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• '”*”*“'■***"■**'. *? . . (Hi! ms r . T||>> ■ ... W&t weckljj, OLD SERIES—VOL. ICII NEW SERIES—VOL. LI. Cijrotu'cle anfc gntfftiel. WEDNESDAY, APRIL - 25, 1877. PAY YOL'B 81? BSC Ml PTIO.N. We request oar readers to respond promptly to the bills which are sect them for subscription accounts due this office. Let each subscriber who is in arrears bear in mind that there are many others also in arrears, and that while the amount due by each individual is small the aggregate amounts to a large sum. We hope our friends will respond promptly. The Baltimore Gazette thinks a com bination of Blaise and Butler will beat any circus ever organized. The New York Herald ventures upon the assertion that a'man may be a coro ner and yet have a few things to le rn. Evsey son of the reigning family of Germany has to learn a trade. Kaibeb Wilhelm is a glazier; Übseb Fbitz is a type sticker. The Saliva is what they call the Spitz in Boston. The poor fellow has been so much abused lately that he is "down in the month." The crack light-weight jockey of Eng land, Feed Archer, rode last year 657 races, won 207, and made nearly $50,000. He is just eighteen years old. The steamer Germania, of the White Star Line, has made the fastest trip on record. Her run from New York to Li verpool was onlysevendays and eleven hours. Thb head porter of the Revere House, Boston, is worth $40,000, aud one of the waiters at the Parker House, who works for S2O per month, has accumulated $25.000. The hard times do not bear heavily on all the ohurches. The Easter offer ing at Christ (Episcopal) Church, Bal timore, amounted to $20,800. One lady gave $6,500. The President has picked out $904,- 000 of the harbor appropriation to be expended chiefly in the West and South west. Whereupon the fat pigs at the East aro squealing in chorus. The German papers are printing biog raphies of Hon. Oarti Sohurz. One of them, the Cologne Gazette , remarks that "the fugitive of 1848 is among the warm est admirers of the empire of 1877.” Mb. Beecher, in a recent sermon, said one Bob Inoersoll could not do much harm to Christianity, but a million Bobs would do incredible damage. We have not heard from Bob, but he will proba bly retort that a million avowed in fidels are not so pernicious as one Beecher. The New York World has a queer mis'ake. In writing the obituary of Ross Winans, of Baltimore, it furnishes a first class funeral oration about his •on, Thomas. The father died, but the World thought it was the son. Thob. Winans, like Charles O’Conor and Hon. A. H. Stephens, has lived to read his own obituary. Col. Carey W. Styles has purchased the Gainesville Eagle, and is now the editor and proprietor of that paper. The Eagle is one of the most widely circu lated and influential weeklies in the South, and Col. Styles is well known to journalism as a vigorous writer and ex perienced editor. We wish him much suocess in his new field of labor. Bohr of our implacable brethren have little faith in the sudden conversion of Forney, Whitelaw Reid and the Chi cago Tribune, They say these now suoking doves will, at the first provoca tion, beoome again roaring lions. So they may, but the lion’s skin will not fit any more, and nobody will be frighten ed. They will stick to the olive branch department as long as it pays. Rhode Island is not hopeless The fui.' vote shows that General Van Zandt (Rep.) received 12,458 votes; Barnaby (Dem.), 11,787; scattering, 230. General Van Zandt’s plurality was only 671; ma jority enly 441. The average Republi can majority for the State ticket was 2,759. The average Democratic vote was 177 more than was oast for Tilden. The highest Republican majority was 653 less than that given for President Hayes. The New York Dag Book, ultra Democrat, not only agrees with Deacon Richard Smith that Mr. Dana, of the Sun, has had some dealings with the devil, but asserts that “bis paper is do ing more to debauoh and break down Democratic principles than all the Re publican journals together in the coun try.” As Mr. Dana is trying to break down Hates, tbia testimony from an i mpUcable Democrat like the Bag Book aay mean something. Fobit cities in the United States owe four hundred and fifty millions of mu nicipal debt, jnst one-fourth of the ag gregate of our immense national debt. He* York leads with $l4B 000,000, then Philadelphia with $60,000,000, then Bos ton with $43,000,000, then Brooklyn with $42,00t?.000, then Cmcinnati with $22,000,000, then New Orleans with $22,000,000, and Chicago with $18,000,- 000; Charleston nwaa $4,672,663, and Savannah $3,600,640. Of these forty cities San Franoisco levies the lightest tax—sl 12 per SIOO, and Toledo, Ohio, the heaviest - $4 44 per SIOO. Wm are glad to nee that Judge Wm. H. Rersr is addressing the people of his Keoatorial District upon the import ance of holding a Constitutional Con vention. Judge Reese has labored assiduously in the cause of a Conven tieu ever since his election to the Sen ate, said contributed greatly to tbe pas sage of the bill under which the ques tion will soon be submitted to a vote of the people. We are also glad to lean, that in all probability Judge Reese will be a delegate from tbe Twenty-ninth District. With such men io the Con vention we are certain of obtaining Constitution under which the State will' flourish and the people prosper. Dynamite, so extensively used in en gineering, is dow employed in agricul ture. A writer oa the subject says : "At the works now going on at the Tro cadero, F.xri*, passers by may at certain hours be startled by a deep rumbling aonnd. This is caused by the springing pf dynamite mines, which, without any violent projection of materials, make the .obstacles crumble away and break np the rocks, the fragments j of which used for the buildings of the great Exhibition. Now, dynamite will perform a similar service iu the fields. The Duke of Sutherland, in Sootiaad, and Dr. Hanson, iu Austria, have employed it foi clearing land and for digging much deeper tfcfiti any in strument could. A certain n*safe?r of •dynamite cartridges are buried at rqgwifcr distances io the soil, and connected by •electric wires. Tbe explosion is simul taneous, sod though nothing is thrown •up, tbe field is edCeetaslly plowed. ” Dr. James should look into this matter ami ■report .progress. HON. B. H. II II,I>. Senator Benjamin H. Hill spent Sun day in Augusta. He was on his way to Oglethorpe Coart and, having great af fection for this city and its people, de termined to pass a quiet day in our midst. His appearance on the streets, in the morning, was the signal for many hearty congratulations from passers-by. ; He seems to be in high health and ro | bust spirits and bad no hesitation in ( giving bia views on the situation to all , who sought them. His miDd is like the i Nile, enriching all that it dwells upon. He claims that the Southern members of Congress, in defeating filibusterism and expediting the electoral count, saved the country from disastrons strife and entitled the Democratic party, as i represented largely by this section, to ' the eternal gratitude of patriots and : lovers of the Federal Union everywhere. He repudiates scornfully the idea that Mr. Hayes was counted in as the result of dicker and bargain by certain Democratic gentlemen, on the one side, and Stanley Matthews and Charles Foster, on the other.. The as sertion of such a theory, he declares, belittles and befouls the grandest act of the political history of the day. Mr. Hill has faith in the President’s policy and steadfastness. He believes Mr. Hayes to be an honest man and a determined one. He predicts that Louisiana will very soon be as free as South Carolina, and that her deliver ance will come by the logic of events, and not as the result of past or present intrigue by busy-body statesmen or men who are credited with being such. He asserts that the Democratic party has the noblest chance in its career for ob taining power, and nothing but the most stupid blundering can prevent its securing the domination of Federal affairs within a brief period. The hos tility of extremists like Phillips, Gar rison, Blaine and Ben Wade will com pel the President to rely upon the Democracy to aid him in the true battle for peace, union aud the common weal. Mr. Hill scouts the idea that tbe House of Representatives will be organ ized on any other than a Democratic basis and with a Democratic Speaker. He thinks Mr. Randall will be re-elect ed to his old position. Mr. Hill drew a grand and dramatic picture of the future of the South. His words were inspired by the prophetic character of his visioD and