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governor brovfnvj MESSAGE. KXiXCTiVK Di.IAI.TUfc.NT. I , MifcWHOKvnxK, Ga., March 10th. 1. 64. ) 7 o the S".TUilc end floii iof JlfprCM ruotii Th „ ~„t r; o ti o z.-at exhibited by you at your lau-r -«iori for the promotion of the interest and protection of the liberties of the country, and the personal and offiual courtly which I received at your hands, and for "hiih I renew iny thanks, have satisfied me that lay log aside all p.at party names, mne», and strifes, your object, a* legislators is to dus charge faithfully your official duties, and to (sacrifice all private interests and personal pre ferences. to the public good. In view of these considerations, 1 feel that I can rely upon your counsel ■ as a tower of strength in time of dark; ness and gloom. 1 have therefore convened you that 1 may have the benefit of your advice and assistance, at this critical juncture in our State and Confederate attains. TitA.NSI‘OB'I ATION Os I'UUN TO IXDIGEXT 8 I.DIEKS - FAMILIES. Hince your adjournment experience has shown that it is not possible without assistance from the Slate, which will require further leg iriation for the agents of the counties where there is great scarcity of provisions, to secure IVafisportation tor the corn purchased in South TV,-tern and Middle Georgia. to the places wfi' re it is needed. To im-et this difficulty, I respec dully recommend the .passage ol a law, authorizing the <Juarter-M»*ter General of this State : or such other officer a« the Governor may fieri ‘ims to time designate under no ■ «t :itrt 1 an of the Kail Roads >a th** -tr.'*'* -v k *hei toiling stock, or any othet a- . \ eyauca. and require that corn »’ 1 f'~ r<- vlsio. “ for tic. i, '7 ■ ■ <-g" * troops, an ! t.flf g'ipplte nw«s.- ‘.ry for sup port of the armies of the Conf«deruti Htat. », and that the act piuvide for th> am Iran poriauoo, while in pur-res-ion ; lie a thorixed ofiicei'' of tM| State— the eoti.pen-..tri- a to t>e paid out "f taUitiOUej already * ppro; nted an a relief fhnd, (>y the ngenis or persons at whose request the transportation may he fur nished. experience has also proved that the counties of North Jeastern Georgia most remote from the Railroad cannot obtain sufficent, means of transportation to carry the corn from the Rail Road tojthe place of consumption. The scarcity of teams is owing to the fact that their horses have been taken for cavalry service, and their oxen have been impressed for beef for the nr my. Finding that there was likely to he mi iff i suffering in that section for bread for soldiers families, I ordered the energetic Quar inaster General of the State, to purchase teams and w igons by drafts upon the military fund, arid aid those most destitute, and most remote from the Railroad in the transportation of the corn. If this action is approved by the Legis latuic, as 1 trust it, will be, the teams now about ready for use, cau Ire employed iu this service fora portion of the year. If not approved they will at any time command more in the market than they eo3t the State, if not needed for military uses. HET.IBF l-’I XD FOE SOLPIKHs’ FAMILIES. I am satisfied that the indigent families of soldiers, in many of the counties of this State, arc not receiving the benefits to which they are entitled, on account of the neglect or misman agement of the Inferior Courts. Six millions of dollars have been appropriated for this purpose, for the present year, which if proper ly applied, is sufficient to prevent any actual Hiiti'ering Complaints come up consUmtly that adequate provisions are not made for the needy In many cases, I have no doubt, these complaints are well founded. As evidence of the neglect of part of the Courts, it may fie proper to state, that great as the destitution is umong those entitled to the fund, the amount due for the last quarter of last year, has not in some eases been applied for. Some courts have not yet sent in their reports of tho num ber entitled for the present year ; so as to en able i.ie to have the calculation made ; and the amount due each county ascertained; while t' th-: counties have made no applica f the fund appropriated for mor has power, to require th- - ) reports, of the disposition iu oases where ho suspects .orly applied ; aud to withhold pa ;.-.!.) i! courts in such cases ; he has o: , . . , el the court's to do the r duty net - ‘ho fund from them aud a]) point any ottm, person or agent to distribute it among those for whom it is intended. 11 the courts fait to act, the law makes na other pro vision for the distribution of the fund. Un less some better plan is adopted, I am satisfied the objects of the Legislature, will bo very imperfectly carried out, iu many of the coun ties ; ii.nl the needy will not receive the bene fits of tbs liberal provision made for tuom, by the appropriation. As it may he necessary to pioviuo for tho appointment of active reliable agents in tho counties, to assist the courts, or to take charge of the fund in case cf neglect, or mismanagement by them ; I respectfully suggest that provision should be made for commissioning all such, as officers of this State so as to protect them against conscription. It will ho impossible to relievo the needy, it our most valuable county agents are taken from tho discharge of their important duties by the enrolling officers of ihe Confederacy. Provision should also he made for tho re moval from office, of all Justices of the Inferior Courts, who neglect or refuse to discharge their duties promptly and faithfully. COTTON PLANTING. Having »n former occasions, brought the question of farther restriction of cotton plant ing to the attention of ibe General Assembly, I tool a delicacy in again recurring to that sub ject. The present prices of provisions, and the great importance of securing a continual sup j-ly of the necessaries of lilt*, are my excuse tor again earnestly recommending, that the law be so changed, as to make it highly ponul, for any person to plant or cultivate in cotton, more than one quarter of au acre to the hand, till the end of the war. This additional restraint is not necessary, to control tho conduct of the more liberal and patriotic portion of our people ; but there are those who for the purpose of making a little more money, will plant the last seed allowed by law, without stopping to enquire, whether they thereby, endanger the liberties of the people, and the independence of the Confed eracy. To control the conduct of this class of per sons, and to the extent of our ability to pro vide against the possible contingency of as fail ure of supplies in future, I feel it to be un im perative duty, again to urge upon your consid eration. the importance of the legislation above recommended. ItXEOAI. DISTILLATION. I bog leave again :o call Ihe attention of tlie Genera! Assembly, to the illegal distillation of grain into spirituous liquors So great are the prefits realfzthi by those engaged in this busi ness, that the la»y is evaded in every way that ingenuity can devise : and I am satisfied that the evil can not be effectually suppressed with out tarther and more stringent legislation.— Some of the Judges have ruled, that the act passed at your last session, does not gb -• them authority to draw and compel the attendance of a jury, out of the regular term time of the Court, to try the question of nuisance ; while noun* public officers have shown no disposition to act. for fear of incurring the ill-will of per ilous of wealth am! influence, who are engaged sn the daily violation ot the law. Distillers in some parts of the State, are pay ing tea dollars per bushel for corn to convert into whiskey : while soldiers’ families, and other poor persons are .uttering for bread. 1 renew the expression of niy firm convic tion. that the evil can only be effectually sup pressed by the seizure of the stills. We now need copper for the use of the State Road, and for military uses, and I earnestly request, that au act lie passed, authorizing the Governor, to impress all the stills, in the State, which he has reasonable ground to suspect have been used in violation of the law; and convett them ini.o such material, for the Road, and implements pf war. as the State may need : and that he he authorized to use all the milita ry force necessary to accomplish the object: and that provision be mode for paying the own t-r just 'ompoHsation vor such stills when seiz ed. 1 also recommend that prolusion be made for annulling the an mission of any civil, or mil tary officer ot this Sta-e. who nuts to exer cise vigilance, wk! to discharge liis duty faith fully iu the execution ot the law against ille gal distillation. impress us-vr or PROVISIONS. Since your last session, experience has prov en that from distrust of the currency' or from other cause, many planters have refused to sell corn or other provisions, not necessa y tor their own use. to .State or county agents, ior -he ml rkct pr.ee when offered, while soldiers' families have been suffering for provisions. X recommend the enactment of a law. au thorizing State officers, under the direction of -\e Governor, to make impressments of pro visious iu ail such t-sses, and providing for the "ttvmoat oi' just-a»penss3tfoii to the ow ners? ol iik' property jjiiproseCtl. >ljL y eb U'-Ai'INO TO TC£ ESSMT. T -„ r.