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The following ivan authentic copy ot'.fien.
Hubert I I.ee'ji official report-of the “Penn
sylvania Ohmfmign .
Alt Aug's Aisvr Northern Va., I
•July 31st, 1803. j
Uni. 8. Cooper, A. £■ /. Urn., Richmond, 1 •'</.:
(*r\krai. I have tlie honor to submit the
1 • >ll,>vvin ■' outline of the recent operations ol
Hi ir. array fo* lbe information of tin* depart
ure nl :
Tlie position occupied hy the enemy oppo
site Fredericksburg being one in which ho
could not lie attacked to advantage, it was (Te
torinined to draw hi in from it. 'the execution
of this purpose embraced the relief of- the
Shenandoah Valley'limn the troops that liad
occupied the lower part during the winter and
spring, unit, it practicable, the transfer of the
Keene of hostilities North of the Potomac.
It was thong 1,1 that the cones ponding move
ment.; on the pait of the enemy, to which those
contemplated by us would probably give rise,
might oiler a fair opportunity to strike a blow
at the army t ereiu, commanded hy (ten. Hook
er, and, that in any event, that nrruy Would be
compelled to leave Virginia, and possibly to
draw to it; support troops designed to operate
i g dust other parts of the* country. In this way
it was supposed that the enemy’s plan ol cam
paign lor tire summer would he broken up. and
part of the reason of active operations be con
sumed in the formation of new combinations,
mid tic preparations that they would require.
in addition to t tese advantages, it was hoped
that othui valuable results might be attained by
military success.
Aetn.itn i by these and other important ron
sidc rati ms that may hereafter be presented,
the mow mefit began on the 3d June. Mchaws’
division of lsmg.street’.s corps left .Fredericks
burg for Culpepper (V IF. and Hood s division,
which was encamped mi the Kupidan, marched
to the name place.
They were followed on Ihe 4th and nth by
Ewell’s corps, leaving that of A, 1“. Hill to oc
cupy our lines at Fredericksburg.
The march of these troops having been dis
covered hy llio enemy on the afternoon of the
sth, nnl the following day he crossed a
force, amounting to about one army corps, t,,
the south side ol Rappahannock on a pontoon
bridgoffuid down near the mouth of Deep Run.
Gen. iliil di-posts) of Ids command to resist
their advance ; but as they seemed intended for
the purpose of observation rather than at
tack, the movements in progress were not ar
rested.
The force? of Longatreet ind Ewell reached
Culpepper Court linust-by t\e bth. at which
point the cavalry. under (Jen. txtuart, was also
poll central ed.
•* ()n Hie 9Mi n l.ii'ee foie * of Federal cavalry,
strongly Btippi uted hr infantry, crossed the
R ippahqnnock at Beverly's and Kelly's Fords,
and attacked l>en. ?tu;ut. A severe enguge
ment ensued, continuing from early in the
morning until late in the afternoon, when the
cncmv was forced lo recross the river with
heavy loss, leaving four hundred prison (is,
three pieces ol uilijery and several colors iu
i llr hand*
(fen. Jenkinh, with his cavalry brigade, had
been ordered to advance towards Winchester to
co operate with the infantry in the proposed
expedition into the lower valley, and at the
same time (Ji n. Inihodcn was directed, with Ids
command, to make a demonstration in the di
rection ol Romney, in order to cover tiie move
ment against Winchester, and prevent the ene
my at that place lioni being reinforced by the
t mops on the line id the lidtiinore and Ohio
Jiailfoad. lioth of these office's weio in posi
tion when (Jen. Ewell left Culpepper Court
House on the Itlth. Crossing the Shenandoah
near Front Royal, he detached Kodes’ division
to llcrrvville, with instriu t ons niter dislodgimr
the forco stationed tliere, to eat off theoommn
niention between Winch, ster and the Potomac.
With the divisions ot l*.uly and Johnson, Oen.
Ewell advanced directly upon Winchester,
driving the enemy into his works around ihe
town on the' 13th. On the as me (lay, the
troops at lVrvvi le fell hack before (}cn. K.hlcs,
rotrealine to Winchester. On the 14th, (fen.
Early stormed the works at the latter place,
and the whole army of (Jen. Mllroy was enp
luixkl or dispeised. Most of I hose who attempt
ed to escape were intercepted and made prison
ers bv l«en. Johnson. Their leader tied to
Harper's Ferry with a small party of fugi
tives.
General Bodes marched (rom ISerryville t >
Martins burg. entering the latter place on the
L4tli. wliere In- took seven hundred prisoners,
jive pieces of at tilleiy and a considerable quan
tit'- of store There operations cleared the
valla* ot the enemy, those at Harper's Ferry
withdrawing to Mary land Heights. More than
four thousand piisoners. twenty.-nina pieces of
aitillery. tao hiimlred and seventy wagons ami
ambulances, with lour Imndred horses, were
onptmed. besides a large amount of military
store . Our loss \*w small. On the night that
jovcli appeared at Winchester, the Federal
troops in IV. lit of A T. Hill, at Fredericksburg
reerossed the Rappaharfnock, and the nest day
disappeared be lind the hills of Stafford.
The whole tinny of General Hooker with
drew tiom the line of the Rappahannock. pnr
suine the ro ids near the Fotomae, and no fa
vorable opportunity was offered for attack.— ;
]t seemed to lit* the purpose of Gen. Hooker to
take a poi lon which would enable hint to co
ver the approach to Washington City—with a
view to draw him further from his base, and at
ttir same time, to cover the mareh'of A. P Hill,
who in accordance with instructions,left Frede
ric .sburg for the Valley as tbeenemy withdrew
from his front. —Eongstreet moved from Cul
peper Court House on the I.lth, and advancing
along the east-side of the Blue Ridge, occupied
Ashby's and backer's Gaps. Ilia force had
been augmented while at Culpeper by General
l'ickett with three brigades of lii« division.
The cavalry under General Stuart, was
thrown out in trout of Longstreet to watch the
enemy now reported to be moving into Lou
doun. Outlie l'tli, hi- cavalry encountered
two brigades >,.1 ours under General Stuart, near
Ahlie. and was driven back with loss. The
next day the engagement was renewed. iheFed
cral cax.yrv being arongly supi>orted by infan
try and Gen. Stuart was in turn compelled to re
tire.