kindled bis bearers with an enthusiasm correspondential with his own. He evidently awaits with some impatience the meeting of Con gress, when tbe war of intellectual giants will begin. Amoog the prominent men who will appear in that stupendous de bate, in the forum of reason, there will be no grander figure than £. H. Hill’s. THE AMENDMENTS AND THE POLITI CAL POWER OF THE SOUTH. Au error was made in the publication of General Toombs’ last letter to the Chronicle and Constitutionalist con troverting the statement that tbe Con stitutional amendments, conceived as they were in hatred to tbe white people of the South and illegal aud iniquitous as was the mode of their adoption, had augmented the political power of the South. A sentence in the letter a9 printed read, "The slaves were freed by tbe Thirteenth Amendment and by the original Constitution beoame voters.” It should have read that by the original Constitution the slaves became free per sons instead of voters. Tbe error was apparent from the context, but we cor rect it here iu order to prevent any mis take being made by those who read the letter. It is interesting to inquire what effect the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments have had upon the politi cal power of the South. General Toombs contends that as representation in the lower House of Congress is based upon general population instead of vot ing popnlation the two last amend ments have not increased the power of the South. We think we can show that they have, indirectly if not directly. The Thirteenth Amendment freed the negro, and under the Recon struction acts, which were framed out side of the Constitution, he was allowed to vote. Afterwards the bastard Legis latures organized under these recon struction acts adopted tbe Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. Tbe first provided, among other things, that if the male members of any State, twenty one years old and citizens of tbe United States, were denied tbe privilege of voting, except for participation in the “rebel lion” or other crime, the basis of repre sentation in suoh State should be re duced in the proportion wbiob the number disfranchised bore to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. The second provided that the right of citizens to vote should not be denied or abridged on account of race, color or previous condition of ser vitude. It is evident that if any South ern State after passing into Democratic hands had taken tbe privilege of voting from the negro it would have lost representation in Congress in pro portion to the number of negroes dis franchised. If the Thirteenth Amend ment increased the representation in Congress of the Southern States, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments secured and protected that increase.— As it is, tbe South has now twenty-one more Congressmen and twenty-one more electoral votes than it formerly had. The pluok and brains of the Southern people have taken the sting from tbe villainy of Reconstruction, and from the nettle danger they have plucked the flower safety. Before a great while the North will denounoe uegro suffrage as loudly as it once clam ored for it. commercial statistics. Contrary to genera! expectation, the number of failures in tbe United States, for the first three months of the present year show a slight inorease over] those of the corresponding quarter of 1876, though the amount of liabilities is somewhat less. The quarterly circular 1 pf the Mercantile Agency of Messrs. R. ' G. Dts A Cos. furnishes the following \ comparison i i First Quirter. ~~ No. of i Amount of | A verse e Failures. | Liabilities | LisbilVe. 1875 *43,176.953 *21.784 W 6 .1 2 806 54.645.156 23.038 1 8.86 ft $4.6(3.074 19.01 Q The increase in number for the quar ter appears to be only 63, end is only significant because any increase at all was unexpected. The /ailing oft in the average of liabilities, however, is # gqod sign, and ought to atone for the small addition to the number. In seating to account for the oontinned large number of these casualties, the Agency states : (Considering tbe poliueel uncertainty in Jan uary JWfi February, and the restricted business which baa throughout the quarter, It ia rather surprising the increase in fiil uree Is so wall, fl W bp that the decline in the rot tune gi trade, t^g put four years, hu been juob greater fitin the decline iu the number of traders Fhogn it sostains. It the eame ratio had prevailed in the number off til ares and withdrawals from business, in proportion as business became re in extent during the put three years, it is aetftgu the number of fail urea wonld have been umch gjqptgr, and, so long u business continues without improvement, so long msv failures be naneri>ne. %Sfie inter esting figures on this view of the attaataapi mn t>P gleaned by comparing tbe duastara in business with the decline in its extent. For the three years, from the end of 1873 to begin ning of 1877, the total number of failures in the United States has been 22,662.* Th;s amounts to less than fonr percent, of those engaged in businees at the end of 1873. This is in small proportion to the decline in the volume of trade. It is difficult to arrive at any definite conclnaicn as to the extent of this decrease, bat if measured by the falling off in imports, and tbe well known decrease in the production of manufactures, the internal basinets of the country to-day is less by thirty to thirty-five per cent, than it was in 1878. So tnat the number of withdsawals from business, by failure or otherwise, is far lees than seems either justified or demanded by the decline in the extent of business to be transacted. With regard to the trade of the past three months it is alleged that, notwith standing small stocks in the hands of retailers, and low prices for many sta ples, the demand for goods has been weak and irregular, and tbe amount of business done in ail branches of com merce much Icbs than was anticipated. The extent of business is indicated very closely by tbe exchanges at tbe various clearing bouses, of which there are now some sixteen in operation in that num ber of oities. Of these, thirteen made returns last year, and a comparison is therefore possible as to tbe amount of transactions represented by bank checks at these thirteen great centres. The to tal clearings in tbe first quarter of 1876 were 7,677 millions, while in the first quarter of 1877 they were 7,550 millions, showing a decline of 127 millions. The earnings of all tbe railroads publishing returns indicate a decline in abont the same proportion for the quarter. The deoliue thus noticed it is trne is but slight, yet on the face of an expeoted increase is somewhat disappointing. In relation to this condition of things the circular says: If our people could learn, even for a while, to be content with a day of small things, the results of the past quarter would not be disap pointing. But unhappily all the arrangements are for business on the grandest scale. Bail roads exist to accommodate twice the traffic that offers ; warehouses large enough to hold four times the needed supplies of the country, while the Dumber engaged in the business of each locality is far in excess of its average re quirements ; and altogether expenses and fa cilities f®r an extent of trade only possible in periods of the wildest expansion. These are hardly the true standards by which to measure either safety or real prosperity. Judged by a more reasonable standard, the experience o f the first three months of the year has not been a bad one. On the contrary, though besineaa has been small, it haa yielded a fair return. In proportion to the amount of business transact ed the profits havo been better than for many a previous quarter. It is certain business is done at vastly less expense than in former years, that values are more settled, and, above all, that foreign and internal indebtedness is very materially reduced. After charging upon the Bankrupt Law an aggravation of existing commer cial disabilities, the Messrs, Dun & Cos. oonclude their review as follows: 3he early prospect of a practical settlement of the Southern question is regarded as a marked contribut.on toward a return of more prosperous times. The great staples of this section are of prime importance in the markets of the world, and its power of absorption of goods, especially in view of the small stocks held, is too well known to need comment. If recent events remove the clog from its mate rial progress, and inspire its people with en ergy to extend their productions and increase their wealth, a better hope may be entertained for the whole country. This, with other indi cations, aro of an encouraging character, and lead to the belief that the worst is past, and if we are favored with another good crop of ag ricultural produce, the remainder of the year will enable us to mark a substantial progress. SOME REASONS FOR A CONVENTION. In a recent speech in Warren ton, Judge Wm. M. Reese gave the follow ing as his reasons for desiring a Con stitutional Convention : Ist. To settle forever the bond question. 