> ial icports of ledc-ial officeis are taad Wtiwtv that ifiz enemy now Jus oh,Wy pf oar slaves employed against ns If : r < 000 abio bodied negroes had l-eii tarried n-'o the interior by their owners, when the enemy approached the locality, where they v, ■ .n --ployed. and put to work, 'rearing land making provisions, we should to-day levs - 50,000 stronger and lire enemy ts .' mu. weaker, making a difference of 100. e.;O in i ,e present relative strength of ti. ■ pai • 1 1 struggle. When a negro me. v ■ -■ upon the gold bo.-i*, escapes to the enemy. ui sum of the aggregate wealth of t:;-- - ate, -- which she should re ive u.\v# b t —•• -..- borer who shonld be employe 1 in tn s pr tion of piovisions is abg> lost, while or, ia.-* .- er, or one more aimed man is added to the strength of the enemy. i t is therefore unjustifiable and unpatriotic, for the owner to keep his negroes, within uca distance of the enemy's lines as to inane i e ; for them to escape. This should not b j- w mitt* and ; and to prevent it in future, Eucii ia-**- should lie enacted, as may be nec< -»ary :*> c ■ pel tlieir removal by tb ■ owner i , . i ca-c or to provide for their-forieitiue to the State. No man has a right to so use his * wri : . ; ty, so as to weaken our strength, dimin -h our provision supply : aud add rcoruits to the army of the enemy. DESERTION OF OCIt CAC6E HV KEVIOTaTA TANARUS" riUX THE ENEMY'S LINE. lam informed that a nuErhsr of pc - o the portion of our State, adjoining to Id -.-A 'J : nessee, have lately removed with their lauillh i within the lines of the -u- my and ere’, ior with them their move ode nrer ' »i.» -er been loyal to t'r.r i ®c., in their blaus.' rec -mmend the mtactreeat of ala w prot iri- I ing lor the confiscation of tic property ci re. | dcf.troye»l, by r Jds of th: eutui/, ■■ ban 1 of tori*?- ). am '»iaformed, Unit di* mies ; or avoiding service nave lefttl:,-. i-iu.; lies behind, and gone over to tlie cnein , am. are now under arms against us. lam to leam that tlie number of such pci-oiis • very small, I recommend the confiscation of tlie property of this class of persons also, and in case they have left families behind, that a: a charge to tlie county' that no part of the re lief fund he allowed them but that they .be carried to the enemy's lines, and turned ■everto those in whose cause their husbands now serve. I also recommend the enactments of such laws as shall fotevor disfranchise and deeitkei:- ize all persons of both classes, should they at tempt to return to this State. THE CUBRBNCY. The laio action of the Congress of the Con* federate States upon the subject of the curren cy-has rendered further legislation nvciwnrv in this State upon that question. It < :-n not !*• denied that this act has seriously enireir*. tlie financial system of this State, and ha- .- ken the confidence of our people iu ei.diev i : justice of the late Congress or its eot l i]>i.-ieuc.- to manage our financial affairs. Probably 'bV history of the past famishes few more , ukh instances of unsound policy combined with bad faith. The Government issues its Treasury note sot SloO, and binds iiscl f two years alter a . of peace between the Confederate St ales and the United States, to pay the bearer that sun . ami stipulates upon the face of the nov ;fiat s is fundable in Confederate States stocks or bonds ; and receivable in payment of all pub lic dues except export duties, Tiro Consi.-s while the war is still progressing, p.i. ii to that this bill shall be funded in a bon days or one-third of it shallbo repudiated, and that a tax of ten per cent a month shall bo paid for it after that time by the holder, and if shall no longer be receivable in payment of public dues, and if it is not funded by the Jo of January next, the whole debt, is repudiated. Did the holder take the note with any siu s < .. pectation ? Was this the contract, and i tee the way the government is to keep us laidn . If we get rid of the old issues iu this way wind guaranty do we give for better faith in iii:; i demptiou of the next issues V Again, • i , . the notes have the .express promise on their face that they shall be funded iu chi;’, p cent bonds. When f The plain import is, so understood by all at the time of their bv:.. that it may be done at any time before ihe and i v fixed on the face of the note lor its pay With what gemhlance of good faith then doe:-, the government before that time, compel lie holdci to receive a four per cent bund, or !: the whole debt ? and what better is Ibis than repudiation When was it ever b >i'orealtc‘ii,i led by any government to compel the fnndin;. of almost the entire paper currency of a coun try amounting to seven or eight- hundred mil lions of dollars in forty days ? This is , , tainlv anew chapter in linTtneicring. The country expected the imposition of a heavy tax, and all patriotic citizens With pre pared to pay it cheerfully at any ve.is-onabl. sacrifice: but repudiation and bad faith were not expected, and the authors of it cannot be held guiltless. Tlie expiring Congress took the precaution to discuss this measure in secret session; ;o tis a the individual act of the representative could not reach his constituents, and none could be annoyed during its consideration by be mur murs of public disapprobaiion being echoed back into the Legislative llall. And to in !. assurance doubly sure, they fixed the day bli the assembling of their successors, at ... tin-- 1 too late, to remedy the evil, or alibi'd adequate redress for the wrong. These secret sessions of Congress are ha coming a blighting curse to the country. They are used as a convenient mode of covering up from the people, such acts of expressions oi their representatives as will not bear inve.-u gation in the light of day. Almost every at -; of usurpation of power,oi ofbad faith. Ims been conceived, brought forth and nurtured, m .- eu.;. session. If I mistake not the British Parlia ment never discussed a single measure in se cret session timing the whole period of the Crimean War. But if it is necessary to discuss it few important military measures, such as may relate to the movement of armies, in secret session, it does dot follow that disom-s ions of questions pertaining to the ctin cuoy. the suspension of the writ ol habeas corpu . an : the like, should all be conducted in secret ses sion. The people should require all such m- s ures to be discussed with open doors, and ti.e press should have the liberty of reporting and freely criticising the acts of our public sc: v.t;i: e In this way the reflection of the popular '.fill back upon t-ie representative, would gener.Jiy cause the defeat of such unsound mea.um s. a < those which are now fastened upon the country in defiance of the will of the people. But dismissing the past and looking to the future, the inquiry presented ior our consider ation is, how shall the State author!ri-.-s . . the management of the finances of tlie State ‘ As the Confederate States Treasury notes c-.-n --stitute the currency of the country, she State has been obliged to receiveand pay them ou;: and, she must continue to do so, us long as tin y remain the only circulating medium. The present Legislature has very wisely adopted thepolicy, in the present depreciated condi tion of the current y, of collecting by t iv. . , e a sufticient sum in currency, to pay the t orrei. appropriation of the State Government: Li st, mi of adding them to the debt of too ' -. to be paid in future upon the gold basis. If ; e j State issues her own bonds and put them upon : the market, or if she issues her own Tivas- i urv notes redeemable at a future day iu h. r bonds, she adds the amount so is-;. ! to h i permanent indebtedness: and deiede t: 1 ]- - cy of paying as she goes; as her own bonds or notes, would then be our, and could not be r - deemed with the Confederate nous when re ceived iiito her Tie isury. If the State receives iu payment of 1...;- ; t; present Confederate Treasury note-- ,Lev •.. be reduced in amount one third by ad of Con gress alter Ist April next, and the State i ■ ing them at par pays a Confederat - t x i per cent upon all moncye that pass ti rough )■..; Treasury. This of course canno: bes tbiuitu-. to. The repudiation policy of Congress s. therefore, to have left ps but one nit; n.atirc : and that is to receive and pay out in.iv si;.-: sues of Confederate notes, as under the ...: - o. Congress pass at par, without the dedu . 33J or any other per cent. But as we are o' ti- ! ged to have funds be tee the time wi ,u now issues of Confederate notes can t Circulation, the question presented is how si; w supply the treasury in the mean time, in my judgment the proper plan will be t-> • Mate Treasuij- notes, payable on the 2o;b and of December next gt the Treasury, U ud in <• eh ! of the more important • tries ot’ ’hi- Confederate T reasury notes, of stab i-stt - may he mads after Ist April next, to 1.- u-,-,; ■■■. circulating medium. This enable-. ti„ - • anticipate the new issues, nnd use .tii! i j u vaneo of their circulation bv Coi.ie.i. r..i- I ! thority. The new- Georgia Ttcis;; v tlai- issue, would be iust as . . i.-sue oi Contoi- xu- uotes; beeauseii vai ;>LI taem. and would lnr as current in iV. . '• debts, 'llie act su- nid provide u hereafter due the aune for this ye.-.t- and all \- ptivable in the Confederate Treasury note the new issue, and that they shall 1,, , iu the treauiry, wb* a collected, to rodc-m t!.- . fcUte uvlte x*ay«uc W Ihcm. The «t v . .Xv .du . V .V. ;h, St to i: i shall be re- : i . a .. L ,k- notes received in ; ibree m liUuatiet liiey , . prevent I :i. -.a a»ay. and refusing tab ,/ in for p..vment when due;nc .. to the ter.ms of the c vi'ai-.ef. As the .