1 lie enemy advanced as fir as Upperville
and then tell back. In these engagements Gen- I
oral took -bout four hum (red prisoners, !
and a considerable number or horsea aud i
arms.
In the meantime a part of General Ewell s ■
corps had entered Maryland, and the rest was 1
about to follow. General Jenkins with his cav
alry, who accompanied General Ewell.penetra
ted Pennsylvania as far as Chambereburg. As
tb se demonstrations did not hav j the effect of
causing the Federal aitny lo leave Virginia,and
as it did not Weom disposed to advance upon the
pnsitii *n held by Fongstreel. the latter was with
drawn to the west side of she Shenandoah, Gen
eral llill having already reached the A alley.
General Stuart was left to guard the passes
of tbo mountains, and observe Hid movement*
of the enemy, whom he was instructed to har
ass and impede as lunch as possible should lie
attempt to cross die Fotcinac.’ Iu that event,
General. Stuart was directed tirroove into Ma
ryland crossing the l’otomac east or west of the
blue Ridge, as in his judgment sbcflrld be best
and take position on the right ol ourcolirtnn as
it mlvnnced,
By the 21th, the progress of Five 11 rendered
it necessary that the rest b"f the army should
be in supporting distance, and Longstrcet and
Hillmarelrcd to the Potomac. ’fhe former
crossed at Williamsport,. and the latter at Shep
herds town. 'File columns reunited at Hagers
town, and advaheed thence into Pennsylvania,
encamping near Chambersburg on the 27th.
No report laid l>een received that the Federal
army had crossed Hie Potomac, ami the absence
of the cavalry rendered it impossible to obtain
accurate information. In .order, however, to
retain it on the east side of the mountains lif
ter it should enter Maiyland and thus leave
open our communication with ihe Potomac
tiirough Hagerstown and WiUiamspoyt, Gen
eral Ewell load been instiilctcd to send a divis
ion eastwards from CliamLersburg to, cross tire
South Mountains. Eariy*s division war de
tached for this purpose and proceeds as far east
as York, while the remainder of the corps pro
ceeded to Carlisle.
Gen. Imbodon, in pursuance ol
tions previously inferred to iiad freen actively
engaged on Ibe left of- Gen. Ewell during the
progress of the latter into Alnryjand., lie hid
driven oil the forces guarding tip* Ualimore and
Oltio railro and, destroying all the important
bridges on that r aite from Cumberland to Mar
tiushurg, and seriously damaged-the Chesapeake
anil Ohio Canal.
He huoscipiontly took position at Hancock ;
and after the arrival of Longstrcet an t Hill at
Chambers' urg was direeted to march byway
of McCtumel.sbui'g to that place.
Preparations were now made total vancc upon
Harrisburg; but on the night of the 29th in.’or
mation was received lion', a scout that the Fed
eral army; having crossed the Potomac, was ad
vancing northwards, and that the head of the
column bad reached South Mountain. As our
communications with the Potomac were tints
menaced, it was resolved to prevent his further
progre s in that direction by concentrating our
army on the east side of the mountaius. ac
cordiugly. Longstreet and Hill were directed
to proceed from Clmmliershurg to Gettysburg,
to whiclt point Gen. Ewell was also instructed
to march from Carlisle.
Gen. rftuart continued to follow the move
ments of the Federal army south of the Poto
mac after our own had entered Maryland, and
in his efforts to impede its progress, ad v. need
as far eastward as Fairfax Court House. Find
ing liiuis it unable to delay the enemy materi
ally, be crossed the river at Seneca, and march
ed through Westminster to Carlisle, where ho
uni zed alter Gen. Ewell Inul left t>r Gettys
burg. By the route he pursued the Federal ar-'
my was interposed between Ins command iuH
our main body, preventing any communication
with him until Ids arrival at Carlisle.
The march towards Gettysburg was conduct
ed more slowly than it would have been bad
the movements of the Federal army been known.
The leading division of Hill met tin? eneir.v
in advance of Gettynbii-g, on the inor ring ol
the Ist of July. Driving buck these troops,to
within a short distance ot Ihe town,’he there
cn.oun eftd a larger force, with which two of
his divisions became eng ged. Ewell, comma 1
up with two of Ids divisions by the Heidi* vs
hurg road, joined in the engagement. The en
emy were driven. through Gettysburg with
heavy loss, including about five thousand pris
oners aud several pieces ol m Ullery.
He retired t» a high range of hills south and
east of the town. '1 he attack was not. pressed
that aftein ion, the enemy's force being un
known, and it being considered advisable to
await the arrival of the rest ot our troops.
Orders were seilt to hasten their march : and
in the meantime, every effort was made to as
certain the numbers and position of the enemy,
and find Ihe mo t favorable point of attack. It
had not been iutended to light a general buttle
at s u:h a distance from our base, unless
attacked by th > enemy ; but finding ourselves
unexpectedly confronted by the Federal a'my
it became a matter ot difficulty to withdraw
through the mountains with our large trains.
At tin* same time, the country was uufavornhlu
for collecting s pplo s while iu the presence
of the enemy’s main body, as lie was enabled
to restrain.our foraging parties by occupying
the oasses of the mountains with regular and
local troops. A battle thus became, in a
measure, unavoidable. Encouraged by the
successful issue of tic engagement of the first
day, and in view of the valuable results tint
would ensue from the defeat of the army ot
Gou. Meade, it was thought advisable to renew
the attack.
Tlie rema nder of Ewc’l's aval Hill’s cures
having arrived, and two divisions of Long
street's, our preparations were made according
ly. During the afternoon, intelligence was
received of th" arrival of Gen. Stuart at Car
lial!, and he was ordered to march to Gettys
burg, and take position on the left. A full ac
count ot these engagements cannot lie given
until the reports oi the several commanding
officers shall have l**en received, and l shall
only offer a gerteral description.
The preparations for uttiik were not com
pleted until tlie afternoon of the 2d.