2d. To pro hibit lending tbe credit of the State to railroads or other corporations. In 1870 the mania of lending the State credit reached its climax, when State aid was granted to thirty-two railroads to the amount of over twenty-eight millions of dollars. 3d. To restrain the municipal and other public oorporatious of Georgia in the abuse of their credit. The great eity of Savannah, the pride and boast of Georgia, is tottering under a bonded debt of four millions of dol lars. By taxing a population of only twenty-six thousand, she is compelled to raise $250,000 merely to pay the inter est on this debt, and to raise as much more for ourrent expenses—nearly twen ty dollars for every man, woman and child in the city. Augusta is laboring under a bonded debt of two millions of dollars. Our other cities, Macon, Co lumbus, Rome, and indeed all of them, exoept Atlanta, which seems to be a little more fortunate in this respect, are carrying a grievous load of debt. 4th. To put the homestead law upon a respec table and proper basis. The amount should be reduoed, and the homestead rendered more permanent. sth. To prohibit, or at least restrain, the mass of local legislation, which, in tbe shape of bills for changing county lines, changing the times of holding courts, the everlasting liquor laws, etc., con sume over half the time of every Legis lature. 6th. To put a stop to the waste and extravagance of the General As sembly. WONDERS NETER CEASE. The rush of implacable Radical jour nals to join the olive branch department, to the utter abnegation of bloody shirt howlings, is something very wonderful recently. The latest, and perhaps the most marvelous, oonvert is Harper’s Weekly. In the last edition of that sheet Mr. George William Curtis, its editor, says: “The national bayonet, under existing circumstances, is merely a thorn of exasperation ; it is certainly not a prop of peace. Did it prevent bulldozing, or the murder of Eliza Pinkston’s husband, or the Hamburg massacre? Is it not, indeed, a ques tion whether it did not promote them ? The argument that non-interference in the police ef the State.will but multiply Hamburg massacres, is npt oply dis credited by presumption but by expe rience. The treatment of the negroes has been worst where military occupa tion was most stringent.” This is taking the back-traok with a vengeance ! There never has been a day since the close of the war in the fisld that the “national bayonet" has not been .“a thorn of exasperation,” and that great truth yas just as well known to ! the Radical brethren twelve years ago as i it is now. The fact is the bayonet afore i said was deliberately employed to exas -1 pedate the South for the basest of pur poses—the perpetuity of Radicalism, to wit and the plupdef of this section. There would have beep no V gambnra i mfsgacres" had there been no Radical ism; and it is ? triumph for the South that her worst enemies are beginning to confess that they hare committed gross est crimes against liberty and society. The wrongs of the white man in the South are only paralleled by the miser able condition of the colored people as a consequence of these wrongs. And ; now, when the day of retribution has cojne, vhoo all the cunningly devised plots of the £epupliaan leaders have returned to plague tip inventors : when the distress of the* &pb& has reacted upon the North; when, in a word, the pyramid refuses any longer to stand upon its apex, but, with a mighty momentum, is established up , cn its base—there is a general confession tbat'Jfexwstrjfofipn was a blunder, and AUGUSTA, GA„ WEDNESDAY MORNING. APRIL 25, 1877. its enforcement a crime. Verily, tizr e makes all things even. It is worth while to have lived long enough to hear the disciples of Sumner, Thad. Ste vens and Wilson concede that they were the workers of iniquity and re pented of it. A WORD TO THE WISE. One of our Virginia contemporaries has this sensible and timely counsel anent the menaced war in Europe : “In round numbers Russia supplies one tbird the grain oonsumed in Enrope, and tbe deficit occasioned by tbe block ade of her Southern provinces must be supplied by tbe United States. Of this the South will furnish very little, while the consumption of cotton will be di minished. This being tbe outlook, would it not be wise for the planters from Carolina to Texas to prepare in advanoe for high prices of food and low prices of cotton ? They should raise bogs, cattle, sheep and pitch greater crops of cereals, for in the event of a general warthey would find littiedemand for their staple product, but war prioes for their meat, bread aud plantation supplies generally. This suggestion, we think, is worth their gragest considera tion, and as soon as hostilities begin, every Southern Governor onght to ad dress a proclamation to his people calling on them to prepare to make their plan tations self-sustaining.” THE PAYMENT OF T*XE A PRE REQUISITE TO VOTING. In the recent presentments of the grand jury of Warren county we find the following which is of interest to the people of every other county in Georgia: We desire to call the attention of the citi zens of this county to the loose manner in which our State aud county elections have hitherto been conducted. We aro determined, so far as it lies in our power, to correct this monstrous evil at once. * * * It has come to our knowledge that out of 1,300 votes polled only about 700 have paid their poll tax. We feel compelled again to instruct our Tax Collec tor, upon who.-e capacity aud integrity we cast no reflection, to publish in future tho names of all insolvent poll tax payers, at least thirty days before an election, upon the Court House door, and furnish the managers of elec tions with a list of the same, as the law re quires. Aud we also instruct the managers to receive no vote from any one whose name ap pears upon said list, unless he produces his tax receipt, after tbe publication of said list. Herein no reference to oolor or previous con dition is intended. We can sympathize with the feeling whioh prompts such action. In every oounty of the State the law making the payment of taxes a prerequisite to vot ing is shamefully violated at every elec tion—State, oonnty and municipal. The law is a good one. Though pat in the Constitution of the State by the piebald Gonvention of 1867, it is one of the features of that instrument whioh is worthy of retention. It was intended to increase the revenue of the State or to keep those persons from haviDg a voioe in the selection of a government who refused to contribute anything to its support. If this constitutional provison had been properly enforced taxation in Georgia would be much lighter to-day than it is. It is safe to say that since the adoption of the Constitntion in 1868 up to the present time the State has been defrauded of at least one million of dollars by the failure of citizens to pay this poll tax. If the Gonstitution was properly enforced it would yield an annual revenue of at least one hun dred and seventy-five thousand dol lars. But it cannot be enforeed until there is a change in the law whioh was designed to carry it into effect. The law as it stands does not increase the State’s revenue, nor does it prevent those persons from vot ing who refuse to pay anything towards the support of the government. The instructions anil recommendations of the Warren grand jury are of no avail as the law now stands. The Tax Oolleotor may furnish a list of persons who have failed to pay their taxes, but what then ? The managers of election Lave no au thority to refuse to take a vote if the voter takes an oath that he has paid all taxes required by law wbieh be has had an opportunity of paying. When the oath is taken tbe vote offered must be received. This oath is either not admin istered at all or else is shamelessly vio lated. Thousands of men oommit wilful perjury at every election in the State. It may be said that perjury is a felony, and that every man guilty of it ean be sent to the penitentiary. This is true enough ; but experience has shown that this law is practically a dead letter. Convictions under it are rare indeed, and the illegal and false swearing voter has a perfect