- . ;:x ... !. : due till next fall, there will ho an • ••hi- t supply of tin- new Cons. derate n hi tin- ,'. tiion by th -.ctime. to obviate ail ...y hi yliauring them by oar jieople to pay the tax. i :..i i aud the passage of a joint res >lu .-. . : : : r S: - Gi.vernbr to have fundi* I :• the six pm c.*;,t. bonds, provided for by the .=. uil C mfeaerate notes which . . rem..n iu ue treasury, or may be in the : of any of ih financial agents of the -be, ajt >v the tils' day ot April next, an 1 to - . •- i' h bonds at their market - - - we.-, .t , .in be made available iin _• m : ’ to be ni .de- by the treasury : and i to ei'e-iii tb- tii-ur-rcr with any losses that may u ovi.- -.-on of the failure ot the bonds to j bring par in tire in irket. OEPHA-* a' f.-TATES. Gn uc i-n . • tho piescul depreciated value o; tne Corib.fi. rat? securities I recommend tlie hprizes executors, - : -ii - ' •it ■ ti,. sti-sS to invest the unfis in ■ l -■-- - uri ■ - ’. i- it enables unsernpu :-< ?■" ; ,-tr ;te fr mils upon lin ue ■" oi; reins ot}.- r helpless persons | .rcj.i ■ '-riteu by them; ar.-l in effect compels -i' v - Iheir -iv 1 v-i ib.-s frf rorvn-.-mi oouds, I yviiich no other ch-ss is rc- ..tired to do. fctiairona .-.n J r G- . : i ..f.,. ■f . -•.-. a-.,. .-. when I issue ij, .ty - t~ - • - ated are entitled i-j rc ' ‘i tv. ird to:- . -fun of the Gonfui'er .*•"'■ - 1 -.- - “ r- • --ii- g.iiiant oiu - j . v,-no lia-.-e l-.en cdectol by the people to t'i and- . 1 hom, as well us their • ><*•* • eivoiriy lated. furloughs were - 'i- - d'.-uli-d, in a p isitionVhere it -a -vi rill n- tens to attempt to dis ':"• -th< ii* diuies a» j teprefc'entat-ivvs oi the ;v - -.-. ' - Tlir. .NEW .UU.ITIA OHOA.MZATIOX ASH CONSC!UP TIOX. Since y'our adjournment in December, the Am line; n n| •r, >r Genera’, tinder my di reclluii. ha- -ii-'ie a!! in his power to press for w. the <«••; •!•!/. dioa ot tlie militia of the -i l l-, ill C •i.fiirintfy tn the act passed IV)** that :. i. >- -: ; ant! i Jut Vo tin: pi -asace to s'acej that generally made ; except in ,i few h- niiri'c. where proximity to the enemy .ii i it: ::;i(l the orgunhuthms vviil s-.v-n be coinplei -d. ■rt th.s n:.-.-- in onr prcceodinga, we are met v. ti ; ■ e.e obst-'Cks ,- thrown in our way by Ih : la:- iwt of (Jungress ; tvliich subjects \■: ‘.i-i.e 17 end dO, to enrollment as enp service. This act of G-V' S; • s prop :■ to take from the Stale, as ‘‘•v s .-:or.e on a i -riu.-y •.-a.-r-'-iou, her entire miii ; 1 r, ; ici .v. io K-omg • the active list, and to ■; - -k- ; without a force in the different cottu • : -..:.ici ;i ’ . execute iua- laws or suj>picss servile insuvrec:ion. Guv -iapi'.nac* Court-iias ruled, that the Cen feilm-ale go*, evn-iv-ut lias the power to raise ,Tmi. eoiiM ripti-m : hut it has not decided that it :•!h-is the power to enroll l .e whole j.-o ;>u, u’*.f ihe Kn-.te, who remain at home, -o •’ -pi - :he wiv.de oeople under.tlie mili eou-i-oi o: (.kmi'-ale 4 -ate govern',mint ; in UHk, Sfat--: a! 1 command eve. ; •• tl execute "their ov.u ii.vs ; i • ! i the ink ini' n dice regulations k tie: vniiii.i in ike ieuid- of the President. Ji -i " 1 :• :. armies,” and another, an. iii .il dh-.s; nt t -ing, to the wnole • ",mi lion-o uii.'.-t* military law. and e -- •• o ’) v ui!*-, t-i ci.mSjT a military h- ail, v.T'i. v . ;i vi - ■■ r the ceutral government ■ - .i-i.s • :■■ t.o ri: v a nviitmy pass in his P ; c!.- . u, .fv..u-.i bis iav.n,or aitfmds . - inn. Keviu-r a nov an ovm'seer enraged up>> - th, r:n. i.-e-- a biaek'-i ith making agri - ultur 1 n; .- is. i‘i>r ii vii’tcr griiidiug l-.,r tiie p, .-♦ 1 h' ■ 5-e : -,gs t.i, or oi.-n i.ut<.. Limited ivae* ; and teic.t is not t;-.- -w of c .is!utiomu jiowor veslo ! in the for: i.icrni” government, for con iC: i kkiand pu -ti.sg ii|i‘.-ie chlSscs, i’.i.ei -others iic.-vk-d in ■■ c>;e- in, iis.nailk iviiittuy tmo, v, hi in tini.iiin i,( li sue !.i diM-hargo tiiesj if ~ ii Cos-: ii : ; were ronstitutiokl!, as a in-MU-.i of mish-.-- armies by the Confederate government-, it could not be const!t-utivstal to v v.se.rilie riiose tiol ::.ciimfly needed, and to be emp: -1 in the army : and the oousl.ilutinmd ;i- v,, f i-> at- could lu-v.-r carry with 1 pev.-tv US Coilgl'Coi tO C- IlS'.Tibe til-.- wiiole i--- -■sv. k - in-- ii-st uesileil for the a mies. but, are i<-!i at home, because more useful there ; tin-1 place tlicra under military government, and compel them to gel. military details to pi-, w ■is tlieir fields, elioe their lam iiofses, or go to mill t s-- : jci-m earrted to this extent, is the cs * I ■ si : placing all civil rigidin .■ -i . f sd'i.-idination t > inili'ai'y p-nv-;- ; and putting the pmsonal freodotn of c.'is-h is-' ~: I.til in civil life, at die will cl'the ciiief of the mil '..e v p-T v.-r. But it may he sai l that cont.eri;iti-,n may out upon one class as le gally as anoUn-r ; oml that all classes ere equally subj-. : to it I nis is undoubtedly true. If the, governmcait lias a right to couscribc at all, it has a rigid to con scribe persons ot all classes, tib it hun raised enough to supply its ari.ii- . But it lias no right to go huther and con-ici ibe all. who arc by its own consent to remain tit home to make supplies. If ,t con - siit. r-; u, rii.-.t n <a-e ivy,.somebody must make II i :.ud . .o. o who do it being no paitoi th->. -.my. chould be exempt from conscription. ;>i; 1 .a,in'y.nice ol military dictalioti, wjiiio cmgagcd.in civil, aud notmihuiry pursuit.-. If all hetwt-c-n 17 and 50 arc to bo enrolled ait 1 placed in con-.a,it militpiy service, wo mis! eo .qtu-r the enemy while we are consum ing war p-.-e---.-nt crop of pi ot icioiis, or v,v are iii-.- ■! ; ,-i i; it will is- impossible for the old men 50, aud the boys under 17, to make snnplics enough h> feed our armies and people another year.- 1 think every practical mum th. Co.iieder.:. t who knows anything abou o-.'.r. io icaßur-1 h.tercets auu resources, will readily admit this. if. on tho ether hand, it Is not the intention to put toil se between 17 c.u-d Id and between 15 and f>>*, ii.u eg: vice, as sc-Wicrs but. to leave them a to pi lui .■ , pljes, and occa ri !i.-.liy *!-> poitce and other duties within Ibe State, which prapcily belor-g to the Militia of a State, or in oi.ia i word,:, if it is the intention simply ! j tIL-. conirni of them from the state; so .a : a deprive her of all power, and leive :.- vr'ult-. t suhh-iotil force to ex-ettlo he;-<-\v;- ; 1u; uv suepci sere.!'. iusuiTeetion: ami place the whole Militia oi ihe State, not need.i.l im e:: un st . vice in ti;-; Confederate ■ v 1 e- ~ ,'i o; the Bres* out, a • 'A-on . :.1 ia tlieir civil pursu ts, the act i-' .-- , i :-.:.d oppressive, and not to .be act .is exo' o ■ 1 in It’s State, it deprives I o. !7 t wc- t s.:iititi -t, t.s Congress has I so .foxi ; . t.s ii> include . . identical persons '-'Utboi:;: : p- v.:J at yttur lute ses ; - on'. «. -1 to ;; r th t <. mirol. of them all ; til e persons ; questionfor you to de- I v. ’.to are to .. by tue ac>, do not forbid I th-1 slv t-l.oa'a! pa-mu i.t.r orgat.kaiioa to be this i done,what ! will bo ocr condition i prefer, to answer by I ; tic Goviit.or cf Virginia : “A sovereign » the iiigiu . . ■ . -.a a wretch ed iiepen-. ;; to which t should grieve to see our ; ou i old Coninnmwfaltu reduced.” . t.-t- be i\ mir.-t- 1 th-v the enemy has three '.iu - -e mt-n, able to bear arms, we hitve r a ti ~t if is cecessaty to take all r • ■ -- it fit ;• r 7 i upon our ability to do y jail. But, jortnnate ly for vs. ;h - t- m>t t*;e case. While they '•av. iv.ti t - : .-is, we haVc other a i'. vl a., if . reV-f iy improved, they c.. .... ■ tue . *■ invaded and lor all that we expect car posterity to in ovr • a mo: e ji.s emm . ; who, as the in \ i - ! ■*. are w:o .' : ar-» tig:i ing tor ( c. .v;u {■ * • o ■■ •’ -iie iuner and shorter lines of defense, while they have the loss-or an 1 much more diiiirult t nes. For in .. ... i. / , .f, ~ • •.) reinforce Dalton, from ~ • ~ : ■ ■ p .; .t ■ Iroffl by t . : ■ . ■ . - . , .g ii ■ -r e.: c tic point to tite . jt t; e wisaes to reinforce i bT ... fiv-rn tVashtngtoa or' X.-w Oilcans.' no wifi tiircw hti t-.-o'ps zi i ; Ilf • II the circ-nm j ie .. ....... ;g v.C *iiecl taein With car rclnfoicvtuvai* t>> ibio-s-iag tuma acrctii the diameter of a seui, circle. Tins and fil*ron,.e in our favor t? its greattour to one. and cu -1 ables us. if e ar troops ate properly handled, to repei their assaults, with little more than otc fom th their number. in consideration of th-.-e, and numerous other advtoitages, wiileh an invaded people, united and i .-teimined to i e Ire--, always has. it is not wise policy for ms to undertake to keep in the field as large a number as the ea A my has. it is the duty of those iu authority, ia country engaged in a war which caiis lor ali tb resources at command, to consider wei; what prop.nion oi the whole population can -' ifely he kept under anas. In our present condition, surrounded by the enemv, and pur ports blockaded, so that we cm place bm lh;l dependence upon foreign supplies. v,e are obiigiul to keep a sufii-.ieut number of men in the agricultural fields t-) o ,ke aap’dieslor oui troops under arms, and their :amides at home or we must uhhuatelv fail. The policy which would compel all c.