The enemy field a liigti mid commanding
ridge along which lie had n.asso.l a large
amount of artillery. GVnernl Ewell occupied
the left of our line, General Hill 1 lie centre and
General Longsired the right, in front of Gen
eral Longstrcet the enemy held a position, from
which, if lie could be driven, it was thought
tliat our army could be used to odr . ntage in
assailing tlie more elevated ground beyond,
aud thus enable us to reach the crest of the
ridge. 'That officer was directed to endeavor to
carry this position, while Geueral Ewell
attacked directly t ho high ground on tlie
ennui’s right, which-had already 1 ecu par
tially so tiffed. Gen. liill was instructed to
threaten tlie centred'the Federal line, in order
to prevent reinforcements bein* sent to either
wing, and to avail himself of any opportunity
that might present it.se fto attack. After a
■'ever*) struggle, Loug-met succeeded iu pet
ting p issessfim of and holding tlio desired
1 ground. Ewell also carried some of tlie strong
| positions which he assailed, and the result was
such as to lead to the belief that he would ul
timately be able to dislodge the enemy. The
bat'le ceased at dark.
| These partial successes determined me to
continue the a sault next day. Pickett, with
three of his brigades joined Longstrcet the fol
lowing morning, and our batteries were moved
forward to the position gained by him the day
I before.
| The general plan of attack was unchanged
except that one divis'on and two brigades of
Hill's corps were ordered to -upp»rt Long
stieet.
The enemy in the meantime had strength
ened-his lines with earthwoiks. The morning
was occupied in necessary preparations, and
the battle recommenced in the afternoon ot the
3d, and raged with great violence until sunset.
Our troops succeeded in entering the advanced
woiks of the enemy, and getting posse. ?ion 4 ot
some of his batteries ; but our artillery having
nearly expended its ammunition, the attacking
columns became exposed to the heavy tire of
Ihe numerous batteries near the summit of the
ridge, and, after a m?st determined and gal
lant struggle, were compelled to relinquish
I their advantage, and fall back to their original
positions with severe loss.
I The conduct of the troops was all that I
could desire or expect, and they deserved suc-
AUGUSTA, GA, -WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 14, ISG3.
cCss so far as it cah be deserved by heroic val
or and’ fortitude. More may have been re
quired of them than they were able to perform,
but my admiration of their noble qualities, and
confidence in their ability to cope successful I v
with the enemy, lias suffered no abatement
ffom the issue of-this protracted and sanguin
ary conflict. * . *
Uwitig to the-strength of the enemy’s posi
tion and the reduction of our ammunition, a
renewal of the engagement could not be haz
arded, and the difficulty of procuring supplies
rendered it impossible to continue longer where
we were. Fuch of the wounded as were iu
condition to be removed, and part of the arms
collected on the field, were ordered to Williams
port. 'The army remained ul Gettysburg'
during use 4th. mod at night began to retire hy
the road to Fairfield, carrying with it about
four thousand-prisoners. Nearly two thousand
laid previously been paroled, but the enemy’s
numerous wqjinded that bad fallen into our
hands after the first and second days' engage
ments, were left behind.
, Little progress was made that night, owing
to a-severe storm, which, greatly embarrassed
our movements.' The rear of li e column did
hot leave its position near Gettysburg until
1 after daylight on thefitli.
The march-was continued'during that day
wi hout-interioption by the enemy, except an
unimportant*demonstration -upon our rear in
the afternoon, when near Fairfield, which was
easily checked, l'art of our train moved hy
the road through Fairfield and the rest by the
way of Cashtown. guarded hy Gen ual irnbo
den. in passing through the mountains, in
advance of the column, the great length of the
trains exposed them to attack by the enemy's,
cavalry, which captured an tmber of wagons
aud ambulances; wit they succeeded in reach
ing WilFaiuspoi.l without serious lure.
They were attacked at that place on the Cth
hy the enemy's cavalry, which was gallantly
repulsed by General Imitoden. Tip) attacking
force was subsequently encountered and driv
en on hy General Stuart, and pu>sue,i for sev
eral miles in the direction of Bootishoro’. The'
ariny after an arduous march, rendered mure
difficult by the rains, reached ifigeitown off
the afternoon ot tlie Cth and morning of the
7ih July.
: Tae Potomac was found to be so much swol
en hy the rains, that had fallen almost inces
santly since our entrance into Maryland, as to
he uufordabte. Uur communications with the
Souths!Je were thus interrupted, and it was
difficult to pioeure cither ammunition or sub
sist, nee, the latter difficulty being enhanced l>y
the high Waters inpedilig the working of the
neighboring mills. The trains' with the Woun
ded ami prisoners were compelled to wait at
Williamsport the subsiding of the river a ul
tne construction of bouts, as the pontoon bridge
left at Falling Waters’ had beeu partially de
stroyed. The enemy told not yet made his ap
pearance, hut as he was in condition to objain
Large reinforcements, and our situation, lor the
reason above mentioned was Becoming daily
more eniburr using, it*was deemed advisable to
recross the riv. r. Fart ot the pout on bridge
was recovered, aud new boats built so that by
the 13th a good bridge was thrown over" the
river at Falling Waters.
The enemy in foree-reache 1 our front on the
12th., A position had been previously selected
to cover the Fotomac from Williamsport to
Falling Waters, and an attack was awaited
during that aud the succeeding day. 'this did
not take place, though the two armies were in
close proximity, the enemy being occupied in
for tying hss.own lines. Our preppar.it ions be
ing completed, and the liver though still deep,
being tiirtiuiuneed'fordable, lee army cotnmetv
wal to withdr uy to the South *ide on the night
of the tath.
Ewell's corps folded the river af Williams
port, those of Lilngotreet ail t llill n'osseil upon
the bridge. Owing to the Condi I ion of the
roads the troops did not reach the bridge until
utter daylight on the 14th. and the crossing
was not completed until 1 F. M, when the
bridge was removed. ’I he enemy offered no
serious interruption, aad the.movement was
attended with no loss ot material except a few
and salded wagons, and two pieces of artillery,
which the Morses were unable to move through
ihe deep mud. Before fresh hoises could te
sent hick lor them the rear ol the column had
passed.
During the slow aud tedious much to the
bridge,in the midst of a violent storm of r.dn
some of the men lay down by the way .to rest.
