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grhrotticlc anb WEDNESDAY, - - JOLY 18, 1877. CROP hbwh. The friends of the Chronicle and Constitutionalist in Georgia and Sooth Carolina will greatly oblige us by sendiug, from time to time, brief let ters showing the condition of the crops. We would like to have a letter once a week from every locality where the Chronicle and Constitutionalist cir culates. la Flipper black, brown or cream colored, aay? m 9 m Ex -President Jeff Davis has a sor in-law named Hates. The ex-State Auditor of Alabama i reported “ short ” SBO,OOO. Armenia is to Russia what Montenegro is to Turkey—a hard Dut to crack. Blue Jeans Williams has lately ex perienced a black suit of clothes and a white vest. The Mechanics’ Havings Bank, of Bos ton, paid a cash dividend of 40 percent, the other day. | Philadelphia boasts of a man who has been arrested twenty-six times for beating his wife. The Jewish Babbi, of New Haven, Conn., occupied the pulpit of a Con gregational Church last Sunday. Gabbiel Netteb, a New York banker, was the Jewish gentleman who received an invitation to the Grand Union Hotel at Saratoga. The thrilling news reaches us from Washington that new applicants for Federal positions will get a large share of the spoil. A correspondent of the Tribune thinks it about an even choice between death by consumption and a residence in East Florida. What a pity the money invested by citizeus of Augusta in wild cat or doubt ful securities abroad was not employed usefully at home. Authentic tidings from abroad show that Grant approves Haws’ policy.— This will be gall and wormwood to the “ stalwart ” Radicals. Macon has honored herself by provid ing for the widow and orphans of the late A. R. Watson. It is a very rare case of Christian charity. The Louisiana papers advised the plan ters of that State ;to diverisfy their agriculture. Result: About 12,000 more acres planted in cotton than last year. Seven hundred and thirteen Dutch, Swiss, Norwegians, Danes and English have just landed. They are Mormons and will go to join Brother Bbioham YoITNQ. m , m The correspondents at the front (front garret window in New York) all said Mukiitab Pasha was a fool. The Rus mans really at the front are of a differ ent opinion. LooKiNii Glass wants to “come in” with his band. Better break him and bring him in pieces.— Baltimore Gazette. How would hanging do ? That would be “holding the mirror up to Nature.” If yon hunger for that vacant Consul ship, remember that it is at 9t. Paul de Loando -a very unhealthy place on the coast of Afrio.i. Why not give it to a first class Charleston Hunkidori ? The New York Herald thinks Ben Hill’s criticism of the Blaine-Cham 11F.RLA1N fiasco is simply an assertion that both the Demooratio and Republi can parties are dead. Pitkin has brought on as a present to Butleb a Louisiana Ku-Klnx dead box. The Wioked One will exhibit this box in Congress, as a substitute for Morton’s bloody Bhirt. There is fun ahead in Oc tober. A colored man arraigned for forgery in the Superior Court yesterday declined to take a colored man for a juror in his case, though the Solicitor-General had accepted him. There was not muoh color line in this. In 1828 29 Russia was at war with Turkey for sixteen months before Dibb lTflcn succeeded in crossing the Balkans with his skeleton army. At that rate of progress the oapture of Constantinople is still remote. The Liberian Committee at Charleston reports 46,000 South Carolina negroes ready to go to Afrioa. They may be “ready,” but we predict that not 400 of them will ever cross the brine. It takes money to transport 45,000 men. aJcoordino to Gen. Mahone, Vir ginia’.• debt is $41,000,000. He also figures jnt a tax deficit of at least $590,- 000. Some shrewd experts in "Fee nautz” think Gen. Mahone is squinting at repudiation. He u a candidate for Governor. The discomfiture of the Russians in Asia is attributed to a want of supplies and that want is traced to frauds in the commissariat. It is the same old story. The speculators in the rear are more dangerous to a oountry than an enemy in front. "Gold, in its last analysis, is the sweat of the poor and the blood of the brave.” So far as heard from 464 delegates have been chosen to the Virginia Democratic Convention that is to nominate a candi date for Governor. Of these Daniel has 141, Mahone 89. Fra Lee 67, Talia ferro 50, Terry 53, Holliday 83, and 23 are uninstructed. Gen. W. H. F. Lee, son of Gen. R. E. Lkb and oousin of Frrz, is spoken of as the dark horse. The Charleston News and Courier, of Thursday, records the donation of $5 to that plucky Southern woman, who sup ports herself and ten children on an acre of ground, which she wishes to buy. There are plenty of men in Charleston who could help that poor and noble wo man, but they do not seem inclined to do so. Their spare funds probably go to Booraboola Gha. What is the joy of one Carolina widow with ten children to the so-called conversion of a dirty pagan? By way of a special dispatch from Co lumbia to the Cincinnati Enquirer we learn that evidence has been taken be fore the Investigating Committee show ing that D. T. Corbin used the “Phos phate Royalty” belonging to the State to purchase votes when running for United States Senator, and that Corbin, getting wind of the teatimony against him, bad suddenly sailed for Europe. The news comas a long ways from home, but the statement* are made very cir cnmstantially. The dry goods import trade of New YoTk is stated by the Journal of (bm inerce to have been $4,338,075 for Jun*>, an increase of about $500,000 over last June; $40,858 970 for the half year, a decrease of $3,400,000 compared with the first half of last year; and 877,831,- 234 for the fiscal year, a decrease of $10,200,000 compared with the last fiscal year. This fiscal year's dry goods im portation at New York has been the •smallest for a decade. In 1867-’8 the importation was 877,254,182, and since that time it steadily advanced to about 140 millions in 18712, whilst it has -rtooe as steadily declined. It is sup posed, however, that the turning point has been reached, aa both May and June this year show a larger dry goods' importation than those months last year, and at the depressed values pre vailing in all kinds of dry goods, a dob lar represents more goods now than for merly. MItA.KIHJEYII.LE AND ArLANTA. We have received from the Chairman of the "Citizens’ Committee” of Jlil ledgeville a OapiUPcampaign document ia the shape of photograph* of the Cap itol Building and Governor’s Mansion at that place, and an estimate from Mr. D. B. Woodruff, a Macon architect, of the cost of the necessary repairs on the buildings. Tbe photographs show what all visitors to Milledgeville have seen, a handsome and commodious State House and Executive Mansion, both set In the midst of fine grounds. The archi tect puts the toUl cost of repairs to the Capitol at $9,145. We have no doubt fbat tbe figures are as nearly correct as estimates usually are; we know that the •nildings and grounds sre spacious, val i ble and admirably adapted to the purposes for which they were designed , and we are wtrmly in favor of the re moval of the Capital to the old looation. Bat we are not in favor of jeopardizing the adoption of the Constitution which is to be framed by incorporating in it a clause making either Atlanta or Mil ledgeville the aeat of government. We think tbe Capital qnestion should be submitted to the people at the same time that the Constitution is snbmitted, bat as a separate clause, so that the vote upon the two will not confliot. The matter should be arranged so that the voter can vote for or against the Con vention and inscribe Milledgeville or Atlanta on his ballot. This we believe is the best and simplest solution of the Capital question, and we trnst it will be adopted. PRAYING FOR THE CONTENTION. From the dispatches published in the Chronicle and Constitutionalist yes terday morning, it seems that there will be no paid chaplain for the Constitu tional Convention. Such delegates as are ministers may open the daily ses sions with prayer if they feel so inclin ed, bnt they will receive no per diem lor their services. Hon. Joshua Hill, of Morgan, appears to have defeated the proposition to pay for prayers by his bold speech against it. Of course there will be many pious persons who will be sincerely shocked at the action taken by the Convention on this subject. It has generally been the custom of Legisla tures, Conventions and Congresses to have a paid preacher to open their de liberations with prayer, and many will think that the blessing of Heaven will not rest on an assemblage that has de liberately set these pious precedents aside. There are two sides, however, to this as to every other qnestion. The Convention did not deeline to have pray ers offered at the commencement of its sessions ; it simply declined to employ a chaplain at a regular salary to conduct its devotions. There are a number of Christian ministers in Atlanta, and can easily take it by turns to pray for a body which doubtless greatly needs the help of prayer. There are also among the delegates (though there ought not to be) a number of Christian ministers who will draw regnlar per diem aa members of the Convention and who can well afford to pray without receiving additional compensation. We believe as mneh as any one does in the efficacy of prayer and we have the highest respect for the sincere and upright men who consecrate themselves to the service of God; bnt we have no respect for those who