-ur nu n to go the Military field, and leave our farms uncultivated, and our woik-hopo vacant, would be the most fatal and unwise that could be adopted. In that case, the enemy need only avoid l-.it-le and comiane the ear till wo v.< ii some the supplies now on hand, and we would be comp etc-ly intl'eir power. There In a certain proportion of a people in our cu idiiion, who can remain under arms'nod the balance of the population at home < an »up j.'Ort them, ri >!ong as that props :-;i -u iVts not, been reached, more tti it safely be token; 1-ut -a ii is reached, i vt. nno teMn ti neTd of pr-.-Ui . .'on 1 .»»! piaOcu a > i-oet-uanr - . o n.; rt y field, nnkiti us that much weaker; i-ufi if we go far bey >nd toe proportion, lailme iiu - r.-.ai are im-ritubie as the army nfcnt conn il-fi ■ .vh“n t -’an no iong'df be : apptieo -it j j the n< - - - ot life. Till ie is rc o» to te. I that loose in authority lotvonot in;',.l- -'.sfeeal .ulutioi.s upon tuts potirt s-n-I that tti.-.vio not I ’Uby niq i-c ate the in, ri> iilnhle imyi r* . asot 1 'ho a: ;h aitural interests iu this wn%gle. j Wts am ah ; to keep i oiietanf v iliuler ai » ! t •; L’-J . ’ . • •if iU)J to i etippo.i 'hat to • j by onr own • - -toes : . to. nty ytCo emne .No power nor Suite can o- r be <Oll - eo long as it can main-ain licit number' of good troops. If the enemy should bring a million against in'-. let us remember that there i-s such a tiling as whipping the tight ■ without lighting- it. and avoiding pitched bat tles and iinnece ary collisions; let us givo tab vast lort-e time-to melt away under die heat of summer and the sfiowsof \v inter : as did X erxes army iu Greece and Napole in’s in lie -da. and the enemy’s resources and strength will exhaust when ho prodigally used, much nunc rapidly than ours, when properly economised. In pro perly economising our strength m:d Hsband ing our resources, lie our best hope of Success Instead of making constant new drafts upon the agricultural and niwhanioal labor of the country for recruits for the army, to .-veil our numbers beyond our present mustei rolls, which must prove onr ruin if our provisions fail, 1 vespcctfiiiiy submit that it w«uld be wiser to put the troops into ibe urc-y, find leave men enough nt h-'-uie to support ;Vein. In ctiurWotdf, com pel the thousands of jottu-g oliicers in gold lace and brass buttons, t ho are c:.-u rmully s-.-eu crotv.liag onr railroads cntl ho tels- niinjy of whom can eeidont be found at th-iv posts; and the thousands of sti-iggling soldiers who.aio absent without leave, or, by the favoritism of officeii;, whose panics aie on (be pay rods, u;vd who are Dot prod -,is at home, to remain at their places in the army. This is justice alike to the country-, to the tax payers, to tho gallant oliicers who stand firmly at the post of duty, aud the gailantsoidiors who seldom or never got furloughs, but are always in the thickest of the fight. When th-jy' < "BH 1 ' enduring aid suffering so much, why should the favorites of power nfid those of iheir com rades who seek to - avoid duty and danger, be countenanced or tolerated at home, while the 1 names stand upon tho muster rolls? fl ail who are able for duty, and who are now nominally ia service drawing ply from the Government, are compelled to do their duty faithfully, there will bo no no- dol com pel ling men'over -i-Vto leave Iheir homes, or of disbanding the State militia to place more men under the President’s control. COXFTICT WITH THE COSTEnfiRATE GOVESXJJSIJT, But it may be sii it!•; 1 1 an attempt to main tain the rights of the Stale will produce con ilivt with tho Confederate Govci umeiit. lam aware that llwrc are those who, from lU'ivves not i ece-.siwy to be iiere nfo'nlionoU, iflß vi*i ready to raise the ciy of conflict, and tb cHti ci.-i nail contk-uiu the action of Georg'-a, in every case where her constituted authorities protest againt iho euuroachmentrTol t.h-_* eeu tial power, aud seek to maintain her dignity and sovereignly as a ‘Rate, aud the constitu tional rights and liberties of her people. Those who —e uufriendly to fitat-e sovon-ign ty and desire to corn,olid te all power in the hands ot the Confedmnte Government, iioping to promote their undertaking by* operating up- the fears of the timid, after each new ag ression upon the constitutional rights of tiie ' lies, fill the imw.-paper presses with the cry of conflict, and warn tho people to beware of those wl io seek to maintain their constitutional rights, as agitators or partisans who may.embar nn s too Confederate Government in the prose cution of the war. Let not the people be deceived by this false clamor. It is the same cry of conflict which the Lincoln government raised against till who. deluded'the rights of the Southern States against its tyranny. It is the cry which the usurpers of power h ive ever raised against those who rebuke their encroachments and ro i'use to yield to their aggressions. When did Georgia embarrass tlie OonfMe- rate Government iu any matter 'pertaining to the vigorous prose-at ion of the war? When and i I she fall to furnish more than her-full quota of troops, when she was called upon as a State bv the proper Confederate authority? Afid when did her gallant sous ever quail before' the enemy, or fail nobly to illustrate her o!ur actcV upon the battle held ? She can not only re; o', the attacks of her otic mies on the fie.d oi. deadly conflict, tnit.she c ot as proudly repel the assaults of tiios • who, ready to bend tho knee to poser for position an l patronage, set themselves up to critieise tier conduct, aud she can confidently challenge them to point to a single instance iu which she has failed to fit! a requisition for troops made upon her through the regular constitutional i banned. To the veiy lad requisition made she responded with over double the number lequireJ. she stands ready at all times to <!-. her whole duty to the cause aud to the Confederacy, hut while she does this, she will never cease to re quire that her constitutional rights be respect ed and the liberties of her people preserved. While she deprecates ail conflict with tl.O Con ledcr itc Government, if to require these be conflict, the conflict will never end tilt the ob j *ct is attained. ‘•For freedom's battle once begun, Bequeath’d oy bleeding sire-to son, - Though baffled oft is ever won,” will be emblazoned in letters of living light upon her proud banners, until State sovereign ty and constitutional liberty, as well as Con federate independence, arc firmly established. 6f.--.m-.SIOX OF TUE HABEAS CORK'S. I carm,ot withhold the expression of the deep mortification I fee! at the late action of Con gress in attempting to suspend the privilege of the writ of Ilaheas Corpus, and to confer upon the President powers expressly denied to him by the Constitution of the Confederate States. Under pretext of a necessity which ciu- whole people know docs not exist in this case, \iiat evof may have been the motives, our Congress with the assent and at the request of the Ex ecutive, has struck a fell blow at the liberties of the people of these b;ates. The Constitution ol the Confederate States declares that, “ The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not he suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the pub lic safety may require it.” The power to sits pond the habeas coip.ts at ali is derived, not from express and direct delegation, but from implication only, and an implication can never be raised in opposition to an express restric tion. In case of any conflict between the two, an implied power must always yield to-express restrictions upon its exercise. 'The power to suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus derived by implication must therefore be- always limited by the express declaration in the Constitution that: ••The light of the people to he secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated ; and no warrants shall i-sue bat upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly uescribi g the place to L-e- searched, and the poisons or things to be s< ized.’’ anu the further declaration that, “ no person shall be deprived iff life, liberty or property, without due piocess of mw.’’ And that, • in nil ciiminal prosecutions the accused -! ak enjoy the ngsit of a speedy and public trial by an imi-avtial jury of the Stale or D.s ilia I WUC*IO tell* Clilii*.' i:&v*o L*C*yQ CODirjiit* : •’f which district siu.lt have been previously ascertained by law, and to bo informed of the P-i-.uu ana the cause ot tho accusation; to be cc.n.-ontvd with the witnesses against him ; to have compu-aoiy pro.ve.-s ior obtaining witness es m b-.s lav oj; and to ii.*v« me as»i-uincc of couqn*i ior hie deituto " t *-y; R » a-i'ietc guaranty of tne v-.agti- * leLi-aE. Ih.lt tin- (.-.'ioOixi’ 1 o! the pcr-p-ie r-ball be- -.re. mid "Do warrants shall - issue,'' bm upon probable cause, supported by oath or af firmation,'' particularly dost tubing "the per sons Jo b.* seized:'* that, "no person shall be deprived of liberty, without due process of law*- and that in -all criminal prosecutions" the accused shall enjoy the right of a speedy ur.d public trial by an impartial jury." 