immunity from punish ment. There is bat one remedy, and that remedy is plain and simple. Let the Legislature say, or let the new Con stitution say, that thirty days before an election the Tax Collector of eaob ooun ty shall publish a list of those eitizens who have paid their taxes. Those who have not will thus be notified to make payment. A week before election let the Collector give to the managers of election a correot list of such persons as have paid their taxes, and on the day of election let no man’s vote be received whose name does not appear on this list. In this way, and in this way only, can non-tax payers be prevented from controlling the elections in whioh they have no right to a voice. Forney has a great deal to say abont W*pg Ha#bton’9 “ haughtiness,” and the Chicago Times aptly suggests that Wade would not feel half so prond if he had Forney’s $25,000 of Paoific Mail slush in his pocket. Even the London Times makes ridip ulous mistakes. Tbe latest case in point was an attack upon Sir Stafford North cote, the Chancellor of tbe Exchequer, for a supposed false estimate of tbe rev enue. The financial man of the Times figured out that the probable deficit would be $550,000 in a revenue of $400,- 000,,0pp. The howl against Nobtucotk was prodigious. Rut in ipes thap a weejt the Chancellor's revenge was overwhelm ing. Instead of a deficiency he showed a surplus of £443,000 or $2,115,000. The moral of all this is palpable, viz : It is folly to go ofi half-cocked over a mat ter you know nothing about. This would be good advice to other people besides the limes. Tup Springfield BepulUcan says ; " w that Blaine and Butler have made it manifest that they 1 mean to ‘ knife’ the Hayes' Administration and its policy, it will be interesting to see what the leaders of the new South pro pose to do, SAWrTou and Bjp Hpp, Watterson and Lahab have been talk ing very prettily; the curiosity now is, hoy are they going to act ? The point before tfapm rfiethej Wey are gojng to be bourbons of the other thing.” They will support the Administration in the policy of Home Buie, local self-gov ernment and justice to all men. The pa triots of the South in Congress prefer red Hayes to civil war, and they will maintain him in his fight against the Badioal Rebels. %th pf April is "fast day” in Main*, aud on to St day to apjpgp pep pie are not permitted to eat anything but beef-steak, mutton-chops, veal-cut lets, breaded, a little roast fowl, some game, soap, fish, vegetables, fruit, pas try. puddings, coffee and tea, and some HON. BENJ.JL HILL. THE DUTY OF SENATOR* TO PAR TIES SEEKING OFFICE. An Bxplanalian—Why Senator Hill Has Not Pressed Applications Tor Office—Tbe Doty of Senators to Their Constitoeots—Thry Have No Right to Advance Frieods or In lore Eaenies—The Executive and Legisla tive Departments Distinct—The Conclusion Which Mr. Hill Has Reached. Atlanta, Ga., April 12, 1877. Editors Chronicle and Constitutionalist: The cirenlar lette? to which Mr. Wright called my attention has not been received. I cannot, therefore, answer the specific qaestioos of that letter. The inquiries of many persons, daily coming or writing to me, will, perhaps, render it proper for me to explain more folly tban I have yet done the rule whioh I have prescribed for myself as a Senator on the subject of appointments to office. Ido not intend to prescribe a rule for others, nor to censure others who may differ from me, aud who have prescribed or may prescribe for them selves a different rule of conduct on this subject. When Mr. Hayes was inaugurated and announced his patriotic purpose to give the country a nen-partiSan administra tion and a better civil Bervice, I deemed it proper to consider what would be tbe proper relations of a Southern Demo cratic Senator to such a President. This inqui-y soon ted me, for the first time in my life, to a fall investigation into the whole question of the proper rela tions of a member of Congress, and espe cially of Senators, to the appointing pow er. The conolnsion at which I arrived was announced to the public in a tele gram in these words: “With my sense of public duty, I can make no recommendation for office—es pecially for offices to be passed upon by the Senate. There can be no reform unless Congressional control of execu tive appointments be broken up.” Farther reflection, greatly aided by a rapid experience, has most thoroughly confirmed me in the exact correctness of this conclusion. Some of the reasons in support of this conclusion I will now state. 1. Under the Constitution the func tions of government are divided and vested in three separate departments. This division was unwise unless it was neoessary and promotive of efficient and harmonious administration. If the division is unwise the Constitution onght to be changed. If it is wise every good citizen should aid its purpose by observing its terms. But whether this division was wise or unwise, it is the Constitution, and every man who is en trusted to take part in the administra tion of that Constitution is under the most solemn obligation of his oath to respeot and observe it. Now the func tions of Conaress are legislative. The functions of the President are executive. There are certain checks upon each not material here to mention. The appoint ments I am now considering are execu tive. A member of Congress who seeks to interfere with and control executive functions is just ns much out of bis place and his duty as would be the Presi dent undertaking to interfere with and control legislative functions; and either, in tbe ease supposed, would be just as guilty of violating the Constitution as if he were to neglect and disregard tbe functions of the department to which be belongs. 2. But tbe Senate is clothed with cer tain executive functions and duties. It is, in this respeot, the advisory body of the President. But advisory, how ? Is a Senator to advise the President whom he, the Senator, would like to have nominated ? Is he not rather to advise the President whether nominations made are of fit and proper persons for the offices designated ? This advisory position is a public trust. Each Senator is a trustee, not for himself nor for his friends, nor against his enemies, but for the public good. The Senator represents the whole State and every citizen in the State. Every citizen is entitled to have that representation fair, equal and impartial. When a Senator selects one applicant for an office, and represents that one, he be comes partial for that one, and partial against all others. He abdicates his of fice of trustee for all, and becomes the attorney for one, and, as experience sadly shows, too often for a considera tion in some form; and any considera tion which induces such partiality is quite as bad, morally, as a considera tion in money. Each applicant for an office is entitled to an impartial consid eration of his merits forthe office sought, and he is entitled, not only to that im partial judgment of his Senator, but also to impartial information from his Senator as’an adviser of all others who are to pass on the application, When the Senator becomes the advocate for one applicant, he, by that act, disqualifies himself both as a judge and an adviser upon the merits of all other applicants. In my opinion a Senator bas no more right to select one of a number of ap plicants for office, and use tbe influence of his position to give that applieant success, tban a Judge on the bench has the right to select one litigant in his Court and use all the powers of his ju dicial position to secure suocess for that litigant. No man can be fonder of his friends tban myself. No man can be more grati fied when bis friends succeed under a fair and impartial consideration of their merits. But I esteem the public good, and my own duties as a publio servant to promote the public good, far before all personal ties or obligations. If I were to use a public office to gratify pri vate friendships, or to avenge private wrongs, or to promote, in any way, my private or political interests, I should feel that I had become guilty of a gross breach of trust, for which the proper penalty would be disqualification to hold any public office whatever. These views, so plain when once stated, prevailed with nearly all—if not all—of our leading statesmen ifi our early history. The first departure from them was partisan in its char acter and purposes. Tfie departure bas progressed until it has assumed a personal charaoter, and if I were call ed to designate the crime of all crimes in this generation, I wonld say it is per sonalism in government— by whioh I mean the use of the offices of Govern ment to