Officers sent back tor them, failed to find many
in the obscurity of the night, and these, with
soino stragglers, fell into tlie hand's of the
enemy,
Brigul’er General Fettigrew was- mortally
wounded in an attack made by a small Indy
of cavalry, which was unfortunately mistaken
lor our own and permitted to enter our fines,
lie was brought to Banker Hill, where fie ex
pired a few days afterwards. He was a brave
ami accomplished officer and gentleman, and
his loss w ill be deeply lelt by* the country and
the army
The l'Honing day the army marched to
Bunker Hill in the vicinity of.which it cue imp
ed for several days. Tne day after its arrival,
a large force of tlie enemy 's cavalry, which had
erttesed tlie Fotomab at Harper s Ferry, ad
vanced towards Marti'islmrg. D was attacked
by Genera! Fitz Lee, near Keamsville, and de
feated with heavy loss, leaving its dead anil
many of its wounded On the field.
Owing to the swollen condition of the She
nandoah liver, tie plan of operations which
had been contemplated when we recrossed tne
Fotomac could not be put. into •» sedition, and
before tlie waters had subsided the movements
of the enemy induced me to cross thu Blue
Ridge and t.tse position south of the Rappa
hannock, wh (h was accordingly done.
As soon as tne reports of the commanding
officers shall be received a more detailed ac
count of thc-e operations will bo given, and
occasion will be taken to speak more purticu
iarty of the conspicuous gallantry and good,
conduct of both officers and men.
It is not yet in my power to give a correct
statement of our casuahies, whieh were severe,
including many bravo men, and an unusual
proportion of disringuished and valuable
officers. —Among them, I regret to mention
the following general officers : M ijor-Generals
Hood, Fender and Trimble severely, aud Major
General Hetb slightly wounde 1.
Gen Fender has since died. This lamented
officer h *s borne a distinguished part in every
engagement of this army, and was wounded on
several 0.. isions while leading his command
with conspicuous gallantry ami ability. The
confidence aud admiration inspired by b ! s cour
age and capacity as an officer were only
equalled by the esteem and respect entertaine 1
l*y all with whom he was associated, for the
noble qualities of his modest and unassuming
character.. Brigadier Generals Barksdale and
Garnett were killed, and Brigad er General
Setnmes mortally wounded while leading their
tr * ps with the courage that always distiu
gVii-fieJ. them. These brave officers and patri
otic gentlemen fell in the faithful discharge of
duty, leaving the army to n-onrn their loss
and emulate their noble examples.
i rigadier Generals temper, A niistend, Scales,
G f Anderson, Hampton, J M Jones, and
J.-ii ins. were also wounded. Brigadier Gen
eral Ar. her was taken prisoner. General
Fettigrew though wournhd at Gettysburg, con
tinued in command until lie was mortally
wcunded near Falling Waters.
The loss of the enemy is unknown, but from
observation on the field, and his subsequent
movements, it is srpposed tliat he suffered
severely. Respestfully submitted.
( igned) R. E. Lee, Gen’l.
Letters from Missiseppi state that reinforce
ments from that section are going to Rosecrans.
Gen. Johnston has ordered that no more le
spect be paid to cotton owned 1 y foreigners
thau that owned by the Confederates. All mast
b i burned when in danger of falling into Fed
eral hands.
OUK BlSA?*>;|al gITFATIOS.
LETTBE OF WILLIAM OIUSEC.
, G-ramteviub, 8. C.,Rept, 11, 18C3.
U ' M ? , ' min 9<‘r, Secretary of Treasury:
~ \ lf -' R lB ' T our favor ol'the 2d instant
is helore me, requesti rg my views a$ to a rem
edy for the financial <mhanassnient of our
Government, ido not think our case a hope
les.-, one ; but it will require bold men arid hold
mo:isures to remedy evils that might have been
avoided by prompt action of Con toss last fall,
which, in all probability, would have, saved
our country a year of destructive war, aud the
addition ot houdi pf millions to our nation
al debt.
We have never, until recently, been without
strong prospects of uu early peace, ’ifie whole
country has acted on short-war views. Our
greatest politicians, wisest commercial men and
capitalists of ail classes, jtnlecd 1 may say eve
ry household concern, have' acted upon those
views. Who is there that is not now em'bar
, ragged by the want of hundreds of small arti
cle i which might have been procured at chenp
laics, if (he parties had been able lo look a few
mouths only into the future.
Many who now clamor and take the lead in
denouncing what they deem the short sighted
policy of the Administration, were foremost in
predicting that there would he no war, and
even up to the battle of Manassas thought the
Yankees would not f ght us, and were reluctant
after that conflict to oelieve that it would be
more than a temporary struggle.
1 am fully persuaded that seventy-five mill
ions ol dollars would bo ample for a circulat
ing medium tor the L'otrfei’erate Slates, and tl at
G ivermuent ought lo_ reduce Ihe present inflat
ed cuirency to within one l uudied millions,
as speedily as possible, it wouitl have been
better to sell 7or 8 per cent, bonds as long as
tii-y could be disposed of at reasonable rates,
than to adopt and pursue tlie present policy of
constantly adding io an inllalion that lias be
come truly alarming. When that jppqsijre
should'fall, the next ami only reliable means
was a forced loan. 'This is now our only means'
of absorbing the currency and preventing ijs
fitrllrer increase ip proii liug for tlcp future
wants (i the G iveintpeqt.
The finimejal scheme tliat t would recom
mend is this : First a • continued money tax
should be levied Jo pay the inlyesl of our
debt; and second, the levy ol a l-ix-'cr forced
loan of 2o per cent, or as much more as may
be needed, upon the property of the country,
the tax payers to receive either 7 or 8 per cent,
bonds forauiph forced loan. I would i uggest
that the bonds bear not a less rate of interest
than 7 per cent, this being less than the a vint
age rale of interest in the different States,—
This tax should be distributed equally upon tlie
wealth ot 'ev. ry individual in the Confederacy,
to be codec led in sums sufficient first to altsorh
the present ctorrericy. and next to provide for
the ffiture wants of Government Up to fifteen
hundred millions.