'i he Constitution also defines the now rs of the Executive, which are limited to those del egated, among which there is no cue, author izing him to issue warrants or older arrests of persons not in actual military service: or to; sit as a judge in any ease, to try any person fur a criminal offense, '-r to appoint any court or tribunal to do ii. not provided for in the Cm stiturion as part of the judii iary. The potter to issue warrants and try persons under cri;ji nal accusations are judicial powers which bt long under th* Constitution, exclusively to *.i» ■ judiciary end not to the Executive, iiis p or ei to order arrests as Coinmander-iu-Chiei is strictly a military power, r-ud is eoutiued to ih: arrests of persons subject to military power, a t.i the arrest of persons in the army or navy of the Confederate -States; or iu the militia, when •11 tlie actual service of the Confederate State-: and do s not extend to any persons in civil life, unless they be followers of tiie camp or within the lin s 0: the annv. This is clear f-.oiu that provision of the Constitution which de clares that, “ N 1 person shall be held to answer for' n (Sfefitalor otiierwse infamous crime, unless on irpi-est otmeni or iudietment of a grand jury, --i-iiuc fn “•-* ’ 'W- n . yjj p themtittia wfcct - ~n ■' service in i -VJI- -r public and .-er. .( ,-v.- hi he l-- r of iho i'rci-i,' . omi' ••*.:.•; -in !*' •- t ".b 'hi - his p-.-v ..- . duties •1 ; .cs - i-f perse..* ”- • 4 land or |r- he mild!* ' •• : .- -: :ii ! Sf-'.-i-'v. 1-. leu -.y defiu-'d ’*y te- : -,!n a--- 0 'll I -tel. C 1 - -- Toy ... -. , ide’-.R, o .an ;:-;esi ■ 'on- - < ;<!• r hi» order. Or ~ ps. !in coil 1. .ui not '"d>'ec, to military c< maud, is illegal and .. violation oi the Uonstitniion , to- tfi- 'Me f.-.- Con ;ri - by implication : !.c ’ '•* th light to exercise powers 01 an cat. expre.-Mv forbidden to hi.-n by the Constitution. Any effort on the part of Congress to do this is but an attempt to revive tlie odious pra.tue of 01 deripg political arrests, or issuing letters ok C-iflhd by loyal prerogative so long since to Uoui-eed by our English ancestors; and the de nial oi' the right of tlie constitutional judiciary to investigate such cases, and the provision lor 'creel ing a court appointed by the Executive and changeable at his wi'l, to take jurisdiction of Iho same, are in violation of the great prin ciples oi Magna Charta, the Bill of Rights, tlie Habeas Corpus act, and the Constitution of the Confederate States, upon which both English and American liberty rest ; and are but an at tempt to revive tiie odious Star-Chamber court of England, which in Hie bands of wicked kings was used for tyrannical purposes by the crown until it was finally abolished by act of parliament, of Kith Charles the first, which went into operation on the first of August, lfll 1.. This act has ever 'since been regarded as one of the great bulwarks of English liberty ; and as it was passed by the English Parliament to secure our English ancestors against the very •-.me character of arbitrary arrests which the late act of Congrats is intended to authorize the President to make ; I append a copy of it befhis mo-sage, with the same italics ail'd small capita! letters which arc used in the printed copy in the book from which it is taken. Jt wiil be seen that the court of “Star-Cham ber,” which was the instrument in the hands of the Euglish king, for investigating his ille gal arrests and catrying out his arbitrary do crees, was much more respectable on account of,the character, learning aud ability of its members than tlie Confederate Star-Chamber, or court of “ proper officers,” which the act of Congress gives the President power to appoint to investigate his illegal arrests. . i uni aware of no instance in which the Brit ish king lias ordered the arrest of any person in civil life, in any other manner than by juoi ci.il warrant, issued by the established courts of the realm ; or in which he has suspended, or attempted io suspend tho privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, since the Bill of Right.; and act of settlement passed in 1089. To at tempt this in 1804 would cost the present reign ing Queen no less price than her crown. The only suspension of the privilege of the wri. of habeas corpus known to our Constitu tion, and compatible with the provisions al- I'uad.v stated, goes to the simple extent, of pre venting the release under it of poisons whose ane.-ds have been ordered under coiuititurion<il warrants Irotn judicial authority. To this ex tent the Constitution allows the suspension iu ease ofTe bell ion or invasion, in order that the accused may be certainly and safely held for trial; but Congress has no right under pretext of oxercis ug this power, to authorize the i’res ident. to make illegal arrests prohibited by tho Constitution ; an I when Congress has attempt ed to confer such powers ou tiie President, it fie should order such.‘illegal arrests, it would be tho imperative duly of the judges who have solemnly sworn to support the Constitution, to disregard tueh unconstitutional legislation, and grant, relief to persons so illegally imprisoned ; and it would be the duty o.’ the Legislative a--d Executive dep'arnionts of the -States to sustain and protect the judiciary in the discharge of this obligation. By au examination of the act of Congress, now under consideration, it will be seen ihat it is not nn act to suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in case of warrants issued by judicial authority : but tlie main purpose of the act seems to be to authorize the President to issue warrants supported by neither oath nor affirmation ami to make arrests of persons not in military service, upon charges of a nature proper for investigation in th* judicial tr bunals only, mid to prevent the Courts from inquiring iu to such arrests, or granting relief against such illegal usurpations of power, which are in direct aud palpable violation of the Constitu tion. The act enumerates more than twenty differ ent causes of arrest, most of which are cogniz .tide and tryable only in the judicial tribunals established by the Constitution ; and for which no warrants can legally issue lor the arrest of persons in civil life by any power except t-lu: judiciary; and then only upon probable cause supported by Oath, or affirmation, particularly describing the persons to be seized ; such as “treason' “treasonable efforts or combina tions to subvert the Government of the Con fedeiato Stales,” “conspiracies lo overthrow the Government,’’ or “conspiracies to resist the lawful authority of the Confederate States,” giving the enemy “aid and comfort,” “attempts to inc h; servile insurrection,” “the burning of bridges,’’ “Railroad,” or “Telegraph lines,’’ “harboring deserters,” and “other offences against the laws of the Confederate States,” ,vt\, &o. And as if to place the usurpation or power beyond doubt or cavil, tlio act expressly declares that the -“suspension shall apply only to the case of persons, arrested or detained by the President, the Secretary of War, or the Geni-re? ru'iicer o-MM-ra-tm-dfßg the Ti«wte t, p; sippi Military Department, by authority and under the control of the President,” in the cases enumerated in the act, most of which are exclusively of judicial cognizance, and in which cases the President has not the shadow of Constitutional authority to issue warrants or order arrests, but is actually prohibited by the Constitution from 'Mug so. This then is not an actio suspend the privi lege of the writ of habeas corpus, in the man ner authorized by implication by the Constitu tion; but it is an act to authorize the President to make illegal aid unconstitutional arrests, in cases which the Constitution gives to the judi cPry, and denies to the Executive ; and to pro hibit all judicial interference for the relief of the citizen, when tyranized over by illegal ar rest. under letters de cachet issued by Executive authority. Instead of the legality of the arrest being ex amined in the judicial tribunals appointed by the Constitution, it is to be examined in the Confederate Star Ciiamber : that is, by officers appointed by the President. Why say that the “President shall cause proper officers to inves tigate’’ the legu’.itv of arrests ordered by him V Whvnot permit the fudges, whose constitu tional right and duty "it is to do it ? We are witnessing with too much indiffer ence assumptions of power by the Confederate government which in ordinary times would arouse the whole country to indignant rebuke and stern resistance. History teaches us that submission to one encroachment upon consti tutional liberty is always followed by another; and we should not forget that important rights, yielded to those in power', Without rebuke or protest, are never recovered by the people without revolution. If this act is acquiesced in, the I’rcsidenl. the Secretary of War. and the commander cf the Trans Mississippi'! department under the control of the President, each inis the power conferred by Congress, to imprison whomsoever lie chooses : and it is only necessary to allege that it is done on account of ‘-treasonable efforts’ or of "conspiracies to resist tue lawiul autho rity of the Confederate States,” or “for giving aid and comfort to the enemy,’ or other of the causes of arrest enumerated in the statute, and have a subaltern to tile bis affidavit according ly, aft. r the arrest if i writ of habeas corpus is sued out, and no Court dare inquire into the oau-e of the imprisonment. The statute makes the Fiesident and not the courts the judge of the .suffi'-.eocy of thy cause for his own acls - Lither ol you or any other citizen of Georgia, m- i y at any utuij*c r t Air. Vaßandigram - • . a. bt ; *1- j tug*-, h,, imp-i.-«.