seek to make merchandize of religion, nor do we believe that the petitions of suoh false Apostles ever find their way to the throne of Divine Graoe. Those who have attended sessions of the Legisla ture in Atlanta have beard more than once reports of so called ministers of the Gospel aotnally lobbying for the po sition of chaplain at so many dollars per day. Is it any wonder, then, that right thinking men should become disgusted with suoh cant and hypocrisy, suoh prof anation of holy things, and sboqld re fuse to encourage a practice which has begotten one of the scandals of the day? The Convention will not suffer for spirit ual food by reason of its refusal to pay a salary to s chaplain, taken either from or without its body. There are good men in Atlanta, ornaments to the pul pits which they fill, who will gladly serve the Convention without fee or re ward, save such as will come to them through the approval of their own con sciences. Persons who will consider the matter oarefully will find some reason for the aotion taken by the Convention in this matter. THE POPULATION OF AUGUSTA. The publisher of the Directory of 4u gusta, which has just been issued, makes the population of AuguatA 23.768 —whites, 15,136; colored, 8,632. We have no doubt that the publisher of the Directory and his assistants took the census carefully, and we have equally as little doubt that the population of Au gusta exaseds the figures given by at least 3,500. The difficulty experienced in making an aoourate enumeration of the inhabitants of a city i very great. In the first plaoe, some oversights on the part of the oensns taker are natural, and oannot be guarded against. In the second place, mistakes are made by the ooeapants of houses to who® census taker’s questions mast he *44res§4, In the third plaoe, a great many ignorant people do not understand the objeot of the inquiries, and purposely give falae replies. Many persons imagine that taxatioH, t eggre other similar evil, is to follow in the of the census taker, and a* they think ih# calamity is to oome per capita, *h®7 prepare for it by making the number of peT? oo * 080U ' pyiug their bouses as small as For these reasons, it is impossible to get a full enumeration by tbe Directory system, however oarefully it may be car ried out. The population of Augusta proper is fully 27,000. Daring the past five years the growth of the city has been rapid and continuous. Hun dreds of new houses* have been built in the more thickly populated portions of the city, while the growth of the out skirts has been absolutely marvellous. A ride through the city will oonvince the most incredulous of the truth of what we say. Upon the basis of a popula tion of 27,000 in the oity proper, the snborbau villages, which aro just outside of the corporate limits and whioh aro to all intents and purposes a portion of the city, will give at least 3,000 additional inhabitants. We underestimate rather than overestimate when we place the population of Augusta and its immedi ate suburbs at 30,000 sonla. The pros pect of greatly increasing this popula tion daring the neit five years is very encouraging. Manufaeturesinorease pop ulation more rapidly than aay other agency and the population which they bring ia of a permanent and not a shift ing character. The manufacturing in- terests of Augusta are rapidly growing iu sixe and importance aud the city will ere long beeome one of the great, if not the great, manufacturing centres of the Union. The cotton mill now approach ing completion will give directly and in directly at least 500 additional inhabi tants to the city. Several new mills are in contemplation and will be realities before the end of the next twelve months. With magnificent railwa- fa cilities (six lines of railroad cepfering here) and one of the finest water powers in the world, Augusta will aoon’.have a population of 50,000 souls. GnscCTfarsHTiAi. evidence in the Gno m esse points to bribery. If it sen be • proved that the Oregon Senator was ille gally efeetod'hooeet Pemoamta will vote for hie expulsion. Bat just thinfc of carpet-bag Senators going without in veetigation, If Gov. Nicholas, as is rumored, should pardon Wells and Ahdkssoh, if oonviated, he would simply damn him self and not save them from public ob loquy. It i high time that “dicker and bargain” should get a black eye. We want a dear deck for 1880. GEORGIA’S CONVENTION. SECOND DAY’S SESSION OF THE CONTENTION. TkcPrm/vr Qrli*a-N* Par far Preackers -Mr. Hill’s ’Hew# *f Political Prayln*- PwmtJ Obaagaa la the. Leafcrtatare— Elect laa at Slate Boaoo OSteero hr the Peo ple— No Commanleatlaa fee the OereAer— The Neooleea. [Special to tbe Chronicle and Constitutionalist ] Atlanta, July 12.—The Convention met this morning in the Opera Honae, at nine o’olook, the President, Hon. Chaa. J. Jenkins, in the Chair. General A. R. Lawton, of tbe First District, was elected Vice-President of tbe Convention. Parlag the Preacher. The first thing which came up was a lively sqnabble over getting someone to eonduct devotional exercises for the Convention at the hour of meeting every morning. The President said that it was usnal to have the daily ses sions of deliberative bodies opened with prayer, and suggested that the Conven tion appoint a chaplain to discharge this dnty. Upon this suggestion an ani mated discnßsion arose as to the amount of money to be expended in prayer, in the way of the chaplain’s per diem. One delegate suggested that tbe chap lain be remunerated by voluntary con tributions from the members of the Convention, on the hand-around-the-hat principle. Other delegates favored pay ing the chaplain a regular per diem out of the funds set apart tor the expenses of the Convention. Mr. Hill (Joshua), of the Twenty-eighth District, was not in favor of paying the preacher for hia prayers. He said he did not think praying would do the Convention much good. Napoleon Bonaparte once said that in battle artillery well directed was a great deal more efficacious than a military mass. He thought that prayer was peculiary inappropriate upon political subjects on which the delegates had already made up their minds, where there was no prospect that any opinions could be altered and where no end could be attained. Prayer was greatly abused and prostituted in this particular. Still he had no objection to such delegates as were preachers of fering prayers when tbe Convention as sembled, but he was opposed to adver tising their piety to the world and pay ing for it out of the State’s treasury. Such resolutions as the one offered pay ing a ohaplain a regnlar per diem were stereotyped, common-place and stale, and he thought the divine ordinance would be more honored in the breach than in the observance. The resolution to appoint a chaplain was not adopted, and the Convention will have to do its own praying, at least for the present. Rule* Adopted. The Committee on Rules appointed yesterday reported rules for the govern ment of the Convention, which were slightly amended and passed and three hundred copies for the use of the del egates ordered printed. Proposed Changes in the Legislature. Mr. Collier (John), of the Thirty-fifth District, introduced a resolution for re modeling the Legislative Department of the State government. It provides that the General Assembly shill be divided into two Houses and shall consist of one hundred members, elected from dis tricts composed of contiguous counties, having regard to population; thirty Senators and seventy Representatives. The Legislature ia to meet onoe in two years and the members are to have a salary of $l5O and actual traveling expenses going to and returning from the Capital. Mr. Bass (Nathan), of the Forty second District, also offered a resolution on tbe same subject. It provides for biennial sessions of the General Assem bly, commencing on the first Wednes day in November, 1878. Each Congres sional Distriot is constituted a Senatorial District and two Senators are to be elected from eaoh distriot, the present Senators to hold office until their terms expire. The House of Representatives is to consist of seventy-five members, to be elected fronS as many election dis tricts, eaoh election district to have a population of 15,788. KlecClog Sima HHe Officer-. |y Ike People Mr. Niabet (R. B.), of the Twenty eighth District, offered a resolution in regard to the selection of State House officers. It provides that the Secre tary of State, the Treasurer of the State, the Surveyor-General and tbs Qoiuptrolley-General shall be eleoted by the people at the same time and in the game manner aB the Governor. Under the rules these resolutions were read and referred without debate to the appropriate committees. No Communication to the Governor. Mr. Reese (W. M.). of the Twenty ninth District, made a motion that his Exoellenoy Governor Colquitt be notified that the Convention is organized, and ready to receive any commnnioation from him which he might be pleased to make. In making the motion Mr. Reese stated that it was highly probable tbe Gover nor might have some valuable informa tion to impart to the Convention. Mr. Jenkins (C. J.), of the Eighteenth Distriot, (the Vice-President being in the chair) opposed the adoption of the mo tto#. fje said that while he had a cor dial respect for the Governor of the State, such nottfioatiqp ?s tjmt contem plated by the motion was entirely out of order. The Governor had now o more to do with the People's Convention than a member of tbe judioiary or the legis lative department of the government. He had ordered the eleotion, called the Convention and announced the result, and his dnty was fully performed. We should avoid bad precedents. This is a Convention of the people, through their delpgat#?