promote personal interests and ambitions. Three-fourths of the evils that now curse the country, and nearly all the perils that have threatened the Government, have sprung from this great crime. There are men—noisy men, tqo—in both thp Senate and House at ton, whose only idea of the science of eovernment is defined by the art of con trolling the public patronage as a means of holding power. They form rings, make combinations, organize cliques, and in §nme instances absolutely con trol large States- 'fhpy get tfiejr tools in nearly all tbe departments of the Gov ernment at Washington, and in the States, and each tool regards it as his sacred duty to keep the public supplied with puffs of the noble deeds and great eloquence of bis benefactor. Thousands of offices have been made solely to provide places for friends of members of Congress. Millions of mopey are leyied in taxes upon the peo ple annnaily to feed IheSb supple ser vants of some °f onr great men. The President often finds himself denounced or bia nominations opposed solely be cause they do not suit the purposes of these ring chiefs in Congress. The large crowd of carpet-baggers that were sent South a few years ago were the mere tools of leading men who desired, through their tools, to get con trol of the Southern States for their own advancement. And there are men now in the Senate matting themselves most valiant defehders of those who linger to annhoy our people and disgust all good men, ficflelf because they hope, through these few who remain here, to get dele gationa to suit them in the next nomi nating Republican Convention 4 The offices of the country,' too, are fill ed with mere politicians ready to serve their masters, instead of with men of business experience and qualification. In their Struggles to control the pub lic patronage at a wrench the Govern ment from Ifs phi .functions and to make it a'maCfime to serve individuals and rings instead of the whole country, we will find tfie aqtiye pafise qf tfie evils •o foraibly gud truthfully described by Judge Hook: "Our national politics have been mar red by bad passions and sectional ani mosities for many years past, and the only legitimate offspring of them have been intense strife and bloodshed, and the batching out of a brood of small politicians all o?e* th 6 land, whose brains and patriotism are as limited as their statesmanship has been contempt ible.” How can we ever expect to elevate the statesmanship of the country, reform abuses and nationalize our politico if even the high position of Senator is to be degraded to an agency for office seekers and general political jobbery ? Even if the foregoing reasons were not sufficient to justify the conclusions announced in tha above telegram, 1 am frank to confess that, with my limited abilities, I am not able to discharge the higher duties of the Senatorship if I give my time to the business of pro curing offices. The proper rale is for applicants to forward their applications for office di rectly to the appointing power. Every applicant from Georgia' has the right in his application to refer to me, or any other Senator or Representative, for in formation touching his fitness for the office sought. I will cheerfully and honestly give such information as I pos sess to the President, if asked, before the nomination, and to the Senate in passing on the nomination. Before the President and the Senate every man shall have from me an equal chance on his merits. Disregarding the abuse and misrepresentations of those whom I oan not accommodate with a violation of my sense of duty—the least worthy being always the most exacting and spiteful— I shall rely only for support on an in telligent people who have no interest but in good government. We are entering upon anew era. New and great questions will soon press us for solution. If we would avoid a con tinuance of the evils that have cursed us in the past, we must abandon the causes that produced them. If we would elevate our politics we must improve the ways of our politicians. If we would relieve the burdens of the people we must restore honesty toj government. We must have no office that is not need ed and no officer that is not competent. Benjamin H. Hill. TURKS AND RUSSIANS. American Interest in a Foreign War. [ Chicago Tribune ] The state of John Bull’s stomach and brother Jonathan’s pocket is the chief matter of American interest in foreign wars and rumors of wars. For the first time in the loug list of complications between Russia and Turkey has this phase of the matter asserted itself ap preciably. During all the time Russia was apparently backing Servia, during the negotiations between Turkey and the friendly Powers, in spite of Russia’s threats and in the face of failing nego tiations and meaningless protoools, the American speculators have vainly tried to get up some excitement in bread stuffs. England has persistently re fused to respond, and temporary spurts of advance have been followed by a re lapse into a more inactive and sluggish condition. Now the aspect of affairs seems to be very different. England has at last taken alarm. The outlook for war evidently impresses the English people very much as it has im pressed the American people at this particular juncture of affairs. Turkey is unmistakably and recklessly defiant. She refuses all terms with the full knowledge that she must staud alone in oase the combat shall oome. Hussia has proceeded carefully, de liberately, and diplomatically. The sympathies of the Powers have gradual ly been alienated from Turkey, until they are pledged to a policy of non interference. Meanwhile, Russia has marshaled all her resources and seems to be ready to strike at any moment. She has gone so far, and met with so little conciliation from the supercilious Grand Turk, that she must fight or back down in disgrace and humiliation. Besides, there is a disposition in Russia to fight Turkey, and, if need be, Eng land. It seems to break out with every new generation, and will not be satisfied until the Turks shall have succumbed and Constantinople shall have become a Russian port. Probably there will never be a time when Hussia can make this fight under more favorable condi tions for herself than the present offers, with the other Powers virtually com mitted to neutrality, bpr own people ready and anxious for the contest, and her armies thoroughly organized and equipped. It is this imminent prospect of war that has occasioned the radical change in the breadstuffs market within the past few days, Jt is something more definite than a rumor or a possibility. The change has been the more remarkable, perhaps, on account of the previous in activity of the grain market, which was largely due to the sluggishness of the English demand. The positive threat that the Russian grain will bo shut off from Great Britain ou the one side, an<} the increased indication of a partial fail ure of American crops on the other sido, have awakened the Britishers at last.— There is but little doubt that, if war does come, the superiority of the British navy will enable it to blockade the Rus sian ports, which, in addition tp tfie in creased consumption and depressed pro duction in Russia inevitably incidental to a war, would make great Britain de pendent on American props for its food. The advantages of sueh a condition of things are almost beyond estimate, for the new demand and higher prices for American staples would give new life to all trades and industries. There is little wonder, therefore, that a real pros pect for war should create so much ex citement in the trade centres of this country, since it promises a speedier re lief of commercial dppressiqn than can otherwise be expected. At the saipe time the spepulatqrs in grain are very apt tp overreach them selves in tficiv discounting of aft influ ence like a foreign wav. It may be that something of this kind has occurred iu the Loudon and New York markets as well as on the Chicago Board of Trade. It may be that the speculative element is anticipating. Though Russia intends to fight, it is uot unlikely that she will delay striking the first blow till the Spring roads shall be in a better condi tion for army movements. The initia tive rests with Russia, and it is fair to presume that the next few weeks can be better employed in completing the pre parations for war tfian by risking the obstacles of a Spring movement ip a country whpre tfle fpiffla almost im passable at this time af year. Jn that case the British demand for American breadstuffs has been discontinued too early, and a reaction will set in before the actual demand shall come. There are other conditions which the hopeful speculators are apt to overlook. A con tracted supply and excessive cost of breadstuffs will soon teach the British tp economize in their use tq extent, and substitute as much as posstyld oth ej articles of forifl not so di(flcqlt o$ cost ly to obtain. If must also be remem bered that the era of long wars is over. When nations collide nowadays, they come together with the full foroe of all their resources, and almost the first shock is decisive of the contest. If the other Powers hold aloof, it is ppt reason able to suppose tfiat Turkey wilf be afcle to' resist ' fo j a very long period the mighty Power that shall assail it. It would be astonishing if such a war should outlast the first Summer’s cam paign. It will not do, then, to count too confidently upon the effect of shut ting out the Russian grain market; it may not be closed against British con sumers long pp&ngh give Ameri can market anything like 'a permanent monopoly of the'taue. Those trio go slowly in this matter are likely to fare the best in thpenq. * o . - Imi'Wu ANOTHER STEP FORWARD. No More Federal Troops lor Crooked Whisky Raids. Washington, April 16.