-ueo at the j wiil of ii - ; -,t, ui-tm the pretext that you leave ! x.u gii , ,- -me offense of. the chain.fier above 1,1:11 1. , • ' no court kuor.'u to ou' j.; . ary. lan 1; . fine inlo the wrong x>r grant!, i it*. W.'ieu Mi -a b,:. i- rides t >wards military 1! u .in i : ■_ vi ry a; e lak-ltl l).v tiu ho hhvc b-.<‘n pi .1 i-.Li,- . < fii i p to ga red and p:. . ci c-ei.etituii- r .1 and personal liberty: it is the ditty of every patriotfc citizen to Hound H e e.larin: :l of tint State* ■Legis’.a tiiK .es ii .. i--; : m- s, to those who a.-.-ai*‘.- - -. .■ . .« ;•. absolute power, that the:’. ;-..p- ... r,. . . . wbi-b Uecmeu will not permit er • -r ■' ! ramls o go. Th-- Lee:.-! e. or. o the r,a.j*- olive States are looked io a.-" Ibe -xi or. linns e; the rights of those wi- -it. .n:..i it is their duty ■ upon the liberties ri e:u joe pu-mnSy ; and express their u i.pi iiitioj con-te-mnati-in ; and to ia struct th. ;r u it- r. n qa---; ihcii 8.-preson ts.tires-to vi’p tt loi: me-: mor.atu-us act, or • re.-ign •: 1 ’.st wliic*. by : -rmitiiag it to remain on;'.-' it:; in-ok t-o-y a bus**, io the iniury i of rir.-o. ■-•- !i-> imve l-.m'.oicd t! -. m with their confide: j--, ia ihi; : fry:a ; p- ri*’ii of onr his tory. I ».*.»•-t\> r:v.»:i men-.t that the Legis- Ei:i-.*-e of ti.N State t ike p,v .--i.-r notion upon - i-i-. -.1 L with the ta! of the ■ ' ividigmint rcb.K Can the Pn-sfiicrrt r r t : fi t'x ifili -7 . , <-f the 1 <!m ■ c > iwers .. . . uik. •• > Coils:i••• -.in: ■’ * - -'. i... o ti;.- .. e . - ' t ,i- .When. l;a vc th -.- cwh-.n-c-sed the 1 go; ■ .... 1 •. -i. io-- : skulker" j or sp ave t'-.c , - ance given the U-'v n-'i. ! the W *. ... ' • r doubts L. FU-Aalntui.q: »’ h.-y ' inigiit-* *t.--:e!;y - •t to *:' - the lig-us tri tate-.N. -.mi to . : v subs ten fist iiwtb- .vH-c p,..- .... y.,y -. .- impljei! K I mo' - ■ i u. - M 1-, > ’ . *•- t’lm-. .uunli I" .. , -'• • i-i - -H, .'I iu... fotiixl Hie r:-, , ie , o, hwhuwt u> i \ .-ry eu croisch'ii 'iii railj. '■ •!. m-.ke an issue with the Govcrnmwifiie iu- aye at wav with tlie eu*- emy ; and Pave i.u i!.at le.'count been embold ened to t ike the : -•!.) v.iiirb is intended to make the Prcsid-.uil .- -.P-.-alutc iii his power of arrest and itpnri-onment ’ ■ the Czar of all the Ufissians'; Whati-eocptimi would thememliers ot Congress fi<-ui the dih-.-rent States have met in IS;'. I, liad they - rta.-d to their vonstituents and informed them (hat they had suspended Iho habeas eo: pus an.! given the President the pow er to imprison the people of these States with no restraint upon hi sovereign wi!! ? Why is liberty less sacred now than it was in 1801 ? And what will we have gaim\'j when we have achieved our independence of the Northern Stales . if in our effort to do'so, we have per mitted our form of government to he subvert ed, and h ive i ; t Uriustitulional liberty at home ‘ The hope of Hie -country now rests in Hie new Corign . s.. :i f.• ... embie. They must maiiihiin our lit , r'rcs r. aiu- t encroachment and wipe this and all ;-;tch stains Irotn the stat ute book, or :he San ot liberty will soon set in darkness uO-i bloe-i. Let tue . on- i oifed authorities oi’ each State send up to their tvpres- ntatives when they as somblo in Cengre-s. an unqualified demand for •prompt rcU- ci.; or a return of the commissions which they hold l.'.jin their respective -States. TUB UAUSi; OK THU WAR, UOW t'OXDUCTHD, AND WHO tiKsi-OXSteJ.I-. Cruel, bhiody .1 -sohitiug war- is still waged ns onv re ntlt-ss enemies, v, ho dis regarding tho 1.-’.ws of nations and the mies of civilized warfare, whenever either interferes with iheir fanatical ot-jects or their interact, have in nun; ■- as instances been guilty of worse than savage cruelly. They have done :tri in their power to hum our ciih-s vv iu-n unable by tlieir skill and valor to occupy them; a:ul to turn innocent women and children who m y h. "o escaped d< a lit by the shells 1 brown amoß-; them v.-itii nit. previ OHS not ice, into tiie :-ir.-ct« destitute of homes, food and oiotiiL.g They have dvV;u,tatcii cur country wherever Ihoir unhallowed .----I h.i-.'-i i: -d on. soil, burn ing and destroy: ia-.-ff .. miiiu. agricultural implements, u:-.i o-.iirr valt-:.i;.t! property. '! Lev have orm Ly i p L. -I our sous v.-nile in i qjUviiy, and in violate,a oi a cartel agreed upon,-have HdJUrid to o:,camigo them with us for ti: • v own - --iff ;.- unit ra we would consent, against ii).-o. v.; .-: . i.o liau; .o c-tir siav- .-• us b:’!' ip --: 0t,., wi.v’i truliß-cl or forced by them 13 up .>r ,;s s.-pairt us. Ti.ey ffivvc d-aie ait ;:i ti:cir power to incite our -lave:: t > iosiinee! icii tii-.d murder, and when uaalib- 1.0 a dm e ti.. :n trom tfi.-ir loyal ty. bate when they occupied our country com-' pcik-.l tli. c: to i vu*> Rg-.iii!--’ it.-. They i ave r bb. ,i a.; of our aegro women and I'hiidiiM wi.-o wert. <-onrfortable. t.-nteute ! and i'-ippy villi tin-ir f-wiii ■ . and under pre text ot cxtiam. .l iiei y ; hilatithropy, have in the name of liberty, congregated thousands of them together in pi .<•■., where they could have neither the comfort n.u the in*ce:,-=itricß of life, there neglected un id : pised, to die by pesti lcnco aud hunger. . in mtmevou. ifisiauecs their brutal soldiers have violated V. u of our iuuocent and helpless women ; and have diy-.-cratcd the graves of our auecste-rr-. and polluted aud dc f.k-d the ait v. !fif o i.avo 'dedicated to the worship if the 1,1 vi .. Go,!. In addition l-i tin-: "mid other - enormities, hundreds of thou urn', of yalualde lives Got 1 1 North and South Lave la o fucr.uiced, causin' theS'!;i»kof tit.; tm.-tln-r, the wait of tho wid ow, and the cry of the orphan, t < ascend to Heaven, from almost every hearthstone iu all the broad ia.it I one,* kno-.vu us the United States. Sm h is but a fa; i piettire of tie devastvlion, cruelty mid blooddiyd, wotefi have tn.uked this struggle. War iu'i! most mil - ruled fortn, when con ducted a- ink ng to ine ink.’ c; tabiinhed by the most erdi -bi-m •! :.!Ul civilized nations is a terrible, scourge, and cm:no. exist without the most enormous guilt renting upon the heads ol those 1 , who ha? • wit bout just- cause, brought it upon the inner.-nt and helpless people who are its unfortunate victims. Cud,. may rest in unequal de,..,! . in a rLiug^ie-like this, upon both parties, but both cannot be innocent.— Where 1 turn rest tip 1 " is iii;: load of guilt? While I trust l si, ilk: , Yu; *o show that it rests not upon the pc,-, Y nor rulers of the South, 1 do not cl :im Cut it rested at the commoner -••! of the struggle upon tho whole people of the .forth. There war a 1 ir-ye intelligent and patriotic portion of tbc people of the Northern States, led by such no n I’., no, Douglas, Yalland ngham, Bright, Vooriiirs lhigb, Seymour,' Wood, and me y oti-s.r.honored names, who d ; d all in their po., rto rebuke and may the wicked : ' hi:.., ~o -.iießrn .which pm i pit iv ied the two uii, i*. i.-e.i till terrible contUct. With such men as these in p- v r, wo might have lived lb. r* .her iu’TTi.'-'U.eTtifl'perpeCfTytTiy.''" In audition to the siren gib of the Democratic party in the North there wet -a invite number of pel - ins whose education had brought them into sympathy with- Hus so called Uepublican, or iu other wor I:-:, 11.-; old federal consolida tion parly, who v.-<>. id never have followed the wicked leaders of that perfy who n?«l the .sla very q . Hti-'-u a.-, an ;; -by upon . hleh to ride into power*and who to day .-find before Heav en and Earth f~ iity of shedding the blood of hundreds ot thoHsare!H, and and ,-troying the brightest lie,-' 1 - < !>ie ; oh y. ‘had they known the true objeci of tlt-ir lenders, and tho rc-.-ult which must follow the triumph of their policy at tiie ballot box. The moral gu’ll of this vor rested then in its incipience neither upon tho people of the South, nor upon t’>'i and .-’noctatic pariy of the North, or up--a Bail part of the Republican party who wer -deluded and deceived. But it rested upon the heads of the wicked leaders of the ItepubUcan party, who had rqfu :ed to be bound by the compact sot tho Constitution made by our c- anion ancestry. These men when in power in the rc-pee ive S ates of the North arrayed themxeives in open hostility against an important provisU toi the Consti tution, for the s. " i' :.y < f cU-atiy expressed and unquestionable lights oi the people of tho Eouthen .States. Many of the more fanatical of them, de nounced the Constitution because of its pro tection of the j>i - periy of the slaveholder, as a ‘•covenant with death and a league with Hell,” and refusing to b-o hound by it, declared that » “higher 1 cv” was 1 1: • role of their conduct, and appealed to tho Bible as that “higher law” But when the pi ;e.s of Godin favor of slavery were feu;;-! in both the old and new testament they u p. luue.t ii,e Jiible t.r.-l its Divine Author, and <;:-e;ti::-d so an auti-Slave ry I;’;-:.- 1. dun . an y God. Tho aboinion !.; - y n.c.ticr i, lit-n in power i peutive Si tea, --. t at n night that the.Cocslitntion which guarantees pro tection to tiie tin ! projwrly of the Southern people, and b.tvii:,: bv fi iud and misreprcscntKlion f-b: .:m -1 p-..5-;-. i;>n of the federal gr-vcfi-;r- .1. t;:e ;G lo in self-defence v. itonio-vt-td to leave the Union in which tiicir lights were no longer tcepactcl. Having <le i.tiyed tue Union by their wicked acts and th-ur hail faith, *| leadeis, iallied a un-jouu of t:w ix- ple or tec ; North to their .