- and has no connection with State afiairj,. ff §Jt any time we shall desire information PW r.e?pectfully ask him to communicate it to us; other wise there is no more reason to oommn nioate with the Governor than with any other State official. Mr. Reese’s motion was laid on the tfblP by a unanimous vote. Mr. Williams (S, L.t, of tfie gleventh Distriot, offered a resolution filing the per diem of the members of the Conven tion at $3 per day. Mr. Tift (Nelson), of the Tenth Dis triot, hoped that the $25,000 appro priated by the Legislature for the ex penses of tfes Convention would not be exceeded. After pome dissuasion ttje whole ques tion of the' delegates was lfd on the table until Monu-J- A resolution was adopted thm the Convention would meet daily at 8:30, a. m., and adjourn at l, p. m. No after noon sessions aa yet. The committees have not yet been announoed. THE FIRST DAY’S SESSION. Immense Crowd Prevent — A Gaaklig St-ene —Great Expectation*—Gaerry and tbe Rebel*—Jenkins’Speech—A Short Neanion Demanded—The Committee*—Deaf Dele gate*. t Correspondence ChroaiAisM ConstitutionaUsi.] Atlanta, July 12. Large bodies move slowly, but the ease and celerity with which the Georgia Constitutional Convention got under way is not a little remarkable, dad in all the clumsiness of an unwieldy popular assemblage, with no rales to guide, and but few precedents to follow, this delegates gre gariously assembled and when the noonday hands of the Gapitol dock were in conjunction one of the largest crowds ever gathered within the building were in attendance to witness the Corliss machinery in its initial labors. No standing room oonld be procured, the reporters’ tier being packed with aepribee and “some in au thority," while the galleries resounded with the ham of an expectant crowd of ladies and gentlemen. There was some-' thing majeetie in the very assembling of the Convention, by whieh Georgia was to wrest an organic law from the debris of a puny and bastard instrument, con ceived in Reeonstruotion, born of Re publicanism, and abnormally developed by a progressive people, '‘High expec tation" enthroned himself in the very as though the witches of fraud were about to unbosom themselves before this multitude of wise counsellors and patriot ic men. Before them the reins of govern ment seemed to slacken, and the bonds of all official authority to quiver under their tread. Indeed there was some thing absolute in their power which waa reoognixed by sll, and their omni potence seemed gloomily gra fs. Jot a few of the credulous, in fact, looked to see the delegates show their authority by dragging Gov. Colquitt and his re tinae up before the assemblage and forthwith, while others MnideuSy 1 ex pected to behold the Qpera sonse lifted bodily from its hinges and trans ported upon t£e shoulders pf the wire gra&s) flaiBTW in t&e direction of the ancient “halls of our fathers.” Jlnt ■wishing of the sort ha* happened. Vesuvius gives no rambling sounds; tee offioe holders have aa yet no reason to quake nor Atlanta to turn pale ever the Capital. Hie immortal 193. every one of whom is a “bigger man” than Oov. Colquitt, are quiet and dignified and give no evidence of heroio effort. General Guerry, of Qaitman county, being called to the Chair aa temporary President, made a short speech, dwell ing particularly upon the anti-rebel phases of the State Constitution. Gov. Jenkins, eloquently introduced by Geo. Lawton, and unanimously elected Chair man, spoke substantially as wired yon yesterday. Your correspondent, how ever, his been enabled to proenre hie speech entire, and presents it this morn ing, as revised and corrected by the dis tinguished orator himself, for the Chronicle and Constitutionalist. As yon see, it was in tone eminently conser vative. Indeed, it was a matter of general comment that the Governor did nut touch upon the fact of his having been de posed from office ten years since, when civil government was overturned by Federal bayonets. But we are rather of the opinion that he was right in al lowing the dead past to bury its never to be resurrected dead. There is in the Convention a eoutrol ing element who favor a prompt as well as thorough dispatch of business. The importance of their work is evident to them, bat while the reverse is true, it cer tainly does not hold that "he who labors long labors well.” The ex-Governor en joined brevity and celerity in his open ing address, aDd his injunction will most probably be followed. While debat ting upon Matt Dews’substitute yesterday afternoon a motion was made to postpone the matter of determining upon modes of reviewing tbe Constitution until this morning. This was, however, strongly opposed by General Toembs and Mr. Matthews, and the procrastinating policy fell through, nor will it speedily be re vived. Occasionally some technical brother clamors for the yeas and nays, but those who hold up his hands are few and far between. This morning the Chairman will appoint his committees, thirteen iu all, nine members (one from every Congressional District on each) to report upon specified sections of the Constitution, as wired j esterday; mean while the Committee on Rules are busy with their work. In drawing for seats the deaf men made a gallant spurt to be allowed to choose beforehand, and though the hu mane element of the assembly sided with them the afflicted statesmen were finally compelled to cast lots with the rest. In fact, the number of deaf men proved so large that the sound delegates would be hopelessly crowded out. Fact is, we think the deaf men should have a chance and if the Capital is removed every one should be at the head of the column with a speaking trumpet and a loud amanuensis at his elbow. The 18th Distriot delegation are upon the outer row of seats. Minor Matters* Atlanta is wonderfully exercised over the Convention. The people, however, we apprehend, will finally sit upon her case. •* * * * Speaker Bacon and other noted gentle men are attending the sessions. * * * Mr. Josiah Sibley, Major Ganahl, J. K. Evans, Esq., and Lieutenant J. J. Co hen were in the city yesterday. * * * The obituary editor of the Constitution floated like a weird spectre into the hall yesterday. This literary sexton seemed to take savage delight in witnessing the gyrations of his victims whom he has lately so industriously and lugubriously " gathered in.” P. A. S. GOV. JENKINS’ SPEECH. Reappearance Iu Public Life of tbe Dtlin guished Georgian—President of the Count)* tutlonal Convention Full Text of Hi* Speech, a* Contained iu the Author’* Manu script. We have assembled to execute a most important trust, oonflded to us by a no ble constituency, and involving immense responsibility. Government is indis pensable to society and to progressive civilization. It exists among the na tions of the world in various forms, ac cording to their varying ideas of expe diency. In absolute monarchies the will of the potentate is the law of the subject, and in him abide sovereignty and government. Snoh a state of socie ty necessarily precludes all idea of limi tation or division of powers. With us, however, widely different ideas of social polity obtain. We hold that sovereign ty belongs of right to, and must abide in the people. But, inasmuch as a peo ple so numerous, dispersed over a ter ritory so great in extent, cannot in the nature of things govern aggregately, the neoessity is imposed upon them to dele gate to selected members of the body, for limited periods, the specific powers of government. And, as it might en danger public liberty to delegate to the same individual, or any number of in dividuals, even for a limited time, all those powers and functions, which seem to fall easily and naturally into the clas sification—legislative, executive and ju dicial—the expedient of dividing and limiting them has been adopted. Now, it is apparent that for suoh a social polity two distinct bodies or sys tems of law qro qeopssajry—one of a per manent abiding oharaotpr, emanating directly from the people, creating instru mentalities or bodies of magistracy for governmental purposes, providing the modes and times of their appointment, prescribing their terms of service, and delegating to each class its proper func tions and powers, denominated funda mental or oonstitqtiqnal law. The other, enacted by one of the bodies of magistra cy and subject to be changed or abolished by them, regulating the conduct of men in their mutual relations, defining and protecting the rights of persons and pro perty, and providing means to carry on the Government established by the peo ple, denominated statutory law. Al though the fundamental law should be in its nature abiding—seldom subjected to ohange—in the progress of events, in the onward march of civilization, expe rience may demonstrate to the wisest people the necessity of changing the or ganization op the mode of appointment or the tenure of ope of #JI pr the bodies of magistracy charged with the govern ment of the State—of enlarging or cur tailing the powers of one or all. Numerous and cogent reasons might he assigned, showing the absolute pro priety of modifying at this time the Constitution of Georgia—some drawn from the authority by which, and the cir cumstances under which, it was con structed and adopted ; others suggested by inherit defeats of t]je instrument. But here and now this would be super