—The good in fluence of President Hayes’ Southern > poliev is penetrating and renovating the vaviourf departments of the Government. In Febrnary last the Commissioner of Internal Revenue appealed to President Grant, through Secretary Morrill, for United States troops to aid in the opera tions against illicit itr't\e States of i*orth GanJlina and South Car olina, Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee, President Grant endorsed this appeal, directing theJGeneral of the Amy to fur nish the necessary force, apfl it was so 1 furnisflefl arifi used until’after President ! Hayes assumed the control of affairs, when the pommissioner of Internal Rev enue became conyincefl that it did hot comport thc principlea of 1 aTepub lican government id use tfle aymy to col lect the so he issued a circular to collectors of internal revenue in whose districts troops were stationed, notify ing them that in consequence of Con gress having appropriated 840,000 for the purpose of breaking up illicit distil lation in the States above named, the United States troops would no longer be employed for this purpose, but, initdad, an increased'nfimbfer of deputy collect ors would be allowed for this purpose. So the troops have been again with drawn. Greenville’s grand ball comes off to night. CROSS AND CRESCENT. ARMAMENTS OF THE LEVANT. An Estimate of the Faroes ef Russia aud Turkey—T he Fute ef the OttoSaaa Iu Case of English Neutrality. L Chicaqo Tribune .] Now that war is almost inevitable be tween Russia and Turkey, the question of armaments becomes one of extraor dinaiy interest. Leaving out of con sideration those European Powers whioh may be ultimately dragged into the war, what is the strength of those nations and provinces that are immediately in terested and most take one side or tbe other ? We have very recently given the strength of Russia from official souroes. Her army numbers 1,500.000 men, of which one-half is used for offen sive and the other half for defensive purposes. The army of the South, whioh has so long been concentrated at Kischenev, and is now, if reports may be trusted, across the Pruth on its march towards Ronmania, numbers 250,000 men. The army of the Caucasus, which will attaok on the flank and has only a few weak battalions to oppose it, is 150,000 strong. The reserve corps on the Austrian side numbers about 150,- 000, and there are abont 300,000 more troops stationed at various points that oan be immediately brought into aotion. The highest estimate that has ever been made of the Turkish army is 700,000, but this is without doubt greatly exag gerated. The most competent military authorities state that the maximum of the Turkish forces is between 250,000 and 300,000 troops, and that they are scattered over wide areas. It is evident tLat in case of war her troops must be so aouoentrated to meet the powerful Russian army of the South that no re sistance oan be offered to the Russiau army of the Caucasus, or to tbe inevita ble gravitation of Greece and the Solavio provinces to the Russian side. Theie are other provinces whioh must take part in this great oonteat—Egypt, Tunis and Tripoli, whioh will be likely to give assistance to the Saltan; and Roumania, Servia, Montenegro and Greece, whioh will in all probability ally themselves with Russia. It is only pos sible to make a rough estimate of the strength of Egypt, but it has been oalou lated that the fighting strength of the regular army is abont 60,000, with 144 guns, the reserve 30,000, and an irregu lar foroe of possibly 60,000 more. The force that could be supplied by Tunis and Tripoli, consisting of regular and ir regular troops, called Korouglis, de scendants of the old Turkish Janissaries, is very small, not amounting to over 18,000 very poorly armed men. The military force of Roumania con sists of the standing army and reserve, territorial army and reserve, the militia and the National Guard, and rural levies. The standing army is organized upon the German plan, and armed with Prussian guns, both infantry and artil lery. It is probable that Ronmania can place in the field nearly 70,000 men, and keep them up to their full strength dur ing a campaign, leaving behind sufficient troops to perform the ordinary military duties of the oountry. The Servian army, although it suffered greatly dur ing tbe Turkish campaign, has been re organized, and, although it is very infe rior in fighting material and badly arm ed, it could probably muster 100,000 men. The Montenegrins, who are a race of warriors, make no profession of a military organization, and yet have never been defeated by the Turks since the outbreak of the present Solavic re bellion. They oan fnrnish a contingent of 10,000 of the bravest troops in Eu rope. A correspondent of the London Times recently gave the following ac count of their system of war: “Their method of fighting is perfectly well known, aud oonsists of retiring to thedr mountain fastnesses, and laying waste the country, if the strength of the foe, is overwhelming. When they are sufficiently numerous to fight, they hide the greater part of their fpfpe behind rooks or in cayprpg, spud out a few skir mishers to entice the enemy into the ambuscade, and then fall on him, sword in hand. Or they will shoot him down from safe ambuscades in the hills as he marches through the ravines which are the avenues from one part of the coun try to another. If the persistent pouj age and energy with wbiofi these moun taineers have fought for their independ ence during a long series of years were not enough to show their character, a proof of their werlike spirit may be found in the saying of the friends of the family when a boy is born. They bless him with this speech, ‘May he not die in bis bed !’” Groeoe, although au independent Power, willaundouhtedly be an ally of Russia. She is weak from a military point of view, and probably poqld not muster more than 20.Q0Q men, although she professes to have an amy of fIO.OQQ The troops are poorly armed, and have no organised train or trained aanitary troops, The statement has been also made within a few days that there exists a secret treaty between Rnssia and Persia, but it is hardly possible that Persia will figure in the war, further than to take advantage of it for territorial acquisi tion. It is hardly necessary to consider the naval forces of Turkey and Russia. The fleet of Turkey is the strongest, but this is not to be a naval war. The contest will bo fought south of the Balkan mountains. Russia qnfl hey natural f ll *?® Pl|oo in the' field first and last l.? 00,000 men. Against this enor mous foroe, placing the Turkish army at its highest estimate, the Porte can bring about 900,000 men. Accept ing, however, the lower estimate, which is the most likely to be correct, it can muster a little short of 600,000 men.— There can be but orje result to such an encounter in the event that the other Powers do not interfere—the utter col lapse of the Turkish Empire. A POLITICAL INTRIGUE. T be ddnWWUta" friing to Cawarv toe BrWWan8 r WWan af toe Home-A Letter ta CrSn-Wh ß la toe Ex-ttoverner f-Oer. on’ Indignant Denial-No Chance fer the Intrigue to Succeed. Washington. April 15.