- -i-t-o.r with a ffiomit-.; to ies- . tore it again by ivi-v- .-f -•i.-wom- i nan . that a Union winch was JOinivU upon a ccm piau i etweeu sovereign Slates, being eruinen riy a creature of consent, is to be upheld by force. But monstrous as it is. the war springs ostensibly trom this source—this, is its origin its - out and its life, so tar as a shadow ot pro test tor if cun be found. In their mad effort to restore by force a Union which they have di snoyed, and to save themselves from the just veil .eance which awaited them tor their dimes: the abolition leaders iu power have righted up the continent with a blaze of war, wh ch has destroyed hundreds of millions ol dollars worth of property, and hundreds of thousands of valuable' lives, and loaded pos sterity wi:h a debt which must cause wretched ness and poverty for generations to come. And all tor what? That fanaticism might triumph over constitutional liberty, as achieved by the gioat men of 177 G. and that ambitious men in-.gtu ha ve puree and power. In their efforts to lies troy our liberties, the people of the North it successful would inevitably lose their own, by overturning as they are uow attempting to do, the great prin.-iplies of Republicanism upon which constitutional liberty rests. The gov ernment in the hands of the abolition admin p tration is now a despotism as absolute as that of Russia, Unoffending citizens are seized in their beds at night by armed force and dragged to dun geons anil incarcerated at the will of the tyrant, because they have dared to speak tor constitu tional liberty, and to protest against mi itary despotism. The Habeas Corpus that great bulwark of liberty, without which no people can besccuie the rx;;. i: h ser, ,- !I- ,u .m* A filch J‘"' ls r • t;vt< the i.- t.-y the sturdy j ■Hi'" •' ;> r, -hr point <af t’’e bayonet, ! -I ch m; " -r 'a-. -. '■ is t if every Ainei 1 : ■ ti .o wU.i whit it I pray God may never, under pretext of military necessity bt- 'yielded Jv . -rroa-Linen’ hr the people of the South; hiisleeo iriunpl. ! ui.-fi r foot by the Govern meat at Washington, v- - '- imprisons at its] nl.- »urg whomsoever it «-iii ’ ’ti-- !ifti-doiii ;ho bailor- box has also beau destroyed and \t <■ elections have b -. nVatried th- veraVing influence of mititarv fi» ml- i pretext o' K.eepiiig ran ouyugh hi j * o: ■ abd,.e ri.o Sooth, Tramhai . coin hikes ease io keep enough to hold tho North iu sub jection also—to imprison or exile I hose who attempt to sustain finer ancient rights, liberties, and usages, and to drive from tho ballot box those who are not subservient to his will, or enough of them to enable bis , artv to carry the elections. Can an intelligent Northern Conservative man contemplate this state of things, without exclaiming whither me we drifting ? What will we gain by the sub jugation of the South, if iu our attempt to do it wo must lose cur own liberties ; and visit up. n ourselves and our posterity the chains cl mil itary despotism ? • llow long a people once free will submit to tlie despotism of such a government the future must develop. One thing is certain, while those wh o now rule remain in power in Washington tho people of the Sovereign States of America can never adjust their difficulties. But war, bloodshed, devastation, and increased indebt edness, must be the inevitable result. Theie must fie a change of administration, and more moderate councils prevail in tho Northern Slates before we can ever have peace. While subjugation, abolition, and confiscation are the terms offered by tilt- Federal Government, the Southern people will resist as long as the pa triotic voico-of woman can stimulate a Guerilla band, or a single armed soldier to deeds of dar ing in defence of liberty and homo. i have said the South is not the guilty party, in this dreadful carnage, and 1 think it not inappropriate t lint t-..e reasons should bo often lepeatoa ut the bar of an intelligent public opinion ; IhdHbttr own neopie and the world sliouid liave-‘Pine upon line’'and “precept up on precept,” “here a little and there a little,’’ “in seanion and out of season,” as some may suppose, to show the true nature of this con test—the principles involved—the objects of ihe war on our side, as well as that of the ene my, that all light minded men every where may see and understand, that this contest is not of cur seeking and that we have had no wish or desire to injure those who war agrinst us, except so-fa. as Ills been necessary for the protection and preservation of ourselves. Our sole object from tlie beginning has been to de fend, maintain and preserve our ancient usa ges, customs, liberties, and institutions, as achieved and established by our ancestors in th" revolution of 177 G. That Revolution was undertaken to establish two great rights— Sovereignly—aud self- M>vM'ument, Upon these the Declaration of ii.depe.nd.-nee \nßr‘|fet*dictited, and they were the Corner Stone upon which the Constitution rested. Th" denial ot these two great princi ples cost Great Britain her American Colonies which bad so long been her pride. And the denial of them by the Government at Wash ington if' persisted in, must cost the people ol the United States the liberties of themselves and tlieir posterity. ’Tiics. are the pillars upon which the temple of Constitutional liberty stands, and if tiie Northern people in their mad effort to destroy Urn Sovereignty of tlie Southern States and take L oin our people the rights of self-government, should be able, with tt:ostrength of an ancient Sampson, to lay hold upon the pillars and overturn the edifice they jnust necessarily in crushed beneath its ruins, as the destruction of State Sovereignty and tlie right of self gov ernment in the Southern Slates, by the agency of the Federal Government, necessarily in volves tho like destruction in the Northern States; as no people can maintain these rights for themselves who will shed the blood of their neighbors to destroy them iu others. It is ini poHsible for half the States of a Confederacy, if they arsist the central government to destroy the rights and liberties of tho other half, to maintain their own rights aud liberties against iho central power after it has crushed theirCo- States. The two great truths announced by Mr. Jef ferson iu the declaration of Independence and concurred in by all the great men of the revo lution were, Ist, •* That Governments derive their just powers from the consent of the gov erned.” 2nd, “That these United Colonics are, and ol right ought to be free and independent States.” Wo are not to understand by tho first great tmth that each individual member of the ag gro;,'He mass composing the State must give iris consent before he can be justly gov erned; or that the consent of each, or a particular class of individuals in a Staid is necessary. By the “governed” is evidently here mejit communities and bodies of moil cap? able of organizing and maintaining govern ment The “consent of the governed,” refers to the aggregate will of the community or State in its organized form, and expressed through its legitimate aud properly constituted organs. In elaborating this great truth Mr. Jefferson in the Declaration of independence nays, that governments are instituted among men to se cure certain “ inalienable rights”—that “ among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happi ue,m;”_“ that, whenever any form of government, becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to insti tute anew government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.” According to this great fundamental principle the Sovereign -States of America, North and .South, can only be governed by their ow'n con sent, and whenever the government to which they have given their consent, becomes destruc tive of the great ends for which it was formed, they have a perfect right to “ abolish it,” bv withdrawing their consent from it, as the Colo nics diil from the British Government, and to form a “ new government,” with its foundations laid on such principles, and its powers organized in such form as to iheni may seem most likely lo effect their safety and happiness. Upon the application to tho present controversy, of tiffs gn at principle, to which the Northern -States are as firmly committed as the Southern States, Georgia can proudly challenge New York to trial before the bar of enlightened public opin ion, and impartial history must write the ver dict in her favor, and triumphantly vindicate her action in the course she has pursued. .N A only all the Sovereign States of America have heretofore recognized this great truth; but it has been recognized by the able and enlight ened Emperor of the Frtffich, who owes his pre sent elevation to the “ consent of the governed.” He was called to the Presidency by the free suffrage or consent ol the French people, and. when he assumed the imperial title lie again submitted the question to the “governed” at tho ballot lmx, and they gave their “ consent.” At the recent treaty of peace with the Empe ror of Austria he ceded an Austrian province to France, and Napoleon refused to “govern it,” till the people at the ballot box gave “ their con sent” that he should do so. The Northern States of America arc to-day, through the agency of the despotism at Washing ! ton; waging a bloody war on the Southern States, I | to crush out this great American principle, an-I I nounced and maintained in a seven years war, ! by our common ancestry, after if has won the j r.pjisoSation of tho 'ablest and most enlightened ; sovereign of Europe, i„ discussing this great principle, I can but remark, botv strange is the contrast between the conduct of the Ernperor Napoleon, and that of Prescient Lincoln. Napoleon refuses to govern a province till a majority of the people at the ballot box has gi v en their consent, Lincoln, as-, ter havsnir , ‘ *vcr to destroy tuo -retcom .1,1. in Ik- ' ' '■ - llll: ; unce6 govern mination to - - -i; E olith i>7 Gownment ot IK , t lhose who at thobaUl, :.ri'-; 11 :i„- - consent of the c • c the people, hut loose who v c . .. .