erogatory. The Legislature having submitted to the people themselves whether they will or will not convene for the purpose of framing anew their Constitution, they iu their wisdom have determined that they will, and have deputed us to frame one, and submit it for iWr‘ fidPßi.4efaf.ion. It would be equally inappropriate for t&e qq phis oc casion to attempt even a sketch of such an instrument as would meet the exig encies of the times. In the discharge of this great duty you will, with such formalities as you may devise, hear sug gestions, compare views, endeavor to harmonize conflicting opinions, and then digest weighty matter of yonr earnest lucubrations; But f triist you will raoeive kindly a few general sugges tions, sotfi? of which, if adopted, will, I think, facilitate the great work upon which yon are entering, narrow the field of inquiry, and promote conces sion and final agreement. First, then, State at large, the grand fjody politic, should be regarded parqmoqnt to locaf con siderations. The last, ,coining into con flict, and persisinsfly adhered to, some times defeat reforms tar mors important than all the antagonizing interests. Second, The essential diffe enoe be tween constitutional and statutory law, already alluded to, should be kept steadily hi yiew. There are principles inherent to Rep*blipan government in dispensable to Briefless. *re acts which government (as distinguished from sovereignty) shontd be eommand ed to perform; and there are acts to which government might be tempted by the argepey of ill-digested public opin ion, but whV*** traced to final results, imperil public' wej/are, and which gov ernmaut should be proJtnbued from do ing These propositions are not stated as covering the whole ground, but for illustration, and these and such like matters lie properly within the pale of constitutional law. Again • There are matters of law whufc revolve no great fundamental principle, whi/ek impend upon considera tions of expediency, . °° t . ever-varying circumstances, and wuich, being tested, often caU for speedy amendment or abrogation. There is such a thing as legitimate tentative legislation, and experiment dis poses errpr, repeal or ftOd.igcation should be prompt, easy and inexpen sive. Bv leaving <?nt of the fundamental l“w proSs. either Oratory or pro hibitory, which it should nontatn, too great latitude is given to legislative dis cretion, and the omission to do what should be dons, or the doing of what should not be done, may entail irrepar able injury. By including in the funda mental law matters which are proper sub-eots of statutory regulation yon ma/ render fte assembling of the people in Convention too /request, and bring the Constitution itself into contempt. Both these extremes should be carefully in a progressive age, but progress is sometimes in a wrong direction j sometimes too rapid, §gin *t times, in pakidhlar interests, unduly accelerated by the adoption of meas ures inimical to the general welfare. The doctrine generally maintained as to Legislatures of the Sovereign States of the the American Union, is that they may make all laws, which they shall deem neoessary and proper for the welfare of the State, and which shall be consistent with the Constitution of the State and not repnguant to the Constitution of tbe United States. Indeed snoh a grant of power is incorporated expressly in the constitutions of most of tbe States. It is so in that under which we live. Now reonrriDg to the spirit of progress before alluded to, and comparing tbe legisla tion of Georgia in the early days of tbe Republic with the scope of that of this day, it will, I think, be found that the Legislature has in the recent past dealt with the resources of the State, which are the pockets of the people, in a way never dreamed of in that earlier day. I may mentioa as an example the pledg ing of the public faith and credit in aid of private enterprises. These are often undertaken without means adequate to the end, and credit is relied upon to supply the deficiency. Asa question between borrower and lender, it may well be left to their discretion; bnt wheu the latter demands and tbe former snes for State endorsement it assumes anew and startling aspect. Barriers against such legislation were deemed unneces sary iu tbe time of slower bnt Burer progress. It may well be considered whether they are not now essential. The proposition that in a popular sovereignty the education of the masses is a consideration of the highest mo ment cannot be disputed. There are often measures proposed in advance of legislative action which have been advo cated, and their opponents and tbe peo ple are called upon to cast their votes for or against those measures by voting for these advocates or their opponents. But as many of the people as are not sufficiently educated to weigh argu ments pro and con, vote in the dark, cast votes by personal favoritism only, which, nevertheless, count in making up the majority that passes for sover eign judgment upon grave measures of state policy. It is sometimes said the education of the masses is immaterial, because in every oountry, in every age, grave political matters are originated and carried oat by a few leading and highly cultivated minds. We may grant this to be so. Still, two answers may be given to it as a practical proposition. First. In popular sovereignties those leading minds must be plaoed in posi tion to act by the suffrage of the masses, and if that suffrage be oast without re ference to the theories or the proposed policies of opposing candidates, the ballot decides no principle, and is in effect a nullity. A muoh lower standard of education will suffice to understand measures originated and explained than that requisite to originate and ex plain them. But there must be to some extent mental invigoration and enlargement by educational pro cesses—there must be instilled into the mind some general political prin ciples, by which the soundness of theo ries or measures proposed may be tested. And that individual who has not been educated to this point, aud it is not a very high one or very difficult of attain ment, is unprepared for the exercise of the sovereignty in whioh he participates. Therefore the State is in duty bound to take measures whioh will place suoh limited education within reach of the masses. [Applause.] If it be true that reliance must be bad at last upon a few leading minds, it will not be questioned that those minds require a very high grade of education. They must be worked up to suoh vigor and grasp of thought, and furnished with suoh stores of knowledge as will enable them to in vestigate and understand and elucidate the most difficult problems of political science. And how is this to be obtain ed ? Only in the higher institutions of learning—in those designated by the comprehensive title of universities, so oalled, because they are supposed capa ble of teaching everything that may be learned. I lay it dowu as a self-evident proposition, that every people claiming to be sovereign, and duly exercising the attributes of sovereignty should, and must, if true to themselves, have such an institution. [Applause.] Take Georgia for an example. How else is she to be provided with those leading minds, who are to guide the masses through the intricate processes of gov ernment ? Well, you say that heryonths must go for this education to and become the pupils of universities in other States of the Union or in foreign countries ? Reflect, that they may there receive teachings incompatible with our ideas of good government. But look at the proposition in another point of view. Reduce it to its last analysis, and what is it ? Just this, that the sovereignty of Georgia must remain forever under the pupilage of other sovereignties. Is this compatible with the dignity—is it com patible with the honor of the Empire State of the South ? Will it be said that Georgia has now an university ? Yes, she has an university by name, but, trust me, it is iu an embryo state. Its trustees have been earnest in their en deavors to expand it and give it the body and the appliances of an universi ty. But it is a most mortifying fact that the means are wanting. Witnout more liberal endowment the object oannot be accomplished. [Applause.] My Used belief is that Georgia will not be true to herself until she shall have provided an ample endowment for common school and university educa tion.