-There is no longer any doubt that an effort is being made to electa Speaker of the next House in the interest of % Admmistra atT w here taW WW oyerturea made at to oi\e o$ tyro ijoutherij Demo oratm meipbers who, are supposed to have influence epoimfl with tfimr delega fcions tp. Qomua&c| taeir united support in ease the entire Republican minority of the House could be secured to vote for a candidate of their number. Either the Alabama or Texas delegation oonld SJT jb *wnUs? JSri W J* 19 A no wn that m cme instance the offey has been made and indignantly re jected. The feeling in the Sonth is more fully l.lustrated by the following extract from a letter of a well known Democrat who has been Governor of his State, ad- i dressed to a gentleman in this c ty 'He ■ is severe it will itS “bar- Sumw’ does ijht hh sS“ ah aU i ad i ei 4 40 ■ ta m L . V&iMwflWe ta the in the cpuutVT to-.day, but Senator Gor don and one John Young Brown. Had it not been for the trade these men en tered into with the grooms of Hayes, Titden would most certainly have been inaugurated President of tha emitted States. The resultof thgi*bfi#tlr tbe oontinued incvimbh*fcj in Federal posi tion* South of unprincipled, knavish carpet-baggers and arrogant negroes so disgusting to the better class r>Cr neo- P ,e - 1 ala ° learn that the Sin? ,- rgani 94 *WPuse of H? pr !r^iir*9 eohsidera - fruitions bow held by Hayek in'abeyanee for that pur- Pf*®‘ an d company are to fur nish enough Southern Democratic votes for the jjtTwiljf ihdeed be cheoil if this bargain be confirmed by tta Wuthero 44 seem to me that *,5, end trading OB the part tLm wpany would consign a Pnbtieal graves so deep that the hand of idawreotion could ueyer reach them. ~ ®. e “*4® r Gordon indignantly denies .2®u “ n * knowledge of, or that he * ou be a party to, any arrangement j by which the Southern cfluld organize the in the interest of the Adqitotstrutiod. H e does not believe that toera is a Democratic member of the nett Honse who would accept a nomination for Speaker at tbe faanda-of any coalition the Administration might I attempt, or that there is a Republican elected to the ne?t HouSe #ho eaa son mad t single Democratic vote for Speak er. John Young Brown, of Kentucky, i *2 A YEAR—POSTAGE PAID. | is not a member of tbe next House, and is not in Washington, but it may be safely assumed that he would spurn either feature of the proposition to give the House an Administration organiza tion. If there were any possibility that half a dozen Democratic members (for that is all who are needed) could be found recreant enough to enter upon a disre putable bargain to give the House of their friends over to tbe hands of their enemies, (fie “murdered ooalition” would still fail. It is now manifest that the Republican side of the next Honse will not be unanimous in support of the President’s Southern policy, and cannot be controlled, therefore, to unite upon any one of that party who might be named as a candidate for Speaker ac ceptable to the Administration; while on the other hand —assuming its possi bility—they would not be able to oast the solid Republican vote for a Demo oratio member who oonld control the half-dozen men of his own party and consent to be a candidate in the interest of poliev and place. The organization of the Forty-fiith House, therefore, will be completely Demooratio. COUNTING THE CEREALS. Washington, April 17.— The statisti cal oorps of the Department of Agricul ture report upon the condition of wheat in 868 oounties of the Winter wheat region. In 218 tbe returns are compara tively unfavorable; in 659 condition varying from average to superior ; thrift, is indicated. In the Atlantio States north of North Carolina, and in those of the Ohio Valley, there has been far* less injury from frost than usual. Of 320 oounties in the Ohio basin only 45 re port below average, and six-sevenths of the reports from the Middle States are favorable. In Wisconsin the unfavor able returns are from 15 of the 66 coun ties reported. In Kansas, from 17 to 38 oounties. Grasshopper ravages are re ported in 22 counties of Eastern Kansas, from Nebraska to Indian Territory aud as far west as Saline county. The wheat growing distriot in Texas is also alive with grasshoppers, whioh threaten the destruction of the crop in several coun ties. Mare than 20 counties report the hatching of Spring broods. There is an increase of the area of wheat in Texas, and prospects are favorable with the ex ception of grasshopper ravages. In the other States a dry Autumn and variable Winter have depressed the condition of wheat below the average. Scarcity la England. London, April 17.—The Mark Lane Express, in its review of the grain mar ket, says unusual exoitement has pre vailed in Mark Lane the past week, and the increased strength whioh the trade derived from diminished imports and the steady consumption of stooks was increased by the warlike aspect of the Eastern question. Odessa and St. Pe tersburg are about the only places from which we could expect large im ports of red whoat, and should war com mence the door may be partially closed on supplies, as the Turkish fleet is thought to be sufficiently powerful to harass the Black Sea trade considerably. This contingently is especially momen tous this year, beoause America seems able to spare so little red wheat. The large advance in prioes has made opera tors cautions, but where millers have been obliged to buy to meet require ments a rise of three to four shillings per qnartor on the week has been real ized. The cargo trade shows an ad vance of three shillings. There have been very few arrivals of wheat at call ing pools. Maige, aftey a long depres sion, suddenly came into favor, and values improved fully two shillings per quarter. THE EFFECT ON TRADE. The European War aud Commerce—_A Panic in Cotiofl, SfEiy Vos, April 17. —There is a semi panie in the cotton market, beginning late yesterday. Prices have ran down with unusual rapidity, touching the lowest figures that have been reached in many months. The dep.recsion is primarily due to the threatened war io Europe, by which the consumption may be oheeked and manufactures interrupt ed, But, iu addition to this, stocks are excessive here and in Liverpool. The threatened dangers to the next orop from cold storms, and from an overflow of the Mississippi river, have been re moved. Tbe weather at the Booth has for some days been clear, and the tem perature is rising, while a telegram from Memphis reports the Mississippi as falling at that point, and the waters reoeding in most of the tributaries of the great river, Middling uplands quoted |o. lower, say ll}c., and late prioes for future delivery are April, U Bfio.; May, 1123; June, 11 32; July, It 24; August, II 65; September, 11 46; October, 11 32; November, 11 23; De oeiuber, 11 25, and Jannary, 11 33. These prioes are from three to five points above the lowest figures of this morning, and the recovery is due to a demand from the shorts, ® ear ! Wit H bU * “I Turkeys—The Eastern Question Viewed Through Anaerienn Com mercial Spectacles. Nnw Yobk, April 17.—The effect that a war between Rnssia anfl Turkey would have on the United States is discussed at some length by the New York Jour- Mai of Commerce. That paper remarks that the hostile rumors which have been flying between the capitals of Europe for a few days past have led to a sharp rise in American wheat aufl uU bread stuffs. Other causes, flave operated to stiffen the market for these products for the si* months, but it is noticeable that American wheat bas been steadily advancing since the early part of last Fall, when the Eastern question began to be most threatening. Since (ben the rise in wheat has befifl flWly sixty oeuts on a bushel. The prevalent belief that the Spring wonm see the opening of a great war in the Bast, has certainly done its part in thl* Improvement of prices. From these facts we may conclude that snch a war would be materially a benefit to trade and oommeroe ip the United States. It would c-rnate a large Euro pean demand lor American grain and floqy aud provisions of all kinds, and the effect of this would he to stimulate manufactories %ud business in nearly e V e *Y brunch of industry. Ocean freights w°hjd partake of the improvement, and il England were dragged by circum stances into the vortex of war, American commerce having the preference for tbe carrying trade would get a start which it has not enjoyed for pearly twenty years. Americans, with these thoughts in their mfuda, say nothing of the oon which they feel in the promotion of Christianity and civilization in Turkey, but will eagerly watch every day’s devel opment of the Eastern question. The Daly of Farmers la Flew toe Im pending Eureka Vl(ar. DiPAßmafii; Agbioultubk, l tlfe Fqfrners of, Oeofaip.