the proporti >u oi two pans potato aad one of coffee, it makes a most palata Old and rcfreahingdrink. I. possesses ihu strength of coffee and bus th<r richest aromatic taste. I think it not inferior to chocolate. Another ad vantage claimed for it is, that it does not have that black sediment scan in the combination oi chicory und coffee. And when the coat is con sidered, no family would us3 chicory at 60 to 75 cents per pound, when sweet potatoes ure not worth at any time, above the fift j part of it. The process ot preparation ia simpie—select the larg est potatoes, pair and slice them as if for trying. Then cut mto strips and slices, these strips into sizes of backgammon dices —dry in the tun and parch us cottbc can be ground in a coffee mill. Pro Bono J’cblco. ACKNOWLKnasMSNT or (Jonfkdbrati Bravurv. — A correspondent of a Northern paper writing from Uorinth concerning the late battle pays the follow ing compliment to our troops engbged in that contest • II iu the current testimony of all who witnessed it, that the charge made by the rebel column on our breastworks on Saturday, has no parallel in this war lor intrepid, obstinate courage, and none to excel it in history. I havo conversed with many officers, of ail grades, who express this opinion, aad make no attempt to conceal their ad miration for the men and the discipline that conld face the murdetous leaden form o, cur forces and batterie.?; sweep across the field with closed ranks, despite tho yawning gaps made by every discharge of our guns ; and actually mount onr Woi k3 and plant their b.nnere* there, lu the ago ni aof the do.ttli fctrure'ie. The 2 I Texas iutan try, under Util. Rugere, tend the charge, «nd the colonel himself f-.ri ou tut breast wonts, with the color of his re n-nt hi his hand A piece of pa per was sou under hre clothing, giving liis name, age, rank, command, and the address of inends. After the battle but four of hm entire regiment were left alive and three of these were wounded and all taken prisoners. Cukap Wa uuis.— Mr. T.C. liol>3on, ot Greene born, Ala., who has witnessed an economical and gratiiying experiment in the wabhiiig line, give it to the public thus: With a qu.retiLy o! Buckeye root, washed and sticud, a tub lull of hot water was readily and ra pidly made into “suds.” lathis mixture a num ber o! various colored woolen garments were speedily washed free of all dirt and all stain, with out tha least perceptible injury to any of the tex ture.). On the contrary, the washing had the ef iec! ot fixing untt brightening all th colors.— Even those prints thattadein water alone, were left intact and as beauttlui as new Tbe mixture was allowed to became lukewarm before immer sio •• the cloths, and two tubs full were used iu the process, carrying ihe or -ides washed from one into the Other. I knew this tac: many years ago but tbis is the first time that I have seen it tr‘®d ;t washes silk as nicely as it do s woolen goods Epsom Balts.—One of oar most enterprising salt boilors, who hau been awake to all new enterprises by tbe block* Jy and our condition of enforced ind.pcndenoe commenced some careful expen.-cents ns to the elimination of medicine is the Sulphate of Mag nesia It obta ned its commercial name from hav i„e beeu obtained from a spring at Epsom. The mode first adopt J lb» obreinreg it was by evapor trtreg and chryetalizlng the bitter depositremain iu-r after preparing common t»lt from seawater. * » Epsom rills ate not only valuable H3 a medicine, bat uu a source whence common Magnesia is largely obtained.” It is also made by dissolving magnesian lime stone or c rpenttne rocz in strong sulphuric acid; and, acordreg .o another, 13 largely prepared Irom soapstone («• ante) wareb is a sillicato of magna aia. A Bactihoks.vn in Fuar Lyiraria.—The New York Freeman’s Journal, in speaking of the confinement of political prisoners in Fort La fayette, thus speaks of a distinguished citizen of Baltimore-. Oar heart bleeds when we think cf that venera ble member of the Battimoie Bar, T. Parkin Scott. We saw tbia accomplished gentleman at Fort La layette, day after day, silting down to the bad sol diers’ ration:—interior and badly cooked pork, served on filthy tin plates, accompanied by brown bread add a hot decoction ot bnrnt rye and moias fes—without milk—called, by way of jest, coffee. His scant and thin straw pallet on an iron stretcher was placed on the damp bricks of a battery, among the guiiß of tue fort, aud surrounded by men of every degree of social culture, and every kind of moral habits. This is the way free born men are treated in Lmcoidom because they see fit to differ with the J powers that be. Balt Wore*. —The Charleston Courier gives 1 statistics, from which it appears that there are, within the city limits, one hundred and twenty salt work* in the course of erection or in opera tion, which produce an average of eleven bushels per day each, or eight thousand bushels per week. The number of boilers of different sizes i* seven hundred. About four thousand cords of wood per week are consumed. The cost of these works, in the aggregate has been estimated fit the lowest at two hundred and fifty dollars. The cost of the wood consumed daily is averaged at eight thousand dollars, or nearly fifty thousand dollar# per week. The total aggregate, allowing for band# engaged and other items, would swell the amount to neai* half a million dollar* per week.