- I know and feel the burdens of the people at this time, and I know and feel that with the heavy losses of prop erty they have sustained, and with the tremendous financial depression which pervades the country at this time, im mediate and fqll endowment of these en terprises is not to be expected. But I believe that a system can be devised by which these great objeots can be accom plished within a few years, gradually, without increasing the pecuniary bur dens now resting on the people, and I think you will agree with me that the great object is worthy of the most se rious consideration. [Applause.] I utter no caution against class lega tion or discrimination against onr citi zens of African descent; I feel a per fect assurance that tfyere is no tpenjber of this bofjy who WQqld propose quph action, aud if there was be would soon find himself without a following. That portion of onr popnlation are coming to see and will soon realize that those who onoe occupied a different relation to them fully reeoguize the ohange that has elevated their civil status, and are in truth their best frieuds. [Applause.] It is unnecessary to speak of our Federal relations. These are created by and well defined in the Constitution of the fjnited Statgg. right-minded men see and know that Georgia is observing striot fidelity to them, and therefore need make no new pledges, assume no obligations upon that Con stitution. Entirely outside of these re lations Georgia has a reserved sover eignty and a government to maintain. This is the precise field of our labors, aud there is in it scope enough for the grandest intellect and tbe most ardent patriotism. Limiting ourselves to this sphere of action, keeping steadily in view as our polar star the reserved sovereignty of Georgia, looking to the enlightement of her people, the develop ment of her resources and her steady progress in civilization, let us endeavor to frame for her a Constitution whioh generating of a remote future shall re gard as the palladium df thejr sacred liberty and their unbounding prosperity. I tender you, gentlemen, my most grateful acknowledgments for the high honor you have conferred by plaoiug me iu this chair. I shall be most happy if, at the conclusion of yonr labors, yon feel no regret at [bp fllffiise J°R have made of a presiding Officer. " More than a quarfer of a century ffias passed since I have had any experience in snoh a po sition, time enough to forgotten muoh of the limited parliamentary knowledge I may then havs acquired. I can not, therefore, promise you great effioieney or taet in discharge of the duty devolving upon me. I can give you the most positive assurance of a de sire and purpose, as far as in me lies, to be always" right 1 , impartial, just and courteous, You can aid me much, gentlemen, and economize time and money by gtriotly observing the roles you may adopt for your own govern ment, and condensing whatever of argu ment you may feel 'inolihed to ojfer to your aneoaiates, as far a® may he com- sppsp of dqty. THIRD DAY OF THE CONSTITU TIONAL CONVENTION. What Was Done Yesterday—The Chaplain Question Asain-No I’ny lor Preachins six Committees AppolPted-Thelr Compos! Matter Introduced—Numerous Changes la th Mints Government Proposed —State’s Right*/ '' ' ■ [Special to the Chronicle and Constitutionalist .] Atlanta, July Is.—The State Consti- Ocnyentiop assembled this morning, gt half-past eigfit .o'clock in the Opera Rouse, tfie President. Hon! Chas. J. Jppjpna, in the (3hair. No Par for Praela*. The aotion of the Convention yester day in refusing to adopt a resolution providing for the employment of a ohap lain to open the daily sessions with prayer caused a good deal of excitement among some few of the faithful, who were greatfy scandalized by the defeat of the measure. Hon. Joshua Bill’s speech was the general topic of oonversa- j tion after adjournment, was heartily com mended in some quarters and as harsh-. ly criticised in others. It was generally ejpectpd that n effort would be mgde to-day to rescind the vote of yesterday, and expectation was not disappointed. After the reading of the journal, Mr. Wright (A. R.), of the Forty-second District, moved a reconsideration of bo much of the same as re lated to the action of the Con-1 vention yesterday on the resolu tion offered providing for the ap pointment of a chaplain. Ur. Wright made a short speech in support of the motion to reconsider. He said ft was an old and time-honored custom for such bodies as this to have such an offc eer as a chaplain. He thought the mem biers of the Convention certainly needed the prayers of the righteous. The ex pense wonld be very small and certainly would not involve the State in bank ruptcy, as some of the members seemed to apprehend. Mr. Hill (Joshua), of the Twenty eighth District, renewed his objections to the measure. In a matter like this he said he was decidedly opposed to” giving any one denomination the prefer ence. He contended that all sects should be fairly represented. After some debate the motion to re consider was finally laid on the table. Six Committees Appointed. The President stated that he had appointed six of the thirteen standing committees and announced them as fol lows. The committees consist of nine members each —one from each Congres sional District : Committee on Bill of Bights—lst Dis trict, Jno. Screven; 2d, J. L. Seward, Chairman; 3d, J. L. Wimberly; 4th, W. A. Little; sth, Eli Warren; 6th, F. C. Furman; 7th, Jas. Brown; Bth, H. K. Casey; 9th, S. Q. Howell. Committee on Legislative Depart ments—lst District, H. H. Perry; 2d, J. D. Knight; 3d, T. M. Furlow; 4th, H. Buchannan; sth, J. Collier; 6th, W. A. Lofton ; 7th, L. N. Trammell; Bth, B. Toombs, Chairman; 9th, Joshua Hill. Committee on Executive Department —lst District, W. K. Gignillat; 2d, T. L. Guerry; 3d, R. W. Anderson; 4th, Porter Ingram ; sth, L. J. Gartrell, Chairman; 6th, J. M. Pace; 7th, W. T. Wofford; Btb, J. D. Matthews; 9th, C. J. Wellborn. Committee on the Judiciary—lst Dis trict, A. B. Lawton, Chairman; 2d, J. A. Davis; 3d, W. S. Wallace; 4th, L. H. Featherston; sth, N. J. Hammond; 6th, T. G. Lawson; 7th, W. K. Moore; Bth, Wm. M. Reese; 9th, Aug. Reese. Committee on the Elective Franchise —lst District, N. McLeod; 2d, J. B. Twitty; 3d, 'J. H. Respass; 4th, W. I. Hudson; sth, F. D. Dismuke; 6th, J. C. Key; 7th, A, R. Wright, Chairman; Bth, P. C. Hudson; 9th, R. D. Wynn. Committee on the Militia—lst Dis trict, A. G. Smith; 2d, B. F. Burnett; 3d, J. C. Ellington; 4th, D. R. Render; sth. J. H. Hunt; 6th, R B. Nisbet, Chairmat ; 7th, T. G. McFarland; Bth, W. H. Mattox; 9th, Oliver Clark. The Capital Question. Mr. Ingram (Porter), of the Twenty fourth District, offered a resolution in relation to the location of the seat of government. It provides that the Leg islature at its next session shall deter mine the question of the location of the State Capital, subject to ratification by the people at the ballot box. The reso lution went over under the rules. Election of Jurors. Mr. Gibbs (T. A.), of the Twenty seventh Distriot, offered a resolution providing for a change in the manner of selecting grand and special juries. The resolution went over under the rules. Taxation of Corporations. Mr. Tuggle (W. O.), of the Twenty seventh Distriot, offered a resolution in relation to the taxation of corporations. It provides that all corporations, except religions oorporaiions, shall be taxed at the same rate as individuals. The reso lution was referred under the rules. Prohibition of Taxation. Mr. Tuggle also offered a resolution prohibiting the State government and municipal governments from levying a greater tax than one-half of one per cent. Referred under the rules. Election of Judges. Mr. Russell (Waring), of the First District, offered a resolution in relation to Superior Court Judges. The resolu tion provides that commencing in the year 1880 the Judges of the Superior Courts of the State shall be elected at the same time and in the same manner as county officers are eleoted. Referred under the rules. Religious Freedom. Mr. Respass (J. H.) of the Thirteenth Distriot, offered a resolution providing for securing freedom of religion to the people of this State. Referred under the rules. Railway Discrimination.. Mr. Dismuke (F. D.), of the Twenty sixth District, offered a resolution pro hibiting railways in this State from making discriminations in their rates of freight and fare. Referred under the rules. County Affairs—i.qan of Credit. Mr. Mynatt (P. L.), of tho Thirty fifth District, offered a resolution in re lation to the management of county af fairs. The resolution provides for the eleotion by the people of five Commis sioners in each county of the State, who shall have sole and exlusive control of all county matters, local legislation, etc., except the granting of charters. Mr. Mynatt also offered a resolution prohibiting the State government and municipal governments from loaning their oredit or issuing their bouds in aid of any private corporations. Both reso lutions were referred under the rules. Clinuges in the T.egislntnre. Mr. Warren (Eli), of the Twenty-third District, offered a resolution in relation to the Legislative Department, It pro vides for biennial sessions of the General Assembly. The Legislature is to consist of twenty-five Senators (eleoted from as many Senatorial Districts) and of seventy-five Representatives—three to be elected frog} each Senatorial District. The pay of momhers is fixed at four dollars per diem and the mileage at five cents per mile for each mile actually traveled. Referred under the rules. Our Form of Government. Mr. Casey (H. R.), of the Twenty ninth District, offered a State’s Rights resolution. The resolution declares as a fundamental principle that this gov ernment is a union of States. Without States there can be no Rnion. State’s Rights arg indispegsablg tQ our poiiti oarintegrity. Referred under the rules. Mr. Casey also offered a resolution on the subject of the taxation of polls. It Erovides that a tax of one dollar shall e levied on the poll of every voter for educational purposes and that a tax of two dollars be levied on every poll for the purpose of keeping np the public roads of the State. Referred under the rules, ' Against State Aid. Mr. Little (W. A.), of the Twenty fourth District, also offered a resolu tion against the doctrine of State aid. It provides that the State shall never become a joint owner of or stockholder in any private enterprise. Referred under the rules. After (lie iini'eniiy. Mr. loosely (3. H.), of the Thirty first District, offered a resolution pro viding for the abolition of the Agricul tural Bureau, the Geological Bureau and