- In view of the threatened war in the East, which seem* now to be unavoid ably it becomes us as prudent men to •Vow, aa ta as possible, its disastrous effects upon our industries by a wise taccast in onr farm eoonomy. The in dications now are that there will he a protracted war, involving the feeding powers of Europe, the ueedwary conse quence of which wjdf u rapid advance in tha (oed supplies. Even the Tumor of war** has already oaused an appreciable advance in meats and breaaatniEi, and a decline in oar gseat i SteSSkJgW? ropean arc alfeady reported, and continue so long as the war lasts. The foreign demand for cotton may b,e j greatly reduced, and its price f%fl below even its present low figom In view of feots, th.e fanners of George aije urged, fo’ increase their i areas in proton crops, ft ia nut yet too late *9. increase, (be pres in corn, even if it has fo, be done by reducing tbe area ip cotton. Let farmers plant enough com to insure an ample supply for the ensuing year. Let them plant crops for their hogs, and foroe them forward to secure, as nearly as possible, a supply of baoon for home consumption. Ijat 1 them plant liberally in millet and field peas to supplement their corn crop in feeding stoc% ift pijdm; that more of their corn kW. , K oe averted-of which V present littte probably—we i wIU have lost nothing by the above poli cy} if not, we will have provided against tbe possibility of loss or sufferings In either event, those who fheTbove advice will have nothiaurlo regret, while those who dp not may De compelled to ptfTvhase provisions at ruinously high prioes, and pay for them with cotton at Uoo* 8 ev v* below the of produc- TaoMjUi P. Janes, Commissioner of Agriculture. THE STATE. THE PEOPLE AND THE PAPERS, Bishop Gross is in Darien. Hartwell builds anew jail. Columbus has a choral unioD. Peas and strawberries in Cuthbert. well 80n coun^'s w^ crop promises middle Georgia promises a fine fruit orop. dead ,anc^er * °i Hartwell, is Mrs. Susan O. Holmes, of Darien, is dead. ’ si°ooo county ia out of dßbt ’ plus R<fme eral buildinga Piu Madison has some beautiful fish ponds. 00l J. B. Estes, of Hall, is in feeble nealth. Sweet potatoes are scarce in Franklin county. -S 0 ? 6 deooratos her church pulpits with flowers. H. McKinney, Esq., becomes Mar shal of Carnesville. The Forest News favors the dried blaokberry crusade. The Maoouite now can ride on a street oar for five cents. .Au Irwin county hunter has the talons ot three enormous eagles. Butts county arose to tho dignity the otlmr day of selecting n new Coroner. • e i_.? rea< * onoe more to see our tmnghtly little neighbor, tho Hartwell There are now eight companies of troops at Atlanta, numbering about 300 men. The Valdoßt-a Jaimes will liaudflonaely support Mr. Hayes so long as he may do right. J A fish hawk, measuring six feet from tip to tip, was recently killed in Jackson oounty. A Butts oounty bee hive swarmed (metaphorically speaking) four times in fifteen days. There are five lady telegraph opera tors employed in offices upon the Geor gia Railroad. A Walker oounty man has patented an animal trap whioh will catch anvthinir from a mouse to a wolf. Tearful April Tongs to rest hsr muddy paws m tbe “flowery lap of blue eyed May (to be continued). The rumor that the anti-Convention movement is “backed by brains and money ’ is probably false. Hon. Jas. Blue, colored, of Deoatur county, was recently thrown from his wagon and seriously bruised. Before we forget it, we desire to state that the Cuthbert Messenger will vote solidly against a Convention. T hoa - A. Griffeths, late pastor of the Darien-Methodist Church, is now a candidate for Episcopal orders. Charley Meaoham, formerly one of Grt enville’a most competent business men, was adjudged a luna'io last week. Putnam aud Jasper second Morgan county in sending Hons. Joshua Hill aD m Augustus Reese to the Convention. The harrowing scent of bone phos phate has given away to the gentle, in - sinuating aroma of the blooming escha lot. A Franklin man reoenty killed a w<?ter fowl resembling a dock in its body, with a month like a chicken and a neck like a goose, Atlanta is now racked to the very cen tre by a Library war originating from “a piece of pleasantry” on the part of a oity editor. After all, the supposed indifference on the part of the Atlanta Constitution to a Convention ia only “a piece of pleas antry.” 001. John T. Collins’ reappointment as Colleotor of Customs for tbe Bruns wick Distriot was hailed with general sat isfaction. It is reported that Col. Purcell allows no one to ride free over the Oconee tres tle who has not a life preserver around, his waist. A negro squaw in Clay county, going out to a Saturday night frolic, lock- and up her little children to fondle the kerosino lamp until her return. A marriage ceremony, conducted by Judge Rice in open Court, was among the episodes of the Banks county ses sion of Superior Court. The Southern Dental Association ad journed on Thursday last in the city of Montgomery, Ala., to meet next year in the oity of Atlanta, Ga. Butts county has a Sunday School and organizes a dancing academy. The Star of Empire still tangles herself ir the Southern oanebrakes. Butts county girls, the fair Goodies who wear No. 2 shoes, retire at 7, p. m. After all, any night editor can attest that plenty of sleep ia accompanied by physical beauty, The Forest Mews has a temperance column. 001. Stafford, we apprehend, is one of the few editors in the country who oan stand up to such a column like the sentinel in the State oaat of arms. J. W. Grigsby, executive clerk under the Smith administration, has Been ap pointed by Gov. Colquitt superintend ent of tbe model farm connected with tbe Agricultural College at Athens. A man’s body has been found iu the Chattooga river, near the State line, and it is supposed thAt one Gris. Johnson killed him, It is needless to remark that Johnson is now held to be insane.. flljlijay wants a jeweler. Brunswick wants a bank. Cotton planting commences. Tramps are still troublesome in Co vington. Stone Mountain wants a library asso ciation. Bainbridge aells bitters at 21 cents per dram. The Athens Georgian will become a tri-weekly. “A children’s day” will be celebrated in Athens, May 2d. Mrs. Francis Hencely, aged 85, died recently in Forsyth. Atlanta has oommeuoed her Stone Mountain excursions. Most of the Dahlonega merchants pay for their goods in gold dust. Hall county will cover her Court House with a fire proof roof. Hon. J. J, Turnbull is opposed to the removal of the capital from Atlanta. Conyers is to have a grand Sunday school celebration on the sth of May. The Gainesville Southron poetically allndes to “Frankfort-on-the-Rliine.” Col, Warren Aiken, of Cartersville, re gar As the State Senate as a useless body. An excursion to Toccoa Falls, the first Tuesday in May, is to come off in Athens. Martin D. Nelms and William Wylie, charged with larceny, broke jail in Elli jay. Dudley Hughes, Esq., of Dooly couu ty, killed 10,000 pounds of pork last . year. A series of religions meetings are in progress in the Athens Methodist, churches. The Grand Chapter of Georgia ho Ids its annual convention in Macon ou the 24th inst. Mr. W. B. Hale, an old and highly re spected citizen of Qoonee county, died last week. Chas. H, porter, a sewing machine has absconded with a Griffin liv- WX stable team. Mr, Joun D. Ross, of Maoon, has re ceived a patent on a car-ooupliug whioh he bas invented. The walls of the old Baptist church in Covington we*e blown down by the wind I*M Friday. Athens will soon throw anew lattice bridge across tho Oconee, near the Geor gia Railroad depot. Atlanta excursionists and picknickers begin to regard Stone Mountain as a big “pieee of pleasantry.” | Social Circle is soon to have a lecture jby Mrs. R. C. Hale, M.D., a practicing physician in Walton county. The blooming of the early Spring hop seems to exhilarate the Stato editor of the Bavannah News. Hon. George T. Represen tative iu the Legislature from Terrell county, died last Sunday. Mr. Emory Speer delivers the literary address the commencement of the Wesleyan Female College, in Macon. Dp, to date the sales to spinners iu t Columbus have decreased seventeen hundred and ten bales over last season. There is a private residence in Macon 1 where there re seven copies of tbe Tele graph and Messenger taken regularly. A Macon negro, on Monday evening, slipped ofl a loot fog into the OcmuJgee anq drowned before aid eonld reach : mun. A Covington youth has been heard from in California. He is editing a newspaper. Let Georgians think well ol this poor yonng man’s lot before go ling West. The Wa/ckmap, learns that a negro in Jackson county, while, waiting on bis aged father who was dying, was shot, through a crack in the side of the house, on Saturday night last.