• J c '.. lfnth of the poop! „= th.- S:.;-'o. Knowing that he can uev., K.-.e -n th... .- -. iii, H lO •*consent .' M ‘ ; '■ ■ rtn* t .-,-!uation of Independence mi ri,. md x-laims to “ e v ' : ' n. these tate . nol by tile ‘ coi Hei, •: . .verned.” hut by mili t-'LV p over -o ~ ... !:,- an find ojh- tenth of tiie e.ive ;:e. huniih.it.',l enough to give their consent,. h’l. jar i„- * i • - i.i-uck with the afisur “fiy n f '■ p- ■■ «in V !l hi ; - this ex inu:r,i:n.i.-\ i- ■ i . :i. 11,- rays, in substance, the ( mu-: K u i;i;es lifrn to guarantee to eaeii o, He a i, - , n i- .tn oi government. A1 ' - :r . ' - ■ a.- mu ibis provis ,o-‘ u! t;: - ■■■ - • H.at,S.rsoon I s oae “ ,l ; :l ■ -■ i’l of oi the seceded ••’tar. :. t r , i-gh to take an c. iff! .0 sap; . '*.. acts, and at i.ie > :.:::,* t . • fiiutiotl, and J;** 11 L. will permit <licet to <• - . • ievcnioK'at, and will rccoaa;: a ti. .a ..a .-. . ..-ut of the State, and thr u- 6. i c.-- t-.c rcc.aUHy constituted auih.)i-;:i-'s ■; i.. ... - t ... u qu a jj plltti:: ; o-’U'u, ng. and cXter- miiiut- .line-tenths ! And : ... > 0 i,.. non- un der f'.ie guise or j- - -..-- ed ot.. .; ,-j u-us-ireeipg repuhi* an.iim J V, •-b ncloH Mon -. . . , |.„!,fnck or evt-n ilai;L.,on, !• ,v > * -1 ♦.> ;jjia f n ptfl'liranism ! V. tmt •, y th.' . /.rivouve X -f.l--.-ni stefi -i-kt ii: ';- * -at .a, Hj-.-n.-ttl- '' —" 1 i-imetit s s this - ■ the “c Riecnt of th -ite-’c:-:,.-.*' i.i’ -on 'andi’ie nf 'no rap »u nv. uni.’iit which Ihe United I T’lte-: m IO v.-.i • -nKc i„ ciu-U titnt* T If so. \vu.:l C’.var '. ly Inv- they :,.n- the freedom ot t.ieit po-U • If •'■ r -.lovriimcnl ai Washing tou’ Euarant. - mph!-!; .-,i sln B3 this to Georgia..in 1 1,,’,'Wh ' l„-r aimvanty to, O.uo and *:i *r A v... .n • iu Ih'.-l » . T ANARUS!, ° r ' : u V it-on on Constitu -teal prill'.-:-..-, 1 u too Riming for com ment. W ill-11 1 -,—. 1 tci K.ls :-.;o offered m them, well may ’.l:l’ po.:.:ri oi th. - ■ Bt.ilca he nerved to detV-n-f their r- ill- If. at every hazard, under ever. ..- . t-. 1 ,-> t!u* last er.trmity. imtl ini:.- 1 - • - . . great truth, pro nnilga:.--. ;si i.- n . s ac! Independence— “tb.t-.i.s.- i'.Hteii . a,- and of right, ought to h • . .: i incW-ndct bt itos.” G.orge i! ;nic Ui s groat trutli in !*7i>, n*l : - to ’• c.ioin, the Car olitius and-1. .-iraa- ’ ■ .■ ■a out its advocates, an ! mair-: .o! ] -:-j , a government tThic!) did not .- , fife - eon si ul ot in • £.-••■'■ —i. KKt Lincoln in. 1861, has i I. a■, me -Btates and thwr t.oi!.. uerat--.. : <--a off' ; e nme doc trine h ! , ii-m.-i: . L, . j. cq'the ap parent jiistifica ion before the world, that the British i-ling had. TANARUS,..: -.-..i.mie, had been planted, no -furr.i an i go-.cmcd hi Gh.u Hrilain. As E:.iff ■, :. :;■-*• .-j ; ::i,-| onJentan<t never claiin.-.i- l-.j !-,-. Tt;;-; claim was set up for tiie first time, in the Lb kLiration of Indepen dence. t.i;-' i- !•-••»* <•••- ui.>.• mm-cs, there was some reason why tb.- ; . oh Crown should resist it. Lut th.- t !.-<:!h yrijcanmed was inorc powerfiil than f • annus and navies of Great Britain. G.i rim a .’iirth .u ;*?■?,our fathers made this occh; ,011 ■i ”, d.Hri and independence oi the Slaii K. . -. n was fonght upon this declaration, .red on rire Third'day of Sep tember, 17: Hi lire tr.--.ly o', peace, “ft is liri tauio Ma.jeeiy .: ■ ihe said United States, to v, i: : . . ,B ichusi-U* Bay, Rii-'-m- ! : , rea: Plantations, Connecticut, . :'•)>!;. . Jersey, Penn sylvania, lielfi*. : ~.1, Virginia, North Carolina, Srerih (..'re ina .. id Georgia, to be Free, Sriv, ~ ign and i ~ .. m States, that he treats wi:h La-m r, • ! i.*’ o <*n -r th„t. ri -,-gia stood bof.U'e the wori.i, i- .-ri i *B" .'iments, and pos. si-.-.-el of:-!! rile .- -.. ivigntv. When did (.cure. I. ■ ■ . , ! Was it by 'blue ‘J t" • ’ -■ v. i with'her sister BUtcs !, ( - y not. irie .-v;;::•! ■oi (.. -ii . -u between the colon io:, t ■ ei ;*r the objects to ho attain* ,i, ri.o . . . . bvod between the pa/u.-s to it, ."Mol i sc| ;■ e. vercignty of each ot Lie -'tat- a a p. te t , it, i-, a cxprotsly roscived. Was it v.hishe ’. e . tiie other States formed the Cm • '.. j ;i j, , » rie» t ,. ly not. I fi. ■, e. i v,-...; a compact be tween the C ass e, l :': *, ii Os Which bad been ICC ! , by , by the Bri tish King, ■ a Leo, eave.oign and independent State. Tho objecte and r , : j- for which thejJFcdo ral govermneut w; ; rmed, w distinctly spe cified and were ~! 7 rth in : i:e compact. Tho government cm 'vit v. - limited iu its pow ers bv the -ran: -.vrii) an te ;>ireservation ot all power.: ie... r. at,:d. iLc great attribute of tepurale ' ... > , Hy, v.-im not delegated. Jn tins' partu'.K-,!' G. •. • no change from the Articles oi . V,: : :> -k ~» - --L/ Hy way atill reserved r-wl; . wit). 'L s'.-espectivc ly. ti*'*- nv ecu "j. - ::. c 1.-n a; n," wr.. based upon the assmpj ' : on t!•■;.„ it v.-.- ,!... Lett interest of all the rate ... in ; j;, wirii tho addi tion.d grant ot [••.:. rs avid guarantees—each State being bramd a a*• , perform and discharge to the otn* rs ;1I ri.,; )tew obiigationa ol the i v. so fitted to the people* of r.! ;-tei.y and -o acceded to by them. ia: -1 ,L i not part with their tepar-M S’-.-irr ’■/ !.;• i:■ :i u the Con stitution. In tl.-it, j-. a a'd the powers delegated, a;,- . p.vuic.i ly mentioned. Sove reignty t i*e grer.tc tof all p-diricnl powers, the source from vvluoli ;,ii otlara emanate, is not amongst, those lo.t.tlon-l It could not have been parted with rua-pi b. :r. : t titherexpress ed or clearly implied. The* n; -t degrading act a State can do is to lev and .vu <a* surrender her sovereignty. Indeed ii can n-u be done except by deed nr grant. 'Ti e nd-i i- not to |« found in the Con {itutt-.n . ti a expressly granted janvcr.-'. It can not be amongst those granted by impfication ; for by the terms of ti.e compact none an: <;r;i;.:* and by implication except such ns are incidental to, or nccc -ary and pro* per tq exec tc tho e that me expressly granted. The incident can never be greater than the ob ject al)u ’• Hoiking in the powers expressly granted amounts m> loureigmy, that which is the great •tof ■ll ]■■ . n„t follow or be carried rf'er a i ■ • ■ on- , m mi incident by im plication--::nri ti, m to | .. tl,o matter at rest forever, it k em . • >ly dec! tred that the powers iv.t ‘leb-.i ■“*- '• , ■■ ■- . 1 -ie States re.-,- pectivci- or :o j,i i ’e. Sovereignty the great Kocrce of all therefore was left with the Plates by the c- m’pact, left where King George left ii .and left i/iicre it has ever since rcii witt.-.m, aiui will rymain for ever if the people of t!;c • ; , , . ; .themselves, and true to i l,e :r jin- v'.uch their forefath ers ticniove t at 1 !i eo-t . hi* ■■ ■! an l treaaure, in the war of 177 ). The Constion w.v only the written con tract or bond, he; wet n li.e overeign biatc-; in xlnch t!n> covenants were all plainly expressed, and each Sta't ■. ,t n i 7 T-cd its faith to its si ter fit; . to oh. erv ■ and keep these covenants. Bo long omh did this, all were bound by rite colli, ... ]:• I :■ a rule as well known and a•-.; ;vet- if .n- ■] in savage as in civilized iri'e—- ,-11 t and as generally acquiesced in b . sovereign States, in, be’ ween private individual*, that when one party to a contract refuses to be bound by it, and to confi rm toil- requirements, tiie other party h reieu-ed hem further compli ance. Without entering i> a' 1 argoment to thow the manner iu which ff .Vm ria rn states bad perverted the con l ..act.; nil warped its terms to suit their own intc r, . t. in tl.c enactment and en forcement of tariff' law-1 for (he protection of their industry a: the , ;.! ihc of the’Mouth, and iu the enactment oi' internal improvement laws, coast navigation 1 . , tit-hei v Tiv, Ac., which were iutuidcil ( o enrich them t,t the expense of the people of tie- w ;Inv and cite but a sin gle instance of oi ‘ .t’ ov ■ . -cif confessed, and even boas, I vioiut ■ u < I tL • ccmpuct by tho Northern bit a ,<“ P p'”. 1 '; 1 the Southern States were re!<• : ■ n-i ' • uged from fur therobligafiou ■■ t rie rn Elates, by every known rule of iaw, a •'•ralitv, or comity. ~ , r ......... ...... . i- m , t . j One of tlm c-.V| te 1 • ;m ;n the written bond, to w'Jiicb the Northern h.tatc.-; subscribed, Rad v.v ;. ,i en by refer ence t,> ;i." del in thi (on ntiou which formed the Con,:nri- n, li e utliern States never would have agreed to-or famed the com pact, was ill the;;: ~d-. “No person held <•-. service or labor in one •Stat:-, u.i'Jtr till) i:i •• .1 " C-.P ew.'.pu.g mty an other, elih.l, iu c■: • ■■■ ■; t any / .er nyu t'Ztton th*:"* ■ to '■ f t.*' *■ . 11. ni .neb ser\ ico or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom cutu service or labor may be due ” Maesachvseftr and other *b .b;if,n .States ut terly repuviMted, i.um.ded an j ect at nnucl/j