the State Board of Health, Refer ed under the fqjea, FOURTH DAY OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL ‘ ’ CONVENTION. Wlint IViu Done Yesterday—The ((oillC>l<:> ,1 Houreiae Comt—Number o( furors—Hussion* ant| Number of Mem jtert ot 1 (be Legislature-Sinking Fund In tlie State Debt—Committees Ap pointed. Atlant.4, July —The State Consti tutional Convention assembled this morning at half past eight o’clock, in the Opera tfouse/tjie Resident, Ron. Chas. J. Jenkins,‘in‘the Chair. Jarora in Justice*’ Court*. Mr. Polk (Jas.), of the Thirty-Fourth District, offered a resolution providing foriuriesin Justices' Qonrts when de ni added; also, a 'resolution praetieally restoring Inferior Courts, The resolu tion was referred nnder the rules. The Pay of Receiver* and Collector*. Mr. Fontaine (Francis), of the Twen ty-Fourth District, offered a resolution reducing the percentage of Deceivers of Tax Returns -nd Tax Collectors as the aggregate amount or taxes increase in particular counties'. This resolution went over under the rules. The State School Commissioner. Mr. ti nderwood (T. <J.), of the Thir ty-second District, ‘offered a' resolution to aboljsh the office of State School Commiasiiiuer, the tjo?e*po|r fend State Treasurer distributing the educational fund without compensation. Referred under the rules. Hometoead Exemption. Dr. H. R. Sasey, of the Twenty-ninth District, introduced the following,which went over nnder the rules: Each head of family or guardian or trustee of ' a family of minor children ah.ll be entitled to a homestead of realty to the value of 82,000 and per sonal property to the value of SI,OOO, both to be valued at the time they are set apart and upon a specie basis- Said exempted property thus valued Mid set apart shall vest absolutely and in fee simple in the wife and minor fchild or children, free from any debt, save and exoept for taxes, the purchase money or any portion thereof. No waiver from anjysouroe or for any | consideration shall Sold good against said exempted property, or aty portion of it, aud any legislation by the General Assembly, which, shall seek to subject this exempted property to any debt, judgment, dteciCe or exemption emanat ing from any Court shall be invalid, save and exoept it be for the class of debts above enumerated and specified. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly, at the first session after the adoption of this Constitution, to pro cure by law the setting apart and valua • tion of said exempted property, together with snoh other laws as shall give full end complete protection and security to the same, for the sole use and benefit of said families as aforesaid. Mr. Boyd (Wier), of the Thirty-Sec ond District, offered a resolution that the exemption laws of 1868 be replaced by prior laws, amendable by futnre leg islation. Mr. Ingram (Porter), of the Twenty fonrth District, introduced a resolution allowing an exemption of two thousand dollars in real estate and personalty, with power to sell and reinvest during the life time of the parties interested. Mr. Whiddon (Green), of the Ninth District, offered a resolution allowing a realty exemption of fifty acres of agri cultural land, with five acres additional for each minor under sixteen years of age. Mr. Edge (P. W.), of the Twenty-first Distriot, offered a resolution providing for a homestead exemption of two thou sand dollars in realty and one thonsand dollars in personalty (specie), descend ing to the heirs at law and sold for re investment or distribution. Mr. Tumlin (N. J.), of the Thirty eighth District, offered a resolntion allowing the waiving of the homestead exemption. Mr. Key (J. C.), of the Twenty-eighth District, offered a resolution exempting realty to the value of fifteen hundred dollars and personalty to the amount of five hundred dollars, with fifty dollars additional for each child. Mr. Twitty (J. B.), of the Eighth Dis triot, introduced a resolution providing for the continuance of the present home stead exemption. Referred. Leave of Absence. Mr. Sibley (George R.), of the Eigh teenth Distriot, was granted leave of absenoe on account of important busi ness. The Public Printlog. Mr. Little (W. A.),' of the Twenty fourth District, offered a resolution providing that the public printing be let annually to the lowest bidder, the Legislature prescribing the details. Hieunai Sessions of the Legislature* Mr. Mobley (J. W.), of the Twenty fourth District, offered a resolution pro viding for biennial sessions of the Legislature which is to consist of a hundred members, twenty-five Senators and seventy-five Representatives, who are to receive four dollars a day, and the session not to last more than thirty-five days; the salary of the Clerk of the Sen ate to L e two thousand dollars, and that of the Clerk of the House to be three thousand dollars. Mr. Wallace (W. L ), of the Twenty third Distriot, offered a resolution pro viding for eight State Representatives from each Congressional District. Both resolutions were referred. Mr. Wynn (L. J.), of the Thirty fourth District, introduced a resolntion that eaoh county in the State shall have one Representative in the General As sembly, the Senators remaining the same as at present, and providing for one session of the Legislature every four years. Referred. Mr. Howell (D. B), of the Twelfth Distriot, offered a resolution to preserve the Senatoral Districts and allow two Representations to each District. The resolution went over under the rules. Imprisonment of Debtors. Mr. Winn (L. J.), of the Thirty fourth District, offered a resolution im prisoning debtors failing to surrender property not exempt from levy or sale by State laws, until compliance. The res olution went over under the rules. The Franchise. Mr. Chambers (J.), of the Twenty-first District, introduced the following, which went over under the rules: Qualification of Eleotors—Each Elec tor shall have registered his name as elector in the county in which he offers to vote. Oath Required—“l do swear oiat I have not received, nor do I expect to re ceive or give, any money or anything ot value by which my vote or any vote is effected, or expected to be (fleeted at present election; that I have paid all taxes required which I have had oppor tunity of paying for the year next pre ceding this eleotion; that I have not given or promised any reward by which to influence the free judgment or right to vote, of any elector at this eleotion.” No person convicted of treason, felo ny or larceny or embezzlement of public funds of the United States, this State or any county of the State,shall be eligible to offices of honor, trust or profit. Seconds as well as principals shall not hold office or vote. All qualified voters shall be registered by the sheriff and deputies in each county. No person shall register who has been convicted of treason, embezzle ment of public funds, felony, malfea sance in office, crime punishable with imprisonment, bribery or luroeny, or who shall be idiotic or insane. .Supreme Court Judaea. Mr. Mynott (P. L.), of the Thifty-fifth District, offered a resolution providing for the election of five Supreme Court Judges, the Governor filling vacancies, by the appointment qt the first election of one Judge for one year, one for two years, two for four years, and two for six years, and thereafter all to be elected for the term of six years. Also, a reso lution authorizing the Legislature to create or abolish any courts. Both reso lutions were referred. Mr. Howell (S. G.), of the Thirty fourth District, offered a resolution pro viding that Supreme Court Judges shall hold office for four years, at fen annual salary of SI,BOQ. Mr. Rarrqw (Pope), of the Twenty seventh District, offered a resolution providing that the Supreme Court Judges be appointed by the Governor, and that they hold office during life or good behavior. Mr. Underwood (A. F.), of the Thirty second District, introduced a resolution abolishing the Supreme Court, lyhich went over under the rules. C *P,W CWV*-, Mr. Donaldson, (J. E.), of the Eighth District offered a resolution abolishing Connty Courts and Commissioners and providing for the trial of certain crimi nal and civil cases by the ordinary, the Ordinary andCounty Solicitor to be elect ed for two years, juries, save in criminal cases, to be reduced to six m e h- The resolution went oyer under the rules. Public Expenditure*. Mr. Johnson (W. G.), of the Thirtieth District, offered a resolution providing that an accurate statement of receipts and expenditures of public money shall be attached to and published with the laws at every regular session of the Gen eral Assembly. JJuror^ Mr. Creep (J. R.), of the Seventh Dis trict, offered a resolution decreasing the number of jurors in civil cases to six, and grand jdrors to thirteen. Referred under the rules. Mr. McFarland ( P. G.) of the Forty fourth District, offered a resolution providing that the number of grand jurors be reduced to tfiiijtcen, and traverse jurors to seven, litigant to pay the jurors their jp ttr (frem, Referred. A Silking Fund. Mr. Mathews (J. D.), of the Thirtieth District; offered a resolution providing that the net earnings of the State and Macon and Brunswick Roads be njfede a sinking fund to pay tkfi bonds of the State, save a thousand dollars to be ap propriated to education and other pur poses. When these, with the Memphis Branch, are sold, the public debt to be liquidated with the proceeds. N° debt now held valid to be invalidated in the future. No State or corporation to issue bonds to pay dajpts. Referred. Five Committee* Appointed, The President stated that he had ap pointed five more of the thirteen stand ing committees, and announced them os follows. " The committees consist of nine members each,“one from each Con gressional District. • Fleyeo' have now iBRMWM'v . Counties knJ'Cotinty J|. M. Mobl'dV, Warring Russell, B. R.