I believe there are few men of property who
could not taise the money to pry this tax, hav
ing bonds to hvpbtheeate. But it would not
bo necessary to require cash from individuals
A tax note would be taken. This tax note,
having a prior lieu over all other debts, and in
addition having the bond collaterals attached,
would command money anywhere, and be at
a premium until our cunvney became equal to
geld and silver. They would be negotiable
•here and in every other country. Such an as
sumption 01. our national debt I v the wealth
ol our country wpuld silence the now under
current Uinta at final repiplialiqn and raise
our bonds to the highest s'atidard iu a’l Euro
[ can markets.
If this taxor force 1 loan l>p levie 1 equally on
all the wealih of oqr p uiutry, its necessity .‘jus
tice and propriety wit* commend it to every
body, for all wo il l see that it is belter to give
up even half of our estates than to become a
conquered people and lose alt.
The rap tal thus far invested in bonds iu the
Confederate States lias been drawn principally
Irom banks, trom tneiclianis w.io have been
driven out of business, and from trust estates
aud charitable institutions. Such sou reek have
been xha tried, and it will be impossible to
make fur.her progress in bonding fiy appeals*
to the patriotism of the people.
We arc a peculiar people, unlike any of the
civilized nations that have engaged in exten
sive wars in modern times. Wo have no great
money capitalists. Uur capflal consists in du
ly in lands and negroes, and the habits of our
wealthy people for generations have kept them
in one channel ; tbqt of producing cotton, to
bacco ami rice, the surplus produ ts to bo in
vested in land and negroes. Much ot our s rare
mercantile capital, which has not been trans
ferred to i ther countries, has gone into the same
channel. This thirst utter land and negro in
vestments has absorbed cur millions of income,
and kept us generally iu debt as much as a
year’s income." We have no millionaire bank
er*, merchants, manufacturers and other mon
eyed capitalists thatlive iu splendor on incomes
derived from money at interest.
Our planters possess the wealth and intelli
gence ol the country and rule its destiny. In
debted as they were at the coalmen ement of
t e war, they were not in a situation to invest
in bonds It is not reasonable to expect jhem
to vol tnicer to invest in bonds at tuo expense
of incurring i.ew debts or the necessity ot sell
ing property. Many, very Inany planters who
subscribed to the Cotton Foan, sold tlie bonds
immediately anil invested the proceeds in the
payment of debts or in lands* and negroes, and
are unwilling now to sell —evea to aid the .Gov
ernment—any of their agricultural products for
less than ihe highest market value for cnrr >ncy.
Many are not willing to sell for curremy utany
price.’ This is all very natural, but it is ruinous
to the Government, and starvatii n to towns
ami villages ahil all that class of people who
live on fixed incomes.
Fruta 1842 to 1817 J.he price of cotton ranged
hete at 4 anil .7 cents per pound, corn at 35 to
4()cenls a bushel, fiour at $5 a barvef! b con at
4to 4.f ceuts a pound. There being no freight
demand lor cotton, it would rule lower now,
if the euriency was in a sound condition.—
There be'ng such a vast breadth of land plant
ed in grain, it would be correspondingly cheap.
if wo can get back to what is equal to aspe
cie currency, we c.n endure a ten year’s war,
and still be able to pay our national debt. —
Hence it becomes the duty of every man who
has a p v tide of patriotism to come to: ward anil
snpport any remedial measures that our Gov
ernment mav adopt, however burdensome it
may bo, and ihus lave our country and our glo
rious cause.
The present heavy Tax Bill will nut 1 feir re
duce the amount of floating currency. Every
article of consumption is so enormously high,
and there is so much uncertainty in financial
and commercial affair*, that there is no such
thing as anticipating the coming wants of the
Government.
The tax in kind, although it relieves the
Treasury fro.n outlays, will, notwithstanding,
require a large issue of paper currency to pay
the salaries of assessors and collectors to build
new de|>ots in whii.li to store the various pros
ducts, to furnish grain sacks, and to defray the
heavy expens's of trunapoiUtii.n: to say no
thing o! the waste and damage of grain incident
to transportation" and storage.
The Government Los undertaken a most
complicated job in ibis matter. The tux in
kind relieves the a grit altruist from the tieeessi
ty of going into the markets with his products
to procure money with which to pay bis taxes.
You thus make him independent of treasury
notes, which some are refusing to take for debts,
and for which they reluctantly sell anything
they have. This mode of taxation relieves the
agriculturist from the necessity of hauling his
grain and other products to market. It is a
very happy relief from trudging through the
mud some thirty, fifty or a hundred miles to a
railroad depot, at his own risk.
This would all lie very well, were it not for
its effects on the currency by circumscribing its
held of circulation, and by dispensing, as it
doys, with the necessity that otherwise would
exist, tor planters to become the readyYecipients
ot treasury notes—an article that many people
distrust and are unwilling to hold longer than
they can find anything to invest it in.
1 think that seven per cent, should lie thees
tablished interest of our Government to iuduce
investments, and that all treasury notes ought
to be placed oil the same footing. Otherwise
there will be confusion and distrust. Anything
that is calculated, to depreciate one class of bills
will inevitably tend to cast a shade of distrust
over all. • • - ’ *
it is all important tliat the Government main
tain an untainted credit, and nothing should
be done that would indicate the slightest dis
position to repudiate. We are now in the situ
ation of a wealthy merchant who has been
overtaken by adverse ciicuuißtances with abun
dant means to pay, but without ability to meet
ills engagements except hy new' loans. Inter
est is a matter of consideration with him : he
does not attempt to dictate terms, but meets
his creditors in a liberal spirit, cost what it
may.* .
1 have no fears of our ultimate payment of
our national debt, if it be any where below
two thousand millions. We will fie able to
make the world pay it by an export duty on
Cotton alone. American Cotton is the world's
-necessity. Five cents per pound export duty
will not close the markets of other nations
against it. or detract from its value here. If
the United States purchase our Cotton, Great
Uritaiu also will bt? compelled lo purchase it,
oi give that which is the Inundation of her gi
gantic, w. ad th and power—the commerce of
tue world iu Cotton goods. If England is ft
purchaser, France, Spain, Russia and ad other
nations engaged in manufacturing Cotton for
tlie markets of the world will be forced to -fol
low her example. England may use Bombay
Cotton ior a substitute while other nations Can
do no better ; but if other countries Could pro
cut v American Cotton with live cents per pound
added to a paying price here, she would atlonce
become a competitor for fl«r great staple. In
tins way our national debt, if it Fan be be kept
vvifbia the limits 1 have indicated, would be
Cftiily extinguished.