‘ Ste phens, M. N. Mcßae, J. T,' Sneuse, T. A. Gibbs, Safflnfll Rawlins’ W. G. Johnson, Andrew Jackson. Public Institutions—B. W. Harris, 8. F. Keller, J. B- Ureeoh, David Sapp, L. M. Tye, E. B. Rosser, D. B. Hamilton, Adam Johnston, A. F. Underwood. Finance and Taxation—T. J. Sim mons, L. J. Warren, N. Tift, D. B. Harrell, L. G. Willis, A. D. Hammond, J. W. Robertson, Miles W. Lewis, Wier Bovd. Homestead —P. L. Mynott, J. M. Guetrard, . L. Williams. Wik, L. T. Logins, 8; Cf'Grier, N. J. Rumlm, Qeo. FT Pierce, Pope BarroV Amendments to the Constitution—B. F Thorpe, David Goff, O. P. Swearin ger, John T. Glover, A. C. Mclntosh, J, T. Coney, J. CL Fair, G. F. Bristow, B, A. Camp, J. T. Johnson, J. C. Dell, J, E. Donaldson, Isaac Stokes, 8. M. An brey, J. F. Newell, B. L. Warthen, W. T. Day, L. J. Winn. CROP PROSPECTS. Condition of tho Crop. In Richmond. I CorrespondenggghrdNjpie and Constitutionalist.] Richki NDsOo., July 11.— The crops have suffered the last ten days for want of rain. The yield of corn has been ma terially reduced tat the drouth. To-day, however, we have been favored with; re freshing showers, and everything is looking better. Colton is doing* well, too mach grass in many places being the only drawback. Tho melon crop is al most a fuilnre; vines fast dying at the roots. The pea crop is very promising, though not as many planted as should have been. Sugar caue in some locali ties very fine. Ground peas promising. W. The ('fop. in Edgefield County, S. C. [Correspondence ChronicleandConslilutionalist.] Elmwood, S.C., July 11.—Politically, we almost feel like anew people since we have got the reins of Democratic gov ernment in our own hands. Every good Democrat rejoices that we have driven scallawags and carpet-baggers out. No where in the surrounding country is a scallawag or carpet-bagger in office to be found. I cannot give as cheering a re port of the crops as some of yonr cor respondents do in the Chronicle and Constitutionalist. Wheat averages about three-fourths of a crop, it being generally heavy, the grain well matured, free from smut and cheat. The oat crop on many plantations was nearly a failure; the severe Winter killed it out’; the acre age was large, but not more than a half crop will be made. Corn and ootton are generally very small and fully ten days later than last year. A few farmers are not through chopping out their ootton yet, and the grass is as high as the cotton. 1 im agine a farmer must feel very much dis couraged wheu he gets so far behind in the grass. There have been many grassy crops iu this section of conntry, bat most of the farmers are getting pretty well through with their grass. There was no necessity for there being so much. The people are not energetio enough. They don’t push and shove things through. Franklin’s maxim is a true one—“ he that by the plow would thrive himself must either hold ordrive.” There are a good many men who have laborers that do not hold or drive either. They say go on Tom, Dick and Harry, and depend on their management to carry on the farm, and when they go to harvest the crop they don’t get muoh. The result is a short crop aud not much to begin the new year with. Some men say the freedmeu are working better than heretofore. I do not think so by the grass I see about in the fields. I know they don’t work any better for me, and in fact not as well as they worked the first three years after the war. We have had plenty of rain since the rains commenced falling in June, but many more days will pass by before we will begin to need ratu again. Observer. Condition of tile Crops in Ji-fleroon. [ Correspondence Chronicle andConstituiionalist. ] Bartow, Ga., July 12.—Crops of corn and cotton are poor in all this section, with few exceptions. The oat crop was quite a failure owing to the severe freezes last Winter and the dry Spring. The wheat orop is muoh better than an average, aud there will be a large area planted next Fall. Fruit crop good ex cept melons. Health of our county good beyond a precedent, aud some few of our citizens are learning to econo mize; yet the masses, white and black, like to spend faster than to make. A disposition to buy something good to eat, to drink, to wear, to drive a fine horse and buggy, to ride on a railroad, to visit places of amusement, to smoke flue cigars, chew fine tobacco, throw away old clothes and buy new ones—ail tend to keep us poor aud miserable. Onr young men, now poor by the result of war. spend five dollars where one was spent when their parents were well-to do in the world. “An Old Man.” Cropo in Jefferson, Hurke and Richmond. \Jefferson News and Fanner.] A short trip, which carried us through a part of Jefferson, Burke and Rich mond, caused us to take notice of the crops on our line of travel. For the most part the cotton crop is farther be hind than Professor Janes puts it. He says the crop is two weeks behind. Tn all the sections we refer to they are three weeks behind. We speak of cotton. A great deal of it is in grass. The rains were sudden, and continuing for two weeks, the grass grew very fast. Some of it looks diseased and hard, and tho smaller proportion of it looks well and green and growing. Corn is too spind ling, and a good deal of it has wanted work. Once stunted it never gets over it, and there is a great deal of it stunted. Fruit seems to be abundant. Liee on cotton are doing a great deal of damage in Jefferson county. Rain is much needed. THE COTTON TRADE. The Cotton Men in Connell iu Liverpool. Liverpool, July 12. —Nine American delegates, and representatives from Havre, Amsterdam, Hamburg, and other continental markets, and influential representatives of the Liverpool trade, were present at to day’s sitting of the Cotton Convention. Mr. W. B. Far wood was eleoted President, and Mr. It. Holt, Vice-President. The President welcomed the delegates to the most im portant gathering ever held in connec tion with the trade. He referred to the altered condition of the cotton industry in consequence of the abolition of sla very and the establishment of cable communication with the United States. Mr. Sampson, of New Orleans, President of the Ameroan dele gation, read a paper on the “Ship ments of Cotton from New Orleans,” olaiming that the utmost care was taken to seonre shipments in good condition. Mr. Campbell, of New York, read a paper on “The Cotton Trade of New York,” and claimed that his Exchange had taken steps in regard to the business in “Futures,” whereby losses to those outside from fluctua tions wore almost ml. Mr. Proskavar, of Mobile, Mr. Bright, of GalvestoD, and Mr. Muir, of Savannah, read re ports as to the oonduct of the trade in their respective ports. The following resolutions were then passed; That, in consequence oJ the serious losses to merchants of this country by damage to cotton, particularly from Mobile fnd Galveston, a more efficient inspection before shipment should 1 e provided, and no cotton should be ship ped beyond the port of Mobile, or out side the bar at Galveston, exoept from covered lighters. That when exceptional allowances from damp are being made at the no cotton shall be shipped until authorized by the inspector^. That it is desirable that cotton shonld be bought and sold in America at net weight. A resolution that all bales on which an allowance for damp has been made should be specially marked was rejected. The Yice-I resident read a report on the cotton trade of Liverpool, and the steps taken to carry out the recommendations of the former conference. This report, forms the subject of to-morrow’s mission. Tfc Last Day* Proceeding* of tli> Liverpool Convention—What was 1)n,,(, -('he Next meeting. Liverpool, J&iy 13.—At to-day’s sit ting of the Cotton Convention Mr. Campbell, of New York read a letter from the President of the American Na tional Cotton Exchange,'stating that an effort would be made to adopt the Liver pool standard of classificatiou tbrough j out America. Mr. Simpson, of New Or leans, read the instructions he had re ceived from the New Orleans Cotton Ex change relative to tfi.e system of in spection and supervision of cargos at that port, and moved for the establishment of some mode of inspection of cotton on arrived at Liver pool, the expenses to be defrayed by levying a small import charge. Mr. Muir, of Savannah, seconded the mo tion, which was carried unanimously. A committee was appointed to farther the objects proposed. Mr. Phelps, of St. Lonis, moved the substitution of the term “American Cotton’' for term “Or leans,” vjhioh is at present used in quota , tions. on the ground that the latter was vague. Mr. Frost, of Charles ton,seconded 1 the motion but it was rejected by a vote of 11 to 9, On motion of Mr. Reynolds, of Norfolk, Yfe., the Convention agreed to that cotton be sold at Liverpool fit net cash without re daction ae at present, Qp motion o’f Mr. Simpson, tfiid seconded by Mr. Gotten Brokers Associa tion were requested to devise some means of remedying the acknowledged defects of the present system of deal ing in futures. On motion of Mr. Camp bell, seconded by Mr. Mnir, it was re solved by a vote 18 to 1 to take steps to organize an International Cotton Asso ciation. It was also resolved that offi cial quotations of middling, low mid dling and good ordinary shonld be given daily. It was annonnoed that it was proposed to hold the next international conferee?.?. * in 1879. The President' the Convention ion the success of its labors. The pro ! ceedings then terminated. . Perfect Honesty Plus Chemical Science.— ln these words you have the great seoret of the unexampled success of Dooley’s Yeast Powder. It is made from the purest cream tartar, manufac tured from grape juice expressly for this firm. THE INDIAN WAR. The Humane Howard—More Ombreak. Ap prehended—Volunteer. Called Ont. n. Washington, July 13.—A dispatch from Portland says Geu. Howard is at Cainas Prairie, And said he would take no prisoners—that, he wonld pursue the ludians and kill them if it were possi ble. The following was received at the War Department this morning : San Francisco, July 12. To the Secretary of War, Washington : The following, dated Lewiston, July 11th, lias just been received, having been forwarded from Portland to-day : “In the absence of General Howard,who is beyond my reach, I think General McDowell should be informed that I have reliable information that Joseph’s band has lately received considerable ac cessions and it is feared many other res ervation Indians will join him. I wonld suggest that 200 Washington Territory or Oregon troops be called for immedi ately to prevent this aud the damage that may follow during the absence of the troops, until they can be replaoed by regular troops. [Signed] Soully.” Colonel Scully, who sends this dis patch, is an old officer of much service in Indian warfare and in the Depart ment of the Columbia. Ido not feel at liberty to disregard his appeal. In some way unaccountable to me the Second lufantry, ordered here a week ago, has not yet started. I send to morrow every man J have been able to scrape together this side of Arizona, and altogether the four skeleton companies do not amount to a hundred men. Un der these circumstances I approve the suggestion to call ont for a limited time two hundred volunteers from Oregon or Washington Territory. [Signed] McDowell, Major-General. As soon as the above dispatch was re ceived General Vincent, acting Adju tant-General, proceeded to the Execu tive Mansion and laid it before the Cabinet, then in session. After a brief discussion it was ordered that a call for two hundred volunteers should be made, as recommended by General McDowell, and that he should have authority to in crease the number to five hundred, if necessary. TIIE SOUTHERN NEGRO. A Republican Observer’s Views of His Pres ent roinlltlon—Riving Him Polltienl As cendency a “Horribly Rrotesqoe Experi ment.” \E. V. Smalley in the New York Tribune.] Northern people, who judge of the negro by the few specimens ot intelli gent colored barbers and waiters they see at home, always have their theories as to the condition and capabilities of the race suddenly unsettled when they study the pure African typos of the plantations ignorant, rugged, dirty blacks, with countenances so brutal as to be repulsive, aud persons aiAl cloth ing so disgustingly and odoronsly un clean that their presence is insupport able. However enthusiastically one may favor the principle of equal civil rights, ho does not want to ride in a railway oar with such creatures as these. Fortu nately he is not obliged to, for they go into the car provided for them of theip own accord, aud seem to have no desire for the company of the whites. Occa sionally a respectably dressed colored man or woman rides in the sarae oar with the white passengers, no. one ob jecting. Color prejudice appears to be slowly giving way, but the prejudioe agaiust close association v ith Buc ij dirty, bad-smelling people as. are the majority of the plantation negroes may be ex peoted to Continue for All Time. The best and the worst of the colored population flock to the oities and towns; the more intelligent and ambitions, who seek better opportunities of improving their condition than plantation life af fords, and the idle vagabonds who want to bo where there is more fun and more to steal than in the oountry. Every Southern town is belted around with a zone of negro dwellings—some com fortable little cottages with gardens, be longing to the former class, and others wretched hovels where the latter class huddle together like swine. The in dustrious negro of the town is a me chanic, a coachman, a porter, a dray driver, a market gardener, or a man-of all-work. He is well Pressed on Sun days, a pillar of his chnrch, sends his children to school, has a little money laid by, and is in all ways a good oiti z n, respected by the whites as well as by his own people. The Idle Negro Is the pest of tho place. He in thiev ish, dissolute and generally worthless, aud lives by preying upon the commu nity. His food he gets from the kitoh ens of white families where his wives are employed—for he generally has two or three wives, so as to make sure of something to eat when one of them quarrels with him; his clothes are of old garments stolen or begged by the wo men from their employers, and his spending-money for tobacco and whisky he gets by pilfering whatever he can lay his hands on of dark nights that is sale able to the junk dealers. The whites at the South say that all negroes will step.l, but this is an extrav agant generalization, for every white man or woman who repeats this com mon saying will, if questioned, admit to having known colored people who were scrupulously honest. Nevertheless, it cannot ho denied that the blacks as a class are much more given to stealings thau the poor ignorant whites. South ern prisons and penitentiaries are full of negroes, and in more than one South ern State there is a serious agitation in favor of reviving the whipping post as a punishment for theft, to relieve the com munity from The Heavy Burden Of supporting so many prisonom. I have found convincing evidence that the heavy preponderance of blaoks over whites in county jails and State prisons is not the result of auy unfairness on the part of the Judges aud juries in the trial of the former. Iu addition to proofs of this, given in former letters, I may oite the Mississippi State prison, which, under Republican administration, had on its rolls about one thousand oonvicts, only one-tenth of whom were white, and now has about two thousand (effect of improved administration of jnstioe), but shows ho change in tho proportion of blacks to whites, ten to one being still the ratio. In most of the old slave States a large number, not all, of the convicts are hirod ont to contractors for work on railroads, levees and planta tions, The system is not a good one for correction and discipline, bnt the States are too poor to build pr isons large enough to hold all tho negroes guilty of grand larceny. It may well W doubtivd, as I said be fore, if &n the whol<j the negroes are making any substantial progress. They i are in best coudVcion in sections where the whites predominate, while in regions where the block population is propor tionally heaviest they are barely one re move from African barbarism. They speak, the English language, and profess a religion that is nominally Christian, but in their ways of living they are es sentially barbarians still. To give them politioal ascendancy over the whites was the most horribly, grotesque experiment ever tried in the science of government. The only hope of their getting forward in the path of civilization, with anything like rapidity, lies in the prospect that the tide of emigration will soon be de flected from the West to the South, and the whites, thus reinforced by large numbers of settlers from the Northern States and Enrope, will beoome as dom inant in numbers as they are now in in telligence. The negro appears capable of originating and developing no fruits of civilization from his own nature—the white man must sow the seed. stark dead. A Bickenlnjr Tragedy of Heduetton, Murder* nnd fiyiicblaf In Kemufby. Nashville, Tenn., July 11.—The fol lowing is the Nashville American’a special from Bowling Green, Ky., rela tive to the Allen ooHnty crime : “Allen , connty has recently been the scene of a . horrible crime. At Point Oliver, some ten miles from Sc.ottsville, the county seat. Miss Barton was missed from her home, and no tidings could be learned of her i whereabouts for a week, when her dead I body was found in a sealeded spot not j far from the residenee of her brotber-in ' law, Geo, Stark,, with two bullet Boles 'in her head, and her body is an athrane !ed stage of decomposition. An invest>- : gatiqu pointed to a criminal intimacy between, her and Stark, and to him as her mnrderer. He was arrested, placed under guard at Seottsville, and his pre liminary trial commenced yesterday.— This afternoon the stage driver from Seottsville brings intelligence that a body of men, supposed to be relatives of the young lady, took Stark from his guards at 12 o’clock last night and hung him. There seems to have been a good chance for his acquittal, as there was a lack J positive proof against him, yet the citizens generally believe him {jifilty. Stark was of' a gpod family and Mood 'Well' heretofore,’* “Andrews’ Bazar” contains not only fashion news and plates, but serial and other stories, a children’s department, correspondence from Paris, London and New York, society personals, amuse ment and art notes, and, in short, as much matter as can be found in periodi cals of quadruple its cost, which is bnt one dollar a year. Address W. R. An drews, publisher, Cincinnati.