1 am, With great respect,
Tour obedient servant,
\VM. GREGG.
'lhe StEAMKa Flobjda at Brest.—A Brest
correspondent of tlie Fondon Times under date
of Aug 31st gives an interesting account of an
interview with Cap. M.HFiT,-of tlie Confederate
States steamer Florida, which recently put into
tlie French port of Brest for repairs We sub
join a-port on of tlie letter ;
Os the Captain himself. I may say that he is ’
a sliglF, middle sized, well knit man, with a
ready determined air, full of life and business
There are one hundred able seamen on board
the Florida,.and about thirteen officers. Four
fine fellows are from (lie neighborhood of Brest
CapFMatfit says that lie has hardly taken, a
prize lint what some of the crew of the prize
have come forward to say,“Should like to serve
witli you, sir.” Generally speaking, he has to
refuse ; hut if ho sees a very likely fellow he
takes him on. Capt MaffU was a lieutenant of
tlie United States Navy before the outbreak,
and in that capacity distinguished himself
greatly. In 1858,he commanded the brig Dol
phin, when he captured the slaver Echo, with
400 oJaves on boaTil aad took hoi,lnto Charles
ton. For this feat lias health wn rtriiinj at a
public .dinner at Liverpool; audit is .a curious
fact, lor lliose who maintain Ucit tin* civil war
in America is founded upon n.e slave question
th it'tlie commander, of this important Confed
erate cruiser should be the very man who ins
distinguished himself actively agaiust the slave
tr.de. In 1850 Captain Martit commanded
Ihe United States steamer Crusader, and cap*
tured lour slavers.
The only broadside which 'he Florida has
fired in anger was against the F.iicjison, an
armed merchantman which she encountered
some forty miles from New York. The Erics
son, a very large vessel did not reply but made
ihe best of her way off,and succeeded iu escap
ing. When they ventured within forty miles of
New York they did not know that the arrival
ol'the Tiieonv (one of their “outfits”) hml put
the New Yorkers on their guard, and they soon
found that there were about seventy armed Ves
sels out seat idling for them, and so were glad
to retreat. "We never seek a light,’’ said Cap
tain Mafllt, “ and we don’t avoid one. You
see we have only two vessels against fifteen
hundred; so we would stand a poor -chance.—
Our object is merely to destroy their commerce
s>as to bring about a peace. We’ve taken al
together sevent-two prizes, and estimate tlie
value at about' $15,000,000. The Jacob Bell
alone was worth $2,100,000. Tiro Captain ex- %
hibitcii a book in which all the prizes were
regulaily entered, and all particulars relating
thereto. He explained that their mode of pro
cedure was to burn and destroy the property of
the Northern B'ates wherever they lound it.
I asked if they took gold and precious articles,
and the reply was, “Pretty quick, when we can
get them.” The papers of the burnt prizes are
all kept, and a valuation is made before the
destruction if the vessels, in the expectation
that when peace is,restored the Confederate
Government will make appropriation of money
equivalent to the claims of the capture. In cou
sequenceof this arrangement there is very little
actual treasure on board the Florida, and the
office!s anil crew aie working mainly on the
faith of the future independence and solvency
of tlie Confederacy. “Any way,” said Captain
Maffit, *‘we have oosttbe Government very lit
tle, for we’ve lived on the enemy. Oh-yea we've
served them out beautifully.” In reply to
some questions us to the method ol capture the
captain said, “We only make war with the
United States Government, anil we respect pri
vate property. We treat prisoners of war with
great lespec’t. Most of those whom we have
captured have spoken well of us. To be sure
we have met with some ungrateful rascals; but
you meet with those all the world over.”
When tin F.orida came into Brest she had
been at sea for eight months, without spending
more than four entire days in port. Befor e en
tering the port of Brest she had not been more
thau twenty-four hoHrs in any one port, al
though she had visited Nassau. Bermuda, Fer
nomliuco, ahd Sierra (Brazil).Yes, indeed, sir I
said the C iptain, “Iwo hundred and forty-live
dajs upon solid junk, without repairs or pro
visions.” l uring all this timer they have only
let fifteen men, including tlioso who were kilt
ed and wounded at Mobile, the paymaster—
who died of consumption— and one officer who
woa accidentally drowned. They have come
into Brest to repair the engines, which are some
what out of order, the shaft being quite out of
line. The Emperor has given orders that the
Florida is to he admitted into the port for all
necessary repairs, and is to be supplied with
everything she may require except munitions of
war.
Captain Maffit showed ns over hi* ship, which
was in pretty good order, considering the eight
month?,aimjSl uninterrupted cruise, and he pre
ented us both with a photographic picture of
her, which was taken at Bermuda. The Flori
da mounts enlv e'ght guns—six forty eight
bounders re tin- Blakely pattern, ra.de at Low
Moor, amt stern and bow chasers.
Uu taking our leave 1 asked Captain Maffit
whether he expected 1o be intercepted on lea, -
ing B os', pointing at the same time to the
Goulet, the narrow passage which affords Ihe
only ingress and egress to and from the Bade.
“Well, ’ replied he, ”1 expect there will be
seven or eight of them out there before lohg but
I’m not afraid. I've run eight blockades al
ready, and it’ll go hard but I’ll run the ninth.”
FROM VIRGINIA.
Subsistenc e for both man and horse is getting
to lie very scarce in Richmond.
The Richmond correspondent of the Charles
ton Mercury gays Lee will soon make a move
ment.
* OL. JLXXVII—NEW SERIES VOl . NXVII. NO. 41.
IMPORTANCE OB *THKAUTHEM.\U UlriV.
BRtEU.
If any reliance is to lie placed open the state
ments of scouts, deserters and of newspapers
in the enemy's lines, it would seem that Rose
cranz has been receiving reinforcements more
or less considerable since the recent buttle.
Our own observations have discovered twice
the usual rows of white tents which mark the
presence of soldiery. It is possible tliat our
crafty foe, anxious to create the impression tliat
lie has been strengthened, resorts to this strata
gem to impose upon our observation. But
this is not probable, she appearance of tlie
tents, taken in connection with previous re
ports, leaves but little doubt that the enemy is
transfering troops from other points to relieve
his suffering forces iu Chattanooga. IVe are
ealing with a people who give back victory
once acquired, only under the sternest compul
sion. Tennessee will not constitute an excep
tion. If he vacates his present quarters it will
not be until our army executes some move
ment which compels him to retire.
We can hardly suppose that Gen. Bragg
would have failed to subject him to this neces
sity had it been in his power to do so. Had lie
been provided witli forcestrong enough to
keep theeneioy’s front in chock whilst lie was
cutting off'his communications in the rear, this
was so obviously his policy.l hat there can be no
doubt it would have been done. Had it been
possible to break up the conriextionof llosecrans
with his supplies, his whole army must have
surrendered. That this has not been done cun
he explained only on the supposition that tlie
General in command fins not found his force,-,
adequate to the work. Believing as we do that
the most valuable service which can he render
ed to the country at this time is the expulsion
of the enemy from tlie confines of our State we*
should rejoice to see every soldier not impera
tively needed at other points immediately ad
ded to the army of Tennessee and the com mat and
further strengthened by the addition of every
arms bearing man in the country.
If til * army of Uosecrana can he captured or
demolished we shall strike a blow which writ
relievo us from any oilier serious fighting during
the war. In such an event Tennessee, east and
west would be disenthralled, and. the enemy
compelled to take the defensive in Kentucky or
Ohio. It would not he possible to concentrate
another forep in season to resist our progress.
Peace meq,and Coppetheads would be marvel-*
lously multiplied ut Ihe North. Tlie triumph
would furnish to our. enemies such a demon
stration of the hopelessness of the woik in
which they are engaged as must compel multi
tudes even of the most sanguine to desist from
the ente prise.
On the other hand if the power of RoseCrans
isgncreaaed without an equivalAit reinforce
ment on our part, we have the most painful ap
prehensions of the consequences. Our own
State would ho in veiled, and that far more for
midable than during the past month. Some of
the fairest portions of our commonwealth must
become a prey for a time at least, to the spolia
tions of the enemy. If at the same t me Charles
ton should he occupied (an event for wliieh it
is wise for us to provide, though we devoutly
hope that it may never occur) our only remain
ing communication with Virginia would be
threatened if notinterrupted at, BranoliVnie.’—
Without the means of transporting our troops
we must bo greatly* embarrassed. The enemy*
would have it in his power, should we lose the
only remaining connection betwixt the Gulf
States and the Capitol, to hurl Ids masses on
our divided armies whilst they could offer no
support to each other. To provide agaiiiM such
a calamity let Bragg be made strong enough to
eject the enemy from his present lodgment.—
We cannot afford to be defeated at Ohatt mooga.
G ex. Lee’s Report. —Gen, Lee’s outline of the
operations of tin army during the months of
June anil July, embracing the expedition into
Funnsylvania, will be lead with much inter
est. The narrative, remarks the Richmond
Whig, is lucid, dignified and modest*- No one,
friend or foe, will doubt its truthfulness, and it
wilt constitute in his’o'y the touchstone by
which the accuracy of Yankee accounts of the
same affairs will be tested. The statement of
plans and occurrences involves the ndnissiou
that tlie expedition into the enemy’s territoiy
did not accomplish uil that was hoped of it,
but it at the game time effectually disposes of
all the Yankee .swagger about victory, and
makes It evident that there was no time when
the Confederate army was not master of its own
movements. Tne Yankee army at Gettysburg
after being beaten back two days, i scaped a
rout only by advantage of position. This is all
they can claim, or tliat the impartial historian
will allow them. Our matchless old army of
the Potomac has never yet been beaten.
Axotueb Liberal Donation. —Wo take pleas
ure in recording another liberal donation of the
Eagle Manufacturing Company of Columbus,
to our brave soldiers. J. Rhodes Browne, Esq.,
the Agent of the company, has Bent to tlie sick
and wounded soldiers in Charleston anil vicini
ty one hundred pairs of drawers and one hun
dred shirts'. In his note accompanying the gift
Mr. B. patriotically remarks :
We had a large number prepared and algo
provisions, &o , but such pressing need exists
among the soldiers of the. Army of Tennessee,
that we feel it heat to divert all we have ready
to that point, except the articles gent you as
above. We shall, however, he ready at ail
times to assist the needy, the sick and the
wounded, according as the case demands, and
at any point from Virginia to Texas.
An Appeal to Planters. —The Macon Mes
senger makes a patriotic appeal to the planters
to give of their abundance in the following man
ner :
'ihe sick and wonnded of our army are num
erous, and the upper towns and citizens arebur
tbened with them, where the army had nearly
exhausted their supplies of prevision - -Now
the time for Middle anil especially Soinhwee -
eia Georgia to show its patriotism ana s a e
the burdens of the war. There pro are
plenty and none of the comtorts o
been disturbed. 'Then let yonr humanity and
ululoUsm be shown by taking among yon a
Ihare oHhem, and feed t*em out of rour abun
dance, and restore them to health and tbe ur
m’Fellow citizens, you have the food—will you
not furnish it-if not without money or price,
at such prices as those who are disposed to he
charitable can buy
ty. Alvin Lloyd, author of the Southern Rail
Road Guide, was 3hot and it is ieared fatally
wounded, in a street renq ,ntre at Mobile on
the Ist instant.
The Monster Gi xat Charleston.—' Ws im-J
del stand that tire second monster gun in Char
leston has been tried lately under the direction
of a board of officers witli entire success, throw
ing its huge projectile over two miles at an ei*-
vatioryif only two degrees, the gun being not
y*et ready to fire at a higher angle. This is far
beyqmt any* thin;: ever done by artillery before*
These immense rifle guns ate constructed on
anew principle which permits enormous
charges ol powder to be used safely, and thus
imparts the required mompnttim.to the ponder
ous shells and solid boitsi
The injury sustained by the first gun was an
oversight., and it. is understood from good au
thority can be effect unity repair, and. The pow
der to be used with these guns is now being
manufactured .at the Government Powder
Works, anil is quite a curiosity, looking like
anything eke than gunpowder ; tlie grains—if
they can be so called-bqjng solid Mocks look
ing like ebony, one inch square ; it would be
supposed that they were projectiles them elves
by their appearance, each grain weighing about
one ounce.
MiLT.EnoEVit.I, Railroad.—At a meeting
the stockholders of the’Milledgcvillo Railroad
Company*, held at the office of the company iu
this city on Monday, tiie following board of
directors were elected for the ensuing year :
John F King, B II Warren, Ilonry If Cuni
ming, Vi in II Goodrich, Stephen 1) Heard, It
II May. John *D Smith, Henry Moon, M U
Welborne, Titos M Turner, F. B DeGraffenreid
and 0 G-Spnrks, Esquires..
At the subsequent meeting of. the Board of
Directors, Hon. John B King was unanimous
ly elected President, and WMiio Olio, Secretaiy
and Treasurer.
» -
A Matter that Gronr to .he Rectimbd. —lf
the people at. home,rihose who own the land
and the Mayes, and the slock and other goods
and chatties that constitutes, the wealth of the
country, .want to support the government, keep
soMiers front deserting ami conquer a peace,
they must-revolutionize the'whole system of
prices and put provisions ni reasonable rates.
Sue i a course, if promptly adopted now, wit
a ive us much trom le hereafter. There has got
to he a reformation in these matters. And wo
might as well commence it at once, ns to be con-**
tlnualiy putting it off’. The longer it is delay
ed, the greater will bo the evil to he remedied,
and the more severe the remedy applied.
Letter from President Davis. —The Meridl
an Clarion publishes the annexed letter from
Presi lent Davis to the Secretary of tlie Con
federate Society at Enterprise, Miss. The let
ter bears date Richmond, SeiiF 17, 1863 :
Sir: I have received your letter of tiic 22d
ult., enclosing a co; y oi an address to the peo
ple of the Confederate States, calling upon
them to unite in an effort to restore and main
tain Ibc pat value >f the currency with gold
by forming Societies of citizens who will en
gage to sell and buy* only at reduced prices.--
The object of the address is most laudable, aud
1 sincerely hope for if great success in arousing
Ihe people to concerted action upon a subject
of the deepest importance. Tlie passion for
speculation has become a gigantic evil. It has
seemed lo take possession of the whole coun
try, and has seduced citizens of all classes from
a determined prosecution of the war to a sor-»
did effort to unass money—it destroys enthusi
asm and weakens public confidence—it injures
the efficiency of every measure which demands
the zealous co operation of tlie people in re
pelling the public enemy, and threatens to
bring upon us every calamity which can be
fall freemen struggling for independence.
The united exertions of Societies like -tfieso
you propose should accomplish much toward
abating this evil and infusing anew spirit into
the community. I trust, therefore., that you
will continue your labors until tlicir good ef
fect becomes apparent everywhere.
Please accept mv thanks for the comforting
tone of your patriotic letter. II is-a relief to
receive such a communication at this time,
when earnest effort is demanded, and when I
am burdened hy the complaining and despon
dent letters of many who have stood all the
day idle, and wiio now Maine anybody but
themselves for reverses which have come and
danger which threaten.
Very respectfully,
Your fellow-citizen,
Jefferson Davis.
Tub Campaign in Tennessee".—The Atlanta
Intelligencer in speaking of the campaign in
Tennessee, writes thus ;
The first movement of Gen. Itosecrans was a
s(stogie on©, which flanked Bragg and compell
ed him to fall back to Chattanooga to proservo
his army. Koeecrams, find ng he conbl not
drive our army out of that place by lighting, at
tempted another flank irtbveraent by way of
Bridgeport! to cut off Bragg from Atlanta,
and compel linn to retrest by way of East Ten -
nersee into Southwestern Virginia, thus leaving
the whole of Georgia, Alabama and the two
Carolinrs open to him. The movement was well
planned, and had it been would have
been most disastrom in ils.effects. 'I *> foil this
was the gfiand object of Gen. Bragg, so tliat as
soon as it became apparent tliat Midi wns the
intention of tlio enemy, Gen. Bragg rapidly fell
hack trom Chattanooga and concentrated his
army. This movement entirely disconcerted
tlie plans of the enemy, and necessarily com
pelled him to draw in his flanking colums and
concentrate before Iris centre was attacked and
overpowered. Tlie result was that Bragg, by
liis brilliant strategy, not only necessitated the*
enemy to abandon his flank -movement, but by*
compelling him to concentrate forced a battle,
which the policy of Rosecrans would have
otherwise avoided. Tlie enemy having been
well whipped, a second series of strategic move
ments are in progress, which will enable us to
give the finishing stroke to the campaign, and
it all that we hear be ti ne, movements are in
progress tending to its early close, wßh t-m
pulsion ot Rosecrans from Tenne:-aee.
Federal Hatred Tot, .eds Charles'o.l-
Jhe intensity ofthehatred entertained towiod
Charleston by the Abphtionists is shown to
some extent by the following Washington di?
P Tt is understood hew that Gen. Gilmoreiias
nuiredof the Government jr-he would he justi
fied in bombarding Charleston to its utter di
stinction. Tie answer returned, it is said, was
such as to give the country assurance of a heap
of ashes where Charleston son ! 1 i‘ it does ret
surrender A full supply of incendiary shell?
to bo used against Charleston, were sent to
Gen. Gilmor* by the Arago, orni by this time
are probably being used against tLc doomed
city.
VVockded Georgians lx Baltimore.— We find
in the Richmond Whig a list of wounded Con
federates in tbe General Hospital at Baltimore,
Fept. 24th, among which arc the following
Georgians :
Col Wm Gibson, 48»h; Lieut B - Elliott, 53d;
Lieut J M Jackson, lltli; Lieut T F New it.
45tii; Lieut FM Kelly. 4Sth; Capt Gem H
Jones. 22d; Lieut W L Kino 51« t; Lieut W K
Killen 45 h: Capt J v Jo: own, 11th; 'John
Ha vis, 22d; J Bataev, 2d; Capt G S Jon- 2d
Georgia Battalion,